禪修基本須知

及專用詞彙手冊

巴利－中文－英文

Ven. Dhammasiri編

台灣 法雨道場 印行

禪修基本須知

及專用詞彙手冊

巴利－中文－英文

Ì 目錄 Ì

第一章：如何修行安般念到入禪

第二章：如何以其它法門修定

第三章：如何修行四梵住與四護衛禪

第四章：如何辨識色法

第五章：如何辨識名法

第六章：如何透視緣起法的環結

第七章：如何培育觀智以透視涅槃

參考資料

帕奧修程之巴~中~英文對照補充

回目錄 第一章：修行安般念到入禪

Chapter 1: Develop Mindfulness-of-Breathing to Absorption

KAMMAṬṬHĀNA業處MEDITATION SUBJECT

Ānāpānassati

安那般那念 (入出息念)

Mindfulness of Breathing

ASSĀSA-PASSĀSA入出息 BREATH IN AND OUT

Dīghaṁ vā assasanto	入息長	Breathing in a long breath
Dīghaṁ vā passasanto	出息長	Breathing out a long breath
Rassaṁ vā assasanto	入息短	Breathing in a short breath
Rassaṁ vā passasanto	出息短	Breathing out a short breath
Passaṁbhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ assasissāmī	全身入息	Calming the breath body breathe in
Passaṁbhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ passasissāmī	全身出息	Calming the breath body breathe out
	微細息	Subtle breath

NIMITTA禪相THE SIGN OF CONCENTRATION

Sabhāva-lakkhaṇa	自相[1] (自性相)	Individual Characteristics
Sāmañña-lakkhaṇa	共相[2]	General Characteristics

四種能使氣平息的因

THE FOUR FACTORS MAKE THE BREATH CALM

Ābhoga	思惟	Reflecting
Samannāhāro	專念	Bringing to mind
Manasikāra	作意	Attending
Vīmaṁsā	觀察	Deciding

禪相的現象APPEARANCE OF THE SIGNS

Uggaha-nimitta	取相	Taken-up sign or learning sign
Paṭibhāga nimitta	似相	Counterpart sign
Parikamma-nimitta	預備相	Preparatory sign

SAMĀDHI禪定CONCENTRATION

Upacāra	近行定	Access concentration
Appanā	安止定	Absorption concentration
Sadisūpacāra	等分定	Similary concentration

PAÑCAPACCAYO平衡五根BALANCING THE FIVE CONTROLLING FACULTIES

Saddhā	信	Faith
Vīriya	精進	Effort
Sati	念	Mindfulness
Samādhi	定	Concentration
Paññā	慧	Understanding

BHĀVANĀ兩種禪修法
TWO TYPES OF MEDITATION

Samatha	止（奢摩他)	Tranquillity
Vipassanā	觀 (毗婆舍那)	Insight

JHĀNA禪那ABSORPTION

Lokiya-jhāna	世間禪	Mundane jhāna
Lokuttara-jhāna	出世間禪	Supramundane jhāna
Rūpāvacara-jhāna	色界禪	Fine-material plane jhāna
Arūpa-jhāna	無色界禪	Immaterial plane jhāna

SATTA BOJJAðGA平衡七覺支
BALANCING THE SEVEN FACTORS OF ENLIGHTENMENT

Sati	念覺支	The Enlighten- ment Factor of Mindfulness
Dhammavicaya	擇法覺支	Investigation of Phenomena
Vīriya	精進覺支	Effort
Pīti	喜覺支	Joy
Passaddhi	輕安覺支	Tranquillity
Samādhi	定覺支	Concentration
Upekkhā	捨覺支	Equanimity

PAÑCA JHĀNAðGA五禪支
FIVE JHĀNAS FACTORS

Vitakka	尋	Applied thought
Vicāra	伺	Sustained thought
Pīti	喜	Joy
Sukha	樂	Bliss
Ekaggatā	一境性	One-pointedness

PAÑCA VASI-BHĀVA五自在
THE FIVE KINDS OF MASTERY

Āvajjana-vasī	轉向自在	Mastery in Adverting
Samāpajjana-vasī	入定自在	〞 attaining
Adhiṭṭhāna-vasī	住定自在	〞 resolving
Vutthana-vasī	出定自在	〞 emerging
Paccavekkhana-vasī	省察自在	〞 reviewing

其他OTHERS

Bhavaṅga	有分心或有分識	Life-continuum consciousness
Paṭhamajjhānaṁ	初禪	First jhāna (absorption)
Dutiyajjhānaṁ	第二禪	Second jhāna
Tatiyajjhānaṁ	第三禪	Third jhāna
Catutthajjhānaṁ	第四禪	Forth jhāna
Manodvāravīthi	意門心路過程	Mind-door-thought-process
Manodvārāvajjana	意門轉向心	Mind-door adverting consciousness

回目錄

第二章：其它修定的法門

Chapter 2: Develop Absorption on Other Subjects

三十二身分
THE THIRTY-TWO PARTS OF THE BODY

Kesā	髮	Head hairs
Lomā	毛	Body hairs
Nakhā	爪	Nails
Dantā	齒	Teeth
Taco	皮	Skin
Maṁsaṁ	肉	Flesh
Nahārū	腱	Sinews
Atthi	骨	Bones
Atthi-miñjā	骨髓	Bone marrow
Vakkaṁ	腎	Kidneys
Hadayaṁ	心	Heart
Yakanaṁ	肝	Liver
Kilomakaṁ	膜	Membrane
Pihakaṁ	脾	Spleen
Papphāsaṁ	肺	Lungs
Antaṁ	腸	Intestines
Antaguṇaṁ	腸間膜	Mesentery
Udariyaṁ	胃中物	Undigested food
Karisaṁ	糞	Faeces
Matthaluṅgaṁ	腦	Brain
Pittaṁ	膽汁	Bile
Semhaṁ	痰	Phlegm
Pubbo	膿	Pus
Lohitaṁ	血	Blood
Sedo	汗	Sweat
Medo	脂肪	Fat
Assu	淚	Tears
Vasā	膏（皮脂）	Grease
Kheḷo	唾	Saliva
Siṅghāṇika	涕	Snot
Lasikā	關節滑液	Synovial fluid
Muttaṁ	尿	Urine

涅槃的三門THE THREE ENTRANCES TO NIBBĀNA

Vaṇṇakasiṇa	色遍	Colour kasiṇa
Paṭikūla-manasikāra	厭惡作意(不淨觀)	Repulsiveness
Suññata	空 (無我)	Voidness of self

AṬṬHIKĀ白骨觀THE SKELETON MEDITATION

Paṭikūla	厭惡	Repulsive
Aṭṭhikapaṭikūla	可厭的骨	Repulsive skeleton
Aṭṭhika	骨	Skeleton

DASA KASIṆA十遍THE TEN KASIṆAS

Nīla-kasiṇaṁ	青遍	Blue kasiṇa
Pīta-kasiṇaṁ	黃遍	Yellow kasiṇa
Lohita-kasiṇaṁ	紅遍	Red kasiṇa
Odāta-kasiṇaṁ	白遍	White kasiṇa
Paṭhavī-kasiṇaṁ	地遍	Earth kasiṇa
Āpo-kasiṇaṁ	水遍	Water kasiṇa
Tejokasiṇaṁ	火遍	Fire kasiṇa
Vāyokasiṇaṁ	風遍	Wind kasiṇa
Ālokakasiṇaṁ	光明遍	Light kasiṇa
Ākāsakasiṇaṁ	空遍	Space kasiṇa

CATU ARæPA-JHĀNA四無色禪
THE FOUR IMMATERIAL JHĀNAS

Ākāsānañcāyatanajhāna	空無遍處	The Base-of-Boundless-Space
Viññāṇañcāyatanajhāna	識無遍處	Boundless-Consciousness
Ākiñcaññāyatanajhāna	無所有處	Nothingness
Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanajhānā	非想非非想處	Neither-Perception -Nor-Non-Perception

回目錄 第三章：四梵住與四護衛禪

Chapter 3: Develop the Sublime Abidings and Proctective-Meditations

CATUBRAHMAVIHARĀ四梵住

THE FOUR SUBLIME ABIDINGS

Metta-bhāvanā	慈心觀	Lovingkindness
Karuṇā-bhāvanā	悲心觀	Compassion
Muditā-bhāvanā	喜心觀	Appreciative-Joy
Upekkhā-bhāvanā	捨心觀	Equanimity

METTA BHĀVANĀ慈心觀LOVINGKINDNESS

不應當對兩類人修慈心觀

LOVINGKIDNESS SHOULD NOT BE DEVELOPED TOWARDS TWO TYPES OF PERSON

Liṅgavisabhāga	異性之人	Someone of the opposite sex
Kālakata-puggala	已死之人	Someone not alive

應當對四類人修慈心觀

LOVINGKIDNESS SHOULD BE DEVELOPED TOWARDS FOUR TYPES OF PERSON

Atta	你自己	Yourself
Piya	喜愛者	A person you like and respect
Majjhatta	中庸(無愛憎)	A neutral person
Verī	怨敵	An enemy

最初的時候不應當對四類人修慈心觀

IN THE VERY BEGINNING YOU SHOULD NOT DEVELOPED LOVINGKIDNESS TOWARDS FOUR TYPES OF PERSON

Appiya-puggala	不喜愛者	An antipathetic person
Atippiyasahāyaka	極親愛者	A very dear person
Majjhattapuggala	中庸、無愛憎者	A neutral, indifferent person
Verī-puggala	怨敵	An enemy

對自己培育慈愛的四種意念

THE FOUR TYPES OF THOUGHTS FOR DEVELOPING LOVINGKIDNESS TOWARDS YOURSELF

Ahaṁ avero homi	願我免除危難	May I be free from mental danger
Abyāpajjo homi	願我免除精神的痛苦	mental pain
Anīgho homi	願我免除身體的痛苦	physical pain
Sukhī attānaṁ pariharāmi	願我平安快樂	May I be well and happy

對敬愛的人散發慈愛

EXTENDING LOVINGKIDNESS TOWARDS A PERSON YOU LIKE AND RESPECT

Ayaṁ sappuriso avero hotu	願此善人免除危難	May this good person be free from danger
Ayaṁ sappuriso abyāpajjo hotu	精神的痛苦	mental pain
Ayaṁ sappuriso anīgho hotu	身體的痛苦	physical pain
Ayaṁ sappuriso sukhī attānaṁ pariharatu	願此善人平安快樂	May this good person be well and happy

SĪMĀSAMBHEDA破除界限[3]
THE BREAKING DOWN OF BOUNDARIES

廿二類遍滿THE TWENTY-TWO CATEGORIES OF PERVASION

Anodhiso-pharaṇā	五類不限定的遍滿	Five categories of unspecified pervasion
Odhiso-pharaṇā	七類限定的遍滿	Seven categories of pervasion
Disā-pharaṇā	十類方向的遍滿	Ten categories of directional pervasion

五類不限定的遍滿FIVE CATEGORIES OF UNSPECIFIED PERVASION

Sabbe sattā	一切有情(眾生)	All beings
Sabbe pāṇa	一切有命者（息生）	All breathing things
Sabbe bhūtā	一切生物	All creatures
Sabbe puggalā	一切個人(別生)	All persons
Sabbe attabhāva-pariyāpannā	一切個體(自生)	All individuals

七類限定的遍滿

SEVEN CATEGORIES OF SPECIFIED PERVASION

Sabbā itthiyo	一切女人	All beings
Sabbe purisā	一切男人	All breathing things
Sabbe ariyā	一切聖者	All women
Sabbe anariyā	一切凡夫	All men
Sabbe devā	一切天神	All enlightened beings
Sabbe manussā	一切人類	All unenlightened beings
Sabbe vinipātikā	一切惡道眾生	All beings in the lower realms

十類方向的遍滿[4]

TEN CATEGORIES OF DIRECTIONAL PERVASION

Puratthimāya disāya	東方	To the East
Pacchimāya disāya	西方	To the West
Uttarāya disāya	南方	To the North
Dakkhiṇāya disāya	北方	To the South
Puratthimāya anudisāya	東南方	To the South East
Pacchimya anudisāya	西北方	To the North West
Uttarāya anudisāya	東北方	To the North East
Dakkhiṇāya anudisāya	西南方	To the South West
Heṭthimya disāya	下方	Below
Uparimya disāya	上方	Above

KARUṆĀ BHĀVANĀ悲心觀[5] COMPASSION

Ayaṁ sappuriso dukkhā muccatu

願此善人解脫 痛苦

May this person be released from suffering

UPEKKHĀ BHĀVANĀ捨心觀EQUANIMITY

Ayaṁ sappuriso kammasako

此善人是他自己所造之業的承受者

This being is the heir to his own actions

CATURĀRAKKHA BHĀVANĀ四護衛禪

THE FOUR PROTECTIVE MEDITATIONS

Buddhānussati	佛隨念	Recollection of the Buddha
Asubha	不淨觀	Repulsiveness
Maraṇanussati	死隨念	Recollection of Death
Mettā	慈心觀	Lovingkidness

BUDDHĀNUSSATI佛隨念
RECOLLECTION OF THE BUDDHA

Itipi so bhagavā	世尊已滅除煩惱	This Blessed One, having des -troyed mental difilements
Arahaṁ	堪受尊敬(阿羅漢)	Is worthy of veneration
Sammāsambuddho	他自己證悟圓滿正覺(正遍知)	He has attained perfect enlighten -ment by himself
Vijjācaraṇasam-panno	他的智慧與德行達到完美（明行足）	He is perfect in knowledge and the practice of morality
Sugato	他只說利益與正實的話(善逝)	He speaks only what is benefi- cial and true
Lokavidū	他了解世間 （世間覺）	He knows the world
Annuttaro purisadammasā-rathi	他是那些堪受調伏者的無上引導者 (無上士調御丈夫)	He is the unsur- passable leader of men fit to be tamed
Satthā devama-nussānaṁ	他是天神與人類的導師(天人師)	He is the teacher of devas and men
Buddho	他是覺悟者 (佛陀)	He is an Enlightened One
Bhagavā	他是過去生善業福德果報的最吉祥擁有者 （世尊）	He is the most fortunate poses-sor of the results of previous me-ritorious action

ASUBHA不淨觀REPULSIVENESS

Uddhumātakaṁ	腫脹	A bloated corpse
Vinīlakaṁ	青瘀	A livid corpse
Vipubbakaṁ	膿爛	A fastering corpse
Vicchiddakaṁ	斷壞	A dismembered corpse
Vikkhāyitakaṁ	食殘	An eaten corpse
Vikkhittakaṁ	散亂	A scattered in pieces corpse
Hatavikkhitta-kaṁ	斬斫離散	A multilated and scattered in pieces corpse
Lohitakaṁ	血塗	A bloody corpse
Pulavakaṁ	蟲聚	A worm infested corpse
Atthikaṁ	骸骨	A skeleton

MARAṆĀNUSSATI死隨念
RECOLLECTION OF DEATH

Maraṇaṁ me dhuvaṁ, jīvitaṁ me adhuvaṁ	我必然會死，人命是無常的	I am certain to die, life is imper -manent
Maraṇaṁ me bhavissati	我一定會死	I certainly die
Maraṇapariyosānaṁ me jivitaṁ	我的生命在死亡時斷絕	My life will end in death
Maraṇam maraṇam	死，死	Death, death

回目錄

回目錄 第四章：如何辨識色法

Chapter 4: How to Discern Materiality

CATTĀRO MAHĀBHæTĀ四界分別觀

THE FOUR ELEMENTS MEDITATION

PAÑCA PASĀDA-RæPA五淨色

THE FIVE TRANSPARENT-ELEMENT

Cakkhu-pasāda	眼淨色	The eye trans-parent element
Kāya-pasāda	身淨色	The body…
Sota-pasāda	耳淨色	The ear …
Ghāna-pasāda	鼻淨色	The nose …
Jivhā-pasāda	舌淨色	The tongue …

GHANA三種密集

THE THREE KINDS OF COMPACTNESS

Santati-ghana	相續密集	Compactness of continuity
Samūha-ghana	組合密集	Compactness of group
Kicca-ghana	功用密集	Compactness of function

如何分析淨色

HOW TO ANALYSE THE TRANSPARENT-ELEMENT MATERIALITY

Cakkhu-dasaka-kalāpa

眼睛色為第十個色法的色聚

Eye as the tenth-factors-kalāpa

1. Paṭhavidhātu 2. Āpodhātu 3. Tejodhātu 4. Vāyodhātu 5. Vaṇṇa 6. Gandho 7. Raso 8. Ojā 9. Jīvita 10. Cakkhu-pasāda

地界 水界 火界 風界 顏色 香 味 食素 命根 眼淨色

Earth element Water element Fire element Wind element Colour Odour Taste Nutritive-essence Life-faculty Eye transparent element

Kaya-dasaka-kalāpa身淨色為第十個色法的色聚

Body as the tenth-factors-kalāpa

1-9 same as Cakkhu-dasaka-kalāpa	第1至9與眼睛色為第十個色法的色聚相同	1-9 same as Eye as the tenth-factors-kalāpa
10. Kaya-pasāda	身淨色	Body transpa- rent element

Sota-dasaka-kalāpa耳淨色為第十個色法的色聚

Ear as the tenth-factors-kalāpa

1-9 same as Cakkhu-dasaka-kalāpa	第1至9與眼睛色為第十個色法的色聚相同	1-9 same as Eye as the tenth-factors-kalāpa
10. Sota-pasāda	耳淨色	Ear transparent element

Ghāna-dasaka-kalāpa鼻淨色為第十個色法的色聚

Nose the tenth-factors-kalāpa

1-9 same as Cakkhu-dasaka-kalāpa	第1至9與眼睛色為第十個色法的色聚相同	1-9 same as Eye as the tenth-factors-kalāpa
10. Ghāna-pasāda	鼻淨色	Nose transpa-rent element

Jivhā-dasaka-kalāpa舌淨色為第十個色法的色聚

Tongue the tenth-factors-kalāpa

1-9 same as Cakkhu-dasaka-kalāpa	第1至9與眼睛色為第十個色法的色聚相同	1-9 same as Eye as the tenth-factors-kalāpa
10. Jivhā-pasāda	舌淨色	Tongue transpa- rent element

眼睛裡的54種色法

THE FIFTY-FOUR TYPES OF MATERIALITY IN THE EYE

Cakkhu-dasaka-kalāpa	眼十法聚	Eye decad- kalāpa
Kāya-dasaka-kalapa	身十法聚	Body decad-kalāpa
Bhāva-dasaka-kalāpa	性根十法聚	Sex decad-Kalāpa
Cittaja-ojaṭṭhamaka-kalāpa	心生食素八法聚（由心產生）	Nutritive-essence octad kalāpa (opaque and pro-duced by consciousness)
Utuja-ojaṭṭhamaka-kalāpa	時節生食素八法聚(由時節產生)	(opaque and produced by temperature)
Āhāraja-ojaṭṭhamaka-kalāpa	食生食素八法聚(由食物產生)	(opaque and produced by nutriment)

Bhāva-dasaka-kalāpa性根十法聚
The Sex decad kalāpa

1-9 same as Cakkhu-dasaka-kalāpa	第1至9與眼睛色為第十個色法的色聚相同	1-9 same as Eye as the tenth-factors-kalāpa
10. Bhāva rūpa	性根色	Sex materiality

Cittaja-ojaṭṭhamaka-kalāpa心生食素八法聚[6]
The nutritive-essence-octad kalāpa

All the eight factors are same as Cakkhu-dasaka-kalāpa

完全相同與眼睛色為第十個色法的色聚的前八項

All the eight factors are same as Cakkhu-dasaka-kalāpa

四十二身分

THE FORTY-TWO PARTS OF THE BODY

The first thirty-two parts are sa-me as the thirty-two parts of the body	前面的三十二個部份相同於三十二身分	The first thirty-two parts are same as the thirty-two parts of the body
Tejodhātu --santappana- tejo	四個火界顯著的部份： --間隔性發 燒之火	The four outstan -ding parts of the fire element --
--jīraṇa-tejo --ḍahā-tejo --pācaka-tejo	--導致成熟 和老化之火 --普通發燒之火 --消化之火	-- -- --fire of digestion
Vāyodhātu --uddhaṅgama- vātā --adhogama-vātā --kucchisaya- vātā --koṭṭhāsaya- vātā --aṇgamaṅgānu sārino-vātā --assāsa-passāsa	六個風界顯著的部份： --上升風 --下升風 --腹內腸外風 --腸內風 --於肢體內 循環之風 --入息與出息	The six outstan -ding parts of the wind element --ascend wind --descend wind -- --wind in the intestine -- --breath-in and breath-out

廿八種色法

THE TWENTY-EIGHTS MATERIAL PHENOMENA AT A GLANCE

十八種完成色

The Eighteenth Concretely Produced Matter

Bhūta-rūpa	元素色	Great Essentials
1.Paṭhavi-dhātu 2. Āpo-dhātu 3. Tejo-dhātu 4. Vāyo-dhātu	地界 水界 火界 風界	Earth element Water element Fire element Air element
Pasāda-rūpa	淨色	Sensitive Phenomena
5. Cakkhu 6. Sotaṁ 7. Ghānaṁ 8. Jivhā 9. Kāyo	眼淨色 耳淨色 鼻淨色 舌淨色 身淨色	Eye-sensitivity Ear- sensitivity Nose- sensitivity Tongue-sensitivity Body- sensitivity

Gocara-rūpa	淨色	Objective Phenomena
10. Rupaṁ 11. Saddo 12. Gandho 13. Raso	顏色 聲 香 味	Visible form Sound Smell Taste
Bhāva-rūpa	性根色	Sexual Phenomena
14. Itthattaṁ 15. Purisattaṁ	女根色 男根色	Femininity Masculinity
Hadayarūpa	心色	Heart Phenomenon
16. Hadaya-vatthu	心所依處	Heart-base
Jīvitarupa	命色	Life Phenomenon
17. Jīvitindriyaṁ	命根色	Life faculty
Kabaḷīkārāhāra	食色	Nutritional Phenomenon
18. Kabaḷīkāro	食素(營養)	Nutriment

Dasa Anipphannarūpa/十種不完成色

The Ten Non-Concrete Matter

Paricchedarūpa	限制色	Limiting Phenomenon
19. Ākāsadhātu	空界	Space element
Viññattirūpa	表色	Communication Phenomena
20. Kāyaviññatti 21. Vacīviññatti	身表 語表	Bodily intimation Vocal intimation
Vikārarūpa	變化色	Mutable Phenomena
22. Rūpassa lahutā 23. Rūpassamudutā 24. Rūpassa kammaññatā	色輕快性 色柔軟性 色適業性	Lightness Malleability Wieldiness
Lakkhaṇarūpa	相色	Characteristics of Matter
25. Rūpassa upacaya	色積集性	Production
26. Santati 27. Jaratā 28. Aniccatā	色相續性 色老性 色無常性	Continuity Decay Impermanence

回目錄 第五章：如何辨識名法

Chapter 5: How to Discern Mentality

五十二心所 THE FIFTY-TWO FACTORS AT A GLANCE

Aññasamānacetasika十三通一切心所

The Thirteenth Ethically Variables

Sabbacitta-sādhāraṇa--7	七遍一切心心所	Universals 7
1. Phassa 2. Vedanā 3. Sañña 4. Cetanā 5. Ekaggatā 6. Jīvitindriya 7. Manasikāra	觸 受 想 思 一境性 命根 作意	Contact Feeling Perception Volition One pointedness Life faculty Attention

Pakiṇṇaka--6	六雜心所	Occasionals--6
8. Vitakka 9. Vicāra 10. Adhimokkha 11. Vīriya 12. Pīti 13. Chanda	尋 伺 勝解 精進 喜 欲	Applied thought Sustained thought Decision Energy Joy Desire

Akusala Sādhāraṇa Cetasika十四不善心所
The Fourteenth Unwholesome Factors

Akusala Sādhā-raṇa Cetasika	四通一切不善心	Unwholesome Universals--4
14. Moha 15. Ahirika 16. Anottappa 17. Uddhacca	痴 無慚 無愧 掉舉	Delusion Shamelessness Fearlessness of wrongdoing Restlessness
Akusala Cetasika	十雜不善心所	Unwholesome Occasionals 10
18. Lobha 19. Diṭṭhi 20. Māna 21. Dosa 22. Issā 23. Macchariya 24. Kukkucca 25. Thīna 26. Middha 27. Vicikīcchā	貪 邪見 慢 瞋 嫉妒 慳 惡作 昏沉 睡眠 疑	Greed Wrong view Conceit Hatred Envy Avarice Worry Sloth Torpor Doubt

Sobhanacetasika廿五美心所The Twenty-five Beautiful Factors

Sobhana-sādhāraṇa--19	十九遍一切美心心所	Beautiful Factors--19
28. Saddhā 29. Sati 30. Hiri 31. Ottappa 32. Alobha 33. Adosa 34. Mettā 35. Tatramajjhattatā 36. Kāya-passaddhi Citta-passaddhi 37. Kāya-lahutā 38. Citta-lahutā 39. Kāya-mudutā 40. Citta-mudutā 41. Kāya-kammaññatā 42. Citta-kammaññatā 43. Kāya-paguññatā 44. Citta-paguññatā 45.Kāyujjukatā 46. Cittujjukatā	信 念 慚 愧 無貪 無瞋 慈 中捨性 身輕安 心輕安 身輕快性 心輕快性 身柔軟性 心柔軟性 身適業性 心適業性 身練達性 心練達性 身正直性 心正直性	Faith Mindfulness Shame Fear of wrong Non-greed Non-hatred lovingkindness Neutrality of mind Tranquility of mental body Tranquility of consciousness Lightness of mental body Lightness of consciousness Malleability of mental body Malleability of consciousness Wieldiness of mental body Wieldiness of consciousness Proficiency of mental body Proficiency of consciousness Rectitude of mental body Rectitude of consciousness

Samucchedavirati三離The Three Abstinences

47. Sammāvācā 48. Sammākammanta 49. Sammā-ājīva

正語 正業 正命

Right speech Right action Right livelihood

Appamaññā二無量Two Illimitables

50. Karuṇā 51. Muditā

悲憫 隨喜

Compassion Appreciative joy

Amoha一無痴Non-delusion

52. Paññā

慧根

Wisdom faculty

心根據它們存在的界之分類

CONSCIOUSNESS WHICH CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THEIR PLANE OF EXISTENCE

Kāmāvacara	欲界	Sensual plane
Rūpāvacara	色界	Fine-material plane
Arūpāvacara	無色界	Immaterial plane
Lokuttarā	出世間	Supramundane

兩種心TWO TYPES OF CONSCIOUSNESS

1. Cittavīthi	心路過程心	Consciousness in the thought-process
2. Vīthimutta	離心路過程心	Consciousness outside the thought-process

初禪的意門心路過程由一連串不同功能的六種心組成[7]

A MIND-DOOR THOUGHT-PROCESS OF THE FIRST JHĀNA CONSISTS OF A SEQUENCE OF SIX TYPES OF CONSCIOUSNESS EACH WITH DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS

1. Manodvārāva -jjana	意門轉向心 （12個）	Mind-door-adv-rting conscious-ness
2. Parikamma	遍作心 （34個）	A preparatory consciousness
3. Upacāra	近行心	An access consciousness
4. Anuloma	隨順心（34個）	A conformity consciousness
5. Gotrabhū	種性心 （34個）	A change-of-lineage consciousness
6. Jhāna-javana-citta	相續不斷一連串的禪那速行心 （34個）	An uninterrupted sequence of jhāna impulsion consciousness

初禪的三十四個名法[8]

THE FIRST JHĀNA CONSISTS OF THIRTY-FOUR MENTALITY

1. Viññāṇa	識[9]	Consciousness
2. Phassa	觸[10]	Contact
3. Vedanā	受[11]	Feeling
4~14 Please refer to Aññasamā -nacetasika no. 3~13	第4至14項請見十三通一切心所的第3至13項	4~14 Please re-fer to Thirteenth Ethically Varia-bles no. 3~13
15~33 Please refer to Sobha- nacetasika no. 28~46	第15至33項請見廿五美心所的第28至46項	15~33 Please refer to Twenty -five Beautiful Factors no. 28~46
34. Paññā	慧根	Wisdom faculty

MANODVĀRA VITHI

欲界的善意門心路過程由一連串不同功能的心組成

A WHOLESOME MIND-DOOR THOUGHT-PROCESS OF THE SENSUAL PLANE CONSISTS OF CONSCIOUSNESS EACH WITH DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS

Manodvārā-vajjana	意門轉向心	Mind-door-adv-rting consciousness
Javana-citta	七個速行心	Seven impulsion consciousness
Tadārammaṇa-citta	兩個被所緣心	Two registration consciousness

CAKKHUDVĀRA VITHI

眼門心路過程由一連串不同功能的七種心組成

AN EYE-DOOR THOUGHT-PROCESS CONSISTS OF A SEQUENCE OF SEVEN TYPES OF CONSCIOUSNESS EACH WITH DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS

1. Paññcadvārā- vajjana	五門轉向心	Five-door adverting consciousness
2. Cakkhuviññāṇa	眼識	An eye consciousness
3. Sampaṭicchana	領受心	A receiving consciousness
4. Santīraṇa	推度心	An investigating consciousness
5. Voṭṭhapana	確定心	A determining consciousness
6. Javana-citta	速行心	Impulsion consciousness
7. Tadārammaṇa-citta	被所緣心	Registration consciousness

其他OTHERS

Pañcadvāra-vīthi	五門心路過程	Five-door thought-process
Manodvāra-vīthi	意門心路過程	Mind-door thought process
Kāmāvacara-vīthi	欲界心路過程心	Sensual plane thought-process
Kāmāvacara-kusala-manodvāra-vīthi	欲界的善意門心路過程	Wholesome mind-door thought-process of the sensual plane takes place
Rūpa-kammaṭṭhāna	名業處	Discernment of materiality
Nāma-kammaṭṭhāna	色業處	Discernment of mentality
Jhāna-javana-citta	禪那速行心	Absorption impulsion consciousness
Cittaniyāma	心法法則	Natural law
Yoniso-manasikāra	如理作意 (從根源作意)	Wise attention
Ayoniso-manasikāra	不如理作意 (不從根源作意)	Unwise attention

回目錄 第六章：如何透視緣起的環結

Chapter 6: How to See the Links of Dependent-Origination

PAṬICCASAMUPPĀDA緣起 (第一法)

DEPENDENT-ORIGINATION (1^st Method)

1. Avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā	緣於無明，行生起	Dependent on ignorance arise kammic formations
2. Saṅkhārapac-cayā viññaṇaṁ	緣於行，識生起	〞 kammic formation 〞 conciousness
3. Viññaṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṁ	緣於識，名色生起	〞 consciousness 〞 mind-and-matter
4. Nāmarūpapa-ccayā saḷāyata-naṁ	緣於名色，六處生起	〞 mind-and-matter 〞 the six sense bases
5. Saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso	緣於六處，觸生起	〞 the six sense bases 〞 contact
6. Phassapaccayā vedanā	緣於觸，受生起	〞 contac t 〞 feeling
7. Vedanāpacca-yā taṇhā	緣於受，愛生起	〞 feeling 〞 craving
8. Taṇhāpaccaya upādānaṁ	緣於愛，取生起	〞 craving 〞 clinging
9. Upādānapaccayā bhavo	緣於取，有生起	〞 clinging 〞 existence
10. Bhavapaccayā jāti	緣於有，生生起	〞 existence 〞 birth
11. Jātipaccayā jarā-maraṇa-sokaparideva-dukkha-domanass' upāyassā sambhavanti	緣於生，老、死、愁、悲、苦、憂、惱生起	〞birth 〞decay-and-death, sorrow, lamen-tation, pain, grief, and des-pair

PAṬICCASAMUPPĀDA緣起 (第五法)

DEPENDENT-ORIGINATION (5^th Method)

1. Ñāta pariññā	知遍知	Autological knowledge--comprehension of the nature of things
2. Tīraṇa pariññā	度遍知	Analytical knowledge--comprehension of their characteristics, such as anicca (impermanence), dukkha (suffering), anatta (selfless-ness)
3. Pahāna pariñña	斷遍知	Dispelling knowledge--comprehension culminating in their complete and final cessation

三種輪 THREE KINDS OF ROUND

Kilesa-vaṭṭa	煩惱輪	Round of defilement
Kamma-vaṭṭa	業輪	Round of kamma
Vipāka-vaṭṭa	果輪	Round of results

臨死速行心的對相

OBJECT OF NEAR DEATH IMPULSION CONSCIOUSNESS

Kamma	業	Action
Kamma-nimitta	業相	Kamma sign
Gati-nimitta	趣相	Rebirth sign

其他OTHERS

Cetanā	思	Intention
Kusala-cetanā	善思	Wholesome intention
Paṭisandhi-citta	結生識	Rebirth-linking consciousness
Maraṇāsanna-javana-citta	臨死速行心	Near death impulsion consciousness
Arahatta-magga	阿羅漢道	Attainment of the Arahant path

第七章：如何培育觀智以透視涅槃

Chapter 7: How to Develop the Insight-Knowledges to See Nibbāna

CHA VATTHæ六依處 THE SIX BASES

1. Cakkhu-vathū	眼依處	Eye base
2. Sota-vathū	耳依處	Ear base
3. Ghāna-vathū	鼻依處	Nose base
4. Jivhā-vathū	舌依處	Tongue base
5. Kāya-vathū	身依處	Body base
6. Viññāṇa-vathū	識依處	Mind base

PAÑCA KHANDHA五蘊 THE FIVE AGGREGATES

Rūpa	色	Materiality
Vedanā	受	Feeling
Sañña	想	Perception
Saṅkhāra	行	Volition
Viññāṇa	識	Consciousness

十一種受及想
THE ELEVEN TYPES OF FEELING AND PERCEPTION

1. Atīta	過去	Past
2. Anāgata	現在	Present
3. Paccuppanna	未來	Future
4. Ajjhatta	內	Internal
5. Bahīddha	外	External
6. Olārīka	粗	Gross
7. Sukhuma	細	Subtle
8. Hīna	劣	Inferior
9. Paṇita	勝	Superior
10. Dūra	近	Near
11. Santika	遠	far

CHA DVĀRA六門THE SIX DOORS

1. Cakkhu-dvāra	眼門	Eye door
2. Sota-dvāra	耳門	Ear door
3. Ghāna-dvāra	鼻門	Nose door
4. Jivhā-dvāra	舌門	Tongue door
5. Kāya-dvāra	身門	Body door
6. Viññāṇa-dvāra	意門	Mind door

CHA RAMMAṆA六所緣(六塵)
THE SIX OBJECTS

1. Rūpārammaṇa	顏色所緣(=色)	Visible form
2. Saddārammaṇa	聲所緣(=聲)	Sound
3. Gandhārammaṇa	香所緣(=香)	Smell
4. Rasārammaṇa	味所緣(=味)	Taste
5. Phoṭṭhabbārammaṇa	觸所緣(=觸)	Tangible
6. Dhammārammaṇa	法所緣(=法)	Mental-object

CHA VIÑÑĀṆA六識 THE SIX CONSCIOUSNESS

1. Cakkhu-viññāṇa	眼識	Eye consciousness
2. Sota- viññāṇa	耳識	Ear consciousness
3. Ghāna- viññāṇa	鼻識	Nose consciousness
4. Jivhā- viññāṇa	舌識	Tongue consciousness
5. Kāya- viññāṇa	身識	Body consciousness
6. Mano- viññāṇa	意識	Mind consciousness

DVĀDA ĀYATANA十二處

THE TWELVE SENSE BASES

1. Cakkhāyatana	眼處	Eye base
2. Sotāyatana	耳處	Ear base
3.Ghānayatana	鼻處	Nose base
4. Jivhāyatana	舌處	Tongue base
5. Kāyāyatana	身處	Body base
6. Manāyatana	意處	Mind base
7. Rūpāyatana	顏色處	Visible form base
8. Saddayatana	聲處	Sound base
9. Gandhāyatana	香處	Smell base
10. Rasāyatana	味處	Taste base
11. Phoṭṭhabbāyatana	觸處	Tangible base
12. Dhammāyatana	法處	Mental-object base

AṬṬHĀRASA DHĀTU十八界
THE EIGHTEENTH ELEMENTS

1. Cakkhu-dhātu	眼界	Eye element
2. Sota-dhātu	耳界	Ear element
3. Ghāna-dhātu	鼻界	Nose element
4. Jivha-dhātu	舌界	Tongue element
5. Kāya-dhātu	身界	Body element
6. Rūpa-dhātu	顏色界	Visible form element
7. Sadda-dhātu	聲界	Sound element
8. Gandha-dhātu	香界	Smell element
9. Rasa-dhātu	味界	Taste element
10. Poṭṭhabba-dhātu	觸界	Tangible element
11.Cakkhuviññāṇa-dhātu	眼識界	Eye consciousness element
12. Sota-dhātu	耳識界	Ear consciousness element
13. Ghāna-dhātu	鼻識界	Nose consciousness element
14. Jivhā-dhātu	舌識界	Tongue consciousness element
15. Kāya-dhātu	身識界	Body consciousness element
16. Mona-dhātu	意界	Mind element
17. Dhamma-dhātu	法界	Mental-object element
18. Manoviññāṇa-dhātu	意識界	Mind-conscious-ness element

四個方法闡明究竟法的本質

THE FOUR WAYS TO ELUCIDATE THE NATURE OF ULTIMATE REALITY

1. Lakkhaṇa	相、特相、特徵	Its characteristic
2. Rasa	作用 (味)	Its function
3. Paccupaṭṭhāna	現起、現狀	Its manifestation
4. Padaṭṭhāna	近因 (足處)	Its proximate cause

七清淨

THE SEVEN STAGES OF PURIFICATION

1. Sīla-visuddhi	戒清淨	Purification of Virtue
2. Citta-v.	心清淨	Purification ofMind
3. Diṭṭhi-v.	見清淨	Purification of View
4. Kaṅkhāvitaraṇa-v.	度疑清淨	Purification by Overcoming doubt
5. Maggāmagga- ñāṇaadassana-v.	道非道智見清淨	The Purification by Knowledge and Vision of What is and What is not Path
6. Paṭipadañāṇa- dassana-v.	行道智見清淨	The Purification by Vision of the Way
7. Ñāṇadassana-v.	智見清淨	The Purification by and Vision

十六觀智THE SIXTEEN INSIGHT-KNOWLEDGES

1.Nāmarūpa-pariccheda-ñāṇa	名色識別智	The Knowledge of Analysing Mentality-and-Materiality
2.Paccaya-pariggaha-ñāṇa	緣攝受智	〞 Discerning Cause and Condition
3. Sammasana-ñāṇa	思惟智	〞 Comprehension
4. Udayabbaya-ñāṇa	生滅隨觀智	〞 Arising and Passing-away
5. Bhaṅga-ñāṇa	壞滅隨觀智	〞 Dissolution
6. Bhaya-ñāṇa	怖畏現起智	〞 Terror
7. Ādīnava-ñāṇa	過患隨觀智	〞 Danger
8. Nibbidā-ñāṇa	厭離隨觀智	〞 Disenchantment
9. Muñcitukamyatā-ñāṇa	欲解脫智	〞 Desire for Deliverance
10. Paṭisaṅkhā-ñāṇa	審察隨觀智	〞 Reflection
11.Saṅkhārupekkhā-ñāṇa	行捨智	〞 Equanimity Toward Forma-tions
12. Anuloma-ñāṇa	隨順智	〞 Conformity
13. Gotrabhu-ñāṇa	種性智	〞 Change-of-lineage
14. Magga-ñāṇa	道智	The Path Knowledge
15. Phala-ñāṇa	果智	The Fruition Knowledge
16.Paccavekkhaṇa-ñāṇa	省察智	Reviewing Knowledge

CATTĀRĪSĀKĀRAANUPASSANĀ

四十種思惟法THE FORTY PERCEPTIONS

無常組有十個「to」

There are ten ßtoû in the impermanence group

1. Aniccato	無常	Impermanent
2. Palokato	毀	Disintegrating
3. Calato	動	Fickle
4. Pabhaṅguto	壞	Perishable
5. Addhuvato	不恆	Unenduring
6.Vipariṇāma-dhammato	變易法	Subject to change
7. Asārakato	不實	Having no core
8. Vibhavato	無有	Subject to annihilation
9. Maraṇadhammato	死法	Subject to death
10. Saṅkhatato	有為	Formed

苦組有廿五個「-to」

There are twenty-five ß-toû in the suffering group

1. Dukkhato	苦	Suffering
2. Rogato	病	A disease
3. Aghato	惡	A calamity
4. Gaṇḍato	癰､瘡	A boil
5. Sallato	箭	A dart
6. Ābādhato	疾	An affliction
7. Upaddavato	禍	A disaster
8. Bhayato	怖畏	A terror
9. Ītito	難	A plague
10. Upassaggato	災	A menace
11. Atāṇato	非保護所	No protection
12. Aleṇato	非避難所	No shelter
13. Asaraṇato	非皈依處	No refuge
14. Vadhakato	殺戮者	Murderous
15. Aghamūlato	惡之根	The root of calamity
16. Ādīnavato	患	A danger
17. Sāsavato	有漏	Subject to taints
18. Mārāmisato	魔餌	Māra's bait
19. Jātidhammato	生法	Subject to birth
20. Jarādhammato	老法	Subject to aging
21. Byādhidhammato	病法	Subject to illness
22. Sokadhammato	愁法	Cause of sorrow
23. Paridevadhammato	悲法	Cause of lamentation
24. Upāyāsadhammato	惱法	Cause of despair
25. Saṁkilesadhammato	雜染法	Subject to defilement

無我組有五個「-to」

There are five ßtoû in the non-self group

1. Anattato	無我	Non-self
2. Suññato	空	Void
3. Parato	敵	Independent
4. Rittato	無	Empty
5. Tucchato	虛	Vain

DASA-UPAKKILESA十種隨煩惱

THE TEN IMPERFECTIONS OF INSIGHT

1. Obhāsa	光明	Light
2. Ñāṇa	智	Insight
3. Pīti	喜	Joy
4. Passaddhi	清安	Tranquillity
5. Sukha	樂	Bliss
6. Adhimokkha	勝解	Confidence
7. Paggaha	策勵	Effort
8. Upaṭṭhāna	現起	Mindfulness
9. Upekkhā	捨	Equanimity
10. Nikanti	欲	Attachment

回目錄

參考資料

1. 《智慧之光》；譯者：淨法比丘等

2. 《如實知見》；中譯者：第子合譯

3. 《菩提資糧》；中譯者：第子合譯

4. 《正念之道》；中譯者：第子合譯

5. 《去塵除垢》；中譯者：尋法比丘

6. 《禪修基本須知》；整理者：開恩法師

7. 《阿毗達摩概要精解》；中譯者：尋法比丘

8. 《緣起--第五法》中譯者：尋法比丘

9. 《Knowing and Seing》(如實知見)英語講述者：帕奧禪師

10. 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》(阿毗達摩概要精解)；著者：Bhikkhu Bodhi

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

回目錄

帕奧修程之巴~中~英文對照補充

Visuddhimagga《清淨道論》The Path of Purification

bhante尊者 venerable

kamma-tthana業處 meditation object

anapana-sati安般念(出入息念)mindfulness-of-breathing

assāsa-passāsa息breath

parimukkha人中(及上唇)upper lip

nāsāpuṭa鼻孔nostrils

sati覺知aware

sabhava-lakkhana自性相individual characteristics

samabba-lakkhana共相general characteristics

anicca 無常impermanent

dukkha 苦suffering

anattta 無我non-self

lakkhaṇa特徵(特相) characteristics

paññatti觀念､施設､概念､假名concept

nīvaraṇa五蓋five hindrances

kāmacchanda貪欲sensual desire

byāpāda(=vyāpāda)瞋恨ill-will

thina-middha昏沉睡眠sloth and torpor

kukkucca後悔remorse

uddhacca掉舉Restless妄念agitated

vicikicchā懷疑doubt

pañcindriyā五根five controlling faculties

saddha信faith

vīriya精進(英雄本色vīranaṁ bhavo) effort

sati念mindfulness

samādhi定concentration

paññā慧wisdom

satta bojjhaṅga 七覺支SEVEN FACTORS OF ENLIGHTENMENT

sati 念mindfulness

dhammavicaya 擇法investigation

viriya 精進(英雄本色vīranaṁ bhavo) effort

piti 喜joy

passadhi 輕安tranquillity

samādhi 定concentration

upekkha 捨(平等、旁觀)equanimity

nimitta相(禪相) sign

parikamma遍作(預備) preparatory

uggaha-nimitta取相taken-up sign(learning sign)

patibhaga-nimitta似相counterpart sign

upacara-samādhi近行access concentration

appana-samādhi安止absorption. concentration

bhavavga 有分life-continuum

jhana禪那concentration

jhanavga禪支JHĀNAS FACTORS

pañca 五five

vitakka 尋(專注於目標)applied thought

vicara 伺(繼續專注於目標)sustained thought

piti 喜(對「似相」的喜悅﹐屬於行蘊) joy

sukha 樂(樂受或體驗「似相」的快樂感受﹐屬於受蘊)bliss

ekaggata 一境性(對「似相」的心的專一)one-pointedness

paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ初禪first jhana(尋、伺、喜、樂、一境性)

dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ第二禪 second jhana(喜、樂、一境性)

tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ第三禪 third jhana(樂、一境性)

catutthaṁ jhānaṁ第四禪 forth jhana(一境性、捨upekkhā)

pañca vasi 五自在 (five) mastery

samapajjana vasi 入定自在attaining(有能力隨心所欲地在任何時候入定)

adhitthana vasi 住定(決意)自在resolving(有能力決定入禪的時間多久)

vutthana vasi 出定自在emerging(有能力依照自己決定的時刻出定)

avajjana vasi 轉向自在adverting(有能力在出定後以意門轉向心去省察禪支)

paccavekkhana vasi省察自在reviewing(有能力以速行心去省察禪支)

CATTĀRO MAHĀBHŪTĀ四大(界)分別觀 four element

dhātu 界element

paṭhavi 地Earth

āpo 水water

tejo 火fire

vāyo 風wind

lakkhaṇa 特相characteristics

1) kakkhalaṁ 硬hardness

2) pharusaṁ 粗roughness

3) garukaṁ 重heaviness

4) mudukaṁ 軟 softness

5) saṇhaṁ 滑smoothness

6) lahukaṁ 輕lightness

7) paggharaṇa 流動flowing

8) abandhana 黏結cohesion

9) uṇha 熱heat

10) sīta 冷coldness

11) vitthambhana 支持supporting

12) samudiraṇa 推動pushing

anupubbato次第in order

nātisīghato不太快not too fast

nātisaṇikato不太慢not too slow vikkhepapaṭibāhanato

kasina遍 (整遍)

lokiya-jhana世間禪mundane

lokuttara-jhana 出世間禪supramundane jhanas

rupa-jhana色界禪fine-material jhanas

arupa-jhana無色界禪immaterial jhanas

paramattha勝義(第一義)ultimate mentality-materiality

samatha奢摩他(止) tranquillity

vipassana 觀(毗婆舍那) insight knowledge

rupa kammaṭṭhāna【色業處】

rupa 色(物質) materiality

kalapa 色聚atom

ghana 密集continuity

santati 相續compactness

samūha 組合group

kicca 功用function

pasāda 淨色 transparent element

cakkhu 眼eye

sota 耳 ear

ghāna 鼻 nose

jivhā 舌tongue

kāya 身body

vaṇṇa 顏色Colour

gandho 香odour

raso 味taste

ojā 食素nutritive-essence

jīvita 命根life-faculty

dasaka 第十tenth

decad-kalāpa十法聚

bhāva 性根sex

cittaja-ojaṭṭhamaka-kalāpa心生(由心產生)食素八法聚nutritive-essence octad kalāpa(opaque and produced by consciousness)

utuja-ojaṭṭhamaka-kalāpa時節生(由時節產生)食素八法聚opaque and produced by temperature)

āhāraja食生produced by nutriment

nama名 (精神) mental

cetasika心所mental factor

hadaya-vatthu(hadaya-rūpa)心所依處 heart-base

mano-dvāravīthi意門心路mind-door-thought-process

mano-dvārāvajjana意門轉向心mind-door adverting

consciousness votthapanacitta確定心determining consciousness

phala-citta果心fruition consciousness

vipassanā-ñāṇa觀智insight-knowledges

magga-bana道智path knowledge

dasa parami十波羅蜜ten parami

¹ dāna布施giving

² sīla持戒morality

³ nekkhamma出離 (出離欲望) forsaking﹐giving up the world

⁴ paññā智慧(聞.思.修慧)wisdom

⁵ vīriya精進(英雄本色vīranaṁ bhavo) effort

⁶ khanti忍辱patience

⁷ sacca真實(不妄語) true

⁸ adhiṭṭhāna決意(不動搖己意)determination﹐ resolution

⁹ metta慈(增益眾生安樂)loving-kindness

¹⁰ upekkha捨(平等心､旁觀) equanity﹐indifference

tisso sikkha三學 three training

sila-sikkha 戒學training of virtuous

samādhi定學training of concentration

pabba-sikkha慧學 training of wisdom

ariya-aṭṭhaṅgika magga聖八正道noble eightfold path

sammādiṭṭhi正見right view,

sammāsaṅkappa正思惟right thought,

sammāvāca正語right speech

sammākammanta正業right action

sammā-ājīva正命right livelihood

sammāvāyāma正精進right effort

sammāsati正念 right mindfulness,

sammāsamādhi正定right concentration

jāti生birth

jarā老ageing

gilāna病sickness

maraṇa死death

samsara 輪迴round of rebirths

nirodha-samapatti滅盡定attainment of cessation

三顛倒three vipallasa (hallucination, delusion, erroneous observation)

sañña-vipallasa 想顛倒delusion of perception

(1)以無常為常it perceives impermanence as permanence. (2)以不淨為淨Impurity as purity (3)以不好為好ill as good (4)以無我為我no-soul as soul.

citta-vipallasa心顛倒delusion of thought

diṭṭhi-vipallassa見顛倒delusion of views

three maññanā 三思惟(思量)

[fantasy,imagination,feigning to oneself that one is what one is not]

1. taṇhā-maññanā渴愛思惟fantasy by lust [ desire of the senses ]

2. māna-maññanā慢思惟fantasy by conceit.

3. diṭṭhi-maññanā邪見思惟fantasy by error [in beliefs ]

two abhinivesa 二執持 [ strong belief set in the mind as stone pillars]

1. taṇhābhinivesa渴愛執持firm belief induced by lust.

2. diṭṭhibhinivesa渴愛執持firm belief induced by error.

two bhumi二地 [stages, where all creatures find their footing, generate and grow]

puthujjana-bhūmi 凡夫地ordinary being, with diṭṭhi-vipallassa[erroneous view ]

ariya-bhūmi 聖地 noble one, knows right view, right apprehension and right understanding.

二諦two truth

sammuti-sacca 世俗諦conventional or relative truth

paramattha-sacca勝義諦ultimate truth. the opposite to delusion.

ti-ñāṇa三慧three knowledge

1.sutamaya-ñāṇa聞所成慧knowledge aquired by learning.

2. cintamaya-ñāṇan 思所成慧knowledge aquired by reasoning.

3.bhāvanāmaya-ñāṇa修所成慧knowledge aquired by contemplation.

三遍知three pariññā [ profound knowledge.]

1. ñāta pariññā知遍知[autological knowledge]

由於名色分別智與緣攝受智，能夠清楚、明顯及正確知道作為觀禪目標的諸法，此二者亦名為「知遍知」

2. tīrāna pariññā 審察遍知（度遍知）[analytical knowledge]

「思惟智」和「生滅隨觀智」的作用是審察與辨明一切名色法及其諸因的無常、苦與無我三相。此二智亦被稱為「審察遍知」。

3. pahāna pariññā斷遍知 [dispelling knowledge]

從「壞滅隨觀智」（bhaṅga ñāṇa）開始的觀智，只看到一切名色法及其諸因的壞滅，和這些法的無常、苦與無我三相。由於應斷的煩惱於此暫時受到觀智斷除，所以它們亦名為「斷遍知」。

回目錄

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[1] 即：硬、粗、流動、支持、推動等。

[2] 無常(anicca)、苦(dukkha)、無我(anatta)的性質。

[3] 你會發現對敬愛者與對親愛者的慈心變成相等，你可以將他們合為一類。於是只剩下四類人，即：你自己；喜愛者；中庸者；怨敵。

[4] 將慈愛遍滿到十方，而每一方有四十八方式，總共就有480種（10x48）方式。當我們加上前述的四十八種時，總共有五百二十八種（480 + 48）遍滿慈愛的方式。

[5] 修行一百三十二種遍滿悲憫的方法，即：五類不限定

的遍滿、七類限定的遍滿與一百二十類方向的遍滿﹙5＋7（10 x 12）＝ 132﹚。這與修行慈心觀時所用的方法相同。

[6] 時節生食素八法聚及食生食素八法聚相同於心生食素八法聚。

[7] 二禪的前五者於初禪相似，禪那速行（除尋、伺）；三禪的前五者於初禪相似，禪那速行（除尋、伺、喜）；四禪的禪那速行（除尋、伺、喜，以「捨」取代「樂」）

[8] 以白遍為例。

[9] 識＝「擁有」那白遍似相。（根據疏鈔所說的jānanaṁ nāma upaladdhi）

[10] 觸＝接觸白遍似相（相）；觸＝把白遍似相和似「連接」起來（作用）。

[11] 受＝體驗白遍似相之可喜。（這是初禪的樂受）。