2009.5.(增訂中)

 

(請用foreign1字型) (已改為 Unicode, 2016.01.12)

巴利字根

梵語動字根


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語表···············10

A······································1

Ā································· 128

I ·································· 156

Ī ································· 164

U································· 165

Ū ································ 205

E ································· 206

O·································· 213

K·································· 224

Kh································ 274

G ································· 284

Gh································ 299

··································· 302

C·································· 302

Ch································ 319

J··································· 323

Jh································· 335

ñ··································· 337

·································· 338

h································ 339

·································· 340

h································ 341

 

································· 341

T································· 341

Th······························· 363

D································· 367

Dh······························· 392

N································· 401

P·································· 440

Ph································ 542

B·································· 547

Bh································ 563

M································· 586

Y ································· 623

R·································· 634

L·································· 649

·································· 658

V·································· 658

S··································· 729

H·································· 846

································· 858

二十七宿 ··················· 859

古印度份巴利文名稱861

  紙本索取:················  Balik Pulau Buddhist Hermitage,

  471-A, Mukim, 4, Balik Itam, 11000

  Balik Pulau, Penang, West Malaysia

  E-mailbpbh@po.jaring.my

 

http://www.saigon.com/~anson/ebud/dict-pe/

 

http://dsal.uchicago.edu/

 

http://www.samadhi-buddha.org/Item006/Pali_Han_Dama.html

Concise Pāḷi-English Dictionary

A.P.Buddhadatta Mahāthera 原著

大馬比丘Mahāñāṇo 漢譯   明法比丘 繼續編輯

ñ  ā   ī  ū

本詞典略語表

【形】形容詞 (adj. adjetive)

【獨】獨立詞﹑絕對體﹑連續體(ger. gerund, absolutive, continuous)

【副】副詞 (adv. adverb)

【過】(不定)過去式 (aorist)

【合】複合詞 (compounds)

【連】連詞 (conjunction)

【使】使役詞 (caus.causative)

【陰】陰性﹑雌性(f. feminine)

【義】義務分詞(grd. gerundive,

participle of necessity= 未來被動分詞 fpp. future passive participle)

【派】派生動詞﹑名動詞 (denom. denominative verb

(自名詞或形容詞派生出來的動詞))

示意動詞 (desid. desiderative)

【歎】感歎詞 (interj. interjection)

【無】無格式變化詞 (ind. indeclinable不變

      化詞,包括︰副詞adverb﹑介辭prep.﹑連接詞conj.﹑感嘆詞interj.﹑不定詞inf.﹑連續體ger.)

【不】不定詞 (inf. infinitive)

【陽】陽性﹑雄性(m. masculine)

【中】中性詞 (n. neuter)

【命】命令式 (imp. imperative)

【擬】擬聲構詞 (onometopoetie verb)

【祈】祈願動詞 (opt. optative=pot.)

【被】被動詞 (pass. passive)

【潛】潛在動詞 (pot. potensive (or potenrial participle)=opt.)

【過】過去分詞 (pp. past participle)

【現】現在分詞 (ppr. peresent participle)

【介】介詞 (prep. preposition)

【數】數字 (num. number)

【序】序數 (ordinal)

【反】反義字 (opposite)

【反照】(medium=reflexive)

【過完】(完全)過去時態動詞

        (preterit verb)

<   來自 (come from)

/   ( or )

=  等於 (equal to)

【三】有三個性詞 (of the three genders)

【三單】陽性、中性、陰性單數

【代】代詞 (pron. pronoun)

【單】單數 (s. singular)

【複】複數 (p. plural)

1】第一人稱 (first person)

2】第二人稱 (second person)

3】第三人稱 (third person)

【主】主格 (Nom. nominative)

【賓】賓格 (Acc.accusative受格、業格)

【呼】呼格 (Voc.vocative)

【工】工具格 (Ins. instrumental具格)

【與】與格 (Dat. dative為ㄨㄟˋ)

【離】離格 (Abl. ablative從格、來源格)

【屬】屬格 (Gen. Genitive屬格、領屬格)

【處】處格 (Loc. locative處所格)

【分】分詞 (participle)

【現】現在式 (pr. present)(同現在進行式)

【未】未來式 (fut. future)

【未被】未來被動分詞、義務分詞

      (fpp. or grd. gerundive)

【動】動詞 (v. verb)

【名】名詞 (n. noun)

【疑代】疑問代()

        (interrogative pronoun)

【關】關係代名詞(rp. relative pronoun)

 

【字根I.~VII.】字根、第一~七類動詞

 C.=commentary(注解書)

 

【梵】梵文。【新巴】新巴利文。

 

(case)

1.主格(paccattavacana, prathamānominative)

2.呼格(,sambodhanavocative)  …!

3.業格(受格、對格upayogavacana﹐梵dvitīyāaccusative受格)

1.(受詞)  2.(副詞)

4.具格(工具格karaavacana﹐梵titīyainstrumental)

1.2.3.…(下接pp. pass.)4.5.

5.從格(離格nissakkavacana﹐梵pañcamīablative)

1.… 2.由於  3.

6.與格(為ㄨㄟˋsampadānavacana﹐梵caturthīdative)

1.… 2.(ㄨㄟˋ)…(下接業格)

7.屬格(所有格sāmivacana﹐梵śaśṭhīgenitive)  的。

(屬格可作「名詞性動作」(分詞、動作名詞)之「動作者」)

8.處格(bhummavacana﹐梵saptamīlocative)

1.… 2.… 3.之中 4.…[] 5.…[]

 

Saddanītippakaraa(CS:p.83)Tatrapaccattavacana nāma tividhaligavavatthānagatāna itthipumanapusakāna paccattasabhāvaniddesattho. Upayogavacana nāma yo ya karoti, tena tadupayuttaparidīpanattho. Karaavacana nāma tajjāpakatanibbattakaparidīpanattho. Sampadānavacana nāma tappadānaparidīpanattho. Nissakkavacana nāma tannissaatadapagamaparidīpanattho. Sāmivacana nāma tadissaraparidīpanattho. Bhummavacana nāma tappatiṭṭhāparidīpanattho. Āmantanavacana nāma tadāmantanaparidīpanattho. Eva ñatvā payogāni asammuyhantena yojetabbāni.(呼格。)

 

動詞(verb)

1.未來式(future) 

2.imp.( imperative命令式)

  (1人稱)

  (2人稱)  1.  2.…!

  (3人稱)  1.但願  2.…!

  3.opt.(optative願望式)  1.… 2.… 3.可以… 4.想要

  4.pass.(passive被動式) 

  5.caus.(causative使役動詞)  使

  6.ger. ( gerund連續體、絕對分詞、不變化分詞) 

7.inf.(infinitive不定詞)  1.  2.  3.

8.ppr.( peresent participle active現在主動分詞) 1.正在…[] 2.正在

9.現在被動分詞( peresent participle passive) 1.正在被…[] 2.正在被

10.pp. (past participle過去分詞) 1.已被  2.

11.grd.(gerundive未來被動分詞) 1.()… 2.能被… 3.必須被

4.… 5.… 6.

 

六釋梵語是sat-samāsah意譯,指複合詞的六種構造法。一曰依主釋,又作屬主釋、依士釋,梵文是tat—purusa,指前後有格位元關係,如山寺是山之寺,王臣是王之臣。二曰有財釋,又作多財釋,梵文是bahu-Vrīhi,指作形容詞使用的複合詞,如疲倦”“喜笑的。三曰持業釋,又作同依釋,梵文是karma-dhāraya,前部分象狀語或同位元、表示比較等,如很舒服”“非常遠”“雪白。四曰相違釋,梵文是dvamdva,是並列複合詞,如妻子”“山川草木。五曰鄰近釋,梵文是avyayī-bhāva爲副詞複合詞,如時刻”“一生一世。六曰帶數釋,梵文是dvigu,前者爲數詞,如三界”“四方

八轉聲,指梵語名詞(包括代詞、形容詞)的八種格的變化。一直指陳聲,指主格(nirde),又名體格;二作業聲,指賓格(upadesane),又名業格;三作具聲,指具(工具)(kartrkarane),又名作格;四所爲聲,指爲格(sāmpradānike),又名與格;五所因聲,是從格(apādāne),又名奪格;六所屬聲,是屬格(svāmivacane),又名所有格;七所依聲,是位格(samnidhānārthe),又名於格。此七格稱爲七例聲七例句;再加呼格(āmantrane),共稱八轉聲

 

巴利語字母(akkharā)順序

8個母音 (sarā)

a  ā  i  ī  u  ū  e  o

 

33個子音 (byañjanā)

k  kh g        gh     

c  ch  j         jh       ñ

   h          h     

t   th  d        dh      n

p  ph b        bh   m

y  r  l  v  s  h   

 

  巴利文發音

 

 

音位

                    

單母音

雙母音

        鼻音

氣音、

半母音

擦音

a  ā

ㄜㄚ-

 

k

kh

g

*

gh

*

,*

h 氣音

 

i   ī

-

e

c

,

ch

j

jh

ㄓㄏ

ñ

ㄋㄧ

y 半母音

 

捲舌音

 

 

h

d

h

ㄌㄏ

r  流音

 

 

 

t

th

d

dh

ㄌㄏ

n

l  流音

s

u  ū

-

o

p

ph

b

*

bh

*

m

v 半母音

 

                    

 

顎音:舌面前碰上硬顎。

捲舌音:舌頭捲上,觸及上顎中間附近。

齒音:舌尖頂齒齦。

唇音:上唇碰下唇。流音:舌頭振作。

2. “ * ”表示以台灣話發音(較接近) 

3. “ - ” 表長音。以台語標的長音,以台語八音的第二音表示。

4. 巴利文(羅馬拼音轉寫)字母‘k’與羅馬字母‘k’相同,但是近似英語音標‘g’的音。

5. 巴利文字本身就是音標,只要學會了每個字的發音,就能拼讀出各種巴利文單字和語句的發音。

6. 巴利文的羅馬音標字母下面有.符號標注的都是卷舌音。

7. c, ch = 清輔音,發音時聲帶不振動,等於第一聲調(陰平),發音比較清脆。

j,jh =濁輔音,發音時聲帶振動,等於第二聲調(陽平),發音比較沈悶。

 

  【凡 例】

   略語注明:在一個【 】中,有時會有好幾個略語注明;例如:

  【潛.1.單】,即是指那個詞是【潛在語氣,第一人稱,單數】。

 

~版權所有 翻印贈送 不必問過 隨意分享~

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

在漢語界的南傳佛教裡,若想要學習巴利文,要找一本巴利語法課本實在很難;那要覓本巴漢詞典更不用說。爲了大家和自己在學習巴利語法上的方便,本納盡所能將大長者 A.P.Buddhadatta Mahāthera 的簡略巴英詞典翻譯過來。希望本詞典對你學習巴利語法上有所幫助。

本納想借此向所有出錢出力的佛教徒表示感激。尤其是黃文華居士,由於本納沒有連接網際托他上網尋覓資料,聽說他爲了這些資料就時常漏夜上網至淩晨,真是難得。黃順明居士經常載本納到處去覓資料,也帶本納到他家去上網找資料。他並充當攝影師到處去拍攝植物照相。何宗衛居士也被托過尋些植物資料。曾敏懷居士、蔡永申居士和蔡平輝居士時常充當攝影師到處去拍攝植物照相。本納的電腦器材大多數都是一群 Upekkha 佛友所提供的。何秋燕居士也出了不小的數目來提升本納的電腦。尤其是在 2004 年本納的電腦器材大多數由腦環桐電腦資訊培育中心的陳淑妘居士所提供,不是免費,就是底價。星期三佈施組的佛友在幕後出錢添加電腦器材。在很久以前,本納開始翻譯這本詞典當時,曾托鄭美麗居士、郭明仁居士和他們的好友幫助翻譯;鄭美麗居士和郭明仁居士也幫助翻譯了不少。林昌賦居士經常下班後載本納到他的騰達電腦有限公司去上網尋找資料。黃發寶居士贈送他的電子照相機方便到處去攝影資料照相。何亞炎居士贈送一副電池與充電器。張森榮居士提供〈中國古星圖〉使本詞典能取得完整的二十八星宿(ㄒㄧㄡˋ)資料(編按:本附加資料站占份量,刪除)。浮羅山背的亞居士也用他的電子照相機與手提電腦幫忙錄取一些植物資料(編按:刪除)。還有很多居士好友在幫助攝取資料和器材,在此感激大家的幫忙,才能完成這本詞典。本詞典有錄取從網頁取得的照相,那些照相的版權乃是他人所擁有的;爲了方便大家容易明白植物與星宿的名字,在此借助他們的照相,版權還是他們的。未向他們申請許可,已在此應用他們的照相,希望他們能夠體諒,而允許使用他們的照相。

 

                        (馬來西亞)大馬比丘 Mahāñāṇo, 2004.10.27.

 


 

 

在這本詞典裡,巴利語的動詞是以第三人稱時態的詞形。若【過】和【過】的詞形有異,本詞典都有提供兩者的詞形。當【過】與動詞本身有著不同的意義,或難以分辨其詞素的來源時,本詞典也會另外提供【過】的意義。若普通的【獨】詞綴是 tvā tvāna 在此就省略,若有特別的詞綴,如:nikkhamma, pahāya, ucchijja 等時,就會另外提供其詞形;請別誤會這些詞素就沒有 tvā tvāna 詞綴的詞形。

P.T.S.的巴利語-英語詞典中有一些詞素的詞尾是輔音字母的,例: satthar, pitar, Brahman。由於沒有一位巴利語文法家曾經採用這類寫法,在此就不跟這樣詞根寫法。所有的詞根的詞尾都是母音或鼻音。

詞尾是 ta 的次要派生詞都包括在【陰】裡。它等也有【中】的詞尾是 tta ttana 的;本詞典爲了省略一個詞只提供一種詞形,即 ta tta 而已。

詞尾是 i 的【陽】名詞的【陰】詞素的詞尾是 inī,例: hatthi — hatthinī。許多詞尾是 a 的【陽】名詞的【陰】詞素的詞尾是 ī,而並不是 inī,例: kāka(烏鴉), miga(鹿、野獸), nāga(龍、蛇) 等。

【陽】

【陰】

kāka

kākī

miga

migī

nāga

nāgī

 

有一些詞尾是 a 的【陽】名詞的【陰】詞素的詞尾是 ā ānī

 

【陽】

【陰】

khattiya

khattiyā; khattiyānī

mātula

mātulānī

 

詞尾是 vantu mantu 詞形的形容詞的【陰】詞素的構型是以 ī 替換 u,有時尾碼中的 n 會被省略。

 

【陽】

【陰】

gunavantu

gunavantī; gunavatī

satimantu

satimantī; satimatī

 

【現】有兩種詞形,一個詞尾是 nta,另一個是 māna。詞尾是 nta 的【陰】詞尾是以 ī 替換 a;而詞尾是

 māna 的【陰】詞尾是以 ā 替換 a

【陽】

【陰】

gacchanta

gacchantī

pacamāna

pacamānā

 

這些的【中】詞素跟【陽】的是相似的。

有些初步派生詞,如: dāyaka 的【陰】詞素的構型是以 ikā 替換 aka

 

【陽】

【陰】

dāyaka

dāyikā

ārocaka

ārocikā

pācaka

pācikā

 

A.P.BUDDHADATTA

(大馬比丘 )

CPED是一部提供學生使用的「簡明辭典」,Buddhadatta長老在編寫這部辭典時曾參考PTS版巴英辭典(PED),但在許多地方,對於語詞的解析以及詞義的判定,他更傾向於根據巴利注釋書的解釋,而不同意PED的看法。此外,有關動詞的字根,此辭典一律採用巴利字根形式,不像PED採用梵語字根。

 

 

參考:http://www.buddhism-dict.net/ddb/


A

 

a, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第一個母音字母。發音好像漢語中去聲的 a

a-1,【字首】 ā 在雙子音之前的短化。例子:akkosati (ā+kruś)責駡,akkhāti (ā+khyā), abbahati (ā+bh)名詞、形容詞和分詞的否定字首,1. 2. 3. 4.(a+【過)。例子: na+kusala = akusala(不善); 一些過去式和條件語氣的詞素的增加字首。例子akāsi(造作了)

a-2 (An- 加在母音之前) (吠陀語(Vedic) a-, an-;印歐(Idg.= Indo-Germanic) * n̊, gradation form to *ne (see na2); 希臘文(Gr.) ά, άn-拉丁語(Lat.) *en-, in-哥德語(Goth.)古高地德語(Ohg.) & 盎格魯撒克遜語(Ags.) un-古愛爾蘭語(Oir.) an-, in-)【字首】否定句的部份,加字首到(1)名詞、形容詞。(2)動詞(verbal forms)--無論是不變化詞(particle)獨立詞(gerund連續體、絕對體)、未來被動分詞(gerundive)、或不定詞(infinitive); (3)限定動詞(finite verbal)。在結合字裡兩個相同的子音,第二個子音是同化的型式(assimilated form)(如:appaticchavin)。在意義上,它等於na-, nir-, vi-, -a-(-â-)複製的型式,如:bhavâ-bhava(存在或不存在)

a-3(Vedic a-),【字首】擴增(augment)加在過去式(preterite, aorist)、條件式(conditional tenses),在散文(prose)中通常省略。a-當做某些代名詞的語基,如:-ato, -attha, -asu etc.

a-4 the sound a (a-kāra)

-a  (名詞語基)[-a語基]男性、中性的主格單數語尾 -e、以及呼格單數語尾 -e,一般認為這是借自摩揭陀語 (Māgadhī),而稱之為「摩揭陀語形」(Māgadhisms,或「摩揭陀語的殘餘」(參看Geiger, A Pāli Grammar, PTS Oxford 1994, §80.)摩揭陀語具有異於巴利語的三項特徵:(1)主格單數語尾-e而非-o(2) 巴利語的r在摩揭陀語是l(3) 巴利語的s在摩揭陀語是ś)主格單數語尾 -e的用法並非僅限於東部方言(J.Brough, The Gāndhārī Dharmapada, London 1962, §76.)。陽性名詞字尾a,變成陰性名詞改為-ā, - ī。另有陽性名詞字尾,+-(ā)nī,變成陰性名詞;陽性名詞字尾-vat, -vant, -mat, -mant, -ssin, -vin, -in-ī變成陰性名詞。

a-﹐【字首】作為過去式(past tense)的字首擴增。如︰語基 paca = to cook煮,(So) apaci, paci他已煮了。

-a﹐【結尾】。

-amha(-amhase)  aor.1st.pl. 如:akamha 我們曾做

-āna  1.m.n.f.pl.Dat.Gen.buddhāna 對諸佛、諸佛的

       2.ppr.stem  karāna= kubbāna正在做

-anīya (nīya) grd.stem  gamanīya

-attha(-ttha) 1.aor.2pl.akattha 你們曾做。2.aor.3sg.adattha 他曾給()

-āpaya- (-āpe-) caus.stem  kārāpaya-= kārāpe-被做

-aya- (= -e-)   caus.stem  kāraya- 使做。denom.stem  kāmaya-

-āya               f.sg.inst.Abl.Dat.Gen.Loc.kaññāya少女

-āya- (= -e-)  denom.stem  piyāya

-cca (-tya)  ger.        kacca 做了之後

-ema (-emu)   opt.1pl.  dakkhema 願我們見

-ena            m.n.sg.inst. buddhena 以佛陀

-etha           opt.3rd sg., med.kubbetha 願他做

-eyya                    1.grd.stem labheyya=labbha 應被得

                    2.opt.3sg. kareyya 願他做

-eyyāma               opt.1pl.  kareyyāma 願我們做

-ha- (-hi-)           fut.stem  kāha- 將做  hahi- 將笑

-ima (-imha, -imhā) aor.1pl.labhima 我們曾得

-imha (-ima)        aor.1pl.   āsihma 我們曾有

-issa-                    fut.stem   karissa- 將做

-ittha 1.aor.2nd.pl.āsittha 你們曾有。2.aor.3.med.pucchittha 他曾問

-iya-,-īya- (-iyya-) 1.pass.stem kariya, karīya 被做

                2.denom.stem  samādhiya 入定

-īya(-iya-,-iyya-)1.pass.stem gahīya被取﹑cīya被積

                        2.denom.stem  puttīya- 愛子

-ma        1.pres.1pl. karoma我們做, gacchāma我們去

            2.fut.1pl. karissāma 我們將做

            3.imper.1pl. karoma 我們令做

-māna  ppr.stem  kurumāna 正在做

-na (-a)     pp. stem dinna 已施, hina 已捨, khīa已盡

-nta        ppr.stem  karonta 正在做

-paya- = -pe-

-simha                  aor.1pl. aggahesimha 我們曾取

-sittha                   aor.2pl. akāsittha 你們曾做

-ssa      1.(-assa) m.n.sg.Dat.Gen.buddhassa對佛、佛的

2.cond.2sg.3sg.akarissa如果做 abhavissa如果有

-ssa-       fut.stem  karissa- 將做 gamissa-將去

-ssatha        1.fut.2pl.karissatha 你們將做。

2.cond.3sg.med.alabhissatha如果他得到

-ssāma        1.fut.1pl.  karissāma 我們將做

               2.cond.1pl. āgamissāma 如果我們將來

-ta               pp. stem   kata 已做,  gata 已去

-tabba        grd.stem  kātabba =kattabba應被做、能被做、應、能

-tāya grd.stem  lajjitāya 應羞恥

-tha   1.pres.2.pl.karotha 你們做。2.fut.2pl.karissatha 你們將做

          3.imp.2pl.karotha 請你們做。4.aor.2pl.adatha你們曾做

          5.aor.3sg.med.apucchatha 他曾問

-tūna                ger.  kātūna 做了之後

-tvāna (-tvā)        ger.  katvāna 做了之後

-tya (-cca)  ger.  kacca 做了之後

-va  -a

-ya   1.ger. kariya=kiriya做了之後  janīya知道了之後

2.grd.stem kāriya=kiriya 應被做  vajja 應被說

-ya-   1.pass.stem  ñāya 被知 ahya-(-ayha) 被燒

         2.denom.stem  namassa-(=namasya-) 禮敬

asa1(Vedic asa),【陽】【中】1.肩,肩膀台語:肩胛頭。2.一部份,一邊。II.【陽】切割面。asakūṭa﹐【中】肩部(shoulder prominence, the shoulder)asavaṭṭaka,【中】肩帶(a shoulder strap)ase karoti, 放在肩上(to put on the shoulder)asa=koṭṭhāsa(DA I.312),【陽】部份,一分。mettāsa= mettasa(sharing friendship (with) It.22)atīt’ase,從前,以前的。ekena asena …ekena asena﹐一邊一邊。ekasa 【形】一邊。paccasena﹐依照每人的分享。

asa2,【陽】【中】角落、邊緣(point, corner, edge)caturasa, 四角落、四邊。chaasa, 六邊。aṭṭhasa, 八邊。

asi(= asa2)(Vedic aśri, aśra, aśani)﹐【陰】角落,邊緣。

asu(aṁśu (Halāyudha) a ray of light),【陽】光線,線(a thread)asaka,【中】布料。asumālī,【陽】太陽。

-aka, 陽性名詞字尾。陰性名詞變成-ikā

akasu(karoti‘的【3..過】)﹐他們已作。

akakkasa (a+kakkasa粗暴) 【形】無粗暴。

akaa, akata(a+kaa),【過1.不做(not made),不是人造作(not artificial)2.非造作、自然(natural)

akaayūsa(a+kaa造作+yūsa果汁)﹐【陽】天然的汁液(natural juice)

akataññū,【形】I.忘恩負義(a+kataññū知恩)II.【形】知未被作(akata未作【過+ññū知【形】)

akathakathā +kathakathā疑問),【陰】無疑問。

akathakathin (a+kathakathin疑問【形】),【形】無疑問。

akathinatā,【形】不僵硬的狀態

akaiṭṭha(a+kaiṭṭha最年輕的),【形】無最年輕的,阿迦膩迦(),色究竟(),有頂()(=bhavagga)Vibhv.PTS:p.126Pañcamatalavāsino pana ukkaṭṭhasampattikattā natthi etesa kaniṭṭhabhāvoti akaniṭṭhā.(第五層住者,(個個)達到高峰,沒有最年輕的狀態,為阿迦膩迦())

akaha (a+kaha黑暗),【形】非黑暗。

akaika (a+kaa糠粉+ika (形容詞化)),【形】無黑痣。

akappiya (a+kappiya合適),【形】不合適。

akampiya(grd.of a-+kampati),【形】不搖動的。akampiyatta【中】不動搖、堅固性(the condition of not being shaken, stableness)

akaraa (a+karaa),【中】不作。

akaraṇīya (a+karaṇīya作【未被】),【未被】不作。

akaraṇīya,【義】1.不應該做的,不適合的。2.【中】不合適的行動。

akarissa(<karoti) , 如果做(cond.2sg.3sg.)

akaronta(a+karont作【現),【現】不做,不操作。

akalu (cp.agalu)﹐膏藥(an ointment)

akasira(a+kasira困苦),【形】無困苦。

akāca(=akācin)(a+kāca),【形】無瑕的(flawless, not of glass or quartz)=akācin【形】。

akāmaka,【形】不願意。

akāla(a+kāla時宜),【陽】不適當的時間,不恰當的時機,非時,不合時,不及時,非暫時。【形】非時宜,不合時節。

akālika(a+kālika),不待時的,不受時間限制的,不遲滯的,即時的。(無時的,Vism.216)

akāsi(karoti 3.過】),做了,造作了,或運行了。tathā akāsi﹐遵照辦理。

akiccakāra(a+kicca+kāra) 【形】1.不履行自己的責任;做不應該做的。2.無效的() (ineffective (of medicine))

akiccha(a+kiccha困難),【形】無困難。

akiriya(a+kiriya作【陰】),【中】直譯:無作。非實用的、無智(not practical, unwise, foolish)

akiriyavāda,【陽】業無果報的理論無作見akiriyadiṭṭhi﹐【陰】無作見,認為業是不能產生果報,一切業都是無效的SA.22.62./II,279.“Karoto na karīyati pāpan”ti gahitattā akiriyavādā.(無作論︰惡無被作,取名為無作論。)

akiñcana(a+kiñcana任何),【形】無所有(having nothing)

akilāsu,【形】不疲倦的,活躍的。

akissava, 無智者(Nettivibhāvinī, CS:p.287.akissava apaññanti.)

akukkucca (a+kukkucca錯誤作),【形】無錯誤作。

akuppa (a+kuppa(<kup使激動)‘動搖的【未被】),【未被】不動搖。

akusala (a+kusala),【形】【中】不善。

akutobhaya (a+kuto從何處?+bhaya恐懼),【形】無所恐懼。

akuila,【形】正直的,誠實的,不彎曲的。

akutobhaya,【形】諸方皆安全。

akuppa(a=kuppagrd. of kup, cp. BSk. akopya),【形】不動(not to be shaken),不爲所動(immovable)(AA.5.95.)akuppanti arahatta(不動:阿羅漢(的狀態)) akopetabba, 【義】不可動(akopetabbata, Sp.Pārā.I,243.)

akuppatā,【陰】不動性(“state of not being shaken”,特別指涅槃’)

akusala,【中】1.孽,罪。2.壞行爲。【形】不善的。

akuhaka,【形】不騙人的。【陽】不欺騙。

akovida (a+kovida熟知),【形】不熟知,不聰明的。

akosalla,【形】不善的,不善巧的。akosallasambhūta,【形】不善巧所生的。MA.9./I,198.akosallappavattiyā akusala veditabba.(不善的發生,當知為不善的。)

akka(arka),【陽】1.太陽。2.牛角瓜(Calotropis Giganteaswallow-wort一種大灌木),有白色和淡紫色的花,在夏威夷用作項圈和泰國用作花圈)

akkanta(akkamati 的【過)1.踏過,踩過。2.抑制過。

akkandati(ā+kand(krand)哭泣+a), 悲歎(to lament, wail),哭(cry)akkandi, akkandana,【過.中】悲歎。

akkamati (ā+kam(kram)邁大步走+a), 1.行走或踏在(to tread upon, to approach)2.攻擊(attack)akkami, 【過】。akkamma, 【獨】。akkanta, 【過

akkamana(cp. BSk. ākramaa), 【中】走近、接近、踏在(going near, approaching, stepping upon, walking to)

akkuṭṭha, (akkosati 的【過) 已臭駡(being reviled, scolded, railed at)

akuppadhamma , 不動法者。Pug.Katamo ca puggalo akuppadhammo?  Idhekacco puggalo lābhī hoti rūpasahagatāna vā arūpasahagatāna vā samāpattīna. So ca kho nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī; yatthicchaka yadicchaka yāvaticchaka samāpajjatipi vuṭṭhātipi. Aṭṭhānameta anavakāso ya tassa puggalassa pamādamāgamma tā samāpattiyo kuppeyyu--aya vuccati puggalo “akuppadhammo”. Sabbepi ariyapuggalā ariye vimokkhe akuppadhammā.(什麼人是不動法者呢?在這裡有一種人是得到諸色俱行或無色俱行定行者,他既是隨欲得、容易得、順利得,又能在喜歡的地方、喜歡的方法及喜歡的時間(隨意)入定和出定。對於那個人來說,因為放逸的原因,那些定會搖動,這種情況不會有機會,這個人被稱為:「不動法者」。所有的聖人在聖解脫中都是不動法者。)

akkocchi, (akkosati 的【過】)已臭駡。

akkosa(ā+kruś = kruñc, see kuñca & koñca2),【陽】侮辱(abuse),臭駡(shouting at),責備(insult, reproach)akkosavatthu,責備事。Dasa akkosavatthūni,十種責備事。(Vin.V,139; J I.191; SnA 364, 467; DhA I.212; IV.2.)akkosanta na paccakkosati, rosanta na pairosati, bhaṇḍanta na paibhaṇḍati.(被罵而不反罵,被瞋怒而不報以瞋怒,被議論而不反以爭論。)

akkosaka,【陽】【形】侮辱的人。

akkosati (ā+kus(kruś)大叫+a), 臭駡,辱駡,責駡。akkosi,【過】。akkositvā,【獨】。

akkha1(Vedic aka),【中】感覺器官。【陽】輪軸(the axle of a wheel) akkhachinna, akkhabhaggaakkhabhañjana﹐輪軸壞了。

akkha2(Vedic aka),【中】骰子(a die)anakkha﹐非賭徒(one who is not a gambler)kūṭakkha﹐老千、賭棍、騙子( a false player, sharper, cheat)akkha-dhutta,睹徒。

akkha3(akkhi),有眼(having eyes, with eyes)

akkha4(Vedic aka),【中】紅果欖仁樹(東印度的一種重要的喬木 (Terminalia belerica),用其種仁可以榨油,從它的果實可提取染料和丹寧,也是「三果粉」(Triphala churna)的三種成份之一(另外兩種為︰amatā餘甘子、abhayā訶子);樹皮可提取樹膠)

akkha5,等於廿格令的重量 (1.4)(akkha 【合】例如:visālakkha, sahassakkha 來自詞素 akkhi = )

akkhaka(akkha1 + ka),【中】鎖骨(the collar-bone)adhakkhaka, 鎖骨以下。

akkhaa(a+khaṇa, BSk.akṣaṇa),【陽】不適當的時間、非時節(wrong time, bad luck, misadventure, misfortune)akkhaṇā,【陰】閃電。akkhaavedhī,【陽】射箭快如閃電,或所射出之箭只輕擦目標的箭手。aṭṭha akkhaṇā(aṣṭāvkaṇāḥ)﹐八難ㄋㄢˊ(八無暇﹐8 non conducive factors):梵行住(brahmacariyavāsāya)有八難:如來出現於世,1此人生於地獄(nirayanarakāḥ)2畜生(tiracchānayonitirayañca)3餓鬼道(pettivisayapretāḥ)4長壽天(dīghāyuka devanikāyadīrghāyuo)5生於邊國無知之夷狄中(paccantimesu janapadesu paccājātopratyanta-janapadam)6雖生於中國(majjhimesu janapadesu paccājāto),然有邪見(micchādiṭṭhiko)、顛倒見(viparītadassano)7雖生於中國,然為無慧(duppañño)、癡呆(jao)、啞羊(eamūgo)而不能知善說、惡說之義(appaibalo subhāsitadubbhāsitassa atthamaññātuzindriya-vāikalyam)8此人生於中國,有慧(paññavā)、無癡呆(ajao)、無啞羊(aneamūgo),能知善說、惡說之義(paibalo subhāsitadubbhāsitassa atthamaññātu;梵mithyā-darśanam),但如來不出現於世(tathāgatānām anutpād)。見:A.8.29.Akkhaa()cf.《增壹阿含42.1經》(T2.747a)《中阿含124經》八難經(T1.613a)

akkhata (pp. of a + kan轉動, cp. parikkhata1),【形】毫髮無傷地,不受傷(unhurt, without fault)

akkhadassa(cp. Sk. akadarśaka),【陽】莊家,裁判員,法官(one who looks at (i. e. examines) the dice, an umpire, a judge)

akkhadhutta,【形】好賭。【陽】賭徒(one who has the vice of gambling)

akkhanti (a+khanti忍耐),【陰】無忍耐。

akkhaya(a + khaya, ki擁有),【形】不變的,不變質的(not decaying)。【中】不變。

akkhara(Vedic akara),【中】1.(巴利文)字母(alphabet)2.固定,持久(constant, durable, lasting)akkharaphalaka,【陽】寫字的板。akkhara amaya,【陽】寫作和閱讀的科學。(巴利文)字母順序︰Ta yathā-a ā-i ī-u ū-e o, ka kha ga gha a, ca cha ja jha ña, a ha a ha a, ta tha da dha na, pa pha ba bha ma, ya ra la va sa ha a a-iti.(see Bālāvatāra)

akkharikā,【陰】猜字(台語︰臆謎猜)(“letter game”, recognising syllables written in the air or on one’s back); but all Indian letters of that date were syllables)

akkhāta (pp. of akkhāti),已宣佈。

akkhātar,【陽】講述者(one who relates, a speaker, preacher, story-teller)

akkhāti(ā+khāyati<khyā看起來;cp. Sk. ākhyāti,),宣佈,講述,聲明(to declare, announce, tell)akkhāsi(= ācikkhi),3.過】。akkhāhi,2..命】。akkhāta,【過】。akkhāyati被講述是,【被】。akkhissati , 【未】。akkhissa, 【條】。ācikkhati, Intensive or Frequentative.

akkhātu, akkhāyī,【陽】陳述的人,教士。

akkhāna(Sk. ākhyāna),【中】報告,講述者(one who relates, a speaker, preacher, story-teller)。有時讀作:ākhyāna

akkhāyika,【形】講述(relating, narrating)

akkhāyin,【形】講述(telling, relating, announcing)

akkhi(cp. Sk. īkate, kaa, pratīka, anīka),【中】眼睛。akkhikūpa,【陽】眼窩(the socket of the eye)akkhitārā,【陰】瞳孔。akkhidala,【中】眼瞼、眼皮(the eye-lid)akkhi-añjana, 眼藥水(eye ointment, collyrium)akkhigaṇḍa, 眼癰(eye-protuberance) akkhigūtha,眼屎(secretion from the eye)akkhichidda, 眼孔(the eye-hole)akkhimala,眼垢(dirt from the eye)

akkhika1, 【形】有眼睛(having eyes, with eyes)añjanakkhika,眼線( with eyes anointed)aḍḍhakkhika,半眼(暗地裡)(with half an eye, i. e. stealthily)tambakkhika, 紅眼(red-eyed). anakkhika, 無眼(having no eyes)

akkhika2 (cp. Sk. aka), 【中】網目(the mesh of a net)

akkhitta1(a+khitta攪擾),【形】沒攪擾。

akkhitta2(BSk ākipta, pp. of ā + kip投﹑拋), 【形】打擊、丟掉(hit, struck, thrown)

akkhin(= akkhika1), 【形眼睛。mandakkhin,柔眼的(softeyed)

akkodha (a+kodha憤怒【陽】),【陽】無憤怒。
akkodhana (a
+kodhana憤怒【形】),【形】無憤怒。

akkhobha,【形】不易受攪擾的。

akkhobhinī, akkhohinī,【陰】1.一個有四十二個零的數位。2.一個擁有 109,350 個步兵、 65,610 個騎兵、21,870 個象兵和 21,870 個戰車的軍隊。

akkosa (ā+[kruś=kruñc ] ),【陽】叱(ˋ),罵。
akkosati (
參考 [ akkosa叱罵]), (ˋ),(【單,叁,過】akkocchi)

akhaṇḍa (a+khaṇḍa毀壞),【形】無毀壞。

akhila(cp. Sk. khila), 【陽】【中】不荒廢,非荒蕪,非荒野。akhīlajāto, 產生荒廢。c.f. khilā(荒蕪)

akhetta,【中】瘠地(barren-soil),非()田。

aga,【陽】1.山。2.樹。

agata (a+gata去【過) 【過】未去。

agati,【陰】迷途。agatigamana﹐誤入歧途(practising a wrong course of life, evil practice, wrong doing)

agathita,【過】已不束縛(not bound to)cf. gathita(已綁)

agada(Vedic agada; a + gada),【中】阿伽陀藥(medicine, drug),解毒(counterpoison)agadaharīṭaka﹐訶子藥。

agaruaguru(Sk. agurua-+garuㄓㄨㄥˋ),【形】1.不重的。2.不麻煩的。【陽】沉香(頂級的香料,沉香樹(aquilaria agallocha, agarwood) 的芳香性的、樹脂質的木材,東方人用作燒香的香料。產地:越南、柬埔寨、緬甸、寮國、馬來西亞、印尼、巴布辛西幾內亞、中國的海南島)。沉香別名烏沉、水沉、奇楠沉、伽羅香、蜜香、黃熟香、棧香、木榓、木蜜、阿伽羅香、阿伽嚧、惡揭嚕、阿伽樓。在中國醫學中,沉香是味卒溫,進入胃和腎,有降氣、納腎、平肝、壯陽的作用,主治胸腹、嘔吐、平胃、平哮喘、治小便閉塞,此外,還有痛安神的作用。對於強化心臟及神經具有療效,沉香幫助睡眠、養顏美容、消脹氣、排宿便、去油脂,有好的提陽功效。

agalu(Sk. aguru),【陽】沉香。

agādha,【形】1.非常深的。2.無支持者的。

agāraāgāra(cp. Sk. agāra)﹐【中】屋,家,境。【形】住宅。anagāra, 遊行僧(homelessness or the state of a homeless wanderer (mendicant))rājāgāra, 王宮。suññāgāragatāna, 已去空屋。suññāgāre abhiramāmi, 我在空屋受樂(指得初禪乃至第四禪)

agārava﹐【陽】不尊敬。S.6.2./I,138.“Dukkha kho agāravo viharati appatisso.”(不尊敬、不易教化的生活是苦。)

agāraka (<agāra) 【中】小屋(a small house, a cottage)

agārika, agāriya,【形】【中】在家人俗人(a householder, layman)。【陽】一家之主。agārikā,【陰】女主人(a housewife)

agārin(<agāra,【形】【陽】一家之主。agārinī,【陰】女主人(a housewife)

agocara(a+gocara),【陽】非行處。六種非行處,即如︰(1)妓院、(2)寡婦、(3)處女(kumārikā《分別論》作︰thullakumārigocaro老處女行處)(4)閹割之人、(5)比丘尼、(6)酒家托缽Chabbidhe ca agocare carati. Seyyathida-- vesiyāgocare vidhavathulla-kumārika-paṇḍaka- bhikkhunī-pānāgāra-gocareti.

agga, -agga,(Vedic agra),【形】最高的,頂端。【陽】1.頂,端。2.【介】(agge),起。aggatā,【陰】aggatta,【中】前顯赫,給予社會中有突出表現者的獎勵(pre-eminence)aggaphala,【中】1.第一次的種植收成。2.阿羅漢聖果的上果位。aggamagga(agga+m+agga),【陽】最優異的(most excellent)aggamahesī,【陰】皇后。kusaggatiagga﹐葉端(tip of a blade of grass)dumagga, 樹頂(top of a tree, the best of trees, an excellent tree)dhajagga, 旗頂(of a banner); pabbatagga, 山頂(of a mountain)sākhagga, 枝頭(of a branch); dhanagga, plenty; madhuragga; bhavagga, the best existence; rūpagga extraordinary beauty; lābhagga, highest gainsambodhi-y-agga,一切知智(highest wisdom, = sabbaññuta-ñāṇa)ajja-t-agge(ajja-t-agge),從今以後(from this day, after today (cp. BSk. adyāgrena))bhattagge,飯後(after a meal)aggangulī,(the main finger, i. e. index finger)aggāsana,最上座(main seat)aggupaṭṭhāka,首席(chief personal attendant)aggakārikā,最上味(first taste, sample)aggakulika,最高評價的家族(of an esteemed clan (=seṭṭhagga)aggañña recognized as primitive primeval, (porāṇa +). aggadanta,最上調御(one who is most excellently self-restrained (of the Buddha))aggadāna,最上的布施(a splendid gift)aggadvāra,大門(main door)agganakha,指甲端(tip of the nail)agganagara,首善城市( the first or most splendid of cities)agganikkhitta,最高的贊美(highly praised or fame)agganikkhittaka,最上座(an original depository of the Faithaggapakatimant,最高的特色(of the highest character (= aggasabhāva))aggapatta,證得最高(having attained perfection)aggapasāda,最高的信心( the highest grace)aggapiṇḍa,最上的奉獻或托缽(the best oblation or alms)aggapiṇḍika,最上的奉獻(receiving the best oblations)aggapuggala,最上人(the best of men (of the Buddha))aggapurohita,首相(chief or prime minister)aggaphala,最上果(the highest or supreme fruit (i. e. arahantship))aggamagga,最上道(adj.) having reached the top of the path, i.e. arahantshipaggamahesi,王后(the king’s chief wife, queen-consortaggarājā,首要的國王( the chief king)aggavara,最優雅( most meritorious, bestaggavāda,最原始教義(the original doctrine (= theravāda))etadagga(etad+agga最高的﹑頂端)﹐【形】第一的。

aggañña,【形】被認爲是最高的或最重要的。

aggaa, aggaḷā,(cp. Sk. argala & argalā to *areg to protect, ward off, secure etc.),【陰】1.閂,門閂(a bolt or cross-bar)2.作為緊縮衣服的一塊布條(a strip of cloth for strengthening a dress etc., a gusset)

aggabīja (agga頂尖+bīja種子),【形】以插枝為種子。

aggi(Vedic agni),【陽】火(fire, flames, sparks; conflagration)aggikkhandha,【陽】火蘊,火海。aggiparicaraa,【中】奉火,拜火。aggisālā,【陰】火房,桑那浴室。aggisikhā,【陰】火焰(直譯:火頂)aggihutta,【中】火供。aggi ujjāleti, aggi jāleti,點火(kindle, make burn)agyantarāyo,火難(火災)

aggika(aggi + ka),【形】拜火的人(one who worships the fire)

Aggivessana,【陽】阿奇舍那 (人名, 參考 T新修大藏經1:757)

aggihutta (aggi+hutta供物),【中】火供()

aggh﹐【字根I.】有價值( to be worthy)該得到(to deserve)

aggha,【陽】價,值(price, value, worth)。【中】寬待客人的義務。agghakāraka,【陽】評價者,估價者。

agghaka(=aggha), agghanaka,【形】(【合】) 價值的。

agghati (aggh有價值+aSk. arghati, argh = arh), 值得。agghi,【過】。

agghāpana,【中】定價,估計。

agghāpanaka,【陽】估價者。

agghāpaniya(grd. of agghāpeti),【形】【中】要被估計的。

agghika, agghiya,【中】飾有紙帶花彩的木柱。

agghiya,【中】寬待客人的義務。

agha1 (語基為aghas)(Sk. agha, of uncertain etym.),【中】【形】1.罪惡,不幸。2.傷心事,痛苦anagha【反】

agha2, 難以防守的(is untenable)

aghavin (agha痛苦+vin),【形】有痛苦(suffering pain, being in misery)

aghāvin (agha痛苦+āvin) 【形】【陽】有痛苦。

aavi,【陰】森林。aavimukha,【中】森林的外邊緣。aavisakhobha,【陽】野蠻部落中的騷動。

ak﹐【字根I.】制定(to mark out)。【字根VII.】做記號(to mark),計算(to count)

aka,【陽】1.(人坐著時)大腿的朝上部分。2.特徵,記號。3.數位。ake nisinno, 坐大腿上。

akita, aketi 的【過】,已劃線標出,已打烙印。

akura(cp. Sk. akura),【陽】幼苗,嫩芽(台語:蘡inn2、芽ge5)

akusa,【陽】採果子或馴象用的帶鈎棍子,鈎桿。

aketi (aki +e), 劃線標出,打烙印,寫上號數。akesi,【過】。aketvā,【獨】。

aga,【中】1.成分。2.肢。3.特質4.原因(D.14.-3/II,44.Aganti kāraa.)agapaccaga,【中】大小肢。agapaccagasampannatā, 【形】肢體勻稱。agarāga,【陽】塗身的化妝品。agavijjā,【陰】手相。

agajāta,【中】男性生殖器(直譯:生支),女性陰部(sign of male or female (see above 3); membrum virile and muliebre)Pārā.III,38.“Pañcahi bhikkhave, ākārehi agajāta kammaniya hoti-- rāgena, vaccena, passāvena, vātena, uccāligapāṇakadaṭṭhena.(五事生支勃起︰欲念、大便、小便、風、毛蟲喫咬而生支勃起。)(阿羅漢不再因欲念而生支勃起)Pārā.III,20.Vara te, moghapurisa, āsivisassa ghoravisassa mukhe agajāta pakkhitta, na tveva mātugāmassa agajāte agajāta pakkhitta. Vara te, moghapurisa, kahasappassa mukhe agajāta pakkhitta, na tveva mātugāmassa agajāte agajāta pakkhitta. Vara te, moghapurisa, agārakāsuyā ādittāya sampajjalitāya sajotibhūtāya agajāta pakkhitta, na tveva mātugāmassa agajāte agajāta pakkhitta. Ta kissa hetu? Tatonidānañhi, moghapurisa, maraa vā nigaccheyya maraamatta vā dukkha, na tveva tappaccayā kāyassa bhedā para maraṇā apāya (Pārā.III,21.) duggati vinipāta niraya upapajjeyya. (真的!愚人!寧入男根於恐怖毒蛇牙中,亦勿入於女根中。愚人!寧入男根於毒蛇口中,亦勿入於女根中。真的!愚人!寧入男根於熾熱之火坑中,亦勿入於女根中。何以故?愚人!由彼因緣,實可能受死或等於死之苦,而身壞命終後,不生於惡處、惡道、苦趣、地獄。)

agaa1 (cp. Sk. agaa & agana),【中】空地,院子(an open space)

agaa2,【中】斑點(a speck or freckle),心意的污染。M.5./I,27.pāpakāna kho eta, āvuso, akusalāna icchāvacarānaadhivacana, yadida agaan”ti.惡、不善、欲行境,都是所謂的同義詞。)

agada,【中】臂鐲(a bracelet )cittagada,【形】各式各樣的臂鐲(with manifold bracelets)

aganā,【陰】女人,婦女。

agāra,【陽】【中】火炭,炭渣。在灰燼中繼續燃燒的一塊煤炭。agārakaṭātha, agārakapalla,【陽】裝煤渣或灰燼的平鍋。agārakāsu,【陰】一個充滿煤渣或灰燼的火坑。agāramasa,【中】火炭上烤的肉。agāragika,【形】(【合】)擁有很多成分的。例如:duvagika = 兩部分。由二個部份所組成。

agāraka﹐【形】炭火的,赤色的。【陽】火星(Mars),有譯作:勢惑勞,盎哦囉迦。

agīrasa,【陽】輝煌者(正等正覺者)S.3.12./I,81.“Paduma yathā Kokanada sugandha, Pāto siyā phullamavītagandha. Agīrasa passa virocamāna,Tapantamādiccamivantalikkhe”ti. (芬芳紅蓮花,晨開香未離,見輝煌者光,如日照虛空。)SA.3.12./I,152.Agīrasanti sammāsambuddha.(輝煌者︰正等正覺者。)

aguṭṭha,【陽】拇指(日語:親指,oyayubi),拇趾。

agula,【中】一指寬(2cm(公分))。【形】(【合】)很多指寬的數量。

aguli,【陰】手指,腳趾。agulipabba,【中】指節。agulimuddā,【陰】圖章戒指,戒指。SA.5.2.Dvagulapaññāyāti parittapaññāya. Yasmā vā dvīhi agulehi kappāsavaṭṭi gahetvā sutta kantanti, tasmā itthī “dvagulapaññā”ti vuccati.(二指智:小智。用兩指取棉布,編織紡紗,因此,女人稱為二指智) S.5.2.“Ya ta isīhi pattabba, hāna durabhisambhava;  Na ta dvagulapaññāya, sakkā pappotumitthiyā”ti.(仙人應至處,是處難到達,二指智之女,不能到彼處。)

Agulimāla,【陽】(人名)鴦掘摩羅、鴦崛髻(原為殺人魔,後被佛陀所折服。有《鴦掘摩羅經》(M.86.)。該經有一句成為保護偈︰‘yatoha, bhagini, ariyāya jātiyā jāto nābhijānāmi sañcicca pāṇa jīvitā voropetā, tena saccena sotthi te hotu, sotthi gabbhassā’”ti.(姐妹!自從我在聖中生後,不故意剝奪任何有息者的生命。依此真實語,願妳平安,願胎兒平安。)

agulīyaka,  aguleyyaka,【中】戒指。

acari, acarisu, acarisa, acaru,  [carati行、走] 的【過】。

acari, acāri, [carati] 的【3.過】。

acala,【形】不動的,不能動搖的。acala,一般指不為三災(於最後一劫世界即開始壞滅而引起天災,即:火災--壞欲界至初禪天、水災--流失至第二禪天、風災--破壞至第三禪)所動亂的第四禪。acalaṭṭhāna﹐不動處(第四禪)(三壞即三災,可參考Vism.414.;《長阿含經》〈世記經〉三災品(T1.137.2),《大毗婆沙論》卷一三三(T27.689.3),《俱舍論》卷一二(T29.66.2))

acinteyya (a+cinteyya思【義】),【形】不能被思。

acitta(a + citta2),形】無心的。

acittaka(a + citta2 + ka),形】1.無意識(without thought or intention, unconscious, unintentional)2.無心(without heart or feeling, Instr. acittakena (adv.) heartlessly.)無心者,謂入無想及滅盡定。

acittikata (a + citta2 + kata; cp. cittikāra),【形】意識不清(not well thought)

acira,【形】不久的,最近的。acira,【副】近來,不久前。acirappabhā,【陰】閃電。acirapakkanta (acira不久+pakkanta走出去【過) 【過】走出去不久。see cira & cp. nacira

ace﹐【字根I.】禮拜(to worship),尊敬、給予榮譽(honour),慶祝、祝賀(celebrate)

acetana,【形】無感覺的,無機的。

acela(a+cela),【形】無衣服的,裸體的。acelaka,【陽】裸體的修行者(裸體外道,有空衣派digambara及白衣派śvetāmbara)

acc﹐【字根VII.】給予,尊敬(to honour)

acc-【字首】在母音前ati被同化的型態直到、過度、超過、上、大

accagā (atigacchati‘超越的【3.過】), 超越了,克服了。

accanā,【陰】1.祭品。2.尊敬,禮敬。

accanta (ati越過+anta終極﹑邊界),【形】全盤,永久的,絕對的。accanta,【副】全盤,永久,極端,非常。

accantaniṭṭha (accanta全盤+niṭṭha依賴【形】),【形】全盤依賴。

accaya (<acceti跨越),【陽】1.缺點、2.失效。3.消逝、過世。(A.3.4./I,103.)(世尊說)︰「()於過不見過(Accaya accayato na passati)()於過見過,但不如法懺悔(accaya accayato disvā yathādhamma nappaikaroti)()再者,不接受他人如法發露過失(懺悔)(parassa kho pana accaya desentassa yathādhamma nappaiggahāti.)。諸比丘!成就這三法者,當知是愚人。

accayena (<accaya消逝),【副】在消逝後。

accasara,【形】流動越過。

accāraddhavīriya﹐【中】過度精進(too much exertion)

accādahati (ati上至+ā+dhā放置),放在上。【義】accādhāya

accādhāya,【獨】放在上。pāde pāda accādhāya,足足相累。

accāyika,【形】緊急的。

accāsanna,【形】很近,非常接近。

acci,【陰】火焰。accimantu,【形】有火焰的,燦爛的。【陽】火。

accita, (acceti 的【過) 敬禮過,尊敬過。

accuggata,【形】很高,非常高的。

accuha,【形】很熱,非常熱的。【陽】大熱。

accuta (a+cuta死【過),【形】永恒的,不死的。【中】永恒的平靜。nibbānapadamaccuta(=nibbānapadamaccuta), 無死的涅槃。

accussanna,【形】很豐富,非常豐富。

acceti, 1.(ati越過+i+a), 打發時間,跨越2.(acc尊敬+e), 敬禮,尊敬。accesi,【過】。accaye, 3sg.opt.

accogāḷha,【形】陷入深底,過度豐富

accodaka,【中】太多水。

acchaka = accha2, (a bear)

accha1 (cp. Sk. accha, dial., to c (see accati), thus “shining”; cp. Sk. ka bald, bare and Vedic kvan bright. Monier-Williams however takes it as a +cha fr. chad, thus “not covered, not shaded” ),【形】清澈的,清淨的,妙,淨,淨妙(clear, transparent Vin I.206 (°kañjika); D I.76 (mai = tanucchavi DA I.221), 80 (udakapatta), 84 (udaka-rahada); M I.100; S II.281 (°patta); III.105 (id.); Vv 7910 (vāri); DA I.113 (yāgu)acchodaka, 【陽】清水。acchodikā, 【陰】清水。

accha2 (Vedic ka), (a bearaghammigā). cf. acchikka

accha3 = akkha2 骰子(a die)see acci-bandha.

accha4 (Ved. ka),【形】受傷的,痛苦的(hurtful, painful, bad DhA IV.163 (accharuja)

acchati (ās+a; ā 縮短,而 sa 換成 ccha), 1.坐。2.保持。acchi,【過】。

acchambhī,【形】大膽的,無畏的,不怕的。

accharā1,【陰】彈指(finger-snap),打榧ㄈㄟˇ(把拇指貼緊中指面,再使勁閃開,使中指打在掌上發聲)accharākkhaaaccharāsaghāta,【陽】一彈指的時間。accharāsadda,【陽】彈指聲。《俱舍論》說:「一疾彈指傾六十五剎那。」

accharā2,【陰】仙女(a celestial nymph)=devaccharā= devakaññā。【複】accharāyo

acchariya,【中】不可思議(台語:put kho su gi7,想攏無siunn7 long2 bo5),驚奇。【形】意想不到的,絕妙的。

acchariya, I.不可思議 (【中】【單】【主】)II.【副】不可思議!

acchariya vata ( [acchariya不可思議!][vata確實] ),確實不可思議!

acchādana,【中】衣服。acchādanā,【陰】隱匿。

acchādeti (ā+chādeti覆蓋(<chad)),覆蔽,穿(),蓋上。【單..命】acchādehi。【過】acchādesi。【過acchādita。【獨】acchādetvā

acchijja, (acchindati 1.搶奪,2.打破)的【獨】。

acchidda (a+chidda),【形】無孔。

acchindati (ā+chid切斷+-a), 1.搶奪,掠奪。2.打破。acchindi,【過】。acchinna,【過】。

acchecchi (chindati的【過】), 掙脫,割掉,毀滅。

acchejja,【形】不能壞的,不能毀的。

acchera, 不可思議。參考 acchariya

acchodi (accha澄清+uda), 澄清的水。

aja,【陽】山羊。ajapāla,【陽】牧羊人。ajalaṇḍikā,【陰】羊糞。ajakalāpaka, 【陽】山羊群。

Ajātasattu (a+jāta生【過+sattu),【陽】(人名)未生怨,阿闍(ㄕㄜˊ)世王,摩羯陀國(Magadha)的國王。

Ajaan, Ajan, Ajahn, Ajarn, Acharn(Ācariya),【泰語(อาจารย)】阿姜,阿旃,老師。近代有名的泰僧有︰指由阿姜索Ajan Sao Kantasilo,1861~1941)與其弟子阿姜曼Ajan Man Bhuridatta, 1871~1949,再傳弟子:阿姜帖(Ajan Thate Desaransi, 1902 ~1994)、阿姜力(Ajan Lee Dhammadharo,1907 ~1961)阿姜信Ajan Sim Buddhacaro 1909-1992、阿姜摩訶布瓦(Ajan Maha Boow Ñāṇasampanno ,1913 ~)、阿姜查Ajan Chah 1918-1992等。

ajagara,【陽】蟒蛇(boa constrictor)

ajajjara(a+jajjara),【形】不老,不枯萎,不衰弱。

ajajjarita(a+jajjarita),【過】已不老。

ajañña,【形】不純的,不潔淨的。

ajā, ajī,【陰】雌山羊。

ajāta (a+jāta生【過) 生。

Ajātasattu (a+jāta生【過+sattu)﹐【陽】阿闍(ㄕㄜˊ)(人名),未生怨(未出生就已經是父王的敵人,後來受提婆達多慫恿,篡位弒父)

ajāna([a+jāna知【陽..主﹐現],不知【陽..主﹐現】。

ajānata(a+jānata(【陽...屬﹐現),不知(【陽...屬﹐現)

ajānana,【中】無知。

ajānanta, ajānamāna,【現】不知道,沒有學識。

ajānitvā, ajāniya,【獨】不知道,沒有注意到。

Ajita Kesakambala【陽】阿逸多·翅舍金披羅(人名),屬於唯物論,認為人就是他的身體,身體死亡就等於該人完全滅盡,死後沒有識,也沒有業的報應。「所有眾多之沙門論師中,末伽梨論(Makkhalivādo)是最惡。諸比丘!(末伽梨)癡人是如是說、如是見:無有業(natthi kamma)、無有業果(natthi kiriyaṁ)、無有精進(natthi vīriya)。」(A.3.137./I,411-412.)

ajina(Vedic ajina, to aja, orig. goats’skin),【陽】獵豹(cheetah有黑色斑點,腿長善跑)羊皮。【中】獵豹皮。ajinakkhipa,【陽】獵豹皮披風。ajinappaveṇī(編織品),【陰】獵豹皮編織品ajinayoni, 一種的羚羊。ajinasāṭi, 皮衣。kharājina,粗糙的羊皮(一種苦行僧的衣著)

ajinapattā,【陰】蝙蝠。

ajini (jināti 的【過】), 征服過。

ajimha,【形】不彎曲的,直的。

ajiya = ajikā (see ajaka).

ajira(Vedic ajira to aj),【中】院子(a court, a yard)

ajīraka(a + jīraka),【中】消化不良(indigestion)

ajeyya1 & ajjeyya(a + jeyya, grd. of jayati),【形】1.不能被強取的(not to be taken by force)2.不能征服的(not to be overpowered, invincible)

ajeyya2 (a + jeyya, grd. of jīyati) ,【形】不衰的,不老的,永恆(not decaying, not growing old, permanent)

ajj﹐【字根I.】賺得(to earn),獲得(obtain)。【字根VII.】賺得(to earn)

ajja, ajjā(Vedic adya & adyā, a + dyā, a° being base of demonstr. pron. (see a3) and dyā an old Loc. of dyaus (see diva), thus “on this day”),【無】今天,現在(to-day, now)ajjatana,【形】新潮,指今天。ajjatanāya,【與】在今日。tayājja﹐三時(晝夜各三時)

ajjat’agge (ajja今日+agge起【介】),=ajjatagge), 從今日起。

ajjava(cp. Sk. ārjava, to ju, see uju),【陽】【中】正直,誠實(straight, upright)

ajjita(pp. of ajjati),【形】曾經獲得,曾經聚積(obtained)

ajjuho(haplology fr. ajja-juho; see juhā),【形】這月光之夜(this moonlight night)

ajjuka (*Sk. arjaka), 丁香羅勒(Ocimum gratissimum),又稱印度羅勒,七層塔。

ajjuna(Vedic arjuna, to raj),【陽】1.阿見(産於熱帶亞洲的欖仁樹屬 (Terminalia Arjuna),其特點是具澀的樹皮,用於製革)2.一位王子的名字。

ajjh-(assimilation group of adhi + vowel),  1.上。2.上等。

ajjhagā, (adhigacchati ‘獲得的【過特】) 3.過】來到,達到,獲得,經驗SA.8.3./I,270.Ajjhagamā munīti adhigato muni.(達到牟尼︰證得牟尼。)

ajjhatta (ajjh+atta自我﹐cp.Sk.adhyātma, cp.attā),【形】自我身內,跟自己有關係的。ajjhatta,【副】內在地、在自我身內。【反】bahiddhābāhira外在的(outward)外在地(outwardly)ajjhatta vā bahiddhā vā﹐或內或外。ajjhatta-bahiddhā內外。Vbh.#2.Tattha katama rūpa ajjhatta?  Ya rūpa tesa tesa sattāna 1ajjhatta 2paccatta 3niyaka 4pāṭipuggalika 5upādinna, cattāro ca mahābhūtā catunnañca mahābhūtāna upādāyarūpa--ida vuccati rūpa ajjhatta.(在此,什麼是內色?凡是色法,那個這個眾生1(ajjhattainternal)2眾生本身(paccattapersonal 私人)3各自(niyakaself-referable)4己身(pāṭipuggalikaone’s own)5個人(upādiṇṇaindividual)6已取者(upādāya rūpāṁis graped)的四大種及四大種所造色。) Vbh.#4.Tattha katama rūpa bahiddhā?  Ya rūpa tesa tesa parasattāna parapuggalāna 1ajjhatta 2paccatta 3niyaka 4pāṭipuggalika 5upādinna, cattāro ca mahābhūtā catunnañca mahābhūtāna upādāyarūpa--ida vuccati rūpa bahiddhā. (在此,什麼是外色?凡是色法,那個這個其他眾生1內、2眾生本身(私人)3各自、4己身、5個人、6已取者的四大種及四大種所造色。)

ajjhattika(ajjhatta+ika),【形】私人的(personal),內在的(inward)(Nd1 346ajjhattika vuccati citta內在的」稱為「心」)【反】bāhira內在的(outward)

ajjhattabahiddhā (ajjhatta在自我身內【副】+bahiddhā在外部【副】) 【副】在自我身內及外部。

ajjhattarata (ajjhatta在自我身內+rata喜樂【過) 【過】在自我身內喜樂。

ajjhattika (ajjhatta自我身內+ika (形容詞化) )【形】自我身內。

ajjhappatta,【形】偶然遇到,突然接近。

ajjhabhāsati, (adhi+a+bhās+a), 講話,演說。ajjhabhāsi,【過】。

ajjhayana,【中】求學,學。

ajjhavāsayi, 1.使之滯留在上。2.同意(adhivāseti的【3.過】)

ajjhācarati, (adhi+a+car移動+a), 犯戒,犯法。ajjhācari,【過】。

ajjācāra,【陽】1.罪犯,過失。2.行房。

ajjhāciṇṇa, (ajjhācarati 的【過) 1.多練習過。2.習慣性地作過。

ajjhāpana,【中】教,指示。

ajjhāpanna (ajjhāpajjati 的【過), 犯罪過。

ajjhāya,【陽】章。

ajjhāyaka,【陽】指導者,教師。

ajjhāruhati, (adhi+ā+ruh上升+a), 起來,爬上。ajjhāruhi,【過】。ajjhārūḷhi,【過】。

ajjhāvara,【陽】人選。

ajjhāvasati (adhi+ā+vas+a), 居住,定居,統治。ajjhāvasi,【過】。ajjhāvasitvā,【獨】。1..現】ajjhāvasāma。【陽...離﹐現ajjhāvasatā)

ajjhāvuttha, (ajjhāvasati的【過), 居住過,住進過。

ajjhāsaya,【陽】意圖,安排。ajjhāsayatā,【陰】(【合】)有意圖的事實。ajjhiṭṭha, (ajjhesati 的【過)

ajjhupagacchati (adhi+upa+gam+a), 1.來到,到達。2.同意。

ajjhupagata, (ajjhupagacchati的【過) 1.來到,到達。2.同意。

ajjhupagamana,【中】1.抵達。2.協定,同意。

ajjhupekkhati (adhi+upa+ikkh(īk)+a), 在上旁觀,忽略。ajjhupekkhi,【過】。ajjhupekkhita,【過】。

ajjhupekkhana,【中】ajjhupekkhanā,【陰】冷淡(indifference),不在乎(negligence),中捨

ajjhupekkhitar (<ajjhupekkhati在上旁觀),【陽】在上旁觀者。

ajjhupeti (adhi+upa+i+a), 靠近,接近。ajjhupesi,【過】。ajjhupeta,【過】。

ajjhesati (adhi+isu +a), 請求,邀請。ajjhesayi,【過】。

ajjhesanā,【陰】請求,邀請。

ajjhesita, (ajjhesati 的【過)

ajjhokāsa,【陽】露天,戶外。

ajjhokirati (adhi+ava+kir+a), 散佈,撒(在上散下)

ajjhogāhati(adhi+ava+gāh衝進﹑埋首+a),使插進,進入,陷入。ajjhogāhi,【過】。

ajjhogāḷha, (ajjhogāhati的【過) 插進,進入,陷入

ajjhottharati, ajjhogāheti, (adhi+ava+thar+a), 淹沒,制服。ajjhotthari,【過】。【獨】ajjhogahetvā

ajjhotthaa, (ajjhottharati的【過) 淹沒,制服

ajjhopannaadhipanna (adhi+panna)1.【過】到達。2.【過】抓住(adhipajjati‘到達的【過)

ajjhosa (= ajjhosāya), 黏住(in verse only as ajjhosa tiṭṭhati to cleave or cling to S.IV,73; Th.1, 98, 794.)nājjhosa tiṭṭhati, 黏住

ajjhosati (adhi+ava+sayati依靠), 上下依靠。【過ajjhosita

ajjhosāna,【中】黏住(cleaving to (earthly joys))耽溺。

ajjhohaa, (ajjhoharati 的【過)

ajjhoharaa,【中】吞,食。ajjhoharaṇīya,【形】可以吞或吃的。

ajjhoharati (adhi+ava+har運送+a), (直譯:在上下運送)ajjhohari,【過】。

ajjhohāra,【陽】吞。

ajjhohita,【過】塞滿過()

ajjhupekkhati (adhi+upekkhati旁觀) 在上旁觀。【過ajjhupekkhita

ajjhupekkhitar (<ajjhupekkhati在上旁觀) 【陽】在上旁觀者。

añc﹐【字根I.】禮拜(to worship)

añch﹐【字根I.】拉出(to draw),伸展(to stretch)

añchati(= ākaḍḍhati, which latter is also the Sk.gloss (ākārayati) to the Jain Prk.achāvei = añchati)拉、拖(to pull, drag, pull along)轆轤者(to turn on a lathe)M I.56 (vv.ll.p.532 acch° & añj°); Th 1, 750 (añcāmi T., v.l.aññāmi).añchati should also be read at J I 417 for udaka añcanti (in expln.of udañcanī pulling the water up from a well, q.v.), where it corresponds to udaka ākkaḍḍhati in the same sentence.

añja (adv.) [orig. imper. of añjati1; cp. Sk. anjasā (Instr.) quickly, Goth. anaks suddenly, lit. with a pull or jerk] pull on! go on! gee up! J.I.192.

añjati1(= Sk. ṛñjati, jyati to stretch, pull along, draw out, erect; cp. Sk. ju straight, caus. irajyati),See añja, añjaya, añjali, añjasa.

añjati2 & añjeti(añju+a)(= Sk. añjayati, Caus. of anakti to smear etc.; cp. Sk. añji ointment, ājya butter), 塗油(to smear, anoint, paint),滴洗眼液。añji,【過】。akkhīni añjetvā, v. l. BB añcitvā). Caus. II. añjāpeti DhA.I,21. pp. añjita (q. v.).

añjana(from añjati2),【中】眼藥水(ointment, esp. a collyrium for the eyes, made of antimony),安繕那(古譯)、安禪那(古譯)(《一切經音義》(卷第二十三T54.456.3)︰「安繕那藥(繕︰()時戰反,其藥色似青黛可以和合眼藥,然今所明自據別法也。))añjanakkhikā,眼線。añjananāḷi,【陰】洗眼液的管,化妝箱。añjanavaṇṇa,【形】洗眼液的顔色(即是黑色)。《根本說一切有部毘奈耶藥事》卷第一(T24.2.2)︰「有五種安膳那。一者花安膳那。二者汁安膳那。三者粖安膳那。四者丸安膳那。五者騷毘羅石安膳那。此之五種。咸能療眼。」

añjali,【陽】,añjalī,【陰】合掌(the cupped hands敬禮之一種)合十,叉手(古譯)añjalikamma,【中】合十的動作。añjalikaraṇīya,【形】值得合十的。añjalipua,【陽】合掌爲了保留東西在內。

añjasa,【中】小道,道路。

añjita, (añjati añjeti 的【過) 塗油,滴洗眼液。

añjeti (añju+e), 塗油(尤指宗教儀式),滴洗眼液。ajesi,【過】。

añña(sk. anya),【形】其他的,另外的,別的。aññena, adj. 另一處的、其他的、不同的, sg. Inst. => adv. aññena … aññena 到處(這邊那邊)aññajīvaaññasarīraṁ(命與身相異)

aññatama,【形】其中之一,未知的。

aññatara(añña的比較級),【形】兩個之一、多個中的一個。ke ca dhammassa aññātāro.(誰是法的知者)aññataraññatarena, 某個、各式各樣的。

aññatitthiya,【陽】外教徒,外道,異學。

aññattha, aññatra(sk. anyatra),【副】別的地方,其他的地方,則否,除了(=hapetvā)S.1.50./I,35.“Na aññatra Bhagavatā, nāññatra tava sāsanā”(非在世尊()之外,非在您的教導外。)

aññathatta(aññathā+tta),【中】變動(change),變心(change of mind),誤會。

aññathā,【副】另外,別樣。

aññadatthu,【無】1.一定。2.至少。3.另一方面。

aññadā,【副】另一天,下次。

aññamañña, aññoñña,【形】相互的。aññamañña,【副】互相地。

aññavādaka, 【陽】轉移其它話題,作異語。Pāci.IV,37(CS:Pāci.pg.55)Aññavādako nāma saghamajjhe vatthusmi vā āpattiyā vā anuyuñjīyamāno ta na kathetukāmo ta na ugghāṭetukāmo aññenañña paicarati-- “Ko āpanno, ki āpanno, kismi āpanno, katha āpanno, ka bhaatha, ki bhaathā”ti.  Eso aññavādako nāma.(回答其它話題︰在僧伽事當中,犯罪的詢問,不欲討論,不盡力於此,而顧左右而言他(,說)︰「誰犯罪?犯什麼罪?在什麼地方犯罪?什麼是犯罪?妳對誰說?妳說什麼?」這是回答其它話題。)

aññavihita,【形】分心,被別的佔據了。

aññā ( Ājñā),【陰】完全智(完美的知識),阿羅漢聖位。añña-Koṇḍañña,阿若憍陳如(阿若:已證得阿羅漢聖位)、拘隣若。憍陳如為佛陀最先所度五比丘中,最初悟道、梵行第一比丘(T2.831)M.70./I,480-1.“Nāha, bhikkhave, ādikeneva aññārādhana vadāmi; api ca, bhikkhave, anupubbasikkhā anupubbakiriyā anupubbapaipadā aññārādhanā hoti.”(諸比丘!我不說:「唯以最初的(學習)即有完全智之成就。」再者,諸比丘!由次第學、次第作、次第實踐,而有完全智之成就。)

aññāṇa,【中】無知,具知aññāṇupekkhāya﹐具知的捨。

aññāta,【形】1.(ā+ñāta) 知道的懂的。

aññāta1(pp. of ājānāti),已知道的、已認識(known, recognised )anaññāta﹐不知道的(what is not known)anaññātaññassāmī’t’indriya﹐我應該知道尚未知道的根。aññātamānin﹐擁有完美知識的驕傲。aññāya saṇṭhahisu,確立於完全智(《中阿含經》譯:遵奉持者)

aññāta2 (na+ñāta)知道的、不認識的(unknown)

aññātaka1 (a + ñātaka, cp. Sk. ajñāti),【形】非親屬的(not a kinsman)aññātikāya﹐非親戚,親戚之外的人。親戚包括:父親七世者,父、祖、高祖、曾祖,乃至七世。父親者,伯(父之伯,於己為伯祖)(之兄弟,於己為母舅bu2ku7)、兄(父之叔,於己為叔祖)、弟(父之弟,於己為叔)、兒(父之子,於己為兄弟)、孫(父之孫,乃兄弟之子,於己為姪男)。母親七世者,舅(外祖母之兄弟,於己為舅公)、姨(母之姨,乃外祖母之姊妹,於己為姨婆) 、兄弟(母之兄弟,於己為舅)(母之女,於己為姊妹)、孫(母之孫女,乃兄弟之女,於己為姪女)(參見《善見律毘婆沙》卷第十四﹐T24.774)親戚:台語chin7 cian4,可作「親誠chin  ciann5」。

aññātaka2 (adj.) [demin. of aññāta2] 【形】不知道的(unknown)。不可認出的(unrecognisable)aññātakavesa,【陽】僞裝、假裝(in disguise)

aññātāvī, aññātu,【陽】知道的人,有見識的人。aññātukāma,【形】想知道的。

aññāya,【獨】已懂了。

aññāsi, 已知(3s.aor.)已經了解已經開悟

aññenaññam (=aññena añña)﹐矛盾,相異。

añhati=asati沒有正念。【現añhamāna

a(a, at)﹐【字根I.】漫遊(to roam)

Aaa,【陽】1.一個小地獄的名。2.一個大數位。

aana,【中】漫遊。

aani,【陰】床的構架。

aala (cp. Sk. aṭṭa & aṭṭālaka stronghold,【形】穩固,穩定(solid, firm, strong, only in phrase aaliyo upāhanā strong sandals M.II,155 (vv. ll. paaliye & agaliyo) = S.I,226 (vv. ll. āṭaliyo & āṭaliko)

aavī (Sk. aavī: Non-Aryan),【陰】1.森林、木頭(forest, woods)2.住森林的人(inhabitant of the forest, wild tribe J.VI,55 (= aavicorā C.))aavīrakkhika, 森林保護者(guardian of the forest J.II,335)aavīsakhepa at A.I,178 = III,66 is prob. faulty reading for v. l. °sakopa “inroad of savage tribes”.

aṭṭa,【中】1.訟案(lawsuit)2.瞭望塔,崗樓。3.腳手架。【形】(來自 aṭṭita) 傷心的,苦惱的。aṭṭakāra,【陽】訴訟當事人。aṭṭakārikā(=akārikā, Sp. IV,Pāci.907),【陰】女訴訟當事人。aṭṭassara,【陽】痛哭。

aṭṭāka,【陽】高站臺或腳手架。

aṭṭāna,【中】沐浴者用來搓澡的一種被切成四方形的柱。

aṭṭita,【過】已苦惱,已傷心,已悲痛。

aṭṭīyati (aṭṭ+i+ya), 苦惱,煩惱。aṭṭīyi,【過】。

aṭṭīyana,【中】aṭṭīyanā,【陰】嫌惡,令人厭惡,非常討厭。

aṭṭha,【形】八。aṭṭhama, aṭṭhamaka,【形】第八。aṭṭhamī,【陰】農曆初八。

aṭṭha【陽】意義。

-aṭṭha物品。Pārā.III,47.Bhūmaṭṭha thalaṭṭha ākāsaṭṭha vehāsaṭṭha udakaṭṭha nāvaṭṭha yānaṭṭha bhāraṭṭha ārāmaṭṭha vihāraṭṭha khettaṭṭha vatthuṭṭha gāmaṭṭha araññaṭṭha,中物、地上物、空中物、上處物、水中物、船物、乘物、擔物、園物、寺中物、田中物、宅地物、村落物、阿蘭若物。

aṭṭhaka,【中】八人一夥。

aṭṭhakathā,【陰】說明,解說,注釋。

aṭṭhagika,【形】有八個成份,八支部。

aṭṭhasa,【形】八邊形的。

aṭṭhapada,【中】棋盤。

aṭṭhasata﹐一百零八。

aṭṭhāna,【中】1.不對的地方或不正確的地方。2.不可能。aṭṭhānameta, 這是不可能。

aṭṭhānametaṁ (aṭṭhāna不可能+m+eta)﹐這個不可能。

aṭṭhārasa,【形】十八。

aṭṭhāsi, 3.sg.aor. of tiṭṭhāti(站著)

aṭṭhi-1 (= attha (aṭṭha) in compn. with kar & bhū, as freq. in Sk. and P. with i for a, like citti-kata (for citta°), agi-bhūta (for aṅga°); cp. the freq. combn. (with similar meaning) manasi-kata (besides manasā-k.), also upadhikaroti and others. This combn. is restricted to the pp. and der. (aṭṭhikata & aṭṭhikatvā)), 意義,目標(aṭṭhikatvā做目標to make something one’s attha, i. e. Nearly always in stock phrase aṭṭhikatvā manasikatvā)

aṭṭhi2,【中】1.骨。2.硬種子(the stone of a fruit J.II,104.)aṭṭhikakala,【陽】骷髏、骸骨aṭṭhikalyāṇa,【中】美牙。aṭṭhimaya,【形】骨造的。aṭṭhimiñjā,【陰】骨髓。aṭṭhisakhalikā,【陰】aṭṭhisaghāṭa,【陽】骷髏(骨聚)“Nābhijānāmi itthī vā puriso ito gato, api ca aṭṭhisaghāto gacchatesa mahāpathe”ti.(我不知是男是女,從此()走去;但()一堆()骨,行在這條大路。)(gacchatesa = gacchati esa)(Vism.21)

Vism.253-4.Aṭṭhīti hapetvā dvattisa dantaṭṭhīni avasesāni catusaṭṭhi hatthaṭṭhīni, catusaṭṭhi pādaṭṭhīni, catusaṭṭhi masanissitāni mudu-aṭṭhīni, dve pahikaṭṭhīni, ekekasmi pāde dve dve gopphakaṭṭhīni, dve jaghaṭṭhīni, eka jaṇṇukaṭṭhi, eka ūruṭṭhi, dve kaiṭṭhīni, aṭṭhārasa piṭṭhikaṇṭakaṭṭhīni, catuvīsati phāsukaṭṭhīni, cuddasa uraṭṭhīni eka hadayaṭṭhi, dve akkhakaṭṭhīni, dve koṭṭaṭṭhīni, dve bāhuṭṭhīni, dve dve aggabāhuṭṭhīni, satta gīvaṭṭhīni, dve hanukaṭṭhīni, eka nāsikaṭṭhi, dve akkhiṭṭhīni, dve kaṇṇaṭṭhīni, eka nalāṭaṭṭhi.  Eka muddhaṭṭhi, nava sīsakapālaṭṭhīnīti eva timattāni aṭṭhisatāni.(──是除了三十二顆齒骨之外,其他的六十四根手骨,六十四根足骨,六十四根筋肉依止的軟骨,二根踵骨,每一足各有二根的踝骨,各有二根脛骨(脛骨與腓骨),各有一膝蓋骨,各一大腿骨,二臀骨(髖骨),十八根脊椎,二十四根肋骨,十四根胸骨(肋軟骨),一心骨(胸骨),二鎖骨,二肩()骨,二臂骨(上膊骨),各二前膊骨(橈骨與尺骨),七頸骨(頸椎),二腭骨,一鼻骨(鼻腔),二眼骨(眼窩),二耳骨(聽腔),一額骨(前頭骨),一頭骨(後頭骨),九頭蓋骨(顱頂骨、顳顬骨等),即如是有三百骨。)(Vism.153-4) (cf.《修行道地經》卷第一T15.187.1);《根本說一切有部毘奈耶雜事》卷第十一(T24.255.1-2)

【全身骨頭】

 

現代分類

anatomy

《清淨道論》

Vism.153-4

《解脫道論》

T32.434.1

《修行道地經》T15.187.1

1

(牙齒(teeth)--不計作骨)

32顆齒骨dantaṭṭhi

三十二齒骨

三十二骨著口

 

2

手骨(hand bone)(54)腕骨(carpus) (16)掌骨(the metacarpal bone)(10)指骨(a phalanx; a phalange) (28)

 

64手骨hatthaṭṭhi

 

六十四手骨

 

兩骨著肘

 

3

足部 (foot bone)(52)(the anklebone; the hucklebone)(14)足背骨(metatarsus蹠骨、跖骨) (5×2)(the phalanx踵骨) (28)

 

64足骨pādaṭṭhi

 

六十四足骨

 

 

四十骨著足

4

(軟骨cartilage--不計)

64軟骨mudu-aṭṭhi

依肉六十四軟骨

微骨百八

與體肉合

5

(, 28)--含在足部

2踵骨pahikaṭṭhi

 

 

6

(ankle,14)--含在足部

2踝骨gopphakaṭṭhi

 

四十骨著足

7

 

leg bone

(8)

脛骨(2)tibia

腓骨(2) fibula

2脛骨
ja
ghaṭṭhi

(?)脛骨

兩骨著髀

8

髕骨(2) kneecap; the patella

2膝蓋骨jaṇṇukaṭṭhi

 

四骨著膝

9

股骨(2) os femoris

2大腿骨ūruṭṭhi

(?)髀骨

 

10

(含在骨盆)

2臀骨(臗骨)kaiṭṭhi

 

 

11

(12胸骨、5腰骨、1薦骨)

18根脊椎骨
pi
ṭṭhikaṇṭakaṭṭhi

十八脊骨

十八骨著背

12

胸部

chest bone;

thorax

(25)

肋骨(2 x12)

Costa, pl. Costae

24根肋骨
ph
āsukaṭṭhi

二十四脅骨

十八骨著在兩脅

13

(軟骨--不計)

14根胸骨(肋軟骨) uraṭṭhi

十四胸骨

十二骨著胸

14

胸骨(sternum)

1心骨(胸骨)

hadayaṭṭhi

 

胸有七骨

15

 

肩部骨骼

(shoulder bone) (4)

鎖骨(clavicula)(2)

2鎖骨
akkhaka
ṭṭhi

 

 

16

肩胛骨(scapula)(2)

2()
ko
ṭṭaṭṭhi

 

肩有七骨

17

 

手臂骨骼arm bone (6)

肱骨(humerus

上肢)(2)

2臂骨(上膊骨) bāhuṭṭhi

(?)脾骨

(?)臂骨

 

 

 

 

 

四骨著臂

 

18

尺骨(上肢中前臂的內骨,即在尾指側的骨)(2)橈骨(上肢中前臂的外骨,即在大拇指側的骨)(2)

 

 

2前膊骨(ㄋㄠˊradius與尺骨ulna)

aggabāhuṭṭhi

19

(頸椎(7))--含在脊椎

7頸骨(頸椎)gīvaṭṭhi

七項骨

七骨著項

20

(齶骨(2))--含在顔面骨

2腭骨hanukaṭṭhi

 

 

21

(鼻骨(2))--含在顔面骨

1鼻骨(鼻腔) nāsikaṭṭhi

 

 

22

(淚骨(2))--含在顔面骨

2眼骨(眼窩) akkhiṭṭhi

 

 

 

23

耳骨(ear bones即「聽小骨」在中耳) (6)錘骨(2)砧骨(2)鐙骨(2)

 

2耳骨(聽腔) kaṇṇaṭṭhi

 

 

 

24

顔面骨(facial bones面顱) (15)上頜骨下頜骨顴骨(2)淚骨(2)鼻骨(2)下鼻甲(2)齶骨(2)犁骨舌骨(聽小骨)

 

1額骨(前頭骨) nalāṭaṭṭhi

 

 

 

兩骨在頭

25

顱骨(8) (cranial bonecranium)

枕骨(occipital bone)

1頭骨(後頭骨) muddhaṭṭhi

 

(?)頭骨

(?)頰骨

 

 

26

額骨頂骨(2)顳骨(2)蝶骨篩骨

9頭蓋骨

sīsakapālaṭṭhi

 

27

喉部骨骼(the larynx; the throat)(1)舌骨((hyoid bone)

 

 

 

28

脊椎(spine)(24)頸椎(7)胸椎(12)腰椎(5)

 

(?)項骨

 

 

 

29

骨盆(pelvis; basin) (4)髖骨 (hip bones; ilium) (2)(髂骨, 坐骨恥骨, 成年後融合成整體的1髖骨)骶骨(薦骨、骶椎 4 5成年後融合為1骶骨)尾骨(尾椎 35成年後融合為1尾骨)

 

 

 

兩髂骨

 

 

兩骨著臗

 

206

(26)三百骨

(三百骨)

三百骨

 

 

人體骨骼列表(from wikipedia.org)

(sīsa-koṭṭhāsaskull)(22)

頭蓋骨(sīsakapālaṭṭhicranial bone)

1.額骨2.頂骨(2)3.顳骨(2)4.枕骨蝶骨篩骨

面骨(mukha-koṭṭhāsafacial bones)

5.顴骨 (2)6.上頜骨7.下頜骨9.鼻骨 (2)齶骨(2)淚骨(2)犁骨下鼻甲(2)

耳骨 中耳部)(6)錘骨(2)
砧骨(2)鐙骨(2)

喉部骨骼(1)舌骨

肩部(4)25.鎖骨(2)29.肩胛骨 (2)

胸部骨骼(25)10.胸骨28.肋骨(2x12)

脊椎(24)8.頸椎(7) incl. atlas & axis
胸椎(12)14.腰椎(5)

手臂骨骼(6)11.肱骨(2)26.肱骨骨節12.尺骨(2)13.橈骨(2)27.橈骨頭

手骨(hatthaṭṭhihand bone) (54)

腕骨(SahaCarpus)

手舟骨(Scaphoid)(2)月骨(Lunate)(2)

三角骨(Triquetral)(2)豌豆骨 (Pisiform) (2)大多角骨(Trapezium)(2)小多角骨(Trapezoid)(2)頭狀骨(Capitate)(2)鉤骨(Hamate) (2)

掌骨(pādaṭṭhipalm bone)

掌骨(5×2)

指骨近節指骨(5×2)中節指骨(4×2)遠節指骨(5×2)

骨盆(pelvis) (4)

15.髖骨(hip bones or innominate bones) (2)

16.骶骨尾骨

(satthi-koṭṭhāsaleg bone) (8)

17.股骨頭、18.股骨(2)19.髕骨(2)

20.脛骨的軸部、21.腓骨(2)22.大轉子、

23.大腿骨節、24.骨節(2)

足部(pada-koṭṭhāsafoot bone)(52)

(gopphakaṭṭhiankle)

跟骨(2)距骨(2)足舟骨(2)內側楔骨 (2)中間楔骨(2)外側楔骨 (2)骰骨(2)

足背骨:

跖骨(5×2)

骨:近節趾骨(5×2)中節趾骨(4×2)遠節趾骨(5×2)

 

aṭṭhika1 (< aṭṭhi), 【中】1.(=aṭṭhi, a bone )2.(果核或果殼內的)仁,石頭(= aṭṭhi , kernel, stonetālaṭṭhi)aṭṭhisaṅkhalikā(f.), 骨鏈(a chain of bones, a skeleton A.III,324 see also under kaṭaṭṭhika)aṭṭhisaññā, 骨想(the idea of a skeleton)。身體的骨頭︰手骨(hatthaṭṭhika, hattha m.)、足骨(pādaṭṭhika, pāda m. n.)、足踝骨(gopphakaṭṭhika, gopphaka n.)、小腿骨(jaghaṭṭhika, jaghā f.)、大腿骨ruṭṭhika, ūru m.)、髖骨(kaiṭṭhika, kai f.)、肋骨(phāsukaṭṭhika= phāsukā, f.)、脊椎骨(piṭṭhiṭṭhika, piṭṭhi n.)、肩骨(khandhaṭṭhika, khandha m.)、頸骨(gīvaṭṭhika, gīvā f.)、顎骨(hanukaṭṭhika, hanuka f.)、牙齒(dantaṭṭhika, danta m.)、頭顱(sīsakaṭāha m.)

aṭṭhika2 at PvA.180 (sūcik°) to be read aṭṭita (q. v.) for aṭṭika.

aṭṭhita,【形】不堅定的。

aṭṭhīkatvā,【獨】很留心,很注意,興趣。

aḍḍa,【陽】仲裁。Sp.Pāci.IV,906Ettha ca aḍḍoti vohārikavinicchayo vuccati, ya pabbajitā “adhikaraan”tipi vadanti.(仲裁︰法官裁判。凡是涉及出家人的訴訟之語)

aha1,【形】豐富的,富有的。aḍḍhatā,【陰】財富。aḍḍhakula﹐富貴家庭。

aḍḍha2,形】(=addha)【陽】一半。

aḍḍhatiya, aḍḍhateyya,【形】兩個半。

aḍḍhatelasa, aḍḍhateasa (aḍḍha+telasa十三) 十二點五。

aḍḍhadaṇḍaka, 半支杖,一支短杖。

aḍḍhamāsa (aḍḍha+māsa),【陽】半個月。lohaḍḍhamāsa﹐【陽】半個銅錢。

aḍḍhayoga,【陽】屋頂如老鷹翼形的一種屋子。

aḍḍharatta,【中】半夜,午夜。

aḍḍhuḍḍha,【陽】三個半。

aa(ṛṇa),【形】負債,負財物

au(au),【陽】微粒,原子,極微,音譯:阿拏(ㄋㄚˊ)。【形】微小的,微細的,原子的。aumatta,【形】很小型的,細小,小小的。

aṇḍa, aṅḍaka,【中】1.蛋。2.睾丸。

aṇḍaja,【形】卵生的(有情類生從卵出生)。【陽】1.鳥。2.蛇。

aṇḍūpaka,【中】1.() 圈,() 卷。2.墊。

aṇṇa,【陽】水。

aṇṇava(Sk. ara & arava),【陽】1.大水流(a great flood (= ogha瀑流)),大海、海洋(the sea or ocean)2.河流(a stream, river)

aha(Sk. ahna, day, see ahan),【陽】日,天,只有在複合詞,例如:aparaha, pubbaha, majjhaha, sāyaha

at﹐【字根I.】不變地去(to go constantly)

ataccha(a + taccha2),【形】不對的、錯誤的(falsehood, untruth)。【中】謊言。

atakkāvacara,【形】超越推論的範圍的,深奧的。

atandita, atandī,【形】不懶惰的,活躍的。

Atappa,【陽】【中】無熱天人,無熱天界(五淨居天的第二天)

atappaka,【陽】【中】無熱的。

aAtappiya,【形】不可滿足的,不會知足的。

atammaya (a+ta+aya),【形】無彼類。AA.6.104.atammayoti tammayā vuccanti tahādiṭṭhiyo, tāhi rahito.(無彼類:稱為愛與見彼類,沒有這類。) AA.atammayoti tammayā vuccanti tahādiṭṭhiyo, tāhi rahito.(無彼類:稱為愛與見彼類,沒有這類。)

ati-(sk. ati),【字首】直到、過度、超過、出頭、上、大。在母音前ati被同化成acc-

ati-arahant(ati + arahant)超級阿羅漢(a super-Arahant, one who surpasses even other Arahants. Miln.277.)

ati-eti (ati + i), 超越(to go past or beyond, see ger. aticca and pp. atīta)

atikaḍḍhati (ati超越+kaḍḍh拖拉+a), 拉得太出力了,煩惱。atikaḍḍhi,【過】。

atikara,【形】做得過分的,演得過火的。

atikkanta, [atikkamati超過] 的【過超過

atikkama(<ati超越+kam(kram)行;Sk. atikrama),【陽】越過,罪過,違犯行爲(going over or further, passing beyond, traversing)anatikkama,【反】不越過。

atikkamati (ati超越+kam+a), 超過,超越,克服。atikkami,【過】。atikkamma, atikkamitvā【獨】。atikkāmayato(m.s.Abl.)atikkāmentiyā(f.s.Abl.)atikkamitu【不】。

atikhippa,【副】太早,太快。

atikhia,【形】鈍的。

atikhīṇa,【形】1.耗盡,耗損,耗費。2.(弓箭的)射擊。

atiga,【形】(= atigata, atigacchati 的【過), 已渡過。越過(障礙)

atigacchati, (ati超越+gam+a), 克服,超越,戰勝(障礙)atigacchi,【過】。

atigāḷha,【形】密集的,非常緊的。

atighora,【形】可怕的,非常兇猛的。

aticarati (ati超越+car移動+a), 犯法,通姦。aticari,【過】。

aticariyā,【陰】1.犯法。2.越軌,通姦。

aticārī,【陽】1.罪犯。2.越軌,姦夫。cf. pāradārika(姦夫)

aticārinī,【陰】姦婦。

aticca,【獨】已渡過了,已克服了。

atichatta,【中】非凡的陽傘。

atitta,【形】不滿意的。atittabhāva, 不滿意的狀態。

atittha,【中】不適合的地方,做法或方式。

atithi,【陽】客人,陌生人(台語:生分人senn hun7)

atidārua,【形】可怕的,非常殘酷的。

atidivā,【獨】太遲,晚了。

atidisati (ati超越+dis指出+a), 指出,解析。atidisi,【過】。

atidūra,【中】大距離。【形】太遠的,非常遠的。

atideva,【陽】特級的天神。

atidhamati (ati超越+dham(dham/ dhmā)+a), 打鼓打得太多次或太大聲。atidhami,【過】。

atidhāvati (ati超越+dhāv(dhāv)+a), 快快跑,跑過界限。atidhāvi,【過】。

atidhonacārī,【形】沉溺於食,或穿等。

atinivāsa(ati超越+nivāsa), 【陽】久住。A.5.223./III,258.“Pañcime bhikkhave, ādīnavā atinivāse. Katame pañca? Bahubhaṇḍo hoti bahubhaṇḍasannicayo, bahubhesajjo hoti bahubhesajjasannicayo, bahukicco hoti bahukaraṇīyo byatto kikaraṇīyesu, sasaṭṭho viharati gahaṭṭhapabbajitehi ananulomikena gihisasaggena, tamhā ca āvāsā pakkamanto sāpekkho pakkamati.(諸比丘!此等五者,是久住之過失。以何為五?即:東西多蓄東西多;藥多蓄多藥;作務多,任何大小事學習作務多;與在家出家雜住,不適當的與在家結交;及自彼住處出時,有所掛念而出。)

atināmeti (ati超越+nam+e), 消磨時間。atināmesi,【過】。

atipaṇḍita,【形】太聰明的。

atipapañca,【陽】延誤得太久。

atipassati (ati超越+dis指出+a), 仔細地看。atipassi,【過】。

atipāta(ati超越+ pat落下),【陽】殺死,殺害,謀殺(attack, only in phrase pāṇātipāta destruction of life, slaying, killing, murder)

atipātī(Atipātin),【陽】殺害者,兇手,破壞者(one who attacks or destroys)

atipāteti (ati超越+pat落下+e) (denom. fr. atipāta), 破壞,殺。atipātesi,【過】。

atippago(cp. Sk. atiprage),【無】太早(too early, usually elliptical = it is too early (with inf. carituṁ etc.)

atibahala,【形】非常厚的。

atibāḷha,【副】太多。

atibāheti (ati超越+vah獲得+e), (車等)開出,()駛出,劃出。atibāhesi,【過】。

atibhaginī,【陰】很親愛的姐妹。

atibhāra,【陽】很重的擔子。atibhāriya,【形】太重的,非常嚴重的。

atibhoti (ati超越+bhū(bhū)變成+a), 優於,勝過,戰勝。atibhavi,【過】。

atimaññati (ati超越+man(man)+ya), 輕視。atimaññi,【過】。Atimaññateti omānāti mānavasena atimaññati.(輕蔑:不尊敬、充滿傲慢、輕視。)

atimaññanā,【陰】傲慢,狂妄自大(台語:儑面gam7 bin7)輕視。

atimanāpa,【形】很親愛的,非常可愛的。

atimatta,【形】太多。

atimamāyati(ati + mamāyati, cp. Sk. atīmamāyate in diff. meaning = envy), 非常喜歡(to favour too much),溺愛、喜歡(to spoil or fondle)

atimahanta(Sk. atimāna, ati + māna),【形】巨大,過大(very or too great)

atimāna,【陽】驕傲,自大(high opinion (of oneself), pride, arrogance, conceit)atimānī,【陽】驕傲的人。cp. Atimaññanā

atimukhara,【形】非常喜歡說話的,太多嘴的。

atimuttaka,【陽】1.善思花、阿提牟哆華、善思夷華、苣藤、苣勝子(atimuktakaGuertnera Racemosa),形如大麻,赤華青葉,子油可作香。2.阿提目多(比丘之)

atiyācanā,【陰】請求太多,過份的乞求。

atiyāti (ati超越+yā+a), 優於,勝過,戰勝。atiyāyi,【過】。

atiriccati (ati超越+ric空掉+ya), 剩餘,餘留。atiricci,【過】。

Atiritta, (Atiriccati的【過), 已餘留。

Atiriva,【無】過度地,非常,熱烈。

Atireka,【形】過度的,過頭的。atireka, atirekatara,【副】過分地,非常。atirekatā,【陰】過度。

Atirocati (ati超越+ruc發光+a), 亮,比壯麗。atirocati vaṇṇena﹐容光煥發。atiroci,【過】。

Atiluddha,【形】非常守財奴,很吝嗇,(銀根)緊的。

Ativatta(pp. of ativattati: Sk. ativṛtta),【形】超越克服。

Ativattati (ati超越+vat(vt)使轉動+a; Sk. ativartate)﹐越過,超越(to pass, pass over, go beyond; to overcome, get over; conquer)

Ativattana,【中】克服。

Ativatteti (ati超越+ vat(vt)使轉動+e), 克服。ativattesi,【過】。

Ativassati (ati超越+vass下雨+a), 淌下,傾注。ativassi,【過】。ativuṭṭha,【過】。

Ativākya,【中】謾駡,責備。

Ativāhaka,【形】有負擔的人,向導。

Ativijjhati (ati超越+vidh貫穿+ya), 看穿,看透,通達。ativijjhi,【過】。

Ativiya(Sk. atīva= ati + iva, orig. “much-like” like an excess = excessive-ly),【無】許多。(1) ati + iva in contraction atīva; -- (2) ati + iva with epenthetic r: atiriva (v. l. SS. atīva); (3) ati + viya (the doublet of iva) = ativiya.

Ativela,【形】長時的,過度的。

Ativela,【副】長時,超過時間。

Atisaya,【陽】豐富,富足。atisayena,【副】非常地。

Atisarati (ati超越+sar(s)動轉+a), 越過(界限等),違背(規則),犯()atisari,【過】。

Atisāya,【副】晚上。

Atisāra,【陽】1.超越。2.痢疾,赤痢。

Atisua,【陽】瘋狗。

Atiharati (ati超越+har+a), 1.遺留,繼續。2.拿來,取來,帶來。atihari,【過】。

Atīta (ati+ita<iSk. atīta),【形】過去的,離去的,已去的((temporal) past, gone by)。【陽】過去。atītānāgatapaccuppanna(atītā過去+n+āgata未來+paccuppanna現在)過去(atītapast)、已滅(niruddhaceased)、已離(vigata;dissolved)、已變易(vipariatachanged)、已終止(atthagataterminated)、已消失(abbhatthagatadisappeared)、生已離(uppajjitvā vigatahaving arisen has dissolved);未生(ajātanot born)、未存在(abhūtanot become)、未產生(asañjātanot begotten 未招致)、未起(anibbattanot existent)、未現起(anabhinibbattafully non-existent)、未出現(apātubhūtanot apparent)、未發生(anuppannanot risen)、未全發生(asamuppannanot well risen)、未生起(anuṭṭhitanot uprisen)、未全生起(asamuṭṭhitanot well uprisen);已生( jātaborn)、已存在( bhūtabecome)、已產生( sañjātabegotten 招致)、已起(nibbattaexistent)、已現起(abhinibbattafully existent)、已出現(pātubhūtaapparent)、已發生(uppannarisen)、已全發生(samuppannawell risen)、已生起(uṭṭhitauprisen)、已全生起(samuṭṭhitawell uprisen)

Anatīta(an+atīta過去), 【形】【陽】未來(=anāgata, the future)

Atīva,【無】非常,多。

Atula【形】無比的,無等的。

Ato,【無】因此,今後。

Atta1(ā+d+ta; that is, ādadāti()【過; cp.Sk. ātta)(to take up)抓住(grasp, seize)attadaṇḍa, 暴力者(he who has taken a stick in hand, a violent person)【反】niratta《經集》(Sn.858CS:864)“Na tassa puttā pasavo, khetta vatthuñca vijjati; Attā vāpi nirattā vā , na tasmi upalabbhati.(他無兒子、牲畜、田地和財產;他確實無拿,也無放下。)《經集》(Sn.787CS:793)Upayo hi dhammesu upeti vāda, anūpaya kena katha vadeyya. Attā nirattā‚ na hi tassa atthi, adhosi so diṭṭhimidheva sabbanti.(執著種種觀點便會導致爭論,但依憑什麼與無所執著的人爭論呢?他確實無拿,也無放下,他在這世間滌除一切觀點。《經集》(Sn.925CS:919)“Ajjhattamevupasame na aññato bhikkhu santimeseyya; Ajjhatta upasantassa, natthi attā kuto nirattā vā.”(比丘應該內心平靜,而不應該從他方尋找平靜;對於內心平靜(的人),即無所得,豈有所失。)

Atta2 (attan) (Vedic ātman),【陽】靈魂,自己。單..attā;複..attāattāno;單..attaattā;複.attāattāno;單..attānaṁatta;複..attāattāno;單..attanāattena;複..attehiattûhi;單..attanāattamhāattasmāattato;複..attehiattûhi;單..﹑屬.attanoattassa;複..﹑屬.attānaattūna;單.attaneattaniattamhiattasmi;複..attesuattûsuattakāma,【無】喜愛自己,自憐(love of self)attakilamatha,【陽】自我虐待(self-mortification)attagutta,【形】自衛(selfguarded)attagutti,【陰】自己照顧自己(watchfulness as regards one’s self, self-care)attaghañña,【中】自我毀滅(self-destruction)attadattha(atta-d-attha),【陽】自己的福利(one’s own profit or interest)attadanta,【形】自我克制。attadiṭṭhi,【陰】靈魂的推測(speculation concerning the nature of the soul)attabhāva(BSk.ātmabhāva),【陽】個人、個性、個體、自己存活(person, personality, individuality, living creature; form, appearance)attavāda,【陽】靈魂的理論。attavadha,【陽】害己(如︰利養、恭敬、名望(lābhasakkārasiloko)能害己。Vin.Cv.II,188.)attahita,【中】個人的福利。attasaraṇā=attappaisaraṇā自己的庇護所。cp.ātuman, tuma, puggala, jīva, satta, pāṇa and nāma-rūpa.attatthiya looking after one’s own needs.attâdhipaka master of oneself, self-mastered.attadhipateyya selfdependence, self-reliance, independence.attâdhīna independent.attânudiṭṭhi speculation about souls.attânuyogin one who concentrates his attention on himself.attânuvāda blaming oneself.attuññā self-humiliation.(+att-avaññā).attuddesa relation to oneself (= attano atthāya).attakata self-made (opp. para°).attakāra individual self, fixed individuality, oneself.attagarahin self-censuring.attañū knowing oneself.attadaṇḍa see atta1 attadanta selfrestrained, self-controlled.attapaccatthika hostile to oneself .attaparitāpana self-chastisement, mortification.attaparittā charm (protection) for oneself. attaparibhava disrespect for one’s own personnevattāna(na eva attāna)()沒讓自己。Atthi me attāti(有我的真我,《中阿含經》譯:真有神)Natthi me attāti(無有我的真我,《中阿含經》譯:真無神)Attanā va attānasanjānāmīti(我由真我覺知真我,《中阿含經》譯:神見神)Attanā va anattānasañjānāmīti(我由真我覺知非真我,《中阿含經》譯:神見非神)Anattanā va attānasañjānāmīti(我由非真我覺知真我,《中阿含經》譯:非神見神)n’eta mama, n’eso’ham asmi, na me so attā(此非我所有,此非我,此非我的「我」。經中常譯作:「非我、不異我、不相在」。「此非我的『我』」即:「五蘊不在我中,我不在五蘊中」。)

  《阿毘達摩義廣釋》(Vibhv.CS:p.219)Vadanti etenāti vādo, khandhehi byatirittābyatirittavasena vīsati parikappitassa attano vādo attavādo.

Atta3 [Sk.akta, pp. of añjati] see upatta.

Attaja,【形】從自己的行動(proceeding from oneself)。【陽】兒子。

Attadīpa(attadvīpa),【形】自洲(以自己為洲,relying on oneself, independent, founded on oneself),不可譯作「以自己為燈」。D.16./II,100.Tasmātihānanda, attadīpā viharatha attasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā, dhammadīpā dhammasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā.  Kathañcānanda, bhikkhu attadīpo viharati attasarao anaññasarao, dhammadīpo dhammasarao anaññasarao?  Idhānanda, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati atāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassa.( 因此,阿難!以自己為洲(attadīpā),以自己為歸依(attasaraṇā=attappaisaraṇā自己的庇護所),勿以他人為歸依(anaññasaraṇā)。阿難!云何為比丘以自己為洲,以自己為歸依,勿以他人為歸依;以法為洲(dhammadīpo),以自己為歸依(dhammasarao),勿以他人為歸依(anaññasarao)?阿難!比丘當住於在身隨觀身(kāye kāyānupassī viharati),熱心(atāpī),具有正念.正知(sampajāno satimā),應引導離開(vineyya﹐調伏)世間貪婪及憂心(loke  abhijjhādomanassa)) D.16./II,101.Ye hi keci, Ānanda, etarahi vā mama vā accayena attadīpā viharissanti attasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā, dhammadīpā dhammasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā, tamatagge me te, Ānanda, bhikkhū bhavissanti ye keci sikkhākāmā”ti.( 阿難!無論現在或我去世後,若他們將以自己為洲,以自己為歸依,勿以他人歸依;以自己為洲,以自己為歸依,勿以他人歸依。阿難!他們在我之比丘中將達到的最高境界(tama-t-agge=arahattanikūṭa阿羅漢的頂峰),但必須樂於修學(sikkhākāmā))DA.16./II,548.Attadīpāti mahā-samudda-gata-dīpa viya attāna dīpa patiṭṭha katvā viharatha”(自洲︰好像已立於大海的洲島,我們住在已作自己的依止的洲島。) (以修習法義來說,法經過自己思惟、實踐、印證,才成為自己的依靠的洲島。)D.16./CS:p.2.146.Dvīhi bhāgehi āpo gato etthāti dīpo.(此處已立二分水為) aññadīpa【反】異洲

Attaniya(<attā),【形】自己的。

Attantapa,【形】自我禁欲(self-mortifying, self-vexing)

Attapaccakkha,【形】自我見證,親身體驗(by or with his own presence, i.e.himself)attapaccakkhika證者(eye-witness)

Attapailābha,【陽】獲得一個個體(acquisition of a personality)

Attabhāvapariyāpannā,【形】有自體的眾生,有身體的眾生。PsA.(CS:pg.2.209)Attabhāvo vuccati sarīra, khandhapañcakameva vā, ta upādāya paññattimattasabbhāvato, tasmi attabhāve pariyāpannā paricchinnā antogadhāti attabhāvapariyāpannā.(有自體(的眾生)(attabhāvo),稱為有身體(sarīra);或者說有五蘊(khandhapañcakameva),它包括、限量、包括自體的形象,為有自體的眾生) 「無想眾生」是一蘊,及「無色界眾生」是四蘊,都不是有身體的眾生。

Attamana,【形】高興。attamanatā,【陰】喜悅,愉快。

Attasanniyyātana, 奉獻自己DA.2./I,231~2.Api ca Bhagavato attāna pariccajāmi, dhammassa, saghassa, attāna pariccajāmi, jīvita pariccajāmi, pariccattoyeva me attā, pariccattayeva jīvita, jīvitapariyantika Buddha saraa gacchāmi, Buddho me saraa lea tāṇanti evampi attasanniyyātana veditabba.(再者,以:『我把自己捨給世尊、我把自己捨給法、僧,以及我施捨(我的)生命。如此將自己捨給佛等。我已經施捨自己,已經施捨生命。直到命終我歸依佛,佛是我的歸依、庇護、避難處。)當知如此為奉獻自己)

Attasambhava,【形】自己發生的。

Attahetu,【無】爲了自己。

Attāṇa,【形】沒有保護。

atth﹐【字根I.】祈禱(to pray)

Attha1, aṭṭha,【陽】福利,增益,財富,意義。atthakkhāyī,【形】指出什麽是有益的。atthakara,【形】有益的。atthakāma,【形】有益的欲。atthakusala,【形】善於尋找利益,善於解說。atthacara,【形】做好事,做善事。atthacariyā,【陰】做好事,利行。atthadassī,【形】好意地,好心。atthabhañjaka,【形】損福利。atthavādī,【陽】講好話的人。

Attha2(Vedic asta),【中】家(home, primarily as place of rest & shelter. Only in Acc. and as attha-: atthaṅgacchati to disappear, to go out of existence, to vanish(= vināsaṁ natthibhāvaṁ gacchati), (= parikkhayaṁ gacchati); pp. atthaṅgata, 已回家、已休息、已去、已消失(gone home, gone to rest, gone, disappeare)d; of the sun (= set): (atthangate suriye at sunset); (anatthangate s. before sunset) (atthagata).(= niruddha ucchinṇa vinaṭṭha anupādi-sesāya nibbāna-dhātuyā nibbuta). --atthagatatta (nt. abstr.) disappearance. --atthaṅgama (atthagama passim) annihilation, disappearance; opposed to samudaya (coming into existence) and synonymous with nirodha (destruction). --atthagamana (nt.) setting (of the sun) (suriyass’atthagamanā at sunset) (= ogamana). -- attha-gāmin, in phrase uday’atthagāmin leading to birth and death (of paññā): see udaya. --atthaṁ paleti = atthangacchati (= atthangameti nirujjhati). -- Also atthamita (pp. of i) set (of the sun) in phrase anatthamite suriye before sunset (with anatthangamite as v. l. at both pass.).

Attha3, (atthi 的【2.現】)你們是。

Atthakathā,【陰】論,義釋,注解。

Atthagama, atthagama(< attha gacchati 滅沒。attha(n. sk. asta() +gama<gam, 原指回家)【陽】滅沒,滅絕(annihilation, disappearance)

Atthaññū,【形】懂得意義或什麽是屬於善的的人。

Atthata (attharati 的【過), 已鋪開,已打開。

Attadattha(atta自己+d+attha利益)自己的利益(指道、果、涅槃)

Atthara,【陽】毯子,地毯。

Attharaa,【中】套,罩,床單。

Attharaka,【陽】鋪開的人。

Attharati (ā+thar+a), 鋪,擺開。atthari,【過】。attharāpeti,【使】。

Atthavasa,【陽】理由,用途。

Atthāya (attha 的【與】), …起見。Kimatthāya = 爲何目的?什麽爲?

Atthāra,【陽】鋪開。atthāraka,【陽】鋪開的人。

Atthi(=santi) (as+a+tiSk. asti), 有,在,存在,想。【1..現】asmi, amhi。【2..現】asi。【3.現】atthi。【1..現】asma (smaḥ),amha, amhāse, asmāse。【2..現】attha。【3..現】atthi, santi。【命】atthu。【1..祈】siyā (syām), assaṁ(= bhaveyyaṁ) 。【2..祈】siyā (syāḥ) 。【3.祈】siyā ( syāt), assa。【1..祈】assu, assāma(願我們是)3..祈】assu [cp.syuḥ] 。【1..過】āsiṁ ( āsaṁ), ahosiṁ。【2..過】āsi (āsīt) 。【3.過】āsuṁ (cp.perf. āsuḥ)。【現santa(m.p.Nom.), samāna, santi, satiyā(ppr.(f.s.Loc.))。【處】ppr. sati

Atthika, atthiya, atthī,【形】熱望,想,尋找。atthikatā﹐熱望性。

Atthika,【陽】覓道者(seeker)

Atthitā,【陰】atthibhāva,【陽】存在,存在的事實。

Atthu, (atthi 的【祈】), 但願如此!

Attheva(atthi+eva)﹐有如是。

Atra,【副】此,這裡。

Atraja,【形】自己誕生的。【陽】兒子。atrajā,【陰】女兒(台語:查某囝ca5 boo2 kiann2)

Atriccha,【形】非常貪婪的。atricchā, atricchatā,【陰】過度的貪欲。

Atha, Atho,【無】然後,當時,其次,於是,也,同樣。athassa(atha+assa)﹐然後,給這個。atha ca, 然而、然、雖然如此。athavā, 或然。athāpi,然而。

-atha﹐名詞語基。

Athabbaṇa, Āthabbaṇa (Vedic atharvan), 1.阿闥婆吠陀(the Atharva Veda DA.I,247 = SnA 447 (°veda)2.阿闥婆吠陀的人(one who is familiar with the (magic formulas of the) Atharvaveda J.VI,490. (sāthabbaṇa=sahatthivejja, with the elephant-healer or doctor))

Athāpara(atha然後+apara更進一步),【副】然後更進一步。

ad(ad)﹐【字根I.】吃(to eat)

Adaka,【形】吃的人。

Adati (ad+a), 吃。adi,【過】。

Adana,【中】食。

Adadi (dadāti 的【過】), Adā, (dadāti 【過特】), 他給了。

Adassana (a+dassana),【形】【中】缺席,消失,瞶眛,看不見。

Adassāvin (a+dassāvin有見),【形】不見。

Addasa, Addasā, ([dassati] 的【2..過】、【3.過】)

Adasu, [dadāti給與、施] 的【3..過】, 給與。

Adiṭṭha (a+diṭṭha見【過),【形】未見的。adiṭṭhe diṭṭhavāditā, 不見言見。adiṭṭhe adiṭṭhavāditā, 不見言不見。diṭṭhe adiṭṭhavāditā, 見言不見。diṭṭhe diṭṭhavāditā, 見言見。

Adinna (a+dinna給與【過),【形】【副】未給的。

Adinnādāna (adinna未給與【過+ādāna拿起【中】),【中】竊盜(拿起未被給與者)Pārā.III,46.Adinna nāma ya adinna anissaṭṭha apariccatta rakkhita gopita mamāyita parapariggahita. Eta adinna nāma. (不給予︰凡是不給予,非捨棄物,非永遠捨棄物,被守護之物,被人珍愛,他人所有物,此稱為「不給予」。) KhA.26.Adinnādānanti ettha adinnanti parapariggahita, yattha paro yathākāmakārita āpajjanto adaṇḍāraho anupavajjo ca hoti, tasmi parapariggahite parapariggahitasaññino tadādāyaka- upakkamasamuṭṭhāpikā kāyavacīdvārāna aññataradvārappavattā eva theyyacetanā adinnādāna.(不與取(adinnādāna)︰他人所擁有的為「不()與」(adinna)。當在他人為所欲為的侵犯(=偷竊)時,也是不作處罰、不責難的。(「不與取」為)他人所擁有,他人所擁有想,生起採取盜取的行動,運用身、語門中的一門,以盜思(=)不與而取。)KhA.34.Adinnādānā veramaiyā mahaddhanatā pahūtadhanadhaññatā anantabhogatā anuppannabhoguppattitā uppannabhogathāvaratā icchitāna bhogāna khippappailābhitā rājacorudakaggi-appiyadāyādehi asādhāraabhogatā asādhāraadhanappailābhitā lokuttamatā natthikabhāvassa ajānanatā sukhavihāritāti evamādīni.(離不與取:大財富,財穀豐富,無量財產,生出未起的財產,已生起的財產堅固,所欲之財迅速獲得,財產不與王、賊、水、火、不肖者所共,得不共財,世間的領導,無所不知,樂住,如此等())

Adinnādāyin (adinna未給與【過+ādāyin拿起【形】),【形】拿起未被給與者。SA.14.25./II,143.Adinna ādiyantīti adinnādāyino, parassahārinoti attho. (不與取:不與而取,拿走他人之物。)

Adissamāna,【形】見不到的。

Adu,【中】(屬於 amu ),某某東西。

adukkha (a+dukkha),【中】不苦。

adukkhamasukha (adukkha非苦+m+asukha非樂),【中】【形】非苦非樂。S.36.19./IV,223.Dve vedanā vuttā Bhagavatā--sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā.  Yāya, bhante, adukkhamasukhā vedanā, santasmi esā paṇīte sukhe vuttā Bhagavatā”ti.(世尊唯說二種之受,即樂受與苦受是。大德!凡此不苦不樂所示者,世尊說此有靜寂微妙之樂(santasmi esā paṇīte sukhe))

aduṭṭha (a+duṭṭha為難【過),【過】不為難。

Adūbhaka,【形】不奸詐的,靠得住的。

add﹐【字根I.】請求(to beg)

Adda,【形】潤濕的,生的(水果),未熟的(水果)

Addaka(ārdraka ),【中】生薑。

Addakkhi, ([dakkhati] 的【過】)

Addasa, addasā, ([dakkhati] 【過特】), 他看了。

Addā,【陰】參宿(二十七星宿(ㄒㄧㄡˋ)之一)

Addi,【陽】山。

Addita,【過】已苦惱,已十分憂慮。

Addha(skt. ardha),(=aḍḍha)II.(=addhan)旅路、時間addhamāsa,【陽】半個月。ardhāsana,【梵】半座。

Addhagata (addha旅路+gata去【過),【形】【陽】活過一世人生,老人(日語:お年寄り,otosiyoli)

Addhagū (addhan旅路+gū),【陽】旅行者。

Addhamāsa (addha+māsa) 【中】半個月(=aḍḍhamāsa)

Addhaniya (<addhan旅路、時間),【形】可旅行的,永久的,永恒的,持久的。

Addhā,【無】一定,必定,真正地,實際上,確實,實在,真的。

Addhā,【陽】1.路徑。2.時間,世。tayo addhā,三時(three times)atīto addhā,過去時(past time)anāgato addhā,未來時(future time)paccuppanno addhā,現在時(present time)【副】的確。

Addhāna,【中】很長的路途、長時間()

Addhānamagga (addhāna旅路+magga), 旅路道。

Addhānamaggapaipanna (addhānamagga旅路道+paipanna行【過),【過】對旅路道行。

Addhika,【陽】旅行者,旅客。

Addhunā ( [addhan旅路、時間] 的【工】), 旅路、時間。

Addhuva,【形】不穩定的,暫時的,非永久的。

Advaya (a+dvaya二重),【形】無二重(ㄔㄨㄥˊ)、無兩種。

Advejjha,【形】無疑的,確定的。

Adha-, 以下(see under adho)

Adhama ([ adho向下] 的最高級) ),【形】最下的,低劣的,卑賤的。

Adhamma (a+dhamma),【陽】1.不檢點的行爲。2.邪法、非法。A.7.79./IV,141Ye kho tva, Upāli, dhamme jāneyyāsi--‘ime dhammā na 1ekantanibbidāya 2virāgāya 3nirodhāya 4upasamāya 5abhiññāya 6sambodhāya 7nibbānāyasavattantī’ti ekasena, Upāli, dhāreyyāsi--‘neso dhammo neso vinayo neta Satthusāsanan’ti. Ye ca kho tva, Upāli, dhamme jāneyyāsi--‘ime dhammā 1ekantanibbidāya 2virāgāya 3nirodhāya 4upasamāya 5abhiññāya 6sambodhāya 7nibbānāya savattatī’ti; ekasena, Upāli, dhāreyyāsi--‘eso dhammo eso vinayo eta Satthusāsanan’”ti.(優波利!即任何法,你若知這些法,不能生起1一向厭背(ekantanibbidāya厭離、不滿之意)2離染(virāgāya)3(nirodhāya;染等之滅、不生起)4寂靜(upasamāya;染污的寂靜)5通智(abhiññāya全面知,無常等三相熟練之後,全面知之意)6正覺(sambodhāya三菩提,覺悟四聖諦。四道智被稱為菩提)7涅槃(nibbānāya),優波利!則是非法、非律、非師教,不必持。優波利!又,即任何法,汝若知這些法,生起1一向厭背,2離染、3滅、4寂靜、5通智、6正覺、7涅槃,優波利!則是法、是律、是師教,必當持。)

Adhammacārī, 非法行MA.97./III,430.Adhammacārīti pañca dussīlyakammāni vā dasa dussīlyakammāni vā idha adhammo nāma.(非法行:五種惡戒(破五戒),及十種不善法,這些非法。)

Adhara,【陽】唇。【形】較低的。

Adhi-,【字首】一直到,在上,增上,在上面,上等。例子︰ajjhārāmāadhiārāmā),adhi有強調地點的作用,當「adhi+母音開頭的字」時,就會變音為「ajjh+母音開頭的字」,參《巴英辭典》10bārāma寺院。ajjhāvasatha(addhi+āvasatha房間)房間。

Adhika (<adhi上、上等; cp. Sk. adhika),【形】勝過的,優勢的(superior, Pug.35; VvA.80 (= anadhivara, visiṭṭha))adhikatara,【形】更勝的。

Adhikata,【形】受委任的,促成的。

Adhipacca (adhipati+ya (抽象名詞) ) 【中】主權。

AdhipatipaccayaĀdhipatipaccaya﹐【陽】增上緣( predominance condition)。不能當所緣增上緣的:瞋根心2個、癡根心2個、苦俱身識1個。不能當所緣增上緣的心所:瞋、嫉、慳、惡作、疑。因此,沒有「逆增上緣」,逆境或不如意境只能作「自然親依止緣」。

Adhippeta(Sk. abhipreta, adhi + ppa + i, lit. gone into, gone for; cp. Adhippāya), 1.欲望、認同(desired, approved of, agreeable)2.意謂、意圖(meant, understood, intended as.)

Adhippetatta (abstr. fr. adhippeta), ,【中】意謂的事實(the fact of being meant or understood as, in Abl. °ā with reference to, as is to be understood of.)

Adhikamāsa﹐【陽】閏月。

Adhikaraa (adhi+karaa) ,【中】案件,起訴,訴訟,控告,上作adhikaraa,【副】結果,因爲,爲了。adhikaraasamatha,【陽】爭論或訴訟的解決。adhikaraika,【陽】法官。

Adhikaraa,【副】由於。

Adhikaraṇī,【陰】鐵砧。

Adhikāra,【陽】1.管理。2.辦公室。3.熱望。

Adhikoṭṭana,【中】斷頭臺或屠夫用的案板。

Adhigacchati (adhi+gam+a), 1.達到,獲得,證得。2.領悟。adhigacchi,【過】。【3.過】ajjhagā。【3..過】ajjhāgamu。【3.祈】adhigaccheadhigaccheyya。【過adhigata

Adhigahāti (adhi+gah+hā), 超越,持有,擊敗。adhigahi,【過】。

Adhigata, (adhigacchati達到的【過)達到

Adhigama (<adhigacchati獲得),【陽】獲得,證得,達到,知識。

Adhigameti (adhi+gam+e), 1.達到,獲得。2.領悟。參考 adhigacchati

Adhiggahita, (adhigahāti超越的【過) 超越

Adhicitta (adhi上等+citta),【中】較高的心(上等心、增上心),入定的心( “higher thought”, meditation, contemplation)AA.3.100./II,364.adhicitta samathavipassanācittameva.(增上心︰止與觀的心)

Adhiceto(adhi上等+ceto),【中】較高的心(lofty-minded, entranced)

Adhicca1 (adhīyati 的【獨】), 學會了或背誦了。adhiccasamuppanna,【形】不需要因素就能生起,自然的。

Adhicca2(Sk. *adhṛtya, a + *dhicca, ger. of dhṛ), 未支持,無因的(unsupported, uncaused, fortuitous, without cause or reason)adhiccāpattika,無心之過(guilty without intention)adhiccuppatti,(spontaneous origin)adhiccaladdha,(obtained without being asked for, unexpectedly)adhiccasamuppanna,(arisen without a cause, spontaneous, unconditioned)

Adhicca3 , 沒有理由的(without a cause (for assumption), unreasonable)

Adhiṭṭhāti, adhiṭṭhahati(adhi+hā站立、存續+a),(Sk. adhitiṣṭhati, adhi + sthā), 站穩,決定,守住堅持adhiṭṭhāsi, adhiṭṭhahi,【過】。adhiṭṭhāya,【義】。adhiṭṭhātabba,【未被】。adhiṭṭhahitvā,【獨】。adhiṭṭheti, 【使】。

Adhiṭṭhātabba,【義】適合決定的。

Adhiṭṭhāna (<adhi+sthā站立、存續、停止),【中】立足,決定,決議,決心(decision, resolution, aspiration, self determination, will)adhiṭṭhānavasitā﹐決意(住定)自在,入定的時間能夠依自己的意願而決定。

Adhiṭṭhāya, ([adhiṭṭhāti決定] 的【獨】) 決定

Adhiṭṭhāyaka,【形】指揮,照顧。【陽】監督人。

Adhiṭṭhita, (adhiṭṭhāti 的【過﹐梵adhiṣṭhita) 決定,承擔,加持,攝受,護念( standing on, looked after, managed, undertaken, governed, undertaking, bent on)svādhiṭṭhita(su+adhiṭṭhita)﹐善攝受

Adhipa, adhipati, adhippati,【陽】君主,主人,統治者。trayāḥa adhipatiśikṣāḥ﹐三增上學。

Adhipacca (adhipati+ya (抽象名詞) ) ,【中】主權。

Adhipajjati (adhi+pajjati), 到達。adhipanna,【過】。

Adhipaññā,【陰】較高的智慧。

Adhipatana,【中】1.攻擊。2.降臨。3.跳躍。

Adhipanna, 1.【過】到達。2.【過】抓住(adhipajjati‘到達的【過)

Adhipāta,【陽】破壞。

Adhipātaka,【陽】蠹,蛾,飛蛾,蚱蜢,蝗蟲。adhipātikā,【陰】跳蚤。

Adhipāteti, (adhi+pat落下+e), 破壞,毀。

Adhippāya (adhi+pāya前往),【陽】1.意圖、欲求(intention, wish, desire); (-adhippāya) desiring (hassadhippāya in play = khiḍḍatthika). 2. 意趣,結論,推論(sense, meaning, conclusion, inference) (cp. adhigama). --adhippāyena (Instr.) in the way of, like.

A.6.52./III,363.“Khattiyā bho Gotama, ki-adhippāyā, ki-upavicārā, ki-adhiṭṭhānā, ki-abhinivesā, kipariyosānā”ti? “Khattiyā kho, brāhmaa, bhogādhippāyā paññūpavicārā balādhiṭṭhānā pathavībhinivesā issariyapariyosānā”ti.(尊者瞿曇!剎帝利有何之欲求,有何之近行,有何之所托,有何之思慕,有何之究竟耶?)(婆羅門!剎帝利者欲求財物,以慧為近行,以軍為所托,由地而起取著,以掌權為究竟。)

Adhippeta(adhi +ppa+i,梵 abhipreta),【過1.已需要(desired),已證實(approved of),符合的(agreeable)2.已意圖(meant),已瞭解(understood)

Adhibhavati (adhi+bhū+a), 擊敗。adhibhavi,【過】。adhibhūta,【過】。

Adhibhāsati (adhi+bhāsati) 說。【過】ajjhabhāsi

Adhimatta,【形】非常的,太多。adhimattā,【陰】過度,太豐富。

Adhimāna,【陽】過度的自我估計,增上慢

Adhimānika,【形】實際上未證得神聖的智慧,卻認爲自己已證得。

Adhimuccati (adhi +muc(muc / mok)釋放+ya), 1.信解(直譯:被確定)2.被陰靈入身。adhimucci,【過】。adhimutta,【過】。

Adhimucca,【中】信解,勝解。

Adhimuccana,【中】1.決定。2.鬼入身。

Adhimucchita, (adhimucchati 的【過), 已入迷。

Adhimutta, (adhimuccati信解、被確定的【過), 已意圖,已傾向。 adhimuttaka, 阿提牟哆華,增上信花。

Adhimutti,【陰】決心,性情。adhimuttika,【形】傾向,執著。

Adhimokkha (<[adhi上﹑上等]+[muc釋放﹑出聲] ),【陽】堅固的決心,決心,確定。《廣釋》(Vibhv.p.82CS:p.106)adhimuccana adhimokkho, so sanniṭṭhānalakkhao, ārammae niccalabhāvena indakhīlo viya daṭṭhabbo.(諸信解為勝解,它具有探查相,在所緣上以不動的狀態,就像見到(穩固的)因陀陀柱一樣。)《廣釋》(Vibhv.p.206.CS:pg.271)balavasaddhindriyasakhāto adhimokkho.(勝解︰有力的信根之謂)(十種觀染定義「勝解」) 《清淨道論》(Vism.466.)Adhimuccana adhimokkho.  So sanniṭṭhānalakkhao, asasappanaraso, nicchayapaccupaṭṭhāno, sanniṭṭheyyadhammapadaṭṭhāno, ārammae niccalabhāvena indakhīlo viya daṭṭhabbo.(勝解」等於信解。有確信的特相;有不猶豫的作用;以決定為現狀;以確信之法為近因。當知它於所緣有不動的狀態,如因陀羅的柱石(indakhila界標))勝解」不包括在疑相應心裡,因當時的心搖擺不定。

Adhimoceti ( adhimuccati‘信解【使】),使信解。【2..命】adhimocehi。【過adhimocita

Adhimokkha (<[adhi上﹑上等]+[muc釋放﹑出聲] ),【陽】確定。

Adhirohanī,【陰】梯。

Adhivacana (adhi上等+vacana言詞) ,【中】上等言詞,術語(term),標明(designation)

Adhivattati (adhi +vattati發生), ,發生在上,擊敗(overpower)adhivatti,【過】。

Adhivattha,【形】居住於,住在。

Adhivasati (adhi+vas滯留+a), 居住於,住在。adhivasi,【過】。

Adhivāsaka,【形】持久的;病人。

Adhivāsana (參考 [adhivāseti使之滯留在上、同意] ),【中】同意。

Adhivāsanā,【陰】堅忍,耐心。adhivāsanakkhanti,堅忍與耐心adhivāsana, adhivāsanā,【梵】堅忍,安受,忍受。

Adhivāsita,【梵】堅忍忍受熏習薰習。薰習另有︰【梵】āvāsita paribhāvita parivāsita

Adhivāseti (adhi+vāseti使滯留), 1.等候(使之滯留在)2.同意。【過】adhivāesi。【3.過】ajjhavāsayi, ajjhavasāyi。【3.命】adhivāsetu(BPA 1.consent to sojourn 2.consent)

Adhivāhana (< adhi + vah),【中】【形】攜帶,運送(carrying, bringing, bearing Sn.79);【陰】ādhivāhanī(Th.1, 519.)yogakkhemādhivāhana, 瑜伽運安穩

Adhivutti(adhi+vutti,<adhi+vac, cp.Sk.abhivadati) 【陰】表達(expression),說(saying),意見(opinion)adhivuttipada (=adhivacana-pada DA.I,103.)﹐深解語句(statements of doctrine)

Adhivuttha, adhivattha, (adhivasati滯留在的【過)滯留在

Adhisīla,【中】較高的道德。

Adhiseti (adhi+si眠﹑臥+e), 躺著adhisesi,【過】。adhisayita,【過】。

Adhīna,【形】依靠的,依賴的,隸屬。

Adhīyati, adhiyati, ( [adhi+i] 的【反照】), 學習,用功學習。adhīyi,【過】。adhīta,【過】。adhicca,【獨】。

Adhunā,【副】現在,最近,嶄新。

Adhuva, Addhuva (a+dhuva永久),【形】無永久。

Adho, adhas,【副】向下(below,  uddhaṁ “above” and tiriyaṁ “across”)【無】在之下,在下面。adhokata,【形】降低,轉下(turned down, or upside down)adhogama,【形】下去。adhobhāga(身體的下部),【陽】較低()的部份。adhomukha,【形】彎腰,臉向下,顛倒轉。

Thus with uddhaṁ and the 4 bearings (disā) and intermediate points (anudisā) at S.I,122; III.124; A.IV,167; with uddhaṁ & tiriyaṁ at Sn.150, 537, 1055, 1068. Expld. at KhA 248 by heṭṭhā and in detail (dogmatically & speculatively) at Nd2 155. For further ref. see uddhaṁ. The compn. form of adho before vowels is adh°.
  adhakkhaka
鎖骨以下(beneath the collar-bone Vin.IV,213. adhagga with the points downward (of the upper row of teeth) J v.156 (+ uddh° expld. by uparima-danta C.). adhagata gone by, past. Adv. °ṁ since (cp. uddhaṁ adv. later or after) J.VI.187 (ito māsaṁ adhogataṁ since one month ago). adhagala (so read for T. udho°) down the throat PvA.104. adhamukha head forward, face downward, bent over, upturned Vin.II,78; M.I,132, 234: Vv 161 (= heṭṭhā mukha VvA.78). adhavirecana action of a purgative (opp. uddha° of an emetic) D.I,12; DA.I,98 (= adho dosānaṁ nīharaṇaṁ); DhsA.404. adhasākhaṁ (+ uddhamūlaṁ) branches down (& roots up, i. e. uprooted) DhA.I,75. adhasira (adj.) head downward J.IV.194. adhasiraṁ (adv.) with bowed head (cp. avaṁsiraṁ) J.VI.298 (= siraṁ adhokatvā heṭṭhāmukho C.). adhasīsa (adj.) head first, headlong J.I.233; v.472 (°ka).

Adhovirecana (adho向下+virecana瀉藥)﹐【中】向下瀉藥。

An- (位置在母音為首的字之前), 字首 1.無。2.不。3.非。4.(an+【過)

an(an)﹐【字根I.】呼吸(to breathe)台語:喘氣。

Ana-, (negative prefix)

Anagaa (an+agaa斑點),【形】無斑點的,無可責難的。

Anacchariya (an+acchariya不可思議),【形】非不可思議。

Anajjhiṭṭha,【形】未受請求的,不被邀請。

Anaa (an+aa負債),【形】無負債。

Anakkhāta﹐【陽】未被宣布者。

Anatīta (an+atīta過去﹑跨越【過),【過1.未過去。2.未跨越。

Anata(=anta)﹐【陽】1.終極。2.邊界。【形】終極,末端,盡頭,頂端。

Anatta (an+attan自我﹐梵an-atman),【形】無自我的。【陽】無自我、無我。

Anattan,【形】【陽】,無我。

Anattamana (an+attamana滿意),【形】不滿意。

Anattamana,【形】得罪。

Anattha (an+attha義利),【陽】【中】無義利。anatthakusala, 不善巧於利益KhA.237.Chabbidhe ca agocare carati.  Seyyathida-- vesiyāgocare vidhavathulla-kumārika-paṇḍaka-bhikkhunī-pānāgāra- gocareti. Sasaṭṭho ca viharati rājūhi rājamahāmattehi titthiyehi titthiyasāvakehi ananulomikena gihisasaggena, yāni vā pana tāni kulāni assaddhāni appasannāni anopānabhūtāni akkosakaparibhāsakāni anatthakāmāni ahita-aphāsukayogakkhemakāmāni bhikkhūna …pe… upāsikāna, tathārūpāni kulāni sevati bhajati payirupāsati. Aya anatthakusalo.(六種「非行處」(agocara不適合行踏的地方),即如︰(1)妓院、(2)寡婦、(3)處女(kumārikā《分別論》作︰thullakumārigocaro老處女行處)(4)閹割之人、(5)比丘尼、(6)酒家托缽和國王、大臣共住,不適當的跟隨外教徒、外教徒弟子,結交在家人,或那些沒有信仰、沒有清淨心的人,不作井的人、責備的人、辱駡的人、不作福利的人、不作利益的人、不悅的人、不安份守己的人,諸比丘、(諸比丘尼、諸優婆塞、)諸優婆夷,如此這般的服侍、結交、侍候這類的人,這是不善巧於利益」。(參考《分別論》Vbh.246~7.))

Anatthasahita (an+attha義利+sahita連結【過),【形】無利益的,未連結義利。

Anadhivara,【陽】優勝者(=visiṭṭha)

Ananugiddha (na+anugiddha)不耽溺、不眷戀、不貪婪。

Ananucchavika,【形】不合適的,不適合的,不當的。

Ananucchaviya (an+anu+chaviya表皮、皮膚),【形】不隨表皮。

Ananubodha (an+anubodha隨覺),【形】【陽】無隨覺。

Ananulomika (an+anulomika隨適當的),【形】不適當的。

Ananussuta (an+anu+suta[]【過),【過】未隨聽[]

Ananubodha (an+anu+bodha)﹐【陽】不隨覺。ananubodhāti abujjhanena ajānanena(不隨覺:不覺悟、不知)(A.4.1./II,1.D.16./II,122~123.、《長阿含2經》 (T1.13 a))

Ananta,【形】永無止境的,無邊的,無限的。pañcānantaryāṇi (pañcānantaryāṇi)﹐五無間地獄即阿鼻地獄為八大地獄中之最苦處。造作五無間業(pañca kammāni ānantarikāni)所感招的罪業。即:殺母(mātughātako paijānāti )、殺父(pitughātako;梵pitaghāta)、殺阿羅漢(arahantaghātako;梵arhataghāta)、破和合僧(saghabhedako;梵saghabheda)、出佛身血(ruhiruppādakolohituppādako;梵 tathāgatasyāntike duṣṭa-citta-rudhirotpādana)等五逆罪。此五種罪業能招感無間地獄之苦果,故又稱五無間業。

Anantara (an+antara內部、中途),【形】1.無內部。2.無中途。3.下一個,鄰接的,隨後的。anantara,【副】在後邊。antarābhava (antarā-bhava)(), 中陰身、中有(某些部派的觀點,上座部不承認)

Anāmata (an + amata the ā being due to metrical lengthening),【形】不被死亡影響(not affected by death, immortal J.II,56 (= asusāna-ṭṭhāna C.); DhA.II,99.

Anāmanta, anāmanta- (an + āmanta), 沒有問或沒有被問(without asking or being asked; in anāmantakata unasked, unpermitted, uninvited J.VI,226; anāmantacāra living uninvited Vin v.132; A.III,259.)

Antarāyikin (cp. Antarāyika), 【形】【中】有障難(one who meets with an obstacle, finding difficulties. Vin.IV,280 (anantarāye = asati antarāye無障難)。【陰】antarāyikinī。【陰】anantarāyikinī(無障難)。﹝問遮難Suṇātu me, bhante, sagho. Ayañca Nāgo ayañca Nando āyasmato Tissassa upasampadāpekkhā. Yadi saghassa pattakalla, aha Nāgañca Nandañca antarāyike dhamme puccheyya.(尊者們,請僧團聽我說,那迦難陀希望從提舍大德受具足戒。如果對僧團而言時機適當,請讓我審問那迦難陀)Suasi, Nāga, ayante saccakālo, bhūtakālo.(那迦聽著,這是你真實、誠實的時候。) “Ya jāta ta pucchāmi, santa “atthī’ti vattabba, asanta” n’atthī’ti vattabba.”(有已經發生的事情將會在僧團中問到。有則說「有」,沒有則說「沒有」。) Santi te evarūpā ābhādhā?”(你有這樣的病嗎?) “Kuha?”(痲瘋?) “N’atthi, bhante.”(沒有,尊者。) “Gaṇḍo?”(疔瘡(潰爛)?) “N’atthi, bhante.”(沒有,尊者。) “Kilāso?”(癬?) “N’atthi, bhante.”(沒有,尊者。) “Soso?”(肺癆(肺結核)?) “N’atthi, bhante.”(沒有,尊者。) “Apamāro?”(癲癇?w961m32iunn5 hin5(羊眩)) “N’atthi, bhante.”(沒有,尊者。) “Manusso’si?”(你是人嗎?) “Āma, bhante.”(是的,尊者。) “Puriso’si?”(你是男人嗎?) “Āma, bhante.”(是的,尊者。) “Bhujisso’si?”(你是自由人(非奴隸)嗎?) “Āma, bhante.”(是的,尊者。) “Anao’si?”(你是否無債?) “Āma, bhante.”(是的,尊者。) “N’asi rājabhao?”(你是否免除了政府職責?) “Āma, bhante.”(是的,尊者。) “Anuññāto’si mātāpitūhi?”(你是否獲得父母親的允許?) “Āma, bhante.”(是的,尊者。) “Paripuṇṇavīsativasso’si?”(你是否滿二十歲?) “Āma, bhante.”(是的,尊者。) “Paripuṇṇa te pattacīvara?”(你是否具備缽與衣(袈裟)) “Āma, bhante.”(是的,尊者。) “Kinnāmo’si?”(你叫什麼名()) “Aha, bhante, Nāgo nāma.(尊者,我的名(字)是那迦) “Ko nāmo te upajjhāyo?”(你戒師的名(字)是什麼?) “Upajjhāyo me, bhante, āyasmā Tissatthero(or Tissa) nāma.”(尊者,我戒師的名(字)是提舍長老。)

Anandha (an+andha盲目),【形】非盲目。

Anapāya (an+apāya離去),【形】不離去。

Anapāyin,【形】不離去。

Anapekkha,【形】沒有期待,不求。

Anappaka (an+appaka),【形】不少的,很多,重要的。

Anabhāva (ana+bhāva變成),【陽】不變成。

Anabhinandati (an+abhinandati全面歡喜), 不全面歡喜。【過anabhinandita 未全面歡喜。【獨】anabhinanditvā

Anabhirata,【形】不樂於。

Anabhirati,【陰】不滿,不平,憂鬱。

Anamatagga,【形】無始的(開始是未知的)無始,台語:無起頭bo5 khi2 thau5,無寑頭bo5 chim2 thau5

Anaya (a+naya引導),【陽】無引導。

Anariya (an+ariya),【形】非聖的,卑賤的,粗俗的。anariyapariyesanā﹐【陰】非聖尋求(不知老病死,愁染法過患,希求深愛著彼非聖尋求,諸佛所呵毀,是生死根本,智者當遠離」(《本事經》,T4.680a))

Anala,【陽】火。

Analasa (an+alasa懶惰),【形】不懶惰。

Analakata,【形】1.不滿。2.不裝飾。kāmesu analakatā, 貪得無厭(S.1.28./I,15.)

Anavakāsa (an+avakāsa機會)﹐【陽】沒機會,無空間。

Anavajja (an+avajja過失),【形】無過失。

Anavajjatā (anavajja無過失+tā狀態),【陰】無過失的狀態。

Anavaṭṭhita,【形】未處理的,不穩固的。

Anavamānana(an+avamānana),【中】不輕視,尊敬。

Anavaya,【形】不缺乏的,完全的。

Anavarata,【形】不變地,不斷地。

Anavarata,【形】持續的。

Anavasesa (an+avasesa剩下),【形】沒有任何剩餘。anavasesa,【副】完全,完全地。

Anavhāya(an+avhāya<ā-hū叫﹑邀請)﹐【陽】未受邀。

Anasana,【中】絕食(fasting)

Anasūyaka(an+asūyaka,梵文同)【形】不發牢騷(not grumbling)嫉妒的、不羨慕的(not envious)

Anassāsika,【形】沒有()安慰的。

Anākula,【形】不混亂,不糾纏。

Anāgata (an+āganta來【過】;= an+atīta過去),【過】未來。【陽】未來。

Anāgantar (an+āgantar來者),【陽】不來者。

Anāgamana,【中】不來。

Anāgata addhāna, 在未來的時間(anāgata未來【陽..業】,【過】。addhāna時間【陽..業】)

Anāgāmitā (anāgāmin不返者+tā狀態),【陰】不返者的狀態,阿那含果位。

Anāgāmiphala (anāgāmin不返【形】+phala),【中】不返的果。

Anāgāmin (an+āgāmin返者), 1.【形】不返。2.【陽】不返者、阿那含果(已證得第三聖果位的聖人)Vibhv.p.142.anāgāminoyeva ariyā puthujjanādikāle, pacchāpi vā pañcamajjhāna tividhampi bhāvetvā saddhādi-indriyavemattatānukkamena pañcasu suddhāvāsesu uppajjanti.(於凡夫等時期證得阿那含聖者,往後作三種修習(遍作近行、安止修習)修至第五禪,隨其信根等的狀態,轉生到(相應的)五淨居天(之一)) Vibhv.p.142.Anāgāmino pana kāmarāgassa sabbaso pahīnattā kāmabhavesu nikanti na uppādentīti kāmalokavajjite yathāladdhajjhānabhūmibhūte yattha katthaci nibbattanti.(阿那含已斷一切欲染,已離欲有,不生欲,獲得禪地的眾生一樣,已免除欲世間,轉生到任何禪天。)

Anāgāra,【形】無家( = anagāra無家)

Anācāra,【陽】不正當的行爲,不道德。

Anātura (an+ātura疾苦),【形】無疾苦。

Anātha,【形】悲慘的,無助的。

Anāthapiṇḍika,【陽】給孤獨(人名)。即a-nātha(無助的、孤獨的)piṇḍika,即piṇḍa(飯糰)布施給無助者故得「給ㄐㄧˇ孤獨者」之名。他的本名是須達多(Sudatta)漢譯作「善施」(su-datta)D.16.-9./II,92.Sudatto, Ānanda, upāsako tiṇṇa sayojanāna parikkhayā rāgadosamohāna tanuttā sakadāgāmī sakideva ima loka āgantvā dukkhassanta karissati.(阿難!須達多優婆塞已斷三結,并漸次滅染..癡,證斯陀含果,再一次還歸此世,即作苦邊。) S.55.8./V,357.︰「須達多優婆塞命終,三結徧盡,貪瞋癡弱而為一來。」

Anādara,【陽】不敬。【形】不尊敬。anādariya,【中】漠視。

Anādā, anādāya,【獨】(na+ādāti), 不拿。

Anādāna (an+ādāna拿起),【形】無拿起。

Anādiyitvā,【獨】不注意,不著手進行。

Anāpatti,【陰】犯,無違犯,無過失。在漢傳義淨法師在《根本薩婆多部律攝》(T24.no.1458.)、《根本說一切有部毘奈耶頌》(T24.no.1459.)首度使用「開緣」,後來中國律註大量用此字。

Anāpucchā,【獨】沒有問,未經許可,未請求

Anābhoga (an+ābhoga構想),【陽】無構想。

Anāmaya,【形】無疾病的。

Anāimasita, anāmaṭṭha,【形】不接觸的。

Anāyatana,【中】不合適的地方。

Anāyāsa,【形】無麻煩的。anāyāsena,【副】容易地。

Anāyussa (an+āyussa長壽),【形】無長壽。

Anāyūhana,【中】非努(non-exertion)

Anāyūha (<āyūhati的【單.主】,【現)﹐努力。

Anāyūhanta,【現】不努力(not-exerting)

Anārammaa,【中】無所緣,沒有所緣。Ud.p.80.(8-1)“Atthi, bhikkhave, tadāyatana, yattha neva pathavī, na āpo, na tejo, na vāyo, na ākāsānañcāyatana, na viññāṇañcāyatana, na ākiñcaññāyatana, na nevasaññānāsaññāyatana, nāya loko, na paraloko, na ubho candimasūriyā. Tatrāpāha, bhikkhave, neva āgati vadāmi na gati, na hiti, na cuti, na upapatti; appatiṭṭha, appavatta, anārammaameveta. Esevanto dukkhassā”ti.(諸比丘!彼處無地(na pahavīneither earth),無水(na āponor water),無火(na tejonor fire),無風(na vāyonor air);無空無邊處(na ākāsānañcāyatananeither the sphere of infinite space),無識無邊處(na viññṇānañcāyatananor of infinite consciousness),無所有處(na ākiñcāññāyatananor of nothingness),無非想非非想處(na nevasaññā-nāsaññāyatananor of neither-consciousness-nor-unconsciousness);無此生(n’āya lokoneither this world),無他生(na paralokonor a world beyond),亦無二(此生、他生)(ubhonor both together);無日月(candima-suriyā)。諸比丘!我說彼處無去(na āgatino coming to birth),無來(na gatino going [from life] );無住(na hitino duration),無死(na cutino falling),無再生(na upapattino arising);無依護(na appatiṭṭhanot something fixed)、無轉生(appavattamoves not on 無轉起)、無所緣(anārammaamnot based on anything);這是苦盡。)

Anārambha, Anārambbha【形】無騷動的,清淨的。Pārā.III,151.Anārambha nāma na kipillikāna vā āsayo hoti, na upacikāna vā āsayo hoti, na undurāna vā āsayo hoti, na ahīna vā āsayo hoti, na vicchikāna vā āsayo hoti, na satapadīna vā āsayo hoti.(︰。)

Anālaya (an+ālaya附著),【陽】無附著。【形】無執著的。

Anālāpa (an+ā+lāpa閒聊【陽】),【陽】不交談。

Anāvāṭa(an+āvaa覆蓋【過),【過】未覆蓋。【形】未關上的。

Anāvattī (an+āvattin返者), 1.【形】不返。2.【陽】不返者、不歸者。

Anāvaraa,【形】開著的,無障礙的。

Anāvila (an+āvila混濁),【形】無混濁,乾淨的。

Anāvuttha (an+āvuttha住【過),【過】未住。【形】不居住的。

Anāsaka(an + āsaka)(cp. Sk. anāśaka nt.),【形】不食,斷食(fasting, not taking food)(= bhatta-paikkhepa DhA III,77.)

Anāsakatta,【中】絕食 (= abhojana SnA 292.)

Anāsava(an+ā+śru流動),【形】無流向(無漏)( free from the 4 intoxications)。【陽】無流向者(無漏者)

Anāḷhika,【形】貧窮的,一無所有的人。

Anāhāra (an+āhāra食物),【形】無食物。

Aniketa(a+niketa住所)﹐【中】住所,家。aniketa =ageha

Aniketasārī(a+niketa住所+sārī接著的)﹐【形】無櫛比鱗次的住所,屋廡連屬。

Anikkasāva (a+nikkasāva無濁穢【形】),【形】未擺脫濁穢的。

Anikkujjati (a+nikkujjati傾覆), 不傾覆。【陽..主﹐現anikkujjanto

Anigha,【形】無惱亂的、無煩惱的。

Anicca,【形】無常的,不穩定的,變動不居的,變遷的(日語:推移sui i)(impermanent, transience)。【中】無常的。SA.22.122./II,334.abhāvākārena aniccato, paipīḷanākārena dukkhato, ābādhaṭṭhena rogato, antodosaṭṭhena gaṇḍato, tesa tesa gaṇḍāna paccayabhāvena vā khaanaṭṭhena vā sallato dukkhaṭṭhena aghato, visabhāgamahābhūtasamuṭṭhāna-ābādhapaccayaṭṭhena ābādhato, asakaṭṭhena parato, palujjanaṭṭhena palokato sattasuññataṭṭhena suññato, attābhāvena anattato. Evamettha “aniccato palokato”ti dvīhi padehi aniccamanasikāro, “suññato anattato”ti dvīhi anattamanasikāro, sesehi dukkhamanasikāro vuttoti veditabbo. (由無常:以成為烏有;由苦:以成為壓迫;由病:疾病之義;由癰:以身內腐敗之義;由剌(=):各種諸癰以因緣存在或以挖之義;由痛:以苦之義;由病:以四大種異常因素、病因緣之義;由外(=):以非自己的之義;由壞:以崩潰之義;由空:以眾生空性之義;由無我:以非個性、非個體之義。如是在此,由無常、由壞兩句是從無常作意。由空、由無我兩句是從無我作意。其他所說的是從苦作意應可知。)佛陀的遺教(pacchimabuddhavacanaṁ)D.16./II,156.“handa dāni, bhikkhave, āmantayāmi vo, vayadhammā sakhārā appamādena sampādethā”ti.(啊!現在,諸比丘!我告訴你們,諸行是衰滅法,當做到不放逸。) DA.16./II,593.(=SA.6.15./I,223.)Appamādena sampādethāti sati-avippavāsena sabbakiccāni sampādeyyātha.(成就不放逸︰與()念不分離,於一切(時地)應該完全被做到。) S.22.102./III,155.“Aniccasaññā, bhikkhave, bhāvitā bahulīkatā sabba kāmarāga pariyādiyati, sabba rūparāga pariyādiyati, sabba bhavarāga pariyādiyati, sabba avijja pariyādiyati, sabba asmimāna samūhanati”.(諸比丘!已修習無常想,多修習者,遍抓拿(pariyādiyati<pari+ādiyati抓拿)一切欲染’(kāmarāga:對感官的染著),遍抓拿一切色染’(rūparāga:色染,分別藍色等色法的染著-- S-.(S.35.70.)CS:p.2.293),遍抓拿一切有染遍抓拿一切無明,連根拔起一切我慢(samūhanati<(saṁ一起+ūhanati2拉出):連根拔起)) 《雜阿含270經》世尊告諸比丘:「無常想修習多修習,能斷一切欲愛、色愛、無色愛、掉、慢、無明。」《增壹阿含38.1經》(T2.717.3)世尊說:「比丘!當修無常想時,而無欲心,彼以無欲心,便能分別法,思惟其義,無有愁、憂、苦、惱。彼以思惟法義,則無愚惑錯誤修行。若見有鬥諍者,彼便作是念:此諸賢士不修無常想,不廣布無常想,故致此鬥訟耳。彼以鬥諍不觀其義,以不觀其義,則有迷惑之心,彼以執此愚惑,而命終入三惡道--餓鬼、畜生、地獄中。是故,諸比丘!當修無常想,廣布無常想,便無瞋恚、愚惑之想,亦能觀法,亦觀其義。若命終之後,生三善處,生天上、人中、涅槃之道。」

Aniccatā (anicca無常+tā狀態),【陰】無常的狀態。

Aniccasaññā (anicca無常+saññā),【陰】無常想。

Anicchanta, anicchamāna,【現】不願意。

Anicchā(an + icchā) ,【陰】無欲、不愛好、冷靜(dispassion, without desires, not desiring)aniccha,【形】無欲。

Anicchāretvā (a+nicchāretvā ( nicchāreti‘使爆出的【獨】),【獨】不使爆出。

Aniñjana,【中】不動性。

Aniñjita,【形】堅決的,沒受到干擾的, 鎮定的。

Aniṭṭha,【形】不可喜的。【反】可喜的(iṭṭha)或極可喜的(ati-iṭṭha)

Aniṭṭhita,【形】未完成的。

Anidassana (a+nidassana示現),【形】無示現。

Anindita (a+nindita責難【過),【過】無可責難。【形】無可責難的。

Anindiya,【形】值得不輕視的。

anipanna (a+ni+pad),【過】未躺下。

Anipphala(a+ni+phala果報)不會沒有果報

Anibbisa(a+nibbisa發現【現),【現】無發現【陽..主】。

Anibbisanta,【現】不發現。

Animitta (a+nimitta),【形】無相。animitta ceto-samādhi,無相心定(無想心定)MA.43./II,355.Animittā cetovimutti nāma terasa dhammā--vipassanā, cattāro āruppā, cattāro maggā, cattāri ca phalānīti. Tattha vipassanā niccanimitta sukhanimitta attanimitta ugghāṭetīti animittā nāma.  Cattāro āruppā rūpanimittassa abhāvena animittā nāma. Maggaphalāni nimittakaraṇāna kilesāna abhāvena animittāni.(無相心解脫有四法:(1)毘婆舍那、(2)四無色、(3)四道和(4)四果。此處毘婆舍那是解開常相、樂相、我相,名為無相。四無色是沒有色相,名為無相。道與果是沒有污染的作相,名為無相。)animitta cetosamādhi﹐無相心三摩地(「阿難!當如來不作意一切相(sabbanimittana=rūpanimittādīna色相)之時,及滅絕任何感受(ekaccāna vedanāna=lokiyāna vedanāna諸世間的感受)而入於無相心三摩地(phalasamāpatti「果三摩缽地」,巴宙譯:《大般涅槃經》誤譯作:「滅想定」),阿難!此時如來(老化)之身,才完全舒服的(phāsutaro)。」(D.16.Mahāparinibbānasutta大般涅槃經CS:p.2.86Dīgha-aṭṭhakathā CS:p.2.138Dīgha-ṭīkā CS:p.2.146) PsA.(CS:pg.1.88.)Sakhāranimittābhāvena animittaṭṭho.(有為相的不存在,為無相之義)

Animmātar (a+nimmātar創造者),【陽】無創造者。

Animmita (a+nimmita創造【過),【過】未創造。

Animisa(a+nimisa),【形】不眨眼的。

Aniyata,【形】不確定的,未決定的。

Aniyamitapaccatta, 限定主格i.e.ya︰那(what)

Aniyyāna (a+niyyāna出去),【形】不出去。

Anirākatajjhāna, 【陽】不輕視禪那MA.6./I,157.Anirākatajjhānoti bahi anīhaajjhāno, avināsitajjhāno vā, nīharaavināsatthañhi ida nirākaraa nāma.  Thambha nirakatvā nivātavuttīti-ādīsu cassa payogo daṭṭhabbo.(不將禪那排除在外,或不消滅禪那;以排除和消滅為此輕視(之義)。)

Anila,【陽】風。anilapatha,【陽】天空。aniloddhuta,【形】被風搖動。

Anipphannarūpa不完成色(1.空界、2.身表、3.語表、4.色輕快性、5.色柔軟性、6.色適業性﹐加兩種表色、7.色積集、8.色相續、9.色老性、10.色無常性),色法的一類,不可作為觀禪的目標。

Anivattana,【中】非中止,未中斷,無填塞。

Anivesana (a+nivesana依戀),【形】無依戀。

Anisammakārī,【形】不考慮地行動的,匆匆的。

Anissara,【形】沒有影響力的。attano phasse anissaro,自己的(皮膚)(細滑感)非己有。

Anissita (a+nissita向下依靠【過),【過】未(向下)依靠。Ud.p.81.(8-4) “Nissitassa calita, anissitassa calita natthi. Calite asati passaddhi, passaddhiyā sati nati na hoti. Natiyā asati āgatigati na hoti. Āgatigatiyā asati cutūpapāto na hoti. Cutūpapāte asati nevidha na hura na ubhayamantarena . Esevanto dukkhassā”ti.(有所依止(nissitassacling),即有動搖(calitawaver);無所依止(anissitassa),即無動搖,無動搖則輕安(passaddhicalm),輕安則無喜(rati na hotino bending),無喜則無往來(āgatigati na hoticoming-and-going即輪迴);無往來,則無死生(cutāpapāto na hoti),無死生,則無此世、他世(n’ev’idha na hurano““here” or “yonder”);亦無兩者之中(ubhayamantarenor anything between the two),這是苦盡。)

Anīka,【中】1.軍隊。2.陣勢。anīkagga,【中】軍隊的排列。anīkaṭṭha,【陽】王室保鏢。

Anīkadassana (anīka軍隊、陣勢+dassana)﹐閱兵。

Anīgha (an+īgha惱亂), Anigha﹐無惱亂的、無煩惱的。

Anītika,【形】無受傷的,無傷害的,無災的

Anītiha,【形】不基於風聞的,親自知道的。

Anu-,  I.【字首】隨,跟隨,漸次,順,從。II.【形】小的。

Anukakhī,【形】渴望。

Anukantati (anu+kant切割+a), 隨切割,割入,修剪。anukanti,【過】。

Anukampaka, anukampī (<anukampati憐愍),【形】慈悲的,體恤的,有同情心的人。hitānukampī, 憐愍此利益。

Anukampati (anu+kamp震動+a), 體恤(reciprocate),同情(直譯:隨震動)anukampi,【過】。anukampita,【過】。anukampitu,【不】。

Anukampana,【中】Anukampā,【陰】同情,慈悲。

Anukampā (<anukampati憐愍),【陰】憐愍。

Anukampin (cp.[anukampaka憐愍]) 【形】憐愍。

Anukampita, (anukampati 的【過), 已同情。

Anukaroti (anu+kar+o), 跟隨作,模仿,重anukari,【過】。anukata,【過】。【單..現】anukaromi

Anukāra,【陽】模仿。

Anukārī,【三】模仿者,仿效者。

Anukiṇṇa, (anukirati 的【過), 已撒滿,已點綴。

Anukubbati, 相同於 anukarotianukubbanta,【現】模仿。

AnukūlaAnukula(anu + kūla, opp. paikūla)﹐【形】稱許的,適用的,愉快的(favourable, agreeable, suitable, pleasant)anukūlabhāva,【陽】彬彬有禮,殷勤,柔順。anukūlavāta,【陽】愉快的風。

Anukkama,【陽】1.次序,順序,秩序,連續。2.馬勒(韁、轡、韁繩的總稱)anukkamena,【副】逐漸地,及時地,在適當時。

Anukkamati (anu+kamati),走。

Anukhuddaka (anu+khuddaka微小),【形】較小的,次要的,隨微小的。BPA譯:minor

Anuga (anu+gam去、落入),【形】下列的,其次的,跟隨的。

Anugacchati (anu+gam+a), 跟隨,追逐,追求。anugantabba,【義】。anugacchi,【過】。anugata,【過】。anvagū,【過.3.複】。

Anugata, (Anugacchati的【過), 已陪伴,已進入。

Anugati,【陰】跟隨,附著。anugatika﹐跟隨者。

Anugama,【陽】anugamana,【中】跟隨。

Anugāmika, anugāmī,【形】追隨的,追隨者,信徒。

Anugāhati (anu+gāh衝進+a), 投入,跳入,進入(to plunge into, to enter)anugāhi,【過】。

Anugijjhati (anu+gidh貪婪+a), 企圖佔有,渴望。anugijjhi,【過】。

Anugiddha (Anugijjhati的【過),已貪婪,已耽溺,已不眷戀

Anugahāti, anuggahāti (anu+gahāti握持), 隨握持,督導。anuggahi,【過】。Anugahanto﹐【陽..主﹐現】。

Anuggahana,【中】anuggaha,【陽】督導,協助。

Anuggahita (anuggahāti幫助的【過), 已督導(“taking up”, assistance, help, favour, benefit)

Anuggaha1(anu+grah (grah)握持),【陽】隨握持(直譯),督導,饒益,攝取,攝受sattvānugrāhakaṃ śīlam,【梵】饒益有情戒。

Anuggaha2 (an + uggaha) ,【形】不督導(not taking up Sn.912 (= na gahāti Nd1 330)

Anuggāhaka,【三】幫忙者,贊助人。

Anuggiranta,【現】不做聲,不談話。

Anugghāṭeti (anu+u+gha (gha)盡力+e), 打開,解開。anugghāṭesi,【過】。

Anucakamati (anu+kam+a), 跟著經行。anucakami,【過】。

Anucara,【陽】隨從,待人。

Anucarati (anu+car移動+a), 跟隨,練習。anucari,【過】。

Anucaraa,【中】練習,執行。

Anucarita (Anucaraa的【過), 已陪伴,已彌漫,已熟練。

Anuciṇṇa, (anucarati 的【過), 已熟練,已達到,已熟知。

Anucināti (anu+ci +nā), 收集,練習。anucini,【過】。

Anucita (na+ucita),【形】不適當的,不適合的。

Anucinteti (anu+cit+e), 考慮。anucintesi,【過】。

Anuccārita,【形】不出聲的,不舉起的。

Anucciṭṭha,【形】未觸及的,非殘餘的(食物)

Anucchavika,【形】適當的,正當的,適合的。

Anuja,【陽】兄弟。

Anujā,【陰】姊妹。

Anujāta,【形】所生的,相似的(父親)

Anujānāti (anu+ñā+nā), 允許,許可。anujāni,【過】。

Anujīvati (anu+jīv+a), 維持生活。anujīvi,【過】。

Anujīvī,【三】依賴的人。

Anuju,【形】不直的,彎曲的。

Anuññā,【陰】批准,同意,支援,制裁,認可,許可。

Anuññāta, (anujānāti 的【過), 已允許,已許可,已准許,已制裁。

Anuṭṭhahanta, anuṭṭhāna, anuṭṭhātu,【形】不自我振奮者,不活動的()

Anuṭṭhāna,【中】不活動。【形】不起來的。

Anuṭṭhita,【形】1.不起來的。2.辦妥,做了。

Anuahati (anu+dah放置+a), 燒完,消費。anuahi,【過】。

Anuahana,【中】燒。

Anutappati (anu+tappati1被灼熱;Sk. anutapyate, pass. of anutapati), 悔改、懺悔、後悔(to be sorry for, to regret, repent, feel remorse)anutappi,【過】。

Anutāpa(<anu + tāpa),陽】懊悔、苦悶(anguish, remorse, conscience)

Anutiṭṭhati(anu+hā(sthā)站著+a), 1.站在附近。2.同意。

Anutīra,【中】河岸或海岸的附近。anutīra,【副】沿著河岸或海岸。

Anuttara (an+uttara更上【形】),【形】無比的,無超越的,無上的,甚深的。音譯:阿耨(ㄋㄡˋ)多羅。anuttariya,【中】優越,優點。阿耨。anuttara sammāsambodhi (anuttarāṃ samyak-sabodhim)﹐無上菩提,阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。

Anuttāna,【形】1.不淺的,深的。2.模糊的,晦澀的。

Anutthunana,【中】低語,哀號,悲歎,扌亨扌亨扌亨扌亨(台語hinn hinn hainn hainn)

Anutthunanta, [anutthunāti呻吟] 的【現】。

Anutthunā (<anuthunati隨悲嘆),【陰】隨悲嘆。

Anutthunāti (anu+thunati悲嘆), 呻吟(台語:亨呻hainn chan),哀悼,悲悼。【陽..主﹐現anutthuna

Anutrāsī,【三】不害怕的人,無畏者。

Anudadāti (anu+dā+a), 允許,承認。

Anudayā,  anuddayā, (anu+dayā同情),【陰】哀愍。

Anudahati (anu+dah放置+a), 燒完,消費。參考 Anuahati

Anudisā (anu+disā),【陰】東南西北之間的方向(:東南、西北、東北、西南)(注:直譯是隨著的方向,順時針方向爲據,例如:東的(puratthimāya) anudisā 是東南,西的(pacchimāya) anudisā 是西北,南的(dakkhināya) anudisā 是西南,北的(uttarāya) anudisā 是東北。)

Anuddayā,【陰】同情,慈悲。參考 Anukampā

Anuddiṭṭha,【形】不指出的,不說出的。

Anuddhaseti (anu+dhas落下﹑毀滅+e), 隨著落下,隨著破壞。S.20.10./II,271.︰「他看到少穿的(dunnivattha)或穿薄衣的(duppāruta)女人,隨著落入染心(rāgo citta anuddhaseti)。」

Anuddhaa,【形】不拔出的,不破壞的。anuddhatindriya, 不入侵()

Anuddhata (an+uddhata抬高【過),【形】不驕傲的,不自負的。【過】未抬高。

Anudhamma (anu+dhamma),【陽】奉公守法,合法。【中】隨法。

Anudhammacārin (anudhamma隨法+cārin),【形】行於隨法。

Anudhāvati (anu+dhāvati), 追隨anudhāvi,【過】。

Anunaya(<anuneti隨引導),【陽】友善(friendliness),禮貌(courtesy),諂媚(fawning曲意迎合)(台語︰thiam2 bi7)iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu anunayapaighappahāna, 斷了好惡anunayapaighābhāvato, 好惡不存在

Anunayati (anu+nayati引導=[anuneti隨引導]),隨引導。【現anunayamāna

Anunāsika,【形】鼻音。

Anuneti (anu+nī引導+e), 隨引導(leading along),安撫,安慰。anunesi,【過】。【現anunayamāna

Anunetu,【陽】調解人,和事佬。(台語:公親kong chin、公道伯kong to7 peh)

Anupa, anūpa﹐【陽】【形】有水的(watery),潮溼(moist)沼澤(watery land)

Anupakkuṭṭha,【形】無可責難的,不可指責的。

Anupakkajja,【獨】侵犯了,侵佔了。

Anupagacchati (anu+pa+gacchati)﹐隨出去。

Anupagamma (an+upa全部+gacchati) 的【獨】),【獨】全部不去,避開。

Anupaghāta(an+upaghāta全部損壞),【陽】無全部損壞,無傷害。

Anupacita,【形】不累積的。

Anupacchinna,【形】繼續的,不停地進行的。

Anupaññatti,【陰】補足的規則。

Anupaipāṭi,【陰】連續。anupāṭiyā,【副】連續地,井然有序地。

Anupaṭṭhita,【形】不呈現的,不到達的。

Anupatati (anu+patati落下), 落下,降臨。anupati,【過】。【過anupatita

Anupatita (Anupatati的【過), 已受到影響,已被壓迫。

Anupatti,【陰】達到。

Anupada (anu+pada[]),【形】【陽】(巴利語辭典:【中】), 跟隨(他譯:不斷)

Anupada,【副】1.逐字地。2.隨後地。

Anupadātar, anuppadātar,(<anupadeti獻出),【陽】獻出者。

anupadeti (anu+pa+dadāti給與、施), 獻出,供獻,提供。【單..未】anupadassāmi。【3.未】anupadassati,anuppadassati

Anupaddava (an+upaddava危害),【形】無危險的,無危害的。

Anupadhāretvā,【獨】忽視,沒考慮。

Anupabbajati (anu+pa+vaj去﹑走+a), 出家。

Anupapanna (an+upapanna被生()),【過】未被生。

Anupameya,【形】無比的。

Anuparigacchati (anu+pari+gam+a), 迂迴地走(台語:囷路khun5 loo7,拋大箍圍pha tua7 khoo ui5)anuparigacchi,【過】。anuparigamma, 【獨】S.3.8./I,75.“Sabbā disā anuparigamma cetasā, Nevajjhagā piyataramattanā kvaci. Eva piyo puthu attā paresa, Tasmā na hise paramattakāmo”ti.(以心遍察諸方,不見有比自己可愛;他人都是愛他自己的,愛自己的(attakamo)不要害他人。)

Anuparidhāvati, (anu+pari+dhāv+a),上下地跑,迂迴地跑。anuparidhāvi,【過】。

Anupariyāti (anu+pari+yāti), 迂迴地走。anupariyāyi,【過】。

Anupariyāya (<anupariyati遍去),【副】環繞。

Anuparivattati (anu+pari+vat+a), 旋轉不息地移動,連續地旋轉。anuparivatti,【過】。

Anuparivattana,【中】隨著滾動,進化的。

Anupalitta, anūpalitta,(an+upalitta全部塗染【過),【過】未全部塗染。【形】無污點的,未塗污的。

Anupavajja,【形】不責難的,無可責難的。

Anupavatteti, Anuppavatteti, (anu+pavatteti使徹底轉動), 使隨徹底轉動,繼續地旋轉,繼任。anupavattesi,【過】。

Anupavādaka (an+upavādaka數說),【形】無數ㄕㄨˇ說。

Anupavecchati, Anuppavecchati, (anu+pavecchati給與), 隨給與。

Anuppavesana(< caus. anupavisati),【中】供應(supplying)

Anupaviṭṭha, (Anupavisati的【過)進去,進入

Anupavisa(anu+pavisa進入)﹐隨入。

Anupavisati (anu+pa+vis進入+a), 進去,進入(VvA.42= ogāhati)anupavisi,【過】。anupavisitvā﹐【獨】。anupaviṭṭha,【過caus. anupaveseti

Anupasampanna,【形】未受具足戒者,非比丘。

Anupassaka,【形】觀察者,考慮者。

Anupassati (anu+passati), 隨看(他譯:觀)觀察。anupassi,【過】。

Anupassanā (ānupaśyanā),【陰】1.考慮。2.隨觀,瞭解,覺察,領會,真正認識。《無礙解道》(Paisambhidāmagga)說七種隨觀:(1)無常隨觀(aniccānupassanā)--觀照身心是無常的,觀察到身心是剎那的生滅,可破除諸有情認為是永恆的迷思。(2)苦隨觀(dukkhānupassanā)--觀照身心是苦的。(3)無我隨觀(anattānupassanā)--觀照身心是無我的。(4)厭離隨觀(nibbidānupassanā)--觀照身心為無常、或苦、或無我,而厭離身而不喜愛身。(持續地觀照無常、苦、無我達到成熟程度,就會生起以下的隨觀) (5)離染隨觀(virāgānupassanā)--遠離貪染。(6)寂滅隨觀(nirodhānupassanā)--隨觀諸行的剎那滅(7)捨遣隨觀(painissaggānupassanā)--以毘鉢舍那而遍捨蘊及諸行的煩惱,而跳入涅槃。乾觀行者持續觀察呼吸之觸(及鼻端)或集滅法(心、身、鼻之生滅)或感受等,是最方便下手隨觀生滅的方法。(c.f.MA.6./I,157.)

  Vbh.p.201-2.Tattha katamā anupassanā? Yā 1paññā 2pajānanā 3vicayo 4pavicayo 5dhammavicayo 6sallakkhaṇā 7upalakkhaṇā 8paccupalakkhaṇā 9paṇḍicca 10kosalla 11nepuñña 12vebhabyā 13cintā 14upaparikkhā 15bhūrī 16medhā 17pariṇāyikā 18vipassanā 19sampajañña 20patodo paññā 21paññindriya 22paññābala 23paññāsattha 24paññāpāsādo 25paññā-āloko 26paññā-obhāso 27paññāpajjoto 28paññāratana 29amoho 30dhammavicayo sammādiṭṭhi-- aya vuccati anupassanā.  Imāya anupassanāya 1upeto hoti 2samupeto 3upāgato 4samupāgato 5upapanno 6sampanno 7samannāgato.  Tena vuccati “anupassī”ti.(此中,什麼是隨觀?凡是1慧、2智慧、3檢擇(簡擇)4思擇、5擇法、6解了、7近察、8直察、9聰叡、10善巧、11審悉、12審察、13思、14近解、15叡智、16怜俐、17遍察、18毘婆舍那、19正知、20導慧、21慧根、22慧力、23慧劍、24慧宮殿、25慧明、26慧現、27慧光、28慧寶、29無癡、30擇法之正見--這被稱為「隨觀」。1已獲得、2已全獲得、3已進入、4已接近、5已生起、6已發生、7已成就隨觀。因此被稱為「隨觀」。)

Anupassin (<anupassati隨看),【形】隨看;觀察者,考慮者。參考 Anupassaka

Anupahhacca (na+upa+han+ya), 沒受傷的,沒困擾的。

Anupahata,【形】無損壞的,無破壞的。

Anupāta,【陽】語言攻擊。

Anupātī,【三】攻擊者,跟隨者。

Anupādā (an+upādiyati) 的【獨】) 無可執著,無取。anupādā paritassanā hoti(不取著而有恐怖)

Anupādāna (an+upādāna),【形】1.不執著的。2.沒燃料,無動力。【中】無取。

Anupādiya(an+upādiya( upādiyati的【現),【現】無取。

Anupādiyāna (an+upādiyāna(upādiyati的【現),【現】無取。

Anupādiyati (an+upa+ā+dā +i+ya), 執取(not to take hold of),抓住(not to grasp)攀緣(not cling to)anupādiyi,【過】。anupādiya , 【現】。 anupādāya, anupādiyitvā, 【獨】。

Anupādisesa (an+upādisesa剩餘取),【形】無剩餘取(他譯:無餘依)。沒有任何剩餘。

Anupādisesa-nibbānadhātu(anupādisesā nibbānadhātu)﹐【陰】無餘涅槃界。阿羅漢入滅(parinibbāti)後,所稱的涅槃界。五蘊已完全被捨棄,不再後有。在註疏裡有時稱之為「諸蘊之完成滅盡」(khandha-parinibbāna)《如是語經》Itivuttaka“Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araha hoti khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasayojano sammadaññā vimutto. Tassa idheva, bhikkhave, sabbavedayitāni anabhinanditāni sīti bhavissanti. Aya vuccati, bhikkhave, anupādisesā nibbānadhātu. .(於此,諸比丘!阿羅漢比丘已漏盡,住立(梵行),應作已作,捨重擔,達自利(=阿羅漢),遍盡有結,以正智而解脫。然於一切覺受成為無喜而清涼,諸比丘!這稱為無餘涅槃界。)。《本事經》:「諸行猶相續,諸所受皆滅,寂靜永清涼,名無餘涅槃。」(T4.673a)

Anupāpuṇāti (anu+pa+ap+unā), 到達,達到。anupāpui,【過】。【過anupatta, anuppatta

Anupāpeti,【使】(anu+pāpuṇāti得達), 引導,帶領 anupāpesi,【過】。

Anupāya (an+upāya方法),【形】無方法。【陽】錯誤的方法。

Anupāyāsa,【形】無悲傷的,寧靜的。

Anupārambhacitta﹐不存心。

Anupālaka,【形】保衛,保護。【陽】保護者。

Anupālana,【中】維護,保護。

Anupāleti (anu+pāl保護+e), 維持,保衛。anupālesi,【過】。

Anupucchati (anu+pucch詢問+a), 詢問,問明,查究。anupucchi,【過】。

Anupuṭṭha (Anupucchati的【過), 已被詢問。

Anupubba (anu+pubba以前),【形】連續的,逐漸的,逐步的,漸進的。anupubba, anupubbena,【副】逐漸地,不久以後。anupubbatā,【陰】分等級,順序,階級,連續。

Anupubbi-kathā,【陰】次第說法(gradual instruction, progressive talk隨順說、漸說)DA.14./II,471.Anupubbi kathanti dānakatha, dānānantara sīla, sīlānantara sagga, saggānantara magganti eva anupaipāṭikatha kathesi.(說佈施,緊接著()戒,戒緊接著()天,天緊接著()道,如此一個接一個的說。)諸佛說法的方式,先說某法,該法被接受之後,再說更深的法。經中說,先說端正法,聞者歡悅;次說施、戒、生天法,毀呰欲為災患,生死為穢,稱歎無欲為妙,道品白淨。聞法者若有歡喜心、具足心、柔軟心、堪耐心、昇上心、一向心、無疑心、無蓋心,有能有力堪受正法,再說四聖諦。

《增支部》A.10.61.道次第:sappurisa-sasevo親近善知識→saddhamma-ssavana聽聞正法→saddha()→yonisomanasikāra從根源作意→sati-sampajañña正念.正知→indriya-savara護諸根→tīṇi sucaritāni三善行(三妙行)→cattāro satipaṭṭhāne四念處→satta bojjhage七覺支→vijjā-vimuttiyā.解脫。

1來詣恭敬(承事)→請問()→傾聽()→受持法觀察法義知法.知義.隨法行(《增支部》 (A.8.81./IV, pp.336~337P.T.S.))

2親近善知識聽聞正法具信如理作意正念正知護諸根三妙行四念處七覺支解脫(《增支部》(A.10.61~62/V, pp.113~119) (參考《中阿含經》51~53))

3具戒不悔歡悅(輕安)→正定如實知見厭患.離貪解脫知見(《增支部》(A.10.4~5/V,pp.5~7)、《增支部》(A.11.1~5/V,pp.311~317))

4正念正知慚愧護諸根具戒正定如實知見厭患.離貪解脫知見(《增支部》(A.8.81./IV, pp.336~337))

5具足慚愧身行清淨語行清淨意行清淨命清淨護諸根飲食知量受持警寤正念正知獨住遠離、斷五蓋初禪第二禪第三禪第四禪宿命智天眼智漏盡智(《馬邑大經》(《中部》M.39./I,271f.)(參考《中阿含182經》182經《馬邑經》))

6戒清淨心清淨見清淨度疑清淨道非道智見清淨行道清淨知見清淨(解脫((《中部》傳車經M.24./I,145f.) (參考《中阿含經》9經《七車經》))

7有慚、有愧、不放逸斷不恭敬、斷不受諫、斷惡友斷不信、斷狹量(不親愛)斷懈怠斷掉舉、斷不律儀、斷破戒斷不樂見聖者、斷不樂欲聞正法、斷攻擊(非難)→斷妄念、斷不正知、斷散亂斷非如理作意、斷修邪道、斷懈怠斷身見、斷疑、斷戒禁取斷貪、斷瞋、斷癡斷生、斷老、斷死

 (《增支部》(A. 10.76./V, pp.148~149) (參考《雜阿含346經》))

  串聯的道次第

1 (sappurisa)→ 2saddho→ 3 sapurisasasevo (upaskamitā→parirupāsita→paripucchitā4 saddhammasavana5saddho→ 6 dhammadhāreti dhatāna7 yoniso-manasikāra (dhammāna atthaupaparikkhatiattham aññāya dhammam aññāya→dhammānudhammapaipatti )→ 8 sati-sampajañña 9 hirottappa→ 10 sīlavisuddhi (indriya-savaratīṇi sucaritāni)→ 11 bhojane mattaññuno→ 12(jāgariyaanuyuttā(jāgariyānuyoga)→ 13 cattāro satippahānā14satta-bojjhagāni15vivittasenānabhajatipañcanna nīvaraṇāna pahānāya16 avippaisāro→ 17pāmujja(pāmojja)18 pīti→ 19 passadhi→ 20 samādhi (cittavisuddhi --1.upacārasamādhi2.appanāsamādhipahamajhānadudiyajhānatatiya jhānacatuttha jhāna)→21 diṭṭhivisuddhi22 kankhāvitaraavisuddhi23maggāmagga-ñāṇadassanavisuddhi24 paipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhi25 ñāṇadassanavisuddhi (vimokkha)

1 (善人)→ 2 3親近善知識(來詣恭敬(承事)→請問法(遍問))→ 4聽聞正法5具信 6受持法7如理作意 (觀法義、知法.知義法隨法行 )→ 8正念正知 9具足慚愧10戒清淨(護諸根、三妙行)→ 11飲食知量12受持警寤13四念處14七覺支(七菩提分)15獨住遠離、斷五蓋16不悔17歡悅1819(輕安)→ 20正定(心清淨--近行定,初、二、三、四禪)→21見清淨22度疑清淨23道非道智見清淨24 行道清淨25知見清淨(解脫)

Anupubbena ( anupubba‘隨順序的【工】),【副】隨順序。

Anupekkhati (anu+upa+ikkh+a), 慮。anupekkhi,【過】。anupekkhita,【過】。manasanupekkhita, 通達人性

Anupekkhanā,【陰】考慮。anupekkhanātā﹐。

Anupeti (anu+pa出﹑在前+i)﹐在前隨去。

Anupeseti (anu+pes發送+e), 發出,放出,長出。anupesi,【過】。

Anuposiya,【形】被滋養的,被養育的。

Anuppatta (anupāpuṇāti 的【過)已到達,已達到。

Anuppatti,【陰】抵達,達到。(na+uppatti)停止輪迴。

Anuppadātu,【陽】佈施者,授予的人。

Anuppadāna,【中】給,移交。S.42.9./IV,324.nābhijānāmi kiñci kula pakkabhikkhānuppadānamattena upahatapubba.(我不證知曾有任何家庭因施給乞熟飯者而有所傷害。)

Anuppadinna, (anuppadāti的【過) 分發,移交

Anuppadāti (anu+pa+dā+a), anuppadeti (anu+pa+dā+e),分發,移交,付予。

Anuppanna (an+uppanna被生【過),【過】未被生。【形】不出生,不生起。

Anuppabandha,【陽】anuppabandhanā,【陰】繼續的期間。

Anuppabandhati﹐繼續。

Anuppāda (an+uppāda被生),【陽】未被生。SA.12.1./II,10.Nirodho hotīti anuppādo hoti.(︰未被生)

Anuppharaa, Anupharaa,【中】擴散。

AnupiyaAnuppiya(anu + piya), 【形】諂媚,高興(flattering, plessant)anuppiyabhāṇī, 諂媚說者。D.31./III,186.“Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, hānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. 1Pāpakapissa anujānāti, 2kalyāṇapissa anujānāti, 3sammukhāssa vaṇṇa bhāsati, 4parammukhāssa avaṇṇa bhāsati.(居士子!「諂媚者」有四種狀況,可以視為像朋友的非朋友。一、也縱容()惡事。二、也不許()善事。三、當前讚美。四、背後毀謗。)

Anubaddha (anubandhati的【過), 已連接,已跟隨。

Anubandhati (anu+bandhati繫縛), 追求,跟隨,連接。anubandhi,【過】。anubaddha,【過】。anubandhitabba,【義】。anubandhi padāpada﹐亦步亦趨。Tena…bhikkhunā yāvajīva pi so puggalo anubandhitabbo, na pakkamitabba, api panujjamānena pīti.(由那比丘一生可以追隨其人,即使被排斥,亦不應出走。)

Anubandhana,【中】1.連接。2.追。3.跟隨。

Anubala,【中】1.幫助,刺激。2.後衛。

Anubujjhati (anu+budh+ya), 構思,明白(台語:知cai iann2)anubujjhi,【過】。

Anubujjhana,【中】理解,醒悟。

Anubuddha (anubujjhati隨覺的【過), 隨覺,已構思,已明白。

Anubodha (anu+bodha),【陽】隨覺,知識,理解。

Anubyañjanaanuvyañjana,【中】隨形好(accompanying attribute),次級的相(cf. 大人相mahāpurisa-lakkhaṇa)Abl.anuvyañjanaso( in detail)Anubyañjanagāhin, taking up or occupying oneself with details, taken up with lesser or inferior marks八十種好」(asīti- anubyañjanāniaśīty-anuvyañjanāni),巴利三藏中似乎沒有詳細的列舉。本文依據Encyclopsedia of Buddhism(Vol.1.p.785, 1961.) (詳見︰Mahāvyutpatti(BB.XIII,p.6翻譯名義大集)Lalitavistara(Lal.106,普曜經)Dharmasamuccaya(84,阿毗達磨集論)Dharmapradipikā(1314, 法燈)指甲赤銅色指甲(tāmranakha);軟指甲(snigdhanakha)指甲(tuganakha)【指頭】手指圓滿(vttaguli);手指勻稱(anupūrvāṅguli);手指形好(citāṅguli)【筋脈】︰筋脈不露(nigūḍhasirā);筋脈無結(nirgranthiśirā)【腳踝】()踝俱隱(gūḍhagulpha)【足】足下平(avisamapāda)【步行】舉步如獅(sihavikrānta- gāmin,行步威容齊肅,如師子王)舉步如象(nāgavikrāntagāmin, 行步直進庠審如龍象王)舉步如鵝(hasavikrāntagāmin, 行步進止儀雅,猶如鵝王)舉步如牛(vṛṣabhavikrāntagāmin, 行步安平庠序不過不減猶如牛王);舉步右旋(pradakiṇāvartagāmin)舉步優美(cārugāmin)、舉步直行(avakragāmin)【手肘】︰直手肘(avakra gātra);飽滿的手肘(vtta°);精緻的手肘(mṛṣṭa°);勻稱的手肘(anupūrva°)乾淨的手肘(suci°);柔軟的手肘(mdu°);無瑕疵的手肘(viśuddha°);柔美的手肘(sukumāra°) ;無卑劣手肘(adīna°);無受損的手肘(anutsanna°);形好的手肘(susahata°);無斑點的手肘(vyapagatatilakālaka°)【性具】完美的性器官 (paripūra-vyañjana)【膝蓋】膝輪圓滿(pthucārujāṇu- maṇḍala)【四肢】四肢相稱(suvibhaktāṅgapraty- āṅguli)【身光】()光一尋」(byāmappabhā)【身】全身和悅(samantaprāsādika)【腹】︰腹渾圓(vtta-kuki);腹形好(mṛṣṭa-kuki);腹勻稱(abhugna-kuki);腹纖細(kṣāmodara)【臍】︰深臍(gabhīra-nābhi);臍右旋(dakiṇāvatra-nābhi)【行為】︰動作乾淨俐落(sucisamācāra)【手掌】︰掌柔如棉 (tulasadṛśa- sukumārapāṇi)(snigdhapāṇi-lekha);掌紋(gambhīrapāṇi-lekha);掌紋長(āyatapāṇi-lekha)【唇】︰丹唇(bimboṣṭha)【臉】︰臉不過長(nātyāyata-vadana)【舌】軟舌(mdujihvā);薄舌 (tanujihvā);紅舌 (raktajihvā)【聲】聲如象吼(gajagarjita, jīmūtaghoa);聲韻優美(madhuracārusvara)【齒】齒圓(vttadaṃṣṭrā);齒利(tīkṣṇadaṃṣṭrā);齒白(śukladaṃṣṭrā)整齊(sama-daṃṣṭrā)齒勻稱(anupūrvadaṃṣṭrā)【鼻】「高鼻」(tuganāsa);優美的鼻子(sucināsa)【眼】眼睛澄澈(viśuddha-netra);大眼睛(viśāla-netra);眼睛分明如白蓮黑蓮(黑白分明)(sitāsitakamaladalanayana)【眼臉】眼臉細緻(citrapakma)【眉】︰修長眉(āyatabhrū);滑潤眉(ślakṣṇabhrū)順次靡毛(anulomabhrū);柔美眉(snigdhabhrū)【耳】()耳厚長(pīnāyata-kara);「兩耳均等」(sama-kara)【聽力】︰聽力無瑕疵(anupahata-karendriya)【額】額廣飽滿(supariatalalāṭa) 額形殊妙(pthulalāṭa)【頭】頭形殊妙(paripūrottamāṅga)【髮】︰黑髮(asitakeśa);髮型好(citakeśa);髮滑潤(ślakṣṇakeśa);髮不打結(asamlulitakeśa);髮軟(aparuakeśa);髮有香(surabhikeśa)【吉祥相】手足(指端?)srīvatsa(卐,可能指尚未開展的)svastika()nandyāvatra (曲線的)vardhamāna(原意:增長;卐的四支增長)(卐有時作左旋卍)佛陀身毛向上相含有毛右旋,因此推論字乃右旋。中國唐代武則天將卐定為右旋,定音為「萬」,義為「吉祥萬德之所集」。佛教中一般寫作「卍」。中國傳統紋樣中就有使用這個符號的萬字不到頭(萬字錦、萬字紋、萬字拐、萬不斷、萬字曲水)。唐代高僧玄奘將卍翻譯為「德」。

Anubrūhita (Anubrūheti的【過) 已改良,已加強。

Anubrūheti (anu+brūheti使增益)﹐使隨增益,改良,練習。anubrūhesi,【過】。anubrūhaye﹐【祈】。

Anubhaanā (anu + bhaana),【陰】談話,勸告,罵(talking to, admonition, scolding)

Anubhavati, anubhoti,(anu+bhavati變成), 1.隨變成2.參與。3.吃。4.經歷,經驗。anubhavi,【過】。anubhavitu,【不】。 sp. freq. with dukkha to suffer pain, e.g. PvA I.1110 (°bhonti); PvA 43, 68, 79 etc. (cp. anubhavana). -- ppr. med. °bhavamāna J I.50; aor. °bhavi PvA 75 (sampatti); ger. °bhavitvā J IV.1; PvA 4 (sam<-> patti), 67 (dukkha), 73 (sampatti); grd. °bhaviyāna (in order to receive) Pv II.85 (= anubhavitvā PvA 109). Pass. anubhūyati & °bhavīyati to be undergone or being experienced; ppr. °bhūyamāna PvA 8, 159 (mayā a. = anubhūta), 214 (attanā by him) & °bhavīyamāna PvA 33 (dukkha). -- pp. anubhūta (q.v.).

Anubhavana,【中】經歷,遭受,吃。

Anubhavanta (anubhavati 的【現)

Anubhāva (<anubhavati隨變成),【陽】威力。

Anubhāvatā (anubhāva威力+tā狀態),【陰】威力的狀態。

Anubhutta, anubhūta (anubhavati 的【過), 已欣賞,已經歷。

Anubhūyamāna,【現】正在被經驗。

Anubhoti (anu+bhū+a), 遭受、參與、吃、經歷。參考 Anubhavatianubhonta,【現】。

Anumajjati (anu+majj下沉+a), 擊,敲。anumajji,【過】。

Anumajjana,【中】擊,敲。

Anumaññati (anu+man+ya) 同意,贊同。anumaññi,【過】。

Anumata (Anumaññati的【過), 已贊同,已許可。

Anummatta(an + ummatta),【形】心不錯亂,無有亂意(not out of mind, sane, of sound mind)

Anumati(from anumaññati),【陰】同意,許可,證實(consent, permission, agreement, assent, approval)

Anumasati(anu + masati),(to touch (= anumajjati DA I.276))

Anumāna(<anu + man),【陽】推論推理,比量(inference)

Anumināti(cf. Sk. anumāti, anu + mināti from mi, Sk. minoti, with confusion of roots mā & mi)觀察,推論(to observe, draw an inference)

Anumīyati (anu+mā測量+ī+yaSk. anumīyate, Pass. of anu + mā), 推論出,總結。anumīyi,【過】。

Anumodaka,【三】感激的人,感謝者。

Anumodati (anu+modati欣喜), 隨欣喜,歡喜,感激。anumodi,【過】。

Anumodana (<anumodati), 【中】滿足(satisfaction),感謝(thanks, to say grace or benediction, blessing, thanksgiving)anumodana datvā, anumodana katvā, anumodana vatvā, anumodana karoti, 幫個忙(to do a favour)satthāra anumodana yācisu, 請求他的祝福(asked his blessing)Anumodanattha, 以便感謝(in order to thank)

Anumodanā,【陰】1.感恩,感激。2.回向功德。

Anumodita, (Anumodati 的【過) 歡喜,感激。

Anumodeti (Anumodati 的【使】), 令歡喜,使感激。

Anuyanta,【現】跟隨,依靠。

Anuyāta (anuyāti 的【過), 已被跟隨。

Anuyāti (anu+yā+a), 跟隨。anuyāyi,【過】。

Anuyāyī,【三】隨從。

Anuyuñjanā(<anuyuñjati)【陰】。anuyuñjana﹐【中】應用(application),熱誠(devotion to)VvA 346 (anuyujjana wrong spelling?)

Anuyuñjati (anu+yuj致力+-a), 練習(to practice),詢問(to ask a question),追究責任(to call to account)anuyuñji,【過】anuyojeti﹐【使】。anuyuñjiyamāna【現】。padhānamanuyuñja﹐再接再厲。

Anuyutta (Anuyuñjati的【過), 1.已參加。2.已隨從。3.已封臣。

Anuyoga(<anu +yuj致力;Sk. anuyoga),【陽】1.一再練習,一再習行(=耽溺),奉獻,質詢,審訊(application, devotion to, execution, practice of; maṇḍan’ânuyoga anuyutta); (attakilamath’ânuyoga a.); A.II,205 (attaparitāpan’ânuyoga a.). -- As adj. (-°) doing, given to, practising (cp. anuyutta). (padhān’ânuyogakicca); dhamma°2.邀請(invitation, appeal, question)

Anuyogī,【三】修習者,參加者。

Anuvyañjana, anubyañjana (anu +vyañjana特徵),【中】隨特徵。

Anurakkhaka,【形】隨護,隨護者。

Anurakkhana,【中】隨護。

Anurakkhati (anu+rakkh+a), 隨時保護。anurakkhi,【過】。【2..命】anurakkhi。【2..命】anurakkhatha

Anurakkhā,【陰】保衛,保護。

Anurakkhin (<anurakkhati隨護),【形】隨護的,隨時保護的。

Anurakkhiya,【形】被防護的。

Anurakkhī, 隨護隨護者。參考 Anurakkhaka

Anurañjati (anu+rañj被附上+a), 依戀,歡喜。anurañji,【過】。

Anurañjita, (Anurañjeti的【過) 變亮,美化

Anurañjeti (anu+rañj+e), 變亮,美化。anurañesi,【過】。

Anuratta (anurañjati 的【過), 已依戀,已喜歡。

Anurava,【陽】共鳴的,回聲。

Anurādhā,【陰】房宿(二十七星宿之一)

Anurujjhati(<anu + rudh)﹐順從,滿意(compliance, satisfaction)。【反】virodha(反對)

Anuruddha,【陽】1.阿那律(人名)2.認同。anuruddha-paiviruddha,認同或敵對。

Anurūpa,【形】適當的,一致的。tassānurūpā, 連同它

Anurūpa,【梵】如應,如法,應,相似,相應,色類,障礙,隨其所應,隨順。

Anurodati (anu+rud+a), 哭。anurodi,【過】。

Anurodha(anu+rudh),【陽】服從(compliance),服貼。【反】virodha

Anulitta, (Anulimpati的【過) 塗抹,塗sīlagandhānulitta,戒香塗抹。

Anulimpati (anu+lip(lip / limp)+-a); anulimpeti (anu+lip+-e), 塗抹,塗。anulimpi, anulimpesi,【過】。

Anulimpana,【陽】塗抹,塗。

Anuloma,【形】規則的,不敵對的,隨順的;【陽】適合。anulomika,【形】適當的,順序的。anulomikāya khantiyā samannāgato, 成就隨順忍。anulomapailoma 順逆。anulomika khantiṁ(anulomikakhantianulomikā vā khantī”ti)隨順忍PsA.CS:p.2.7.Anulomikāti lokuttaradhammāna anulomato anulomikā. Khantīti ñāṇa.(隨順:隨順出間諸法的隨順。:智。)

Anulometi (【動用】自 anuloma), 符合。anulomesi,【過】。

Anuvattaka (< anuvatteti), 【形】偏袒的,附和的,追隨的。1. = anupavattaka (q. v.) Th.1, 1014 (cakka°). -- 2. following, siding with (-°) Vin.IV,218 (ukkhittânuvattikā f.).

Anuvatti(Anuvattin) (< anuvattati), 【形】【三】偏袒者,附和者,支持者,追隨者,模仿者。

Anuvattati (anu+vat+a), 同意,追隨,模仿。

Anuvattana,【中】服從,順從。

Anuvatteti (anu+vat +e), 旋轉,繼任,追隨。anuvattesi,【過】。

Anuvadati (anu+vad+a), 責怪。anuvadi,【過】。

Anuvassa,【副】一年一次,每年,每個雨季。anuvassika,【形】一年一次的,每年的。

Anuvāta,【陽】向前吹的風,愉快的風。anuvāta,【副】順風。

Anuvāda,【陽】1.責備,責難。2.翻譯。

Anuvāsana,【中】香水。

Anuvāsita (Anuvāsita的【過), 已灑香水。

Anuvāseti (anu+vas+e), 塗香水,注入香味。anuvāsesi,【過】。

Anuvicarati (anu+vi+car+a), 遊蕩,漫遊。anuvicari,【過】。

Anuvicarita (Anuvicarati的【過), 已沉思,已反映。

Anuvicarana,【中】漫遊,四處流浪。

Anuvicināti (anu+vi+ci收集+nā), 沉思,調查。anuvicini,【過】。

Anuvicca (Anuvicināti的【獨】), 知道,發現。anuviccakāra,【陽】調查,考慮周到的行動。

Anuviijaka,【陽】主考者,調查人。

Anuvijjati (anu+vid(vid)+ya), 調查,徹底地知道。anuvijji,【過】。

Anuvijjhati (anu+vidh貫穿+ya), 貫通,徹底地明白。anuvijjhi,【過】。

Anuvitakketi (anu+vi+takk(tark)+e), 反映,沉思。anuvitakkesi,【過】。

Anuvidita,【過】已辨認出。

Anuviddha (anuvijjhati 的【過)

Anuvidhīyati (anu+vi+dhā +ī+ya), 依照行動。anuvidhīyi,【過】。

Anuviloketi(anu+vi+lok+e), 瀏覽,審視。anuvilokesi,【過】。

Anuvuttha,【過】已居,已住。

Anuvyañjana,【中】中級的屬性。

Anusavacchara,【副】一年一次。

Anusakkati (anu+sakk能幹+a), 向後移動,向一邊移動。anusakki,【過】。

Anusañcarati (anu+sa+car+a), 向前走,迂迴地走。anusañcari,【過】。

Anusañcarita (Anusañcarati的【過), 已經常出入。

Anusañcaraa,【中】步行,走來走去。

Anusaa (anusarati 的【過), 已灑,已散佈。

Anusandati (anu+sand +a), 向前流,連接。anusandi,【過】。

Anusandhanatā(saṁ+dhana)【陰】隨屬(property, belongings)

Anusandhi,【陰】連接,結論。

Anusaya (<anuseti隨眠),【陽】傾向,潛伏的傾向(dormant disposition),隨眠。DhsA.CS:p.277Maggassa hi ekameva kicca anusayappajahana.(()的唯一作用是斷隨眠。)

Anusayati (anu+si眠﹑臥+a), 隨眠、使(潛在的煩惱)躺著睡眠。anusayi,【過】。

Anusayita, Anusayati的【過】躺著睡眠。

Anusarati (anu+sar(s)動轉+a), 隨後,跟隨。anusari,【過】。anusaa,【過】。

Anusavati(anu+su流動+a), 不斷地流動,不斷地滲出。anusavi,【過】。

Anusahagata, Ausahagata,【形】剩餘, 殘滓。

Anusāyika,【形】固有的,慢性的。

Anusāra,【陽】跟隨。anusārena,【副】符合。

Anusārin, anusāri-, (< anu + sarati),【形】努力,根據行事(following, striving after, acting in accordance with, living up to or after)dhammānusārin saddhānusārin, 隨法行,隨信行(living in conformity with the Norm & the Faith)bhavasotānusārisu(pl.Loc.), 於隨之流(S.I,15)

Anusāvaka,【陽】發表者,宣佈者。

Anusāvana,【中】anusāvanā,【陰】宣佈,公佈,宣告。

Anusāvita, (Anusāveti的【過) 通告,宣佈。

Anusāveti (anu+su流動+e), 通告,宣佈。anusāvesi,【過】。

Anusāsaka,【陽】顧問。

Anusāsati (anu+sāsati教誡), 隨教誡,勸告,訓誡。anusāsi,【過】。【未被】anusāsitabba。【被】anusāsiyati被隨教誡。【現anusāsiyamāna被隨教誡。【過anusiṭṭha 隨教誡。【獨】anusāsiya 隨教誡。

Anusārin (<anu+sarati流動),【形】隨流動。

Anusāsanī (<anusāsati隨教誡),【陰】隨教誡(instruction, teaching, commandment, order)反復教導爲隨教誡若教導已發生的事情,也稱為隨教誡

Anusāsana,【中】anusāsanī,【陰】anusāsanā,【陰】忠告,指令。

Anusikkhati (anu+sikkh+a), 隨學

Anusikkhana,【中】練習,跟隨。

Anusikkhā,【陰】隨學。SA.8.8./I,279.Anusikkheti tisso sikkhā sikkheyya.(()隨學三學。)

Anusikkhin (<anusikkhati隨學),【形】隨學。

Anusiṭṭha (Anusāsati 的【過)

Anusiṭṭhi,【陰】警告,忠告,教誡SA.2.1./I,103.Anusāsanti anusiṭṭhi.(隨教誡︰教誡。)

Anusūyaka,【形】不嫉妒的。

Anuseti (anu+si(śī)眠﹑臥+a)(anuśayate), 隨眠、使(潛伏的煩惱),躺著睡眠(lie dormant)。【過anusayita。參考 Anusayati隨眠、使。

Anusocati (anu+socati悲傷), 悲悼。anusoci,【過】。

Anusocana (<anusocati隨悲傷),【中】隨悲傷anusocanā,【陰】悲悼,悲傷。

Anusota,【陽】向下水流 anusota 【副】沿著湧流 anusotagāmī,【形】順著水流的人。

Anussati (anu+sarati),【陰】隨念,回憶,深切注意,隨念。十隨念(dasa anussatiyo),有:1.佛隨念buddhānussatirecollection of the Buddha2.法隨念Dhammānussatirecollection of the Dhamma3.僧隨念Saghānussatirecollection of the Sagha4.戒隨念sīlānussatirecollection of the virtue5.()隨念cāgānussatirecollection of the generosity6.天隨念devatānussatirecollection of the deities7.死隨念maraṇānussatimindfulness of death8.寂止隨念(隨念涅槃之德)upasamānussatirecollection of peace9.身至念(隨念32種身體的成分)kāyagatāsatimindfulness occupied with the body10.安那般那念(隨念呼吸)ānāpānassatimindfulness of breathingDhsA.(CS: pg.191)Punappuna saraato anussaraavasena anussati.(一而再地記住,處於緊隨著記住,為隨念)

Anussaraa,【中】回想,記憶。

Anussarati (anu+sar(s)動轉+a), ,隨念anussari,【過】。anussarita,【過】。anussara,【現】。anussata & anussara

Anussaritu,【陽】記得的人。

Anussava,【陽】風聞(直譯:隨聽到),傳統,慣例。

Anussāveti (anu+sāveti使[]),使隨聽[]。【3..過】anussāvesusaddamanussāvesu, 已使聽到聲言(3p.aor.)

Anussuka, Anussukka, (an+ussuka狂熱),【形】無狂熱(eagerless),不熱心的(inactive),與世無爭。SA.1.28./I,53.Anussukāti avāvaṭā.(無狂熱︰無障礙。)

Anussuta,  I.【形】無貪欲。II.(anu+suta[]),【過】已聽說。

Anuhīramāna,【現】被攔截。

Anūna, Anūnaka(Vedic anūna, an + ūna),【形】不缺乏的完全的(not lacking, entire, complete, without deficiency)anūnatā,【陰】完全。

Anūpama,【形】沒有比較的。

Anūhata,【形】未根絕的,未除根的。

Aneka (an+eka),【形】許多的,各種不同的。anekappakāra,【形】anekarūpa,【形】種種的。anekavidha,【形】種種的,各式各樣的,多種形式的,有許多部分的,多方面的。anekasate anekasahasse﹐數百數千。anekasaggāha﹐蓄含種種緊握。

Anekavihita (aneka許多+vihita準備【過),【形】許多已被準備。

Aneja (an+ejā),【形】無動,不動,無貪欲。

Anedha,【形】無燃料。

Anapekkha (an+apekkha顧及),【形】不顧及。

Anesanā,【陰】錯誤的謀生方式。《法集論根本注》(CS:pg.97) Ekavīsati anesanā ((比丘)二十一種錯誤的謀生方式(Ekavīsati anesanā))

Anea, aneaka,【形】完美的,純粹的。

Anelagala, Aneagala, Aneagaa,【無】無瑕疵的。

Anoka(an+oka住處),【形】1.無住處的2.無執著的。DhA.vv.87-89.CS:pg.1.381.anoka vuccati anālayo, ālayato nikkhamitvā anālayasakhāta nibbāna paicca ārabbha ta patthayamāno bhāveyyāti attho.(無住處(無家)被叫做無附著;從附著已離去後,無附著爲條件作為涅槃的緣,確立它自此以後應修習之義。)

Anokāsa,【形】沒有機會、空間或時間。

Anokāsakata, 【陽】未得許可。

Anojā,【陰】有橙色花的植物。

Anotatta(Anavatapta),【陽】阿耨(ㄋㄡˋ)達池,喜馬拉雅山的一個湖的名字(《長阿含經》說,由阿耨達池流出四大河。T1.116.3)

Anottappa (an+ottappa愧;<na+ava+tapp折磨),【中】無愧anottāpī,【形】不害怕罪惡的。

Anodaka (an+udaka),【形】無水的。

Anodarikatta (an+odarikatta貪吃的狀態),【中】不貪吃的狀態。

Anodissaka,【形】1.無限制的。2.一般的。3.沒有個別暗示的。

Anodhi (an+odhi限制),【陽】無限制,無限定,無邊界,不預設立場。

Anonamanta,【形】不彎下的。

Anoma,【形】較高的,完美的。anomadassī,【陽】有至高的智慧的人。anomanāma,【中】大名鼎鼎。

Anosakkanā,【陰】奮發。

Anovassaka,【形】避雨處。

Anovattata nāga-rājan﹐阿耨達龍王,譯為無熱惱龍王,為八大龍王之一。長阿含第三十經世記經:「此閻浮提所有龍王盡有三患,唯阿耨達龍無有三患。云何為三?一者舉閻浮提所有諸龍,皆被熱風、熱沙著身,燒其皮肉,及燒骨髓以為苦惱,唯阿耨達龍王無有此患。二者舉閻浮提所有龍宮,惡風暴起,吹其宮內,失寶飾衣,龍身自現以為苦惱,唯阿耨達龍王無如是患。三者舉閻浮提所有龍王,各在宮中相娛樂時,金翅大鳥入宮搏撮,或始生方便,欲取龍食,諸龍怖懼,常懷熱惱,唯阿耨達龍無如此患。若金翅鳥生念欲住,即便命終,故名阿耨達。」

Anta(=Anata),【陽】1.終極。2.邊界。【形】終極,末端,盡頭,頂端。【中】腸。antakara,【形】結束。antakiriyā,【陰】終止,減輕。antagamana,【中】去到末端,根除。antagua,【中】腸繫膜。antapūra,【陽】腸。antavaṭṭi,【陰】腸的盤繞anta-saññin﹐認為世界是有邊際的想法。

Antaka (anta終極+ka (名詞, 表示矮小、輕蔑),【陽】終極者,死亡。

Antakiriyā (anta終極+kiriyā),【陰】作終極。

Antagua (anta+gua串、種類),【中】腸間膜。

Antamaso(<anta終極),【無】至少。【副】甚至。

Antara,【中】1.內部 2.中途。【形】1.內部的,2.在中間的。【副】在之間。antare, 在中間。antarakappa,【陽】中劫。antaraghara,【中】內村,內房。antarasāṭaka,【中】內衣。etthantara, 【中】於其中間。

Antarayati(cp. denom.<antara),夾在中間走(to go or step in between)ger. antaritvā (= antarayitvā)Pāci.IV,176(CS:Pāci.pg.228)Antaraghara nāma rathikā byūha sighāṭaka ghara.(住宅區︰有車道、群衆、十字路、住家。)

Antara-﹐【字首】內,中間。

Antarasa,【陽】兩肩之間的空間。

Antarakappa (antara中途+kappa), 中途劫、中劫。

Antaraghara (antara內部+ghara), 家內。

Antaraṭṭhakahaka,【中】冬天最寒冷的八天,(印度)下雪時。

Antarantarā,【副】偶爾,有時候。

Antaradhāna, antaradhāyana(<antaradhāyati消失),【中】不見,消失。

Antaradhāyati (antara+ dhāyati), 消失(to disappear)antaradhāyi,【過】。antarahita,【過】。

Antaradhāpeti (Antaradhāyati的【使】), 令消失。

Antaravāsaka,【陽】內衣。

Antarahita (antaradhāyati 的【過)

Antarā ( antara‘中途的【離】),【副】從中途,之間。antarāmagge, 在途中在道路上。

Antarāpaa,【陽】市場。

Antarāparinibbāyin (antarāparinibbāyī)(antarā從中途【副】+parinibbāyin遍涅槃),【形】從中途遍涅槃(他譯:中般涅槃,指生至色界的壽命的一半即證得遍涅槃,並非指「於欲界死後尚未生至色界的中有之間,即已斷滅五下分結而入般涅槃」。)

Antarāya,【陽】障礙,險阻。Mv.I,112-3.Tatrime antarāyā-- (1)rājantarāyo, (2)corantarāyo, (3)agyantarāyo, (4)udakantarāyo, (5)manussantarāyo, (6)amanussantarāyo, (7)vāḷantarāyo, (8)sarīsapantarāyo, (9)jīvitantarāyo, (10)brahmacariyantarāyoti.(這些()障難︰(1)王難(國王常來光顧)(2)賊難、(3)火難(火災)(4)水難(水災)(5)人難、(6)非人難、(7)野獸難、(8)爬蟲類難(sarīsapa蛇、蠍等)(9)命難、(10)梵行難(遭女人性騷擾))

Antarāyika,【形】形成障礙物的。antarāyiko dhammo障道法。

Antarāla,【中】間隔。

Antarika,【形】中間物,下一個。antarikā,【陰】間隔,空隙。agulantarikā, 手指的間隔。

Antalikkha(Vedic antarika = antari-ka(ki)擁有, 處在空中或地上的),【中】大氣,空中(the atmosphere or air )(= vehāyasa-saññita a. PvA 14); KhA 166.  antalikkhaga going through the air A I.215. -- antalikkhacara walking through the air.

Antavant (ādj.) [anta1 + °vant] having an end, finite. --anantavant endless, infinite

Antavantu,【形】有結束的。

Antika,【形】(【合】)在末端,接近。【中】接近,鄰居關係。

Antima (anta終極+ma),【形】最終極,最後,結局。

Antimadeha (antima最終極+deha),最後身。antimasārīra﹐最後身。antimadehadhārī, 持最後身。

Antaikkha,【中】天空。

Antepura,【中】1.內城鎮。2.閨房。antepurika,【形】閨房的。

Antevāsika, antevāsin(ante+vas+in),【陽】內住者,待在旁邊的人,跟主人住在一起的人,隨從,徒弟too5 te7。台語:司仔sai a2

Anto-﹐【字首】內。

Anto,【無】內,裡面,內部。antokucchi,【陽】【陰】子宮。antogata, antogadha,【形】包括(台語︰pau kuat),容納。antogabbha,【陽】內房間。antogāma, 內村。antoghara,【中】內房子。antojana,【陽】家庭成員。antojāta,【形】內結,生在房裡,奴隸。antovassa,【陽】【中】雨季。antovuttha,【形】存在內的。

Antojāta,【形】內結。「內結與外結」(antojaṭā bahijaṭā)指對於自物.他物(saka-parikkhāra-para-parikkhāresu ),或於自身.他身(saka-attabhāva-para- attabhāvesu),或於內處與外處(ajjhattikāyatana-bāhirāyatanesu)生愛著。內處(ajjhattikāyatana)即眼.....意。外處(bāhirāyatana)即色.....

Antonimugga (anto向內+nimugga向下潛【過),【過】向內向下潛。

andu, anduka,【陽】腳鐐,桎。

andughara,【中】監禁,監獄。《佛種姓()(Bu.p.17.vv.128-9)128.“Yathā andughare puriso, ciravuttho dukhaṭṭito. Na tattha rāga janesi, muttiyeva gavesati. 129.“Tatheva tva sabbabhave, passa andughare viya. Nekkhammābhimukho hohi, bhavato parimuttiyā.(如人久禁牢獄而苦楚,於其處不生染著,唯求出脫。你應視一切有如牢獄,為求立刻出獄,由生有出脫。)

andha,【形】1.盲的。2.愚蠢的。andhakaraa,【形】使人眩目的,使人混淆的。andhabāla,【形】愚蠢的,非常愚蠢的。

andhabhūta (andha盲目【形】+bhūta變成【過),【過】變成盲目,無知識。

andhaka,【陽】盲蠅。【形】安達人,安達國的。

andhakāra (andha盲目+kāra者【陽】),【陽】黑暗,困惑,迷亂。

andhantama,【陽】【中】很暗。

anna,【中】食物,米飯。annada,【形】施食者。annapāna,【中】食物和飲料。

Annabhāra貧窮(擔食物者)

Annapāna (anna+pāna飲料)﹐飯及飲料。

Anvagā 【三..過】他跟隨。

Anvagū 【三..過】他們跟隨。

Anvaddhamāsa,【副】一個月兩次,半個月一次。

Anvattha,【形】依照感覺。

Anvadeva, Anudeva, (anu+eva)(anva-d-eva with euphonic d.; like sammad-eva corresponding to Sk. anvag-eva),【無】跟隨在後(behind, after, later)

Anvaya,【陽】過程,一致,符合,傳統。

Anvaha,【副】每日的。台語:每日mue2 jit8、逐日tak8 jit8、逐工tak8 kang。閬時無閬日lang3 si5 bo5 lang3 jit8

Anvāgata,【形】1.賦予。2.跟隨。

Anvāya,【獨】經歷,證得。

Anvāyika,【形】跟隨。

Anvāvisati (anu+ā+vis(viś)進入+a),佔有。anvāvisi,【過】。anvāviṭṭha,【過】。

Anvāhata,【形】打,擊。

Anvāhiṇḍati (anu+ā+hid+-a), 遊蕩。anvāhiṇḍi,【過】。

Anveti (anu+i +a), 跟隨,接近。

Anvesaka,【形】搜索,尋求者。

Anvesati (anu+es+a) 尋求,搜尋。anvesi,【過】。

Anvesanā,【陰】尋求,搜尋,調查。

Anvesī, 努力,尋求。【陽】搜索者。

ap﹐【字根IV.】接近(to approach)

apa-﹐【字首】離、脫離。

Apakaḍḍhati (apa+kaḍḍh拖拉+a),拉走,退走,拿掉,取消。apakaḍḍhi,【過】。apakaḍḍha,【過】。

Apakaḍḍhana,【中】拉走,退走,拿掉,取消。

Apakata (Apakaroti的【過), 已扔掉,已脫掉,已廢除。【中】傷害,危害,故障,惡作劇,損害。

Apakaroti (apa+kar+o), 傷害,侵犯,使厭惡。apakari,【過】。

Apakassa, (Apakassati的【獨】), 移動,除掉。

Apakassati (apa+kass+a), 移開,除去。apakassi,【過】。

Apakassanā,【陰】移動。

Apakāra,【陽】傷害,使厭惡。

Apakkama,【陽】移掉,離開。

Apakkamati (apa+kam+a), 離開,走開。apakkami, 】。apakkanta,【過】。

Apakkamma, Apakkamati的【獨】離開,走開。

Apagacchati (apa+gam+a), 走開,避開,撇開。apagacchi,【過】。

Apagata (apagacchati的【過), 已移掉,已離去,已走開。

Apagabbha,【形】(apa+gabbha:) 不注定再生的;(a+pagabbha:) 不傲慢的。

Apagama,【陽】移開,消失。anapagama,【反】。

Apagamma,【獨】移開了。

Apacaya,【陽】下跌,縮小,撤回,毀滅。apacayagāmī, 再生的毀滅。acayagāmino dhammā, 流轉法。apacayagāmino dhammā, 還滅法。nevācayagāmināpacayagāmino dhammā, 非流轉非還滅法。

Apacāyati (apa+cāy看到﹑觀察+e), 敬意,尊敬。apacāyi,【過】。apacāyeyya,未被】。

Apacāyana,【中】apacāyanā,【陰】崇拜,尊敬,恭敬

Apacāyaka, apacāyī,【形】敬禮。

Apacāyita, (apaciiyati 的【過)

Apacināti (apa+ci收集+nā), 散失,減少。apacini,【過】。apacināti, no ācināti.(減而不增, S.22.79./III,89.) nevācināti(=neva+ācināti) na apacināti(既不減也不增, S.22.79./III,90.)

Apaciti,【陰】尊敬,贖罪。

Apacinana,【中】破壞,贖罪。

Apacca,【中】兒女,子孫,後代。

Apaccakkha,【形】未見過的,未體驗的,未測試的。

Apajita,【中】擊敗。【過】已擊敗。

Apaṇṇaka,【形】真實的,無錯誤的,無缺點的。

Apatāsi,apatāsi

Apatthaa,【形】未鋪開的。

Apatthaddha,【形】不傲慢的。

Apatthita & Apatthiya,【形】不應該被期望的。see pattheti(pa+atth+e), 熱望,渴望。

Apatha,【陽】迷途,邪道。

Apada,【形】無足的。apadatā,【陰】無腳。

Apadāna,【中】偉人傳,傳說,譬喻(avadāna音譯為阿波陀那,義譯為「出曜」或「日出)apadāne na sampāyati﹐引喻失義。

Apadisa,【陽】證物,證言。

Apadisati (apa+dis指出+a) 作證,引述。apadisi,【過】。

Apadisana,【中】指出。

Apadesa,【陽】理由,陳述。

Apadhāraa,【中】蓋子。

Apanāmana,【中】移開,趕走。

Apanāmeti (apa+nam+e), 驅逐,除去。apanāmesi,【過】。

Apanidahati (apa+ni+dah放置+a), 藏,隱藏。apanidahi,【過】。

Apanihita, (Apanidahati的【過) 隱藏

Apanīta, (apaneti 的【過) 已取走,已除去。

Apanudati (apa+nud除去+a), 驅趕,驅散。apanudi,【過】。

Apanudana,【中】移掉,驅除。

Apanuditu,【陽】驅除者。

Apaneti (apa+nī引導+a), 取走,除去( to lead away, take or put away, remove)apanesi,【過】。pass. apanīyati. pp. apanīta

Apamāra,【陽】癲癇症。

Apara(<apa),【形】1.另外的,其他的。2.西方的。aparabhāge(在引文中), 然後,後來地。Nom.pl.aparewith other part.like aparo pint.apara what follows i.e.future state, consequence; future(nâpara nothing more)(略同punabbhava).Cases adverbially; apara (Acc.) further, besides; often with other part.like athāpara & further, moreover; and puna c’apara(puna ca para) and passim; aparam pi. aparaparena in future.-- Repeated (reduplicative formation) aparāpara (local) to & fro; (temporal) again and again, off & on (= punappuna).
  aparanta
後際= apara(a.) further away, westward. (b.) future (aparakappika); (aparānudiṭṭhi -- thought of the future); aparāpariya (<aparâpara) ever-following, successive, continuous, everlasting; used with ref.to kamma. aparabhāga the future, lit.a later part of time, only in Loc. aparabhāge at a future date, later on.

Aparajju,【副】隔天(台語:閬一工lang3 cit8 kang,閬工lang3 kang)

Aparajjhati (apa+radh+ya), 侵犯,犯罪。aparajjhi,【過】。

Aparaṇṇa,【中】穀類食品之外的豆種子等(豆類(beans),及其他類似豆類植物(other leguminous plants),如︰mugga(m. )māsa(m. 菜豆) tila(n. 芝麻子)kulattha(m. 雙花扁豆)alābu(n. 長白葫蘆), kumbhaṇḍa(m. 南瓜pumpkin)cf. Vin.IV,35 & DA.I,81)

Aparaddha, (Aparaṇṇa的【過), 1.已有罪。2.已失敗。

Aparanta,  1.尾端。2.未來。3.西方印度的一個國名

Aparappaccaya,【形】不仰賴他人。

Aparājita,【形】不可征服的,不敗的

Aparādha,【陽】罪過,罪行。

Aparādhika, aparādhī,【形】犯罪的,罪犯。

Aparāpariya,【形】經常跟隨的,繼承的,連續的。

Apariggahita,【形】空閒的,未持有的。

Aparicchinna,【形】無限的,不分開的。

Aparimāṇa,【形】無限的,不可測量的,無量的。

Aparimita,【形】無限的,無量的。

Aparihāniyadhamma,【形】不退法,不衰法,不引起損失或毀滅的法。

Apalāyī,【形】不逃的,大膽的。

Apalāleti (apa+lāl+e), 愛撫,愛。apalālesi,【過】。

Apalibuddha,【形】無阻礙的,自由的,沒有障礙(沒有其他苦惱)

Apalikhati (apa+likh+a), 刮掉,舔掉。apalikhi,【過】。

Apalikhana,【中】舔掉,刮掉。

Apalokana,【中】許可,同意。apalokana, 【反】。

Apalokita, (Apaloketi的【過) 1.尊敬,仰望,請求,通知。2.不崩潰(SA.43.12.-33./III,112.Apalujjanatāya apalokita不崩潰,為不崩潰)

Apaloketi (apa+lok+e), 尊敬(to look ahead),仰望(to look before),請求(to be cautious),照料(look after)apalokesi,【過】。

Apavagga,【陽】最後引渡,結束。

Apavadati (apa+vad+a), 責備,責怪。apavadi,【過】。

Apavāda,【陽】責備,責怪,挑剔。

Apavijjhati, 丟棄,拒絕。

Apaviddha(apavijjhati 的【過, Vedic apa + vyadh), 已丟棄,已拒絕(thrown away, rejected, discarded, removed)

Apasakkati (apa+sakk+a),避開,移動。apasakki,【過】。apasakkita,【過】。

Apasakkana,【中】移開。

Apasavya,【中】右邊,台語:正手爿

Apasādana,【中】蔑視。

Apasādita, (Apasādita的【過) 輕視,衰退,貶損

Apasādeti (apa+sad+e), 輕視,衰退,貶損。apasādesi,【過】。

Apasmāra,【陽】癲癇症。參考 apamāra

Apassaya,【陽】1.支援。2.墊子。3.枕頭。apassayika,【形】躺在。

Apassita, (Apasseti的【過), 已倚靠,已仰賴。

Apasseti, apassayati (apa+si眠﹑臥+e aya), 倚靠,仰賴。apassayi,【過】。

Apassena-phalaka,【中】墊板。

Apahatu(Apahatar),【陽】除去的人(one who takes away or removes, destroyer)

Apaharati (apa+har+a), 除去,取走,搶奪。apahari,【過】。apahaa,【過】。

Apaharaa,【中】移開,偷。

Apahāra,【陽】取走,搶奪。

Apāṅga,【陽】眼角。

Apākaa,【形】潛伏的(latent),不明的。

Apācī,【陰】南方。

Apācīna,【形】向西的。

Apāda, apādaka,【形】無足的,爬行的,匍匐的。

Apāṇa,【中】呼出。

Apādāna,【中】分離,離格。

Apāpuraa, avāpuraa(=kuñcika),【中】鑰匙。

Apāpurati, Avāpurati (apa+ā+pur+a), 打開。

Apāya(Sk. apāya<apa+i), “going away”),【陽】1.分離(separation, loss)2.損失(loss (of property))3.漏出(leakage, out flow (of water)) 4.過失(lapse, falling away (in conduct))5.地獄,苦途(a transient state of loss and woe after death)apāyagāmin,【形】惡趣,苦趣。apāyamukha,【中】導致毀損(“facing ruin”, leading to destruction (= vināsa-mukha DA.I,268))apāyabhūmi,惡趣(惡處之地,state of deprivation)apāyasahāya,【陽】揮霍的朋友。apāyadukkha, apāyadukkhāni,【中】()分別離苦。D.15.-0-6/II,119.Apāyāti avaḍḍhitā, sukhena, sukhahetunā vā virahitāti attho.(離去(福樂)︰無福利,無快樂,無快樂的因之意。) Vism.427.Apāyanti evamādi sabba nirayavevacanameva. Nirayo hi saggamokkhahetubhūtā puññasammatā ayā apetattā, sukhāna vā āyassa abhāvā apāyo. Dukkhassa gati paisaraanti duggati, dosabahulatāya vā duṭṭhena kammunā nibbattā gatīti duggati. Vivasā nipatanti ettha dukkaakārinoti vinipāto. Vinassantā vā ettha patanti sabhijjamānagapaccagātipi vinipāto.  Natthi ettha assādasaññito ayoti nirayo. Atha vā apāyaggahaena tiracchānayoni dīpeti.  Tiracchānayoni hi apāyo sugatito apetattā, na duggati mahesakkhāna nāgarājādīna sambhavato.  Duggatiggahaena pettivisaya.  So hi apāyo ceva duggati ca, sugatito apetattā dukkhassa ca gatibhūtattā.  Na tu vinipāto asurasadisa avinipatitattā.  Vinipātaggahaena asurakāya.  So hi yathāvuttena atthena apāyo ceva duggati ca sabbasamussayehi ca vinipatitattā vinipātoti vuccati.(苦界」等幾個字都是地獄的異名。因為地獄無得天與解脫的因緣及缺乏福德之故,或因不受諸樂之故為「苦界」。因為是苦的趣──即苦的依處故為「惡趣」;或由多瞋及惡業而生的趣為「惡趣」。因為作惡者不願意而墮的地方故為「墮處(落難處);或因滅亡之人破壞了四肢五體而墮於此處故為「墮處」。因為這裏是毫無快樂利益可說的,故為「地獄」。或以苦界一語說為畜界,因為畜界不是善趣故為苦界,又因有大威勢故龍王等亦生其中故非惡趣。以「惡趣」一語說為餓鬼界,因為他不是善趣及生於苦趣,故為苦界及惡趣,但不是墮趣,因為不如阿修羅的墮趣之故。以「墮趣」一語說為阿修羅,因依上面所說之義,他為苦界及惡趣,並且因為棄了幸福而墮其處故為墮趣。)DA.16./II,544(CS:p.2.134):「地獄,實是所謂的不從何處(去來)(=無自由),無增長,是離去(福樂)。依靠苦的趣,為苦趣。那些犯錯者,他們跌入無法控制的地方,為落難處。」(Nirayādayo hi vaḍḍhisakhātato ayato apetattā apāyā. Dukkhassa gati paisaraanti duggati. Ye dukkaakārino, te ettha vivasā nipatantīti vinipātā.)(離去(福樂)處、苦趣、落難處都是地獄的同義詞。) (Dhātumālā語法論, CS:p.144)pāyoti ca nirayo tiracchānayoni pettivisayo asurakāyoti cattāro apāyā.(地獄、畜生、餓鬼、阿修羅即為四惡趣。)

Apāyati,【陽】逃走。apāyasu(2p.aor.), (他們)逃走S.11.6./I,224.Parājitā ca kho, bhikkhave, devā apāyasveva uttarenamukhā, abhiyasveva ne asurā.(諸比丘!已戰敗之諸天向北逃逸,諸阿修羅(隨後)攻打(abhiyasu<abhiyāti)他們。)

Apāra,【形】無限的,沒有對岸,【中】近岸。apāraneyya,不達彼岸,難到達的。

Apāruta,【形】開的,脫光的。

Apālamba,【陽】(馬車的)靠背。S.1.46./I,33.Hirī tassa apālambo.(慚為彼靠背)

Api-﹐【字首】在。

Api(Sk. api & pi),【無】然後,那麼,即使( “close by”, then as prep. “towards, to, on to, on” and as adv. “later, and, moreover”) (台語:若準na7 cun2,著算tioh8 sng3)api ratte稍後,在晚上(later on in the night)apidhāna﹐穿上、戴上(putting on to)apiahati綁上、束縛(bind on to)apihita﹐穿上、戴上(put on to)apica(api ca), 但是此外,還有(further, and also, moreover)apica kho(=api ca kho), 可是但是(moreover, and yet, still, all the same)apinu, 疑問式語氣(so much so)apināma, 如果 (我們) 可能。apissu, 甚至於。app’eva nāma(api + eva nāma), 或許。

Apitika (adj.)(a + pitika)無父的(fatherless)

Apetthekacco(api+ettha這裡+ekacco某個)﹐於茲某個。

Apidhāna,【中】蓋子。

Apilāpana,【中】不漂浮的。《法集論》(Dhs.#52., #332)Anupavisanasakhātena ogāhanaṭṭhena apilāpanabhāvo apilāpanatā. Yathā hi lābukaṭāhādīni udake plavanti, na anupavisanti, na tathā ārammae sati.  Ārammaañhesā anupavisati, tasmā apilāpanatāti vuttā.( 進入之稱,進去之意,不漂浮的狀態,為不漂浮性。就像葫蘆在水上飄浮,不溶入(),沒有如是的所緣。那所緣確實溶入,因此稱為不漂浮性)

Apisua,【形】不中傷,不挑撥離(not backbiting)

Apiha, apihālu,【形】不貪婪的。SA.8.2./I,187.Apihālūti nittaho.(不貪婪︰無欲。)

Apurakkharāna(a+puraḥ),【現】無希望。直譯:無放置在面前。Apurakkharānoti vaṭṭa purato akurumāno.無放置在面前面前無正在做回轉。

Apekkha, apekkhaka, apekkhī,【形】顧及,在意,找尋,人選。Apekkha,【陽】期待,期待者。

Apekkhati (apa+ikkh(īk)+a), 渴望,期待。apekkhi,【過】。

Apekkhana,【中】Apekkhā,【陰】希望,欲望,期望。

Apekkhita, (apekkhati 的【過)

Apeta (apeti 的【過), 已走開,已免除,已沒有。apetatta,【中】缺席。anapeta,【反】沒有缺席。DhpA.v.41.“bhikkhu aya tava kāyo apetaviññāṇo nirupakāro hutvā kaligara viya pathaviya sessatī”ti.(人死後,這身體無意識,將臥在地上,就像朽木一樣。)

Apeti (apa+i+a), 走開,消失。apesi,【過】。

Apetteyyatā,【陰】不父親。

Apeyya,【形】不可飲的,不應該喝的。

Apuññābhisakhāra﹐【陽】非福行。

Appa, appaka,【形】小的,少的,無關重要的。【中】一點點。appakasirena,【副】無困難。

Appakicca,【形】少責任。KhA.240.Appa kiccamassāti appakicco, na kammārāmatābhassārāmatāsagaikārāmatādi-anekakiccabyāvao, atha vā sakalavihāre navakammasaghaparibhogasāmaera- ārāmikavosāsanādikiccavirahito, attano kesanakhacchedanapattacīvarakammādi katvā samaadhammakiccaparo hotīti vutta hoti.(少俗務︰是少有作務之事。少作種種事務,包括少作園林,少廢話,少結伴等。換句話說,免除所有在精舍新的僧務,沙彌的養成,或僧伽園的作務等。(至於)自己的頭髮、指甲的修剪,衣缽的修護等,及其他必要的沙門法,則應該作)

Alpa,【梵】一,小,少,少分,尟,尠,減,無,短,短促。

Appakiṇṇa,【形】不擁擠的,安靜的。

Appagabbha,【形】不驕傲的,不鹵莽的。

Appaggha,【形】無價值的,不值的。

Appaccaya,【陽】不滿,悶悶不樂的樣子。【形】沒有因素。

Appaigha,【形】不妨害的,沒有忿怒,沒有反擊,無對(阿毘達摩用語)。【陽】【中】沒有反擊。【反】sappaigha有對

Appainissagga,【陽】不放棄。

Appaipuggala,【陽】無比肩者,無等倫者

Appaibaddha,【形】不連接的,不依靠的。

Appaibhāṇa,【形】使迷惑的,使不知所措的,使昏亂的。

Appaima,【形】無比的。

Appaivattiya,【形】不倒退的。

Appaivāna,【形】不畏縮的。appaivānī,【陽】熱心的人。

Appaividdha,【形】未達到的,未瞭解的。

Appaivedha(a+paṭi+vyadhī)﹐不通達,不知Appaivedhāti appaivijjhanena apaccakkhakiriyāya.(貫通、不明白)(AA.4.1.))

Appaisandhika,【形】1.不會再生的。2.無法修好的。

Appaṇā, appanā(<ī+āpe+ana, ā取代īp成為pp,即ā+pp+ana= appanā(āpp的前面變成acp. Sk. arpaa<ri, abstr. fr. appeti = arpayati from of , to fix, turn, direct one’s mind)【陰】安止,把心固定在一個對象(application (of mind), ecstasy, fixing of thought on an object, conception )appanā-samādhi,安止定(已得禪那,具有五禪支)、根本定。Vibhv.PTS:p.197Mahaggatabhāvappattā appanābhāvanā nāma appanāsakhātavitakkapamukhattā.(CS:p.258) Sampayuttadhammehi ārammae appento viya pavattatīti vitakko appanā. Tathā hi so “appanā byappanā”ti (dha.sa.7) niddiṭṭho. Tappamukhatāvasena pana sabbepi mahaggatānuttarajhānadhammā “appanā”ti vuccanti.(達到廣大的狀態,稱為安止修習,以為首的所謂的安止。已固定在相應諸法的所緣上如轉起,為安止。而它已定義為安止(appanā)、極安止(byappanā=vyappanā<vi+appanā)。於為首的一切廣大、出世間禪法,稱為安止。)

Appaihita(a+paihita),【形】【中】無渴愛,無願的(毫無貪瞋痴的渴望)(free from desire)PsA.(CS:pg.1.88.)Tahāpaidhi-abhāvena appaihitaṭṭho.(無渴愛之願,為無願之義)

Appatikiṭṭha,【形】不輕視的。

Appatiṭṭha(a + patiṭṭha),【形】1.沒有立足點的,無助的(not standing still, without a footing or ground to stand on, bottomless)

Appatissa, Appissa(a + pai + su(śru, śru)聽到),【形】不易教化的,造反的(not docile, rebellious)

Appatihata, appaihata,【形】未重擊的,不阻隔的。

Appatīta(a + patīta, of prati + i, Sk. pratīta),【形】得罪,冒犯,惹怒。Pārā.III,168 (CS:Pārā.pg.257)Appatītoti tena ca kopena, tena ca dosena, tāya ca anattamanatāya, tāya ca anabhiraddhiyā appatīto hoti.(不滿︰以脾氣暴躁、以瞋恚、以不滿意、以不滿足,為不滿。)

Appaduṭṭha(a + paduṭṭha) ,【形】不生氣的,不腐爛的(not corrupt, faultless, of good behaviour)

AppadhasikaAppadhasiya(grd. of a + padhaseti),【形】不該違犯的(not to be violated or destroyed, inconquerable, indestructible)

Appanā﹐安止()。《廣釋》(Vibhv.CS:p.258)Sampayuttadhammehi ārammae appento viya pavattatīti vitakko appanā.(安止():在已固定在相應諸法的所緣上如轉起,為安止)可知,是達到安止()的重要關鍵。Rūpa-arūpa-lokuttara-magga-phala-anurūpa-samatha-vipassana-bhāvanā-citta-abhinīharaa-anurūpato, appanāya vīthi appanāvīthi.(()色界無色界出世間道、果一致,與熱切的奢摩他、毘缽舍那修習心一致,安止的心路,為安止心路)

Appamajjana, 【中】疏忽KhA.142.appamajjana appamādo. (不疏忽,為不放逸)

Appamaññā(a + pamaññā, abstr. fr. pamāṇa = Sk. *pramānya),【陰】無量心(catasso appamaññā無量= cattāro brahmavihārā四梵住),即:慈mettā、悲karuṇā、喜muditā、捨upekkhā

Appamatta1(appa + matta),【形】輕微的,微小的,無關重要的。appamattaka,【中】瑣事,少量,小事。

Appamatta2(a+pamatta, pp. of pamajjati< mad(mad / mand)使被發狂),【形】不放逸的(not negligent)AA.7.79./IV,67.Appamattoti sati-avippavāse hito.(不放逸︰住立於與()念不分離。) MA.7./I,180.Appamatto kammaṭṭhāne sati avijahanena. (不放逸︰於業處不放棄()念。) MA.57./III,107.Appamattoti kammaṭṭhāne sati avijahanto. (不放逸︰於業處()念不放棄。)

AppamāṇaAppamāna,【形】1.無量的,無限的( “without measure”, immeasurable, endless, boundless, unlimited, unrestricted all-permeating)2.無不同的,不相干的( “without difference”, irrelevant)

Appamāda (a+pamāda<mad(mad / mand)使被發狂),【陽】不放逸SA.6.15./I,223.(=DA.16./II,593.)Appamādena sampādethāti sati-avippavāsena  sabbakiccāni sampādeyyātha.(成就不放逸︰與()念不分離,於一切(時地)應該完全被做到。)

Appameyya,【形】不可測量的。

Appavatti,【陰】非持續,非存在。

Appasanna(a+pasanna已明亮的)﹐尚未明亮的。

Appasāda,【陽】不快樂,不喜歡。

Appasattha,【形】(appa+sattha = 旅行隊:) 有很少同伴或共事者的。(a+pasattha:), 不被稱讚的。

Appasanna,【形】1.得罪。2.不信的、沒有信心的。

Appasamārambha,【形】小麻煩的。

Appassaka,【形】持有一點點,貧窮的。

Appassāda,【形】小快樂的。

Appahīna,【形】未移動的,未破壞的。

Appāṇaka(a+pāṇaka),【形】1.無息氣的。2.不包含昆蟲的。

Appāhāra(a+pahāra毆打,打擊),【陽】不毆打,不打擊,悠悠。

Appātaka,【形】無病的。

Appiccha(appa+iccha),【形】少欲(=無欲,或少掉欲望)appicchatā,【陰】少欲(AA.1.7./I,75.appicchatāti alobho.(少欲︰無貪)。少欲:Appicchoti santaguaniguhanatā, paccayapaiggahae ca mattaññutā, eta appicchalakkhaanti iminā lakkhaena samannāgato.(少欲:冷靜、內斂,接受(既有的)資具,(飲食)知量,那少欲的特徵,具足這些特徵。) SA.2.29.Appicchoti icchāvirahito ni-iccho nittaho.(少欲:空欲、無欲、無欲望。) Ettha hi byañjana sāvasesa viya, attho pana niravaseso.(此處標示並不完全的,義理尚未完全括曩) Na hi tassa anto aumattāpi pāpikā icchā nāma atthi.(他的內部沒有一丁點的惡欲) Khīṇāsavo hesa sabbaso pahīnataho.(那個人確實漏盡,斷除一切渴愛) MA.24./II,138.Apicettha atricchatā pāpicchatā mahicchatā appicchatāti aya bhedo veditabbo.(也沒有過度的貪、惡欲、邪欲,這裂解應被知。)  AA.8.30./IV,118.Appicchassāti ettha paccayappiccho, adhigamappiccho, pariyatti-appiccho, dhutagappicchoti cattāro appicchā.(少欲此處:1.資具少欲(多給少拿,少給更少拿,但不是一無所有)2.證得(禪那而)少欲;3.經教少欲4.(保持)頭陀少欲,四種少欲。)alpêcchā-satuṣṭi, alpêcchatā, alpêcchu satuṣṭa,【梵】少欲知足。

Appita, (appeti 的【過】;cp. BSk. arpita), 已應用、已集中(fixed, applied, concentrated (mind))2.帶到、固定在(brought to, put to, fixed on J.VI.78 (maraamukhe))visappita, 毒箭(an arrow to which) poison (is) applied, so read for visap(p)īta at J.V.36 & Vism.303)byappitā(< vi+appitā已集中), ()已很集中

Appiya,【形】不喜的,不合意的。D.22./II,306.“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho? Idha yassa te honti aniṭṭhā akantā amanāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā, ye vā panassa te honti anatthakāmā ahitakāmā aphāsukakāmā ayogakkhemakāmā, yā tehi saddhi sagati samāgamo samodhāna missībhāvo, aya vuccati, bhikkhave, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho.(然,諸比丘!什麼是怨憎會苦呢?於此,凡是不可喜的、不愉快的、不合意的色(n.)、聲(m.)、香(m.)、味(m.)、觸(n.)、法(m.n.);或者凡是益的欲、無利的欲、麻煩的欲、從執著中釋放的欲,和合、集合、聯合、會合。諸比丘!這稱為怨憎會苦)

Appekadā,【副】(api+ekadā), 有時。

Appeti (ap+e), 應用,固定。appesi,【過】。appenta﹐【現】已固定。

Appeva, appeva nāma,【無】如果就好,如果就行。

Appesakka,【形】小影響力。

Appossukka,【形】不關心,生活悠閒(unconcerned, living at ease, careless, “not bothering”, keeping still, inactivein stock phrase appossukka tuhībhūta sakasāya “living at ease, given to silence, resigned); Th 2, 457 (= nirussukka ThA 282); Sn 43 (= abyāvaa anapekkha Nd2 72); Dh 330 (= nirālaya DhA IV.31); J I.197; IV.71; Miln.371 (a. tiṭṭhati to keep still); DA I.264.

Appossukkatā),【陰】不活躍、勉強(inaction, reluctance, carelessness, indifference.)

Apphua, Apphuta,【形】不觸及,不彌漫的(untouched, unpervaded, not penetrated)

Apphoṭā (<appoeti to blossom),【陰】一種茉莉花(Jasmine J VI.336)

Apphoita, (Apphoeti的【過), 已鼓掌。【中】鼓掌。

Apphoeti (ā+phu+e), 撚拇指,彈指,鼓掌。

Aphala,【形】不結果的,徒然的,無用的。

Aphassita,【形】不接觸的。

Aphāsu,【形】不安的,不自在,困難的,麻煩的。aphāsuka,【中】疾病。

Abaddha, abandhana,【形】無束縛的,自由的。

Ababa,【中】一個地獄的名字(阿婆婆地獄),一個有76個零的數位。

Abala (a+bala強力的),【形】無力的,弱的,微弱的。abalā,【陰】女人。

Abāhira (a+bāhira外部),【形】無外部。

Abādha,【形】無礙的。

Abbahati, Abbuhati, 拔除。【過】abbuhi。【獨】 abbuyha 【過abbūḷhaopt. abbahe, abbhuye

Abbaa (a+vaa),【形】無傷的。

Abbata (a+vata禁制)【中】無道德。【形】無道德的,不持戒的。

Abbahati﹐拔除。

Abbuda ( arbuda),【中】1.皰、腫瘤。2.頞部陀,在懷孕後第二個星期的胎兒。3.分離的因素。4.一個地獄的名字(頞部陀地獄)5.ㄍㄞ (1=100)。【形】垓ㄍㄞ地獄。

Abbuyha ( abbahati拔除的【獨】), 拔除。

Abbuhati﹐拔除。

Abbūhati (ā+vi+ūh +a), 排掉,拉出。abbūhi,【過】。

Abbūḷha, (Abbūhati的【過) 排掉,拉出。

Abbokiṇṇa(= abbhokiṇṇa)( abhi +ava +kiṇṇa, cp. Abhikiṇṇa),【形】不間斷的,持續的,不擁擠的。satata samita﹐恆常不間斷地

Abbocchinna,【形】不間斷的。

Abbohārika(a + vi + ava + hārika of voharati; not of legal or conventional status ),【形】1.可忽略的(negligible, not to be decided ). 2.不尋常(uncommon, extraordinary)

Abbha(abhra),【中】(cloud),雲層( a cloudy mass)Abbhā﹐【陰】雲。abbhakūṭa,【中】暴風雲的頂點。abbhapaala,【中】大量的雲。

Abbhaka(abhraka),【中】滑石,石墨,粉狀石墨。

Abbhakkhāti (abhi全面+ā+khā+a), 中傷,反對。abbhakkhāsi,【過】。

Abbhakkhāna (<abbhakkhāti控告),【中】誹謗,控告

Abbhañjati (abhi全面+añj塗油+a), 塗抹,潤滑。abbhañji,【過】。

Abbhañjana,【中】1.塗抹,塗油。2.軟膏。

Abbhatīta (abhi全面+atīta過去﹑跨越),【形】經過的,過去的。【過】全面過去,全面跨越。

Abbhattha (abhi全面+attha滅沒) 【中】滅沒。abbhatthagata(abbhatthagatadisappeared), 已消失。

Abbhanumodati (abhi全面+anumodati隨喜), 全面隨喜。【過】abbhanumodi

Abbhanumodanā,【陰】很感謝,隨喜功德。

Abbhantara (abhi全面+antara內部﹑中途),【中】1.裡邊,內部。2.一阿陀羅(一阿陀羅等於二十八肘。Sp.Mv.V,1052.eka abbhantara aṭṭhavīsati hatthappamāṇa hoti.)【形】內部的,內在的。abbhantarika,【形】親密朋友,心腹朋友,知己。

Abbhāgata,【三】客人,陌生人,【過】已到達。

Abbhāgamana,【中】抵達,挺身而出。

Abbhācikkhati (abhi全面+ā+cikkh+a), 責備,中傷,誹謗。abbhācikkhi,【過】。

Abbhācikkhana,【中】控告,中傷。

Abbhāna(abhi + āyana of ā + yā (i)),【中】復歸(比丘身份)(coming back, rehabilitation of a bhikkhu who has undergone a penance for an expiable offence)

Abbhāhata (abbhāhanati 的【過), 已攻擊,已使痛苦,已折磨。

Abbhukkiraa,【中】抽出,灑。

Abbhukkirati (abhi全面+u 出、上+kir+a), 灑。abbhukkiri,【過】。

Abbhuggacchati (abhi全面+u出、上+gam+a), 升入,出去。abbhuggacchi,【過】。

Abbhuggata, (Abbhuggacchati的【過) 升入,出去

Abbhuggamana,【中】升起。

Abbhuggirati (abhi全面+u+gir+a), 以脅迫的方式升起手或揮動一些東西abbhuggiri,【過】。

Abbhuggiraa,【中】揮。

Abbhujjalana (abhi全面+u+jalana)﹐【中】口吐出火。

Abbhuṭṭhāna,【中】站起來,起床,進步。

Abbhuta,【形】令人驚奇的,未曾有的。【中】奇迹,一個奇異的事物,打賭。

Abbhudeti (abhi全面+udi +e), 升,形成。abbhudesi,【過】。

Abbhunnata,【形】升高,高。

AbbhunnatiAbbhuṇṇati, (<abhi全面+unnati),傲慢(haughtiness)

Abbhunnamati (abhi全面+u+namati),湧出。【獨】abbhunnamitvā

Abbhumme,【歎】唉!

Abbhuyyāti (abhi 全面+u+yā+a), 進軍。abbhuyyāta,【過】。

Abbhokāsa (abhi全面﹑超越+avakāsa機會﹑空間),【陽】戶外,露天,無庇護的地方,海闊天空,全都露,清閑abbhokāsika,【陽】住在戶外的人。abbhokāsova pabbajja(PTS: abbhokāso ca pabbajja), 出家是海闊天空。SnA.v.406./II,381.Abbhokāsoti vuttasambādhapaipakkhabhāvena ākāso viya vivaṭā.(海闊天空︰如所說的齷齪,對治消失之後,露出空間。)

Abbhokiṇṇa,【形】擁擠的。

Abbhokiraa,【中】1.灑。2.舞者的運動。

Abbhokirati (abhi全面+ava+kir+a), 灑。abbhokiri,【過】。

Abyāpāda (a+byāpāda逆向行),【陽】無拂逆、無瞋。

Abyāpāra無興趣(uninterestedness)

Abrahmacariya (a+brahmacariya梵行),【中】非梵行。Kh.31.Abrahmacariyassa pana cattāri agāni bhavanti-- (1)ajjhācariyavatthu ca hoti, (2)tattha ca sevanacitta paccupaṭṭhita hoti, (3)sevanapaccayā payogañca samāpajjati, (4)sādiyati cāti.(非梵行有四條件︰1.交媾(若是邪淫,則對象非配偶)2.生起淫欲心。3.達到從事(性交)之緣的方式4.接納樂受(sādiyati cāti)) KhA.26.Abrahmacariyanti aseṭṭhacariya, dvayadvayasamāpattimethunappaisevanā kāyadvārappavattā asaddhammappaisevanaṭṭhānavītikkamacetanā abrahmacariya.(非梵行︰非殊勝行(=卑劣行),以從事非正法原因的違犯之思(=),運用身門,雙雙達到三摩缽地(性高潮)從事婬欲,為非梵行。) KhA.34.Abrahmacariyā veramaiyā vigatapaccatthikatā sabbajanapiyatā annapānavatthasayanādīna lābhitā sukhasayanatā sukhappaibujjhanatā apāyabhayavinimuttatā itthibhāvappailābhassa vā napusakabhāvappailābhassa vā abhabbatā akkodhanatā paccakkhakāritā apatitakkhandhatā anadhomukhatā itthipurisāna aññamaññapiyatā paripuṇṇindriyatā paripuṇṇalakkhaatā nirāsakatā appossukkatā sukhavihāritā akutobhayatā piyavippayogābhāvatāti evamādīni.(離非梵行(的果報)沒有仇敵,一切人所喜愛,獲得食物、飲料、衣服、住處,躺臥快樂,醒覺快樂,解脫苦界(=惡趣)的怖畏,不會生為女性或不能男,不忿怒、不掩飾、不驚慌、臉不下向(丟臉),男女相愛,諸根圓滿,諸相圓滿,無疑惑、生活悠閒、樂住,無怖畏處,無離別喜愛,如此等(果報))(KhA.34.)(按︰「不會生為女性」((na) itthibhāvappailābhassa),乃由「願生為男」或「不願生為女」來決定。))

Abrahmacārin (a+brahmacārin梵行【形】),【形】非梵行。

Abrāhmaa (a+brāhmaa婆羅門),【陽】非婆羅門。

Abhabba (a+bhabba能夠﹑可能),【形】不能的,不精通的。abhabbatā, 無能,不可能性。

Abhaya (a+bhaya恐懼),【形】安全的,無畏的。【中】無恐懼

Abhayā,【陰】訶子。1.一種東印度喬木 (Terminalia chebula),常綠喬木,葉子卵形或橢圓形。果實像橄欖,可以入藥,有輕瀉、止咳等作用。産於中國雲南、廣東,以及印度、緬甸、馬來亞等地。它是「三果粉」(Triphala churna)的三種成份之一,Amalaki, Vibhitaki and Harītaki(=abhayā),治療消化不良dyspepsia, 痔瘡piles, 血濁impurity of blood, 眼睛感染irritation in eye & 出血haemorrhage)2.這種植物的果實,也叫藏青果。

Abhava (a+bhava變成)﹐不變成,,非有。

Abhavissa(<bhavati)﹐如果有(cond.2sg.3sg.)(與事實相反的假設)

Abhāva (a+bhū+a),【陽】消失,烏有,不在,缺席,變成,未有,非有,無性,無自性。【獨】bhavitvā, bhūtvāabhavitvā…bhavati﹐本無今有。

Abhāvita (a+bhāvita修習(【過),【形】未修習的,未熟練的。

Abhāvitatta﹐【中】未被修習的狀態。

Abhāsi[bhāsati]他曾說【單..過】。

Abhi-,  【字首】全面,對。覺音論師以五義釋「阿毘」:(Sp.I,20.) (CS:Pārā.pg.1.16) Ayañhi abhisaddo vuḍḍhilakkhaapūjitaparicchinnādhikesu dissati. Tathāhesa--“Bāḷhā me āvuso dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti no paikkamantī”ti-ādīsu (ma.ni.3.389 sa.ni.5.195) vuḍḍhiya āgato. “Yā tā rattiyo abhiññātā abhilakkhitā”ti-ādīsu (ma.ni.1.49) lakkhae. “Rājābhirājā manujindo”ti-ādīsu (ma.ni.2.399 su.ni.558) pūjite. “Paibalo vinetu Abhidhamme Abhivinaye”ti-ādīsu (mahāva.85) paricchinne.  Aññamaññasakaravirahite dhamme ca vinaye cāti vutta hoti.  “Abhikkantena vaṇṇenā”ti-ādīsu (vi.va.75) adhik.(阿毘說曰:阿毘者,意義、識義、讚歎義、斷截義、出過廣義、大義、無上義。何謂為意?憶持也。識者分別也。讚歎者。常為聖人之所讚歎也。斷截者。分別偈也。出過者。過於餘法也廣者。於諸法中最為廣也。大者諸法之最大也。無上者。諸法無能勝也。曇者。舉義承義護義。何謂為舉。舉者。舉置眾生於善道也。承者。承受眾生不令入三惡道也。護者。擁護眾生令得種種快樂也。藏者器也。何謂為器?器者,能聚集眾義也。T24.676.2)一、意,是增上義(阿毘達磨就是增上法,下例)。二、識,是特性(自相)義。三、讚歎,是尊敬義。四、斷截,是區別義。五、長,是超勝義《善見律毘婆沙》卷一(T24.676.2)

Abhikakhati (abhi+kakh+-a), 渴望,願望。abhikakhi,【過】。abhikakhita,【過】。

Abhikakhana, abhikakhita,【中】希望,渴望,希望。

Abhikakhī,【形】願望的,欲望的。

Abhikiṇṇa, (Abhikiraa的【過) 已撒滿。

Abhikiraa,【中】散佈。

Abhikirati (abhi+kir+a), 淹沒,散佈,灑。

Abhikīrati (abhi+kīrati被作), 全面被作。

Abhikūjati (abhi+kuj鴣鴣叫+a), 鳥鳴,()唱。abhikūji,【過】。

Abhikūjana,【中】鳥的歌唱。

Abhikīḷati [abhi + kīḷati] to play (a game), to sport Miln.359 (kīḷa).

Abhikūjita [Pv.II,123 (cakkavāka°; so read for kujita).

Abhikūjita(abhi + kūjita, pp. of kūj),【過(鳥的歌)已響亮(resounding (with the song of birds))cakkavakkābhikūjitā(Pv.2-12./p.42.), 紅鵝叫聲Cp. abhinikūjita.

Abhikkanta (abhikkamati 的【過】;in sense of Sk. and also P. atikkanta), 【形】【中】1.向前走,已越過(lit. gone forward, gone out, gone beyond) 2.太美妙了(極優美、極可欲、極可喜、極美善、超群)(excellent, supreme (= sundara))。【中】前進。abhikkantāya rattiyā, 初夜分(6-10pm)

Abhikkanta﹐【歎】向前走!(going forward (and backward), approach (and receding))。已超群!太美妙了!太棒了!S.3.1./I,70.(《相應部》有73)“Abhikkanta, bhante, abhikkanta, bhante! Seyyathāpi bhante, nikkujjita vā ukkujjeyya paicchanna vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā magga ācikkheyya andhakāre vā telapajjota dhāreyya--‘Cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti.(大德!太美妙了!大德!太美妙了!大德!譬如倒者扶起,覆者揭露,迷者示道,暗中舉燈,有眼者得見諸物)

Abhikkantāya rattiyā ([abhikkantāya向前走(【陰】【單】【處】,【過)] [rattiyā夜間(【陰】【單】【處】)] ), 在已向前走的夜間。

Abhikkama,【陽】I.【陽】向前走,前進(going forward, approach, going outopp. paikkama going back))。【過[paikkama走回] II.向前走(【單..命】)abhikkamosāna(abhikkama+osāna停止)﹐停止前進。Abhikkamosāna paññāyati no paikkamoti知道()停止復原不減退。

Abhikkamati (abhi全面+kam+a), 進行,向前走(直譯:全面走) (goes forward, approaches, advances, progresses)。【2..命】abhikkamatha。【過abhikkantaabhikkami,【過】。

Abhikkhaa,【形】不變的。abhikkhaa,【副】不變地,時常。

Abhikkhaati (abhi全面+khā+a), 掘出。abhikkhai,【過】。

Abhikkhaana,【中】掘,挖。

Abhigajjati (abhi全面+gad+ya), 吼,打雷。abhigajji,【過】。

Abhigajjana,【中】吼聲,雷鳴。

Abhigijjhati (abhi全面+ gidh貪婪+ya), 覬覦,渴望。abhigijjhi,【過】。aññamaññābhigijjhanti, 互相覬覦(S.1.28./I,15)

Abhigijjhana,【中】覬覦,渴望,貪欲。

Abhigīta (abhi全面+gīta唱誦(【過) )(abhigāyati 的【過), 已唱。

Abhighāta,【陽】1.撞擊,衝擊,接觸。2.殺害。

Abhighātana,【中】殺害,破壞,毀壞。

Abhighātī,【陽】敵人,破壞者。

Abhijappati (abhi全面+jap(jap)喃喃自語+a), 祈禱(praying for),喃喃而語。abhijjappi,【過】。

Abhijappā (<abhijappati, cp.jappā)【陰】祈禱,熱望(strongly asserting one’s right)

Abhijappana, abhijappita,【中】1.喃喃而語。2.許願。3.講話。

Abhijāta,【形】出生良家子弟,生得高貴。

Abhijāti, ābhijāti, (abhi全面+jāti),【陰】1.再生,降落。2.種類。chaabhijātiyo, 六生類。富蘭那迦葉(Pūraa Kassapa)宣稱有「六生類」(chaabhijātiyo),即:(1)(kahābhijāti,包括屠夫、獵人、盜賊等)(2)(nīlābhijāti,比丘、及其餘一切之業因論者kammavādā、業果論者kriyavādā)(3)(lohitābhijāti,只穿一衣的耆那教徒,比前兩種人更清淨)(4)(haliddābhijāti,由裸體外道的白衣在家人)(5)(sukkābhijāti,男女邪命外道)、與(6)究竟白(paramasukkābhijāti,由難陀・瓦加(Nanda Vaccha)、提沙・桑提加(Kisa Sakicca)與末伽梨・瞿舍梨(Makkhali Gosāla)所組成,他們最清淨)(cf.《增支部》A.6.57./III,384.) 世尊否定這種說法,說「六生類」︰(1)黑生類(生於卑賤家)而生起黑法(身語意行惡行,死後生惡趣)(2)黑生類而生起白法(身語意行善行,死後生善趣)(3)黑生類(安住於四念住,修七覺支)生起非黑非白之涅槃(akaha asukka nibbāna)(4)白生類(生於尊貴家)而生起黑法,(5)白生類生起白法,(6)白生類生起非黑非白之涅槃。(A.6.57./III,384-7)。《大般若波羅蜜多經》卷第三百八十三(T6.979.3 ~ 980.1)︰「非黑非白法,感非黑非白異熟,所謂預流果,或一來果,或不還果,或阿羅漢果,或獨覺菩提,或復無上正等菩提。」(cf. T7.383.1.729.2)

Abhijānana,【中】盡知,證知。

Abhijānāti (abhi全面+ñā+nā), 盡知(全面知),證知。abhijjāni,【過】。【單..現】abhijānāmi。【3.過】abbhaññāsi。【3..過】abbhaññasu; 【過abhiññāta; 【獨】abhiññāya, abhiññā}

Abhijāyati (abhi全面+jan(jan / jā)+ya), 出生得好,出現得好。

Abhijigisati (abhi全面+har+sa), 願克服。abhijigisi,【過】。

Abhijjanaka, abhijjamāna,【形】未打破的,未分開的。

Abhijjamāna(ppr. passive of a + bhid(bhid))破碎, see bhindati)﹐【現】無被迸裂,無被拆散。

Abhijjhā(abhi+dhyā),【陰】貪婪(台語:tham lam5),妄羨,古譯:增伺。abhijjhālu,【形】貪婪的,妄羨的。A.3.66./I,194. “Abhijjhāti kho aha, Sāḷhā, etamattha vadāmi. Luddho kho aya, Sāḷhā, abhijjhālu pāṇampi hanati, adinnampi ādiyati, paradārampi gacchati, musāpi bhaati, parampi tathattāya samādapeti, ya sa hoti dīgharatta ahitāya dukkhāyā”ti.(「沙羅哈!我說貪婪這意思。舍羅哈!這貪心,是因貪欲而殺有息者,取不該取之物,與他人之妻通,虛誑,也煽動他這樣作,凡此,能引長夜之無益與苦。)

Abhijjhādomanassa (abhijjhā貪欲【陰】+domanassa不如意【中】),【陽】貪欲及不如意。

Abhijjhāvisamalobha (abhijjhā貪婪【陰】+visama不平順的【形】+lobha貪欲【陽】)﹐【陽】貪欲。

Abhijjhāyati (abhi全面+jhe+a), 願望,妄想。abhijjhāyi,【過】。abhijjhita,【過】。

Abhiñña (<abhiññā全面知),【形】博學的,有知識,全面知。SA.6.3./I,205. Saya abhiññā sacchikatvāti sāma jānitvā paccakkha katvā.(親自作證︰已親自領會,已作了現見) AA.1.16./II,19.abhiññāyāti aniccādivasena lakkhaattaya āropetvā abhijānanatthāya.(通智︰無常等三相熟練之後,全面知之意。)

Abhiññāta (abhijānāti全面知的【過), I.【過】全面知。II.【形】著名。

Abhiññāya,  1.( abhijānāti‘全面知的【獨】)2.[abhiññā全面知](【陰......處】)

Abhiññā, (<abhijānāti全面知)【陰】I.全面知,特別的知識,非凡的力量,神通。II.Abhijānāti‘全面知的【獨】。

Abhiññā, abhiññāya,【獨】熟悉。

Abhiññāṇa,【中】特徵。

Abhiññāta, (abhijānāti 的【過), 已衆所周知,已公認。

Abhiññeyya,【形】應該熟悉的。

Abhiha,【形】連續的,習慣的,屢屢的abhiha,【副】時常,重地,再三地。AA.10.48.Abhihanti abhikkhaa punappuna.(屢屢時常重複。)

Abhiha,【副】經常。

Abhihaso,【副】總是,重地,再三地。

Abhitatta (abhitapati 的【過), 已被燒焦,已熱。

Abhihāna (abhi + hāna, cp. abhitiṭṭhati; lit. that which stands out above others) ,【中】大罪或死罪(a great or deadly crime. Only at Sn.231 = Kh VI,10 (quoted Kvu 109))Six are there mentioned, & are explained (KhA 189A.1.14./I,27.M.115./III,65.Vbh.p.336.) as “matricide, parricide, killing an Arahant, causing schisms, wounding a Buddha, following other teachers”. 六大逆罪chaccabhihānāni,殺母、殺父、殺阿羅漢、(以惡心)(如來身)血、破和合僧團、邪信(信仰外道)(mātughātapitughāta-arahantaghātalohituppādasaghabheda-aññasatthāruddesakammānīti)

Abhitapati (abhi全面+tap(tap)使發光+a), 照耀,發光。abhitapi,【過】。

Abhitāpa,【陽】很熱。

Abhitāḷita, (Abhitāḷeti的【過】打,槌打,擊鼓等。

Abhitāḷeti (abhi全面+tāḷ+e), 打,槌打,擊鼓等。abhitāḷesi,【過】。

Abhituṇṇaabhitunna (abhitudati的【過), 已受打擊, 已制服, 已壓倒。

Abhitudati (abhi全面+tud+a), 刺穿刺激。abhitudi,【過】。

Abhito,【無】周圍(台語:四箍輦si3 khoo lian2 tng2)

Abhitoseti (abhi超勝+tus滿足+e), 徹底地滿足。abhitosesi,【過】。

Abhitthanati (abhi超勝+ than+a), 打雷。abhitthani,【過】。abhitthanita,【過】。

Abhittharati (abhi超勝+tarati2匆忙), 催促,趕緊作。abhitthari,【過】。【3..反照】abhittharetha

Abhitthavati (abhi全面+ thu稱讚+a), 稱讚。abhitthavi,【過】。

Abhitthavana,【中】稱讚。

Abhitthuta, (abhi全面+tthavati 的【過)

Abhitthunāti (abhi全面+ thu稱讚+nā), 稱讚。abhitthuni,【過】。

Abhidosa,【陽】昨晚。abhidosika, 】昨晚的 (參考 ābhidosa)

Abhidhamati (abhi全面+dham)(dham/ dhmā)+a), 吹。abhidhami,【過】。

Abhidhamma (abhi超勝﹑對+dhamma),【陽】超勝的法,對法,阿毘達摩,論藏。abhidhammika,【形】論藏師。巴利論藏(Abhidamma-piaka)有七部論:一、法集論(Dhammasagaṇī)。二、分別論(Vibhaga)。三、論事(Kathāvatthu)。四、人施設論(Puggalapaññatti)。五、界說論(Dhātukathā)。六、雙對論(Yamaka)。七、發趣論(Paṭṭhāna)

Abhidhammapiaka Sagāyanassa pucchā vissajjanā (CS:p.2)dhammātireka dhammavisesaṭṭhena bhante Abhidhammoti vuccati.(大德!超越法與有別於法之義,稱為阿毘達摩)

Abhidhammatthasagaha,【陽】《攝阿毘達摩義論》阿耨樓陀尊者(11~12世紀上半期的人)所著,是巴利佛教中一部最精拔的作品,文簡義豐,敘述了各種重要的法相,有系統地介紹了全部論藏的綱要書《說一切有部發智大毘婆沙論》卷第一,列出阿毘達磨諸論師對「阿毘達磨」之定義:1.於諸法相能善決擇能極決擇。2.於諸法性能善覺察能善通達。3.能於諸法現觀作證。4.法性甚深能盡原底。5.諸聖慧眼由此清淨。6.能善顯發幽隱法性。7.所知法性無始幽隱,離此無有能顯發。8.所說法性無有乖違,若有能於阿毘達磨自相共相極善串習,必無有能如法問難,令於法性有少違。10.能伏一切外道他論。11.常能決擇契經等中諸法性相。12.於十二支緣起法性善覺了。13.以能現觀四聖諦法。14.善說修習八聖道法。14.能證涅槃。15.能於諸法以無量門數數分別。16.於雜染清淨繫縛解脫流轉還滅法,以名身、句身、文身次第結集安布分別。17.此是究竟慧,此是決斷慧,此是勝義慧,此是不謬慧。18.求解脫者修正行時,能為分別所未了義,謂此是苦,此是苦因,此是苦滅,此是趣滅道。此是加行道,此是無間道,此是解脫道,此是勝進道,此是向道,此是得果,能正分別如是等義。19.此法增上。如有頌言:慧於世間尊,能決擇趣向,以正了知故,老死盡無餘。20.慧能照法。如契經說:一切照中我說慧照最為上首。21.於諸法中涅槃最上,此法次彼。22.阿謂除棄,毘謂決擇。此法能除棄決擇。何所除棄?謂結縛、隨眠、隨煩惱、纏。何所決擇?謂蘊、界、處、緣起。諦食及沙門果菩提分等。23.阿毘者是助言顯現前義,此法能引一切善法,謂諸覺分皆現在前。24.阿毘者是助言顯增上義。25.阿毘助言顯恭敬義,此法尊重可恭敬。(T27.4.1 ~ 3)

Abhidhā,【陰】abhidhāna,【中】命名,名稱,世尊說,名,名義,施設,能詮,言,言語,言說,語言,說

Abhidhāvati (abhi全面+dhāv+a), 跑向,催促。abhidhāvi,【過】。

Abhidheyya,【形】名爲。【中】意義。

Abhinata (abhi全面namati 的【過), 已彎曲,已鞠躬,已頂禮。

Abhinadati (abhi超勝+nad+a), 嗚響。abhinadi,【過】。

Abhinadita, (abhi超勝nadati的【過),【中】噪音。

Abhinandati (abhi超勝+nand歡喜+a) 歡慶,全面歡喜。【1..過】abhinandi。【3.過】abhinandi。【3..過】abhinandu。【獨】abhinanditvā。【未被】abhinanditabba。【3.祈】abhinandeyya。【過abhinanditaabhinandi,【過】。

abhinandin (<abhinandati全面歡喜),【形】全面歡喜。【陰】abhinandinītatratatrābhinandinī, 處處全然愛喜DA.22./III,800.Tatratatrābhinandinīti yatra yatra attabhāvo, tatra tatra abhinandinī.(處處全然歡喜︰在在處處自己存活,就在在處處全然歡喜。)

Abhinandana,【中】歡喜,高興。

Abhinandita (abhinandati 的【過),【中】愉快的對象

Abhinandī,【形】歡喜的人,享受的人。

Abhinamati (abhi超勝+nam彎曲+a), 彎曲,彎腰,鞠躬,頂禮。abhinami,【過】。

Abhinayana,【中】1.使恢復知覺。2.質詢。

Abhinava,【形】新的,新鮮的。

Abhinādita,【過】已嗚響。

Abhinikūjita,【形】嗚響著 (鳥的歌)

Abhinikkhamati (abhi全面+ni+kham(kam)忍受+a), 前去,隱世,隱居。abhinikkhami,【過】。abhinikkhanta,【過】。abhinikkhamma,【獨】。

Abhinikkhamana,【中】放棄(頭銜),抛棄(野心),出家。

Abhinikkhipati (abhi全面+ni+khip+a),躺下。abhinikkhipi,【過】。abhinikkhitta,【過】。

Abhinikkhipana,【中】放下。

Abhininnāmeti (abhi全面+ninnāmeti使轉向),使全面轉向。dibbāya sota-dhātuyā citta abhinīharati abhininnāmeti(心傾注天耳界)ceto-pariyañāṇāya citta abhinīharati abhininnāmeti(心傾注他心智)pubbe-nivāsānussati-ñāṇāya citta abhinīharati abhininnāmeti(心傾注宿住隨念智)sattāna cutūpapāta-ñāṇāya citta abhinīharati abhininnāmeti(心傾注有情死生智)

Abhinimanteti (abhi超勝+nimanteti邀請), 盛情邀約。

Abhinimmina, 全面創造。

Abhinimmināti (abhi全面+nimmināti創造),全面創造。【過abhinimmita

Abhinipajjati (abhi全面+ni+pad+ya), 臥在。abhinipajji,【過】。abhinipanna,【過】。

Abhinipatati (abhi全面+ni+pat落下+a), 跌倒,闖。abhinipati,【過】。

Abhinipāta,【陽】abhinipātana,【中】跌落,闖,攻擊,敲擊abhinipātī,【形】落下。

Abhinippīḷeti (abhi全面+ni+pīḷ虐待+e), 壓迫,騷擾

Abhinipphajjati (abhi全面+ni+pad+ya), 實現,完成。abhinipphajji,【過】。abhinipphanna,【過】。

Abhinipphatti,【陰】産品,成就。

Abhinipphādita, (Abhinipphādeti的【過), 已生産,已完成。

Abhinipphādeti (abhi全面+ni+pad+e), 生産,呈現。abhinipphādesi,【過】。

Abhinibbatta (abhinibbattati 的【過), 已繁殖,已再生。

Abhinibbatti(abhi全面+nibbatti生出),【陰】abhinibbattana,【中】生成,轉

Abhinibbatteti (abhi全面+ni+vat+e), 生産,呈現。abhinibbattesi,【過】。

Abhinibbidā,【陰】厭世。

Abhinibbuta,【形】完全地平靜的,寂靜。

Abhinimmita, (Abhinimmiṇāti的【過】創造,生産,製造。

Abhinimmiṇāti (abhi全面+ni+mā測量+ṇā), 創造,生産,製造。abhinimmii,【過】。

Abhiniropana,【中】固定在,應用,運用,施用。

Abhiniropeti (abhi全面+ni向下+rup栽種+e), 注入,灌輸,諄諄勸導。abhiniropesi,【過】。abhiniropita,【過】。

Abhinivajjeti (abhi全面+ni向下+vajjeti使被避免),全面避免。【獨】abhinivajjetvā

Abhiniviṭṭha (Abhinivisati的【過), 已附著,已執著。

Abhinivisati (abhi全面+ni+vis(viś)進入+a), 執著,黏附著。abhinivisi,【過】。

Abhinivesa (abhi全面+nivesa安頓)(abhiniveśa),【陽】傾向,取,取著,執,執著,執持,妄執,愛著,深固。‘sabbe dhammā nāla abhinivesāyā’ti.(一切法實不值於貪著)(S.35.80./IV,50.M.37./I,251.A.7.58./IV. p.88)

abhiniveseti (abhi全面+niveseti安頓), 全面安頓,傾向。【3.祈】abhiniveseyya

Abhinisīdati (abhi全面+ni+sad+a), 坐近,入坐,對準入坐abhinisīdi,【過】。abhinisinna,【過】。

Abhinissaa, (abhinissarati 的【過), 已逃脫,已移走。

Abhinīta (abhineti 的【過), 已帶來。

Abhinīla﹐【梵】紺靑。

Abhinīta ( [abhi全面+neti引導] 的【過),【過】全面引導。

Abhinīhaa, (Abhinīharati的【過), 已取出。

Abhinīharati (abhi全面+ni+har運、拿+a), 全面運出,取出,指向,熱望。abhinīhari,【過】。

Abhinīhāra,【陽】帶動,取出,熱望,決議。DhsA.(PTS:648) 647.abhinīhārapaccupaṭṭhānā(﹝風大﹞以’(由內往外)為現起)

Abhipatthita, (Abhipattheti的【過】極度渴望,極度希望na kāme abhipatthaya (不再希求諸慾)

Abhipattheti (abhi超勝+path+e), 極度渴望極度希望。abhipatthesi,【過】。

Abhipāleti (abhi超勝+pāl保護+e),極度保護,極度保持,極度保存。abhipālesi,【過】。abhipālita,【過】。

Abhipīḷeti (abhi超勝+pīḷ虐待+e), 極度壓迫,極度擠榨。abhipīḷesi,【過】。abhipīḷita,【過】。

Abhipūrati (abhi超勝+pūr(p / pṛṇ/ pūr)充滿+a), 極度充滿。abhipūri,【過】。abhipūrita,【過】。

Abhippakiṇṇa (abhippakirati 的【過), 已極度撒滿。

abhippakirati, 撒滿。
abhippamodati (abhi
全面+pamodati徹底欣喜),全面徹底欣喜。
abhippamodayati (abhippamodati
的【使】),使全面徹底欣喜。
abhippasanna (abhi
超勝+pasanna明淨【過),【過】全面明淨。

Abhippamodati (abhi超勝+pa+mud+a), 極歡喜,極滿意。abhippamodi,【過】。abhippamodita,【過】。

Abhippasanna (abhippasīdati 的【過),已極有信心,已極獻身,已極投入於。

Abhippasāda,【陽】極有信心,極熱愛,極投入。

Abhippasāreti (abhi全面+pa+sar(s)動轉+e), 伸展。abhippasāresi,【過】。

Abhippasīdati (abhi超勝+pa+sad+a), 有信心,投入於。abhippasīdi,【過】。

Abhibhavati (abhi全面+bhū 變成+a), 全面克服,全面征服。abhibhavi,【過】。【獨】abhibhuyya,【過abhibhūta

Abhibhavana,【中】全面克服,打敗。

Abhibhavanīya,【形】應該全面克服的。

Abhibhāyatana (abhibhū+āyatana)﹐【中】勝處。

Abhibhū (<abhi全面+bhū變成),【陽】1.征服者,大君主。2.阿毘浮(=無想天asaññabhava)cp.(abhibhavati) 【中】【形】勝。

Abhibhūta (abhibhavati 的【過), 已擊敗,已打敗。

Abhimagala,【形】幸運的,吉兆的。

Abhimata (abhimaññati 的【過), 已想要,已願望。

Abhimatthati,  abhimantheti, 劈。

Abhimaddati (abhi全面+madd壓破+a), 壓破,服從。abhimaddi,【過】。abhimaddita,【過】。

Abhimaddana,【中】打破,征服。

Abhimanthati (abhi全面+manth攪拌+a), abhimantheti (abhi全面+manth攪拌+e), 壓破,攪拌,搖動,煽動,激動。abhimanthi, abhimanthesi,【過】。abhimanthita, abhimathita,【過】。

Abhimāna,【陽】自尊。

Abhimukha (abhi超勝+mukha),【形】面對的,當面的,面對面的,【陽】前面,向,對,現,現前,了abhimukha,【副】向。

Abhiyācati (abhi超勝+yāc+a), 非常請求,非常乞求,非常懇求。abhiyāci,【過】。

Abhiyācana,【中】abhiyācanā,【陰】請求,要求,懇求。

Abhiyācita (abhi全面yācati 的【過), 已被請求。

Abhiyāti (abhi全面+yā+a), 反對,違反,攻打abhiyāyi,【過】。abhiyāta,【過】。

Abhiyuñhati (abhi全面+yuj連接+-a), 修行,控訴,詢問。abhiyuñji,【過】。abhiyutta,【過】。

Abhiyuñjana,【中】審判,修行,遵守。

Abhiyoga,【陽】遵守,修學,修行,修集,加行,相應,勤修,勤修學。

Abhiyogī,【陽】觀察者,修行者。

Abhirakkhati (abhi全面+rakkh保護+a), 全面保護。abhirakkhi,【過】。

Abhirakkhana,【中】abhirakkhā,【陰】全面保護。

Abhirata (abhiramati 的【過), 已喜歡,已沉迷,已愛好,愛著,極生愛樂,樂,深生喜樂

Abhirati(< abhi + ram),【陰】高興,滿意。

Abhiraddha,【過】已滿意,已勸解。

Abhiraddhi,【陰】滿足。

Abhiramati (abhi全面+ram(ram)喜樂+a), 全然喜樂,享受,尋歡。【過】abhirami【過abhirata

Abhirati (abhi全面+rati喜樂),【陰】全然喜樂。

Abhiramana,【中】享樂,運動。

Abhiramāpeti (abhi全面+ ram喜樂+āpe), 使全然喜樂,使尋歡。abhiramāpesi,【過】。

Abhirāma,【形】愉快的,合意的。

Abhiruci,【陰】希望,渴望。

Abhirucita,【過】已願望,已喜歡,已愉快。

Abhirucira,【形】多令人喜愛的,非常美麗的。

Abhiruyha, (abhiruhati 的【獨】), 登上了。

Abhirūpa (abhi超勝+rūpa形色),【形】形色端嚴SnA.v.410./II,383.Abhirūpoti dassanīyagapaccago.(形色端嚴︰肢體勻稱,眾所樂見。)

Abhiruhati, abhirūhati (abhi超勝+ruh上升﹑生長+a), 登上,上去。abhiruhi,【過】。abhirūhitvā,【獨】。

Abhirūhana,【中】上升,攀登。

Abhirūḷha (abhiruhati 的【過), 已登上,已升起。

Abhiroceti (abhi超勝+ruc發光+e), 喜歡,尋高興。

Abhilakkhita (Abhilakkheti的【過), 已作記號。

Abhilakkheti (abhi全面+lakkh標記+e), 標記,設計。abhilakkhesi,【過】。

Abhilāpa,【陽】演講,講話。

Abhilāsā,【陰】希望,欲望。

Abhilepana (abhi全面+lepana塗染),【中】全面塗染。

Abhivaṭṭa, abhivaṭṭha (abhivassati 全面下雨的【過) 已下雨。

Abhivaḍḍhati (abhi全面+vaḍḍh增長+a), 生長,增加,長得大過。abhivaḍḍhi,【過】。abhivaḍḍhita,【過】。

Abhivaḍḍhana,【中】abhivaḍḍhi,【陰】生長,增加。

Abhivaṇṇita, (Abhivaṇṇeti的【過)稱讚,詳細,解析。

Abhivaṇṇeti (abhi超勝+vaṇṇ稱讚+e), 稱讚,詳細,解析。abhivaṇṇesi,【過】。

Abhivadati (abhi全面+vad+a), 宣佈(to speak out, declare, promise),歡迎(to welcome)。【使】abhivādeti

Abhivandati (abhi超勝+vand彎腰+a), 行禮,敬禮(to salute respectfully, to honour, greet)abhivandi,【過】。abhivandita,【過】。

Abhivandiya (abhivandati的【獨】), 彎了腰,鞠了躬。

Abhivassati (abhi全面+vass下雨+a), 全面下雨。【過abhivaṭṭa, abhivuṭṭhaabhivassi,【過】。

Abhivādana,【中】abhivādanā,【陰】致敬,行禮。《法句經》Dh.v.109Abhivādanasīlissa nicca vuḍḍhāpacāyino cattāro dhammā vaḍḍhanti: āyu, vaṇṇo, sukha, bala.(好樂敬禮者,常尊於長老,四法得增長:壽..樂與力。)傳比丘受人禮拜時,常念誦的法句。法句中壽...力,指長壽、莊嚴、安樂、力量。《摩奴法典》(manu-smti)Ch.1.121︰「養成尊敬的習慣和常尊敬長者,它們壽命、學問、名譽和力量,四樣一定會增長。」

Abhivādeti (abhi超勝+vad+e﹐直譯:全面說)( caus.of abhivadati),行禮(to salute, greet, welcome, honour);日譯作:挨拶aisatzuabhivādesi,【過】。abhivādita,【過】。abhivādetvā,【獨】。(abhivādayi aor.= abhivādana kāresi vandi VvA 24); Often in combn with padakkhia karoti in sense of to bid goodbye, to say adieu, farewell, -- Caus.II.abhivādāpeti to cause some one to salute, to make welcome Vin II.208 (°etabba).

Abhivādetabba,【祈】值得禮拜,值得致敬。

Abhivāyati (abhi全面+vā+a), 吹過。abhivāyi,【過】。

Abhivijināti (abhi全面+vi+ji+nā), 征服。abhivijini,【過】。abhivijita,【過】。abhivijiya,【獨】。

Abhivitaraa,【中】捐贈物。

Abhivisiṭṭha,【形】最優良的。

Abhivuṭṭha, 已下雨。參考 abhivaṭṭha已下雨

Abhivuddhi, (參考 abhivaḍḍhi生長) 生長

Abhisakhata (abhisakharoti 的【過), 已準備,已安排,已回復。

Abhisakharana,【中】恢復,安排。

Abhisakharoti (abhi全面+sa一起+kar+o), 現行,回復,安排,準備。abhisakhari,【過】。

Abhisakhāra,【陽】積聚,準備。

Abhisakhipati(abhi + sakhipati) , 丟在一起,堆積(to throw together, heap together, concentrate.

Abhisaga,【陽】黏著,忠於,堅持。

Abhisagī﹐【形】頑固的人。

Abhisajjati (abhi全面+sajjati執著), 遷怒(直譯:全面執著),附上,縛上。abhisajji,【過】。【3.祈】abhisaje

Abhisajjana,【中】黏著,忿怒。

Abhisañcetayita,【中】想出,有意的。

Abhisañceteti (abhi全面+sa+cit+e), 想出(to bring, to consciousness, think out, devise, plan)abhisañcesi,【過】。abhisañcetayita, 【過】。

Abhi-saññā-nirodha, The prefix abhi qualifies, not saññā, but the whole compound, which means “trance” . It is an expression used, not by Buddhists, but by certain wanderers. See saññā-vedayita-nirodha.

Abhisaññūhati (abhi + saññūhati),堆積,集中( to heap up, concentrate)cp. abhisakhipati.

Abhisaa (abhisarati 的【過), 已拜訪,已接近。

Abhisatta (abhisapati 的【過), 已被咒,已可憎。

Abhisaddahati (abhi全面+sa+dah放置+a), 相信。abhisaddahi,【過】。

Abhisanda(abhi + sanda(流程)of syad, cp. BSk. abhisyanda),【陽】流出,結果,等流()(outflow, overflow, yield, issue, result)kamm’ābhisanda﹐業果。cattāro puññâbhisandā kusalâbhisandā,四種福等流即是善等流

Abhisandana,【中】流動的,成果,結果。

Abhisandati (abhi全面+sand(syad)+a), 流出,滲出。abhisandi,【過】。

Abhisandahati (abhi全面+sa+dah放置+a), 連接,集合。abhisandahi,【過】。

Abhisandeti ( abhi全面+sandati流動), 的【使】),使全面流動。

Abhisanna ([abhisandati全面流動] 的【過),【過】全面流動。

Abhisapati (abhi全面+sap服務+a), 詛咒,宣誓,發誓。

Abhisapana,【中】宣誓,詛咒。

Abhisamāgacchati(abhi + sam + āgacchati), (cp. in meaning adhigacchati) 完全了解,完全掌握(to come to (understand) completely, to grasp fully, to master)abhisamāgantvā(=abhisamecca), ger.

Abhisamaya (abhi全面+sama平息+ya (抽象名詞)) (<i),【陽】1.( abhi-samaya)領會,洞察,現觀,得,悟,證,通達。《無礙解道》(Ps.p.217CS:p.394)說,在四道四果之剎那間,以入於不死涅槃的盡頭之義是現觀’(amatogadha nibbāna pariyosānaṭṭhena abhisamayo.)2.abhi-śam= abhisama-ya止息,mānābhisamaya﹐慢止息。SA.8.4./I,272.Mānābhisamayāti mānassa dassanābhisamayā ceva pahānābhisamayā ca.(慢止息(慢無間等):見到慢止息和斷慢止息。)

Abhisambujjhati (abhi全面+sambujjhati完全覺),全面完全覺,成佛,成等正覺,最正覺,現等正覺,現等覺。【3..過】abhisambujjhisu。【過abhisambuddha(音譯:阿毘三佛陀)。【現abhisambudhāna

Abhisamācārika,【形】好行爲的。

Abhisamecca (abhisameti 的【獨】), 徹底地瞭解。

Abhisameta, abhisamita (abhisameti 的【過), 已完全地領會。

Abhisametāvī,【形】有完成洞察力的人。

Abhisameti (abhi全面+sameti), 徹底地瞭解,徹底地領會(to come by, to attain, to realise, grasp, understand)abhisamesi,【過】。【獨】abhisamecca(=abhisamāgantvā)

Abhisamparāya (abhi全面+samparāya來世),【陽】未來世,彼界,下一世。

Abhisambujjhati (abhi全面+sa+budh+ya), 全然覺悟,全面完全覺悟。abhisambujjhi,【過】。

Abhisambuddha ( [abhisambujjhati] 【過), 全然覺悟,全面完全覺悟。DA.14./II,416.Abhisambuddhoti sakala Buddhaguavibhavasiri paivijjhamāno cattāri saccāni abhisambuddho.(全然覺悟(全面完全覺悟)︰全部的佛德的光彩壯麗,已貫通四聖諦的全面完全覺悟。)

Abhisambodhi,【陰】全然覺悟,全面完全覺悟。

Abhisambhava(<abhisambhavati), 只作durabhisambhava,難克服,難達到(hard to overcome or get over, hard to obtain or reach, troublesome)

Abhisambhunāti (abhi全面+sambh+uṇā), 能幹,達到。abhisambhuni,【過】。

Abhisammati (abhi全面+sam(śam 1./ śim)使平靜+ya), 停止,使平靜。abhisammi,【過】。

Abhisallekhika (abhi全面+sallekha削減+ika (形容詞化)),【形】全面削減。

Abhisāpa,【陽】詛咒。

Abhisārikā,【陰】妓女(ki li2,趁食than3 ciah8 ca boo2,間仔查某king a2 ca boo2)

Abhisāriyā(Sk.abhisārikā, <abhi+s),【陰】女人去會見她的情人。

Abhisiñcati (abhi全面+siñcati傾注), 灌頂,用作祭祀,獻給,使神聖。abhisiñci,【過】。【過abhisittaSA.22.1./II,251.Amatena abhisittoti nassidha añña kiñci jhāna vā vipassanā vā maggo vā phala vā “amatābhiseko”ti daṭṭhabbo,  madhuradhammadesanāyeva pana “amatābhiseko”ti veditabbo.(以甘露灌頂:任何禪那或毘婆舍那或道或果稱為甘露灌頂,此為可以被見到的;而甘露法的說教,可以被知道的。)

Abhisitta,  [abhisiñcati] 【過】,灑,用作祭祀

Abhiseka,【陽】abhisiñcana, abhisecana, 灌頂。【中】供獻,齋戒沐浴,洗禮,灑淨。

Abhiseceti, (abhisiñcati 的【使】) 灑,用作祭祀

Abhihaa, (abhiharati 的【過)

Abhihaṭṭhu (= abhihanti, ger. of abhiharati) 【獨】要去帶近來(Only in praise abhihaṭṭhu pavāreti, to offer having fetched up)

Abhihata, Abhihanati的【過襲擊,碰撞

Abhihanati (abhi全面+han+a), 襲擊,碰撞。abhihani,【過】。

Abhiharati (abhi全面+har+a), 帶來,提供。abhihari,【過】。abhihareyya, 【祈】。abhiharitabba(=upanetabba, D.17.-12/II,258.),【義】。

Abhihāra,【陽】取近,提供。

Abhihāreti (abhiharati拿來的【使】)﹐令人拿來。【3.過】abhihārayi

Abhihita (abhidhāti 的【過), 已講。【中】字,詞,話。

Abhīta, abhīru, abhīruka,【形】大膽的,勇敢的。

Abhūta,【形】不真的,錯誤的。【中】謊言;愚者,說謊者(直譯︰非生物;或解作︰不成材)abhūtakkhāna,【中】一則謊言。abhūtavādī,【陽】說謊者。

abhūtavādin (abhūta虛偽【過+vādin說【形】),【形】說謊的。

Abhejja(grd. of a + bhid, cp. Sk. abhedya),【形】不可分散的,不可分開的(not to be split or divided)abhejjapasāda﹐不壞淨不可破壞的堅信佛、法、僧及聖戒。又名avecca-pasāda(不消失的淨信)

Abhojja,【形】不適宜吃的。

Amacca,【陽】1.智囊團,樞密院官員。2.同事,隨從()mittamacca,【陽】朋友與同事。

Amajja,【中】不陶醉的。amajjapa,【形】不喝酒的人,戒酒。

Amagga (a+magga),【陽】非道。

Amakubhūta ( a+makubhūta變成不安【過),【過】未變成不安。

Amata1 (a+mata mar(m)死【過】;梵amta ),【中】無死。amatandada,【形】帶來不死境。amatapada,【中】達到無死。amatamagga,【陽】導致不死之道。amatadvāra(=amatassa dvāra),不死之門(進入涅槃之門;S.12.27.28334950)S.45.7./V,8.“Yo kho, bhikkhu, rāgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo--ida vuccati amata. (比丘!凡是滅盡染、滅盡瞋、滅盡癡者,這被叫做無死)SA.8.5./I,275.Amatāti sādhubhāvena amatasadisā.Vuttampi heta--“sacca have sādutara rasānan”ti nibbānāmatapaccayattā vā amatā.(無死變成妥善,等於無死。即所說的這個:真實最上諸味,或涅槃無死的緣性為無死) SA.43.12-33/III,112.Maraṇābhāvena amata.(死亡的不存在,為無死)KhA.180.(on Sn.v.225.)Yasmā panassa na uppādo paññāyati, na vayo, na hitassa aññathatta tasmā ta na jāyati na jīyati na mīyatīti katvā amatanti vuccati.(因為生不出現,不滅,不住於變動;所以,不生、、不死,建立之後,被稱為無死)

  DhA.vv.21-23./CS:pg.1.103.Amatapadanti amata vuccati nibbāna.(不死的路:「不死」被叫做「涅槃」。)

S.12.50./II,80.“Yato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako eva lokassa samudayañca atthagamañca yathābhūta pajānāti, aya vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako diṭṭhisampanno itipi, dassanasampanno itipi, āgato ima saddhamma itipi, passati ima saddhamma itipi, sekkhena ñāṇena samannāgato itipi sekkhāya vijjāya samannāgato itipi, dhammasota samāpanno itipi, ariyo nibbedhikapañño itipi, amatadvāra āhacca tiṭṭhati itipī”ti.(諸比丘!聖弟子如是如實知此世間之集與滅。諸比丘!對此,聖弟子可謂具足()(diṭṭhisampanno= maggadiṭṭhiyā道之見)、具足觀(意義同前)、達到正法、見到正法、具足學智、具足學明、具足法流、(具足)聖抉擇慧,立於無死之門。)

  amatadvāra﹐甘露門、無死門(「四無量心與初、二、三、四禪,加上四無色定,合稱為:十二甘露門。」《中阿含217經》卷六十(T1.802.2-3)《中部》52經,Aṭṭhakanāgarasuttaṁ(八城經)說十一甘露門(ekādasa amatadvārāni),沒有說非想非非想)

Amata2,【形】諸的食物,甘露(The drink of the gods, ambrosia, water of immortality)cp. BSk. amta-vara “rain of Ambrosia(甘露雨)” Jtm 221.

Amatā,【陰】餘甘子(東印度的一種喬木 (Phyllantus emblica) 與其它的訶子一起用於鞣革)爲灌木,高1-3。細短枝條上互生線狀橢圓形小葉,宛如羽狀複葉。花簇生葉腋;花後結蒴果,外果皮肉質可食。它是「三果粉」(Triphala churna)的三種成份之一。

Amatta,【形】不陶醉的。【中】小的土製容器。

Amattaññutā (amattaññu不知適量+tā狀態),【陰】不知適量的狀態。

Amattaññū,【形】不知適量的,過度的。amattaññutā,【陰】無節制。

Amatteyya,【形】不敬母親。amattayyatā,【陰】對母親的不

Amanasikāra (a+manasikāra作意),【陽】無作意。

Amanāpa (a+manāpa中意),【形】不中意(manāpa中意的【反義字】)

Amanussa,【陽】1.非人,妖怪,鬼,2.神。

Amama,【形】不自私的,無渴望的。

Amara,【形】不朽的,不死的。【陽】神。Vbh.356.#887. Tattha katamo amaravitakko?  Dukkarakāritāpaisayutto vā diṭṭhigatapaisayutto vā gehasito takko vitakko micchāsakappo-- aya vuccati “amaravitakko”.(什麼叫做不死尋 使做難做的相關,或邪見相關的事,進行與居家生活有關聯的12尋思、3邪思惟,這稱為不死)

Amarā,【陰】鰻魚。amarāvikkhepa,【陽】鰻之蠕動。

Amala,【形】純粹的,無瑕疵的,無過失的。

Amahaggata (a+maha+gata至【過),【過】未大至。

Amātāpitika,【形】無父母的,孤兒。

Amānusa, amānusika,【形】非人。

Amāmaka, 不自私的,無渴望的。參考 Amama

Amāvasin,【陰】新月第一天(農曆初一或十六日)

Amāya (a+māya),【形】無誑的。

Amāyāvī (a+māya),【形】無誑的。

Amita,【形】無窮的,無量的。amitābha,【形】無量的光

Amitta (a+mitta),【陽】非友、敵人。

Amilāta,【形】非凋敗了的,不枯萎的,不乾癟的。

Amilātā,【陰】藥草,蘆薈(一種主要産於的非洲〔蘆薈屬植物〕(Aloe vulgaris),有肉質多漿的蓮座叢,通常葉的邊緣帶刺並有黃、桔黃或紅色管形花的長莖)

Amissa,【形】未混雜他物的。

Amu,【代】某某,那ㄋㄚˋ【陽..主】。【陽】:單..asuamu;複..amūamuyo;單..amu;複..amūamuyo;單..amunā;複..amūhiamūbhi;單..amusmāamusmhā;複..amūhiamūbhi;單..﹑屬.Amussaadussa;複..﹑屬.amūsaamūsāna;單..amusmiamumhi;複..amūsu【陰】:單..asu;複..amūamuyo;單..amu;複..amūamuyo;單..﹑離.amuyā;複..﹑離.amūhiamūbhi;單..﹑屬.amuyā;複..﹑屬.amūsaamūsāna;單..amuyaamūssa;複..amūsu【中】:單..aduamu;複..amūniamū;單..aduamu;複..amūniamū

Amuka (amu那【陽..主】+ka (形容詞化)),【形】那ㄋㄚˋ【陽..主】。

Amucchita,【形】不昏頭昏腦的,不入迷的,不貪婪的。

Amutta,【形】未釋放的,無自由的。

Amutra,【副】某個地方,在那ㄋㄚˋ裡。

Amusmi (<asu), ㄋㄚˋ【陽...處】。

amu,【陽】【陰】那ㄋㄚˋ

amūsa,【陽】【中】那ㄋㄚˋ些。

amogha,【形】非空的,非無用的。

amoha,【陽】智慧。

amba,【陽】芒果樹(一種原産印度的常綠喬木 (Mangifer indica),葉革質,互生,花小,黃色或淡紅色,成頂生的圓錐花序,産芒果和劣質淡灰色木材)。【中】芒果(台語:檨子suainn a2)ambakura,【陽】芒果芽。ambapakka,【中】熟芒果。ambapāna, 芒果糖漿。ambapiṇḍī,【陰】一芒果。ambavana,【中】ambasaṇḍa,【陽】芒果園。ambalaṭṭhikā,【陰】芒果幼苗園。

Ambagāma (amba芒果樹+gāma),【陽】芒果樹村(地名)

Ambakā,【陰】婦人(他譯:芒果女)

ambara,【中】1.布料。2.天空。

ambalaṭṭhikā,【陰】芒果樹苖圃。

Ambapālivana (Ambapālī菴婆波利+vana1),【中】菴婆波利林(地名)

Ambapālī,【陰】菴婆波利(人名)

Ambavana (amba芒果樹+vana1),【中】芒果樹林。

ambā,【陰】母親。

ambāṭaka, (the hog-plum or ambarella, Spondias Mangifera), 豬李( Vin.II,17 (ambāṭakavana); DA.I,271 (ambāṭakarukkha))

ambila(Sk. amla),【形】酸的(sour, acidone of the 6 rasas or tastes, viz. a., lavaa, tittaka, kauka, kasāya, madhura (see under rasa))。【陽】酸味,酸。

Ambu,【中】水。ambucārin,【陽】魚(“living in the water”, a fish)ambuja(ambu + ja of jan),【形】【陽】【中】水生動物。【中】睡蓮(a lotus Sn.845 (= paduma Nd1 202))。【陽】魚。ambuda, ambudhara,【陽】雲。ambusevāla,【陰】水生植物(a water-plant)Cp. ambha.

Ambujinī,【陰】蓮花池塘。

Ambho,【無】嘿!(叫人注意的呼詞)

Ambho, (<ha喂!+bho尊!),【歎】喂!尊!

Ammaa,【中】量穀粒的標準,大約有五蒲式耳(一蒲式耳容量等於八加侖)

Ammā(onomat. from child language; Sk. ambā),【陰】母親,老媽,奶奶。(呼格的‘amma ’時常用來向稱呼女孩或女兒)

Amha, (個人的【代】) 我,我們。

Amha, amhā, (Amhi的【複】), 我們是。

Amhā ,【陰】牛(a cow (?))

Amhāka, 我們【複...屬】。

Amhi, ’mhi, -omhi, (as 的【1.單】是), 我是。

ay﹐【字根I.】去(to go)

Aya1﹐【陽】【中】鐵。ayakapāla,【陽】鐵製的蓋子或平鍋。see Ayo.

Aya2(<i, go),【陽】1.收入(income, in aya-potthaka receipt book)2.入口(inlet (for water, aya-mukha))

Aya, (ima 的【主.單】)【陽】【陰】這個人(demonstr. pron. “this, he”)【陽】︰m.s.Nom. aya; m.s.Acc. ima; m.s.Gen.Dat. imassa & assa; m.s.Instr. iminā & (peculiarly or perhaps for amunā) aminā; m.s.Abl. asmā, imasmā, asmām.s.Loc. imasmi, imamhi, asmim.p.Nom. ime; m.p.Acc. ime(Sk. imān); m.p.Gen. imesa & esa (Sk. eṣāṁ) & esāna; m.p.Instr. imehi, imebhi; m.p.Loc. imesu(Sk. eu)【中】︰n.s.Nom. ida, ima.; n.s.Acc. ida, ima.n.p.Nom. imāni; n.p.Acc. imāni(其餘同陽性)【陰】︰f.s.Nom. aya (Sk. iya); f.s.Acc. ima(Sk. īmāṁ); f.s.Instr. Abl. imāya(Sk. anayā); f.s.Dat.Gen. imāya, imissā, assā(Sk. asyāḥ), assāya, imissā, imissāya ; f.s.Loc. imāya, imissā, assā(Sk. asyāḥ), imissā, imissāyaf.p.Nom. imā (Sk. imāḥ), imāyo; f.p.Acc. imā, imāyo; f.p.Instr.Abl. imāhi, imābhi; f.p.Dat.Gen. āsa (= etāsa C.), imāsa.; f.p.Loc. imāsu

Ayathā,【無】錯誤的。(出現在【合】例如 ayathābhāva = 非現實)

Ayana(<eti<i (i)), 【陽】【中】路徑。ekāyano maggo, 一條道路。

Ayasa,【陽】【中】壞名望,恥辱。

Ayira, 參考 ayya(紳士,統治者,主人,貴族)

Ayiraka,陽】祖父。參考 ayyaka(祖父)

Ayutta,【形】不適當的。【中】不公平。nāyutta, 並非如此。

Ayo, (【合】中 aya 變成 ayo) ayokūṭa,【陽】鐵槌。ayokhīla,【中】鐵柱,鐵樁。ayogua,【陽】鐵球。ayoghana,【中】鐵棒。ayomaya,【形】鐵製的。ayoyāna,【新巴】火車。ayosaku,【陽】長鐵釘。Dhp.v.308.Seyyo ayoguo bhutto, tattho aggisikhūpamo, yañ ce bhuñjeyya dussīlo, raṭṭhapiṇḍamasaññato.(以其犯戒、無抑制,而食於國內行乞之糰食,不如食似火焰之鐵丸。)《中阿含14經》羅云經:「寧噉鐵丸,其熱如火;不以犯戒,受世信施。」(T1.436.3)

Ayogga,【形】不適當的,不適合的。

Ayojjha,【形】克服不了的。

Ayoniso,【副】不從根源地,欠思考地。cf. yoniso(從根源地)

Ayya(sk. arya, ārya), 【陽】【三】【形】紳士,統治者,主人,貴族(gentleman, sire, lord, master J.III.167 = PvA.65; DhA.I,8 (ayyā pl. the worthy gentlemen, the worthies))。【形】值得尊敬的(worthy, gentlemanly, honourable)。【單.呼】ayya, ayyo。【複.主】ayyā, ayyo。【主.單】ayyo(for all genders & numbers)ayyaputta,【陽】主人的兒子(lit. son of an Ariyan, i. e. an aristocratic (young) man gentleman (cp. in meaning kulaputta); thus (a) son of my master (lit.) said by a servant (b) lord, master, “governor”(by a servant); = sāmi, opp. dāsi-putta; by a wife to her husband; (c) prince)

Ayyaka,【陽】祖父。

Ayyakā, ayyikā,【陰】祖母。

Ayyā,【陰】1.女主人、淑女、大姐(lady, mistress)2.母后(mother of a prince; M II.96, DhA I.398)s.Gen. ayyāyaayye,【陰..呼】大姐、姐姐、姊姊(my lady;相對於bhante)。【陰..呼】ayyā,ayyāyo, ayye(cf. Sadd. 105, 652)

Ara(Vedic ara fr. , ṛṇoti),【中】輪之輻(spoke of a wheel)ārakattā,【形】輻的狀態。

Arakkhiya,【形】不被防護著的。

Araja,【形】無灰塵的,無雜質的。

Arañjara,【陽】大廣口瓶,陶罐,藥罐。

Arañña(Vedic araya; from araa(遠離的、偏僻的),+ya抽象名詞),【中】曠野,林野,森林(forest不精確)( wilderness, open field, the great outdoors);音譯:阿蘭若、阿練若。泰語︰pa(第三聲)aranVin.III,46.(cf. Vism.72.)Pārā.III,46.Araññanāma hapetvā gāmañca gāmūpacārañca avasesa arañña nāma.(曠野:村及村的邊界之外,剩下者名叫曠野) Vibh.(p.251.)Araññan”ti nikkhamitvā bahi indakhīlā sabbameta araññaṁ(阿蘭若︰離開帝柱之外,一切都為阿蘭若)Samantapāsādikā(p.301.)āraññaka nāma senāsana pañcadhanusatika pacchiman”ti.(五百弓(一弓約四肘長)之外的坐臥處,名為阿蘭若) araññaka,【形】曠野的,森林的,生活在森林的。araññagata,【形】到森林去。araññavāsa,【陽】在曠野的居所。araññavihāra,【陽】獨住曠野。araññāyatana,【中】曠野處。--āyatana a forest haunt Vin II.201; S II.269; J I.173; VvA 301; PvA 54, 78, 141.--kuikā a hut in the forest, a forest lodge.

Araññaka, & Āraññāka, (arañña + ka)【形】屬於獨處、喜愛獨處、隱居者(belonging to solitude or to the forest, living in the forest, fond of solitude, living as hermits (bhikkhū) )See also āraññaka

Araññānī,【陰】大的森林。

Araa1(Vedic araa)﹐【形】獨處(living in solitude),遠離群眾(far from the madding crowd)

Araa2(a+raa),【形】和平的(quietude, peace)

AraiAraṇī(Vedic araṇī & arai fr. ),【陰】取火的鑽木。araimathana,【中】摩擦鑽木取火。araisahita,【中】上面的鑽木。

Arati1,【陰】趣向,到達(goes (towards)reaches)araṇīya,【未被】被尊敬的被靠近被得到(to be honoredto be approachedto be attained)

Arati2(a + rati),【陰】厭惡,不滿足(dislike, discontent, aversion ) (= ukkaṇṭhitatta 已不滿的狀態,已煩躁的狀態,DhA IV.225)SA.8.2./I,269.Aratiñca ratiñcāti sāsane arati kāmaguesu ca rati.(不樂與樂:於教法不樂,於()欲類快樂。) 《瑜伽師地論》卷第八十九(T30.803.1)︰「非處思慕說名不樂。」

Aravinda,【中】睡蓮(a lotus, Nymphaea Nelumbo)

arah﹐【字根I.】有價值(to be worthy)

Araha, Araha-(Vedic arha of arh),【形】值得的,應得的(worthy of, deserving, entitled to, worth Dh.195 (pūjāraha); Pv.II,86 (dakkhiṇāraha); VvA.23 (daṇḍaraha deserving punishment). mahāraha(Sk. mahârgha), 非常值得的(worth much, of great value, costly, dear)2.適合的,適當的(fit for, apt for, suitable)arahaddhaja,【陽】出家人的黃色袈裟。

Araha( arhat)﹐【中】(主格)阿羅漢,又作阿羅訶,略稱羅漢。意譯應、應供(值得供養者)、應真、殺賊、無學(asekha)、真人(sappurisa)bhagavā araha sammāsambuddho(世尊阿羅漢正等正覺者)北傳有六種阿羅漢」及「九種阿羅漢」之說不見於上座部佛教,其中如「退法(阿羅漢)(parihāna-dhamma),遇惡緣便退失阿羅漢果之說不能成立,依巴利阿毘達摩所說,在「阿羅漢道心」(見道位),永斷五上分結,已斷的五下分結與五上分結,永不再捲土重來S.22.76./III,83.Yāvatā, bhikkhave, sattāvāsā, yāvatā bhavagga, ete aggā, ete seṭṭhā lokasmi yadida arahanto”ti.(諸比丘!乃至於有情居,乃至有頂(),在世間這是最高(的生物)、這是最勝(的生物),即是阿羅漢。) SA.3.24./I,165.arahattamaggeneva thinamiddha, tathā uddhacca, tatiyeneva kukkucca.(阿羅漢斷惛沉、睡眠、掉舉、惡作(懊悔))A.6.66./III,421“Cha, bhikkhave, dhamme appahāya abhabbo arahatta sacchikātu. Katame cha? Thina, middha, uddhacca, kukkucca, assaddhiya, pamāda-(諸比丘!若不斷六法,則不能證阿羅漢果。什麼是六呢?即:1惛忱、2睡眠、3掉舉、4惡作、4不信、6放逸。)

Arahant (Vedic arhant, ppr.of arhati (see arahati), meaning deserving, worthy),【形】【中】阿羅漢(在佛教中證得最高的境界)Nom.sg.araha; see also formula C.under II., & arahā ; Gen.arahato; Instr. arahatā; Acc.arahanta; Loc.arahantamhi.; Nom.pl.arahanto; Gen.arahata. arahantaghāta, 殺阿羅漢(the killing or murder of an Arahant)arahantaghātaka, 阿羅漢殺手arahantamagga, 阿羅漢道。

Arahati (arah值得+a), 值得,該得到(to be worthy of, to deserve, to merit)ppr. arahant(q.v.), 阿羅漢。cp. also adj. araha.

Arahatta (abstr. formation fr. arahat),【中】阿羅漢的境界(the state or condition of an Arahant)arahattaphala,【中】阿羅漢聖果位。arahattamagga,【陽】阿羅漢的道向。

Arahanta,【陽】阿羅漢。

Arahā(主格)阿羅漢。

Ari,【陽】敵人。

Arindama(ari+n+dama),【三】敵人的馴服者,征服者。

Ariñcamāna,【形】不放棄的,認真地追求的。

Ariṭṭha1 (Sk. ariṣṭa),【陽】【中】高湯、熬煮的湯(decoction)

Ariṭṭha2,【陽】1.烏鴉(a crow)2.無患子樹(skt. ariṣṭasoap-berry tree黃目子樹)3.印楝樹(nimba tree)

Ariṭṭha3,【陽】1.奶油。2.接近死亡的訊息。3.好的或壞的訊息。

Aritta,【中】舵(rudder)。【形】不空的,非無用的。

Ariya(Vedic ārya, of uncertain etym. The other Pāli forms are ayira & ayya),【形】1.亞利安人(Aryan)2.神聖的,特異的,高貴的(noble, distinguished, of high birth)聖人,聖者,賢聖(sage)。【陽】聖人,達到較高智慧的人。ariyakanta,【形】符合聖者的。ariyadhana,【中】聖人的崇高寶物。ariyadhamma,【陽】聖法,聖修行。ariyapariyesanā﹐【陰】聖尋求(善知老病死,愁染法過患,希求彼寂滅)ariyapuggala,【陽】聖者,聖人,聖輩。ariyabhūmi,【陰】聖人的境界。ariyamagga(Āryamārga),【陽】聖道。ariyasacca,【中】聖諦。ariyasāvaka,【陽】聖弟子。ariyayūpavāda,【陽】侮辱聖人。cattāri ariyasaccāni, catunna ariyasaccāna, 【中】四聖諦。“Catunna bhikkhave, ariyasaccāna ananubodhā appaivedhā evamida dīghamaddhāna sandhāvita sasarita mamañceva tumhākañca.”(「諸比丘!因為不隨覺(anuboddhā不覺、不知)、不通達(appaivedhā不貫通、不明白)四聖諦,我跟你們長久以來,流轉於生死。」 (《長部》D.16./II,90122~123 cf. 《增支部》A.4.1./II,1.)

Ariya-atthagika-magga,【陽】聖八支道,八直定(T1.816.1),八正道(the eightfold path):正見(sammādiṭṭhi;梵samyag-dṛṣṭiright view),正思 (sammāsakappasamyak-sakalparight attitude),正語 (sammāvācaSamyag-vācright speech),正業(sammākammantasamyak-karmāntaright activity),正命(sammā-ājīvasamyag-ājīvaright livelihood),正精進 (sammāvāyāmaSamyag-vyāyāmaright effort),正念(sammāsatiSamyak-smtiright mindfulness),正定sammāsamādhiSamyak-samādhiright concentration)

Ariyamittakara﹐【陽】聖人。

Ariyasacca,【中】聖諦,確定的事實。S.56.11./V,423.“Yato ca kho me, bhikkhave, imesu catūsu ariyasaccesu eva tiparivaṭṭa dvādasākārayathābhūta ñāṇadassana suvisuddha ahosi,   athāha,  bhikkhave, sadevake  loke  samārake sabrahmake sassamaabrāhmaiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya ‘Anuttara sammāsambodhi abhisambuddho’ti paccaññāsi.(諸比丘!正因為我對此四聖諦如此的三轉十二行相(tri-parivarta-dvādaśākāra-dharma-cakra-pravartana)如實智見是徹底清淨。因此,諸比丘!我在包括諸天、魔、梵、沙門婆羅門眾、人眾、天人中,宣稱『無上正等覺、全面完全覺悟』。)

Arisa,【中】痔(hemorrhoids),痔瘡(piles)

Aru,【中】arukā,【陰】舊傷口,痛處。arukāya,【陽】許多痛處。arupakka,【形】腐爛的痛處。

Arua(Vedic arua (adj.)火的顏色),【陽】1.破曉(黎明,有日出前的微紅色光從東方水平線下射出,但是四方還是黑暗,無法清楚辨識四方景物)2.紅色(arua; reddish)。【形】略帶紅色的。aruavaṇṇa,【形】略帶紅色的顔色。arua uggacchati﹐日出。一般地說,日出時(時間05時至07)可稱旦、早、朝、晨,日入時稱夕、暮、晚。太陽正中時叫日中、正午、亭午,將近日中時叫隅中,偏西時叫昃、日昳。日入後(時間17時至19)是黃昏,黃昏後是人定,人定後是夜半(或叫夜分),夜半後是雞鳴,雞鳴後是昧旦、平明——這是天已亮的時間。古人一天兩餐,上餐在日出後隅中前,這段時間就叫食時或早食;晚餐在日昃後日入前,這段時間叫晡時。 

Aruauggamana,【中】明相(dawnrise天亮,台語:天光tinn kng,天色扑殕光(phah2 hu2 kng天濛濛亮))、魚肚白。依天文學上說,太陽在地平線以下6度的黎明時分(Civil Twilight民用曙暮光時刻),約等於「明相」出時,不必用人工照明可辨識景象、顏色等,此時空中一等星仍可見。每天明相出現的時間,依緯度、高度逐日略異。明相出現後,離「日出」(sunrise)還要還要24分鐘左右(22~27分鐘)。若是使用〈日出日沒表〉,「明相」依「日出」的時刻減24分鐘左右,入暮(看不見周遭景象)則依「日落」的時刻加24分鐘左右(台灣請見:中央氣象局(天文)http://www.cwb.gov.tw) 【反】oggamanna(日落)

Arūpa (a +rūpa),【形】無形的、無實體的、無色的(without form or body, incorporeal)arūpakāyika,【形】無色衆、無形的衆生(belonging to the group of formless beings)arūpabhava,【陽】無色生,無形的存在。arūpaloka,【陽】無色界,無形的世界。arūpāvacara,【形】無色界的(the realm or world of Formlessness)arūpavacarabhūmi﹐無色界地(包括:非想非非想處地 n’evasaññān’āsaññā-yatanabhūmi、無所有處地ākicaññāyatanabhūmi、識無邊處地viññāṇañcāyatanabhūmi、空無邊處地 ākāsānañcāyatanabhūmi)

Arūpī,【陽】無色界的衆生。

Are(cp.Sk.lalallā),【無】嘻!哈羅!喂!嘿!嗨!

Aroga,【形】健康的,無病痛的。arogabhāva,【陽】健康,無疾病。

Ala1(=aa),【陽】【中】1.螃蟹等的螯(the claw of a crab)2.指甲。

Ala2,【形】足夠。【反】anala﹐不夠(insufficient),不可能(impossible)

Alakka,【陽】患有狂犬病的狗。

Alakkhika,【形】不吉利的,不幸的。

Alakkhī,【陰】不幸,壞運氣。

Alagadda,【陽】蛇。

Alagga,【形】沒卡住的,無執著的。

Alaggana,【中】無執著。

Alakata (alakaroti 的【過),已裝飾。【形】整理的,束起的,包好的。0

Alakaraa,【中】1.裝飾。2.整理,包好。alakārakāraka, 裝飾品的製造者

Alakaroti (ala+kar+o), 裝飾。

Alakāra,【陽】1.裝飾,2.飾物。3.瓔珞(以玉編綴成串,掛在身上作裝飾)

Alajjī,【形】不知羞恥的,不害怕罪的。

Alattaka,【中】紫膠(lac)alattakata,【形】上了漆的,以紫膠粉飾的。

Alattha,  1.[labhati] 的【3.過】。2.【形】得。

Alameva (ala適當的+eva調強語氣), 適當的。

Alasa (a+lasa),【形】不作事的,懶惰的。alasatā,【陰】怠惰,懶惰。alasassa kuto sippa懶惰的人哪會有學問技能?(alasassa<alasa, a.m.Gen.sg.轉作名詞「懶惰者」,屬格配合be動詞(此處省略)可表達「擁有」。注意:所有之物(此處為sippam)要取主格)

Alasaka,【中】消化不良(indigestion)

Ala,【無】夠了!做完了!停止! 【形】能幹,適當的。alakammaniya,【形】適合的。alapateyyā,【陰】成熟的女人。alavacanīyā,【陰】1.聽懂他人說話的女人,2.不可勸誡的。alamattha【形】有用的(“quite the thing”, truly good, very profitable, useful (so read for alamatta))

Alakaroti (ala足夠+karoti), 裝飾。【過alakata

Alāta,【中】火把。

Alāpu, alābu,【中】長白葫蘆。

Alābha (a+lābha),【陽】無得,失利。

Ali,【陽】1.蜜蜂,2.蠍子(scorpion)

Alika,【中】謊話,謊言。【形】虛偽的。

Alikavādin (alika虛偽+vādin說【形】),【形】說虛偽的。

Alīna (a+līna執著【過),【過】不執著。【形】不偷懶的。

Aludda (a+ludda凶暴),【形】無凶暴。

Aluddha (a+luddha(pp),【過】未貪。

Alobha,【陽】無私欲,無貪。《阿毘達摩義廣釋》 (Vibhv.CS:p.110)Lobhappaipakkho alobho, so ārammae cittassa alaggatālakkhao muttabhikkhu viya.(貪的相反的,為無貪,他在所緣心的不不執著狀態,如已解脫的比丘一樣。)

Alola, alolupa,【形】不妄羨的,無貪的。

Alla,【形】潮濕的,濕氣,綠色的,未成熟的,新鮮的。alladāru,【中】綠林,未枯乾的樹。allavattha, 潮濕的衣。

Allakappa,  遮羅頗(地名)

Allakappaka (Allakappa 遮羅頗+ka (形容詞化)),【形】遮羅頗。

Allāpa,【陽】交談。

Allīna (Allīyati的【過), 已附著,已黏緊。

Allīyati (a+lī執著+ya), 黏附於,黏住( to cling to, stick to, adhere to; to covet)。【過allīyita。【不】allīyitu(illīyitu)。【過allīna. Caus. alliyāpeti [cp. Sk. ālāpayati, but B.Sk. allīpeti; pp. allīpita; pass. allīpīyate] to make stick, to to bring near to (c. Acc. or Loc.)

Allīyana,【中】黏附,執著的。

Aa, Ala, 1.螃蟹的螯(the claw of a crab, aachinno kakkaako)2.指甲(the nails (of finger or toe))aachinna, 剪指甲。

Aḷāra (adj.) [Is it the same as uḷāra?] 眼睫毛(only used with ref. to the eyelashes)°akkhin with wide eyes (eyelashes?) J.I,306 (= visāla-netta C.); °pamha with thick eye-lashes Vv 357 (= bahala-sayata-pakhuma C.; v.l. °pamukha); °bhamuka having thick eyebrows or °lashes J.VI,503 (so read for °pamukha; C. expls by visāl-akkhigaṇḍa). Cp. āḷāra.

Ahaka in udakahaka VvA.155 read āḷhaka.

av﹐【字根I.】保護(to protect)

ava-o-﹐【字首】下, 卑。

Avaita, 【梵】不二(non-dualistic blissnon-dualistic, non-dual, non-duality, non-dual Absolute)意思是一種非「二」的對立狀態,不用二分法,非自非他、非有非無、非善非惡、……。「非二」的思想來自「奧義書」,發揮「梵我不二」的思想,印度後代吠檀多派(Advaita Vedanta)的重要思想,大乘佛教也吸收這概念,講「煩惱菩提不二,生死與涅槃不二」等。不二,無法以阿毘達摩來理解它,簡單說,它是一種被創造的「理想」概念,在有為法中,不可能進入「非二」的世界,或者保持在「非二」之界,「非二」不存在於「現實」。在61種涅槃之同義詞中(《相應部》S.43.12~44,及《導論》(Nettippakaraa, CS:p.47~48 ),及在其他的巴利文三藏中的「涅槃」定義,沒有不二概念。在阿毘達摩中,最深奧的「涅槃」這個究竟法,都可以解析或體證,但是不二是不可以以阿毘達摩來解析或被體證,它只存在於想像。

Avakaḍḍhati (ava+kaḍḍh拖拉+a), 倒退。avakaḍḍhi,【過】。

Avakaḍḍhana,【中】退走,倒退。

Avakaḍḍhita,【過】已使下跌,已摧毀,已拖開。

Avakassati (ava+ka+a), 倒退。參考 Avakaḍḍhati

Avakāraka,【副】散佈。

Avakāsa,【陽】機會,空間。

Avakirati (ava+kir+a), 倒下,丟出,散佈。avakiri,【過】。

Avakiriya, (Avakirati的【獨】), 散佈了,丟棄了。

Avakujja,【形】臉向下的,彎腰的。

Avakkanta (avakkamati 的【過), 已困擾,已被淹沒。

Avakkanti,【陰】進入。

Avakkamati (ava+kam+a), 進入,淹沒。avakkami,【過】。

Avakkamma, (Avakkamati的【獨】), 進入了,移開了。

Avakkāra,【陽】1.丟棄,2.拒絕。avakkārapāti,【陰】污水盆。

Avakkhitta, (Avakkhipati的【過) 丟下,降低,投下。

Avakkhipati (ava+khip+a), 丟下,降低,投下。avakkhikhipi,【過】。

Avakkhipana,【中】放下,丟下。

Avagacchati (ava+gam+a), 達到,獲得,理解。avagacchi,【過】。

Avagaṇḍakāra,【陽】以食物填塞著頰。

Avagata, (avagacchati 的【過)

Avagāhati (ava+gāh衝進+a), 投入,跳入,進入。avagāhi,【過】。avagāḷha,【過】。

Avagāha,【陽】avagāhana,【中】投入,跳入,進入。

Avaca,【形】低。(只有在 uccāvaca高低的,增高的)的組合中)

Avaca, avoca (vaca 的【3.過】), 他說。ma evam avoca > mahevam(ma-h-evam) avoca 勿如是說。

Avacanīya,【形】不要被訓誡的。

Avacara (ava + car, also BSk. avacara in same sense),【形】【中】搬進,移入(living in or with, moving in)。【中】界(sphere (of moving or activity), realm, plane (of temporal existence))kāmāvacara﹐欲界。SA.6.1./I,195.Atakkāvacaroti takkena avacaritabbo ogāhitabbo na hoti, ñāṇeneva avacaritabbo.(不可思議︰無法以思惟潛入、以智搬進。)

Avacaraka, ocaraka (<avacara),【三】1.(belonging to the sphere of sense experiences)2.間諜(spy)kāmāvacarika,【形】欲界的。

Avacaraa,【中】行爲,職業,交易。

Avajāta,【形】認爲違法的,賤生的。

Avajānana,【中】輕視,蔑視。

Avajānāti (ava+ñā+nā), 輕視。avajāni,【過】。avajāneyya,【義】。Sn.1-11(v.206)Etādisena kāyena, yo maññe uṇṇametave. Para vā avajāneyya, kimaññatra adassanāti.(具有這樣(齷齪的)身體,還自以為了不起,輕蔑他人,這種人是瞶眛(看不見))

Avajita, (Avajināti的【過) 擊敗,再征服

Avajināti (ava+ji+nā), 擊敗,再征服。avajini,【過】。

Avajīyati (ava+ji+ya), 被減少,被取消。

Avajja,【形】無法責備的,無瑕的。

Avajjha,【形】不被殺害的,不被處罰的,唐捐

Avañjhā(a+vañjhā)﹐【形】沒有不育的。avañjhā,【陰】會生育的女人。

Avaññatti (ava+ ñā(jñā)﹐梵avajñapti), the fact of not being despised, inferior or surpassed, egotism, pride, arrogance

Avaññā(ava+ñā(jñā)﹐梵avajñā),【陰】輕視(contempt),失禮(disregard),無禮(disrespect)

Avaññāta, (avajānāti 的【過) 輕視

Avaṭṭhāna,【中】avaṭṭhiti,【陰】位置,姿勢。

Avaḍḍhi,【陰】衰退,損失。

Avaṇṇa,【陽】責備,壞名聲,台語:漚名聲avaṇṇa bhāsati﹐說不名譽,即誹謗。

Avatarana,【中】avatāra,【陽】降,進入,跳入。

Avatarati (ava+tar越過+a), 降,進入,跳入。avatari,【過】。

Avatasa,【陽】裝飾盔上的花環。

Avatiṭṭhati(avatiṣṭhasi), 墮入,跌入。3s.aor. avatthāsi(=apatāsi)

Avatiṇṇa & Otiṇṇa(avatarati 的【過), 已跌入,已受影響(fallen into, affected with )otiṇṇo vipariatena cittena, 以染愛變壞的心(婬亂變心者, 《善見律毘婆沙》卷第十二(T24.761.2))

Avattha1 & avavatthika(der. uncertain) 無目的(aimless (of cārikā, a bhikkhu’s wandering, going on tour))

Avattha2 (Sk. apāsta, apa + āsta, pp. of as2)已捨棄(thrown away)

Avattanta, Avattamāna﹐【現】不存在,不産生,不繼續。

Avatthaa, (avattharati 的【過) 已遮沒,已擊敗。

Avattharaa,【中】1.排列。2.遮沒的,3.擊敗。

Avattharati (ava+thar+a), 遮沒,擊敗。avatthari,【過】。

Avadāta,【形】白色的,清潔的。

Avadhāraa,【中】確定,強調,限制(ascertainment, affirmation, emphasis, limitation)

Avadhārita, (Avadhāreti的【過) 選擇,肯定

Avadhāreti (ava+dhar忍受+e), 選擇,肯定。avadhāresi,【過】。

Avadhi,【陽】邊界,界限。

Avanati,【陰】彎下,彎曲。

Avani,【陰】土地。

Avabujjhati (ava+budh+ya), 明白。avabujjhi,【過】。avabujjhita , 【現】。

Avabodha,【陽】avabujjhana,【中】知識,理解。

Avabodheti (ava+budh+e), 感知,感到,認識到。

Avabhāsa,【陽】光,出現。

Avabhāsati (ava+bhās+a), 照耀,發光。avabhāsi,【過】。avabhāsita,【過】已輝煌,已照亮。

Avamagala,【中】壞運,凶兆。【形】不吉利的。

Avamaññati (ava+man+ya), 藐視,輕視。avamaññi,【過】。

Avamaññanā,【陰】avamāna,【陽】avamānana,【中】輕視,忽視,不敬。

Avamāneti (ava+ man+e), 輕視,不敬。avamānesi,【過】。avamata, avamānita,【過】。

Avayava,【陽】肢,一部份,要素。

Avaruddha, ( Avarundhati的【過) 抑制,圍攻,監禁。

Avarundhati (ava+rudh成長+-a), 抑制,圍攻,監禁。avarundhi,【過】。

Avarodhaka,【陽】妨害者。

Avarodhana,【中】障礙。

Avalakkhaa,【形】醜陋的,不幸的徵兆。

Avalambati (ava+lab+-a), 懸掛。avalambi,【過】。avalambita,【過】。

Avalambana,【中】1.懸掛。2.幫助。

Avalikhati (ava+likh+a), 刮掉,切片。avalikhi,【過】。

Avalitta, avalitta-, (Sk. avalipta, Avalimpati的【過) 塗上,塗以灰泥(besmeared)ullittāvalitta, 塗上塗下,塗內塗外( “smeared up & down” i. e. plastered inside & outside A.I,101.)

Avalimpati (ava+lip+-a), 塗上,塗以灰泥。avalimpi,【過】。

Avalekhati, Apalekhati, (ava + lekhati, likh, Sk. avalikhati), 刮掉(to scrape off )

Avalekhana(< avalekhati),【中】擦去刮掉(scraping, scraping off)avalekhanakaṭṭha,【中】作爲刮東西的竹片子。

Avalepana,【中】塗,塗抹灰泥。

Avalehana,【中】舔。

Avāvaa (a + vāvaa), 【形】無障礙的(unobstructed, unhindered),無婚約(of a woman, not married J.V,213 (= apetāvaraṇā))

Avasavattana﹐【中】無法控制,無權威。

Avasara,【陽】偶然性,機會。

Avasarati (ava+sar(s)動轉+a), 下去,到達。avasari,【過】。avasaa,【過】。

Avasāna,【中】結束,終點,停止。

Avasiñcati (ava+sic傾倒+-a), 灌注,灑。avasiñci,【過】。

Avasiṭṭha (avasissati 的【過), 已剩餘,已剩下。

Avasitta, (avasiñcati 的【過)

Avasin(a + vasin fr. vaś), 【形】【中】不能自己(not having control over oneself)

Avasissati (ava+sis傾倒+ya), 被留下,剩餘。avasissi,【過】。

Avasussati (ava+sus(śu)弄乾+ya), 乾涸,枯竭,凋謝。avasussi,【過】。

Avasussana,【中】乾涸,枯竭,凋謝。

Avasesa(Sk. avaśea, fr. ava + śi),【中】殘餘(remainder, remaining part)。【形】剩餘的。

Avassa,【副】不可避免。

Avasesaka,【中】所剩餘的。

Avassaṭā, 外道。Pāci.IV,217.Avassaṭā nāma titthāyatana sakantā vuccati.(入外道移入外道。)

Avassaya,【陽】支援,幫忙,仰賴,仰仗。

Avassayati (ava+si眠﹑臥+e), 倚靠,仰賴。參考 avasseti

Avassika,【形】剛出家的,出家後還未有戒臘。

Avassita, [avasseti倚靠]的【過倚靠

Avassuta,【形】依戀,充滿欲望的。SA.35.241./III,42.Avassutoti rāgena tinto.(充滿欲望:沾粘染污。) Pāci.IV,214.Avassutā nāma sārattā apekkhavatī paibaddhacittā.(充滿欲望的︰有依戀,有欲望,被愛所綁的。)

Avasseti (ava+si眠﹑臥+e), 倚靠,仰賴。avassayi,【過】。

Avahaa, (avaharati 的【過)

Avaharaa,【中】avahāra,【陽】竊盜,移掉。

Avaharati (ava+har+a), 偷,取走。avahari,【過】。

Avahasati (ava+has+a), 嘲弄嘲笑。avahasi,【過】。

Avahīyati (ava+hi+ya), 留下來,逗留。參考 Ohīyati

Avāpuraa,【中】鑰匙。

Avāpurati (ava+ā+pur+a), 打開。avāpuri,【過】。

Avikampī,【陽】平靜的人,不動搖的人。

Avikkhepa,【陽】平靜。PsA.CS:pg.1.95.Samādhisampayogena avikkhepaṭṭho.(與三摩地結合,為平靜)

Aviggaha,【陽】無身體的。

Avijahati (a+vi+hā+a, hā 重疊,前 hā 被改成 ja), 不放棄,不離開。【過】avijahi。【現avijahanta。【獨】avijahitvā

Avijjamāna,【形】不存在的。

Avijjaṇḍa-kosa,【陽】無明()殼。

Avijjā(avidyā; <a+vid),【陰】無明、無知(ignorance)avijjogha,【陽】無明流,無知的風潮。《無礙解道注釋》(PsA.CS:p.1.109)Avijjāti Suttantapariyāyena dukkhādīsu catūsu hānesu aññāṇa, Abhidhammapariyāyena pubbantādīhi saddhi aṭṭhasu. Vuttañheta-- “Tattha katamā avijjā? 1Dukkhe aññāṇa, 2dukkhasamudaye aññāṇa, 3dukkhanirodhe aññāṇa, 4dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paipadāya aññāṇa, 5pubbante aññāṇa, 6aparante aññāṇa, 7pubbantāparante aññāṇa, 8idappaccayatāpaiccasamuppannesu dhammesu aññāṇan”ti (Dhammasagaṇī(Dhs.)《法集論》(PTS:#1100, CS:#1106《分別論》Vbh.136, CS.#226).(什麼是無明:經教以無知苦等四諦。論教以八事的無知。這麼說什麼是無明?1無知苦,2無知苦集,3無知苦滅,4無知趣向苦滅之道,5無知過去,6無知未來7無知過去未來8無知此緣性、緣起諸法。)

Aviññāṇaka,【形】無識的,無感覺的。

Aviññāta,【形】不知道的。

Avidita,【形】未知的。

Avidūra,【形】接近的,不遠的,【中】附近。

Aviddasu,【陽】愚人。

Avinipāta-dhamma,【中】無墮落法(不再犯會墮入惡趣的法)

Avinibbhoga,【形】不明了的,不可分開的。

Avinīta,【形】未經訓練的,沒有受過教育的。

Avippaisāra(a+vi+paṭisāra<pai+<sar(sm)記憶﹑), 【陽】不悔,不反悔。A.10.2./V, 2.“Sīlavato, bhikkhave, sīlasampannassa na cetanāya karaṇīya--‘Avippaisāro me uppajjatū’ti. Dhammatā esā, bhikkhave, ya sīlavato sīlasampannassa avippaisāro uppajjati.(諸比丘!持戒、具戒者,不應思「願我得不悔」。諸比丘!持戒、具戒者自然得不悔。)(cf. 《中阿含43經》, T1.485.2)

Avippavāsa,【陽】非分離,不分離。

Avibhūta(a+vibhūta),【形】不清楚的,不明顯的。

Aviruddha,【形】不相反的,友好的。

Avirūḷha,【形】不生長的,不擴延的。avirūḷhi,【陰】1.非生長,2.再生的止息。

Avirūhnā,【反】不成長,非生長。

Avirodha,【陽】缺少敵對。

Avilambita,【副】很快地,不延遲地。

Avivayha,【形】1.難忍。2.不適合結婚的。

Avisavāda,【陽】事實。avisavādaka, avisavādī,【形】講實話的人。

avisāhāra【陽】不散DhsA.(CS:p.188)Uddhaccavicikicchāvasena pavattassa visāhārassa paipakkhato avisāhāro. Uddhaccavicikicchā- vaseneva gacchanta citta vikkhipati nāma. (生起與掉舉、疑、心煩意亂的相反,為不散。處於掉舉、疑已離去的心。)

Avisāhaa(a + visāhaa),【形】不散亂的,鎮靜的(imperturbed) avisāhaamānasata, 不散亂心性。DhsA.#11.Uddhacca-vicikicchā- vaseneva ca citta visāhaa nāma hoti, ito cito ca harīyati. Aya pana eva avisāhaassa mānasassa bhāvoti avisāhaamānasatā.(處於掉舉、疑的心煩,為散亂,從此被帶著堆積。然而不散亂的心存在,為不散亂心性)

Avihā, 無煩天。Imesu pana pahamatalavāsino appakena kālena attano hāna na vijahantīti avihā.(在第一層天的住者,只有少時自己的住處,為無煩天)

Avihita,【形】未做的,未準備的。

Avihisā,【陰】人性,不殘酷,無害。

Avihehaka,【形】不傷害的,不騷擾的。

Avihehana,【中】非傷害。

Avīci,【形】無間的,無波的,【陰】無間地獄,八大地獄之一。

Avīta,【形】未解脫的。

Avītikkama,【陽】非違反,非犯罪。

Avuṭṭhi (a+vuṭṭhi)﹐【陰】無雨。

Avuṭṭhika,【形】無雨的。

Avekkhati (ava+ikkh(īk)+a)( B.Sk. avīkate. The regular Pāli form however is apekkhati),看著,考慮。avekkhi,【過】。avekkhita,

Avekkhana,【中】看著,考慮。

Avecca (< aveti知道< ava+i or a+vecca < vi +i (= a+vi +gam),「不壞失」),【獨】知道了、洞見了。aveccappasāda,【陽】確知而得的淨信。

Avebhagiya,【形】不可分佈的。

Avera,【形】無怨的。【中】無怨。verinesu averino(我們)在仇怨中沒有怨仇(averino < a-verin, a.m.Nom.pl. 修飾「我們」(省略))

Averī,【形】無敵意的。

Avelā,【陰】不合適的時間。

Avyatta,【形】1.不顯示的。2.未學習的。

Avyaya(=abyaya),【中】無格式變化詞,無損失。avyayena,【副】沒有任何的開支。avyayībhāva,【陽】複合詞中之一個詞素是無格式變化詞。

Avyākata(=abyākata)(< pp. of a-vyākaroti)【形】不解說的,無法斷言的,無記的DhsA.p.261.catubbidha abyākata--vipāka kiriya rūpa nibbānanti.(四種無記︰果報、唯作、色、涅槃。) AA.7.51./IV,38.abyākatavatthūsūti ekasādivasena akathitavatthūsu(無記事︰不可論究而明確之事。)十四無記caturdaśāvyākta乃十四種之不記答(avyākata無記無法斷言)為佛四記答中之捨置記答。巴利文經典只有十無記,缺三、四、七、八。十四種,即:()世間常,sassato lokothis world is eternal.()世間無常,asassata lokothis world is not eternal.()世間亦常亦無常,( śāśvataś cāśāśvataś cathis world is both eternal and not eternal)()世間非常非無常,( naiva śāśvato nāśāśvataś cathis world is neither eternal nor not eternal)()世間有邊,antavā lokothis world is finite.()世間無邊,anantavā lokothis world is infinite.()世間亦有邊亦無邊,( antavāṁś cānantavāṁś cathis world is both finite and infinite )()世間非有邊非無邊,( naivāntavāṁ nānantavāṁthis world is neither finite nor infinite. )()如來死後有,hoti tathāgato para maraṇāafter death a tathāgata exists.(‘如來在此指有情’(satto),cf. (AA.7.51./IV,37.))()如來死後無na hoti tathāgato para maraṇāafter death a tathāgata does not exist.(十一)如來死後亦有亦非有hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato para maraṇāafter death a tathāgata both exists and does not exist.(十二)如來死後非有非非有neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato para maraṇāafter death a tathāgata neither exists nor does not exist.(十三)命身一(命即身)tajīvatasarīrathe soul and the body are the same.(十四)命身異(命身異)aṅṅajīvaaṅṅasarīrathe soul is one thing and the body another.「世間常」等十四無記,「無記」(avyākata無法斷言)前十二句問「有、無」後二問「一、異」。此類問題佛陀一概不答。原因有三:()虛妄無實。()諸法既非「有常」,亦非「斷滅」。()無益之戲論。巴利三藏講「十無記」,沒有3世間常無常,4世間非常非無常,7世有邊無邊,8世非有邊非無邊。另參考《箭喻經》(T1.804~)

Avyāpajjha1(abyābajjha) (a+vyapajjha or bajjha),【中】仁慈的心(kindness of heartpass.),解脫苦(freedom from suffering ep.of Nibbāna)

Avyāpajjha2(abyābajjha) (a+vyāpajjha逆向行(【未被】),【形】無壓迫的(free from oppression or injury),無傷害的(not hurting)

Avyāpāda,【陽】沒有惡意(absence of desire to injure, freedom from malice)

Avyāvaa(=abyāvaa),【形】不佔領的,不煩惱的。

Avhaya(<avhayati; cp. Sk. āhvaya “betting”),【陽】名字,點名,受邀。【形】(在【合】中) 名叫。avhāya, ppr.m.Nom.sg. < ā-hū /ā-hvā, avhāti, avhayati, avheti「稱呼,叫,邀請」。巴利語中h常與其後子音「倒置」(-vh- < -hv-);又,ā- 遇連續子音時,弱化為a- (「二音長法則」)

Avhayatiavheti (a+vhe+a)(Sk. āhvayati, ā + hū or hvā)-- 1.喚起(invoke),呼籲(appeal to)(avhayāma imper.)2.呼叫(= pakkosati); (avhettha pret.). 3.點名,叫(= āmanteti ālapati)。【過avhāta

Avhāti (a+vhā+a), 呼叫,稱呼,演說召喚。avhayi,【過】。

Avhāta (avhāti 的【過), 已呼叫,已命名。

Avhāna,【中】名字,點名。

Avheti, 呼叫,稱呼,演說召喚。參考 avhāti

as﹐【字根I.】吃(to eat)。【字根III.】丟(to throw)。【字根V.】吃(to eat)

Asagāhanā﹐【陰】沒有掌握。DhsA.CS:p.296Rūpādīsu ekadhammampi aniccādisāmaññato na sagahātīti,(從無常等共相,沒有掌握在等一法)

Asambādha(a + sambādha) ,【形】無障礙的(unobstructed)

Asavāsa,【形】不適合交往的。

Asavuta,【形】不關閉的,無限制的。S.35.97./IV,78.Cakkhundriya asavutassa, bhikkhave, viharato citta byāsiñcati. Cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu tassa byāsittacittassa pāmojja na hoti. Pāmojje asati pīti na hoti. Pītiyā asati passaddhi na hoti. Passaddhiyā asati dukkha hoti. Dukkhino citta na samādhiyati. Asamāhite citte dhammā na pātubhavanti. Dhammāna apātubhāvā pamādavihārī tveva sakhya gacchati.…”(諸比丘!不遮蓋眼而住者,則心被污;其心為眼所識之色境所污,則無悅;無悅則無喜;無喜則無輕安;無輕安則有苦;有苦者之心則不得定;心不得定則諸法不顯現,諸法不顯現,則稱為放逸住者。)(耳、鼻、舌、身、意根亦同) (亦見:S.42.13./IV,351.S.55.40./V,398.(《雜阿含855經》T2.217 .3)《長部》D.33./III,242.)

Asasaggakathā, 無雜論。AA.5.90./III,275.Asasaggakathāti pañcavidhena sasaggena asasaṭṭhā hothāti kathanakathā.(無雜論未連結五種雜染之論。)

Asasaṭṭha(a+sasaṭṭha),【形】未連結的、未結交的。DhA.v.404.asasaṭṭhanti dassana-savana-samullapana-paribhoga-kāya- sasaggāna abhāvena asasaṭṭha.(‘未結交即見、聽、交談、受用、連絡的消失稱為未結交。)

Asahārima,【形】固定的。

Asahīra,【形】不可動搖的,堅定不移的,不可征服的。

Asaka,【形】非自己的。

Asaki,【副】超過一次。

Asakka, asakkueyya, asakkonta,【形】不能的,不可能的。kātu asakkontāna pāpabhāva, 作惡多端。

Asakiṇṇa,【形】未混雜他物的,不擁擠的。

Asakiliṭṭha,【形】不沾染的。

Asakhata,【形】無條件的,無準備的,無為的。asakhatadhātu,【陰】無條件的境界。S.43.12./IV,362.“rāgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo-- ida vuccati, bhikkhave, asakhata.”(貪欲滅盡、瞋恚滅盡、愚癡滅盡,諸比丘!此稱為無為) A.3.47./I,152.Na uppādo paññāyati, na vayo paññāyati, na hitassa aññathatta paññāyati.Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi asakhatassa asakhatalakkhaṇānī”ti.(生不出現,滅不出現,變動不出現。諸比丘!此等三者,是無為之無為相。)

Asakhatadhamma(asasktadharma)﹐無為法。

Asakheyya,【形】無法計數的,阿僧祇。【中】最高書寫數位有 141個零。

Asaga, 【陽】不附著,不執著。

Asacca,【中】謊言。【形】錯誤的,不真實的。

Asajjamāna,【現】不碰觸著的,不執著的。

Asaññaasaññī,【形】無意識的。asaññabhava,【陽】無意識的空間。asaññāsattā devā﹐無想有情天。Asaññasattāyatana,無想有情處(無想天)。修無想定的方法是,從第四禪出定後,修厭離名法的方法(離名行nāmavirāga bhāvanā),不斷作意‘dhī nāma, dhī nāma’(名法是可厭的,名法是可厭的),直到證得無想定。《俱舍論》:「無想定,為求解脫厭壞於想,以出離想作意為先,而得證入。」(T29.401.2)

Asaññata (= na+sayata), 不抑制,不節制的。

Asaha(a+ saha欺詐的),【形】不欺詐的,不狡詐的,誠實的。

Asaṇṭhita,【形】不結實的,不善建立的,未處理的。

Asati (as+a), 吃。asesi,【過】。asita,【過】。

Asati (asanta 的【處】),缺乏,匱乏(ui7 huat8)

Asatiyā,【副】無心地。

Asatta,【形】非附件的。

Asadisa,【形】無比的,無敵的。

Asādiyanta, 【現】沒有正在接受Sp.Pārā.I,269.Asādiyanto nāma yo jānitvāpi na sādiyati, tattheva sahasā vuṭṭhitabhikkhu viya.(沒有接受︰若是知道的話,也完全沒接受;例如比丘就在那裡被強制。)

Asaddhamma,【陽】l.不規矩,罪,2.行房。

Asana,【中】1.吃。2.食物。3.箭。【陽】欖仁樹(一種喬木 Terminalia Alata)

Asani,【陰】霹靂,雷電。asanipāta,【陽】雷電的落下。

Asanta,【形】非存在的,壞的,邪惡的,缺德的。

Asantasanta, asantāsī,【形】不發抖的,大膽的。

Asantuṭṭha,【形】不快樂的,不滿意的。

Asantuṭṭhi,【陰】不快樂,不滿足。

Asapatta, 沒有敵意,和平的。

Asapati(a-sapati)﹐無伴之夫(丈夫之唯一之妻)

Asappāya,【形】無益的,不愉快的。

Asappurisa,【陽】不善士,壞人。Asappuriso bhikkhave akataññū hoti akatavedī. Asabbhi h’eta bhikkhave upaññāta yadida akataññutā akataveditā. Kevalā esā bhikkhave asappurisabhūmi yadida akataññutā akataveditā.(比丘們!不善士是不報恩、不知恩。諸比丘!確實,此卑劣的被認為不報恩、不知恩者。諸比丘!這全然不善士地,即是不報恩、不知恩。)

Asabala,【形】無污點的。

Asabbha,【形】無禮的,惡劣的。【中】粗俗的語言。vāca abhāsi pharusa asabbha﹐他曾說粗惡話、粗話。

Asabbhī,【陽】壞者,粗俗的。

Asama,【形】不相等的,無敵的。asamapekkhana無等觀asamasama,【形】asamasamo, 無敵中的無敵。

Asamāna,【形】不相等的。

Asamāhita(a+samāhita等引),【形】沒有定(三摩呬多)的,非等引的。

Asamekkhakārī,【陽】匆匆的人。

Asampakampiya(a+sam+pa+kampiya),【形】完全不被搖動的。

Asampatta,【形】未到達的,未接近的。

Asammusanatā不失憶性。(= naṭṭha-muṭṭhassatitā﹐見DhsA.CS:p.433)

Asammūḷha,【形】(思想)不混亂的。

Asammosa(a+sammosa cp. B.Sk. asammoadharman),【陽】無混亂(absence of confusion)

Asammoha,【陽】無混亂。

Asayavasin(a + saya + vasi),【形】不是自己所能控制的(not under one’s own control)

Asayha(a + sayha, grd. of sah = Sk. asahya),【形】無法忍受的(impossible, insuperable)

Asaraa,【形】無助的。

Asahana,【中】非忍耐。

Asahamāna,【現】不持久的。

Asahāya,【形】孤單的,沒有朋友的。

Asāta,【形】不愉快的。【中】痛苦,苦楚。

Asādisa, (=Asadisa) 無比的,無敵的。

Asādu,【形】差勁的味道,不合意的。【中】錯誤的行動。

Asādhāraa,【形】不共通的

Asāra,【形】無價值的,無樹液的,徒然的。

Asāraddha,【形】不刺激的,冷靜的。

Asāhasa,【形】不暴力的,溫順的。

Asi,【陽】刀劍。asiggāhaka,【陽】(國王的)捧劍者。asicamma,【中】刀劍和盾。asidhārā,【陰】刀劍的邊緣。asipatta,【中】刀劍的刀鋒。

Asita,【中】1.食物。2.鐮刀。(asati asnāti 的【過) 已吃。

Asita (na+sita),【形】黑色。

Asithila(a+sithila鬆弛的),【形】強硬的,不鬆弛的。asithilavīriya﹐已紮實的精進(paggahitavīriyaasithilavīriya﹐見Sīlakkhandhavaggaṭīkā《長部》戒蘊品疏CS:p.3.80.)

Asilesā,【陰】柳宿(二十七星宿之一)

Asisūna (asi+sūna切肉台)﹐【陰】屠宰場。

Asīti,【陰】八十。asītima,【形】第八十的。

Asu, asuka,【形】某某。

Asuci,【陽】污垢,排泄物,糞,屎,精液。【形】不純的,不潔淨的。asuci muccati, 遺精、夢遺。

Asuddha,【形】不潔淨的。

Asubha,【形】不愉快的,醜陋的,不淨的(古譯:惡露)。【中】屍體。Vism.110.1Uddhumātaka, 2vinīlaka, 3vipubbaka, 4vicchiddaka, 5vikkhāyitaka, 6vikkhittaka, 7hatavikkhittaka, 8lohitaka, 9puuvaka, 10aṭṭhikanti ime dasa asubha. (十不淨(dasa asubhathe ten kinds of foulness)有:1.膨脹相(uddhumātakathe bloated)2.青瘀相(vinīlakathe livid)3.膿爛相(vipubbakafestering)4.斷壞相(vicchiddakathe cut-up)5.食殘相(vikkhāyitakathe gnawed)6.散亂相(vikkhittakathe scattered)7.斬斫相(hatavikkhittakathe hacked and scattered)8.血塗相(lohitakathe bleeding)9.蟲聚相(puavakathe worm-infested)10.骸骨相(aṭṭhikaskeleton)A.1.2./I,4.“Nāha, bhikkhave, añña ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppanno vā kāmacchando nuppajjati uppanno vā kāmacchando pahīyati yathayida, bhikkhave, asubhanimitta. Asubhanimitta, bhikkhave, yoniso manasi karoto anuppanno ceva kāmacchando nuppajjati uppanno ca kāmacchando pahīyatī”ti.(諸比丘!我不見別有一法,能使不生起未生之慾欲,或使斷已生之慾欲。諸比丘!這就是不淨相。諸比丘!從根源作意(如理作意)不淨相者,即令不生起未生之慾欲,或令斷已生之慾欲。) 廣義法門經》(T1.920.1)說:「有十四法,能違能障此不淨想。何等十四?一共女人一處住。二失念心觀視女人。三恒起放逸。四生重欲心。五數習淨想。六不數習不淨想。七恒共作務人聚集而住。八隨彼所行。九不樂聽正法。十不問正法。十一不能守護六種根門。十二食不節量。十三獨住空處不得安心。十四不能如實觀察。」

十不淨

取相

似相

對治

1膨脹相:看膨脹的屍体

壞形的、恐怖的樣子

胖子睡臥的樣子

貪體材

2青瘀相:看青瘀的屍体

青瘀斑點的樣子

滿是青瘀的屍体

貪膚色

3膿爛相:看膿爛的屍体

流膿的樣子

不動而靜止的屍体

貪體香

4斷壞相:看斷壞的屍体

中間斬斷的樣子

圓滿的屍体

貪結實

5食殘相:看動物吃剩屍体

被食啖的樣子

圓滿的屍体

貪隆乳

6散亂相:看屍体的散落

明瞭的隔離狀態

圓滿的屍体

貪美體

7斬斫相:看被砍斷的屍体

可識別被斬斫的傷口

圓滿的屍体

貪整體

8血塗相:看流血的屍体

像風飄的紅旗

靜止的紅血的屍体

貪妝扮

9蟲聚相:看蛆蟲爬滿屍体

蠕動狀

如靜止的米飯屍体

貪我相

10骸骨相: 看白骨

骨的孔隙

圓滿的白骨

貪骨相

 

Asura,【陽】阿修羅。asurakāya,【陽】阿修羅王國,阿修羅集會。asurinda,【陽】阿修羅的國王。

Asūra,【形】懦弱的,偷懶的()

Asekha, asekkha,【形】無學(畢業者)。【陽】阿羅漢。

Asecanaka,【形】本來豐滿又可口的。

Asevanā,【陰】非結交的。

Asesa,【形】整個的,所有的。asesa,【副】完全,完全地。

Asoka,【形】無悲傷。【陽】無憂樹(Jonesia Asoka,熱帶亞洲産的一種美麗的豆科喬木,因它的深桔紅色的花而栽培,並用作點綴寺廟)Asoka﹐阿育王。據《島史Dīpavasa(VI.1,19f)、《大史Mahāvasa(V,21)與《律藏註釋書Samantapāsādikā(I, p.41.),阿育王於公元前325~326年即位。此時距佛陀涅槃約218年,因此,佛陀的涅槃約在公元前543~544)。現代學者認為阿育王即位的時間應該是公元前268年,而有佛陀涅槃於公元前486年之說。

Asobhana,【形】醜陋的,不合適的。

Asnāti (as+nā), 吃。

Asmā,【陽】石頭。

Asmi (as 的【1.單】), 我是。asmāna,【陽】自傲,自我中心癖。

Asmimāna (asmi+māna), 我慢。asmimānasamugghāta, 斷絕我慢。

Assa1,【陽】1.馬,2.角落。assakhaluka,【陽】劣馬。assagopaka,【陽】馬夫。assatthara,【陽】馬的套;象、馬或馬車的小地毯。assadamma,【陽】要被訓練的馬。assadamaka,【陽】訓馬師。assapotaka,【陽】小馬。assabandha,【陽】馬夫。assabhaṇḍaka,【中】馬飾。assamaṇḍala,【中】賽馬場。assamedha,【陽】馬祭。assaratha,【陽】馬車。assavāṇija,【陽】馬商。assasenā,【陰】騎兵。assājānīya,【陽】好馬。

Assa2, atthi的【3.潛】可能是。cf. atthi(有,在,存在)

Assa3, ima(這個人)的【陽】【單】【與.屬】給這個,這個的。

Assaka,【形】赤貧的。

Assakaṇṇa,【陽】1.粗壯婆羅雙(東印度的一種材用樹種 (Shorea robusia),其葉可做爲紫膠蟲的食物)2.阿沙干那,一座山名。

Assaji,【陽】1.(五比丘之一)馬勝,馬師,頞鞞,音譯︰阿說示。2. (惡比丘之一)馬師(另一位︰滿宿)(《善見律毘婆沙》卷第十四, T24.770.1)︰「污他家比丘者,此是馬師、滿宿(Assaji-Punabbasuka)。於六群比丘中最是上座。」

Assatara,【陽】騾(gabbho assatari, gabbhamassatarī懷胎騾(必定死))(諷刺固執的人說︰「像騾子一樣固執」)S.17.35./II,241.(A.4.68./II,74.)“Phala ve kadali hanti, phala veu phala naa; Sakkāro kāpurisa hanti, gabbho assatari yathā”ti.(香蕉結纍死,竹蘆結實死,恭敬害賤人,懷胎騾必死。)《別譯雜阿含3經》(T2.374.3):「芭蕉生實死,蘆竹葦亦然,貪利者如是,必能自傷損。」香蕉欉()結纍,香蕉成熟後就被砍斷,因為不再長果實,沒有經濟價值;竹子、蘆葦開花就會枯死(沒結果);「騾懷孕必死」為印度的傳說。

Assattha,【陽】菩提樹(印度的一種著名的榕屬植物 (Ficus Religiosa),因植株高大,壽命長和在經濟用途上爲蟲膠的來源而著稱,它與孟加拉榕的區別在於無支根)

Assattha ([assādeti安慰] 的【過), 已安慰。

Assaddha,【形】無信的,不信宗教的。assaddhiya,【中】不信仰。

Assama(ā + śram),【陽】隱居處(a hermitage)

Assamaa(a + samaa),【陽】非沙門,假和尚,丟失出家身份的人(not a true Samaa Vin.I,96; Sn.282; Pug.27 (so read for asamaa); Pug.A 207. -- f. assamaṇī Vìn IV.214.)

Assayuja,【陽】阿濕縛庾闍月(月份名,大約在九月至十月之間,農曆816915),婁宿(二十七星宿之一)

Assava(ā + suṇāti, śru),【形】忠誠的,注意的(loyal)。【陽】流動,膿。puttā anassavā, 不孝子。

Assavaatā,【陰】不注意。

Assavanīya,【形】難聽的。

Assasati (ā+sas(śvas)+a), 1.呼氣(to breathe, to breathe out, to exhale)2.舒暢的呼氣( to breathe freely or quietly, to feel relieved, to be comforted, to have courageassasitvāna ger. = vissamitvā)3.進入呼氣( to enter by the breath, to bewitch, enchant, take possession)。【過】assasi。【過assattha2。【獨】assasitvā。【現assasanta(正在呼氣者)。【使】assāsetiSo satova(=sato+va) assasati, satova passasati.(他具念的吸氣,他具念的呼氣。) 意思是︰具念於整個吸氣的過程,具念於整個呼氣的過程。如果行者覺得這樣還是容易專注於呼吸,心念常為散亂或五蓋所淹沒,則可在具念的吸呼之後,再覺知一下,或加標記︰「知道」。如此操作,可以很快的提升呼吸的正念。

Assasa-passasa(assāsapassāsā)【陽】呼吸,台語:喘氣chan2 khui3自然的呼吸就是一種遍作相。註釋中提到(注意)鼻孔相(nāsika-nimitta)與上唇相(mukha-nimitta)都是呼吸的遍作相。

Assā1,【陰】母馬。

Assā2, ima (這個人)的【陰】【單】【與.屬】給她,她的。

Assāda(ā + sādiyati, svad)【陽】assādanā,【陰】味道,味著,享樂,滿足(taste, sweetness, enjoyment, satisfaction)

Assādi(n), 【陽】【陰】【中】品嚐,享樂(tasting, enjoyment, relishing)

Assādeti (ā+sad+e) (denom. fr. assāda), 品嘗,享受(to taste)assādesi,【過】。

Assāma(<atthi), 願我們是(1p.opt.)

Assāsa,【陽】1.吸入2.安慰(comfort)

Assāsaka(< assāsa),【形】【中】1. 有呼吸(having breath, breathing)2.帶來安慰的。

Assāsappattā(assāsa蘇息+patta已得的)﹐【形】已蘇息的。

Assāseti (ā+sas+e), 安慰。assāsesi,【過】。

Assu1,【中】淚(a tear)assudhārā,【陰】掉淚(a shower of tears)assumukha(cp. BSk. aśrumukha),【形】滿臉淚水。assumocana,【中】流淚。

Assu2,【無】語調強的詞。【3.潛】可能是。

Assu3 (indecl.) (Sk. sma) (expletive part. also used in emphatic sense of “surely, yes, indeed”(according to Fausböll, but preferably with P. T. S. ed. as tayas su for tay’assu, cp. KhA 188); Vv 324 (assa v. l. SS) = VvA.135 (assū ti nipāta-matta). Perhaps we ought to take this assu3 together with the foll. assu4 as a modification of ssu (see su2). Cp. āsu.

Assu4 part. for Sk. svid (and sma?) see under su2. According to this view Fausbölls reading ken’assu at Sn.1032 is to be emended to kena ssu.

Assuta,【形】未聽過的。assutavantu,【形】無知識的,沒有學問的人。SA.12.61./II,97.assutavāti khandhadhātu-āyatanapaccayākārasatipaṭṭhānādīsu uggahaparipucchāvinicchayarahito.(具有無聞:蘊、界、處、緣起、念住等沒有生起研究、辨別。)

Aha, Aho (語基為ahas),中】日子。在【合】中,後隨有另一個詞素時,它詞形是 aho, 例如 ahoratta

Aha, (amha 的【主.單】), (甲骨文︰;金文︰。,似乎說兩把互砍,象徵「我」常常有衝突、矛盾、折磨。)

                                                    

    aha               mayaṁamhevayaṁamhaseno

maṁmamaṁ           amheasmeamhākaasmākano

具﹑離mayā                       amhehino

與﹑屬mamamamamayhame  amhākaasmākaamha

   mayi                         amhesu

Ahakāra,【陽】自我中心癖(selfishness, egotism),自大(arrogance)(see also mamakāra)

Ahata (a+hata損壞【過),【形】新的,不破壞的。

Ahaha(A-發語辭)﹐【歎】唉!悲哀的驚呼。【中】一個極大的數位。【陽】阿訶訶地獄(niraya)

Ahāsi,  [harati運送[…]、拿[…]、拿去、竊奪] 的【單..過】。

Ahetu (a+hetu), 無因。ahetu-appaccaya﹐無因無緣。ahetukavāda,無因論。SA.22.62./II,279.Ahetukavādāti-ādīsu “natthi hetu natthi paccayo”ti gahitattā ahetukavādā.(無因論︰無因無緣,取名為無因論。)

Ahetuka-diṭṭhi﹐【陰】無因見,此見認為沒有污染或淨化有情的因緣,所以該有情是由於偶然、命運或需要而被污染或淨化。

Ahi(Vedic ahi),【陽】蛇(a snake)ahikuapa,蛇屍(the carcase of a snake)ahigāha,【陽】捕蛇者(a snake catcher or trainer)ahiguṇṭhika(=ahiguṇḍika, ahiguṇṭika & ahikuṇḍika; the BSk. paraphrase is ahituṇḍika),【陽】捕蛇者(a snake charmer)ahicchattaka,【陽】蕈(“a snake’s parasol”, a mushroom)ahichatta,【中】傘蛇(DhpA.v.188./CS:pg.2.157)Ahituṇḍika(=ahiguṇṭhika),【陽】捕蛇者。ahimekhalā,蛇的環帶( “snake-girdle”, i. e. outfit or appearance of a snake DhA I.139)ahivātaka(-roga),蛇風(“snakewind-sickness”)ahipeta,蛇鬼(a Peta in form of a snake DhA II.63)ahiphea,【中】鴉片。ahivijjā,【陰】蛇的學問,蛇的巫術( “snake-craft”, i. e. fortune-telling or sorcery by means of snakesD.I,9. (Ahivijjāti sappadaṭṭhatikicchanavijjā ceva sappāvhāyanavijjā ca. “the art of healing snake bites as well as the invocation of snakes (for magic purposes)” DA.1./I,93.))

Ahita (a+hita利益) ,【中】無利益,傷害,無情。【形】有害的。

Ahirika, ahirīka, (a+hiri+ika (形容詞化) ),【形】不知羞恥的。【中】不知羞恥。

Ahivātakaroga,【陽】黑死病,淋巴腺鼠疫。

Ahisā (a+hisā傷害),【陰】無傷害。

Ahīnindriya,【形】沒有任何感官殘缺的人。

Ahugāliya,【中】大聲的笑。

Ahetuka,【形】無根據的,無顯著原因的,無因的,無因生的。無因生的人ahetuka──是天生盲(jaccandha)、天生聾(jaccabadhira)、天生無(jaccaghānaka)、天生啞(jaccamūga)、天生愚蠢(jaccajaa)、天生瘋狂(jaccummattaka)、黃門(paṇḍaka)、雙性根者(ubhatobyañjanakahermaphrodites)太監(napusaka中性者)口吃(mammastammering)落難的阿修羅(vinipātikāsura)

Ahu, Ahū, 變成( [ hoti變成] 的【3.過】)

Ahutvā (a+hutvā 變成【獨】),【獨】不變成。

Aho(Sk. aho)(=ahe),【無】哎呀!驚奇或驚愕的驚呼(exclamation of surprise, astonishment or consternation: yea, indeed, well; I say! for sure!)“aho sukha aho sukhan”ti (快樂得不得了!快樂得不得了!)

Aho,【中】日 (°-) (= -aha)ahovata, 的確呀!

Ahoratta (aho+ratta夜間),【中】【陽】晝夜,白天和夜晚。

Ahoratti (aho+ratti夜間),【陰】日夜。

Ahosi (hoti 的【過】), 他是。ahosikamma,【中】沒有任何潛在力量的一種思想行爲。SA.1.50./I,92.Ahuvāti ahosi.(他是︰他是。)

 

Ā

 

Ā1 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第二個母音字母。發音好像漢語中陰平的 a

Ā°2 gua or increment of a° in connection with such suffixes as -ya, -iya, -itta. So in āyasakya fr. ayasaka; āruppa from arūpa; ārogya fr. aroga; ālasiya fr. alasa; ādhipacca fr. adhipati; ābhidosika fr. abhidosa etc.

Ā°3 of various other origins (gua e. g. of or lengthening of ordinary root a°), rare, as ālinda (for alinda), āsabha (< usabha公牛).

-4(-â-)插入詞(infix in repetition-cpds.), constitutes a gua- or increment-form of neg. pref. a (see a2)phalāphala,所有種類的水果(all sorts of fruit (lit. what is fruit & not fruit)kāraṇākāraṇāni,所有種類的責任( all sorts of duties )khaṇḍākhaṇḍa, 點點(pêle-mêle)gaṇḍāgaṇḍa,癰腫(a mass of boils)cirācira,屢屢(continually)bhavābhava,所有的存在(all kinds of existences); rūpārūpa, 所有的蘊(the whole aggregate)

ā-,【無】一直到,等於。【介】【字首】從,向(此方), 後。

﹐【結尾】。

1.m.n.sg.Abl. buddhā從佛陀﹑rūpā  從色。

2.m.pl.Nom.Voc. rajā 諸王, 諸王!

3.f.sg.Nom. kaññā少女 gāthā        sā彼女

4.f.pl.Nom.Voc.Acc. kaññā諸少女 tā 彼女等

5.子音語尾語基的m.f.Nom.rājā bhagavā世尊 āyasmā友、尊者 arahā阿羅漢、pitā父、matā

-imhā          aor.1pl. labhimhā 願我們得到

-mantā 2 (m.pl.Nom.Voc. rajā 諸王 諸王!)

-mhā (-amhā) m.n.sg.Abl. buddhamhā 從佛

-nā    m.n.sg.inst.Abl. brahmanā=brahnumnā從梵天

-ntā   m.pl.Nom.Voc.Acc. guavantā 諸有德者

-rā (-ara, -āra) -ar 語基的m.f.sg.inst.Abl. satthārā

-sā     -as, -us語基的n.sg.inst.Abl. manasā 以意、從意

-smā(-asmā) m.n.sg.Loc. buddhasmā 於佛

-ssā       pron.f.sg.Dat.Gen.        tassā 對他、他的 

-tā(ā) m.n.sg.Instr.Abl. bhagavatā 以世尊、從世尊

-tvā   ger. katvā 做了之後  gantvā=gamitvā去了之後

-yā        1.f.sg.inst.Abl.Dat.Gen.Loc. jātiyā nadiyā

2.opt.3sg. siyā 願他有  jaññā 願他知

Ākakhati (ā+kakh(kāṅk)+-a), 希望,需要(longing, wish)ākakhi,【過】。ākakhe,

Ākakhana,【中】ākakhā,【陰】渴望的,希望,欲望。

Ākakhamāna,【現】願,需要。

Ākaḍḍhati (ā+kaḍḍh拖拉+acp. Sk. apa-karati),拉,牽引ākaḍḍhi,【過】。ākaḍḍhita,【過ākaḍḍhiyati,【被】。ākaḍḍhanta,【現

Ākaḍḍhana,【中】拖拉、牽引(pulling out),拉出(drawing away)

Ākappa(cp. Sk. ākalpaā+kappa),【陽】1.行爲(attire),舉止(appearance)2.舉止(deportment)ākappasampanna,【形】好行爲。

Ākampita(pp. of ākampeti, caus. of ā + kamp),【過】已搖動,已發抖。ākampitahadaya, 已搖動的心。

Ākara,【陽】礦,製造的地方(a mine, usually in cpd. ratanākara a mine of jewels)

Ākassati (ā+kass+a), 拖拉,拉。ākassi,【過】。

Ākāra(ā + karoti, kar),【陽】樣子,情況,境界,外表,行相(formfigureshapestatureappearanceexternal gestureaspect of the bodyexpression of the face )

Ākāsa1(ā+kās(kāś)照耀;Sk. ākāśa),【陽】天空,空間。ākasagagā,【陰】天河。ākasacārī,【形】空中飛行。ākasaṭṭha,【形】位於天空的,站立於虛空的ākasatala,【中】一棟建築物的平坦屋頂。ākasadhātu,【陰】空界,虛空元素。ākāsaṭṭhā devā,空居天,虛空天。ākasayāna,【新巴】飛機。

Ākāsa2,【陽】虛空棋(a game, playing chess “in the air” (sans voir)水野弘元譯:無盤棋)

Ākāsānañcāyatana (ākāsa虛空+ānañca無邊+āyatana),空無邊處。

Ākiñcañña (<akiñcana無任何),【中】無所有,缺少任何的所有物。ākiñcaññāyatana (ākiñcañña無任何+āyatana) 無所有處、無任何處。

Ākiṇṇa(pp. of ākirati),【過散播,散佈的。ākiṇṇavaralakkhao, 散發出高貴相。

Ākirati (ā+kir+a), 散播,散佈(to strew over, scatter, sprinkle, disperse, fill, heap)ākiri,【過】。

Ākula(ā + *kul), ākulībhūta,【形】惹事生非,糾纏的,困惑的(entangled, confused, upset, twisted, bewildered)

Ākulaka (< ākula),【形】糾纏的(entangled)

Ākulanīya (adj.) [grd. of ā + *kulāyati, DeNom. of kula] in an° not to be confounded or upset PvA.118.

Ākoana1(< ākoeti),【中】敲,擊(beating on, knocking)

Ākoana2(= ākoana1),【形】敲擊,敦促,催促,驅策,趕(馬等)

Ākoita (ākoeti的【過), 已壓縮,已篩屑,已敲擊ghaṇḍi ākoetvā,打鑼之後。

Ākoeti (ā+ku+e) (a+koṭṭeti, Sk. kuṭṭayati; BSk. ākoayati), 1.打倒,壓縮(to beat down, pound, stamp)2.敲擊(to beat, knock, thrash)ākoesi,【過】。ākoita, 【過】。Caus. II. ākoapeti J.III.361ākoita-paccākoita, 弄平,擣平(衣服) (flattened & pressed all round (of the cīvara))

Ākhu(Vedic ākhu, fr. ā + khan, lit. the digger in),【陽】鼠,老鼠(a mouse or rat)

Ākhyā,【陰】命名。ākhyikā,【陰】故事。

Ākhyāta,【中】謂語,動詞。

Āgacchati (ā+gam+a), 走過來,接近,走回來(to come to or towards, approach, go back, arive etc.)。【過】āgacchi, āgami。【獨】āgantvā(=āgamitvā),來了之後。【過āgata

Āgacchanta, (āgacchati的【現) 到來,接近。

Āgata, (āgacchati 的【過),【中】來,得,所得,歸,獲,發詣,至,還āgato’mhi= āgato amhi()是來。āgata, pp. < ā-gam, āgacchati; amhi, pres.1sg. < as, atthi

Āgantu(Sk. āgantu),【陽】1.偶然(occasional, incidental J.VI,358)2.來,客人,陌生人(an occasional arrival, a new comer, stranger)

Āgantuka,【三】客人,新來的人,陌生人。āgantuka,【梵】來,客,客塵,虛妄,阿揵多。āgantuka-doa,【梵】客塵。āgantukair upakleśai, āgantuka-kleśa, āgantuka-mala, āgantukatā,【梵】客塵,客塵垢,客塵煩惱。

Āgama(梵語同),【陽】1.來,傳來,走進。2.阿含經(阿含又作阿笈摩、阿伽摩、阿鋡暮、阿鋡。意譯為法歸(《長阿含經序》,不合阿含之正意)、無比法(《翻集》卷四)、法本、法藏、教法、教分、種種說、傳教、淨教、趣無(‘因一切法皆趣於畢竟空法之故,不合阿含之正意)、教、傳、歸、來、藏。即指所傳承之教說,或集其教說所成之聖典。通常係指原始佛教聖典四阿含或五阿含而言。善見律毘婆沙卷二,以阿含為容受聚集之義,指nikāya纂集之意而言。阿含,基本上是以一種言行錄的體裁﹐記述佛陀所說及其直傳弟子們的修道和傳教活動﹔闡述當時外道的學說以及佛陀對他們的批駮。其中所述佛教的基本教義有四諦﹑八正道﹑十二因緣﹑緣起﹑無常﹑無我﹑五蘊﹑四禪﹑善惡報應﹑輪迴等等。《增壹阿含經》385譯、《中阿含經》A.D.397譯、《長阿含經》413譯、《雜阿含經》A.D.435~445譯。)

Āgamana(fr. āgacchati, Sk. āgamana),【中】接近的,抵達(oncoming, arrival, approach)

Āgamayamāna,【形】等候的,期待的。

Āgameti (ā+gam+e), 等候。āgamesi,【過】。

Āgamma (āgacchati 的【獨】),【副】來了,由於,因之緣故。

Āgāmin(ā + gāmin),【形】來的,來的人(returning, one who returns)āgāmīkāla,【陽】未來。

Āgāra(巴梵同),【形】境,音譯:阿羯羅。如聲、色,是耳、目之「境」。

Āgārika,【形】房子的(belonging to the house)koṭṭhāgārika﹐守庫房者。bandhanāgārika﹐獄卒(prison-keeper)Bhaṇḍāgārika﹐守財寶者。

Āgāḷha(ā + gāḷha 1; cp. Sk. samāgāḍha),【形】強壯的,粗糙的(strong, hard, harsh, rough (of speech))

Āgilāyati (ā+gilā+ya) (Sk. glāyati, cp. gilāna), 疲倦,痛(to be wearied, exhausted or tired, to ache, to become weak or faint)āgilāyi,【過】。

Āgu(for Vedic āgas nt.),【中】罪行,罪過(guilt, offence)āgucārī,【陽】罪犯,壞人。

Āghāta(āghāta打﹑殺﹐BSk.āghāta傷害。cp.ghāta & ghāteti),【陽】嫌惡(anger, ill-will),憎恨(hatred)āghātanāghāta, 從瞋解脫。āghātapaivinaya 忍氣吞聲(repression of ill-will)āghātavatthu﹐瞋的事情。

Āghātana,【中】屠殺(slaying, striking, destroying, killing(= maraa DA.I,119)2.屠宰場(shambles, slaughter-house Vin.I,182 (gavāghātana))3.處決的地方(place of execution)

Ācamana,【中】沖洗。ācamanakumbhī,【陰】作爲沖洗的大水罐。

Ācameti (ā+cam+e), 沖洗,洗。ācamesi,【過】。

Ācaya,【陽】積,集,積聚,增益,盈滿

Ācarati (ā+car+a), 行動,練習,運行。

Ācariya(Ācarya),【陽】(依止學法的)老師,教授師,親教師,軌範師,阿闍梨(音譯),阿遮利耶(音譯)ācariyakula,【中】老師的家庭,老師的住所。ācariyadhana,【中】學費(束脩)ācariyamuṭṭhi,【陰】老師的秘藏(closed fist of the teacher,袖中秘笈esoteric doctrine)ācariyavāda,【陽】傳統的教學。Mv.A.77.ācārasamācārasikkhāpanaka ācariya(能教導正行與行止者為闍梨。)《大般涅槃經》D.16./II,100.Desito, Ānanda, mayā dhammo anantara abāhira karitvā. Natthānanda, tathāgatassa dhammesu ācariyamuṭṭhi.(阿難!我所說的法,沒有做了內部、沒有做了外部。如來的法沒有老師的秘藏(袖中秘笈) )

Ācariyānī,【陰】女老師,老師的妻子。

Ācāma,【陽】飯沸騰時的浮渣。

Ācāra,【陽】(良好)行爲,練習。ācārakusala,【形】精通於禮貌的。DA.8./II,363.(SA.6.3.)Kulaputtāti ācārakulaputtā.(良家子弟:良好行爲的種族之子)

Ācaritukāma, 不正當之欲。

Ācikkhaka, ācikkhitu,【陽】報告的人,通知者。

Ācikkhati (ā+cikkh+a), 告知,陳述,通知。ācikkhi,【過】。ācikkhita,【過】。ācikkhitvā,【獨】。ācikkhanā﹐開示。另有:desanā﹐宣說。paññāpanā﹐施設。paṭṭhapanā﹐建立。vivaraṇā﹐開顯。vibhajanā﹐分別。uttanīkamma﹐顯發。

Ācinanta,【現】累積。

Āciṇṇa (<ā+ciṇṇaācināti知道的【過), 已練習(practiced, performed)āciṇṇakappa,【陽】習慣的練習。āciṇṇasamāciṇṇa,徹底地充滿(thoroughly fulfilled)

Ācita, (Ācināti的【過) 堆積,累積

Ācināti (ā+ci+nā), 堆積,累積。ācini,【過】。

Ācīyati (ācināti的【被】), 被堆積,被累積。ācīyi,【過】。

Ācera,【陽】老師。

Ājañña,【形】好族類。

Ājānana,【中】知識。

Ājānāti (ā+ñā+nā), 知道,理解。ājāni,【過】。

Ājānīya,形】好族類。參考 ājañña

Ājīva(ā+ jīva; Sk. ājīva),【陽】生計,生活,生存(livelihood, mode of living, living, subsistence)sammā-ājīva,正命。micchā-ājīva, 邪命。 ājīvapārisuddhi, 正命清淨。ājīva-vipatti, 正命失敗。ājīva-sampadā, 具足正命。parisuddho ājīvo,清淨活命,命行清淨(合乎戒律的生活方式)uṭṭhānaphalūpajīvī na kammaphalūpajīvī,以努力(工作)來維生,不是以()業的果報來維生。《法集論根本注》(Dhammasagaṇī-mūlaṭīkā CS:p.97)Ekavīsati anesanā nāma 1.vejjakamma karoti, 2.dūtakamma karoti, 3.pahiakamma karoti, 4.gaṇḍa phāleti, 5.arumakkhana deti, 6.uddhavirecana deti, 7.adhovirecana deti, 8.natthutela pacati, 9.cakkhutela pacati, 10.veudāna deti, 11.paṇṇadāna deti, 12.pupphadāna deti, 13.phaladāna deti, 14.sinānadāna deti, 15.dantakaṭṭhadāna deti, 16.mukhodakadāna deti, 17.cuṇṇadāna deti, 18.mattikādāna deti, 19.cāṭukakamma karoti, 20.muggasūpiya, 21.pāribhaya, 22.jaghapesaniya dvāvīsatima dūtakammena sadisa, tasmā ekavīsati.((比丘)二十一種錯誤的謀生方式1.醫療、2.作使者(報信的工作)3.作差使者、4.破癰、5.傷痛處塗油、6.使嘔吐、7.使下瀉、8.灌鼻油的煎熬、9.灌眼油的煎熬、10.送竹子、11.送樹葉、12.送花、13.送水果、14.送沐浴粉、15.牙刷(齒木)16.送洗臉水、17.送竹子作禮物、18.送泥土、19.諂媚、20.豆湯語(喻半真半假,似是而非)21.撫愛(他人的孩子)22.步行運送資訊,二十二種錯誤的謀生方式,(其中)作使者相似,因此,有二十一種。) DA.2./I,235.(=MA.4./I,136.AA.2.2./II,113.)Ko ājīvoti pañca micchāvaijjā pahāya dhammena samena jīvitakappana.  Vuttañheta-- “Pañcimā, bhikkhave, vaijjā upāsakena akaraṇīyā.  Katamā pañca?  Satthavaijjā, sattavaijjā, masavaijjā, majjavaijjā, visavaijjā.  Imā kho, bhikkhave, pañca vaijjā upāsakena akaraṇīyā”ti (什麼是(優婆塞的)活命捨斷五種邪貿易,以法公正地維持生命。曾這麼說(A.5.177./III,208.):『諸比丘!在家信徒不可從事這五種買賣。是哪五種?買賣武器、買賣有情(AA.5.177./III,303.Sattavaijjāti manussavikkayo.買賣有情︰買賣人)、買賣肉、買賣酒類、買賣毒品。諸比丘!在家信徒不可從事這五種買賣。』)D.30./III,176.micchājīva pahāya sammā-ājīvena jīvika kappesi, tulākūṭa kasakūṭa mānakūṭa ukkoana vañcana nikati sāciyoga chedana vadha bandhana viparāmosa ālopa sahasākārā paivirato ahosi.(捨邪命,以正命為營生,遠離:欺斗秤、偽幣(假鈔)、錯誤的尺寸、賄賂、欺瞞、詐欺、走後門、(用手對眾生)斬切、屠宰、(以粗繩)捆綁、(山中及樹叢中)攔劫、(村、城等)搶劫、打家劫舍。)

Ājīvaka, ājīvika,【陽】一種非佛教出家人,邪命外道。

Āṭānāṭiya,【陽】〈稻竿保護經〉(Atanatiya-paritta, D.32./III,194.Moraparitta(〈孔雀保護經〉), J.II,33.)

Āṇatta, (āṇāpeti 的【過), 已被命令。

Āṇatti,【陰】指令,命令。āṇattika,【形】與指令有關係的。

Āṇā,【陰】命令。āṇāsampanna,【形】權威的,有影響的。

Āṇāpaka,【陽】指揮者,發出命令的人。

Āṇāpana,【中】發號施令。

Āṇāpeti (a+ñā+āpe), 指揮,指使。āṇāpesi,【過】。āṇatta,【過】。ānāpiya,【獨】。

Āṇi,【陰】車轄,制輪楔(the pin of a wheel-axle, a linch-pin)

Ātaka,【陽】疾病,弊病。

Ātata,【中】單面鼓。ātatavitata,【中】雙邊都包皮革的鼓。

Ātatta (ātapati 的【過), 已加熱,已燒焦。

Ātapa,【陽】陽光。

Ātapati (ā+ tap(tap)+a) 照耀。ātapi,【過】。

Ātapatta,【中】遮陽傘,傘。

Ātappa(Sk. *ātāpya, fr. ātāpa),【陽】熱心,努力(ardour, zeal, exertion)ātappakaraṇā﹐勇猛。

Ātāpa(ā + tāpa fr. tap; cp. tāpeti),【陽】赤熱,熱,熱心(glow, heat)

Ātāpana,【中】禁欲,苦修,折磨(tormenting, torture, mortification)

Ātāpī(< ātāpa, cp. BSk. ātāpin),【形】熱心的,奮發的。(Vīriyañhi kilesāna  ātāpanaparitāpanaṭṭhena ātāpoti vuccati.因為英雄本色以燒、遍燒一切煩惱之義,故稱為熱,具此熱的人稱為熱心。)(Vism.3)SA.6.3./I,204.Ātāpīti vīriyātāpena samannāgato.(熱誠(Ātāpī)具有英雄本色(vīriya)的熱誠。) M.A.57./III,107. Ātāpīti kāyikacetasikasakhātena vīriyātāpena ātāpī.熱誠以身體及心理為條件,英雄本色的熱誠為熱誠。)

Ātāpeti (ā+tap(tap)+e), 使燒,折磨(to burn, scorch)ātāpesi,【過】。

Ātuman(Vedic ātman, diaeretic form for the usual contracted attan; only found in poetry. Cp. also the shortened form tuman),【陽】自己,靈魂(self)Nom. sg. ātumo Pv IV.52 (= sabhāvo PvA.259), ātumā Nd1 69 (ātumā vuccati attā), 296 (id.), & ātumāno Nd1 351; Acc. ātumāna Sn.782 (= attāna SnA 521), 888, 918; Loc. ātume Pv.II,1311 (= attani C.).)參考 atta

Ātura(Sk.ātura, cp.BSk.ātura),【形】生病的(ill, sick, diseased),不舒服(miserable),受到影響的(affected)āturakāya﹐身體生病(《雜107》:苦患身)āturarūpa (身體生病)=abhitunna-kāya(已制服身體)āturanna﹐供給愁苦的食物(food of the miserable﹐死刑前的最後一餐(maraabhojana))āturacitta﹐心生病(《雜107》:苦患心)anātura﹐無病的。【反】anatura < an-atura, a.m.Nom.pl.an- 為否定接頭詞,接於「母音開頭」的語詞前。Dhp.(v.198)āturesu anāturā, 生病(的眾生)中沒有生病。

Ādara(Sk. ādara, prob. ā + dara),【陽】尊敬,關心,感情(consideration of, esteem, regard, respect, reverence, honour)

Ādahati1(ā + dahati1),放下,穩定( to put down, put on, settle, fix (sama ādahati=samādahati)

Ādahati2 (ā + dahati2), 燃燒(to set fire to, to burn)

Ādā, ādāya, (ādāti 的【獨】), 拿了。

Ādātabba,【義】應該拿。

Ādāti(=ādadāti) (ā+dā+a), (to take up),抓住(grasp, seize)ādiyi,【過】。

Ādā(ger. of ādāti from reduced base da of dadāti1b), (taking up, taking to oneself (= anādiyitvā; cp. the usual form ādāya))

Ādāti (Ādadāti)(ā + dadāti of dadāti base 1 dā), 接受(to take up, accept, appropriate, grasp, seize; grd. ādātabba; inf. ādātu. ger. ādā & ādāya; grd. ādeyya, caus. ādapeti. -- See also ādiyati & ādeti.

Ādāna(ā + dā),【中】拿起來,抓著(taking up, getting, grasping, seizing)

Ādāyin,【陽】拿的人(taking up, grasping, receiving)

Ādariya,【中】尊敬。anādariya,【中】漠視。

Ādāsa,【陽】鏡子。ādāsatala,【中】鏡面,鏡子的表面。M.61./I,415.109.“Ta ki maññasi, Rāhula, kimatthiyo ādāso”ti? “Paccavekkhaattho, bhante”ti. “Evameva kho, Rāhula, paccavekkhitvā paccavekkhitvā kāyena kamma kattabba, paccavekkhitvā paccavekkhitvā vācāya kamma kattabba, paccavekkhitvā paccavekkhitvā manasā kamma kattabba.(羅睺羅!於意云何?鏡有何作用?)「鏡是以省察為目的。」「羅睺羅!實如是,應省察而省察身作業,應省察而省察口作業,應省察而省察意作業。」)

Ādi(Sk. ādi),【陽】出發點,開始(starting-point, beginning),起頭(khi2 thau5,寑頭chim2 thau5)s.Nom. ādi; s.Acc. ādiṁ(= kāraaṁ);(ādimhi); s.Abl. āditopl.Nom.& Acc. ādayo【形】第一,首先。【中】等等。nt. pl. ādinīādikammika,【陽】初犯者。ādikalyāṇa,【形】美麗的最初。ādima,【形】最初的。ādibrahmacariyaka﹐梵行之初(S.12.45.指:「依於眼與色生眼識,三事和合乃有觸,緣觸而有受,緣受而有愛,緣愛而有取。如是乃此全苦蘊之集。」「依眼與色生意識,三事和合乃有觸,緣觸而有受,緣受而有愛,依彼愛之無餘、離貪、滅而有取滅,依取滅而有有滅。如是,此乃全苦蘊之滅。」等)rukkhagumbādayo (Acc. pl.) 樹、叢林等(trees, jungle etc.)ādi katvā﹐放在最前面(putting (him, her, it) first)cidhādito(=ca+idha+ādi)在此最先

Ādika,【形】等等。

Ādikammika,【陽】初犯者。Sp.Pārā.I,270.Ādikammiko nāma yo tasmi tasmi kamme ādibhūto.(初犯者︰任何處所最初犯行者。)

Ādicca,【陽】太陽。ādiccapatha,【陽】天空。ādiccabandhu,【陽】太陽的親屬,太陽的種族(佛陀稱號)

Ādito,【副】起先,從開始。

Āditta (ādippati 的【過), 已熾燒,已燃。 S.35.28.Cakkhu, bhikkhave, āditta, rūpā ādittā, cakkhuviññāṇa āditta, cakkhusamphasso āditto. Yampida cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayita sukha vā dukkha vā adukkhamasukha vā tampi āditta.  Kena āditta?  ‘Rāgagginā, dosagginā, mohagginā āditta, jātiyā jarāya maraena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi ādittan’ti.(眼為燒、色為燒、眼識為燒、眼觸為燒,凡緣此眼觸所生之受,或苦、或樂、或非苦非樂,此亦為燒。為何稱燒?染之火、瞋之火、癡之火燒,因生、老、死,因憂、悲、苦、惱、絕望而燒。)

Āditya,【梵】日,日天。āditya-maṇḍala,【梵】日。

Ādinna (ādāti 的【過), 已拿,已抓住。

Ādiya, ādiyitvā, (Ādiyati的【獨】) 拿了。

Ādiyati1 [ā + diyati, med. pass. base of dadāti4, viz. di° & dī°; see also ādāti & ādeti] 拿起來(to take up),抓住(seize on, grasp),顧慮。(這是被動的詞基,卻有主動的意義)。【潛】ādiye; imper. ādiya)。【過】ādiyi, ādiyāsi , ādapayippr. ādiyamāna-- ger. ādiyitvā (= ādā); (C. for ādiya T.); (an° not heeding; v. l. anāditvā, cp. anādiyanto not attending);(T. anādayitva not heeding), (vacana anādiyitvā not paying attention to his word), ādiya (v. l. an° for anādīya); (= ādiyitvā C.); see also ādiya2, & ādīya (an°). See also upādiyati & pariyādiyati.

Ādiyati2(ā + diyati, Sk. ādīryate, Pass. of d to splitsee etym. under darī), 分開地,分離地(to split, go asunder, break. pp. ādiṇṇa. See also avadīyati. Cp. also upādiṇṇa.)

Ādisati (ā+dis指出+a), 指出,講述,公佈。ādisi,【過】。

Ādissa, (Ādisati的【獨】), 指出了。【形】該責備的,應該指出的。

Ādīnava,【陽】悲慘的(wretchedness),缺點(disadvantage),過患(danger)DA.14./II,473.ādīnavoti doso.(過患︰腐敗。)

Ādīpita (ādīpeti 的【過), 已燃燒,已著火。

Ādīpta,【梵】火,熱,燒然。ādīpta-(āgāra-),【梵】燒然。ādīptâgāra, ādīpta-gha, ādīpta-veśman,【梵】火宅。

Ādu,【無】或,但是。

Ādeyya,【形】可拿起來的,可接受的。

Ādeva,【陽】ādevanā,【陰】悲歎,哭,深表悲痛。

Ādesa,【陽】1.指出。2.文法的替換。

Ādesanā, ādisanā,【陰】預言,猜測,指出。

Ādhāna,【中】1.放置。2.容器。3.用樹籬圍。ādhānagāhī,【陽】倔強的人,固執己見者

Ādhāra,【陽】容器,固定器,基礎,支援,臺子。ādhāraka,【中】凳子,臺子。

Ādhāvati (a+dhāv+a) 跑向。

Ādhāvana,【中】突進,猛衝。

Ādhipacca, Ādhipateyya, (adhipati+ya (抽象名詞),【中】主權,貴族權力(lordship),權力、力(power)Ps.CS:pg.1.96.Kapaajanasadisadukkhadassanena uḷārakulasadiso ādhipateyyaṭṭho pātubhavatīti. (見到雷同人之苦微不足道的,顯然變成貴族貌,為主權義) A.4.15./II,17.Etadagga, bhikkhave, ādhipateyyāna yadida– Māro pāpimā.(諸比丘!魔波旬為最自在者。)

Ādhunāti (ā+dhu+nā), 抖落,擺脫,除去。ādhuni,【過】。ādhūta,【過】。

Ādheyya,【形】屬於,應該生的(to be deposited)

Āna, āṇa,【中】呼吸,吸入。

Ānaka,【陽】半球形銅鼓(a kind of kettledrum, beaten only at one end)

Ānaya,【中】沒有債務(freedom from debt)

Ānana,【中】面,嘴。

Ānantarika(Ānantarikaya)(< an + antara + ika),【形】不間斷的(without an interval, immediately following, successive)

Ānanda(Vedic ānanda, fr. ā + nand, cp. BSk. ānandī joy Divy.37.),【陽】1.歡樂,快樂(joy, pleasure, bliss, delight)DA.I,53.(= pītiyā eta adhivacana)2.(人名)阿難(阿難陀)尊者。D.ii,145.說這位尊者是韋碟哈牟尼(Vedehamuni),是釋迦族的後裔,自然是世尊的繼承者,世尊也曾五次提到他是教法中的第一(多聞第一、具正念第一、威儀第一、具堅固第一,及近侍第一);擁有四不可思議、未曾有法;被四眾所喜愛與可意。

Ānandati (ā + nandati), 歡喜的(to be pleased or delighted )

Ānandin (< ā + nand) ,【形】歡喜的(joyful, friendly)

Ānandiya (grd. of ānandati),【形】歡喜的(enjoyable, nt. joy, feast)

Ānandī (ā + nandī, cp. Ānanda) ,【形】歡喜(joy, happiness)

Ānaya (ā + naya) ,【形】被帶來的(to be brought, in suvānaya easy to bring)

Ānayati, (=āneti) 帶來,接來。

Ānāpāna, āṇāpāṇa(āna + apāna, cpds. of an to breathe),【中】吸入和呼氣,呼吸(in haled & exhaled breath, inspiration & respiration。出入息念的方法及其利益,請見《清淨道論》(Vism.267.)、《無礙解道》、《律》〈波羅逸〉﹑〈大品〉。soasavatthukaṁ ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhāna, 出入息念業處的「十六勝行」。

Ānāpānasati,【陰】入出息念,安那般那念,安般念。

Ānisasa (ā + ni + sasa, BSk. distorted to anuśasa),【陽】效益,勝利,利益,功績(praise i. e. that which is commendable, profit, merit, advantage, good result, blessing in or from)。持戒者之五效益(1)守戒行善之持戒者,因為勤勉精進,獲大財富(appamādādhikaraa mahanta bhogakkhandha adhigacchati)(2)善名遠播(kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati)(3)無論出席任何社團,自信而心無不安(visārado upasakamati amakubhūto)(4)死時不惱亂(asammūḷho kālakaroti)(5)身壞死後,生於善趣、天界(kāyassa bhedā para maraṇā sugati sagga loka upapajjati)

Ānisada(a + sad),【中】臀部(“sit down”, bottom, behind)

Ānīta (āneti帶來的【過), 已帶來(fetched, brought (here), brought back adduced)

Ānīyamāna,【現被】被接來,被帶來。

Ānupubbī,【陰】次序,連續。ānupubbīkathā,【陰】漸進的教導

Ānubhāva(the dissociated composition form of anubhāva),【陽】力量,威力,輝煌,最高權威(greatness, magnificence, majesty, splendour)

Ānejja, Āneñja (abstr. fr. an + *añja or *ejja = *ijja),【形】不動的,靜態的,沉著的。āneñjabhisakhāra﹐不動行,指四無色禪善心。

Āneñjatā (fr. āneñja), 沉著(steadfastness Vism.330, 386.)

Āneti (ā+ni +a) 帶來,接來,獵獲,押解(to bring, to bring towards, to fetch, procure, convey, bring back)ānetabba,【義】。ānetu﹐【不】。ānetvā﹐【獨】。pp. ānīta (q. v.). -- Med. pass. ānīyati & āniyyati D.II,245 (āniyyata imper. shall be brought); M.I,371 (ppr. ānīyamāna). -- Caus. II. ānāpeti to cause to be fetched

Āpa,【陽】【中】水,液體(fluid),流動(fluidity)(【合】中變成 āpo)Dhs.#963CS:#968.Katama ta rūpa āpodhātu?  Ya 1āpo 2āpogata 3sineho 4sinehagata bandhanatta rūpassa ajjhatta vā bahiddhā vā upādiṇṇa vā anupādiṇṇa vā– ida ta rūpa āpodhātu.(什麼是色的水界’ (What is the Corporeality which is the Element of cohesion)?凡是1流動(fluidity)2流動性、3(viscosity, 由外往內聚)4黏性,5束縛(holds together),生起於內、外,或已執取、未執取,這是「色的地界」。)

Āpagā(āpa + ga of gam),【陰】河(a river)

Āpajjati (ā+pad+yaSk. āpadyate), 進入(get into),遭受、陷入(undergo),偶遇(meet with)ppr. āpajjantopot. āpajjeyyaaor. āpajji & āpādi3rd pl. āpāduger. āpajjitvāpp. āpannacaus. āpādetiāpajja(=āsajja & ālajja)

Āpaa(Sk. āpaa, ā + pa),【陽】市集,市場(a bazaar, shop)

Āpaika(< āpaa),【陽】零售商,店主(a shopkeeper, tradesman)

Āpatati (ā+pat落下+a), 落下,(to fall on to, to rush on to)āpati,【過】。āpatita,【過】。

Āpatana,【中】跌倒。

Āpatti(Sk. āpatti, fr. ā + pad, cp. apajjati & BSk. āpatti),【陰】進入,犯戒,修行上的違犯(an ecclesiastical offence)。【反】anāpatti()

Āpattika(āpatti + ka, cp. BSk. āpattika), 【形】【陽】違犯者(guilty of an offence)

Āpadā(Sk. āpad, fr. ā + pad, cp. āpajjati & BSk. āpad),【陰】不幸,苦惱(accident, misfortune, distress),台語:克虧(khik5 khui)

Āpanna (āpajjati 的【過), 1.著手過,跌入過(entered upon, fallen into, possessed of, having done)2.不幸,苦惱(unfortunate, miserable)āpannasattā,【陰】孕婦。

*Āpā & *Āvā (for āpadā, q. v.) ,【陰】不幸,苦惱(misery, misfortune J.II.317 (Loc. pl. āpāsu, v. l. avāsu, C. āpadāsu); III.12 (BB āvāsu); V.82 (avāgata gone into misery, v. l. apagata, C. apagata parihīna), 445 (Loc. āvāsu, v. l. avāsu, C. āpadāsu), 448 (āvāsu kiccesu; v. l. apassu, read āpāsu))

Āpāṇa(ā + pāṇa),【中】生命呼吸(life, lit. breathing, only in cpd. āpāṇakoi the end of life Miln.397; Dāvs III.93)āpāṇakoika,【形】命終的(M.II,120; Vism.10.)

Āpādaka,【陽】照顧孩子的人,監護人。

Āpādikā,【陰】護士,養母。

Āpādi, (āpajjati 的【過】)

Āpādeti (a+pad+e), 看護,生産。āpādesi,【過】。

Āpādetu,【陽】撫養(孩子)的人。

Āpātha,【陽】(感覺器官的)範圍。āpāthagata,【形】進入範圍的。paccuppannālambanesu āpātham āgatesu(paccuppannārammaesu āpāthagatesu), 進入現在所緣範圍。

Āpāna,【中】飲料,宴會。āpānabhūmi,【陰】āpānamaṇḍala,【中】宴會廳。

Āpānīyakasa,【陽】高腳玻璃杯,酒杯,盛飲料的碗,盛飲料的容器。

Āpāyika,【形】出生在惡道的,惡道的。

Āpucchati (ā+pucch詢問+a), 問,詢問,請允許。āpucchi,【過】。āpucchita,【過】。

Āpucchā,  āpucchiya, (Āpucchati的【獨】), 請了允許,請了假。

Āpucchitabba,【義】應該詢問。

Āpūrati (a+pūr(p / pṛṇ/ pūr)充滿+a), 充滿,增加。āpūri,【過】。

Āpūraa,【中】充填,充滿。

Āpodhātu,【陰】水元素。

Āphusati (a+phus+a), 感觸,達到。

Ābaddha, (ābandhati 的【過)

Ābandhaka,【形】綁,連接,安裝。

Ābandhati (ā+bandh+a), 綁,糾纏(台語:觸纏tak thiong3)ābandhi,【過】。

Ābādha(ā + bādh壓迫 to oppress, Vedic ābādha oppression),【陽】【形】折磨(affliction),疾病(illness, disease)。【反】anābādha, 無疾。A.10.60./V,110.aya kāyo bahu-ādīnavo? Iti imasmi kāye vividhā ābādhā uppajjanti, seyyathida--cakkhurogo sotarogo ghānarogo jivhārogo kāyarogo sīsarogo kaṇṇarogo mukharogo dantarogo oṭṭharogo kāso sāso pināso ḍāho jaro kucchirogo mucchā pakkhandikā sūlā visūcikā kuṭṭha gaṇḍo kilāso soso apamāro daddu kaṇḍu kacchu nakhasā vitacchikā lohita pitta madhumeho asā piakā bhagandalā pittasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā semhasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā vātasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā sannipātikā ābādhā utupariṇāmajā ābādhā visamaparihārajā ābādhā opakkamikā ābādhā kammavipākajā ābādhā sīta uha jighacchā pipāsā uccāro passāvo’ti.(此身生種種之疾病,謂眼病、耳病、鼻病、舌病、身病、頭病、耳朵病、口病、齒病、咳嗽、喘氣、感冒、煩熱、瘧、腹病、惛絕、下痢、疼痛、霍亂、癩病、癰病、白癩、乾痟、癩狂、癌、癢、怖、爬傷((rakhasa)巴利聖典無此語,註:有以瓜爬之病病但處)、疥瘡(vitacchikā由疥蟲引起的,症狀為皮膚發疹及劇癢)、血膽病、糖尿病、麻痺(amsa此語不明)、瘡、痔、廔、膽等起之諸病、痰等起之諸病、風等起之諸病、()和合生之諸病、季節變易所生之諸病、不平等姿勢所生之諸病、侵害所生之諸病、業異熟所生之諸病、寒、熱、飢、渴、大便、小便。)thullakacchābādho (thulla+kacchu+ābādho)﹐嚴重的皮膚病。

Ābādhika,【形】病人,染病。

Ābādhita (ābādheti 的【過), 已病,已痛苦,已壓迫。

Ābādheti (ā+bādh騷擾+e), 壓迫,騷擾。ābādhesi,【過】。

Ābhata,【過】已帶來,已傳達。

Ābharaa,【中】修飾,裝飾。

Ābhassara,【形】發光的照明聲音的ābhassarā devā光音天(晃昱天),為第二禪天之最上位,壽量為八劫。S.4.18./I,114.(=Dhp.v.200.) “Susukha vata jīvāma, yesa no natthi kiñcana; Pītibhakkhā bhavissāma, devā ābhassarā yathā”ti.(世尊回答魔說:「我的確活得非常快樂,我的確沒有任何(障礙);我以喜為食,像光音天人。」)《相應部注》(SA.4.18.)︰「像光音天人︰像光音天人以喜為滋養,以禪悅爲食。」

Ābhā,【陰】ābhāsa,【陽】光,光彩,光輝。

Ābhāti (ā+bhā+a), 發亮,發光。ābhāsi,【過】。

Abhāsati (bhāsati的【過】<bhās), 已說imamattha abhāsatha(他說這內容)

Ābhidosika,【形】昨晚的。

Ābhidhammika,【形】精通論藏的,進修論藏的。

Ābhisekika,【形】供獻的,獻祭儀式的。

Ābujati (ā+ bhuj(bhuj)使彎曲+a), 彎曲,盤繞,縮短。ābhuji,【過】。

Ābhujana,【中】蹲下,彎曲,弄髒。

Ābhoga,【陽】構思能力,想法。

Āma,【無】(表示答應的詞:)是、唯〈書〉。

Āma, āmaka,【形】生的,新鮮的,未煮過的,未成熟的。āmagandha,【陽】討厭的氣味,肉。āmakasusāna,【中】停屍林,爲了讓野獸吃而丟棄屍體的場所。Pāci.IV,264Āmakadhañña nāma sāli vīhi yavo godhumo kagu varako kudrusako.(生穀(即七穀)sāli (泰國說「小麥」wheat) vīhi 稻穀、yava 大麥(泰國說糯米’glutinous rice)godhūma 小麥(泰國說「野豌豆」tares)kagu (小米、粟millet or sorghum)varaka (泰國說「薏苡仁」Job’s tears)kudrūsaka 穀類))

Āmaṭṭha (āmasati 的【過), 已接觸,已觸摸。

Āmattika,【中】陶器,瓦器。

Āmaddana,【中】壓()碎。

Āmantana,【中】呼叫,邀請,稱呼。āmantanavacana,【中】呼格。

Āmantā﹐然,確定。

Āmantita, (Āmanteti的【過) 呼叫,稱呼,邀請

Āmanteti (ā+mant討論+e), 呼叫,喊(台語:hiam3)說,邀請(to call, address, speak to, invite, consult)āmantesi(in poetry āmantayi),【過】。【獨】āmantetvā, āmanta (= Sk. *āmantrya)【過āmantita. caus. II. āmantāpeti.

Āmaya,【陽】疾病。

Āmalaka,【中】amalakī,【陰】餘甘子,菴摩羅果,醋粟,山楂( Amatā)

Āmasati (ā+ma+a), 觸,輕拍,擦。āmasi,【過】。āmasita āmaṭṭha,【過】。

Āmasana,【中】觸摸,摩擦。

Āmā,【陰】女奴隸。

Āmāsaya ma+āsaya),【陽】胃。

Āmāvasesa ma+avasesa剩餘)﹐胃的殘食。

Āmisa(āmia),【中】食物,肉,餌,利益,財貨。【形】材料。āmisadāna,【中】佈施必需品(即:食物,居所等)

Āmuñcati (ā+muc釋放+-a), 穿上(服裝),穿著。āmuñci,【過】。

Āmutta (Āmuñcati的【過), 已穿,已裝飾。

Āmeṇḍita,【中】驚呼。

Āmo﹐【無】(表示答應的詞:)是、唯〈書〉。參考 āma

Āmoda,【陽】1.快樂。2.強烈的芬芳。

Āmodati (ā+mud歡樂+a) 歡喜。āmodi,【過】。āmodita,【過】。

Āmodanā,【陰】欣喜,高興。

Āmodamāna,【現】高興的,歡喜的。

Āmodeti 【使】(ā+mud歡樂+e), 喜悅。āmodesi,【過】。

Āya,【陽】收入,利潤。āyakammika,【陽】領取收入的人。āyakosalla,【中】聰明於增加收入。āyamukha,【中】流入,帶來收入的。

Āyata, Āyataka,【形】1.長的,延長(long. extended, prolonged, kept up, lasting)2.突然(sudden, abrupt)

Āyatana(Sk. āyatana, not found in the Vedas; but freq. in BSk. From ā + yam檢查((yam / yach抵達)),【中】1.界,範圍,區域,位置(stretch, extent, reach, compass, region; sphere, locus, place, spot; position, occasion)2.努力工作(exertion, doing, working, practice, performance)3.處,入處,知覺的層次(sphere of perception or sense in general, object of thought, sense-organ & object; relation, order)dvādasāyatanāni(十二處)cakkhāyatana,  rūpāyatana, sotāyatana, saddāyatana, ghānāyatana, gandhāyatana, jivhāyatana, rasāyatana,  kāyāyatana, phoṭṭhabbāyatana, manāyatana, dhammāyatana.( 眼處、色處、耳處 、聲處、鼻處、香處、舌處、味處、身處、觸處、意處、法處。) channa ajjhattikāna āyatanāna(cha ajjhattikāyatanāni),內六處(內六入)channa bāhirāna āyatanāna(cha bāhirāyatanāni),外六處(外六處)āyatana 3). These are: (1) cakkhu (eye) which deals with the sight of form (rūpa); (2) sota (ear) dealing with the hearing of sound (sadda); (3) ghāna (nose) with the smelling of smells (gandha); (4) jivhā (tongue), with the tasting of tastes (rasa); (5) kāya (touch), with the touching of tangible objects (phoṭṭhabba); (6) mano, with the sensing (viññāya) of rational objects or cognisables (dhamma). Thus it is the sensus communis (Mrs. Rh. D. Buddh. Psych. 140, 163)SA.12.2./II,13.Āyatanānanti ettha tatra tatra uppajjamānāyatanavasena sagaho veditabbo.(︰當知此處收集這裡那裡之生起處。)

Āyatanika,【形】界的,區域的。

Āyati,【陰】未來。āyatika,【形】未來的。

Āyatikā,【陰】管,水管。

Āyatta,【形】持有,依靠的。【中】所有物。

Āyasa,【形】鐵製的。

Āyasmant (<āyu +mant,參考[ āyusmant具壽] ), 1.【形】具壽的。2.【陽】具壽(他譯:尊者)s.Nom. āyasmāāyamsantop.Nom. āyasmantoāyasmantās.Acc. āyasmantaāyasmantop.Acc. āyasmantaāyasmantes.Ins. Abl. āyasmatāp.Ins. āyasmantehip.Dat. Gen. āyasmantanas.Voc. āyasmāāyasmantap.Voc. āyasmantoāyasmantās.Loc. āyasmantep.Loc. āyasmantesu

Āyasmantu,【形】莊嚴的,值得尊敬的。

Āyācaka,【形】請求者,申請者。

Āyācati (ā+yāc+a) 請求,懇求。āyāci,【過】。āyācita,【過】。

Āyācanā,【陰】āyācana,【中】請求,申請。

Āyācamāna,【形】懇求的。

Āyācikā,【陰】請求的女人。

Āyāta, (Āyāti的【過) 來,接近

Āyāti (ā+yā+a), 來,接近。opt. āyantu, 您們來。

Āyāma,【陽】長度。【形】(在【合】中) 的長度。

Āyāsa,【陽】麻煩,愁(trouble, sorrow)anāyāsa,【形】祥和,無悲傷(peaceful, free from trouble)

Āyu(Āyus),【中】年齡,壽命,壽量。..āyuāyu;複.āyūāyūni;單..āyuāyu;複.āyūāyūni;單..āyuāyu;複..āyūāyūni;單..﹑離.āyusāāyunā;複..﹑離.āyūbhiāyūhi;單..﹑屬.āyussaāyuno;複..﹑屬.āyūnaāyusa;單.āyusiāyuni;複..āyusuāyuka,【形】有的年齡。āyukappa,【陽】生命期。āyukkhaya,【陽】壽終。āyusakhaya,【陽】善終。āyusakhāra (āyu +sakhāra一起作),【陽】生命的法則,壽命的長度。

Āyutta (āyuñjati 的【過】;Sk. āyukta; pp. of ā + yuj), 已把套上軛,已連接,已投入於(yoked, to connected with, full of; intent upon, devoted to )

Āyuttaka(āyutta + ka),【陽】【形】代理人,受託人。

Āyudha (Vedic form) (=āvudhawith v for y as frequently in Pāli),【中】武器(weapon)

Āyusmant,【形】具壽。

Āyussa (āyus[] +ya (形容詞化)),【形】長壽的。

Āyūhaka,【形】活躍的,努力的人,收集的人。

Āyūhana,【中】1.努力。2.積聚。kammāyūhanakāle, 業累積成熟時。

Āyūhati (ā+yūh+a)(ā + y + ūhati with euphonic y, fr. Vedic ūhati, ūh1, a gradation of vah), lit. to push on or forward, aim at, go for, 1.努力(to endeavour, strain, exert oneself)2.累積(to be keen on (w. Acc.), to cultivate, pursue, do) (= karoti); (kamma ūyūhitvā), (kamma āyūhi).3.游泳。āyūhi,【過】。āyūhita,【過】。anāyūha, 【現】努力(unstriving (= viriya karoti)), (= vāyamati).

Āyūhāpeti (<āyūhati)【使】使努力。

Āyoga,【陽】1.熱愛。2.努力。3.繃帶。

Āra,【陽】針。āragga,【中】針或錐子的尖端。ārapatha,【陽】針路徑。

Ārakatta,【中】被遠離的境界。

Ārakā,【無】遠離,隔離,在遠處的。

Ārakūṭa,【陽】黃銅。

Ārakkhaka,【陽】守衛,保護者,巡夜者,看守人。

Ārakkhā,【陰】1.保護。2.照料,看守。

Āraññaka, āraññika  (arañña遠離地+ka (形容詞化)),【形】森林的,住在森林的,住遠離地(遠離社區)āraññaka bhikkhuāraññiko bhikkhu無事比丘、林住比丘。《瞿尼師經》(Goliyānisutta),具壽舍利弗告諸比丘:無事比丘當學:()對於諸同梵行者,應存尊重與恭順(sagāravena bhavitabba sappatissena)()到僧伽中,依僧伽住者,應善巧安排座席(āsanakusalena bhavitabba)()不應過早入村,不應過午歸(nātikālena gāmo pavisitabbo nātidivā paikkamitabba)()應行為良好(ābhisamācārikopi dhammo jānitabbo.)()不應於食前、食後訪問諸善家(purebhatta pacchābhatta kulesu cāritta āpajjitabba)()應修習不驕傲、(衣、缽、住處不)變化多端(anuddhatena bhavitabba acapalena)( 裝飾)()不應具饒舌、雜語(amukharena bhavitabba avikiṇṇavācena)()應好教(ㄐㄧㄠ)、具善友(suvacena bhavitabba kalyāṇamittena)()應守護根門(indriyesu guttadvārena bhavitabba)() 應修習於食知量(bhojane mattaññunā bhavitabba)(十一)應修習警寤(jāgariya anuyuttena bhavitabba)(十二)應修習具發勤精進(āraddhavīriyena bhavitabba)(十三)應修習具念近住(upaṭṭhitassatinā bhavitabba)(十四)應修習具入定(samāhitena bhavitabba)(十五)應修習具智慧(paññavatā bhavitabba)(做衣服等應該做的事)(十六)應修習阿毘達摩、勝律(abhidhamme abhivinaye)(及其註解書)(十七)應修習超越諸色入無色之寂靜解脫(santā vimokkhā atikkamma rūpe āruppā)(十八)應修習超人法(uttari manussadhamme, 在此指出世間法(lokuttaradhamme))。修習此法不獨無事比丘行之,人間比丘更應如此。(《中阿含26經》瞿尼師經,只有十三項,缺四、五、六、九、十二)(M.69./I,469-473.)

Āraññakatta,【中】住在森林的情況。

Ārañjita,【過】已犁,已砍傷,已擦。【中】疤痕。

Ārata, (āramati 的【過), 已遠離,已自製。

Ārati (Sk. ārati, ā + ram),【陰】避離,停止(leaving off, abstinence)《吉祥經注》(KhA.5-11./p.142.)āratī viratīti ettha āratīti āramaa, viratīti viramaa, viramanti vā etāya sattāti virati.(遠離、離諸惡18遠離遠避19(諸惡)︰有情以放棄或避開來棄離(殺、盜、邪淫、妄語之惡)) Nd2A.CS:pg.10.Āratīti ārakā ramana. Viratīti tāya vinā ramana.(遠離︰遠離享樂。︰沒有享樂。)

Āraddha (ārabhati ‘確立的【獨】;pp. of ā + rabh), 1.首先,談到,關於。2.確保,確立,已變堅實(undertaking, holding on to, resolved, firm)

Āraddhacitta (āraddha確立【過+citta),【形】心已被確立(concentrated of mind, decided, settled)

Āraddhaviriya (āraddha確立【過+viriya英雄本色) (=vīriya ārabhati),【形】直譯:勇悍。已被確立,已成為全然的精進,已慇懃精進,已發勤精進(aroused energy);古譯:發勤精進,慇懃精進S.21.3./ II,276.‘Idha, Moggallāna, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati--kāma taco ca nhāru ca aṭṭhī ca avasissatu, sarīre upasussatu masalohita, ya ta purisathāmena purisavīriyena purisaparakkamena pattabba na ta apāpuitvā vīriyassa saṇṭhāna bhavissatīti. Eva kho, Moggallāna, āraddhavīriyo hotī’ti.(目犍連!於此,有比丘發勤精進住,意志堅定地剩下皮、腱、骨,身體的血肉枯乾,依人之活力,人之英雄本色,人之超常狀態,不起於英雄本色之座,可達不能達。目犍連!如是為發勤精進。)《雜阿含503經》世尊言:「目揵連!若此比丘,晝則經行、若坐,以不障礙法自淨其心;初夜若坐、經行,以不障礙法自淨其心;於中夜時,出房外洗足,還入房右脅而臥,足足相累,繫念明相,正念、正知,作起思惟;於後夜時,徐覺、徐起,若坐亦經行,以不障礙法自淨其心;目揵連!是名比丘慇懃精進。」

Āraddhā, (ārabhati‘開始的【獨】), 開始了,發動,發揮。

Ārabbha (ind.) (ger. of ārabhati2 in abs. function; cp. Sk. ārabhya meaning since, from), 1.開始後,進行後(beginning, under taking etc., in cpd. ārabbhavatthu occasion for making an effort, concern, duty, obligation) 2.關於((prep. with Acc.) lit. beginning with, taking (into consideration), referring to, concerning, with reference to, about)3.依存。

Ārabhati1 (<rabh, identical with Sk.ālabhate, ā+labh 捕捉犧牲品以便宰殺,cp.nirārambha) 殺。ārabhi,【過】。【陽....ārabhato

Ārabhati2 & Ārabbhati(ā+rabhati, Sk. ārabhati & ārambhati, ā+rabh開始 (rabh勤加), 開始,確立(to begin, start, undertake, attempt)viriya ārabhati發勤精進 (cp.ārambha)【過】ārabhi & ārabbhi【獨】ārabbha, ārabhitvā【過āraddha

Ārabhana,【中】出發,開始。

Āramaa, Āramana,【中】1.停止(cessation),迴避(keeping away from)2.快樂、高興(delighting in, enjoyment)

Āramati (āramati), 1.停止(ceases, stop, leaves off),迴避(keeps away from)2.快樂,高興(delights in)

Ārambha(<ā+rabh (rambh)Sk.ārambha in meaning “beginning”),【陽】1.嘗試(attempt),努力(effort)2.支持(support),目標(object)

Ārammaa(ā+ram執取﹑喜歡);梵ālambaa(ā+lamb掛上),【中】感官的對象(所緣)(preoccupation; mental object),目標(object)ārammaapaccaya﹐所緣緣。《發趣論》(Paṭṭhāna)(CS:p.1.1):「所緣緣(ārammaapaccayo)1.~5.(、聲、香、味、觸)處是依眼(、耳、鼻、舌、身)識界及(眼識界)相應諸法之所緣緣為緣。6.色處、聲處、香處、味處、觸處是依意界(manodhātu,於南方論藏謂五門轉向與二種領受之三)及其相應諸法之所緣緣為緣。7.一切諸法(意識界是以色非色之一切法為所緣。意界是唯以五境為所緣)是依。意識界(89心之中,除二種五識與意界之三為76)及其相應諸法之所緣緣為緣。凡緣如如諸法而如如之諸法即諸心心所法生者,則如是如是之諸法是依如是如是之諸心心所法之所緣緣為緣。」

Ārammaika,【中】能緣(能覺知的心)

Ārā,【無】在遠處,遠離,遙遠的。ārācārī,【三】遠離而住。

Ārā,【陰】錐子(awl)

Ārācārin (ārā遠離+cārin),【形】遠離的行。

Ārādhaka,【陽】邀請的人,勸解的人,成就的人。

Ārādhanā,【陰】邀請,成就,嬴得贊同。

Ārādheti (ā+rādh+e), 邀請,取悅,贏得好意,達到。ārādhesi,【過】。ārādhita,【過】。ārādheyya,【義】。

Ārāma,【陽】1.快樂,高興。2.公園。3.寺院。ārāmapāla,【陽】公園的看守員。ārāmaropa,【陽】種植者。ārāmavatthu,【中】花園的地點。ārāmika,【陽】寺院的侍從,【形】寺院的。

Ārāmatā,【陰】執著,附著。

Ārāva,【陽】哭聲,噪音。

Āruppa,【中】【陽】無色衆生,無實體的衆生,無色界。

Āruyha, (Āruhati的【獨】) 登上,爬上,攀登。

Āruhati (ā+ruh上升+a) 登上,爬上,攀登。āruhi,【過】。

Āruhana,【中】登上,攀登。

Āruhanta (Āruhana的【現) 登上,攀登。

Ārūḷha, (āruhati 的【過), 已乘(),已乘()

Ārogya(abstr.fr.aroga, i.e.ā (= a2)+roga+ya),【中】無病、健康(absence of illness, health)ārogyamada,陽】健康的自傲。ārogyasālā,【陰】醫院,療養院。

Ārocanā,【陰】公告。

Ārocāpana,【中】由一個代理人公告或報告。

Ārocāpeti, (āroceti 的【使】)令告知,令公佈。ārocāpetvā,【獨】。

Ārocita (Āroceti的【過), 已吩咐,已通知。

Āroceti (ā+ruc發光+e), 吩咐,告知,公佈。ārocesi,3.過】。ārocesu,3.過】。

Ārodanā,【陰】哭,悲歎。

Āropana,【中】放在,上升起,把交托給。

Āropita, (Āropeti的【過) 穿上,檢舉,準備好

Āropeti (ā+rup栽種+e), 穿上,檢舉,準備好。āropesi,3s.過】。āropesu,3p.過】。āropetabba,【義】。āropetvā,【獨】

Āroha, ārūha(< ā + ruh),【陽】爬上,生長,增加(climbing up, growth, increase, extent, in cpd. ārohapariṇāha, (length & circumference)hatthārohā, 象軍。assārohā,馬軍。(°māna + pariṇāha-māna); SnA 382. assāroha, 騎馬。hatthāroha, 騎象。

Ārohaka,【陽】騎士。

Ārohati, 登上,攀登。參考 āruhati

Ārohana,【中】攀登,登上。

Ālaggita, (Ālaggeti的【過) 在,拴緊。

Ālaggeti (ā+lag +e), 懸掛在,拴緊。ālaggesi,【過】。

Ālapati (a+lap嘮叨+a), 交談,稱呼ālapi,【過】。

Ālapana,【中】致詞,會話。ālapanā,【呼,陰】懇求。

Ālamba,【陽】1.支援。2.幫助。3.任何可倚賴的。

Ālambati (ā+lab +-a), 靠著,抓住。ālambi,【過】。ālambita,【過】。

Ālambana,【中】1.感官的對象(所緣)2.懸掛下。3.支援。

Ālambara,【陽】一種鼓。

Ālaya(cp. Sk. ālaya, ā + lī(執著)līyate, cp. allīna & allīyati, also nirālaya),【陽】【中】阿賴耶(音譯)1.住所,棲息所,臥室(orig. roosting place, perch)2.需要、執著(“hanging on”, attachment, desire, clinging, lust)3.僞裝(pretence, pretext, feint)(DhA.(v.411)ālayāti tahā.(阿賴耶即渴愛)。《普端嚴》(Sp.Mv.V,962.CS:p.243)Ālayarāmāti sattā pañca kāmague allīyanti, tasmā te “ālayā”ti vuccanti.  Tehi ālayehi ramantīti ālayarāmā. Ālayesu ratāti ālayaratā. Ālayesu suṭṭhumuditāti ālayasammuditā.(樂阿賴耶黏住五欲,它們稱為阿賴耶它們樂於諸執著,稱為樂阿賴耶欣阿賴耶:欣於諸執著,稱為欣阿賴耶喜阿賴耶於諸執著,非常歡執著,稱為喜阿賴耶。)

Ālasiya, ālasya,【中】怠惰,懶惰。

Ālāna, āḷāna,【中】樹樁,(繫象的)柱。

Ālāpa,【陽】1.談話,交談。2.詞,話。

Āli,【陰】堤防,築堤。

Ālikhati (ā+likh+a) 描繪,畫像。ālikhi,【過】。ālikhita,【過】。

Āligati (a+lig+a), 擁抱(台語:攬lam2)āligi,【過】。

Āligana,【中】擁抱。

Āligiya,【獨】擁抱了。

Ālitta, (ālimpati ālimpeti 的【過), 已塗,已沾染,已放火。

Ālinda,【陽】在房子門前的陽臺(verandah)

Ālimpana,【中】1.塗。2.燒。

Ālimpita, (Ālimpeti的【過) 塗上,塗抹

Ālimpeti, ālimpesi,【過】。

Ālimpeti1 (ā+lip+eSk. ālimpayati or ālepayati. ā + lip or limp) 塗上,塗抹(to smear, anoint)Caus. II. ālimpāpeti Vin.IV,316. Pass. ālimpīyati Miln.74 & ālippati DhA.IV,166 (v. l. for lippati). pp. ālitta (q. v.).

Ālimpeti2(for Sk. ādīpayati, with change of d to l over and substitution of limp for ḷīp after analogy of roots in °mp, like lup > lump, lip > limp), 點火,縱火(to kindle, ignite, set fire to Vin.II,138 (dāyo ālimpetabbo); III.85; D.II,163 (citaka); A.I,257; DhA.I,177 (āvāsa read āvāpa), 225; PvA.62 (kaṭṭhāni). -- pp. ālimpita (q. v.).

Ālu([Sk. ālu & āluka],【中】可食用的樹根或球莖(Radix Globosa Esculenta or Amorphophallus (Kern), Arum Campanulatum (Hardy))

Ālua (< ā + lul) 被推動、困惑(being in motion, confusion or agitation, disturbed, agitated J.VI,431.)

Āluati(ā + lul; Sk. ālolati, cp. also P. āloeti)動來動去(to move here & there, ppr. med. āluamāna agitated, whirling about DhA.IV,47 (T. ālūl°; v. l. āḷul°) confuse DhsA.375. Caus. ālueti to set in motion, agitate, confound J.II,9, 33. -- pp. āluita (q. v.).

Āluita [pp. of ālueti] agitated, confused J.II,101; Miln.397 (+ khalita).

Ālepa [cp. Sk. ālepa, of ā + lip] ointment, salve, liniment Vin.I,274; Miln.74; DhsA.249.

Ālepana (nt.) [fr. ā + lip] anointing, application of salve D.I,7 (mukkh°).誘騙。

Āluita, (Ālueti的【過) 攪動,使混淆

Ālueti (ā+lu激起+e), 攪動,使混淆。āluesi,【過】。

Ālepa,【陽】藥膏,石膏。

Ālepana,【中】塗抹,塗以灰泥,敷以膏藥。

Āloka,【陽】光。ālokasaññā,【陽】光明想。SA.51.20./III,260.Ālokasaññā suggahitā hotīti yo bhikkhu agae nisīditvā ālokasañña manasi karoti, kālena nimīleti, kālena ummīleti. Athassa yadā nimīlentassāpi ummīletvā olokentassa viya ekasadisameva upaṭṭhāti, tadā ālokasaññā jātā nāma hoti.(善持光明想:若比丘在空曠地坐好,時而閉眼時而開眼,作光明想。那時閉眼(光明)就好像開眼一樣存續,此時即生起光明想。)專注於月光,或不搖晃的燈光,或照在地上的光,或穿過牆縫照在另一道牆上的光線,作為修習光明遍的目標

Ālokana,【中】1.窗戶。2.看著。

Ālokasandhi,【陽】窗戶,讓光照入的洞口。

Ālokita (Āloketi的【過),【中】看著,向前看。

Āloketi (ā+lok+e), 看著,向前看。ālokesi,【過】。ālokita,【過】。āloketabba,【義】。A.8.9./IV,167.Sace bhikkhave, Nandassa puratthimā disā āloketabbā hoti, sabba cetasā samannāharitvā Nando puratthima disa āloketi– ‘eva me puratthima disa ālokayato nābhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssavissantī’ti. Itiha tattha sampajāno hoti.(諸比丘!若難陀應看東方時,集中一切心之後,難陀才看東方,():『如是我當看東方,令貪、憂之惡不善法不漏入。』如是,於其處而有正知。) 應看西方、北方、南方、上、下、四維,也同樣作法。

Ālopa1(ā + lup, cp. ālumpati; BSk. ālopa),【陽】一口(食物),一點點(a piece (cut off), a bit (of food) morsel, esp. bits of food gathered by bhikkhus)ālopika (在【合】中),【形】一口的(食物)

Ālopa2﹐打劫。DA.1./I,80.Ālopo vuccati gāmanigamādīna vilopakaraa.(打劫:村、城等搶劫)

Āloa,【陽】激動,混亂,喧囂。

Āloeti (ā+lu激起+e), 搞亂,混雜,混合。āloesi,【過】。

Āḷāhana,【中】火葬場所。āḷāhanakicca,【中】火葬。āḷāhanaṭṭhāna,【中】火葬處。

Āvajjana (<āvaṭṭeti), 轉向(turn towards)āvajjana-vasitā﹐轉向自在,是能夠隨心所欲、輕易及迅速地轉向「似相」,再傾向於禪那(禪支)的能力。

Āvajjati (ā+vajj+a), 1.思索。2.()翻倒。āvajji,【過】。

Āvajjita (Āvajjeti的【過), 1.已考慮。2.已翻轉,已轉向。

Āvajjeti (ā+vajj +e), 1.沉思。2.觀察。3.翻轉。āvajjesi,【過】。āvajjenta,【現】。

Āvaa (āvarati 的【過), 已複蓋,已戴(面紗),已禁止。

Āvaṭṭa,【陽】1.圓周。2.漩渦。3.扭轉的。

Āvaṭṭati (ā+vaṭṭ+a), 轉向前的又轉向後的,旋轉。āvaṭṭi,【過】。

Āvaṭṭana,【中】1.旋轉的。2.誘惑。3.著魔被魔鬼控制了的狀態。āvaṭṭī Ālua (adj. [fr. ā + lul] being in motion, confusion or agitation, disturbed, agitated J.VI,431.

Āvaṭṭeti (ā+vaṭṭ+e),1.旋轉。2.誘騙,轉換。

Āvatta 【形】(āvattati 的【過), 已後退。【中】旋緊,旋轉,彎曲。

Āvattaka, āvattī,【形】回來,返回的人。

Āvattati (ā+vat+a), 回去,回過頭。āvatti,【過】。āvattita,【過】。

Āvattana,【中】轉,回返。

Āvattiya,【形】可轉的,可歸還的。

Āvatteti, 1.旋轉。2.誘騙,轉換。參考 āvaṭṭeti

Āvatthika,【形】適合的,最初的,原始的。

Āvaraa(<ā+v),【中】關閉,障礙,棒(用作柵欄),屏(掩蔽物)

Āvaraṇīya,【形】阻礙的,障礙的。

Āvarati (ā+var +a), 關在外面,遮住,阻隔。āvari,【過】。

Āvarita, (Āvarati的【過) 關在外面,遮住,阻隔。

Āvariya,【獨】阻隔了。

Āvalī,【陰】排,線。

Āvasati (ā+vas+a) 居住,住,居。āvasi,【過】。āvasanta, 【現】。

Āvasatha(Sk. āvasatha, fr. ā + vas),【陽】住所,住處,休息的房子(dwelling-place, habitation; abode, house, dwelling)Pāci.IV,303 (CS:p.399)Āvasathacīvara nāma “Utuniyo bhikkhuniyo paribhuñjantū”ti dinna hoti.(月華衣(月經布)︰提供比丘尼月經使用的()Pāci.IV,71 (CS:Pāci.pg.97)Āvasathapiṇḍo nāma pañcanna bhojanāna aññatara bhojana-- sālāya vā maṇḍape vā rukkhamūle vā ajjhokāse vā anodissa yāvadattho paññatto hoti.  Agilānena bhikkhunā saki bhuñjitabbo.  Tato ce uttari ‘bhuñjissāmī’ti paiggahāti, āpatti dukkaassa.  Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.(公共施食處︰五種正食的某一個食物。在廳堂、暫時的棚、樹下、露天、.無限制的、就個人的需要及主意。無病比丘(只可)一次乞食。如果接受超過那(限量)‘我將吃的,犯惡作。塞滿、再塞滿,犯懺悔。)

Āvaha, āvahanaka,【形】(在【合】中), 帶來的,含有的,有助於的,有益於的。sukhamāvaha, 帶來快樂。

Āvahati (ā+vah+a) 帶來,引起,導致,有利於。āvahi,【過】。

Āvahana,【中】帶來,運輸。

Āvāṭa,【陽】深坑。āvāṭesuya

Āvāpa,【陽】陶工的火爐,烤箱。台語:烘爐。

Āvāsa,【陽】家,住宅,寺院。āvāsika,【形】居民。āvāsikavatta , ()住者的職責durāvāsā gharā dukhā,居家有難住之苦。DhA.v.302.Durāvāsāti yasmā pana ghara āvasantena rājūna rājakicca, issarāna issarakicca vahitabba, parijanā ceva dhammikā samaabrāhmaṇā ca sagahitabbā. Eva santepi gharāvāso chiddaghao viya mahāsamuddo viya ca duppūro. Tasmā gharāvāsā nāmete durāvāsā dukkhā āvasitu, teneva kāraena dukkhāti attho.(居家難住苦:因為住家(身為在家人),要作國王的國王差事,要作主人的主人差事;款待隨從、沙門、婆羅門;雖然這樣居家,像有破裂的水壺難添滿的,像大海難添滿的。所以居家有難住之苦,以這個原因說是苦。)

Āvāha(ā + vshana, of vah),【陽】āvāhana,【中】1.婚娶,婚禮(marriage, taking a wife,= āvāha-karaa). 2.聚眾( “getting up, bringing together”, i. e. a mass, a group or formation, in senāvāha a contingent of an army)

Āvi(Sk. āvi),【無】公開地,在眼前(clear, manifest, evident; openly, before one’s eyes, in full view.)āvi vā raho﹐公開或背地裡(openly or secret)āvikamma﹐澄清(making clear, evidence, explanation)āvikaroti﹐澄清(to make clear, show, explain)āvibhavati(āvibhoti)﹐使明朗化(to become visible or evident, to be explained, to get clear)

Āvijjhati (āviñjati, āviñchati) (ā+vidh(vyadh / vidh)貫穿+ya), 1.環繞,繞著地走,繞著地旋轉(to encircle, encompass, comprise, go round, usually in ger. āvijjhitvā (w. Acc.))2.刺穿( to pierce)āvijjhi,【過】。go round (Acc.)  (chārika-puñja). 2. [as in lit. Sk.] to swing round, brandish, twirl, whirl round (daṇḍa āviñji); (matthena āviñjati to churn); (cakka, of a potter’s wheel); (T. āviñj°, v. l. āvijjh°; see āracaya°); (āviñchamāna T.; v. l. āsiñciy°, āvajiy°, āgañch°). 3. to resort to, go to, approach, incline to (T. āviñch°; v. l. avicch° & āviñj°);.4. to arrange, set in order J II.406. <-> 5. to pull (?) A.IV,86 (kaṇṇasotani āvijjeyyāsi, v. l. āvijj°, āviñj°, āvicc°, āviñch°). pp. āviddha.

Āvijjhana(so for āviñchana & āviñjana)(<āvijjhati, lit. piercing through, i. e. revolving axis ),【形】【中】繞著地走,繞著地旋轉。

Āviñjati (ā+vij +-a), 1.如在擠奶一般地拉。2.攪拌,攪動。āviñji,【過】。

Āviñjanaka,【形】1.〈空〉繞行星返地軌道的。2.極其不拘禮節的,散漫的。3.爲拉用的。āviñjanakarajju,【陰】1.升起門閂的繩子。2.攪乳牛奶用的旋轉粗繩。āviñjanakanaṭṭhāna,【中】門外懸掛的粗繩(作爲提升門內的門閂)

Āviṭṭha, (āvisati進入的【過) 進入

vin【結尾】。過去主動分詞 katāvin已做,sutāvin已聞。

Āviddha, (āvijjhati環繞的【過) 環繞

Āvila,【形】1.煽起的,攪動的。2.骯髒的。

Āvilatta,【中】被攪動的情況,骯髒的情況。

Āvisati (ā+vis進入+a), 1.接近。2.著魔。āvisi,【過】。

Āvuṇāti (ā+vu +nā), 1.串起。2.固定在,裝置在。āvui,【過】。

Āvuta (Āvarati Āvuṇāti的【過), 1.已串起。2.蓋。3.已阻礙。

Āvuttha (Āvasati 的【過), 已有人居住。

Āvudha(=Āyudha),【中】武器。

Āvuso(a contracted form of āyusmanto pl.of āyusman, of which the regular Pāli form is āyasmant, with v for y as frequently in Pāli),【陽..呼】朋友(friend, brother, Sir)(對低戒臘的比丘的禮貌上的稱呼),有時古譯作:君。【陽..呼】朋友(friends, brothers, Sirs)。若對上輩之親切稱呼(piyavacanameta),通常用āyasmā(āyumat),可譯作慧命、具壽等。

Āvehana(ā +vehana, veṣṭ), 【中】旋繞的(rolling up),團繞在一起(winding up),圓(round)

Āveheti (ā+veh+e), 擰,扭曲,卷,包起來。āvehesi,【過】。āvehita,【過】。

Āveika,【形】特別的,例外的。

Āvelā,【陰】頭戴的花環。

Āvellita,【過】已彎,已彎曲,已弄卷。

Āvesana,【中】1.入口。2.工場。

ās﹐【字根I.】坐著(to sit)

Āsakati (ā+sak+-a), 嫌疑,不信任。āsaki,【過】。

Āsakā,【陰】疑惑,懷疑,恐懼。

Āsakita (āsakati 嫌疑的【過), 已惴惴不安,已可疑,已疑神疑鬼。

Āsakī,【形】惴惴不安的,可疑的。參考 āsakita嫌疑

Āsajja, (āsādeti 的【獨】), 接近了,侮辱,碰撞。

Āsajjati (ā+sad+ya), 撞,很生氣,執著。āsajji,【過】。

Āsajjana,【中】1.碰撞。2.侮辱。3.執著。

Āsati (ās+a), 坐。āsi,【過】。

Āsatta1 (āsajjati 的【過), 已附上,已執著。

Āsatta2﹐已被詛咒。

Āsatti (ā+sañj掛起來),【陰】牽掛(attachment, hanging on)

Āsada [ā+sad; cp.āsajja & āsādeti] 接近(approach)處理(dealing with)durāsada, 難坐。

Āsana1(<āsati),【中】坐下(sitting, sitting down),座位(a seat),龕(throne)āsanaka﹐【中】小座位。āsanasālā,【陰】有座位的廳堂。ekāsana獨坐(sitting alone, a solitary seat)

Āsana2 (?) (eating)(Vism.116)

Āsandi(<ā + sad),【陰】長椅(an extra long chair, a deck-chair)DA.1./I,86Āsandinti pamāṇātikkantāsana.(長椅︰超長椅子。)

Āsandika,【陽】四腳椅Āsandikoti caturassapīṭha vuccati.(四腳椅︰有四隻腳的椅子。)

Āsanna,【形】接近的。【中】鄰近,鄰域。DhsA.(CS:p.106)Āsannakāraa padaṭṭhāna nāma.(鄰近之因,稱為近因)

Āsappati (ā+sap服務+ā) 努力,奮鬥,掙扎。āsappi,【過】。

Āsappanā(<ā+ sp躡手躡腳)﹐爬行疑惑(lit. “creeping on to”, doubt, mistrust)

Āsabha,【形】像公牛一樣的,即:強壯的特質和顯赫的特質āsabhaṭṭhāna,【中】卓著的地位。

Āsabhī, (usabha 的【陰】), 壯麗的,大膽的。DA.28./III,878.Āsabhīti usabhassa vācāsadisī acalā asampavedhī.(大膽的︰公牛無比的吼聲,不搖擺的、不震搖的。)

Āsaya(ā + śīThe semantically related Sk. āśraya from ā + śri is in P. represented by assaya. Cp. also BSk. āśayata intentionally, in earnest),【陽】1.住所,常到的地方(abode, haunt, receptacle; dependence on, refuge, support, condition)2.傾向(inclination, intention, will, hope; often combd. & compared with anusaya (inclination, hankering, disposition)3.流出物、排泄物(outflow, excretion)gabbhāsaya( = gabbha-mala)﹐內部排泄物。

Āsayati(ā + śī; lit. “lie on”),希望、欲望(to wish, desire, hope, intend )grd. āsāyana, gloss esamāna

Āsava (ā向﹑從…+su(śru)流動),【陽】1.流動的。2.幽靈。3.痛處的流出,4.(貪瞋癡的)(原意:流向,從)。各種煩惱中,「漏」是最古的用法,「漏」在佛教是「漏出」的意思,心中的污穢泄漏到外面眼流者。《雜阿含551經》:「眼識起貪,依眼界貪欲流出,故名為流。耳鼻舌身意流者,謂意識起貪,依意界貪識流出,故名為流。」(T2.144);在耆那教則是「漏入」的意思,污穢從外面流入體內」附著於阿特曼(Atman)。總之,「漏」是佛教和耆那教所共用的。在四漏當中,欲漏與有漏都是屬於貪心所,前者是對五欲的貪,後者是對存在或生命的貪。見漏是邪見心所,無明漏則是痴心所。「四漏」(cattāro āsavā)DhsA.CS:p.402pañcakāmaguasakhāte kāme āsavo ‘kāmāsavo’.(欲漏」是所謂的五種欲漏)Rūpārūpasakhāte kammato ca upapattito ca duvidhepi bhave āsavo ‘bhavāsavo’.(有漏」是從色、無色的業,產生兩種的流漏)Diṭṭhi eva āsavo ‘diṭṭhāsavo’(見漏」是邪見的漏)Avijjāva āsavo ‘avijjāsavo’(無明漏」則是無明的漏)Vibhv.p.167Rūpārūpabhavesu chandarāgo bhavāsavo. Jhānanikantisassatadiṭṭhisahagato ca rāgo ettheva sagayhati.(於色、無色的欲染為「有漏」。此處收錄具有常見的禪那欲求的染)《中部》第九經《正見經》,舍利弗尊者說:「當漏生起,無明即生起」(āsavasamudayā avijjāsamudayo)「當無明生起,漏即生起。」(avijjā-samudayā āsavasamudayo)殊勝義(Atthasālinī (PTS:1115CS:1120):「道的趣向中,須陀洹道斷欲漏,斯陀含道斷有漏,阿那含道斷邪見漏,阿羅漢道斷無明漏。」(Maggapaipāṭiyā sotāpattimaggena diṭṭhāsavo pahīyati, anāgāmimaggena kāmāsavo, arahattamaggena bhavāsavo avijjāsavo cāti.)

Āsavakkhaya,【陽】漏盡(剷除了貪瞋癡的漏)āsavatthānīyā dhammā,依止於漏之法。

Āsavati (ā+su(sru)流動+a),流動。āsavi,【過】。

Āsavana,【中】流下。

Āsasāna,【形】願,欲望。

Āsā,【陰】希望,欲望,渴望。āsā =tahāāsābhaga,【陽】失望。

Āsāṭikā,【陰】蠅卵。

Āsādeti1 (ā+sad+e) (Caus. of āsīdati, ā + sad; cp. āsajja & āsanna), 犯罪,攻擊,侮辱(to lay hand on, to touch, strike; fig. to offend, assail, insult ) aor. āsādesi; ger. āsādetvā, āsādiya & āsajja; infin. āsādu & āsāditu; grd. āsādanīya.

Āsādeti2(ā+sad+e), 接近接受(to come near to (c. Acc.), approach, get)āsādesi,【過】。

Āsāḷha, Āsādha(āṣāḍha,),【陽】阿沙荼月(月份名,大約在六月至七月之間,陰曆516615)

Āsāḷhi, Āsāḷhī(āṣāḍhī),【形】箕宿(pubbāsāḷha)與鬥宿 (uttarāsāḷha)的連接;阿沙荼月(āsāḷha)的滿月日(陰曆615)āsāḷhipuṇṇamadivase, 在阿沙荼月圓日。

Āsāsamāna,【現】逗留,久留。

Āsi (as 的【過..單】), 他是。

Āsi (as 的【過.1.單】), 我是。

Āsisaka,【形】願望的,積極的,候選人。

Āsisati (ā+sis祝福+a), 希望欲望。āsisi,【過】。

Āsisanā(ā+śas, cp.āsisati),【陰】希望,欲望。=āsīsanā (Nett 53)

Āsiñcati (ā+sic傾倒+-a), 灑,灌注。āsiñci,【過】。

Āsiṭṭha (āsiñsati 的【過), 1.已希望,已渴望。2.已受祝福。

Āsitta,【過āsiñcati

Āsittaka,【中】佐料。āsittakupadhāna,【中】佐料的容器。

Āsī,【陰】祝福,(毒蛇的)毒牙。

Āsītika,【形】八十歲。

Āsīna (āsati 的【過), 已坐,已就坐。

Āsīvisa,【陽】蛇,毒在毒牙中的。

Āsu,【無】很快地。

Āsu (as 的【過..複】), 他們是。

Āsumbhati (ā+subh(śubh / śumbh)使漂亮+-a), 丟下一些液體。

Āsevati (ā+sev(sev)聯合+a), 結交,練習,與時常交往。āsevi,【過】。āsevita,【過】。cf. bhāveti (<bhū), 修習。

Āsevanā,【陰】練習,追求,結交。āsevanābhāvanā, 緊湊練習。

Āha(√ah)-āha﹐【過完..單】他已經說。

Āhacca,【形】1.可移去的。2.(āhanati 的【獨】) 敲擊,接觸。āhaccapādaka,【形】腳可移去的。

Āhaa (āharati帶來的【過), 已帶來。anāhaa, 未帶來

Āhata (āhanati 的【過) 已打,已影響,已折磨。

Āhanati (ā+han(han)殺﹑打+a), 打,襲擊,觸。āhani,【過】。

Āhanana,【中】撞。

Āharaa,【中】帶來。

Āharati (ā+har+a), 帶來,接來,生産。āhari,【過】。āharamāna,【現】。āharitvā,【獨】。2s.imp. āhara3s.opt. āhareyya

Āharima (< āharati),【形】綺麗的,迷人的(“fetching”, fascinating, captivating, charming Vin.IV,299; Th.2, 299; ThA.227; VvA.14, 15, 77.)

Āhariya (grd. of āharati),【形】去拿東西的人(one who is to bring something J.III.328.)

Āhāra,【陽】食物(可增益身心),營養物。āhāraṭṭhitika,【形】依靠食物生活。āhārasamuṭṭhānarūpa食生色,從吞食物後開始,在受到(消化之火)支助,色聚的食素即能產生食生色。Tad āhāranirodhā ya bhūta ta nirodhadhamma ti bhikkhave passatha.(諸比丘!凡是見它已生者,由於食物之滅止,它也滅止法嗎?) sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā,一切有情依食而住。

Āhāreti (ā+har+e), 吃,用餐。āhāresi,【過】。āhāra āhāreti, 攝食,吃食。

Āhiṇḍati (ā+hi+-a), 雲遊,漫遊。āhiṇḍi,【過】。āhiṇḍitvā,【獨】。

Āhita,【過1.已放進。2.已燃燒。

Āhu, (< ahāha3.)他們已說,人們所說。Iccahu(< iti ahu; iti為「引號」,-ti + 母音> -cc +母音(連音規則))﹐如說:。

Āhuti,【陰】供奉,提供。

Āhua,【中】崇拜,供奉。āhueyya,【形】可崇拜的,可供奉的。

Āhundarika,【形】擁擠的,阻礙的。

 

I

 

I 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第三個母音字母。發音好像漢語中去聲的 i

i (i / ī / ay)﹐【字根I.】去(to go)

-i (& -ī )【結尾】。

-āhi  f.pl.Loc.Instr.Abl.→ -hi

-āni (-īni, -ūni)    n.pl.Nom.Voc.Acc.phalāni 諸果

                 akkhīni 諸眼  ayūni 諸壽 tīni

-bhi   m.n.f.pl.Instr.Abl.       buddhebhi 以諸佛、從諸佛

-eyyāsi opt.2sg.kareyyāsi你應做 ahareyyāsi你應拿來

-i  1.(-)m.n.f.sg.Nom.Voc.      aggi akkhi jāti

    2.(-ti,-ni,-ri,-si,-yi)m.n.sg.Loc.bhagavati於世尊kammani     於業  pitari於父 manasi於意 mayi於我

-ī  1.f.sg.Nom.      nadī        devī 女神

    2.f.pl.Nom.Voc.acc  nadī ! devī女神! 女神

    3.-in語基的m.sg.Nom. pakkhī   vadī 說者

    4.aor.2sg.                   agamī 你曾走     gilī 你曾吞

-hi     1.(-ehi,-āhi,-īhi,-ūhi) m.n.f.pl.Instr.Abl. 

tehi 彼等(他們)  tāhi 彼女等(她們)

2.imp.2sg.          karohi 請你做  labhahi 請你得

-hi-    fut.stem      hehi-=hohi-將有 hāhi-將笑 kāhi-將做

-mati -ti 1

-mhi    m.n.sg.Loc.buddhamhi 於佛 tamhi 於彼

-mi    1.pres.1sg.         karomi 我做  gacchāmi 我去

2.fut.1sg. karissāmi我將做         gamissāmi我將去

3.imp.1sg.          karomi 我要做   gacchāmi我要去

-ni     1.→ -āni  n.pl.Nom.Voc.Acc.phalāni 諸果

2.(-I)子音結尾語基的m.n.sg.Loc.rājjini 於王

-ntāni          n.pl.Nom.Voc.Acc.     guavantāni 諸具德者

-nti      1.pres.3pl.        karonti 他們做

2.fut.3pl.       karissanti   他們將做

-si      1.pres.2sg. karosi=kubbasi你做 labhasi你得

2.fut.2sg. labhissasi=lacchasi 你將得

3.aor.1sg.2sg.3sg.           akāsi      cintesi

-ssanti(-nti)

-ti  1.(-i)m.n.sg.Loc.arahati於阿羅漢 guavati於有德者

2.pres.3sg.   karoti 他做 gacchati 他走

3.fut. 3sg.     gamissati=gacchissati 他走

-vati -ti 1

ikkh (īk)﹐【字根I.】見(to look or see)

Ikkhaa(< īk),【中】看見,注視著,睿智。

Ikkhaika(< īk, cp. akkhi),【陽】算命(a fortuneteller)ikkhaikā,【陰】算命婆。

Ikkhati, (ikkh+a), 看著。ikkhi,【過】。

Igita(pp. of ingati = iñjati),【中】姿態,姿勢(movement, gesture, sign)

Igha,【無】發生,進行,喂;聽我說(喚起注意) (part. of exhortation, lit. “get a move on”, come on, go on, look here)

-icceva, 將成為(-to be)i.e.muni-icceva, 將成為牟尼。

Iccha,【形】【陽】(在【合】中) 願,渴望,欲望(wishing, longing, having desires)icchā,陰】願(wish)pāpiccha﹐惡欲(having evil desires)AA.6.36./III,364.Pāpicchoti asantasambhāvanicchako dussīlo.(惡欲:產生不安份之欲者是無戒者。)aniccha﹐無欲(without desires)

Icchaka(< iccha),【形】想要的人。

Icchati (is +aSk. icchati<i), 願,想要,渴望。icchi,【過】。icchanta,【現】。Pot. icche & iccheyya; ppr. iccha, aor. icchi. -- grd. icchitabba. -- pp. iṭṭha & icchita. In prep.-cpds. the root i2 (icchati) is confused with root i1 (iati, eati) with pp. both °iṭṭha and °iita. Thus ajjhesati, pp. ajjhiṭṭha & ajjhesita; anvesati (Sk. anvicehati); pariyesati (Sk. parīcchati), pp. pariyiṭṭha & pariyesita.

Icchati2 (Sk. cchati of , concerning which see appeti), (see aticchati & cp. icchatā)

Icchana(< i2, cp. Sk. īpsana),【中】icchā,【陰】欲望,希望,渴望。icchāvacara,【形】爲所欲爲。

Icchantika()一闡提、一闡提迦、一顚迦、阿闡底迦,斷善根者。

Icchā,【陰】願,渴望,欲望。yampiccha(f.s.Acc.) na labhati tampi dukkha所求不得也是苦(“in the case when (= yam) [one’s] wish one does not get, that case / that situation (= tam), too, [is] suffering.”)

Iccahu(< iti ahu; iti為「引號」,-ti + 母音> -cc +母音(連音規則))﹐如說:。

Icchita, (icchati 的【過) 願,想要,渴望

Icchitālābha,【陽】求不得。

Ijjhati (idh +ya), 繁榮,成功,興隆。ijjhi,【過】。ijjhamāna,【現】。

Ijjhana(< ijjhati),【中】ijjhanā,【陰】成功,繁榮(success, carrying out successfully)

Ijjhita (ijjhati 的【過), 已成功,已興隆。

Iñjati (iñj +a) 移動,激起,(毛骨)悚然。【過】iñjiS.4.6./I,107.Lomampi na tattha iñjaye, suññāgāragato mahāmuni.(大牟尼空行不毛骨悚然。)

Iñjana,【中】Iñjanā,【陰】運動,動作。

Iñjita (iñjati的【過), 已移動,已搖動。【中】運動,搖擺遊移不定。

Iṭṭha(pp. of icchati),【形】愉快的可喜的(pleasing, agreeable, pleasant)。【陽】快樂,樂事。【反】aniṭṭha,不愉快的,不可喜的。所緣(ārammaa, ālambaa)可以分為三組:不可喜(aniṭṭhārammaa)、中等可喜(iṭṭhamajjhattaiṭṭhārammaa可喜)與極可喜(ati-iṭṭhārammaa)。D.14.-13/II,89.Iṭṭhoti sukho, kantoti kamanīyo, manāpoti manavaḍḍhanako.(可樂的︰快樂的。可愛的︰令人想要的。可意的(令人)意增加的。)

-ittha, 【字尾】最…(比較級)

Iṭṭhakā, iṭṭhikā,【陰】瓦片,瓷磚,磚塊(a burnt brick, a tile)(Cayaniṭṭhakā= 磚塊,Chadaniṭṭhakā= 瓷磚)suvaṇṇaiṭṭhakā, 金瓦。

Ia(Sk. ṛṇa),【中】債務(debt)iaṭṭha,【形】欠債的人,債務人。iapaṇṇa,【中】本票,期票。iamokkha,【陽】擺脫債務。iasāmika,【陽】債權人。iasohana,【中】清償債務。anaa, 【形】無債的。

Iṇāyika,【陽】債務人。

Itara,【形】另一個。na itaro﹐不是別的。

Itarītara,【形】無論什麽,任何的。

Iti,【無】如此。(作爲指出剛提到的事物,或是將要提到的,或表示句子已終止,〔=。句號〕時常詞前的 i 被丟棄只餘下 ti)itikira(傳說),【無】流傳的消息(hearsay),人云亦云。 iti vistara 乃至廣說。iti’pi(=itipi), 如此也。

Itivuttaka,【中】《如是語經》。音譯為「一筑多」,「伊帝渭多伽」。屬於分別說系(Vibhājyā-vadināḥ)的經律,如《長阿含經》作「相應」;《四分律》作「善導」,《五分律》作「育多伽」,都是「如是語」的別譯。《成實論》的「伊帝曰多伽」,即「本事」。

Itihāsa,【陽】歷史,傳統。

Ito,【無】從此,從今,因此。Itopaṭṭhāya(=Ito paṭṭhāya),【無】自此以後,今後。itodāni (ito-dāni ito-idāni)﹐從現在起。Itojāti ito attabhāvato jātā.(從此生:從自性產生。)

Ittara, Itara,【形】1.通過的,可變的,短的,摘要(passing, changeable, short, temporary, brief)2.非常小的,很少的(small, inferior, poor, unreliable, mean)itthrakāla,【陽】短期。

Ittaratā(< ittara) ,【陰】可變(changeableness)

Itthatta,【中】1.(ittha+tta)目前的情況(台語:都合too1hap8),這一生。2.(itthi+tta) 女人氣質,婦女特質。

Ittha(< pron. base itthi, as also iti in same meaning),【副】如此,這樣(thus, in this way)itthanāma,【形】叫做如此,所謂的。itthabhūta,【形】如此,這一類型。

Itthagāra, Itthāgāra, (itthi+āgāra),【陽】1.閨房。2.閨房淑女(women’s apartment, seraglio)

Itthi, itthī,【陰】女人。cf. vanitā, nārīitthidhutta,【陽】沉溺女色的人。itthiliga,【中】女人性器官,女性的特質,女性。itthi-bhāva陰性。itthinimitta,【中】女性的器官。dasa itthiyo(十種女人)māturakkhitā(母親監護)piturakkhitā(父親監護)mātāpiturakkhitā(父母親監護) bhāturakkhitā(兄監護)bhaginirakkhitā(姐監護)ñātirakkhitā(親戚監護)gottarakkhitā(家族監護)dhammarakkhitā(法監護)sārakkhā(有監護。已被帶至內室,而說:這是我的(女人))saparidaṇḍā(罰護女。凡是到某某女人處,將處罰。)《律藏.經分別》(Vin.III,139-140.CS:p.202-3cf. MA.9./I,199.)manussitthī, amanussitthī, tiracchānagatitthī, 人女,非人女,雌性動物。

Itthikā(< itthi),【陰】女人,女性。itthika﹐【形】女人的(in bahutthika having many women, plentiful in women)

itthipurisasādhāraa (itthi+purisa+sa+ādhāraa),【形】男女性共通的,陰性陽性共通的(=itthipumasādhāraa)

Ida & Ida (ima 的【中...單】), 這個(事物)【陽】:單..aya;複.ime;單..ima;複..ime;單..imenā(amināanena);複..imehiimebhi;單..imasmāimamhā(asmā);複..imehiimebhi;單..﹑屬.Imassa(assa);複..﹑屬.imesaimesāna(esaesāna);單..imasmiimamhi(asmi);複..imesu(esu)【陰】:單.aya;複..imāimāyo;單..ima;複..imāimāyo;單..imāya;複..imāhiimābhi;單.imāya;複..imāhiimābhi;單..﹑屬.imāya(assāassāyaimissāimissāya;複..﹑屬.imāsaimāsāna;單..imāyaassāassāyaimissāimassāyaimissaassa;複..imāsu【中】:單..imaida;複..imāni;單..imaida;複..imāniidampi(ima+pi強調詞), 【中..單】這,()…

Idappaccayatā (ida+paccaya+tā),【陰】此緣性,基礎在此(緣起的道理)

Idāni(Vedic idānīṁ),【副】現在(now)

Iddha (ijjhati 的【過), 已繁榮,已豐裕,已成功。

Iddhi(Vedic ddhi from ardh, to prosper; Pāḷi ijjhati),【陰】繁榮,效力,神通。iddhapāda,【陽】()神足,神通力的根基。iddhabala,【中】神通力。iddhamantu,【形】有神通的。iddhavisaya,【陽】神通的範圍。iddhānubhāva, 神通,魔術(power or majesty of thaumaturgy)iddhābhisakhāra, 現神通(exercise of any of the psychic powers)tathārūpaiddhānubhāva(abhisakharoti),(現行)如其像神通威力。又作:如其像定(好像雕像不動而入定)mahiddhiko,大神通(S.21.5./II,279.)

Iddhipadesa, 神足的區域SA.51.5./III,251.iddhipadesanti tayo ca magge tīṇi ca phalāni.(神足的區域:三道與三果。)

idh﹐【字根III.】興隆(to prosper)

Idha,【副】這裡,此世,這個世界。

Idhuma,【中】木柴。

inj﹐【字根I.】移動(to move),搖動(to shake)

Inda,【陽】統治者,國王,吠陀的神因陀,天王。indagajjita,【中】雷電。indagopaka,【陽】一種在下雨之後從地下爬出來的紅昆蟲(胭脂蟲)indaggi,【陽】閃電。indajāla,【中】魔術。indajālika,【陽】魔術家,變戲法者。indadhanu(indradhanus),【中】彩虹(古譯:帝弓、天弓、虹蜺)indasālaguha,【陰】因陀羅石室、帝釋巖、石室精舍。

Indakhīla,【陽】因陀柱,因陀羅柱(indra’s pillar),在城門前的壯柱,界標。KhA.185.Indakhīloti nagaradvāravinivāraattha ummārabbhantare aṭṭha vā dasa vā hatthe pathavi khaitvā ākoitassa sāradārumayathambhasseta adhivacana. (界標(因陀柱)沒有阻礙城門(出入)門檻範圍,挖八肘或十肘深的地,壓緊堅硬的實木)S.56.39./V,443.“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ayokhīlo vā indakhīlo vā gambhīranemo sunikhāto acalo asampakampī. (諸比丘!譬如鐵柱或因陀羅柱之根,深埋而不動不搖。)《雜阿含398經》︰「譬如因陀羅柱,銅鐵作之,於深入地中,四方猛風不能令動。」

Indagopaka(inda + gopaka, cp. Vedic indragopā having Indra as protector), 一種紅色的昆蟲(a sort of insect (“cochineal, a red beetle”, Böhtlingk), observed to come out of the ground after rain)

Indanīla,【陽】藍寶石(sapphire)

Indapatta (Indraprastha),因得巴答(因陀羅普拉沙),在Yamuna河邊據考古發現,德里及其鄰近地區在約200萬年以前有人類出現。靠近現今印度首都「德里」(Delhi, 印度第二大城市)

Indavārui,【陰】黃瓜(cucumber)

Indasāla,【陽】因陀沙羅樹,印度松漆木(産於印度的一種龍腦香科喬木 (Vetaria indica),花美麗,白色,呈圓錐狀花序,其木材、樹脂和油有重要經濟價值)

Indīvara,【中】青蓮(the blue water lily, Nymphaea Stellata or Cassia FistulaVv 451 (= uddālaka-puppha VvA.197).)

Indū印度(大唐西域記以後)古音譯:身毒(史記)、申毒、天竺(漢書)、天篤、身篤、乾篤、賢豆、身豆、天豆、印土、呬度等。印地與稱其國名為「婆羅多」。

Indriya (indra王﹑主神+iya),【中】操縱主要的,根,官能。indriyagutti,【陰】留心著官能。indriyadamana,【中】indriyasavara,【陽】抑制官能(守護諸根)Bāvīsatindriyāni(二十二根)cakkhundriya眼根, sotindriya耳根, ghānindriya鼻根, jivhindriya舌根, kāyindriya身根, manindriya意根, itthindriya女根, purisindriya男根, jīvitindriya命根, sukhindriya樂根, dukkhindriya苦根, somanassindriya喜根, domanassindriya憂根, upekkhindriya捨根, saddhindriya信根, vīriyindriya精進根, satindriya念根, samādhindriya定根、paññindriya慧根﹐anaññātaññassāmītindriya未知當知根,  aññindriya已知根, aññātāvindriya具知根。channa indriyāna﹐六根((斫乞蒭)、耳(羯拏)、鼻(竭囉拏)、舌(加賀縛)(迦野)(麼那)indriyesu guttadvāratā(indriya-gupta-dvāratā)﹐護諸根門(於諸()根守門)indriyesu aguttadvārā﹐不護諸根門。vatthu-purejātindriya(indriyādhiṣṭhāna根所依處)﹐依處前生根(指五淨色)Katamo ca puggalo indriyesu guttadvāro? Tattha katamā indriyesu guttadvāratā? Idhekacco puggalo cakkhunā rūpa disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī; yatvādhikaraamena cakkhundriya asavuta viharanta abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyu, tassa savarāya paipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyacakkhundriye savara āpajjati.…(什麼人護諸根門呢?在此什麼是護諸根門呢?在這裡有一種人以眼見色之後,不執取相、不執取微細相;若是不保護眼根而住的原因,諸貪憂、惡不善法則流入。那種防護上路,則守護眼根,在眼根上到達防護。) SA.47.44./III,230. “indriyasavaro nāma chadvārarakkhaamattameva” (()︰護六根門的範圍。)

indh﹐【字根I.】帶火(to take fire)

Indhana(Vedic indhana, of idh or indh to kindle, cp. iddha1),【中】燃料木柴(firewood, fuel)

Ibha,【陽】象。ibhapipphalī,【陰】大型的長胡椒。

Ibbha (Ved. ibhya belonging to the servants),【形】僕人的(menial; a retainer)

Imesaima(此、)的【與】【屬】【複】。

Iria,【中】不毛之地荒地沙漠(barren soil, desert)

Iriyati (iriy (īr )+a), 移動,激起,舉止,採集(to move, to wander about, stir; fig. to move, behave, show a certain way of deportment)。【過】iriyi

Iriyā, iriyanā,【陰】身體的運動,姿勢。iriyāpatha,【陽】舉止,四姿勢(carañ vā yadi vā tiṭṭha nisinno udāhu saya It.117 (walking, standing, sitting, reclining; the four iriyāpathā。行、住、坐、臥,四威儀)sthāna niadyā śayyā-abhikrama,【梵】行住坐臥。

Illī,【陰】短劍。

Iva,【無】像,如同。

is (icch) (i 1./ ich)﹐【字根I.】想要(to wish)

Isi (Vedic ṛṣi fr. ṛṣ. -- Voc. ise; pl. Nom. isayo, Gen. isina & isīna; inst. isibhi ),【陽】1.仙人,聖人(holy man, one gifted with special powers of insight & inspiration, an anchoret, a Seer, Sage, Saint, “Master”)2.有靈感的唱讚家或作曲家(特指婆羅門傳統的)ye te ahesu brāhmaṇāna pubbakā isayo mantāna kattāro mantāna pavattāro, yesamida etarahi brāhmaṇā porāṇa mantapada gīta pavutta samihita, tadanugāyanti tadanubhāsanti bhāsitamanubhāsanti vācitamanuvācenti, seyyathida-- Aṭṭhako Vāmako Vāmadevo Vessāmitto Yamataggi (Yamadaggi) Agīraso Bhāradvājo Vāseṭṭho Kassapo Bhagu (昔之婆羅門諸仙人是創造秘典、歌誦秘典者,猶如--阿吒摩、婆摩、婆摩提婆、耶婆提伽、鴦耆羅、跋羅陀皤闍、婆摩吒、迦葉、婆咎。今之婆羅門,不過是集受彼等古秘典之聖句、誦語、倣效而誦、倣效而語,模倣所說而說、所語而語、所告而告而已。)(Vin.Mv.I,245.; D.3./I,104. D.13./I,238.; A.5.192./III,224., A.7.49./IV,61.,etc.)isipabbajjā,【陰】離家去當隱士。Isipatana,【中】仙人墮處(鹿野苑一個地名)Isigilipasse Kāḷasilāya,仙人山側黑石室。

Isikā (isīkā) (Sk. iṣīkā), 【中】蘆葦(a reed)

Isitta (abstr. fr. isi),【中】仙位(rishi-ship D I.104 (= isi-bhāva DA I.274))

Isipatana, 【中】仙人墮處SA.56.11./III,296.Isipatane migadāyeti isīna patanuppatanavasena evaladdhanāme migāna abhayadānavasena dinnattā migadāyasakhāte ārāme. Ettha hi uppannuppannā sabbaññu-isayo patanti, dhammacakkappavattanattha nisīdantīti attho. Nandamūlakapabbhārato sattāhaccayena nirodhasamāpattito vuṭṭhitā Anotattadahe katamukhadhovanādikiccā ākāsena āgantvā paccekabuddha-isayopettha otaraavasena patanti, uposathatthañca anuposathatthañca sannipatanti, Gandhamādana paigacchantāpi tatova uppatantīti iminā isīna patanuppatanavasena ta “Isipatanan”ti vuccati.(仙人墮處的鹿野苑仙人落處,如此達到鹿野苑,無畏施處,即是所說的鹿野苑。有許多一切智仙降落處(他們)坐落()轉法輪。諸獨覺仙從難陀山麓入滅定過七日後出定,在阿耨(ㄋㄡˋ)達池(喜馬拉雅山的一個湖)作漱口等作務,由空中來到,在此處降落,他們聚集作布薩利益和隨布薩利益。離開甘達馬答那山(Gandhamādana喜馬拉雅山的一座山),由此飛起,因為這些諸仙人飛起處,即「仙人落處」。) S.56.11/CS:pg.2.539.“Isīna patanuppatanavasena osīdana-uppatanaṭṭhānavasena eva ‘isipatanan’ti.(仙人墮處(仙人)下墮、起飛之處。這樣稱為仙人墮處)

Issa,【陽】熊。

Issati (is+adenom. fr. issā), 嫉妒,羡慕(jealousy, to envy)ppr. med. issamānaka。【陰】issikā。【過issita

IssatthaIssatta,【中】箭術。【陽】射手,箭手。

Issara(Vedic īśvara, from īś to have power),【陽】1.統治者,主人(lord, ruler, master, chief)2.造物主(creative deity, Brahmā, D III.28; M II.222 = A I.173; Vism 598.)

Issarajana,【陽】富人,有影響力的人。

Issaranimmāṇa,【中】創造。

Issaranimmānavādī,【三】信仰造物主的人。issara-nimmāna hetu﹐尊祐造。其因為自在天創造。

Issariya(<issara),【中】統治,最高權力(rulership, mastership, supremacy, dominion (Syn. ādhipacca))issariyamada,【陽】權威的自負。S.37.28./IV,246.“issariyabalena abhibhūṭam bhikkhave mātugāma, neva rūpabala tāyati, na bhogabala tāyati, na ñātibala tāyati, na puttabala tāyati, na sīlabala tāyati.”(諸比丘!當女人被男人的主權之力制伏時,容色之力幫不了,財產之力幫不了,親族之力幫不了,兒子之力幫不了,戒德之力也幫不了。)tāyati:解救、庇護、幫助。

Issariyatā(<issariya),【陰】權威(mastership, lordship)

Issā1(Sk. īryā to Sk. irin forceful, irasyati to be angry),【陰】嫉妒,生氣,羡慕,惡意(jealousy, anger, envy, ill-will)issāpakata﹐嫉妒的本性(overcome by envy, of an envious nature)issāmacchariya﹐。issāmanaka,【形】嫉妒的。

Issā2(cp. Sk. ṛśya-mga),【陰】issammiga (= issāmiga) & issāmiga。鹿角,鹿茸(the antlers of this antelope)

Issāsa(Sk. ivāsa, see issattha),【陽】射手,弓箭手(an archer)

Issāsin(Sk. ivāsa in meaning “bow” + in) 弓箭手(lit. one having a bow)

Issukī(Issukin) (<issā, Sk. īryu + ka + in),【形】嫉妒的(envious, jealous)

Iha(Sk. iha; form iha is rare in Pāli, the usual form is idha),【無】這裡(of place “here”)ihaloka,【中】這個世界,此生。iha, 下,下地,世,世間,今,復次,此世,此間,現,現世。ihā, 今。

 

Ī

 

Ī 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第四個母音字母。發音好像漢語中陰平的 i

Īgha(If genuine, it should belong to gh Sk. ghāyati to tremble, rage etc.),【陽】苦惱,危險(confusion, rage, badness)anīgha (or anigha) (= niddukkha ), 無苦惱。

Īti, Ītī, (Sk. īti)【陰】災難(ill, calamity, plague, distress)ītirahita﹐【形】無災難的。anīti﹐健全健康(sound condition, health, safety)

Ītika(<īti)﹐【形】病的(connected or affected with ill or harm)。僅存在‘anītika’ 無病的。

Īdisa(Sk. īds, ī + dṛś, lit. so-looking),【形】像如此的如此的(such like, such)īdṛśa, īdṛśaka, 如是像類,如是色像,如此像

īr(īr)﹐【字根VII.】移動(to move)

Īria (= iria)(cp. Sk. īria)荒地沙漠(barren soil, desert)

Īrita(pp. of īreti, caus. of īr, see iriyati), 1.轉動,攪動(set in motion, stirred, moved, shaken)2.(uttered, proclaimed, said)

Īrati (īr移動+a), 移動,搖動,激起。īri,【過】。īrita,【過】。īrayitabba﹐【未被】。

Īreti (īr移動+e), 做聲,說話。īresi,【過】。īrita,【過】。

Īsa(<iś to have power; cp.Sk.īśvara = P.issara, & BSk.īśa),【陽】統治者(lord, owner, ruler)。【陽】持軸山,一座山名。【陰】īsī

Īsaka,【形】柱、竿(a pole)īsakagga﹐柱頭、竿頭(the top of a pole)

Īsaka﹐【副】稍微些微地(a little, slightly, easily)īsakam pi﹐甚至一點點(even a little)

Īsā(Vedic īṣā),【陰】犁柱,轅(車前駕牲畜的兩根直木)(the pole of a plough or of a carriage)īsādanta,【形】有牙如犁柱一般長(即:象)

Īsāka (adj.)(<īsā)有犁柱(having a pole)

Īsī﹐【陰】女統治者(參見Mahesī(王后) a chief queen)

Īhati (īh+aVedic īh), 嘗試,努力(endeavour, attempt, strive after)īhi,【過】。

Īhā(<īh),【陰】ihana,【中】努力(exertion, endeavour, activity)nir-īha﹐無努力(void of activity)

 

U

 

U 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第五個母音字母。發音好像漢語中去聲的 u

U-ud-﹐【字首】上,邪,外。

-u(& -ū) 【結尾】。

-emu (-ema) opt.1pl.jānemu願我們知,suemu願我們聞

-isu  aor.3pl.āsisu 他們曾有  gahisu他們曾取

-ntu             imp.3pl. karontu 請他們做

-ssu   imp.2sg.med. kurussu=karassu 請你做

-su     (-esu, -āsu, -īsu, -ūsu) m.n.f.pl.Loc.buddhesu 於諸佛﹑phalesu 於諸果

-ssasu      cond.3pl.  abhavissasu 如果他們有

-tu     1.imp.3sg.  karotu 請他做。          2.inf.(不定體) kattu做﹑gantu

-u 1.m.n.f.sg.Nom.Voc. cakkhu眼、眼! dhenu牛、牛!

    2.-ar語基              m.f.sg.Dat.Gen.pitu mātu

    3.aor.2sg.3sg.        ahu 有﹑assu

-ū 1.m.n.f.sg.nom abhibhū征服者﹑pāragū 到彼岸者

    2.m.f.pl.Nom.Voc.Acc.   pāragū到彼岸者﹑dhenū牝牛

    3.aor.2sg.3sg.          ahū 曾有

       4.aor.3pl.           ahū 他們曾有﹑agū 他們曾走

Ukkasa,【陽】優秀,優越。ukkasaka,【形】歌頌,稱讚。

Ukkasanā,【陰】,讚揚。n’ev’attān’ukkasissāma na paravambhissāma((我們將)不自稱揚,不輕蔑他。《中阿含經》譯:不自舉,不下他)

Ukkasati (u+ka(kṛṣ)+e), 歌頌,稱讚(to exalt, praise)ukkasesi,【過】。

Ukkaṭṭha(pp. of ukkasati),【形】1.高度,顯著的,殊勝的。2.優良的,3.特殊化。ukkaṭṭhatā,【陰】顯赫,優越。殊勝(ukkaṭṭhakusala)的善業,指造善業時有良好的動機。低劣(omaka)的善業,指造善業時有不純或污染的動機。

Ukkaṭṭhita,【過】已煮沸,已沸騰,已火熱。

Ukkaṇṭhati (u+kah+-a), 不滿。ukkaṇṭhi,【過】ukkaṇṭhita,【過】。SA.2.18./I,112.Aratī nābhikīratīti ukkaṇṭhitā nābhibhavati.(為不滿所淹沒︰全面為不滿所克服。)

Ukkaṇṭhanā,【陰】不滿,騷動。

Ukkaṇṭhita (ukkaṇṭhati 的【過), 已不滿,已煩躁。

Ukkaṇṇa,【形】豎起耳朵的。

Ukkaṇṇaka(ut + kanna + ka; lit. “with ears out” or is it ukkandaka?) 【副】 a certain disease (? mange) of jackals, S II.230, 271; SA. “the fur falls off from the whole body” .

Ukkantati (u+kat +-a), 切掉,扯掉。ukkanti,【過】。ukkantita,【過】。

Ukkā (Vedic ulkā & ulkuṣī),【陰】1.匠的熔爐(a furnace or forge of a smith)2.火把(firebrand, glow of fire, torch; ukkūpama火把喻); (dhamm-okkā);. as tiukkā firebrand of dry grass)3. a meteor: see below °pāta.  ukkādhāra a torch-bearer; ukkāpāta “falling of a firebrand”, a meteor(= ākāsato ukkāna patana); ukkāmukha,金匠的火爐口或熔金鍋(the opening or receiver of a furnace, a goldsmith’s smelting pot)

Ukkācita (pp. either to *kāc to shine or to kāceti denom.fr.kāca1)﹐啟蒙訓練。enlightened, made bright (fig.) or cleaned, cleared upukkācitavinīta﹐啟蒙訓練。

Ukkāmeti (Caus. of ukkamati)﹐使讓開(to cause to step aside)

Ukkāra,【陽】(家畜的)糞,排泄物。ukkārabhūmi,【陰】糞堆,不潔淨的地方。

Ukkāsati (u+ka+a), 咳嗽,清喉,古譯:欬嗽、欬逆、謦欬(音釋說:「謦欬:逆氣聲也。小曰謦,大曰欬。」)ukkāsi,【過】。ukkāsitvā aggaa ākoesi﹐謦欬敲門。

Ukkāsita (Ukkāsati的【過), 已咳嗽。【中】咳嗽,清喉。

Ukkujja,【形】建立,朝上的,翻過來的。

Ukkujjeti (u+kujj+e), 捲起,彎上,翻過來。ukkujji,【過】。ukkujjita,【過】。

Ukkujjana,【中】捲起,翻過來。

Ukkuika,【形】躡腳尖(台語:躡骹尾neh4 kha bue2)或以腳跟走路。。ukkuika,【副】以腳尖(腳跟)走路。《南寄歸內法傳》卷第三(T54.222.3):「律云應先嗢屈竹迦。譯為蹲踞。雙足履地兩膝皆豎。攝斂衣服勿令垂地。」Pāci.IV,189.Sk.25.Na ukkuikāya antaraghare gamissāmī’ti.(在住宅區內,我不要以腳尖走路。)以腳尖走路。Sp.Pāci.IV,891.Ukkuikāyāti ettha ukkuikā vuccati pahiyo ukkhipitvā aggapādehi vā, aggapāde vā ukkhipitvā pahīhiyeva vā bhūmi phusantassa gamana.(以腳尖或腳跟走路︰舉起腳後跟(pahi, m.),以腳尖走路;或者舉起腳尖,以腳後跟著地走路。)

Ukkuṭṭhi,【陰】大叫,歡呼,喝彩。

Ukkudhita﹐【過】已沸騰。

Ukkusa,【陽】鶚,魚鷹。

Ukkūla,【形】陡峭的,險峻的,傾斜的,有坡度的。

Ukkoana(<ud + *ku to be crooked or to deceive, cp. kujja & kuila crooked),【中】賄賂(crookedness, perverting justice, taking bribes to get people into unlawful possessions.)(“assāmike sāmike kātu lañcagahaa”)。賄賂︰致贈者不合乎禮俗的餽贈標準,且有無不法企圖,而受贈者對於該贈與之財物有無不法企圖的認知,並足以影響其違法性的判斷。

Ukkoanaka(<ukkoana) ,【形】belonging to the perversion of justice.

Ukkoeti,【中】藉賄賂(等背叛正義)

Ukkoeti (u+ku +e), 再展開已擺平的訴訟。ukkoesi,【過】。ukkoita,【過】。

Ukkhali,【陰】壺,鍋。ukkhalikā,【陰】小壺。

Ukkhitta, (ukkhipati 【過) 1.已升高,已猛地起。2.已中止。3.已罷黜。ukkhittaka,【形】【中】1.已拉高的人。2.被中止的人。ukkhittapaligha,已拔除門閂。

Ukkhipati (u+khip+a), 1.升起,舉起,猛地舉起。2.中止。

Ukkhipana, ukkhepana,【中】ukkhepa,【陽】1.舉起,升起。2.中止。

Ukkhepaka,【陽】投入,猛地舉起的人,中止的人。piṇḍukkhepaka, 投擲食物(入口的方式來吃)

Uklāpa(ukkalāpa) (cp. Sk. ut-kalāpayati to let go), 【陽】1.污垢,垃圾(deserted J.II.275 (ukkalāpa T.; vv. ll. uklāpa & ullāpa))2.【形】骯髒的,不潔淨的(dirtied, soiled Vin.II,154, 208, 222; Vism.128; DhA.III,168 (ukkalāpa))

Ugga1 (Vedic ugra, from ukati, weak base of vak as in vakana, vakayati), 【形】1.極大的(mighty, huge, strong)2.兇猛的(fierce, grave)3.有勢力的人(a mighty or great person, noble lord D.I,103; S.I,51 = VvA.116 (uggateja “the fiery heat” 熾熱); J.IV.496; V.452)uggaputta, 高貴的子弟(a nobleman, mighty lord S.I,185 (“high born warrior” trsl.); J.VI.353 (= amacca-putta王臣之兒子); Th.1, 1210.)

Ugga2 = uggamana, in aruugga. 日出(sunrise Vin.IV,272.)

Uggacchati (u+gam+a) 上升。uggacchi,【過】。

Uggajjati (u+gajj +a) 大叫。uggajji,【過】。

Uggahana,【中】學習,研究。

Uggahāti (u+gah+hā), 學習,著手進行。uggahi,【過】。uggahita,【過】。

Uggahāpeti (Uggahāti的【使】), 教。uggahāpesi,【過】。

Uggahiya, uggahitvā,【獨】學習了,著手進行了。

Uggata (uggacchati 的【過), 已升起,已高。

Uggama,【陽】uggamana,【中】1.上升,上升。2.增加。

Uggayha,【獨】學習了,著手進行了。

Uggaha,【陽】uggahaa,【中】1.學習,研究。2.著手進行。uggahanimitta修習遍禪(kasia)直至閉眼,的相能現於心中正如開眼所見,此時稱為「取相」。《廣釋》(Vibhv.CS:p.258) Tadeva cakkhunā diṭṭha viya manasā uggahetabba nimitta, uggahantassa vā nimittanti uggahanimitta.(取相:心當取的或所取的相,正如開眼所見)

Uggahita (uggahāti 的【過), 1.已學習。2.已升起。3.已取錯。

Uggahetu,【陽】學徒,著手進行者。

Uggahetvā,【獨】學習了,著手進行了。

Uggāra,【陽】打嗝,噴射,從胃吐出的風。

Uggāhaka,【形】學徒。

Uggirati (u+gir +a), 1.舉起。2.揮舞。3.做聲。4.打嗝。uggiri,【過】。

Uggiraa,【中】1.說話。2.揮。

Uggilati (u+gil+a), 吐出,嘔吐。uggili,【過】。S.42.9./IV,324.neva sakkhati uggilitu, neva sakkhati ogilitun”ti.(既不能吐,也不能嚥。)

Ugghaita,【形】鋒利的,敏銳的,努力的。

Uggharati (u+ghar +a), 滲出。ugghari,【過】。

Ugghaseti (u+ghas+e), 擦。ugghasesi,【過】。

Ugghāṭeti,【中】1.解開,打開。2.可移動的。3.升起水的一部機器。

Ugghāṭita, (Ugghāṭeti的【過) 打開,解開,除去,廢止。

Ghaati (gha盡力+a), ,努力,發揮自己。

Ugghaitaññū(ud-ghaati的【過), 敏銳智者(Ugghaitaññū<(ud+gha盡力) ),聽見簡短的開示,就能得到法現觀(dhammābhisamayo證得道與果)。另外還有三類人︰1.vipaccitaññū (or vipañcitaññū)廣說的行者--需要詳加解釋,才能得到法現觀;2.neyya被引導的行者--經過詳說後,還必須精研教義,才能得到法現觀。3.padaparama(or padaparama)文句為最者--多聞、多說、多憶持、多教導,他無法在此生中法現觀。(cf. Puggalapaññatti3,148.~151.)

Ugghāṭeti (u+ghāt +e), 打開,解開,除去,廢止。ugghāṭesi,【過】。

Ugghāta,【陽】搖晃,迅猛的動作。

Ugghātita, (ugghāteti的【過) 突然的猛烈動作

Ugghāteti (u+ghāt+e), 突然的猛烈動作。ugghātesi,【過】。

Ugghosa,【陽】ugghosanā,【陰】一聲呼喊,宣言。

Ugghosita, (Ugghoseti的【過) 大叫,宣佈

Ugghoseti (u+ghus+e), 大叫,宣佈。ugghosesi,【過】ugghosita,【過】。

Ucca,【形】1.高。2.貴族。

Uccaya,【陽】積聚。

Uccākulīna,【形】高貴的出生。

Uccāra,【陽】獸糞,排泄物,屎,大便。

Uccāraa,【中】uccāraṇā,【陰】1.舉起。2.說話,發音。

Uccārita, (Uccāreti的【過) 做聲,宣告

Uccāreti (u+car+e), 1.做聲,宣告。2.舉起。uccāresi,【過】。

Uccāliga,【陽】胃蟲,毛蟲。

Uccāvaca,【形】高低的,各種不同的。

Uccāsadda,【陽】高聲,吵雜聲。【形】製造大雜訊。

Uccāsayana,【中】高床(高牀)高床是指橫木之下的腳部超過佛陀的八指距長。常人一指距(agula or finger-breadth)2cm(公分),因此,許可的高度相當於2x8x3=48cm,但有一些傳承則認為最高是27英吋(=67cm)13英吋(=32cm)。)

Uccināti (u+ci+nā), 選擇,挑選。uccini,【過】。uccinitvā,【獨】。

Ucchaga,【陽】膝蓋,臀部。

Ucchādana,【中】身體的摩擦。

Ucchādeti (u+chad+e), 擦身體(沐浴時或用香水)ucchādesi,【過】。

Ucchiṭṭha(pp. of ud + śi),【形】剩餘的(飲食),不純的,用過的(left, left over, rejected, thrown out; impure, vile)(ucchiṭṭhabhatta). At J.IV,433 read ucch° for ucciṭṭha. --an° not touched or thrown away (of food) J.III,257; DhA.II,3. -- See also uttiṭṭha & ucchepaka.

Ucchijjati (u+chid(chid)切斷+ya, Ucchindati的【被】), 被停止,被消滅。ucchijji,【過】。

Ucchindati (u+chid切斷+-a), 打破,破壞,滅絕(to break up, destroy, annihilate)ucchindi,【過】。fut. ucchecchāmi(or ucchejjissāmi, ucchejjāmi, ucchijjāmi),我欲討伐。ucchijja,【獨】。ucchijjati,【被】ucchinna,【過】。pret. udacchida)

Ucchinna, (Ucchindati的【過) 打破,破壞(broken up, destroyed)Cp. Samucchinna

Ucchu(Sk. cp. Vedic Np. Ikvāku fr. iku),【陽】甘蔗(sugar-caneSaccharum officinarum。亞洲東南部熱帶的高大的禾草 〔甘蔗屬〕,其莖粗、硬,是糖的主要的商業的來源)ucchuyantra(ucchūna yanta),【中】煉糖廠(sugar-cane mill)uccharasa,【陽】糖蜜(treaclemolasses)ucchurasa,甘蔗汁。ucchagga,甘蔗。ucchukhaṇḍikā,甘蔗。 ucchukhādana,甘蔗。ucchakhetta,甘蔗田。ucchugaṇṭhikā, ucchughaika,一種甘蔗(Batatas (now called Ipomea) Paniculata)ucchupāla,守衛甘蔗。ucchupīḷana,甘蔗。ucchupua, 甘蔗()筐。ucchubīja,甘蔗栽。

Uccheda(<ud + chid, chind),【陽】切斷,毀滅,殲滅(breaking up, disintegration, perishing (of the soul))ucchedadiṭṭhi,【陰】斷見(屬於偶然論,認為一切事務的發生與消滅都是偶然發生的。斷見(the doctrine of the annihilation (of the soul))常見’ (sassatadiṭṭhi or atta-diṭṭhi (the continuance of the soul after death)相反的)ucchedavādī,【陽】信仰斷見者。

Uju, ujju,(Vedic ju, also jyati, irajyate to stretch out),【形】直的垂直的。A.2.4./I,63.“Sekho asekho ca imasmi loke, Āhuneyyā yajamānāna honti. Te ujjubhūtā kāyena, vācāya uda cetasā. Khetta ta yajamānāna, ettha dinna mahapphalan”ti.(在此世間有學與無學,堪受施者之崇拜(、供奉)(因為他們)身正直、語正直、意也正直,施予此()田此處的布施得大果。)

Uju,【副】直線地,直接地,老實地,坦率地。

Ujuka(rujaka),【形】真直的,真正直的。

Ujukatā(abstr. fr. ujuka),【陰】真直性(straightness, rectitude) (kāyassa, cittassa))Dhs.#50.Katamā tasmi samaye kāyujukatā hoti? Yā tasmi samaye vedanākkhandhassa saññākkhandhassa sakhārakkhandhassa 1ujutā 2ujukatā 3ajimhatā 4avakatā 5akuilatā-- aya tasmi samaye kāyujukatā hoti.(在此時什麽是心所正直性?此時是凡是受蘊、想蘊、行蘊的1正直性、2真直性、3不彎曲性、4不歪性、5不奸詐性,即此時是心所正直性)

  Dhs.#51.Katamā tasmi samaye cittujukatā hoti? Yā tasmi samaye viññāṇakkhandhassa 1ujutā 2ujukatā 3ajimhatā 4avakatā 5akuilatā--aya tasmi samaye cittujukatā hoti.(在此時什麽是心正直性?此時是凡是識蘊的1正直性、2真直性、3不彎曲性、4不歪性、5不奸詐性,即此時是心正直性。)

Ujutā(abstr. of uju),【陰】正直性(straight(forward)ness, rectitude)

UjugataUjubhūta,【形】直的,正直的生活。

Ujutā,【陰】正直,率直,忠厚(台語:tiong hou7)

Ujjagghati (u+jaggh+a) 大聲地笑。ujjagghi,【過】。

Ujjagghikā,【陰】大聲的笑。

Ujjagala,【形】不育的,沙的,含沙的,沙質。

Ujjala,【形】明亮的,熾燃的(blazing, flashing; bright, beautiful)

Ujjalati (u+jal(jval)+a), 發亮,燃燒起來(to blaze up, shine forth)ujjali,【過】。ujjalita,【過】。

Ujjalana(ujjvālana),【中】點亮(lighting)

Ujjavati (u+ju+a), 向逆流去。ujjavi,【過】。

Ujjavanikā,【陰】向逆流航去的船。

Ujjahati (u+ha+a), 放棄。ujjahi,【過】。

Ujju﹐【形】正直的,質直的。ujjubhūta﹐【形】已變成正直。

Ujjota,【陽】點燃,光彩。

Ujjotita, (Ujjoteti的【過) 照亮

Ujjoteti (u+jut+e), 照亮。ujjotesi,【過】。

Ujjhati (ujjh+a) 離開,拋棄(台語:扌穴hiat kak8)ujjhi,【過】。ujjhiya, ujjhitvā,【獨】。

Ujjhāna,【中】生氣,訴苦,抱怨。ujjhānasaññī,【形】有責備意向的,找喳(faultfinder)

Ujjhāpana,【中】令人生氣的。

Ujjhāpeti (u+jhe +āpe), 激怒,使人訴苦。ujjhāpesi,【過】。

Ujjhāyati (u+jhe+a)。發牢騷。ujjhāyi,【過】。

Ujjhita, (Ujjhati 的【過), 已放棄,已抛棄,已丟出。

uñch(uñch)﹐【字根I.】拾落穗(to glean),蒐集。

Uñchati, (uñch+-a), 尋求捐獻,拾落穗(to gather for sustenance, seek (alms), glean Vism.60 (= gavesati))uñchi,【過】。uñchita,【過】。

Uñchā,【陰】爲生計聚集任何東西。uñchācariyā,【陰】爲拾落穗到處遷徙。

Uññā (= avaññā (?) from ava + jñā, or after uññātabba?) ,【陰】輕視(contempt Vin.IV,241; Vbh.353 sq. (attuññā))

Uññātabba,【義】輕視的,卑鄙的,可鄙的(to be despised, contemptible)S.3.1./I,69.Bhikkhu, kho, mahārāja, daharoti na uññātabbo, daharoti na paribhotabbo.(大王!比丘是年少不可輕視,年少不應輕視。)(世尊跟波斯匿王宣說四種年少不可輕視,又見Sn.p.93; SnA 424 (= na avajānitabbo, na nīca katvā jānitabbo ti))

Uṭṭhahati, Uṭṭhāti (u+hā +a), 站起來,出現,活躍。uṭṭhāsi, uṭṭhahi,【過】。uṭṭhita,【過】。

Uṭṭhahitvā,Uṭṭhāya, (Uṭṭhahati的【獨】), 起來了,出現了。uṭṭhāyāsanā,起座。

Uṭṭhātu,【陽】起來的人,喚醒自己的人。

Uṭṭhāna,【中】起來,起立,上升,起源,能源,工業,産品。uṭṭhānaka,【形】生産的,出產的。uṭṭhānavantu,【形】奮發的。

Uṭṭhānavīriyādhigata (uṭṭhāna起來+vīriya勇悍+adhigata達到), 發起勇悍。

Uṭṭhāpeti (uṭṭhāti 的【使】), 令上升,升起,趕走一個人。uṭṭhāpesi,【過】。

Uṭṭhāyaka,【形】【陽】(uṭṭhāyikā,【陰】) 活躍的,勤勉的。

Uṭṭhita (uṭṭhāti 的【過), 已起來,已興起,已生産。

Uḍḍayhati, (uḍḍahati的【被】) 燒掉

Uḍḍahati (u+dah放置+a), 燒掉。uḍḍahi,【過】。

Uḍḍita, (Uḍḍeti的【過) 已飛,已中止,誘入圈套(ensnared)

Uḍḍeti (u+ḍī+e), 飛,中止。uḍḍesi,【過】。

Uṇṇa,【中】,Uṇṇā,【陰】羊毛,纖維,纖毛。uṇṇa-bhamukantara眉間白毫(佛陀在眉毛之間的一根毫毛)uṇṇanābhi,【陽】蜘蛛。uṇṇasu纖毛線。

Uṇṇamati (ud + nam), 升起(to rise up, to be raised, to straighten up, to be haughty or conceited)inf. uṇṇametave, 了不起(Sn.206.)

Uṇṇī (Sk. aurṇī fr. aura woollen, der. of ūra),【陰】羊毛織物(a woollen dress Vin.II,108.)

Uha(Vedic uṣṇā f. to oati to burn, pp. uṣṭa burnt, Sk. uṣṇa),【形】熱的。【中】熱。uhodaka,熱水。

Uhatta(abstr. fr. uha),【中】熱(hot state, heat Vism.171.)

Uhīsa(Sk. uṣṇīṣa),【中】纏頭巾(a turban)

Utu,【陰】【中】季節,氣候,(生理)月經。utukāla,【陽】排卵期(古說︰月經期)utukkhāna(utu+akkhāna),【中】季宣告utuja, 時節生。utuparissaya,【陽】險惡的天候,不測風雲。utupasevana,順應節氣。utusappāya,【陽】愉快的季節或氣候。utusamuṭṭhānarūpa【中】時節生色,從結生心的「住時」(hiti)開始,在業生色(kammasamuṭṭhānarūpa)聚裡的火界即能開始產生時節生色。utujaṭṭhamakarūpa【中】時節生八法聚。

Ujujātika,【形】正直的。D.25./III,56.(優曇婆邏師子吼經)世尊特別凸顯「正直」這單一德目,說︰「來!明智人(viññū puriso)不詐(asaho)、不誑(amāyāvī)、正直的人(ujujātiko),我當教他這無上清淨梵行,於現法中(這一生),自己將住於作證成就智慧,(撇開七年乃至半個月)只須七日。」本經中的「不詐、不誑、正直」,都是指「正直」。(《長部》D.25.Udumbarikasutta/III,55)

Utunī,【陰】月經來潮的女人。mātā ca utunī hoti,母有經水,指母的排卵期(易受孕)

Utta (= vutta), (vadati 的【過), 已講,已做聲。【中】說話。

Uttaṇḍula,【形】煮得差的(),未煮熟的飯。

Uttatta, (uttapati 的【過】;ud + tatta1, pp. of ud + tap, Sk. uttapta), 1.已加熱,已溶化(heated; of metals: molten)2.已精製,已光亮(refined; shining, splendid, pure)

Uttanta (= utrasta, is reading correct?), 怖畏(frightened, faint Vin.III,84.) See uttasta & utrasta.

Uttama,【形】最高的,最好的,貴族的,優良的(“ut-most”, highest, greatest, best)uttamaga,【中】最重要的部份即:頭。uttamagaruha,【中】頭髮。uttamattha,【陽】最高的利益。uttamaporisa,【陽】最偉大的人。uttamapurisa(uttamapurua)﹐上士。

Uttara,【形】1.比較高的(higher, high, superior, upper)2.跟隨的(subsequent, following, second)3.北方的(northern)4.上面的(over, beyond)。【中】答案,答覆。uttarattharaa,【中】上面的掩護。uttaracchada,【陽】遮陽篷,天篷。uttarasve,【副】後天,明天的明天。lokuttara (loka+uttara) ,【形】出世間(=涅槃)sa-uttara, 有上心(having something above or higher, having a superior)anuttara, 無上心(without a superior, unrivalled, unparalleled)

Uttaraa,【中】橫越,克服,證得,(考試)通過。

Uttarati (u+tar+a), 從水出來,(渡過…)轉變,克服。uttari,【過】。

Uttarā,【陰】北方的方向。

Uttarāsaga,【陽】上衣,郁多羅僧(比丘三衣之一)

Uttari, uttari,【副】越過(over, beyond),在遠處(further),比較遠的(moreover),而且、此外(besides),附加的(additional)uttarikaraṇīya,【中】附加的責任(an additional duty, higher obligation)uttaribhaga,【陽】多一小塊(an extra portion),小小塊(tit-bit)uttaribhagika﹐美味的餡(serving as dainties)uttarimanussadhamma,【陽】上人法(superhuman),超出人類的能力(beyond the power of men)--體證禪那(jhāna四禪八定)、解脫(vimokkha)、正受(sampatti三摩缽地、等至)、等引(samāhita<samādahati‘完全放置的過去分詞,已安置,三摩呬多)、道(magga四向)、果(phala四果)乃至「我在空屋受樂」(suññāgāre abhiramāmi,指得初禪乃至第四禪)等。uttarisāṭaka(= uttarīya)【陽】上衣(upper or outer garment),披風(cloak, mantle)atthi…uttari manussadhammā alamariya (ñāṇadassana) viseso adhigato phāsuvihāro.(有達到超越人法之殊勝最上(知見)而安住否?) Pārā.III,91Uttarimanussadhammo nāma jhāna vimokkho samādhi samāpatti ñāṇadassana maggabhāvanā phalasacchikiriyā kilesappahāna vinīvaraatā cittassa suññāgāre abhirati.(超越凡人的法(上人法)︰禪那(初禪乃至第四禪)、解脫(空、無相、無願)、三昧(空、無相、無願)、正受(三摩缽地,空、無相、無願)、智見(三明)、修道(指四聖諦等三十七菩提分)、證果(證初果乃至四果)、斷染(斷染瞋癡)、心離蓋(離染瞋癡)、心樂空屋(樂在初禪乃至第四禪))

Uttaritara,【形】更質優的。

Uttariya(abstr.<uttara; uttara + ya = Sk. *uttarya),【中】1. state of being higher; neg. anuttariya state of being unsurpassed (lit. with nothing higher), preeminence; see anuttariya. -- 2. an answer, rejoinder

Uttarīya(<uttara),【中】斗蓬(披風an outer garment, cloak )

Uttasati (u+tas +a), 驚慌,驚嚇。uttasi,【過】。

Uttasana,【中】驚慌,恐怖。

Uttasta, uttrasta (uttasati 的【過), 已驚嚇,已嚇壞,已恐懼

Uttāna, uttānaka,【形】仰臥的,顯然的,淺的。uttānaseyyaka,【形】嬰兒的。uttānīkamma, uttānīkaraa,【中】曝露,顯示。

Uttānīkaroti (uttāna+i+kar+o), 澄清,闡明。uttānīkari,【過】。

Uttāpeti (u+tap(tap)+e), 加熱,折磨。uttāpesi,【過】。

Uttārita, (Uttāreti的【過) 橫越,解救,協助

Uttāreti (u+tar +e), 橫越,解救,協助。uttāresi,【過】。

Uttāsa,【陽】恐怖,恐懼。

Uttāsana,【中】刺。

Uttāsita, (Uttāseti的【過) 刺穿

Uttāseti (u+tas害怕+e), 刺穿。(uttasati 的【使】) 驚嚇,使恐怖。uttāsesi,【過】。

Uttiṭṭhati (u+hā +a) 升,站起來,努力。

Uttia,【三】無草的。

Uttiṇṇa (uttarati 的【過), 已越過,已到彼岸去,已出來,已經過。

Utrāsa,【陽】恐怖。utrāsin,【形】可怕的,膽小的。

Uda,【無】或,和

Udaka,【中】水。udakadhārā,【陰】水的奔流。udakapaiggāhaka, 【陽】盛水盆(在用餐前後用來洗手或倒洗缽水的器皿)udakaphusita, udakabindu,【中】一滴水。udakamaika,【陽】存水的大廣口瓶。udakasāṭikā,【陰】沐浴的覆蓋物。udakorohaka,水浴者。pahaviyā pi ummujja-nimujja karoti seyyathā udake, udake pi abhijjamāno gacchati seyyathāpi pathaviya.(在地浮沉猶如在水,在水上行而不沉猶如在地上。經中說:沒地如水,履水如地。)

Udakakāka,【陽】鸕鷀,水老(cormorant)。《佛祖統紀》卷第五(T49.171.1)︰「阿難遊行宣化幾二十年,嘗至竹林中(即王舍城外竹林寺)聞比丘誦偈︰若人生百歲,不見水老鶴,不如生一日。時得睹見之。阿難慘然曰︰此非佛偈,當云︰若人生百歲,不解生滅法,不如生一日,而得解了之。比丘向其師說。師曰︰阿難老朽言不可信。阿難後時聞彼比丘猶誦前偈。即自思惟︰今此比丘不受吾教,於世無益宜入涅槃。」Dhp.v.113.Yo ca vassasata jīve, apassa udayabbaya; ekāha jīvita seyyo, passato udayabbaya.(Gāndhārī Dharmapada v.113.ya ji vaa-śado jivi, apaśu udaka-vaya, muhutu jivida evha, paśaho udaka-vaya.)(若人壽百歲──不見生滅法,不如生一日──得見生滅法。)

Udakāyatikā,【陰】水管。

Udakumbha,【陽】水壺。

Udakogha,【陽】洪水。

Udagga,【形】興高采烈的,非常高興的,歡喜的。

Udañcana,【中】(用來舀水的)瓢,桶子。

Udadhi,【陽】大海。

Udapādi, (udapajjati 的【過】), ,出現,起來,起源。

Udapāna,【陽】井。jarudapāna,【陽】古井。

Udaya(<ud + i, cp. udeti),【陽】上升(rise),生長(growth),增加(increase),收入(income),利息(interest)生滅(rise and fall)生死(birth & death )udayatthika增加欲望(desirous of increase)利息(interest)財富(wealth)udayatthagama,【陽】生滅udayabbaya(ud-aya + vy-aya),【陽】生滅,增減,生死。udayabbayañāṇa (udaya+vaya+ñāṇa)生滅智,是觀照諸行法生滅之智。Udayabbayānupassī生滅隨觀:即正看生和滅(Udayabbayānupassīti udayañca vayañca passanto.)(AA.4.41.)。「生滅」是簡稱一切名法、色法的共相;「生」(jāti)、「住」(sthiti)、「異」(jarā)、「滅」(anityatā)」則被稱為「有為()四相」,但是究竟來說,一剎那可被觀察的名法、色法只具有「生jāti、住hiti、滅vaya or anicca」三相。

Udayanta, (udayati 的【現), 上升,成長的。

Udayati (u+i +a), 升,出來,增加。參考 udeti

Udayana,【中】上升。

Udara,【中】腹,胃,懷孕(the belly, stomach;(pregnant))udaraggi,【陽】消化之火(the fire of the belly or stomach)udarapaala,【中】腹部的黏液薄膜。udaravadehaka,【副】把胃填充到極限。 ; Sdhp 102. -- 2. cavity, interior, inside(mandir-odare). udarūnûdara with empty belly; cp. ūna.
 udar
āvadehaka (adv.) bhunjati to eat to fill the stomach, eat to satiety, to be gluttonous. udarapaala the mucous membrane of the stomach. --udarapūra stomachfilling.udaravaṭṭi “belly-sack”, belly). udaravāta the wind of the belly, stomach-ache

Udariya,【中】胃中未消化的食物。

Udahāraka,【陽】水的搬運器。(udahārikā,【陰】)

Udahāriya,【中】搬運水的動作。

Udāna,【中】有感而發表,一種情緒地發表。

Udāneti (u+ā+nī+e), 以強烈的情緒發表。

Udāra,【形】貴族,優良的,很棒的,高。

Udāsīna,【形】漠不關心的,消極的。

Udāhaa, (udāharati 的【過)已做聲,已背誦。

Udāhaavelā(udāhaa已做聲+velā時間)﹐【陰】在已說的時候。

Udāharaa,【中】例子,實例。

Udāharati (u+har+a), 做聲,背誦。udāhari,【過】。

Udāhāra,【陽】說話,演講。

Udāhu,【無】或。

Udikkhati (u+ikkh+a),看著,審視。udikkhi,【過】。udikkhita,【過】。

Udikkhitar,【陽】看著的人(one who looks for or after D.III,167.)

Udikkhiya (udikkhati 的【獨】), 看到了,看著了。

Udicca(= Sk. udañc, f. udīcī northern, the north),【形】貴族,來自北方的(“rising”, used in a geographical sense of the N. W. country, i. e. north-westerly, of north-western origin)

Udita1 (udeti 的【過), 已升起,已高,已提高(risen, high, elevated)

Udita2 (pp. of vad, see vadati), 已說(spoken, proclaimed)

Udīraa(< udīreti),【中】說話,敍述(utterance, saying)

Udīrita (Udīreti的【過), 做聲,發言(uttered)

Udīreti (u+ir +e), 1.推動,擾亂(to set in motion, stir up, cause)2.做聲,發言(to utter, proclaim, speak, say)udīresi,【過】。udīyati (uddiyyati = Sk. udīryate),【過】。

Udu (= *tu? cp. utu & uju) ,【形】直、正直(straight, upright, in udumano straight-minded)

Udukkhala(Sk. ulukhala),【陽】【中】研缽(a mortar)

Udumbara(Sk. udumbara),【陽】無花果(the glomerous fig tree, Ficus Glomerata優曇鉢果)

Udeti (u+i +a), 升,出來,增加(to go out or up, to rise (of the sun), to come out, to increase)udesi,【過】。udita,【過】。

Udosita, 【陽】小屋。

Udda,【陽】水獺(otter)

Uddasseti (u+dis指出+e), 出示,揭示。uddassesi,【過】。

Uddāna,【中】1.列表,目錄,目次,溫拕南頌,攝頌。《分別功德論》:「撰三藏訖,錄十經為一偈,所以爾者,為將來誦習者,懼其忘誤,見名憶本,思惟自寤。」2.串,束,群。

Uddāpa,【陽】城堡,監獄。

Uddāma,【形】範圍之外,不安靜的。

Uddālaka,【陽】臘腸樹,鼓捶樹(一種東印度群島産的喬木 (Cassia Fistula),莢果,果肉藥用——亦稱致瀉決明 (purging cassia))

Uddālana,【中】扯出。

Uddālanaka (< uddālana > ud + dāleti), 【形】扯掉(referring to destruction or vandalism, tearing out)

Uddāleti (u+dāl +e), 扯掉。uddālesi,【過】。

Uddiṭṭha, (Uddisati的【過) 指出,任命,分配,背誦。

Uddisati (u+dis指出+a), 指出,任命,分配,背誦。uddisi,【過】。inf. uddisitu

Uddisāpeti (Uddisati的【使】), 令背誦,使分配。

Uddissa (=uddisiva), (uddisati 的【獨】), 關於,由於,爲。uddissakata,【形】分配,意謂。

Uddīpanā,【陰】1.解釋。2.削尖。

Uddeka, udreka,【陽】1.打嗝。2.噴出。

Uddesa(< uddisati) --,【陽】1.指示(1. pointing out, setting forth, proposition, exposition, indication, programme)2.解釋(explanation)3.朗誦。uddesaka,【形】指出的人,背誦者。D.16./II,100.Tathāgatassa kho, Ānanda, na eva hoti-- ‘Aha bhikkhusagha pariharissāmī’ti vā ‘mamuddesiko bhikkhusagho’ti vā.(阿難!如來不如是思惟:「我將統領比丘眾」或「比丘眾依我的引導。」)

Uddesika,【形】指引,提到,紀念物。( vassa【合】), 的年齡。

Uddehaka,【副】起泡地,沸騰地。

Uddha,【形】上面的,向上的。uddhagga,【形】頂端向上的,顯著的,有益的。uddhaggika,【形】促進精神上的福利的。uddha tiriya apācīna, nandi tesa na vijjati.(於上下四方,對於他們(諸佛)無可喜樂的。據註釋書:「上下四方」有三釋:()上為頭髮之頂,下為蹠,左右為中央。()上為過去,下為未來,四方為現在。()上為天界,下為惡趣,四方為人界。

Uddhambhāgiya-sayojana﹐上分結;證悟阿羅漢道,這五上分結也被完全斷除;它們是:對色界生命之欲(色界欲)、對無色界生命之欲(無色界欲)、我慢、掉舉與無明。“Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, uddhambhāgiyāni sayojanāni. Katamāni pañca? Rūparāgo, arūparāgo, māno, uddhacca, avijjā.(諸比丘!有五種上分結。什麼是五?色染、無色染、慢、掉舉、無明。)

Uddhacca(<u+dhu抖落),【中】分心,慌張,掉舉。uddhaccakukkucca, 掉舉.懊悔。古譯作:調戲蓋。uddhaccapakatika(=uddhato hoti capalo)﹐有掉舉的性質。Abhidhammatthavibhāvinīṭīkā(阿毘達摩義廣釋)(CS:p.108)Uddhatassa bhāvo uddhacca, ta cittassa avūpasama-lakkhaa pāsāṇābhighāta-samuddhata-bhasma viya.(動搖的狀態,為掉舉;心的不寂靜相,譬如拿起石頭丟灰燼。)《法集論》Dhammasagaṇī#1165(PTS:1162):什麼是掉舉?那個心掉舉、不寂靜、心的擾亂、心的混亂--這稱為掉舉。(Tattha katama uddhacca? Ya cittassa uddhacca avūpasamo cetaso vikkhepo bhantatta cittassa--ida vuccati uddhacca.) AA.1.2.(CS:p.1.26)Tattha uddhacca nāma cittassa uddhatākāro. Kukkucca nāma akatakalyāṇassa katapāpassa tappaccayā vippaisāro.(掉舉為心的作動搖。掉舉:後悔不作善的因緣,作惡的因緣。) SA.46.51./III,167.Apica cha dhammā uddhaccakukkuccassa pahānāya savattanti-- (1)bahussutatā, (2)paripucchakatā, (3)Vinaye pakataññutā, (4)vuddhasevitatā, (5)kalyāṇamittatā, (6)sappāyakathāti.(斷「掉舉與懊惱」有六種方法:1.多聞正法(bahussutatā)2.深究正法 (paripucchakatā遍問)3.於戒律上知取捨(vinaye pakataññutā)4.親近長者(vuddhasevitā)5.親近善友(kalyāṇamittatā)6.適當的談話(sappāyakathā))

Kukkuccika, 【形】掉舉的。

Uddhaa, (uddharati 的【過)

Uddhata,【過】已搖動,已傲慢。

Uddhana,【中】灶,爐灶,燃燒處,烤箱。

Uddhapāda,【形】腳後跟向上的。

Uddhamma,【陽】邪法,錯誤的教義。

Uddharaa,【中】升高,拉出,連根拔起。

Uddharati (u+har+a), 升起,拉出,收拾,除去,連根拔起。uddhari,【過】。

Uddha,【副】高聳,在上面,向前地,因此。uddhagama,【形】向上去。uddhabhāgiya,【形】上部份的。uddhavirecana,【中】嘔吐,引起嘔吐的動作。uddhasota,【形】在生活的風潮裡往上升。

Uddhaseti (u+dhas落下﹑毀滅+e), 破壞,帶來毀滅。uddhaesi,【過】。

Uddhāra,【陽】撤退,拉出。

Uddhumāta, uddhumātaka,【形】腫脹的,浮腫的。在命終之後肉體漸漸膨大,如吹滿風的皮囊,所以叫「腫脹」,可作不淨觀(asubha)

Uddhumāyati (u+dhum+ya),腫起來,噴出。uddhumāyi,【過】。uddhumāyita,【過】。

Udraya, uddaya,【形】出產的,引起。(只有在 【合】中)

Udrīyati, uddīyati (u+dar+ī+ya), 爆裂,掉入塊中。udrīyi, uddīyi,【過】。

Udrīyana,【中】爆裂,跌倒。

Undura, undūra,【陽】鼠。

Unnata (unnamati 的【過), 已升起,已高,已高

UnnatiUṇṇati﹐【陰】上升,提高,增加。

Unnadati (u+nad +a), 呼喊,吼,嗚響。unnadi,【過】。unnadita,【過】。

Unnama,【陽】提高。

Unnamati (u+nam+a), 升起,興隆,彎上。unnami,【過】。

Unnala, unnaa,【形】無禮的,自大的,驕傲的。Unnaḷāti uggatanaḷā, uṭṭhitatucchamānāti vutta hoti.(自大:已升起度量器,站起來憑空度量)(M.5.CS:p.1.157)

Unnāda,【陽】呼喊,大噪音。unnādī,【形】吵雜的,吵鬧的。(unnādinī,【陰】)

Unnādeti (unnadati 的【使】), 使嗚響。

Upaupa-近,全部。

Upaka (=upaga),【形】接近的,屢次的。brahmalokūpago,接近梵天界

Upakaccha, upakacchaka,【中】腋窩、胳肢窩(armpit),坳洞。台語:過耳豅空、kue hinn7 lang khang,胳下豅kue e7 lang,胳下空kueh e7 khang

Upakaṭṭha,【形】靠近,接近的。

Upakaḍḍhati (upa+kaḍḍh+a), 拖近,拉近。upakaḍḍhi,【過】。upakaḍḍhita,【過】。

Upakaṇṇaka,【中】能夠聽到他人耳語的地方。upakaṇṇake,【形】秘密地。

Upakappati (upa+kapp+a), 走進,造益,適當。

Upakappana,【中】upakappanā,【陰】走進,利益。

Upakaraa,【陽】工具(台語:傢俬ke si),配備,器具,必需品,幫忙,支援,準備。

Upakaroti (upa+kar+o), 幫助,支援,服侍。upakari,【過】。

Upakāra,【陽】幫忙,支援,好意。upakāraka,【形】幫助的,有效的,助手的。

Upakārikā,【陰】1.女施主。2.(建築)扶壁。

Upakārī,【陽】幫忙者,恩人。

Upakūjati (upa+kūj +a), 唱,吱喳而嗚。upakūji,【過】。

Upakūjita (Upakūjati的【過), 已響亮著鳥鳴,已充滿著鳥鳴。

Upakūlita,【過】已起皺紋,已唱,已烤。

Upakkama,【陽】方法,手段,方式,侵犯。

Upakkamati (upa+kam(kram)超越+a), 努力,從事,開始,攻擊。upakkami,【過】。Upakkamana,【中】攻擊,逼近。

Upakkītaka,【陽】買來的奴隸。

Upakkiliṭṭha,【形】弄髒,不純的,沾染。

Upakkilesa(upa+ kilis(kliś)被折磨﹑被弄髒,upakleśa),【陽】近污染、上煩惱(《雜阿含經》譯)(defilement),污穢(impurity),翳(A.4.50.),任何破壞或阻隔的事(anything that spoils or obstructs)SA.47.8./III,201.Upakkilesāti pañca nīvaraṇā(近污染︰五蓋)《布喻經》說:十六種心的近煩惱:1.abhijjhāvisamalobho(貪欲)(abhijjhā貪婪【陰】+visama不平順的【形】+lobha貪欲【陽】)byāpādo(拂逆、瞋), kodho(忿), upanāho(), makkho(), paḷāso(惱害), issā(), macchariya(), māyā(詐瞞), sāṭheyya(), thambho(頑迷), sārambho(性急、激憤), māno(), atimāno(過慢), mado(), pamādo(放逸) (M.7./I,36-37)。《清淨道論》說十種染:obhāso(光明), ñāṇaṁ(), pīti(), passaddhi(輕安), sukha(), adhimokkho(勝解), paggaho(策勵), upaṭṭhāna(現起), upekkhā(), nikantī() (Vism.633.)cetaso upakkilese paññāya dubbalīkarae,心的污穢,使智慧微弱之行為(心穢、慧羸)

Upakkuṭṭha, (upakkosati 的【過)

Upakkosa,【陽】責備,責難。

Upakkosati (upa+kus(kruś)大叫+a), 責備,責怪,責駡。upakkosi,【過】。

Upakkhaa, Upakkhata(pp. of upakaroti),【形】準備,管理,帶近(done as a favour or service, given, prepared, administered D.I,127 (= sajjita DA.I,294); Pv.II.84 (= sajjita PvA.107); J.VI.139; Miln.156.

Upakkhalana,【中】絆倒。

Upaga,【形】(在【合】中) 去到,到達,進入,在,産生。

Upagacchati (upa+gam+a), 1.走進,進入,接近2.從事。upagacchi,【過】。upagaccheyya﹐【祈】。upagantvā, upagamma,【獨】。upagata,【過】。

Upagahāti(upa + gahāti)﹐把取(to take up (for meditation) Miln.38)

Upagata, (Upagacchati的【過) 走進(gone to),遭受(come),從事(approached)

Upagamana,【中】接近,經歷,承諾。

Upagamma(upagacchati 的【獨】), 走進了。

Upagūhati (upa+gūh+a), 擁抱。upagūhi,【過】。upagūhita,【過】。

Upagūhana,【中】擁抱(to embrace)

Upagghāta,【陽】顛簸,突然的猛烈動作。

Upaghāta,【陽】upaghātana,【中】敲擊,傷害,受傷。S.42.9./IV,324.Aṭṭha kho, gāmai, hetū, aṭṭha paccayā kulāna upaghātāya.  1Rājato vā kulāni upaghāta gacchanti, 2corato vā kulāni upaghāta gacchanti, 3aggito vā kulāni upaghāta gacchanti udakato vā kulāni upaghāta gacchanti, 4nihita vā hānā vigacchati, 5duppayuttā vā kammantā vipajjanti, 6kule vā kulagāroti uppajjati, 7yo te bhoge (S.42.9./IV,325.) vikirati vidhamati viddhaseti, 8aniccatāye aṭṭhamīti.(聚落主!家之損毀有八種因、八種緣。(1)家為國王所毀,(2)家為盜賊所毀,(3)家為火災焚毀,(4)家為水災淹沒,(5)工作失利,(6)家有敗家子,(7)分散、毀滅、破壞財富,(8)無常為第八。)

Upaghātaka, upaghātī,【形】有害的,切短,破壞,傷害或破壞的人。

Upaghātakakamma【中】毀壞業,此善或不善業中止了較弱的業,而引生自己的果報。

Upacaya,【陽】積聚。

Upacarati (upa+car+a), 處理,準備好。upacari,【過】。

Upacarita (Upacarati的【過), 已熟練,已服侍。

Upacāra,【陽】附近,準備或初步的行動。upacāra-samādhi近行定或近分定(已降伏五蓋,靠近禪那的定力,已具有五禪支,但不穩定)。初禪定與近行定共為「有尋有伺」(savitakka-savicāra)Vism.126:「這裡「於近行地」則以捨斷諸蓋而等持於心,「於獲得地」(安止地)則以諸支現前(而等持於心)。這二種定有如下的種種作用:於近行定,諸支是不強固的,因為諸支未生強力之故。譬如幼孩,引他站立而屢屢跌倒在地,如是於近行生起時,他的心有時以相為所緣有時墮於有分。於安止定則諸支強固,因為有強力之故。譬如有力之人,從坐而起,可以整天的站立,如安止定生起之時,則他的心一時斷絕有分,整夜整日亦可持續,因以善的速行次第(相續)作用。」Vibhv.PTS:p.114.Nāccāsannopi hi nātidūrappavatti samīpacārī nāma hoti, appana upecca caratīti vā upacāra. (非常接近、不太遠、接近之稱;運行於靠近了安止,稱為近行)Vibhv.p.197.Nīvaraavikkhambhanato paṭṭhāya gotrabhūpariyosānā kāmāvacarabhāvanā upacārabhāvanā nāma.(自從鎮伏()蓋以來,到種姓心的盡頭,在欲界的修習,稱為近行修習)

Upacikā(connected with Sk. upadīkā),【陰】白蟻(termite)

Upaciṇṇa (upacināti 的【過), 已熟練,已經常出入,已累積。

Upacita, (Upacināti的【過) 已收集,已累積,已建立。

Upacināti (upa+ci +nā), 收集,累積,建立。【過】upacini。【被】upacīyativammikovupacīyati﹐如築蟻塚。

Upaccagā (upa+ati超越+gam+a,【三..過完】) 他逃脫,他經過,他克服。

Upacchindati (upa+chid切斷+-a), 中斷,折斷,破壞。upacchindi,【過】。

Upacchinna, (upacchindati的【過) 中斷,折斷,破壞。

Upaccheda(upa全部+cheda),【陽】中止,破壞,中斷。upacchedaka,【形】破壞,停止。

Upajīvati (upa+jīv +a),倚賴,寄生。upajīvi,【過】。

Upajīvī,【形】倚賴,寄生,侍從,食客。

Upajjha, upajjhāya,【陽】和尚(古譯:和上)宗教導師,戒師。于闐等地則稱和社、和闍(khosha)《善見律》(T24.792.3):「和上者,外國語,漢言知罪、知無罪,是名和上。」Vin.Cv.II,228.“Upajjhāyena, bhikkhave, saddhivihāriko sagahetabbo anuggahetabbo 1uddesena 2paripucchāya 3ovādena 4anusāsaniyā.”(諸比丘!戒師應通過1讀誦(教導背誦經典)2詢問(考問經典的義理)3教誡(對還沒發生的事情教導)4隨教授(對於已發生事情的教導,或反復的教導。)來攝護、攝受弟子。) 《四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔》卷上(之三) (T40.31.1)︰「相傳云︰和尚為力生(道力由成),闍梨為正行(能糾正弟子行),未見經論,雜含中外道亦號師為和尚。弟子者,學在我後,名之為弟,解從我生,名之為子。」《大比丘三千威儀》卷上(T24.917.3)︰「和上當有十五德。一者當知戒。二者當持戒。三者當不犯戒。四者當知經。五者當自守。六者當教經。七者當教誡。八者當教習意。九者當教稍稍受。十者當教法則。十一者當自有隱德。十二者能致檀越。十三者不得有獨匿心。十四者人持物來。當言皆為眾人物。十五者占視病瘦。當令差。」

Upaññāta, (upajānāti 的【過), 已發現,已學,已知。

Upaṭṭhāna(fr. upa +hā (sthā))﹐【中】1.隨侍,現起(attendance, waiting on, looking after, service, care, ministering)2.服務(worship, (divine) service)Buddhupaṭṭhāna, 佛陀的侍者(attendance on a Buddha)3.(a state room)upaṭṭhānasambhāra, 資糧(means of catering, provisions PvA.20. )upaṭṭhānasālā, 服務處,集會所(hall for attendance, assembly room, chapel)

Upaṭṭhapeti (upaṭṭhahati的【使】), 令伺候,使提供,使獲得,使頒佈,使出席。upaṭṭhapesi,【過】。【不】upaṭṭhāpetu,【獨】upaṭṭhāpetvāupaṭṭhāpessanti, 3..未】。

Upaṭṭhahati, Upaṭṭhāti (upa+hā +a), 等候,侍候,看護,站立在近處,近住,全部存續upaṭṭhahi, upaṭṭhāsi,【過】。upaṭṭhita,【過】。ratti upaṭṭhitā, 夜晚降臨。

Upaṭṭhahitvā, upaṭṭhitvā, upaṭṭhiya, (Upaṭṭhahati的【獨】), 侍候了。

Upaṭṭhāka,【陽】僕人,護士,者。世尊成道後二十年間的侍者曾經有:Nāgasamālo那伽娑摩羅(Ud.8-7Thag.no.186.vv.267~270)Nāgito那祇(或作那提迦A.5.30.A.6.42.A.8.86.=《雜阿含1250經》、Thag.no.86.v.86.)Upavāṇo優波摩那(S.7.13.=《雜阿含1181經》、S.12.26.S.35.70.= 《雜阿含252經》、S.46.8.=《雜阿719經》、Thag.no.153.vv.185~186.)Sunakkhatto須那迦陀(善宿)(D.24.波梨經等), Cundo純陀(??Thag.no.131.vv.141-142.)Nando難陀(Thag.no.139.vv.157-158.)Sāgato娑竭陀(A.1.14./I,25.他是火界善巧者Tejodhātukusalāna)Meghiyo(Mihira)彌醯(Ud.4-1Thag.no.66.v.66.) (JA.v.456./IV,95.)

JA.v.456./IV,95.1Sace me bhante, Bhagavā attanā laddhacīvara na dassati, 2piṇḍapāta na dassati, 3Ekagandhakuiya vasitu na dassati, 4ma gahetvā nimantana na gamissati, 5sace pana Bhagavā mayā gahita nimantana gamissati, 6sace aha tiroraṭṭhā tirojanapadā Bhagavanta daṭṭhu āgata parisa āgatakkhaeyeva dassetu,(JA.IV,96.) 7labhissāmi yadā me kakhā uppajjati, tasmi khaeyeva Bhagavanta upasakamitu labhissāmi, 8sace ya Bhagavā mama parammukhā dhamma katheti, ta āgantvā mayha kathessati, evāha Bhagavanta upaṭṭhahissāmī”ti ime cattāro paikkhepe catasso ca āyācanāti aṭṭha vare yāci, Bhagavāpissa adāsi.((阿難尊者作世尊侍者的條件︰)(1)我不接受世尊的衣。(2)不接受(世尊的)缽食。(3)(與世尊)同住香室。(4)世尊接受邀請供養,我不陪同。(5)如果有邀請供養,將邀請轉給世尊。(6)如果有遠客,有權引導來客見世尊。(7)如果我有任何疑惑,有權在那時往詣世尊(釐清它們)(8)當我不在場,世尊所說的法,他有權私下請世尊為他重說一遍。如蒙應允,我願意侍侯世尊。」四個拒絕、四個懇求,共請求八個恩惠,世尊都允諾了)

Upaṭṭhāna,【中】候,照顧,理解。upaṭṭhānasālā,【陰】出席的廳堂,集會廳。

Upaṭṭhāpana (< upa + sthā) ,【中】候,照顧,理解(attendance, service Vin.IV,291.)

Upaṭṭhita (upaṭṭhāti 的【過), 已準備好,已到達,已出席,已服侍。

Upaayhati (upa+dah放置+ya), 被燃燒。upaayhi,【過】。

Upaḍḍha,【形】一半。【中】一半。

Upatappati (upa+tap(tap)+a), 焦急,苦惱。upatappi,【過】。

Upatāpa,【陽】upatāpana,【中】惱怒,麻煩,懊悔。

Upatāpaka,【形】引起痛苦的,引起懊悔的。

Upatāpeti (upa+tap(tap)+e), 使痛苦,使苦惱,騷擾。upatāpesi,【過】。upatāpita,【過】。

Upatiṭṭhati (upa+hā +a), 站在,目送。upaṭṭhāsi,【過】。

Upatthaddha,【形】僵硬,支援。

Upatthambha,【陽】upatthambhana,【中】支援,鼓勵,支持者。upatthambhaka,【形】支援,維持。upatthambhakamma, 支助業。

Upatthambakakamma【中】支助業,它沒有機會產生結生的業,但它延長令生業(janakakamma)所生的善惡報,或者是支助令生業所生的五蘊。

Upatthambheti (upa+thamb+e), 使堅定,支援,支援,維持。upatthambhesi,【過】。upatthambhita,【過】。

Upatthara,【陽】地毯,毯子,遮蓋物。

Upadaseti(= upadasseti), 使顯耀(to cause to appear, to manifest),顯出愉悅(to show pleasure),產生(to bring forth (a goad, and so incite, urge on))S.2.29./I,65.(全身)上下光色炳煥(uccāvacā vaṇṇanibhā upadaseti.)

Upadasseti (upa+dis指出+e), 使顯然,顯示。upadassesi,【過】。upadassita,【過】。

Upadahati (upa+dah放置+a), 供給,給,引起。upadahi,【過】。

Upadiṭṭha, (Upadisati的【過) 已指出,已頒佈,已指定。

Upadisati (upa+dis指出+a), 指出,勸告,顯示。upadisi,【過】。

Upadisana,【中】指出,忠告。

Upadissati (Upadisana的【被】), 出現。

Upadesa,【陽】忠告,指示,指令。

Upaddava,【陽】不幸,危難,危險。dukkhupaddava,【陽】苦命。ācariyūpaddava,煩師(為師者之災患)antevāsūpaddava, 煩弟子(為弟子者之災患)brahmacariyupadava, 煩梵行(為梵行者之災患)

Upaddaveti (upa+dav+e), 騷擾,困擾。upaddavesi,【過】。

Upadduta, (Upaddaveti的【過) 騷擾dukkhena upaddutā, 苦命。

Upadhāna,【中】枕頭,【形】引起,令人難忘的。

Upadhāraa,【中】容器,奶桶。upadhāraṇā,【陰】計算,考慮。

Upadhārita, (Upadhāreti的【過】推測,留心,考慮,總結。

Upadhāreti (upa+dhar+e), 推測,留心,考慮,總結。upadhāresi,【過】。

Upadhāvati (upa+dhāv+a), 跑到,追逐。upadhāvi,【過】。

Upadhāvana,【中】追趕。

Upadhi,【陽】再生的基質(substratum of rebirth),執著(attachment﹐《雜阿含經》譯作:億波提)upadhika,【形】表現對再生的執著。

Upanata, [upanamati靠近] 的【過】。

Upanaddha, (Upanandhati的【過) 懷敵意,抱怨

Upanandhati(upa+nah+ya) 懷敵意,抱怨。upanandhi,【過】。

Upanamati (upa+nam+a), 下決心的,靠近,出席。upanami,【過】。

Upanamana,【中】決心要,專心於,帶近來。

Upanaya(< upa + ni),【陽】1.帶近來(bringing near)2.啟蒙,入門(initiation)

Upanayana(< upa + ni; cp. naya & nayana),【中】1.帶近來。2.啟蒙,入門。

Upanayhati (upa+nah+ya), 懷敵意,包裝。upanayhi,【過】。

Upanayhanā,【陰】1.惡意,敵意。2.包上。

Upanāmita, (Upanāmeti的【過) 帶近來,提供

Upanāmeti (upa+nam+e), 帶近來,提供。upanāmesi,【過】。

Upanāyika,【形】接近的,運送的。attupanāyiko dhammapariyāyo﹐自通之法(即以己(ㄉㄨㄛˋ測量)他情。S.55.7./V,353.)Dvemātikāpāḷi(CS:p.124.)Attupanāyikanti attani ta upaneti “mayi atthī”ti samudācaranto,  attāna vā tattha upaneti “aha ettha sandissāmī”ti samudācarantoti attupanāyiko,  ta attupanāyika.(自通之法:以自己的呈現這樣--在心裡出現以我的立場,自己設身處地呈現以自己在此同意在心上自通)

Upanāha(<upa + nah, see upanayhati, same in BSk),【陽】惡意,敵意。

Upanāhī,【形】懷惡意的人,挑剔,報復

Upanikkhitta, (Upanikkhipati的【過), 已置在旁邊,已放下。

Upanikkhipati (upa+ni+khip+a), 近存,貯存。upanikkhipi,【過】。

Upanikkhipana,【中】upanikkhepa,【陽】放下,近存。

Upanighasati (upa+ni+ghas+a), 接近,壓破。upanighasi,【過】。

Upanijjhāna,【中】考慮,反省(meditation, reflection Miln.127; Vism 418)

Upanijjhāyati (upa+ni+jha+ya), 沉思,反省。upanijjhāyi,【過】。

Upanidhā,【陰】upanidhi,【陽】比較,保證。

Upanidhāya(ger. of upa + nidahati of dhā),【無】與比較(comparing in comparison)

Upanipajjati (upa+ni+pad+ya), 接近地躺下。upanipajji,【過】。upanipanna,【過】。

Upanibandha,【陽】關係親密,【形】依靠的,接觸的。

Upanibaddha, (Upanibandhati的【過) 繫在附近,懇求。

Upanibandhati (upa+ni+bandh+-a), 繫在附近,懇求。upanibandhi,【過】。

Upanibandhana,【中】1.關係親密。2.硬要。

Upanisā,【陰】因素,方法,相似物,所依

Upanisīdati (upa+ni+sad+a), 坐近(《奧義書》(Upanisad)的本意即是坐近’)upanisīdi,【過】。upanisinna,【過】。

Upanisevati (upa+ni+si眠﹑臥+a), 精密地結交。

Upanissaya,【陽】潛能,基礎,有能力(證得聖位)upanissayasampatti﹐有潛能證得聖位。

Upanissāya,【獨】仰賴,依靠。【副】靠近,附近。

Upanissita (Upanissayati的【過) 已依賴,已依靠。

Upanissayati(upa+ni+si眠﹑臥+a), 精密地結交,仰賴。upanissayi,【過】。

Upanīta (upaneti 的【過), 已提出(訴訟),已引出,已提供。

Upanīya, (upaneti 的【獨】), 帶近來了,責難。

Upanīyati (Upaneti的【被】), 被引出,被運〔搬,帶〕走。

Upaneti (upa+nī+e), 提出,轉呈,呈現,給。upanesi,【過】。upanetabba, 【義】。

Upantika,【形】近。【中】鄰近。

Upapajjati (upa+pad去﹑行+ya), 顯現,往生,投胎。upapajji,【過】。upapajjeyya﹐【祈】

Upapatti(<upa+pad, cp.uppatti),【陰】生(birth),再生(rebirthlit.attainment)2.時機(occasion),機會(opportunitylit.coming to)Deva-upapatti﹐再生於天人之間(rebirth among gods)Upapatti-deva天人再生(a god by birth)

Upapanna(upapajjati 的【過), 已持有,已形成,已再生。

Upaparikkhana,【中】upaparikkhā,【陰】調查,考試。Ps.ACS:pg.1.95.Upaparikkhanaṭṭho vīmasaṭṭho.(調查義,為觀義)

Upaparikkhati (upa+ pari+ikkh(īk)+a), 調查。upaparikkhi,【過】。

Upapāramī,【陰】較小的完美。

Upapīḷaka,【形】壓迫的,妨礙的。

Upapīḷā,【陰】壓抑,阻塞。

Upapīḷakakamma﹐阻礙業此業不能產生結生之業,但能夠阻礙、縮短令生業(janakakamma)的善或惡報。它導致原本能投生到高等善趣或家庭的令生業,變成只投生到較低等的善趣或家庭;長命變短命;美貌變醜貌。反之,能投生大地獄的不善令生業,變成投生小地獄。

Upapīḷeti, (upa+pīḷ+e), 壓迫,壓破,折磨,使屈服。【過】(upapīḷesi。【過upa pīḷita。【獨】upapīḷetvā。參考 pīḷeti

Upabbūḷha,【形】擁擠的,盡全力。

Upabrūhana,【中】增加,擴大。

Upabrūheti (upa+brūh+e), 增加,擴張。upabrūhesi,【過】。upabrūhita,【過】。

Upabhuñjaka,【形】吃者,享受者,經歷者。

Upabhoga,【陽】享樂,利潤,使用。【形】可享受的。

Upabhogī,【形】吃者,享受者,經歷者。參考 upabhuñjaka

Upama,【形】(在【合】中) 同樣的,相似的,有特質

Upamā,【陰】upamāna,【中】直喻,寓言,比較。

Upamita, (Upameti的【過) 比較

Upameti (upa+mā測量+e), 比較。upamesi,【過】。

Upameyya,【形】要比較的,把比作。

Upaya(<upa+i, cp.upāya),【陽】接近(approach),從事(undertaking),執著(clinging to, attachment)

Upayācati (upa+yāc+a), 請求,乞求,懇求。upayāci,【過】。

Upayāti (upa+yā+a), 走進。

Upayuñjati (upa+yuj連接+-a) 接連(connect with),應用(to use, to apply)upayuñji,【過】。upayutta,【過】。

Upayoga(<upa+yuj),【陽】連接(connection),結合(combination),雇用(employment),應用(application)upayogattavacana﹐連接記號或省略詞記號(ellipsis)upayogavacana, 業格、受格、對格、賓格(accusative)

Uparajja,【中】副王之位(viceroyalty)

Uparata (Uparamati 的【過), 已終止,已戒除,已停止。

Uparati,【陰】uparamana,【中】停止,抑制。

Uparamati (upa+ram+a), 終止,停止,抑制。uparami,【過】。

Uparāja,【陽】副王。

Upari,【無】上面,在,在之上,上部的。upariṭṭha,【形】最高的,位於上面的。uparipāsāda,【陽】宮殿的上層樓。uparibhāga,【陽】上部分。uparimukha,【形】面向上。

Uparima,【形】最上的。

Uparujjhati (upa+rudh成長+ya) ( uparundhati‘停止的【被】),被停止,被破滅uparujjhi,【過】。uparuddha,【過】。

Uparundhati (upa+rudh+-a), 控制,停止,阻礙。uparundhi,【過】。uparuddha,【過】。

Upala,【陽】石。

Upalakkhaṇā,【陰】辨別。

Upalakkhita, (Upalakketi的【過) 區別

Upalakketi (upa+lakkh+e), 區別。upalakkesi,【過】。

Upaladdha (upalabhati 的【過), 已獲得,已找到。

Upaladdhi,【陰】獲得,見解。

Upalabbhati (Upalabhati的【被】), 要找的,存在。D.16./II,151.“Yasmi kho, Subhadda, dhammavinaye ariyo aṭṭhagiko maggo na upalabbhati, samaopi tattha na upalabbhati.(須跋!於任何法、律中,不存在八支聖道者,其處則不存在(第一)沙門果。)(也不存在第一、第三、第四沙門果) “suññā parappavādā samaebhi aññehi. Ime ca , Subhadda, bhikkhū sammā vihareyyu, asuñño loko arahantehi assāti.”(外道沙門之言論皆是空虛。然,須跋!若諸比丘住此正道者,此世間則不空缺阿羅漢。)

Upalabhati (upa+labh+a), 獲得,拿,找。upalabhi,【過】。

Upalāpana,【中】說服,欺騙。

Upalāpeti (upa+lap嘮叨+e), 說服,哄。upalāpesi,【過】。upalāpita,【過】。

Upalāleti (upa+lal+e), 撫愛,愛。upalālesi,【過】。upalālita,【過】。

Upalitta, (Upalimpati的【過) 塗污,弄髒,感染

Upalimpati (upa+li+-a), ,弄髒,感染。upalimpi,【過】。

Upalepa,【陽】upalimpana,【中】塗料,弄髒,塗。

Upavajja,【形】該受責備的。

Upavattana,【形】有在近旁的。

Upavadati (upa+vad+a), 責怪,侮辱。upavadi,【過】。, upavadeyyu3p.祈】。

Upavana,【中】在附近的森林。

Upavasati (upa+vas+a),住在,觀察。upavasi,【過】。upavuttha,【過】。

Upavāda,【陽】責怪,侮辱。upavādaka,【形】挑剔,責備。

Upavādī,【形】責怪者,挑剔者。

Upavāyati (upa+vā+a), 吹向。upavāyi,【過】。

Upavāsa,【陽】絕食,齋戒,戒除享樂。

Upavāsana,【中】芳香。

Upavāseti (upa+vas+e), 灑香水。upavāsesi,【過】。

Upavicāra (upa + vicāra; cp. BSk. upavicāra),【陽】用心、近伺(applying (one’s mind) to, discrimination)

Upavicarati, 用心、近伺。

Upavisati (upa+vis進入+a),來接近,坐下,留下。upavisi,【過】。upaviṭṭha,【過】。upāvisu

Upavīṇa,【陽】琵琶的頸部

Upavīta, (Upavīyati的【過) 被針織

Upavīyati (upa+vā+ī+ya), 被針織。upavīyi,【過】。

Upavutta (upavadati 的【過), 被譴責過。

Upavuttha (upavasati 的【過), 已居住,已保持絕食。

Upasaharaa,【中】upasahāra,【陽】1.聚集,折疊的。2.比較。

Upasaharati (upa+sa+har+a), 收集,集中,比較,把...聯想在一起。upasahari,【過】。upasahaa,【過】。

Upasahita, (pp. of upa + sa + dhā),【形】伴隨(accompanied by, furnished or connected with)kusalūpasahita﹐伴隨善法。atthūpasahita dhammūpasahita﹐伴隨義理、伴隨法。

Upasakamati(BSk.upasakramati) (upa+sa+kam(kram)超越+a), 1.靠近、往詣、拜訪(to approach, come near, to go up to (with Acc.); freq. in stock phrase)upasakami,【過】。upasakanta,【過upasakamitvā, upasakamma,【獨】。upasakamitu,【不】。句型:『yena + 對象A (Nom.) + tena + upasakamati』為「往詣結構」表「往詣A (某人或某處)」。2. to attend on (as a physician), to treat

Upasakamana,【中】靠近。

Upasagga, upassagga, (Sk upasarga, of upa + sj),【陽】1.攻擊,麻煩,危險(attack, trouble, danger)2.字首(prefix, preposition)3.傾注(pouring upon)

Upasanta (upa + śam平息、安靜, upasammati 的【過), 已鎮定,已沉著,已安靜。

Upasama(Sk. upaśama, upa + sam (śam)平息、安靜),【陽】upasamana,【中】鎮靜,止息(calm, quiet, appeasement, allaying, assuagement, tranquillizing)upasamena samannāgata﹐寂止具足(成就心之寂靜)。《長阿含經》譯:止觀具足、止觀成就。upasamānussati, 寂止隨念(隨念涅槃之德)Vism.294︰「如是依驕的粉碎等德而作寂止隨念(的瑜伽)者,那時則無為欲所纏之心,無瞋(所纏之心),無痴所纏之心。然而那時他的心卻成正直等。關於寂止亦如於佛隨念等所說的同樣方法在鎮伏五蓋的剎那生起了諸禪支。因為寂止之德甚深,或因他傾心隨念種種德,故不達安止定,僅得近行之禪。因彼(近行禪)是由於隨念寂止之德而生起,故稱為寂止隨念。」《解脫道論》(T32.434c)︰「云何修彼者,初坐禪人入寂寂坐,攝一切心不起亂心。如彼比丘諸根寂寂,心寂寂,樂一處寂寂,以相應住。彼比丘以身口意,若見若聞,以寂寂念,以寂寂功德。」《增壹阿含3.7經》(T2.556.1)︰「所謂休息者,心意想息,志性詳諦,亦無卒暴,恆專一心,意樂閑居,常求方便入三昧定,常念不貪、勝光上達。如是,諸比丘!名曰念休息,便得具足,成大果報,諸善普至,得甘露味,至無為處,便成神通,除諸亂想,獲沙門果,自致涅槃。

Upasamati (upa + śam in trs. meaning for usual sammati in intrs. meaning), 緩和,平靜(to appease, calm, allay, assuage)pot. upasame = upasameyya nibbāpeyya(Nd1 352)pp. upasanta.

Upasamāna (nt.) = upasama Th.1, 421; Sdhp.335 (dukkhupasamāna).

Upasameti (upa+sam+e), 使緩和,使平靜。upasamesi,【過】。upasamita,【過】。

Upasampajja, (Upasampajjati的【獨】) 1.達到,開始。2.受具足戒。

Upasampajjati (upa+sa+pad(pad)+ya), 1.達到,開始(to attain, enter on, acquire, take upon oneself)2.受具足戒。upasampajji,【過】。upasampanna,【過】。

Upasampadā(< upa + sa + pad(pad)),【陰】1.獲得(taking, acquiring; obtaining, taking upon oneself, undertaking)2.具足戒((in special sense) taking up the bhikkhuship, higher ordination, admission to the privileges of recognized bhikkhus)

Upasampanna,【過1.已持有,已達到。2.已受戒。

Upasampādeti, (upasampajjati 的【使】), 1.生産(to attain to, obtain, produce)2.受比丘戒(to admit to bhikkhuship, to ordain)upasampādesi,【過】。upasampādita,【過】。

Upasamphassati (upa + sam + spṛś), 擁抱(to embrace J.V,297.)

Upasammati (upa+sam+ya)(被動動詞) (Sk. upasamyati), 鎮定,停息,安靜,被所制服(直譯)(to grow calm, to cease, to be settled or composed, to be appeased)

Upasavyāna, 偏袒右肩(“a robe worn over the left shoulder” (Hardy, Index to ed.) VvA.166 (v. l. upavasavya).)

Upasighati (upa+sigh+a), 嗅、嗅到(to sniff at, to sniff up)upasighi,【過】。

Upasighana,【中】嗅。

Upasussati (upa+sus(śu)弄乾+ya), 變乾。upasussi,【過】。

Upasussana,【中】變乾。

Upasecana,【中】(爲美味而)(某物)(食物)

Upasevati (upa+sev(sev)聯合+a), 練習,經常出入,交往。upasevi,【過】。

Upasevanā,【陰】練習,發生次數,交往。

Upasevita,【過upasevati

Upasevī,【形】交往者,使用,練習。

Upasobhati (upa+subh(śubh / śumbh)使漂亮+a), 顯得很美麗。upasobhi,【過】。

Upasobhita, (Upasobhati的【過), 已修飾,已美化,已裝飾。

Upasobheti (upasobhati 的【使】), 美化。upasobhesi,【過】。

Upasoseti (upa+sus+e),乾燥,凋謝。upasosesi,【過】。upasosita,

Upassaṭṭha,【過】壓迫,折磨。

Upassaya,【陽】住所,家。

Upassuti(<upa+su(śru, śru)聽到),【陰】近聞(listening to, attention)upassutika,【陽】近聞者、竊聽者(one who listens, an eavesdropper)

Upahacca, (upahanati 的【獨】), 接觸,傷害,破壞。

Upahaññati (upahanati 的【被】), 被破壞,被傷害。upahaññi,【過】。

Upahata, upahanati的【過傷害,破壞

Upahattu,【陽】帶來者,傳達者。

Upahanati (upa+han+a), 傷害,破壞。upahani,【過】。

Upahāra,【陽】禮物,帶來。

Upāgata (upāgacchati 的【過), 已到達,已達到。

Upātidhāvati (upa + ā + dhāvati), 闖入(to run on or in to Ud.72.)

Upādāna (< upa + ā + dā),【中】取,抓的,執著,燃料(fuel, supply, provision; adj. (-°) supported by, drawing one’s existence from)upādānakkhandha,【陽】取蘊。upādānakkhaya,【陽】執著的消失。【反】anupādāna

Upādāniya(< upādāna, for *upādānika > upādānaka),【形】與執著關聯的(belonging to or connected with upādāna, sensual, (inclined to) grasping; material (of rūpa), derived)

Upādāya, (upādāti 的【獨】), 1.抓住(“taking it up”)2.比較,關於(compared with, alongside of, with reference to, according to)upādāyarūpa﹐所造色,是源自或依靠四大元素產生的色法。

Upādi, Upādi-(=upādāna),【陽】生命的燃料(“stuff of life”, substratum of being, khandha)upādisesa,【形】【陽】有剩餘一些生命的燃料,仍然倚賴著存命(having some fuel of life (= khandhas or substratum) left, i. e. still dependent (on existence), not free, materially determined)。【反】anupādisesa(an-upādi-sesa), 無剩餘(nibbāna, nibbānadhātu or parinibbāna(cp. similarly BSk. anupādi-vimukti M Vastu I.69) completely emancipated, free, without any (material) substratum)

Upādinna, (Upādiyati的【過)抓住,已執取()( grasped at, laid hold of; or “the issue of grasping”)

Upādiyati (upa+ā+dā+i+yaSk. upādatti, BHS upādiyati), 執取(to take hold of),抓住(to grasp)攀緣(cling to)upādiyi,【過】。na kiñci loke upādiyati於世間無任何執取 = parinibbāyati入滅)upādiya , 【現】。ppr.med.upādiyamāna & upādiyānager. upādāya (taking up)pp. upādiṇṇa

Upādhi(upa+ā+dhā),【陽】1.名稱(cushion)2.補充(supplement)

Upāya(< upa + i),【陽】方法(台語︰步數)方便,資源(approach; fig. way, means, expedient, stratagem)upāyakusala,【形】對方法的善巧(clever in resource)upāyakosalla,【中】善巧於手段Instr. upāyenaAbl. upāyaso,方法(by some means, somehow)anupāya, 方法錯誤(wrong means J.I.256; Sdhp 405; without going near, without having a propensity for S.I,181; M.III,25.)

Upāyana(< upa + i, cp),【中】貢(tribute),禮物。

Upāyāsa(upa + āyāsa, cp. BSk. upāyāsa),【陽】惱,悶,傷心事((a kind of) trouble, turbulence, tribulation, unrest, disturbance, unsettled condition)sa-upāyāsa,【陽】有惱。D.22./II,306.Katamo ca, bhikkhave, upāyāso? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa āyāso upāyāso āyāsitatta upāyāsitatta, aya vuccati, bhikkhave, upāyāso.(復次,諸比丘!什麼是呢?諸比丘!凡是有俱若干不幸,被苦法所惱,愁、悶、氣餒、沮喪,諸比丘!這稱為)

Upārambha,【陽】譴責,指責,存心。upārambhapariyesanā﹐【陰】找碴。

Upāvisi (upavisati 的【過】), ()坐。

Upāsaka(<upa + ās, cp. upāsati),【陽】優婆塞(音譯),伊蒲塞(古音譯),在家信徒(a devout or faithful layman, a lay devotee),來接近的人。upāsakatta,【中】信徒的本色《舍利弗阿毘曇論》:法輪既轉,便有聖眾,即說三語,口受三教:歸依佛,歸依法,歸依僧。受此三語已,即名優婆塞。」(卷第六,T28.573.3) Esā…tulā etam pamāṇa mama sāvakāna upāsakāna(此是我諸聲聞優婆塞之量秤、尺度。)A.5.177.Ko ājīvoti pañca micchāvaijjā pahāya dhammena samena jīvitakappana.  Vuttañheta-- “pañcimā, bhikkhave, vaijjā upāsakena akaraṇīyā. Katamā pañca? Satthavaijjā, sattavaijjā, masavaijjā, majjavaijjā, visavaijjā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, pañca vaijjā upāsakena akaraṇīyā”ti.(什麼是他的活命捨斷五種邪貿易,以法公正地維持生命。曾這麼說:『諸比丘!在家信徒不可從事這五種買賣。是哪五種?買賣武器、買賣有情、買賣肉、買賣酒類、買賣毒品。諸比丘!在家信徒不可從事這五種買賣。』) AA.2.2./II,114.Kā vipattīti yā tasseva sīlassa ca ājīvassa ca vipatti, ayamassa vipatti. Api ca yāya esa caṇḍālo ceva hoti, malañca patikuṭṭho ca, sāpissa vipattīti veditabbā.  Te ca atthato assaddhiyādayo pañca dhammā honti.  Yathāha-- “pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato upāsako upāsakacaṇḍālo ca hoti, upāsakamalañca, upāsakapatikuṭṭho ca.  Katamehi pañcahi? Assaddho hoti, dussīlo hoti, kotūhalamagaliko hoti, magala pacceti, no kamma, ito ca bahiddhā dakkhieyya pariyesati, tattha ca pubbakāra karotī”ti (A.5.175./III,206.).(什麼是他(優婆塞)的失壞?他的戒和活命失壞是他的失壞。再者,當知使他成為賤民〈旃陀羅Candala〉、垢穢及卑劣的也是他的失壞。從義上,即他們沒有信等五法。如說:『諸比丘!具足五法的在家信徒成為賤民的在家信徒、垢穢的在家信徒和卑劣的在家信徒。是哪五種?沒有信;惡戒;迷信徴兆;相信祥瑞,而不是業;以及從此(佛教)之外尋求應施者,並先為該處服務。』

Upāsati (upa+ās +a), 照顧,服侍。

Upāsita,【過】。

Upāsana,【中】服務,伺候,箭術,(技術的)訓練。akatūpāsano, 不訓練(S.3.24./I,99.)

Upāsikā,【陰】優婆夷,女在家信徒。

Upāhana,【中】涼鞋,草鞋(a shoe, sandal)upāhanā ārohitvā(穿草鞋)

Upekkhaka,【形】旁觀的,不感興趣的。

Upekkhati (upa+ikkh+a), 旁觀upekkhi,【過】。

upekkhanā, upekkhā, upekhā (upa+ikkh(īkṣ)),陰】中立,鎮定,旁觀(looking on)  「捨」(upekkhātatramajjhattatā)有十種:即:*1.六支捨(chaagupekkhā)*2.梵住捨(brahmavihārupekkhā)*3.捨覺支(bojjhagupekkhā)4.精進捨(vīriyupekkhā)5.行捨(sakhārupekkhā)6.捨受(vedanupekkhā)7.觀捨(vipassanupekkhā)*8.中捨(tatramajjhattupekkhā)*9.禪捨(jhānupekkhā)*10.遍淨捨(pārisuddhupekkhā)(《清淨道論》說1.~3.8.~10.意義相同) (cf. DhsA.p.172-3.)

upekkhāsatipārisuddhi(upekkhā-sati-pārisuddhi清淨),【陰】捨念清淨。可以解讀作︰1.捨與念及清淨。2.捨與念之清淨。3.捨與由念而有的清淨。*4.捨與念二者之清淨。*5.由捨與念而有的清淨。*6.由捨而有的念之清淨。7.由捨而有的念和清淨。8.捨的念的清淨。9.捨之念與清淨。10.由捨之念而有的清淨。(水野弘元著,許洋主譯,《巴利文法》,世界佛學名著譯叢5,華宇出版社,1986年,頁243*4*5*6項為學界常解讀的方式。第5項「由捨與念而有的()清淨」可能最正確。「具捨與念,心極清淨」,也就是「捨」、「念」、「清淨」三個詞,都是描述第四禪禪心的狀態。--蔡奇林︰《第四禪「捨念清淨」(upekkhā-sati-pārisuddhi)一語的重新解讀》) Vism.167Upekkhāsatipārisuddhinti upekkhāya janitasatiyā pārisuddhi. Imasmuñ hi jhāne suparisuddhā sati, yā ca tassā satiyā pārisuddhi, sā upekkhāya katā, na aññena; tasmā eta upekkhāsatipārisuddhinti vuccati. Vibhage pi vutta :- aya sati imāya upekkhāya visadā (v.l. vivaṭā) hoti parisuddhā pariyodātā tena vuccati Upekkhāsatipārisuddhī ti (捨念清淨」意即:由捨所生的念的清淨。因為在此禪中,念極清淨,而此念的清淨,是由捨所造,非由其他;因此說為「捨念清淨」。在《分別論》中也說:此念由於此捨而變得明淨(異讀:顯明)、清淨、皎潔,因此說為「捨念清淨」。)其中所引《分別論》的原文出處是Vibh. 261,其中visadā (明淨) 在《分別論》讀作vivaṭā (顯明、沒有遮蔽)Vism. 168Na kevalañ c’ ettha tāya satiy’ eva parisuddhā, api ca kho sabbe pi sampayuttadhammā, satisīsena pana desanā vuttā.(這裡不單只是念的清淨,而是所有(與念)相應之法也都清淨,然而,此項教說(只是)以念為首而說)Vism. 168Tassā (ie. tatramajjhattupekkhāya) parisuddhacandalekhā pabhā viya, sahajatā pi sati-ādayo parisuddhā honti pariyodātā.(由於彼(中捨tatramajjhattupekkhā)清淨之故──就像是清淨的新月之光一樣,與之相伴而生的念等(諸法)也變得清淨、皎潔。)

Upekkhiya, upekkhitvā,【獨】中立,旁觀

Upeta (Upeti的【過), 已獲得,已賦予。

Upeti (upa+i+a), 靠近,獲得。upesi,【過】。

Upetvā,upecca, (Upeti的【獨】), 靠近了。

uposatha, posatha, ((u)poathaupavasatha<upa+vas),【陽】布薩,齋戒日,遵守八戒(at the time of the rise of Buddhism the word had come to mean the day preceding four stages of the moon’s waxing and waning, viz. 1st, 8th, 15th, 23d nights of the lunar month that is to say, a weekly sacred day, a Sabbath.);佛教比丘每半個月(陰曆十五(full moon望日)與陰曆二九(或三十)(朔日)誦波羅提木叉戒與齋戒的日子)誦波羅提木叉(比丘守則)uposathakamma,【中】布薩業,遵守布薩()uposathagga,【中】布薩堂(The hall or chapel in the monastery in which the Pāṭimokkha is recited (Vin.III,66))aṭṭhaṅga-samannāgata uposatha﹐八關齋法(八支具足布薩())

〈根本布薩經〉(A.III,70.Mūluposatha Sutta)記載,佛陀為毘舍佉詳細解釋牧牛者的布薩、尼乾外道的布薩、聖者的布薩三種布薩的不同。佛陀於此經開示,聖者的布薩是要藉由隨念如來、法、僧、戒、與天的修持,而使心清淨且斷煩惱。另外,在〈根本布薩經〉、〈布薩經〉Uposatha SuttaA.VIII,41〉與〈毘舍佉布薩經〉Visakhuposatha SuttaVIII,43〉,佛陀又為比丘與毘舍佉解釋,聖弟子如何成就八分布薩,而得大果與利益。

求戒者向比丘唸求受三皈依八戒文:

Aha, bhante, tisaraena saddhi uposatha-ahagasīla dhamma yācāmi.

     尊者  三皈依         布薩    | |           我乞求

阿亨  盤蝶   帝沙拉涅那  沙丁 烏婆沙它  阿它葛西囊   湯忙    亞遮咪

大德,我乞求三皈依和八戒法。(第二、三遍,唸誦同文,或開頭加上︰Dutiyam’pi(第二遍), Tatiyam’pi(第三遍))

正授八戒唸誦文:

1. Pāṇātipātā          veramaṇī-sikkhāpada  samādiyāmi.

有息者(m.) (m.s.Abl.)   (f.)    (f.)  (n.)  我受持(1s.pres.)

pāṇa + atipāta           veramaṇī  sikkhā+pada    <samādiyati

巴那帝巴大  唯臘媽尼  昔卡巴當  三媽地呀密 (我受持離殺生學處)

2. Adinnādānā          veramaṇī-sikkhāpada  samādiyāmi.

+給予+拿起(ādāna, m.s.Abl.)      學處         我受持

 阿地那他那  唯臘媽尼  昔卡巴當  三媽地呀密 (我受持離偷盜學處)

3. A-brahma-cariyā  veramaṇī-sikkhāpada  samādiyāmi.

     行為(m.s.Abl.)     (f.)     (f.)  (n.)     我受持

阿巴拉媽喳里呀 唯臘媽尼 昔卡巴當 三媽地呀密 (我受持離非梵行學處)

4. Musā-vādā     veramaṇī  sikkhāpada  samādiyāmi.

   虛妄  (m.s.Abl.)  (f.)     (f.)  (n.)     我受持

 木沙哇他  唯臘媽尼 昔卡巴當   三媽地呀密 (我受持離妄語學處)

5. Surā-meraya-majja-pamāda-ṭṭhānā veramaṇī-sikkhāpada samādiyāmi.

須羅酒(f.)迷羅耶酒(n.)酒類(n.)放逸(m.)(=m.s.Abl.) (f.) (f.)(n.) 我受持

  穌拉 美拉呀 媽車 巴媽達 它那  唯臘媽尼 昔卡巴當 三媽地呀密 (我受持離放逸之因的飲酒學處)

6. Vi-kāla-bhojanā  veramaṇī-sikkhāpada  samādiyāmi.

  (m.) (n.s.Abl.)  (f.)    (f.)  (n.)   我受持

  卡了 婆喳那  唯臘媽尼  昔卡巴當   三媽地呀密  

(我受持離非時食學處)

7.Nacca-gīta-vādita-visūka-dassanā mālā-gandha-vilepana-dhāraa-maṇḍana-

舞蹈(n.)唱歌(n.)奏樂(n.)戲劇(n.)(n.s.Abl.)花鬘(f.)香粉(m.)塗油(n.)受持(n.)化妝(n.)

納這 吉得 哇地得 唯穌格 達色納 媽拉 干得 唯累伯納 達臘納 曼他納

vibhūsana-ṭṭhānā veramaṇī-sikkhāpada  samādiyāmi.

   裝飾(n.) (=n.s.Abl.) (f.)    (f.)  (n.)   我受持

唯不色納 他那 唯臘媽尼  昔卡巴當  三媽地呀密

  (我受持離跳舞、唱歌、奏樂、看戲,及離化妝、裝飾之因的花鬘、香粉、塗油學處。)

8. Uccā-sayana-mahā-sayanā  veramaṇī-sikkhāpada  samādiyāmi.

  (n.) (=豪華) (n.s.Abl.)        學處         我受持

屋喳沙呀納   媽哈沙呀納   唯臘媽尼 昔卡巴當   三媽地呀密

( 我受持離(坐臥)高床、大床學處。)

受五戒者,第3條改唸此條戒︰

3. Kāmesu  micchācārā  veramaṇī-sikkhāpada  samādiyāmi.

  淫欲(m.pl.) 邪行(m.s.Abl.)   (f.)    (f.)  (n.)     我受持

  葛美舒  米恰遮拉    唯臘媽尼   昔卡巴當   三媽地呀密

 (我受持離邪淫學處)

受十戒者多唸此條戒︰

Jātarūpa-rajata-paiggahaṇā  veramaṇī-sikkhāpada  samādiyāmi.

(n.) (n.) 接受、拿取(n.s.Abl.) (f.)    (f.)  (n.)  我受持

 者搭魯巴 拉者搭 巴低葛哈那   唯臘媽尼   昔卡巴當  三媽地呀密 (我受持離金銀學處。)

Uposathika,【形】遵守八戒者。

Uppakka,【形】腫脹的,燒焦的。

Uppajjati (u+pad+ya), ,出現,被產生(to come out, to arise, to be produced, to be born or reborn, to come into existence)uppajji,【過】。uppajjeyya, 【未被】uppajjamāna,【現uppajjisu,3.過】。uppādāya,【過】。S.12.66./II,108.‘Tahā panāya kattha uppajjamānā uppajjati, kattha nivisamānā nivisatī’ti? So sammasamāno eva jānāti--ya kho loke piyarūpa sātarūpa etthesā tahā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Kiñca loke piyarūpa sātarūpa? Cakkhu loke piyarūpa, sātarūpa. Etthesā tahā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.(然而,此渴愛生時在何處生?住時在何處住?他如是徹底地知道:「在此世間,凡是可愛色、可意色,渴愛生時在此處生,住時在此處住。」) uppajjamānā uppajjati, … nivisamānā nivisati.古譯常作︰「生時生、住時住」。nuppajjati(na+uppajjati), 【反】

Uppajjana,【中】出現,出生。uppajjanaka,【形】出生的,形成的。

Uppajjamāna,【現】已出生,已形成。參考 uppajjanaka

Uppajjitabba,【義】適合出生,適合出現。

Uppaipāṭi,【陰】次序的短缺,不規則。uppaiyā,【副】反次序地。

Uppaṇḍanā,【陰】嘲笑,愚弄(台語:搧大sian3 tua7 hinn7)

Uppaṇḍukajāta,【形】蒼白的。uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajāte dhamanisanthatagatte,變成蒼白,身體布滿了血脈。

Uppaṇḍeti (u+paṇḍ+e), 嘲弄,愚弄。uppaṇḍesi,【過】。uppaṇḍita,【過】。

Uppatati (u+pat落下+a), 飛,跳起。uppati,【過】。uppata,【過】飛起。

Uppatana,【中】飛,升起,跳躍。patanuppatana(patana+uppatana), 飛起處。

Uppatamāna,【現】飛,跳躍。

Uppatita, (uppatati 的【過)已飛,已跳起

Uppatitvā,【獨】飛了,跳躍了。

Uppatti,【陰】再生,出現,起源。

Uppatha,【陽】邪道,迷途,路邊。

Uppanna, -uppanna, (uppajjati 的【過), 已再生,已興起;所生。uppannuppannā(uppanna+uppanna), 一再生起。

Uppabbajati (u+pa+vaj+a), 還俗。uppabbaji,【過】。uppabbajitvā,【獨】。

Uppabbajita, (uppabbajati的【過), 已還俗。

Uppabbājeti (uppabbajita的【使】), 驅逐出僧團。uppabbājesi,【過】。uppabbājita,【過】。uppabbājetvā,【獨】。

Uppala(utpala),【中】青蓮,優鉢羅花,即睡蓮。學名 Nymphaea tetragona屬睡蓮科。若冠青色(nila),泥廬鉢羅花(niluppala;梵 nilotpala)

Uppalinī,【陰】充滿睡蓮的池塘或湖。

Uppāṭana,【中】拉出,扯裂,剝皮,連根拔起。uppāṭanaka,【形】做連根拔起 或剝皮的工作。

Uppāṭita, (Uppāṭeti的【過) 撕成碎片,根除,剝皮

Uppāṭeti (u+pa分離+e), 撕成碎片,根除,剝皮。uppāṭetvā,【獨】。

Uppāta,【陽】飛起,流星,不尋常的事件。

Uppāda1(Sk. utpāta, ud + pat), 飛上,跳,突然事件(flying up, jump; a sudden & unusual event, portent, omen D.I,9. (v. l. uppāta) = Vism 30 (T. uppāta, v. l. uppāda))

Uppāda2 (Sk. utpāda, u(ud)+pad), 開始存在,出現,出生(coming into existence, appearance, birth)sahacittuppādā, 與心俱生。satuppādo(sati+uppādo出生), 出生念。tahuppādā,渴愛生起。anuppāda(an+uppāda出生), 出生。S.1.11./I,6.“Na tva bāle pajānāsi, yathā arahatavaco; Aniccā sabbasakhārā, uppādavayadhammino. Uppajjitvā nirujjhanti, tesa  vūpasamo sukho”ti.(不知羅漢語,汝即是愚者--一切行無常,乃是生滅法,生者必有滅,寂靜乃為樂。)

Uppāda3,【陽】出生。

Uppādaka, uppādaka-, (< uppāda2),形】製造,産生,生産者(producing, generating)dukkhuppādaka,【形】苦産生。uppādakikā,【陰】。jhānuppādaka,【形】禪那産生。

Uppādin (adj.) [fr. uppāda2] having an origin, arising, bound to arise Dhs 1037, 1416; Vbh 17, 50, 74, 92 and passim; DhsA 45.

Uppādana(< uppada2),【中】製造,升起,産生(making, generating, causing)

Uppādeti(u+pad+e, caus. of uppajjati), 1.生産,製造,引起(to give rise to, to produce, put forth, show, evince, make)2.得到(to get, obtain, find)uppādesi,【過】。uppādita,【過】。uppādetvā,【獨】。

Uppādetu(Uppādetar)(< uppādeti),【陽】生産者,生殖者。

Uppādetu,【不】要去生産,要去産生。

Uppīḷana,【中】壓迫,壓抑。

Uppīḷita, (Uppīḷeti的【過) 壓下,壓破,壓迫

Uppīḷeti (u+pīḷ虐待+e), 壓下,壓破,壓迫。uppīḷesi,【過】。uppīḷetvā,【獨】。

Uppohana,【中】打掃,打。

Uppoheti (u+poh+e), 打,拂去灰塵。upphesi,【過】。uppohita,【過】。

Uplavana,【中】漂浮的,升上表面。

Uplavati (u+plav+a), 飄浮,升到表面。uplavi,【過】。cf. plavati (飄浮)

Ubbha (& Ubbha°) (indecl.) [a doublet of uddha, see uddha III.] up, 以上(over, above, on top J.V.269 (ubbha yojana uggata)ubbhakkhaka, 鎖骨以上(above the collar bone Vin.IV,213)ubbhajānumaṇḍala, 膝蓋以上(above the knee Vin.IV,213)ubbhamukha, 向上(upwards S.III,238; Miln.122.)

Ubbaṭṭana,【中】(沐浴時)擦身體,用洗滌劑清洗。

Ubbaṭṭita(Ubbaṭṭeti的【過), 擦,塗洗髮精

Ubbaṭṭeti(u+vaṭṭ+e), 擦,塗洗髮精。ubbaṭṭesi,【過】。

Ubbatteti (u+vat+e), 扯掉,令升,使膨脹,轉離正道。ubbattesi,【過】。ubbattita,【過】。

Ubbandhati (u+bandh+a), 掛斷,勒死。ubbandhi,【過】。

Ubbandhana,【中】勒死,自縊。

Ubbahati (u+vah+a), 拉出,取走,升高。ubbahi,【過】。

Ubbahana,【中】升高,舉止,拉出。

Ubbāḷha(Ubbādhati的【過),【陽..中】已困擾,已苦惱,已騷擾。

Ubbāhikā (<ubbāheti), 斷事人。成為斷事人要有十個條件:1.具戒,防護波羅提木叉律儀,行、所行具足而住,見於微小之罪而怖畏,受持而學學處。2.多聞而受持所聞,積集所聞,如初善、中善、後善及文、義具足之諸法,宣說純一、圓滿、清淨之梵行。3.多聞諸法而受持,以言通利,以意觀察,以見善通達。4.廣義了解兩部之波羅提木叉,就經與相而善分別,善通曉,善決定。5.於律安住不動。於自他兩派而堪能語、解、觀、靜。6.善巧止滅靜事之生起。7.知諍事。8.知諍事之集起。9.知諍事之滅盡。10.知順諍事滅盡之道。(見《增支部》A.10.32./V,71)

Ubbāheti (ud+vāhud+bādh騷擾), 壓迫。

Ubbigga, (Ubbijjati的【過) 攪動,驚嚇

Ubbijjati (u+vij+a), 攪動,驚嚇。ubbijji,【過】。

Ubbijjanā,【陰】激動,不安。

Ubbillāvitatta,【中】極歡喜。

Ubbega(Sk. udvega, fr. ud + vij),【陽】刺激,驚駭,驚惶 (excitement, fright, anguish)

Ubbejeti (ubbijjati 的【使】), 開始激動,使恐怖。ubbejesi,【過】。ubbejita,【過】。

Ubbedha,【陽】高度。

Ubbhaṭṭhaka,【形】直立,常站立者。

Ubbhata,【過】已撤回,已拉出。

Ubbhava,【陽】開始,生産。

Ubbhāra,【陽】撤退,切除。

Ubbhijja, (Ubbhijjati的【獨】), 向上跳或爆發。

Ubbhijjati (u+bhid打破+ya), 跳起,發芽。ubbhijji,【過】。ubbhinna,【過】。

Ubbhida,【中】食鹽。【陽】泉。【形】噴出,發芽。

Ubbhujati (u+bhuj使彎曲+a), 彎曲,提起(to bend up, to lift up)。【過】ubbhuji

Ubha, ubhaya,【代】兩者。tadubhaya(ta那﹑這+d+ubhaya), 這兩者。

Ubhato,【無】兩個方法或邊,兩倍。

Ubho(Sk. ubhau),【形】兩者。(這是巴利語雙重詞形的舊痕跡) both; Nom. Acc. ubho-- ubhanta both ends, both sides . -- Gen. ubhinna; Instr. ubhohi (hatthehi) ; Loc. ubhosu .The form ubhayo Nom. fem). ubhatobyañjanaka(ubhaya-vyañjana)二形人( having the characteristics of both sexes, hermaphrodite)

Ubhaya (*ubha + ya, see ubho),【形】兩者(both, twofold (°ante))The form ubhayo at Pv II.310 is to be regarded as fem. pl. of ubho (= duve PvA 86).
  ubhayaa
sa﹐兩肩(lit. both shoulders or both parts, i. e. completely, thoroughly, all round)

Ummagga(ud + magga, lit. “off-track”),【陽】隧道,歧途,邪道。

Ummatta(ud + matta of mad),【形】瘋狂的(out of one’s mind, mad)ummattaka(= ummatta),【形】瘋(madman)。【陰】ummattikāSp.Pārā.I,254.Ummattakoti yakkhummattako vā pittummattako vā yo koci viparītasañño, so sace paccakkhāti, appaccakkhātā hoti sikkhā.(瘋狂者︰由於夜叉或膽汁等的關係而得了無法治療的狂亂病。)

Ummaddeti, Ummaddāpeti(ud + maddeti, caus. of madd(md)壓碎), (to rub something on (Acc.) Vin.II,107 = 266 (mukha).

Ummā(cp. Sk. umā),【陰】亞麻子(linseed),亞麻(flax)ummāpuppha, 麻花(the (azure) flower of flax)。【陽】一種寶石(gem Miln.118.)

Ummāda(ud + māda),【陽】瘋狂(madness, distraction, mental aberration)ummādana,【形】令人發狂的。

Ummāra,【陽】門檻(a threshold)

Ummi, Ummī,【陰】波,波浪。

Ummisati (u+mis+a), 打開眼睛。ummisi,【過】。

Ummihati (u+mih+a), 小便(台語:放尿pang3 jio7、漩尿suan7 jio7、消siau2 thau2)ummihi,【過】。

Ummīlana,【中】打開眼睛。

Ummīleti (u+mil+e), 打開眼睛。ummīlesi,【過】。

Ummuka,【中】火把。

Ummukka,【過】已跌倒。

Ummukha,【形】1.臉向上。2.不注意的。

Ummujjati (u+mujj+a), 浮現,升出水。ummujji,【過】。

Ummujjana,【中】浮現。ummujjanimujjā,【陰】浮現和潛水。ummujjamāna,【現】浮現。

Ummūla,【形】ummūlita,【過】已連根拔起。ummūlana,【中】連根拔起。

Ummūleti (u+mūla+e), 連根拔起,破壞。ummūlesi,【過】。

Uyyāna(<ud+Sk.udyāna),【中】公園(park),小樂園(pleasure grove)(皇家)花園(a (royal) garden)uyyānakīḷā,【陰】在公園裡娛樂。uyyānapāla,【陽】守園人,園丁。uyyānabhūmi,【陰】花園(garden ground),娛樂地(pleasure ground)

Uyyāma,【陽】努力,勤(台語:拼勢piann3 se3,扑拼phah piann3,搰力kut lat8,儼硬giam2 nge7)

Uyyuñjati (u+yuj連接+-a), 離去(to go away, depart, leave one’s house)uyyuñji,【過】。

Uyyuñjana,【中】活動。uyyuñjanta,【現】活躍的,忙碌的。

Uyyutta (uyyuñjati 的【過), 1.已精力充沛。2.已使列隊行進。

Uyyoga,【陽】努力。參考 uyyāma

Uyyojana,【中】激勵,鼓動,慫恿,派遣。

Uyyojita, (uyyojeti的【過) 慫恿,解散,送別

Uyyojeti (u+yuj連接+e)( caus.of uyyuñjati), 慫恿(to instigate),解散(to dismiss),寄出(send off),送別(take leave of)uyyojesi,【過】。

Uyyodhika,【中】軍事演習。

Ura & Uro (Sk. uras),【陽】【中】乳房,胸。uracakka,【中】折磨人的鐵輪(置於胸部的)uracchada,【陽】胸甲。urattāḷi,【副】捶打自己的胸部。Instr. urasā Th.1, 27; Sn.609; & Loc. urasi Sn.255; J.III,148; IV, 118, also urasi J.III,386 (= urasmi C.)

Uraga,【陽】蛇(胸行者),爬行的動物。uragasāracandamaya, 牛頭栴

Urabbha,【陽】公羊,古譯:羖羊。cf. aja﹐雄山羊,古譯:羯羊。

Uru,【形】大的,寬的,顯赫的。

Uruvela,【中】(地名)優樓頻羅。悉達多太子出家後不久,就在優樓頻羅修行各種苦行,長達六年,那時有五比丘伴隨著他。

Ullaghana,【中】ullaghanā,【陰】跳過,違反。

Ullagheti (u+lagh+e), 跳過,違背。ullaghesi,【過】。ullaghita,【過】。

Ullaghiya, ullaghetvā, (Ullagheti的【獨】) 跳過,違背。

Ullapati (u+lap嘮叨+a), ,讚美。ullapi,【過】。ullapetvā, 【獨】。

Ullapana, Ullapanā(< ullapati),【陰】叫喚,誘騙,讚美(calling out, enticing, laying claim to)anullapanādhippāyassa(Pārā.III,100.), 無意圖的說溜嘴。

Ullikhati (u+likh+a), 梳髮,搔。ullikhi,【過】。ullikhita,【過】。

Ullikhana,【中】梳毛,搔。

Ullitta (ullimpeti 的【過), 已塗以(灰泥)

Ullumpati (u+lup+-a), 升起,幫助。ullumpi,【過】。

Ullumpana,【中】升起,挽救。

Ullokaka,【形】看著,觀衆。

Ullokana,【中】1.看著。2.窗戶。

Ulloketi (u+lok+e), 仰望,查尋,尋找。ullokesi,【過】。ullokeyyātha, 你們要仰望(2p.opt.)dhajagga ullokayata,仰望(ullokaya, ger.)旗頂之後(S.11.3.)

Ullola,【陽】1.騷動。2.大波。

Ulloteti (u+lul+e), 攪動,使騷動。ullolesi,【過】。ullolita,【過】。

Usabha,【陽】公牛王,古譯:特牛;高貴的人,勒沙婆(140個腕尺(hattha, )的長度)chinnavisāṇa-usabha﹐截角牛(截去頭角之牛)

Usā,【陰】食物(food J.VI,80.)

Usīra(Sk.uśīra),【中】芳香須芒草(Andropogon Muricantumwhite vala)的芬香根。

Usu(Sk. iu),【陽】【陰】箭(an arrow)usukāra,【陽】製箭者,造箭者(an arrow-maker, fletcher)usuloma,【陰】箭毛。

Usumā (the diaeretic form of Sk. uman) ,【陰】熱(heat)

usūy﹐【字根I.】羨慕(admire),嫉妒(to envy)

Usuyyaka (fr. usuyyā),【形】羡慕的人,嫉妒的(envious, jealous)

Usuyyati & Usūyati(Sk. asūyati; fr. usuyā envy) (usūy+a), 嫉妒羡慕(to be jealous or envious, to envy)usūyi,【過】。

Usuyyanā【陰】& Usuyyitatta【中】羡慕,嫉妒(abstr. formations of usuyyā)

Usuyyā, Usūyā (Sk. asūyā),【陰】羡慕,嫉妒(envy, jealousy, detraction)

Usmā(see usumā),【陰】熱(heat)usmākata it appears as usmīusmāusmāgata heated, belonging to heat ; as tt. one who mortifies or chastises himself, an ascetic (= samaateja C.; cp. BSk. uṣṇagata & umagata)

Ussakī(Ussakin)(<ud + śak),【形】不信用的,充滿恐懼(distrustful, fearful, anxious)

Ussakkati1 (ud + sakkati, see sakkati) to creep out or up to, to rise. ussakkitvā﹐【獨】。

Ussakkati2 (by-form of ussukkati) to endeavour ; (caus. II. ussakkāpesi),

Ussada(most likely to ud + syad; see ussanna),【形】豐富的,過度的,充滿的(prominence(cp. Sk. utsedha), protuberance, fulness, arrogance)

Ussadaka,【形】滿溢(over-full, overflowing (ussadakajāta, of a kettle, with vv. ll. ussuraka- & ussuka-))

Ussanna(pp. of ud + syad, cp. abhisanna),【形】1.滿溢(overflowing)2.滋潤(anointed)3.廣布(spread out, wide)

Ussannatā(abstr. fr. ussanna),【陰】豐富,充滿(ccumulation, fulness, plenty)

Ussaya in Ussayavādikā, 訴訟(Vin.IV,224 is a variant of usuyya° “using envious language, quarrelsome”. -- Another ussaya [fr. ud + śri, cp. Sk. ucchrita, P. ussita & ussāpeti] meaning “accumulation” is found in cpd. samussaya only.

Ussava,【陽】款宴,節日的,典禮。

Ussahati (u(d)+sah勝過+a), 試,努力,竭力。ussahi,【過】。ussahe, opt.3sg.,能夠(做某事)

Ussahana,【中】努力,盡力。

Ussāda(<ussadeti),拋棄、放棄(throwing up on)

Ussādeti(denom. fr. ussada1] -- 1. to dismiss [for ussāreti1] -- 2. to raise, cause to rise up on, haul up, pile up. -- Pass. ussādiyati. -- pp. ussādita.

Ussāpana,【中】舉起,升起。

Ussāpita, (Ussāpeti的【過) 舉起,吊起,升起。

Ussāpeti (u+si眠﹑臥+āpe), 舉起,吊起,升起。ussāpesi,【過】。ussāpetvā,【獨】。

Ussāraṇā,【陰】騷動,群衆的闖。

Ussārita, (Ussāreti的【過) 擱置一邊

Ussāreti (u+sar(s)動轉+e), 擱置一邊。ussāresi,【過】。

Ussāva,【陽】露。ussāvabindu,【中】露珠。

Ussāha,【陽】努力,竭力。ussāhavantu, 精力充沛,活躍。

Ussāhita, (Ussāheti的【過) 鼓勵,刺激

Ussāheti (ussahati 的【使】), 鼓勵,刺激。ussāhesi,【過】。ussāhetvā,【獨】。

Ussiñcati (u+sic傾倒+-a), 洗,將水戽出(to bale),抽水。ussiñci,【過】。

Ussiñcana,【中】將水戽出,抽水。

Ussita,【過】已吊起,已升起。

Ussīsaka,【中】放置頭部(在床)的一邊,枕頭。

Ussuka,【形】熱心的,精力充沛的。Dhp.(v.199)ussukesu anussukā,在渴望中無渴望。

Ussukka,【中】努力,熱心,精力。

Ussukkati (u+suk(vak)+a), 努力,試。ussukki,【過】。

Ussukkāpeti (Ussukkati的【使】), 誘騙,喚醒。ussukkāpesi,【過】。

Ussussati (u+sus(śu)弄乾+ya), 乾涸,蒸發。ussussi,【過】。

Ussūra,【中】日出。(ussūre, 太陽在天上的時候)ussūraseyyā,【陰】在日出之後睡覺。

Ussohi,【陰】努力。

Uḷāra,【形】高的,貴族,顯赫的。uḷāratā,【陰】uḷāratta,【中】巨大,顯赫。Nd1A(CS:p.171)Uḷārabhogakulāti avasesavessādikulā, etena pahūtajātarūparajatādi dīpeti.(顯赫家︰富裕商人等家庭,有豐富的金銀等。)

Uu,【陽】星,星座。uurāja,【陽】月亮。

Uuka,【陽】長柄杓子(a ladle﹐台語:匏pu5 hia、鱟桸hau7 hia)(a spoon)

Uumpa,【陽】筏,漂流物。

Uḷūka,【陽】貓頭鷹。uḷūkapakkhika,【形】貓頭鷹的羽毛製成的衣服。

 

Ū

 

Ū 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第六個母音字母。發音好像漢語中陰平的 u

Ūkā(Sk. yūkā),【陰】蝨子(louse)

ūn﹐【字根VII.】減少(to lessen)

Ūna,【形】較少的,減的,欠缺的,不足的(wanting, deficient, less)ūnaka,【形】相同於ūnaŪnatta,【中】ūnatā,【陰】缺乏。ūnavīsativassa, 【陽】未滿二十歲的人。未滿二十歲的人︰Vin.Mv.I,76Ūnavīsativasso, bhikkhave, puggalo akkhamo hoti sītassa uhassa jighacchāya pipāsāya asamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassāna duruttāna durāgatāna vacanapathāna uppannāna sārīrikāna vedanāna dukkhāna tibbāna kharāna kaukāna asātāna amanāpāna pāṇaharāna anadhivāsakajātiko hoti.(未滿二十歲的人不堪忍耐寒、熱、飢、渴、虻(asa)、蚊(makasa)、風(vātā =kucchivāta-piṭṭhivātādivasa受胃腸風、背部風等的支配)、熱(ātapo= sūriyātapo太陽熱)、爬蟲類(sarīsapa蛇、蠍等)所咬,(不堪忍耐)差勁的話、不好聽的話,身體不能持久承受猛、粗、利、不悅、不可意之苦。)

Ūmī & Ūmi (Sk. ūrmi),【陰】波。A parallel form of ūmī is ummī.

Ūruṭṭhi,【中】股骨(大腿骨)

Ūru,【陽】大腿(the thigh)ūrupabba,【中】膝的關節。

Ūsa(Sk. ūṣa),【陽】鹽的物質(salt-ground; saline substance)ūsodaka,【中】鹽水,清潔劑。ūsakhāra, 的物質。

Ūsara(Sk. ūṣara, fr. ūṣa) saline),【形】鹽的。

ūh(ūh)﹐【字根I.】沉思(to ponder)

Ūhacca1 (indecl.) (ud + h or ava + hūhanati 拉出的【獨】)拉出了(lifting up, raising or rising),移走了(pulling out, taking away, removing)

Ūhacca2 (indecl.) [ger. of ūhanati2 = ūhadati] soiling by defecation, defecating.

Ūhadati (u+had +a), 放出除去污物。ūhadi,【過】。

Ūhasati (u(ud ) (or ava) +has+a), 嘲弄愚弄。

Ūhana,【中】考慮(reasoning, consideration, examination)

Ūhanati1 (ud + han)擾亂、搖動(to disturb, shake up, defile, soil)pass. aor. ūhanisee ūhaññati. -- pp. ūhata2.

Ūhanati2 (u+han+a= ud + han or ava + han), 切掉(to cut off)拉出(to lift up)除去(to take away)ūhani,【過】。

Ūhā,【陰】生命(life, only in cpd. āyūha lifetime)

 

E

 

E 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第七個母音字母。發音好像漢語中陰平的 e

-e﹐【結尾】。

-amhase  aor.1pl.akarāmhase我們曾做﹑ahumhase曾有

-e 1.m.n.sg.Loc.buddhe 於佛﹑raññe 於王

2.m.pl.Acc.buddhe 諸佛﹑dhamme諸法

3.f.sg.Voc.  kaññe! gāthe !

4.pron.m.pl.Nom.Acc.te 彼等(他們)sabbe 一切

5.pr.1sg.med.kubbe 我做 labhe 我得

6.imp.1sg.med.    kubbe 要我做﹑labhe要我得

7.opt.1sg.3sg.      kubbe=kare應做﹑labhe應得

-e-     1.caus.stem        kāre-使做﹑gāhe-=gahe-使取

2.denom.stem  kāme-欲﹑gae-數﹑ghāte-

-mante → -e 1, 2

-mase(-amase)    1.pres.1pl.med.asmase 我們有

              2.imp.1pl.med.kubbāmse 我們做

-mhe   1.pres.1pl.med. kurumhe=kubbamhe 我們做

2.fut.1pl.med. karissāmhe 我們將做

-nte   1.m.pl.Acc.arahante諸阿羅漢﹑guavante諸有德者

2.pres.3pl.med.kubbante 他們做

3.fut.3pl.med.karissante他們將做﹑labhissante他們將得

-pe-   (= -paya-)caus.stem kārāpe-使做﹑gamāpe-使行

-re        1.pres.3pl.med. labhare他們得

2.fut.3pl.med.karissare他們將做

-se        1.pres.2sg.med.kuruse=kubbase你們做

2.fut.2sg.med.karissase你將做﹑labhissase你將得

-te   1.pres.3sg.med.kurute=kubbate他做,labhate他得

2.fut.3sg.med.karissate他將做﹑labhissate他將得

-tave  infin. kātave          gantave

-tuye infin. kātuye   hetuye有﹑marituye

-vhe  1.pres.2pl.med.kubbavhe你們做﹑labhavhe你們得

2.fut.2pl.med.karissavhe你們將做﹑labhissavhe你們將得

-ye        opt.3sg. kubbaye他應做﹑ānaye他拿來

Eka(Vedic eka),【形】1.(“one” as number)2.單一,單獨,獨自(one, by oneself, one only, alone, solitary)3.某一個,未知的(a certain one, some one, some)。【不.單】一(支、枚、顆、粒、隻、只、張、根、條、片、瓶、手、口、道、則、股、座、首、門、把、輛、架、面、尾、匹、頭、盞、畝、扇、輪、葉、罈、盅。)。【複】一些。ekacara,【形】ekacāri,【形】獨居者。ekadesa,【陽】一部分。ekapaṭṭa,【形】單一襯裡。ekabhattika,【形】日食一餐。ekavāra ,【副】一次。ekasadisa【形】相似的。eko dve tīṇi cattāri pañca cha satta aṭṭha nava dasā(()一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十)Sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā﹐一切之有情依食而住。ekameva﹐唯一。eka samaya(ekasmin samaye)一時。ekadivasa一日(one day)athekadivase﹐在某

Ekasa1 (eka + asa1) , ekasika, 【形】【副】一肩(belonging to one shoulder, on or with one shoulder)ekasa uttarāsaga karoti,整理上衣成(偏袒)一肩(右肩)【陽】一肩。

Ekasa2 (eka + asa1 or better asa2), 【副】明確的,確信(“one part or point”, i. e. one-pointedness, definiteness; affirmation, certainty, absoluteness)

Ekaka,【形】單一(single),獨居者(solitary)

Ekakkhī,【形】單眼。cf. ekapokkhara

Ekagga,【形】沉著的,鎮靜的,心一境的。

Ekaggatā(eka+agga+tā),【陰】心中的寧靜,心一境性。ekaggacitta﹐【中】一境心(即近行定及安止定(appanā-upacārasamādhi)S.47.4./CS:pg.2.469.Ekaggacittāti etena subhāvito vasippatto appanāsamādhi vuttoti veditabbo.(心一境這是指以善修習、已經達成自在於安止定。)

Ekacca, ekacciya,【形】一些(some),某個(certain),少許(a few)

Ekacce﹐【形】一些(..主格)

Ekaccika (< ekacca),【形】單一,非雙層(single, not doubled (of cloth, opp. to digua) J.V.216 (°vasana = eka-paṭṭa-nivattha).

Ekajjha,【副】一起,一聚,在相同的地方。

Ekato,【無】一起在同一邊。anudeva saheva ekatova這跟隨在後,一起在同一邊

Ekatta(abstr. fr. eka),【中】1.統一(unity D.I,31.)2.寂寞(loneliness, solitude, separation)

Ekattatā (< ekatta),【陰】統一,統合,整合,集中(unity, combination, unification, concentration)

Ekadatthu (eka-d-atthu, cp. aññadatthu),【副】一次(once, definitely)

Ekadā(<eka),【副】一次,同時(once, at the same time, at one time, once upon a time)vamatekadā(vamatekadā), 有時吐。

Ekanta(Sk. ekānta),【形】一向,不斷地、確實、絕對(one-sided, on one end, with one top, topmost, absolutely)ekanta,【副】ekantena,【副】當然,確定地。

Ekantarika(eka + antarika,【形】有一個隔在中間,交替的(with one in between, alternate)

Ekapaalika,【形】有一層皮爲襯裡的。

Ekapadika-magga,【陽】人行道,小路。

Ekabījī, 一種子者︰SA.48.24./III,238.yo sotāpanno hutvā ekameva attabhāva janetvā arahatta pāpuṇāti, aya ekabījī nāma.(此須陀洹只再投生一次即證得阿羅漢果,此名為一種子者)

Ekabhattika (eka+bhatta+ika(形容詞化)), 一日一食。

Ekamanta (eka + anta, Acc. in adv. function, cp. BSk. ekamante),【副】在一邊,在旁邊(on one side, apart, aside)

Ekameka, ekeka(eka-m-eka, cp. BSk. ekameka),【形】一個接一個(one by one),每個(each),各自地(severally)

Ekavidha,【形】一類型,相似的。

Ekaso(Sk. ekaśa),【副】逐一地,一個接一個地(singly, one by one)。【反】anekaso

Ekavidha (eka + vidha),【形】一種,單一(of one kind, single, simple) ,副】ekavidhā, 單一(singly, simply)

Ekākiya, 【形】單獨(alone, solitary)

Ekākī,【三】孤單的人,【陰】ekākinī

Ekāgārika﹐監護人(=ekālopika, =ekārakkha, having one protector or guardian)

Ekāyana,【陽】唯一的方法。ekāyanamagga, 一乘道(a unified path; a direct path)

Ekāsanika,【形】一(一天只吃一次的人)

Ekāha,【中】一天。ekāhika,【形】存在一天。

Ekikā,【陰】孤獨的女人。

Ekībhāva (eka+bhāva, with ī for a in compn. with bhū), 【陽】獨處(being alone變成單獨),孤獨(loneliness),寂寞(solitude),日語:寂しい(sabishii)

Ekībhūta,【形】統一,連接,聚集在一起。

Ekūna,【形】減一,缺一。ekūnacattāḷīsati,【陰】三十九。ekūnatisati,【陰】二十九。ekūnapaññāsā,【陰】四十九。ekūnavīsati,【陰】十九。ekūnasaṭṭhi,【陰】五十九。ekūnasattati,【陰】六十九。ekūnanavuti,【陰】八十九。ekūnasata,【中】九十九。ekūnāsīti,【陰】七十九。ekūnanavuti cittāni, 八十九心。

Ekodi(most likely eka + odi for odhi, see avadhi2 & cp. avadahati, avadahana, lit. of one attention, limited to one point.)﹐一境界,趣於一,專一。

Ekodibhāva(ekodi一境界+bhāva變成),【陽】心一境(singleness),集中,變成一境界。SA.47.4./III,200.Ekodibhūtāti khaikasamādhinā ekaggabhūtā.(一趣剎那定的一境。) S.47.4./CS:pg.2.469.ekodibhūtāti etena upacārajjhānāvaho pubbabhāgiko samādhi vutto.(一趣帶來近行定的前分三摩地。)

ej(ej / īj)﹐【字根I.】移動( to move)

Ejā(to iñj, Sk. root ej to stir, move),【陰】渴望,移動aneja, 【形】不渴望,不移動。

Eṭṭhi(<eṭṭha, ā + i, cp. Sk. eṣṭi),【陰】搜尋,尋求(desire, wish)

Eimiga, eeyya,【陽】羚羊鹿。

Eijagha(ei羚羊+jagha)﹐【陽】小腿像羚羊(limbed like the antelope)

Eeyya, Eeyyaka,【中】1.羚羊(Nd2 604 = ei)2.羚羊刑(兩肘和兩膝以掛鐵環,用鐵棒貫通之,再用四根鐵棒架之,於地上不能動,焚火於身體之四周。如被火圍繞之羚羊而得名)

Eta (poetical-archaic form:etad)(Vedic etad)(=tad)﹐【代】【形】那、彼(that);此、這(this)

 

陽性(m.)

中性(n.)

陰性(f.)

(sg.)

(pl.)

(sg.)

(pl.)

(sg.)

(pl.)

esoesa

ete

eta (the usual form) & etad

etāni

esā

etāetāyo

eta(ena)

ete

etaetad

etāni

eta

etāetāyo

etena

etehietebhi

同陽性

同陽性

etāya

etāhietābhi

etasmāetamhā

etehietebhi

同陽性

同陽性

etāya

etāhi etābhi

.﹑屬

etassa

etesaetesāna

同陽性

同陽性

etassāetassāyaetissā

etāsaetāsāna

etasmi etamhi

etesu

同陽性

同陽性

etāyaetāya(etāsaetassaetissa)

etāsu

Etadagga (etad+agga最高的﹑頂端)﹐【形】第一的。etadagga sāvakāna bhikkhūna,(排名)第一的聲聞比丘。(及排名第一的聲聞比丘尼、聲聞優婆塞、聲聞優婆夷,見A.1.14.)

Etan ti, etanti (etati),引號ti的「連音規則」:(i) - + ti > -n + ti(ii) -短母音 + ti > -長母音 + ti

Etarahi(Sk. etarhi, cp. tarahi & carahi),【副】現在,目前(now, at present)

Etādisa(etad + disa<dṛś, cp. Sk. etādṛśa),【形】像這樣的,諸如此類的,這一個類型(such, such like, of this kind (= edisa yathā-vutta-rūpa PvA.243)

Etādisikā(etādisa+(i)ka), 【無】像這樣的,像這一個類型(such a, of such a kind)

Etādisiyā, Etādisīya, 【無】像這樣的,像這一個類型(such a, of such a kind)

Eti (i +a), (to go, go to, reach; often (= ā + eti) to come back, return); ppr. ento (Acc. suriya attha enta the setting sun); imper. 2nd sg. ehi only in meaning “come” (see separately), 3rd etu; 2nd pl. etha). -- fut. essati & ehiti; 2nd sg. ehisi. -- pp. ita.

Etta (= Sk. atra, see also ettha) ,【形】那裡,這裡(there, here)

Ettaka,【形】這麽多,若干。DhpA.v.388.“nāha ettakena ‘pabbajito’ti vadāmi”(我不會因為這樣的外表而稱呼他們為出家者)

Ettāvatā(<etta = ettaka這麽多),【副】迄今爲止(so far),達到那樣的程度(to that extent),僅有如此、由這樣多(even by this much)

Etto (ito同類),【無】從這,這裡,從這裡(orig. Abl. of etad; from this, from it, thence, hence, out of here)

Ettha(= Sk. atra, cp. etta),【副】這裡,那裡(here, in this place; also temporal “now”, & modal “in this case, in this matter”)etthesā(ettha esā)在那裡。

Edisa, edisaka(Sk. īdṛśa),【形】如此的,像這樣的(such like, such)

edh(edh)﹐【字根I.】生長(to grow)

Edha,【陽】燃料,木柴(fuel, fire etc.)

Edhati (edh生長+a), 得到,在方面成功。edhi,【過】。

Ena, 他,這(一些情形之下的 eta 採取這一種詞形。only used in Acc. ena (ta ena) “him, this one, the same”)

Enta, (eti 的【現), 正在來著。

Eraka1 (< eret) ,【形】移轉(driving away, moving J.IV,20 (erakavāta動轉風)

Eraka2 (< ereti),【陽】香蒲,霍香,音譯︰伊羅(香蒲屬(Typha)的一種植物,尤指一種高的沼生植物〔Typha latifolia 寬葉香蒲〕,葉長而扁平,用於編蒲包和椅墊)erakadussa,【中】以席草或纖維製成的衣服。

Erakapatta, Erāpatha(eapattra), 霍香葉龍王(伊羅鉢多、伊羅葉、伊羅缽挐、黳羅葉)在迦葉佛時為一比丘,因後悔拔霍香葉,持戒不圓滿,死後投生為一條龍王(DhpA.v.182.)

Erakavattika,【中】驅行刑。此刑從罪人之頸至下踵唯剝其皮即以索縛而牽之。彼以踏自己之皮而死。

Eraṇḍa,【陽】蓖麻(熱帶非洲和亞洲的一種草本植物 (Ricinus Communisthe castor oil plant Nd2 680II.; J.II,440.) 葉大、掌狀、青銅綠色;花小,無花瓣;朔果有刺,含有豆狀的斑點種子,産生蓖麻油。)Cp. elaṇḍa(M.I,124.)

Erāvaa,【陽】因陀神的象的名字(Indra’s elephant Sn.379; Vv 4413; VvA.15.)

Erāvata,【陽】柑。

Erita, (Ereti的【過)搖動,使運動

Ereti (ir+e=īreti (q. v.) Caus. of īr, Sk. īrayati), 搖動,使運動(to move, set into motion, raise (one’s voice))eresi,【過】。

Elā,【陰】1.唾液。2.小豆蔻的種子或植物。

Elaṇḍakattha﹐蓖麻樹(伊蘭檀)

Ea (enas)﹐【中】聾。eamūga﹐聾啞。

Eaka,【陽】山羊。【陰】EakāElikāEikī﹐牝山羊。

Eagala,【形】滲出唾液的。

Eagalā,【陰】決明(一年生草本植物 (Cassia Tora),全株有短毛,莖基部 木質化,羽狀複葉,小葉倒卵形,花黃色,種子灰綠色,成熟後入中藥。也叫草決明、羊角、野花生)

Ea (Sk. enas) ,【中】eamūga’, 聾啞(deaf & dumb)

Eaka1, (a threshold) Vin.II,149 (°pādaka-pītha, why not “having feet resembling those of a ram”? )

Eaka2 (Sk. eaka), (a ram, a wild goat Sn.309; Vism.500 (in simile); J.I,166; Pug.A 233 (= urabbha). -- f. eakā S.II,228, eakī Th.2, 438, eikī J.III,481.

Eḷā,【陰】唾液。

Eḷāluka,【中】黃瓜(一年生匍匐藤本植物 (Cucumis sativus),果實多汁,表面光滑或有疣突,圓柱形或球形)

Eva, 【副】唯,正是(強調語氣emphatic part)ajj’eva﹐正是今天(this veryday)attano eva﹐就是他自己的(his very own)aha eva﹐正是我(just I)ekam eva﹐正是一個(just one)Imameva(ima+m+eva) , 這如此2.-i+eva-e+eva (sandhi-)y =yeva3.-ṁ+eva= ñeva, -to -ñ,  tañ ñeva ; tasmiñ ñeva; ahañ ñeva4.長母音之後通常短化成va

Evarūpa,【形】1.如此的(such),像這樣(like that)

Eva,【副】如此(thus (as mentioned)),這樣(thus (as follows))evavidha,【形】像這樣的。Eva me suta (Evaṁ(副詞, 如是) me(具格, 被我或我的) sutaṁ (過去分詞, 已聽到),直譯:這樣已被我聽說,或這樣我的聽說),如是我聞(thus have I heard)(cf. KhA.89.)evameva kho, 同樣地。eva mayā śrutam, eva mayā śrutâdibhya,【梵】如是我聞。

Evamāha (eva如此+āha他已經說)﹐他已經如此說。

Esa (語調好的 eso 詞形), 那個人。

Esati (es+a), 尋求,搜尋。esi,【過】。esitvā,【獨】。eseyya,【義】(santimeseyya尋找平靜)

Esanā(< esati),【陰】尋求,渴望(desire, longing, wish)

Esanī (< i), 外科醫師的探針(a surgeon’s probe M.II,256.)

Esanta, esamāna,【現】追求。

Esā, 【陰..主】那、彼(that);此、這(this)

Esikā,【陰】esikātthambha,【陽】在城門前的壯柱。

Esita, (esati 的【過) 尋求,搜尋。

Esitabba,【義】應該探索。

Esin(Sk. ein, of i),【陽】搜索者(seeking, wishing, desiring)。【陰】esinī

Eseva naya同理。

Eso, 【陽..主】那、彼(that);此、這(this)

Esohamasmi (eso+ aha+asmi<atthi<as有、是、存在), 這是我nesohamasmi(na+eso+ aha+asmi), 是我

Ehi (imper. of eti)(come, come here). ehipassika (adj.) (ehi + passa + ika), 來看。ehibhadantika, (one who accepts an invitation D.I,166; M.I,342; II.161; A.I,295; II.206. ehi bhikkhu, (最古老的受具足戒準則)來!比丘(“come bhikkhu!” the oldest formula of admission to the order; f. ehi bhikkhunī)etha bhikkhavo DhA.I,95. ehibhikkhu-pabbajjā initiation into Bhikkhuship SnA 456. ehibhikkhubhāva --state of being invited to join the Sagha, admission to the Order)ehisāgata-(& svāgata-)vādin a man of courtesy (lit. one who habitually says: “come you are welcome”) )

Ehipassika,【形】來看吧!

 

O

 

O, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第八個母音字母。發音好像漢語中陰平的 o

-o【結尾】。

-aro,  -ar語基 m.f.pl.Nom.Voc.Acc.pitaro父﹑mātaro

-āyo  f.pl.Nom.Voc.Acc.kaññāyo少女們﹑gāthāyo

-etho opt.2sg.med.kubbetho 你應做

-ittho    aor.2sg.med.pucchittho你曾問,  maññittho

-manto = -o 1

-mato -to 2

-no  1.m.n.sg.Dat.Gen.aggino火﹑bhikkhuno比丘﹑attano (<attan)自己﹑brahmano=brahmuno 梵天﹑āyuno(<āyus)壽命(n.)

2.m.pl.Nom.Voc.Acc.sakhāno=sakhino諸友﹑attāno(<attan) 我們自己﹑rajāno諸王(<rajan)hatthino諸象

-nto   m.pl.Nom.Voc.Acc.arahanto阿羅漢

-o 1.m.sg.Nom.dhammo法﹑so他﹑sabbo一切

2.子音語尾語基的 m.n.f.sg.Nom.Voc.Acc. pitaro(<pitar)父﹑mātaro(<mātar)

-so       1.-as, -us語基的n.sg.Dat.Gen.manasoāyuso壽命(n.)

       2. Abl. yoniso從根源﹑dhātuso從界

-to     1.(-ato)m.n.f.sg.Abl.     buddhato從佛 kaññato從女

2.-at語基 m.n.sg.Dat.Gen.gacchato 對去、去的

-vato -to 2

-vho  imp.2pl.med.kuruvho請你們做 labhavho請你們得

Oka(okas),【中】1.水。2.住所,家,住宅區。okacara﹐家畜,牡畜。okacārikā牝畜。okamjaha拋棄家庭。

Okappanā (o + kappanā), 【陰】放置自己的心(fixing one’s mind (on), settling in, putting (trust) in, confidence)

Okappeti (o + kappeti), 放置自己的心(to fix one’s mind on, to put one’s trust in M.I,11; Miln.234 (okappessati))

Okampeti (o + Caus. of kamp) 搖動(to shake, to wag, only in phrase sīsa okampeti to shake one’s head M.I,108, 171; S.I,118.)

Okappati(o + kappati)安排、安置、信心( to preface, arrange, make ready, settle on, feel confident, put (trust) in)

Okappanā (o + kappanā) ,【陰】安置、信心。

Okappaniya,【形】可信賴的。

Okappeti (o + kappeti)安置、信心。

Okāra,【陽】低,降級,降格,退化。

Okāsa(ava + kāś to shine),【陽】1.空間,露天,空地(lit. “visibility”, (visible) space as geometrical term, open space, atmosphere, air as space)2.出現(“visibility”, i. e. appearance, as adj. looking like, appearing.)3.機會,許可(occasion, chance, opportunity, permission, consent, leave)okāsakamma,【陽】許可。okāsarahita,【形】沒有空間的。okāsakata, 【陽】許可。

Okāsati(ava + kāś), 可見的(to be visible)caus. okāseti.

Okiṇṇa, (okirati 的【過】;BSk. avakīra), 已撒(某物)於面上(strewn over, beset by, covered with, full of)

Okiraa(o + kiraa),【中】驅散,逐出,驅逐,丟入(casting out (see the later avakirati2), only as adj.-f. okirinī (okilinī through dialect. variation) a cast-out woman (cast-out on acct of some cutaneous disease), in double combn. okilinī okirinī (perhaps only the latter should be written) Vin.III,107 = S.II,260 (in play of words with avakirati1). Bdhgh’s allegorical expln. at Vin.III,273 puts okilinī = kilinnasarīrā, okiriṇī = agāraparikiṇṇa. Cp. kirāta.

Okirati (ava+kir+a),1.倒下(to pour down on, pour out over M.I,79; aor. okiri)2.(to cast-out, reject, throw out)okiri,【過】。okiṇṇa,【過】。okiranta,【現】。okirāpeti, 【使】。

Okūjanta,【現】吟唱。pubbabhāge okūjantā karonti, 作前奏的低聲吟唱。

Okoimaka (o + koi + mant + ka. Ava in BSk., in formula durvara durdarśana avakoimaka), 矮小(lit. “having the top lowered”, with the head squashed in or down.)SA.21.6./II,236.Okoimakanti rassa.(矮小︰矮短。)

Okkanta, (okkamati 的【過) 已進入,已掉入。

Okkanti (< okkamati),【陰】進入,形成,出現(entry (lit. descent), appearance, coming to be)okkantikkhaa﹐投胎剎那。Paṭṭhānappakaraa-aṭṭhakathā《發趣論注釋》(CS:p.365) Okkantikkhaeti pañcavokārabhave paisandhikkhae.(在投胎剎那:即在五蘊生命的結生剎那。)

Okkantika,【形】又發生的,再發生的。

Okkamati, avakkamati, (ava+kam(kram)超越+a), 進入,掉入,發生(coming on, approaching, taking place)okkami,【過】。okkamitvā, okkamma,獨】。okkanta,【過】。okkamitu,【不】。okkamaniya,【未被】。okkameti,【使】。okkamane pubbagamā﹐爭先恐後(先人而行)A.6.86./III,436說:成就六法者,若聽聞正法,則於善法中,堪入正性決定(bhabbo niyāma okkamitu sammatta)(SA.25.1-10./II,346.Okkanto sammattaniyāmanti paviṭṭho ariyamagga.入正性決定︰進入聖道。)。即:1.不成就業障(na kammāvaraatāya)2.不成就煩惱障(na kilesāvaraatāya samannāgato)3.不成就異熟障(na vipākāvaraatāya)4.有信心(saddho)5.有樂欲(chandiko)6.有慧(paññavā)A.5.202./III,248.說「聞法之五利」︰assuta suṇāti(聞所未聞)suta pariyodāpeti(淨其已聞), kakha vitarati(斷其所惑), diṭṭhi uju karoti(正直其見), cittamassa pasīdati(令心歡喜)

Okkamana,【中】掉入,進入(entering into, approaching, reaching)

Okkamanta, okkamamāna,【現】進入,掉入。

Okkamma,【獨】避開了一邊。

Okkhā,【陰】SA.20.4./II,224.okkhāsatanti mahāmukha-ukkhalīna sata.(百釜︰一百個大口之鍋。)

Okkhāyati (ava+khāyati=kṣeti<kṣi )即明顯化、成為衆所周知。(paññāyati pākaa hoti.)( SA.CS:p.3.48)

Okkhitta, (okkhipati的【過) 扔下,使下降,落下。okkhitta-cakkhu目不斜視。

Okkhipati (ava+khip+a), 扔下,使下降,落下。okkhipi,【過】。

Ogacchati, (ava+gam+a), 下來,下沉。ogacchi,【過】。ogata,【過】。

Ogadha, ogādha(<gāh see gādha1 & gāhati;梵avagāḍha),【形】沉浸的(diving, immersed, merging into),潛入的(plunging into)-ogadha, -ogādhaamatogadha﹐潛入不死(涅槃)nibbānogadha潛入涅槃jagat’ogadha steeped in the world.

Ogayha, ogāhiya, (ogāhati投入的【獨】), 投入了,吸收了。

Ogādhappatta (ogādha潛入+patta已得),【形】已入的。

Ogāha,【陽】ogāhana,【中】潛入,跳入。ogāhitabbo(SA.6.1./I,195.),【義】。

Ogāhati (ava+gāh衝進+a), 跳入,進入,吸入。ogāhi,【過】。

Ogāhamāna,【現】潛入,跳入。

Ogāḷha, (ogāhati 的【過)已跳入,已進入。

Ogādha1 (adj.) [Sk. avagāḍha; ava + gādha2] immersed, entered; firm, firmly footed or grounded in (-°), spelt ogāḷha Miln.1 (abhidhamma-vinay°). Cp. BSk. avagādhaśrāddha of deep faith Divy 268. Cp. pariyogāḷha.

Ogādha2 (nt.) [ava + gādha2] a firm place, firm ground, only in cpd. ogādhappatta having gained a sure footing A III.297 sq.

Ogāha [fr. o + gah] diving into; only in cpd. pariy°.

Ogāhati (ogāheti) [Sk. avagāhate; ava + gāhati] to plunge or enter into, to be absorbed in (w. Acc. or Loc.); Vv 61 (= anupavisati VvA 42), 392 (sālavana o. = pavisati VvA 177). ogāheti (pokkharai); ger. ogāhetvā (T. ogah°; v. l. ogāhitvā); PvA 287 (lokanāthassa sāsana, v. l. °itvā).

Ogāhana (nt.) [fr. ogāhati] plunging into (-°) PvA 158.

Ogilati (ava+gil+a)(o + gilati), 吞下( to swallow down)ogili,【過】。【反】uggilati(吐出)。【不】ogilitu

Oguṇṭhita(pp. of oguṇṭheti, cp. BSk. avaguṇṭhita)﹐覆蓋(covered or dressed (with) (v. l. okuṇṭhita))

Oguṇṭheti (ava+guṇṭh+e), 覆蓋,掩飾(台語:掩勘am kham3)(to cover, veil over, hide)oguṇṭhesi,【過】。oguṇṭhita,【過】。oguṇṭhitvā,【獨】。

Oggata (pp. of avagacchati), 落下(gone down, set (of the sun) Vin.IV,55 (oggate suriye = atthagate suriye落日), 268 (id. = ratt’andhakāre); Th.1, 477 (anoggatasmi suriyasmi).

Ogha(Vedic ogha and augha; BSk. ogha),【陽】洪水(a flood of water=udak’ogha)。古譯:暴流、瀑流oghatiṇṇa,【形】已經克服(煩惱)洪水的人。mahogha﹐大瀑流(a great flood )oghatiṇṇo,越瀑流(crossed the flood﹐指阿羅漢)kāmogha﹐業瀑流

Ocaraka(<ocarati),【形】調查員,通知者,賤業者,低賤的行爲(in special meaning of one who makes himself at home or familiar with, an investigator, informant, scout, spy)

Ociṇṇa, ocita, (ocināti 的【過)已聚集,已收集。

Ocinana,【中】聚集,採集。

Ocinanta, (Ocināti的【現) 聚集,收集,採集

OcinātiOcinati(ava+ci +nā)(= Sk. avacinoti, ava + ci1), 1.聚集,收集,採集(= Sk. avacinoti, ava + ci1) to gather, pluck, pick off ; also in pp. ocita)2.不尊重(= Sk. avacinoti or °ciketi ava + ci2, cp. apacināti2) to disregard, disrespect, treat with contempt; pres. ocināyati)ocini,【過】。ocinitvā,【獨】。

Oja,【陽】【中】ojā,【陰】有營養的本質,汁,營養素,食素。(Bodhi譯:the sap (S.II,87); nourishment (S.V,162.)) (水野弘元譯:食素、滋養素) ojavantu,【形】多液汁的,滋養多的,可口的。ojaṭṭhamakarūpa【中】食素八法聚VbhA.p.25.ojā…Pahama tāva na patiṭṭhāti; ekassa vā dvinna vā sattāhāna gatakāle patiṭṭhāti.(食素(ojā)…並不是在(母胎)一開始時就建立自己於依處,而是在過了一七日或二七日之後。)

Oṭṭha1 (Vedic oṣṭhaSk. āḥ)﹐唇(the lip)

Oṭṭha2(Vedic uṣṭra, f. uṣṭrī),【陽】駱駝(Morris, J.P.T.S. 1887, 150 suggests elephant)

Oḍḍeti (u+e), 設下陷阱,懸掛( to throw out (a net), to lay snares)oḍḍesi,【過】。oḍḍita,【過】。

Otaraa(<otarati),【中】降落,下來。

Otāpeti (ava+tap(tap)+e)(o + tāpeti), 曬太陽(to dry in the sun)otāpesi,【過】。otāpita,【過】。

Otāra(<otarati, BSk. avatāra),【陽】1.降落。2.接近。otāragavesī,【形】尋求機會。otārāpekka,【形】守侯機會。

Otāraa(<otarati),【中】降下(going down, descending)

Otarati(o + tarati)(ava+tar+a), 降低降下放下(to descend, to go down to (c. Acc.), to be-take oneself to)otari,【過】(for avasari)otaranta,【現】。otaritvā,【獨】。inf. otarituCaus.II. otarāpeti【過otiṇṇa.Caus. I. otāreti. Opp. uttarati

Otāreti (ava+tar+e), 【使】降低降下放下。otāresi,【過】。otārita,【過】。otāretvā﹐【獨】。

Otiṇṇa, Avatiṇṇa,(otarati 的【過), 已下降,已被困擾,已受影響(fallen into, affected with)

Ottappa(<tappati1 + ud, would corresp. to a Sk. form *auttapya fr. ut-tapya to be regretted, tormented by remorse) ( ottappa<na+ava下﹑低+tapp折磨),【中】愧,怕造惡,忌孽(fear of exile, shrinking back from doing wrong, remorse)hiri-ottappa(=hir-ottappa)慚愧。anottappa,無愧(lack of conscience, unscrupulousness, disregard of morality)ottappagāravatā,尊重慚愧(respect for conscience)ottappadhana慚愧寶(the treasure of (moral) self-control)ottappabala慚愧力(the power of a (good) conscience)。《阿毘達摩義廣釋》(Vibhv.p.85.)sā pāpato jigucchanalakkhaṇā. Ottappatīti ottappa, ta pāpato uttāsalakkhaa. Atta-gārava-vasena pāpato jigucchanato kulavadhū viya hirī, para-gārava-vasena pāpato uttāsanato vesiyā viya ottappa.(對惡有厭惡相。害怕邪惡名為,對惡有恐懼相。處於尊重自己(自重),避開惡,如族姓女(良家婦女)有慚;處於重他人,害怕惡,如妓女有愧(於所作罪,對他羞愧))

Ottappati (ava+tap(tap)+ya), 罪行感,害怕邪惡,慚愧,忌孽。ottappi,【過】。

Ottappī, Ottāpī(Ottappin & Ottāpin),【形】害怕犯錯的,小心謹慎的。

Otthaa, (ottharati 的【過)已擴展,已掩沒。

Ottharaa,【中】擴展,掩沒。

Ottharati (ava+thar+aSk. root str), 擴展,掩沒( to spread over, spread out, cover)otthari,【過】。ottharamāna,【現】。ottharitvā,【獨】。

-odaka, odaka-, (< udaka) ,【中】1.(water)2.(Pāci.IV,348Maccho nāma odako vuccati.)anodoaka, 無水(without water, dried up Th.2, 265 (= udaka-bhasta ThA.212)sītodaka, 冷水。

Odakantika,【中】水的附近(neighbourhood of the water, a place near the water)。【形】以水爲最後的洗身。odakantikatā,【陰】(abstr.)最後的淨身(final ablution, cleansing J.II,126.)

Odagya (der. fr. udagga),【中】狂喜,洋洋得意(exultation, elation)

Odana(Sk. odana),【中】【陽】飯(boiled (milk-)rice, gruel )nāḷikodana﹐管子飯。tilodana,【陽】芝麻飯。kummāsa﹐酸粥(sour milk)Sīhahanurañño(獅子顎王)的五子:Suddhodano(淨飯王,釋迦牟尼佛之父), Sukkodano(白飯王), Sakkodano(釋迦飯王), Dhotodano(純飯王,古譯:斛飯王), Amitodano(無量飯王,古譯:甘露飯王). (見:《中部》Mūlapaṇṇāsa-aṭṭhakathā,pg.1.366;《律部》Pācityādiyojanāpg.98.;《律部》Sāratthadīpanī-ṭīkā(tatiyo bhāgo)pg.3.78)Suttanipāta-aṭṭhakathā, (CS:p.2.89)的順序不同:Suddhodano, Amitodano, Dhotodano, Sakkodano, Sukkodano.

Odanakummāsūpacaya, (odana)(kummāsa)所積聚(upacaya)(a heap of boiled rice and sour milk, of the body)

Odanika,【陽】廚子,飯頭(a cook)

Odaniya (<odana, cp. Sk. odanika,【形】飯做的(belonging to rice-gruel, made of rice-gruel)

Odahati (ava++dah放置+a), 放下,插入,專心的。odabi,【過】。odahitvā,【獨】。

Odahana,【中】放下,插入,聽。

Odāta,【形】白色的,清潔的。【陽】白色(甲骨文︰,金文︰)odātakasia,【中】白色的禪修器具。odātavasana(=odāta-vasana),【形】穿白衣在家人。

Odissa,【獨】定了義,區()了別。

Odissaka,【形】明確的,特別的。

Odhi,【陽】限制,邊界。odhiso,【副】有限制地,零碎地。

Odhunāti (ava+dhu+na), 抖落,擺脫。odhini,【過】。

Odhūta, (Odhunāti的【過) 抖落,擺脫。

Onaddha, (Onandhati的【過) 綁,掩蓋,包裝

Onandhati (ava+nandh+-a) 綁,掩蓋,包裝。onandhi,【過】。

Onata, (Onamati的【過) 彎下身,彎下

Onamati (ava+nam+a), 彎下身,彎下。onami,【過】。onamanta,【現】。onamitvā,【獨】。

Onamana,【中】彎下身,彎下。

Onayhati (ava+nah+ya), 包封,遮沒,繫住。onayhi,【過】。

Onāha(<ava + nah, cp. onaddha & onayhati),【中】遮蓋物,裹屍布(壽衣)(drawing over, covering, shrouding)

Onīta,【過】已取走,已移掉。

Onojana,【中】分配,授予式。

Onojeti (ava+nuj +e), 獻出,分配。onojesi,【過】。onojita,【過】。

Opakkamika,【形】突然襲擊,痙攣

Opanayika(<upaneti引導接近), opaneyyika,【形】引導,領頭的,帶近來。AA.3.53./II,256.Opaneyyikoti attano citta upanetabbo.(返照︰可帶近來自己的心。) Vism.217.Upanetabboti opaneyyiko.(可帶近來,即返照)Nd2A.CS:pg.84.Āditta cela vā sīsa vā ajjhupekkhitvāpi attano citte upanaya arahatīti opaneyyiko, ta opaneyyika.(火已燒到自己的衣、頭,也可置之不理,自心值得帶近來,為返照)) (Vism.217. cf. SA.1.20./I,43.) 【形】確實有效的。

Opapātika, opapātī(<upapatti顯現﹑往生),【形】化生的(出生時無所託)(舍利子!但是何者是化生的起源?諸天,地獄的一些人及一些墮處者。舍利子!此被叫做化生的起源。」 M i73)

Opamma,【中】直喻,比較。

Oparajja,【中】副王之位。

 

Opavayha,【形】可騎的。

Opāta,【陽】陷阱。

Opāteti (ava+pat+e), 使下跌,妨礙。opātesi,【過】。opātita,【過】。

Opāna,【中】井,免費供應水的地方。anopānabhūtāni,不作井池者。

Opāyika,【形】適當的。

Opiya,【獨】放進了。

Opilāpita, (Opilāpeti的【過) 浸,使漂浮

Opilāpeti, Opilāveti (ava+plav+e),浸,使漂浮。opilāpesi, opilāvesi,【過】。

Opuati (ava+pu+ṇā), 吹毛求疵,吹開糠皮,篩撒。opui,【過】。opuitvā,【獨】。DhpA.v.252./CS:pg.2.238.“gahapati, ime sattā nāma mahantampi attano dosa na passanti, avijjamānampi paresa dosa vijjamāna katvā tattha tattha bhusa viya opunantī”ti.(諸有情對自己的缺點視若無睹,對別人不存在的缺點認為是存在的,吹毛求疵(原文為︰吹開穀物bhusa viya opunantī)))

Obhagga,【過】已打破,已拖垮。

Obhāsa(from obhāsati),【陽】光,光彩(shine, splendour, light, lustre, effulgence; appearance.)

Obhāsati1 (ava+ bhās(bhās)使發光+a or o+bhāsati cp. Sk. avabhāsati), 照耀,發光(to shine, to be splendid)obhāsi,【過】。

Obhāsati2 (ava + bhāsati fr. bhāṣ; Sk. apabhāṣati), (to speak to (inopportunely), to rail at, offend, abuse)

Obhāsana,【中】光亮的。

Obhāsita, (Obhāseti的【過) 使發光,照明

Obhāseti (obhāsati 【使】), 使發光,照明。obhāsesi,【過】。obhāsetvā,【獨】。

Obhāsenta, obhāsayamāna, (Obhāseti【現), 發光,照明。

Oma, omaka,【形】較低的,劣等的。

Omaṭṭha, (omasati 的【過), 已接觸,已弄髒。

Omaddati (ava+madd壓破+a) 壓破,擦,壓迫。omaddi,【過】。

Omasati (ava+ma+a), 觸摸,觸及。omasi,【過】。

Omasanā,【陰】omasavāda,【陽】侮辱,責備。

Omāna1 (<o + man, think. The Sk. avamāna is later)不尊敬(disregard, disrespect, contemp & see also avamāna)

Omāna2(=emāna<ḍī),( “flying”)

Omissaka(o + missaka,【形】mixed, miscellaneous, various (°parisā)

Omukka (Omuñcati的【過), 已擺脫,已脫(衣服)

Omuñcati (ava+muc釋放+-a) 拿掉,解開,脫衣。omuñci,【過】。

Omuñcitvā, (Omuñcati的【獨】), 脫掉了一些衣服。

Omutteti (ava+mutt+e), 小便。omuttesi,【過】。

Ora,【中】此岸,這個世界。【形】次等的。orapāra,【中】上下,此岸彼岸。oramattaka,【形】些許的,無關緊要的。orambhāgiya,【形】下界(欲界)的。pañcanna orambhāgiyānasayojanāna(=pañcorambhāgiyasayojanāni), 五下分結

Orambhāgiya-sayojana﹐【中】下分結,繫縛諸有情於下界(欲界)。斷除首三下分結(身見結diṭṭhi-sayojana、戒禁取結sīlabbataparāmāsa- sayojana、疑結vicikiccha-sayojana)成為須陀洹果,斷除五下分結(身見、戒禁取、疑、欲界貪、欲界瞋)成為阿那含果。

Ora, orena,【副】在下,在內部,在這邊。

Oraka,【形】次等的,低的。

Orabbhika,【陽】羊商,屠羊者。

Orasa(ura, uras breast Vedic aurasa),【形】屬於自己的胸脯,合法的,自然的,自己的(belonging to one’s own breast, self-begotten, legitimate; innate, natural, own)D.22.-1/II,355.Puttāti orasā.(兒子︰自己的胸脯(養育長大的))

Orima,【形】最低的,在這邊的。orimatīra,【中】此岸。

Oruddha, (Orundhati的【過) 阻隔,關押

Orundhati (ava+rudh成長+-a), 阻隔,關押。orundhi,【過】。

Oruyha, (Oruhati的【獨】) 降落,下來。

Oruhati (ava+ruh上升+a), 降落,下來。oruhi,【過】。oruhanta,【現】。

Oruhana,【中】降落。

Orūḷha, (oruhati 的【過), 已降落,已爬下。

Orodha(<orundhati; avarodha),【陽】閨房(harem, seraglio)rāj’orodhā﹐閨房淑女(harem-lady),妾(concubine)

Oropana,【中】拿下,放低,放下。

Oropita, (Oropeti的【過) 拿下,放低,擱置

Oropeti (ava+rup+e), 拿下,放低,擱置。oropesi,【過】。oropenta, oropayamāna,【現】。

OropetvāOropiya, (Oropeti的【獨】), 放低了,擱置了。

Orohana,中】降落。參考 Oruhana

Orohati, 降落,下來。參考 Oruhati

Olaggeti (ava+lag+e),垂下,使粘住。olaggesi,【過】。olaggita,【過】。

Olamba, olambaka,【形】垂下的。【中】支援,重荷。

Olambati (ava+lab+-a), 垂下,被擱在,吊。olambi,【過】。olamblta,【過】。

Olambana,【中】吊。

Olambamāna,【現】吊著。

Olambiya, Olambitvā,【獨】吊了,吊下。

Oḷāra, at PvA.110 is with v. l. BB to be read uḷāra.

Oḷārika(< uḷāra),【形】毛重的粗糙的充足的(gross, coarse, material, ample)Vbh.2.5.Tattha katama rūpa oḷārika?  Cakkhāyatana …pe… phoṭṭhabbāyatana--ida vuccati rūpa oḷārika.(在此,什麼是粗色?眼處(眼淨色)、耳(耳淨色)、鼻(鼻淨色)、舌(舌淨色)、身(身淨色)、觸色(地、火、風)、顏色、聲、香、味,這稱為粗色。) Tattha katama rūpa sukhuma?  Itthindriya …pe… kabaḷīkāro (kabaikāro) āhāro--ida vuccati rūpa sukhuma.(在此,什麼是細色女根色、男根色、心色、命根色、食色、水、限界色、身表色、語表色、色輕快性、色柔軟性、色適應性、色積聚、色相續性、色老性、色無常性,這稱為細色。)

Olikhati (ava+likh+a), 刮掉,梳髮,編織olikhi,【過】。

Olikhiya, Olikhitvā,【獨】梳了髮,刮掉了。

Oligalla,【陽】污水坑。

Olīna, (olīyati的【過), 已偷懶,已不活躍。

Olīyati (ava+lī執著+ya), 困住(to stick),牢記(stick fast),黏住(adherecling to)olīyi,【過】。

Olīyanā,【陰】偷懶,醉心。

Olīyamāna,【現】落在後面。

Olugga (olujjati 的【過), 已跌碎,已腐爛。

Olujjati, 跌碎,腐爛。

Olubbha,【獨】倚靠,堅持。

Olokana,【中】看著。olokanaka,【中】窗戶。

Olokiya, oloketvā, (Oloketi的【獨】)

Olokanaka (< oloketi) ),【形】【中】窗(window)

Oloketi, voloketi, (ava+lok+eBSk. avalokayati or apaloketi), 看著,檢查(to look at, to look down or over to, to examine, contemplate, inspect, consider)olokesi,【過】。olokita,【過】。

Oloketu,【不】要去看。

Olokenta, Olokayamāna,【現】看著。

Ovajjamāna,【現】被勸告,被訓誡,被警告。

Ovaṭṭikā,【陰】腰帶,(有腰帶的)小袋。

Ovadati (ava+vad+a), 忠告,勸告。ovadi,【過】。ovadita,【過】。

Ovadana,【中】勸告。

Ovadanta, ovadamāna,【現】勸誡,勸告。

Ovaditabba,【義】應該勸告。

Ovaditvā, ovadiya,【獨】勸誡了,勸告了。

Ovaraka,【陽】內室。

Ovariya, ovariyāna, (ovarati 的【獨】), 抑制,防止。

Ovassati (ava+vas+a), 下雨。ovassi,【過】。ovaṭṭha,【過】。

Ovassāpeti (ovassati的【使】), 用雨淋濕。ovassāpesi,【過】。

Ovahati (o + vahati), 攜帶(carry down)pass. ovuyhati It.114 (ind. & pot. ovuyheyya)

Ovāda,【陽】忠告,教誡(教導還沒發生的事「要這樣做不要這樣做。」若是之後反復的教導爲教授(anusāsani))(advice, instruction, admonition, exhortation)ovādaka, ovādāyaka,【形】勸告人,勸誡者。ovādakkhama,【形】易勸的。

Ovādaka (fr. ovāda; cp. BSk. avavādaka),【形】【忠告忠告者(admonishing (act.) or being admonished (pass.); giving or taking advice; a spiritual instructor or adviser)anovādaka, 不接受忠告者(one who cannot or does not want to be advised, incorrigible)

Ovādin (fr. ovāda),【形】【忠告(= ovādaka)

Ovijjhati (ava + vyadh),刺穿(to pierce through Vism.304.)ovijjhitvā, 【獨】。

Ovuta, ophua (ava+vutaapāruta),【形】覆障的(covered, obstructed)【過】已覆障。

Ovuyhati (pass. of ovahati), 被帶下(to be carried down (a river))

Osakkati,退後( to draw back, move back D.I,230; J.IV,348 (for apavattati C.); V,295 (an-osakkitvā)

Osajjati (o + sj), 排泄(to emit, evacuate PvA.268 (vacca excrement, + ohanati)pp. osaṭṭha.

Osakkati (ava+sakk+a) (fr. P. sakk = *Sk. vak, cp. Māgadhī osakkai; but sometimes confused with sp, cp. P. osappati & Sk. apasarpati), 倒退落在後面撤退(having withdrawn to (Acc.), gone to or into, undergone, visited)osakki,【過】。

Osakkanā,【陰】倒退,落在後面。

Osakkita, (osakkati 的【過) 倒退,落在後面,撤退

Osakkitvā, osakkiya,【獨】撤退了,移過一邊。

Osaa, (osarati 的【過) 已流動,已離開,已後退

Osaheti (o + saheti, denom. fr. saha) 使光滑(to make smooth, to smooth out, comb or brush down (hair))

Osadha(Vedic auadha),【中】藥。arabbamosadha (arabba-m-osadha),森林裡的藥。

Osadhi【中】, osadhī,【陰】藥草(herbs or other ingredients)

Osadhitārakā (osadhi+tārakā)【陰】晨星(Venus金星,清晨東方最明亮的星星,亮度-4.4)、藥星(水野弘元譯:太白星)M.79./II,34.“Yvāya, bhante, rattiyā paccūsasamaya viddhe vigatavalāhake deve osadhitārakā-- aya imesa ubhinna vaṇṇāna abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti. (世尊!這離夜晚破曉時,皎明無雲天空的太白星,在這兩者(與闇夜之大火聚相比)色光中為更美妙、更微妙。」)

Osaraa(< avasarati),【中】1.進入(return to, going into (Acc.) visiting)2. 抽離(withdrawal, distraction, drawing or moving away, heresy)

Osarati (ava(=o)+sar(s)動轉+a), 流動,離開,後退(to flow, to go away, to recede to, to visit)pp. osaa. see also avasarati.

Osāna(< osāpeti),【中】結束,停,結論(stopping, ceasing; end, finish, conclusion)

Osāraṇā,【陰】1.使復原,2.擁擠。

Osāreti (ava+sar(s)動轉+e), 恢復,復權,解釋。osāresi,【過】。osārita,【過】。osāretvā,【獨】。

Osiñcati (ava+sic傾倒+-a), 倒下,灑。osiñci,【過】。osiñcanta,【現】。

Osiñciya, osiñcitvā,【獨】倒下了,灑了。

Ositta, (osiñcati 的【過) 倒下,灑。

Osīdati (ava+sid(sad)+a), 下沉。osīdi,【過】。osīdamāna,【現】。

Osīdana(<osīdati),【中】沉沒(sinking),下墮。

Osīdāpana,【中】使下沉,浸漬。

Osīdāpeti (osīdati 的【使】), 浸,使下沉。osīdāpesi,【過】。osīdāpita,【過】。osīdāpetvā,【獨】。

Ossajati (ava+saj (sj)+a), 放出,放棄,釋放。ossaji,【過】。

Ossajana,【中】釋放,解雇。

Ossajja, ossajjitvā,【獨】放棄了,釋放了。

Ossaṭṭha, (ossajati 的【過)已放出,已放棄,已釋放。

Oharati (ava+har(h)+a), 拿掉,拆卸(to take away, take down, take off)ohari,【過】。ohaa, avahaa,【過】。ohacca, ūhacca, 【獨】。imper. ohara(= ohārehi PvA.95), 【命】Caus. I. ohāreti (see avahārati); Caus. II. oharāpeti, 【使】。

Ohāya, (ojahāti 的【獨】), 遺棄,放棄。

Ohāraa(< oharati),【中】移掉,離開正道( lit. “taking away”, leading astray, side-track, deviating path)DhA.v.56.CS:pg.1.156.‘rajoharaa rajoharaan’ti(去除污垢,去除污垢)(佛陀教導周利槃特除染的方法)Cp. avaharaa.

Ohita, (oharati 的【過), 已藏,已置下,已卸ohitasota, 傾聽。

Ohīna (ohīyati 的【過), 已遺留。

Ohīyaka,【形】逗留者,被遺留的人。

Ohīyati (ava+hi+ya), 留下來,逗留。ohīyi,【過】。ohīyitvā,【獨】。opt. ohiyeyya

Ohīyana,【中】留下來。

Ohīyamāna,【現】落在後面。

 

K

 

K, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第一個輔音字母。發音好像漢語中清音的 g

Ka (從【疑代】ki), 誰,什麽,哪個。【陽】:單..ko;複.ke;單..ka;複..ke;單..kena;複..kehikebhi;單..kasmākamhā;複..kehikebhi;單..﹑屬.kassakissa;複..﹑屬.kesakesāna;單..kasmikamhi(kismikimhi);複..kesu【陰】:單.kā;複..kākāyo;單..ka;複..kākāyo;單..kāya;複..kāhikābhi;單.kāya;複..kāhikābhi;單..﹑屬.kāyakassā;複..﹑屬.kāsakāsāna;單..kassākāyakassa;複..kāsu【中】:單..ki;複..kāni;單..ki;複..kāniTa kissa hetu? 什麼原因呢?(所以者何?)

-ka, -ika, 名、形、數詞等變成形容詞所附上的字尾,母音要做重音變化。另有附上-ya, -iya

Kasa(cp. Sk. kaṁsa)﹐銅,青銅,銅貨幣,銅鑼,鍮。kasakūṭa﹐偽貨幣。kasathāla﹐銅皿。kasapāti﹐銅鉢。

Kakaca(onomat. to sound root kṛ, cp. note on gala; Sk. krakaca),【陽】鋸子(a saw)kakacūpama, kakacovāda, 鋸子的譬喻。kakacakhaṇḍa, 鋸木屑(fragment or bit of saw)kakacadanta, 齒鋸(tooth of a saw, DA.I,37 (kakaca-danta-pantiyaṁ kīḷamāna))

Kakaṇṭaka, the chameleon J.I.442, 487; II.63; VI.346; VvA.258.

Kakaṇṭaka,【陽】變色龍(chameleon)

Kaku,【陽】山峰,頂點,突出的角落(a peak, summit, projecting corner)

Kakuṭa, 鳩,鴿子(a dove, pigeon)kakuṭapāda,【陽】鳩腳(dove-footed; i. e. having beautiful feet. DhA.I,119) kakuṭapādī,【陰】鳩腳(J.II.93; DhA.I,119; Miln.169.)

Kakudha(cp. Sk. kakuda, and kaku above),【陽】(公牛的)駝峰,雞冠,阿見(産於熱帶亞洲的欖仁樹屬,參考 Ajjuna)kakudhabhaṇḍa 【中】皇室的國旗,王位的五個標誌(如王冠、寶劍、華蓋、拖鞋和犛牛尾拂)

Kakka,【中】漿糊,多油物質的沉澱物。

Kakkaa, kakkaaka(希臘文karkinos),【陽】螃蟹(a crab;台語:cim5)kakkaayanta,【中】爲紮牢著牆而一端有鈎的梯。

Kakkasa,【形】粗糙的(roughness)

Kakkārika, Kakkāruka(< karkaru),【陰】黃瓜類(cucumber)

Kakkhaa(kakkhaṭa, cp. Sk. karkara=P. kakkaṭaka),【形】1.粗糙的,硬的(rough, hard, harsh)2.殘酷的( cruel, fierce, pitiless)kakkhaatā,【陰】粗糙的事物,堅硬。

kakh(kāṅk), 【字根I.】欲(desire)

Kaka,【陽】蒼鷺(heron)

Kakaa,【中】手鐲(bracelet)

kakh (kāṅk)﹐【字根I.】懷疑(to doubt)

Kakhati (kakh+-a)(cp. Sk. kāṅkṣā), 懷疑,拿不準。kakhi,【過】。

KakhanāKakhāKakhāyanā,【陰】疑惑,不確定。《名色差別論》(Nāmarūpaparicchedoch.2.#119.)疑惑為疑,沒有結論為,沒有一個把握為作用,沒有抓住依止處(為現起)。」(Kakhāyanā vicikicchā, asanniṭṭhānalakkhaṇā; anekagāhanarasā, appatiṭṭhāti gayhati.) S.12.20.1Ahosi nu kho aha atītamaddhāna(1過去世我存在嗎?), 2nanu kho ahosi atītamaddhāna(2過去世我不存在嗎?),3ki nu kho ahosi atītamaddhāna(3過去世我是什麼?), 4katha nu kho ahosi atītamaddhāna (4過去世我如何?), 5ki hutvā ki ahosi nu kho aha atītamaddhānan’ti(5過去世我從什麼成為什麼?); aparanta vā upadhāvissati— ‘6Bhavissāmi nu kho aha anāgatamaddhāna, 7nanu kho bhavissāmi anāgatamaddhānaṁ(想未來:6未來世我將存在嗎?7未來世我將不存在嗎?)8ki nu kho bhavissāmi anāgatamaddhāna(8未來世我將存在什麼嗎?), 9katha nu kho bhavissāmi anāgatamaddhāna (9未來世我將如何存在?)10ki hutvā ki bhavissāmi nu kho aha anāgatamaddhānan’ti(10未來世我將從什麼成為什麼?); etarahi vā paccuppanna addhāna ajjhatta kathakathī bhavissati(於今現世內心將有疑問:)-- ‘11Aha nu khosmi(11我存在嗎?), 12no nu khosmi(12我不存在嗎?), 13ki nu khosmi(13什麼是我?), 14katha nu khosmi(14怎樣是我?), 15aya nu kho satto kuto āgato(15這眾生(=)來自哪裡?), 16so kuhi gamissatī’ti--neta hāna vijjati (16他將去哪裡?)(懷疑)事不可能(=無有是處,或這個立足點不存在))

Kakhamāna, Kakhī(Kaṅkhin) (Sk. kāṅkṣin)【形】(意見等)動搖的,有疑心的人,猶豫不決的人。

Kakhanīya, kakhitabba,【義】應該懷疑。

KakhāṭhāniyaKakhāṭṭhāniya﹐懷疑。

Kakhāvitaraa﹐解疑。

Kakhā-vitaraṇī【陰】《渡脫疑惑注釋》,Pātimokkha的註解書。

Kakhita, (kakhati 的【過) 懷疑

Kakhiya, kakhitvā,【獨】懷疑了。

Kagu,【陰】稷(種子)(millet)

kac﹐【字根III.】發光(to shine)

Kacavara,【陽】1.塵埃,塵土(sweepings, dust, rubbish)2.破布(rags, old clothes SA 283 (=pilotikā))

Kacci, Kaccid (Sk. kaccid=kad+cid, see kad°),【形】疑問代詞(常有 nu, nu kho(或許)虛詞相隨)

Kaccha1(cp. Sk. kaccha),【陽】【中】1.沼澤地(marshy land, marshes)2.長草、蘆葦(long grass, reed)SA.2.12./I,109.Kaccheti pabbatakacchepi nadīkacchepi.(蘆葦︰山蘆葦,河濱蘆葦。)

Kaccha2, (an arrow (made of reed))kacchantara,【中】腋窩之下,王宮內部。kacchapua,【陽】叫賣小販。【形】挑擔子的人。

Kaccha3, (ger. of kath)適合說( fit to be spoken)akaccha,【反】。

Kacchaka,【陽】無花果樹(figtree)。音譯:揵遮耶。

Kacchapa(Sk. kacchapa, dial. fr. *kaśyapa, orig. Ep of kumma, like magga of paṭipadā),【陽】龜(a tortoise, turtle)kāṇo kacchapo, 龜。Śatapañcāśatka(一百五十讚佛), v.5.Mahāravayugacchidrakūrmagrīvārpaopamam (譬如巨海內,盲龜遇楂穴)楂ㄔㄚˊ」︰水中浮木。

Kacchā(cp. Sk. kakṣā),【陰】纏腰布,遮羞布,修飾象的帶。kacchābandhana,【中】纏著腰帶,圍著遮羞布。

Kacchu(cp. Sk. kacchu),【陰】1.倒鈎毛黧豆(Carpopogon pruriens其果實能使人發癢,見 Kapikacchu)2.癢,結疤(itch, scab, a cutaneous disease)kacchuyā khajjati﹐為癢所食( “to be eaten by itch”)

Kajjala(Sk. kajjala, dial. fr. kad+jala, from jalati, jval, orig. burning badly or dimly, a dirty burn),【中】煤煙,煙灰(lamp-black or soot, used as a collyrium)

Kañcana(kāñeana),【中】黃金(‘黃金另有:jātarūpa,【中】。sigī,【中】。suvaṇṇa,【中】。)kañcanavaṇṇa,【形】金色。kañcanagghika, kañcanagghiya, kañcanāveḷā, 金色的花圈(a golden garland)kañcanakadalikkhaṇḍa,一串(台語:一芘)香蕉(bunch of bananas)kañcanathūpa, 金的塔(a gilt stupa)kañcanapatimā, kañcanarūpa金的或金的塑像(a gilt or golden image or statue)kañcanasūci, 金色的髮夾(a gold pin, a hair-pin of gold)

Kañcuka(from kañc (kac) to bind, Sk. kañcuka),【陽】夾克,外套,甲胄,蛻的蛇皮。

Kañjika, kañjiya(Sk. kāñjika),【中】酸粥(sour rice-gruel)

Kaññā,【陰】女孩,年輕未婚女子(a young (unmarried) woman, maiden, girl)

Kaa,【陽】墊,頰(台語:喙(卑頁)chui3 phue2)kaasāra,【陽】莖梗製的墊。

Kaa, (= kata), karoti的【過】已做。

Kaaka,【陽】【中】1.圓圈,手鐲(anything circular, a ring, a wheel ; a bracelet)2.岩洞。

Kaacchu,【陽】匙(a ladle, a spoon)kaacchumatta,【形】一匙量的。

Kaasī,【陰】墓地(a cemetery)

Kaṭāha(Sk. kaṭāha),【陽】【中】容器,大鍋,堅果殼。

Kai(=Kaa),【陰】臀部,腰部。kaaṭṭhika, 臀骨

Kauka,【形】強烈的,劇烈的,痛苦的,苦痛的,【中】苦痛。kaukatta,【中】苦痛,激烈,辛味kaukabhaṇḍa,【中】調味品。kaukapphala,【形】苦果,有痛苦的效果。【中】芬芳植物的種子。kaukavipāka,【形】苦報,有痛苦的結果。

Kauviya﹐【形】吐出的、不潔的。

Kauviyakata,【形】污染。

Kaṭṭha1 (Sk. kṛṣṭa, pp. of kasati, cp. kiṭṭha), 耕耘(ploughed, tilled)akaṭṭha,未耕耘(untilled, unprepared)sukaṭṭha, 耕耘(well-ploughed)

Kaṭṭha-2 (Sk. kaṣṭa), 【形】壞的,沒有價值的(bad, useless. Only in cpds.; perhaps also in pakaṭṭhaka.)kaṭṭhaga, 沒有價值的(pithless, sapless, of no value (of trees) )kaṭṭhamukha, 一種蛇(a kind of snake DhsA.300. )

Kaṭṭha3 (Brh. Kāṣṭha),【中】木材(a piece of wood, esp. a stick used as fuel, chips, firewood)kaṭṭhatthara,【中】木床,以小枝製成的墊。kaṭṭhamaya,【形】木製的。kaṭṭhakahala, 【中】陶器的破片。kaṭṭhatia, 草木(PvA.256.)S.48.39./V,213.“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dvinna kaṭṭhāna saghaṭṭanasamodhānā usmā jāyati, tejo abhinibbattati; tesayeva kaṭṭhāna nānābhāvāvinikkhepā yā tajjā usmā sā nirujjhati sā vūpasammati.”(諸比丘!譬如以二木互相摩擦,生熱,出火;將那木頭分離,對於這個的熱,它就滅,它就止息。) 對於樂、苦、喜、憂、捨諸感受,都是保持著冷靜的觀察,觀它生,觀它滅。

Kaṭṭhaka,【陽】竹子。

Kaṭṭhissa,【中】鑲珠寶的絲被單。

Kahala,【中】陶器的破片。

Kahina(Sk. kahina & kahora),【形】粗糙的,硬的,僵硬的。【中】迦絺那衣。kahinatthāra,【陽】奉獻迦絺那袈裟。kahinuddhāra,【陽】取消迦絺那利益。

kaḍḍh﹐【字根I.】拖拉(to drag)

Kaḍḍhati (kaḍḍh+a), 拖拉拉。kaḍḍhi,【過】。kaḍḍhita,【過】。kaḍḍhanta,【現】。

Kaḍḍhana,【中】拉,拖拉,吸。

Kaa,【陽】穀殼和米粒之間的細粉末,碎米。

Kaaya,【陽】一種矛,矮矛。

Kaavīra,【陽】()夾竹桃( Karavīra)

Kaṇājaka,【中】碎米粥。

Kaikāra,【陽】翅子樹 (Pterospermum Acerifolium) 印度的一種材用喬木,木材淡紅色,花金色,硬重適中,大都用作地板。

Kaiṭṭha, kaiya(<ka),【形】最年輕的,出生的年紀較小者,【陽】kaiṭṭhaka(=kaniṭṭhabhātika),【陽】弟弟。

Kaiṭṭhā, kaiṭṭhikā, kaiṭṭhī,【陰】妹妹。

Kaeru,【陽】象。【陰】雌象。參考 kareu 雌象

Kaṇṭaka(<kantati2 )【中】1.刺,荊棘(a thorn)2.骨頭。3.任何有尖端的工具。4.障礙物(an obstacle, hindrance, nuisance)kaṇṭakagahana﹐【中】刺的叢林。kaṇṭakapassaya,【陽】皮下有長釘或刺的皮床。kaṇṭakādhāna,【中】多刺的樹籬。kaṇṭakattaṁ障礙性。akaṇṭaka刺。sakaṇṭaka刺。nikkaṇṭaka離刺。akaṇṭaka-nikkaṇṭaka無刺離刺。S.35.203./IV,189.Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ya loke piyarūpa sātarūpa, aya vuccati ariyassa vinaye kaṇṭako”ti.(同理,諸比丘!凡世間有可愛的相貌,可意的相貌,於聖者之律,這稱為荊棘’(kaṇṭako))

Kaṇṭha,【陽】脖子,咽喉。kaṇṭhaja,【形】在咽喉中産生的,喉嚨的。kaṇṭhanāḷa,【陽】咽喉。

Kaṇṭhaka1 thorn, see kaṇṭaka(刺;骨頭;任何有尖端的工具;障礙物)

Kaṇṭhaka2,伴隨喬達摩離開皇宮時的馬(Mhbv 25; spelt kanthaka at J.I.54, 62 sq.)

Kaṇḍa(Sk. kāṇḍa),【陽】【中】1.部分,章。2.箭,軸。kaṇḍa, 片刻((adv.) a portion of time, for a while, a little)

Kaṇḍaka(=kaṇṭaka Vin.II,318 (Bdhgh.); A.III,383; Bu XIII.29), 強盜akaṇḍaka, 免於強盜的危險(free from thieves, PvA.161.)

Kaṇḍarā,【陰】腱。

Kaṇḍu, kaṇḍuti,【陰】發癢,疥癬。kaṇḍuppaicchādi,【陰】覆瘡衣。

Kaṇḍūyana, kaṇḍūvana,【中】瘙癢,抓痕。

Kaṇḍūvati (kaṇḍu 的【派】), 發癢,被激怒,癢傷。kaṇḍūvi,【過】。

Kaṇṇa (kara),【中】耳朵,角,角落,衣服的邊緣。kaṇṇakauka,【形】難聽的,刺耳。kaṇṇagūtha, kaṇṇamala,【中】耳垢。kaṇṇacchidda,【中】耳孔。kaṇṇaccbinna,【形】被割掉耳朵的人。kaṇṇajappaka,【形】耳語的人。kaṇṇajappana,【中】耳語。kaṇṇajalūkā,【陰】小蜈蚣。kaṇṇabila,【中】耳孔。kaṇṇabhūsā,【陰】耳環,耳朵的裝飾品。kaṇṇamūla,【中】耳根。kaṇṇavalli,【陰】耳垂。kaṇṇavijjhana,【中】耳朵的穿孔。kaṇṇavehana,【中】耳朵的某種裝飾品。kaṇṇasakkhalikā,【陰】外耳。kaṇṇasota,【中】耳邊。kaṇṇasukha,【形】悅耳的。kaṇṇasūla,【中】耳痛,耳疼。

Kaṇṇadhāra,【陽】(容器的)杯耳。

Kaṇṇikā,【陰】果皮,束,捆,劄,屋頂,耳朵的裝飾品。kaṇṇikāmaṇḍala,【中】屋頂的椽桷kaṇṇikābaddha,【形】綁成束的。

Kaha,【形】黑(金文,像人掉入黑田(黑色沼澤地,如︰柏油),滿身沾黑,「金文」下載自︰http://www.sinica.edu.tw/~cdp/),暗,邪惡,黑傢伙 (摩羅的別稱)。【陽】黑色,毘瑟挐(Vishu印度教主神之一,守護之神)kahapakkha,【陽】黑半月,虧月(農曆十六日至廿九日或三十日)kahavattanī,【陽】火。kahavipāka,【形】邪業的報應,邪惡的結果。kahasappa,【陽】黑毒蛇。kamma kaha,業黑,黑業,即邪業。【反】kamma sukka業白,白業,即正業。kamma kahasukka﹐黑白業。Kahasukkasappaibhāga﹐黑白兼備。kamma akaha-asukka akaha-asukkavipāka﹐非黑非白業非黑白果報。《增支部》(A.4.232./II,232.):「比丘!又,云何是非黑非白業非黑白果報(kamma akaha-asukka akaha-asukkavipāka),是能盡諸業之業者耶?諸比丘!此中,若黑業黑報,若斷思;若白業白報,若斷思;若黑白業黑白報,若斷思者。諸比丘!是非黑非白業非黑白報,能名盡諸業。」(cf.《舍利弗阿毘曇論》第七﹐T28.582~28.583) 《增支部注》(AA.4.232.CS:p.2.391.)Pahānāya yā cetanāti ettha vivaṭṭagāminī maggacetanā veditabbā.(斷思:此處感知()導致輪迴的思。)《增支部疏》(AA.4.232.)Yā cetanāti yā apacayagāminicetanā.(若斷思:若再生的毀滅之思。) ‘思:是指(maggacitta)。《大般若波羅蜜多經》卷第三百八十三(T6.979.3 ~ 980.1)︰「非黑非白法,感非黑非白異熟,所謂預流果,或一來果,或不還果,或阿羅漢果,或獨覺菩提,或復無上正等菩提。」(cf. T7.383.1.729.2)

kat﹐【字根II.】切割剪(to cut)

Kata(=Kaa), (karoti 的【過), 已做,已製造,已做完,已實現。katakamma,【形】熟練的,業,已做了自己的工作。katakalyāṇa,【形】做善事的人。Katakicca(< kata-kicca < kar, karotikata, pp. 已被作;kicca,fpp. 應作之務(應斷之染、應證之智)),【形】已運行義務。katañjalī,【形】合十。katapaisanthāra,【形】善待遇。kataparicaya,【形】熟練的,熟悉的。katapātarāsa,【形】吃了早餐。katapuñña,【形】種福,造福。katapuññatā,【陰】種福的事實。katapubba,【形】往昔已做的。Katabhattakicca(=bhattakicca katvā),【形】用過餐的。katabhāva,【陽】做了的事實。katavedī,【形】感謝的。kataveditā,【陰】報恩,感恩。katasakkāra, katasagaha,【形】受款待的人。katasaketa,【中】約會,預先告示。katasikkha,【形】熟練的人。katanuggaha,【形】被協助的。katadhikāra, katabhinīhāra, katabhinivesa,【形】已決意或熱望的人。kataparādha,【形】有罪的,違反者。katabhiseka,【形】施以塗油禮,供神用的。katākata﹐已作和未作(what has been done & left undone)katāni akatāni ca﹐已作和未作(deeds done & not done)

Kataññū(cp. Sk. ktajña),【形】感恩的,親切的,知恩(lit. knowing, i. e. acknowledging what has been done (to one))(台語:食水知水頭ciah8 cui2 cai cui2 thau5,知恩報本ti un po3 pun2)kataññuta,【陰】感恩。akataññuta,【陰】不知感恩(ungrateful)akata-ññu,知無作的(knowing the Uncreated, i. e. knowing Nibbāna)akataññu-rūpa(& akataññusambhava), 不知感恩的本性(of ungrateful nature)

Kataññutā (abstr. <kataññū) ,【陰】感恩gratefulness (katassa jānanatā). akataññutā,不知感恩(ungratefulness)

Katatta(abstr. fr. kata, cp. Sk. ktatva),【中】做,已做的事實(the doing of, performance of, only in Abl. katattā. Used adverbially in meaning of “owing to, on account of”. akatattā through non-performance of, in absence or in default of)

Katama(cp. Vedic katama),【形】哪一,什麽,哪個(which, which one (of two or more))In some cases merely emphatic for ko, e.g. (katamena maggena āgato?); (katamo so atta-pailābho?). -- Instr. katamena (scil. maggena) adv. by which way, how?

Katamatte,【處】一旦做完一些事物。

Katara,【形】哪一個(二中之一)

Kati,【疑綴】多少,幾多。kativassa,【形】幾年,幾歲? katividha,【形】幾種?

Katikā,【陰】會話,交談,協定。katikāvatta,【中】契約,協定。僧團規約(saghassa katikasaṇṭhāna):由某一寺院或住區範圍內的僧衆訂立的共同遵守的規章、條例、細則。(cf. Vin.Cv.357.)

Katipaya,【形】一些。

Katipāha,【中】幾天。katipāha,【副】幾天。

Katūpakāra,【形】幫助的。【陽】幫忙。

Katupāsana,【形】精於箭術,靈巧的。

Kate (Loc. of kata)【副】為了(for the sake of),代表(on behalf of)

Katokāsa,【形】被允許,准許的。

Kattabba,【義】應該做。【中】責任,義務。kattabbayuttaka,【形】應該做的。kattabbattā, kattabbatā,【陰】應該做。

Kattara,【形】非常小的。kattaradaṇḍa,【陽】kattarayaṭṭhi,【陰】拐杖,棒,桿。kattarasuppa,【陽】小簸箕。

Kattari, kattarikā,【陰】剪刀(scissors),大剪刀。

Kattikamāsa,【陽】迦底迦月(月份名,於十月至十一月之間,農曆9161015)

Kattikā, & Kattika, (cp. Sk. kttikā f. pl. the Pleiades & BSk. karthika),【陰】 916~1015(during which the full moon is near the constellation of Pleiades. It is the last month of the rainy season, terminating on the full moon day of Kattikā (kattika-puṇṇamā))

Kattikā,【陰】昂宿(二十七星宿之一)

Kattu,【陽】製造者,行爲者,作家,句子的主題。kattukāma,【形】樂意做的。kattukāmatā, kattukamyatā,【陰】想做。kattukamyatāchanda,想做之欲。

Kattu,【不】要去做。

katth﹐【字根I.】稱讚(to praise)

Kattha,【副】哪裡?

Katthaci,【無】某處。

Katthati (kath+a),以有而自豪,自誇。katthi,【過】。katthita,【過】。

Katthanā,【陰】自誇。

Katthī,【形】自誇的人,自誇的。katthita自吹自擂的。

Katvā, (karotī 的【獨】), 做完,做了。

kath﹐【字根VII.】說(to say)

Kathañci﹐某方式(somehow)

Katthaci﹐某處(somewhere)

Kathana,【中】會談,交談。

Katha,【副】如何? kathakathā,【陰】疑慮,疑惑,不確定。kathakathī,【形】疑心的人。kathakara,【形】如何做,做什麽的? kathabhūta,【形】什麽種類的? 什麽樣的? kathavidha, kathapakāra,【形】什麽類型? kathasīla,【形】什麽戒的?  kathaktva? 【梵】何以故? S.2.14./I,53. Kathavidha sīlavanta vadanti, kathavidha paññavanta vadanti. Kathavidho dukkhamaticca iriyati, kathavidha devatā pūjayantī”ti.(怎樣的人說為具戒者?怎樣的人說為具慧者?怎樣的人超越了苦迫?怎樣的人得到天神的尊敬?)

Kathā(<kath to tell or talk, see katheti; nearest synonym is lap),【陰】論,演講,故事,談話。kathāpābhata,【中】會談的主題。kathāmagga,【陽】敍述,說明。kathādosa﹐無虛言。dānakatha sīlakatha saggakatha, kāmāna ādīnava okāra sakilesa nekkhamme ānisajsa pakāsi,說布施論、持戒論、生天論,及說諸欲之災患、卑陋、污穢,出離之功德。A.9.1./IV,352.appicchakathā santuṭṭhikathā pavivekakathā asasaggakathā vīriyārambhakathā sīlakathā samādhikathā paññākathā vimuttikathā vimuttiñāṇadassanakathā((十論︰)少欲論、知足論、遠離論、無雜論、發勤論、戒論、定論、慧論、解脫論、解脫智見論。)

Kathāvatthu,【中】《論事》巴利論藏第五部,乃阿育王時代第三結集時(大約B.C.255),由目犍連子帝須(Moggaliputta-tissa)所編輯。內容以問答體的形式,闡明錫蘭大寺派所傳承的分別上座部教理,而將其他部派學說視為異端,加以批評駁斥,全部由二十三品226條的論點組成,且還涵蓋其他部派對《律藏》和《經藏》的不同解釋。在《論事》有比較完整及系統的巴利佛教邏輯應用,不同於因明或中論的風格。《論事》尚有︰《論事注釋》(Kathāvatthu-aṭṭhakathā)、《論事根本注疏》(Kathāvatthu-mūlaṭīkā)、《論事小注疏》(Kathāvatthu-anuṭīkā)等。AA.3.67./II,308.Kathāvatthūnīti kathākāraṇāni, kathāya bhūmiyo patiṭṭhāyoti attho.(論事︰論之因,論之基地,和立足之義。)

《論事》邏輯方式共有八種方法,稱為「八抑義」 (Aṭṭhakaniggahanaya) 其分為兩個部分:一、「順論」(Anulomapaccanīka)有四論,二、「反論」(Paccanīkānuloma)有四論。每一論也再分成五種方法。第一論Anulomapañcaka﹝順論 五﹞1.)hapanā建立﹞有兩種:一、Anulomahapanā﹝順建﹞,二、Pailomahapanā﹝反建﹞,2.)Anulomapāpanā﹝順到﹞,3.)Anulomaropanā﹝順提﹞,4.)Pailomapāpanā﹝反到﹞,5.)Pailomaropanā﹝反提﹞。

Anulomapañcaka﹝順論 五﹞

1.)hapanā建立: 設立問題﹞有兩種:

一、Anulomahapanā (Anuloma順著 + hapanā建立)

﹝順建:從答案問題順著建問﹞例如: 若接受 A B

二、Pailomahapanā (Pailoma + hapanā建立)

﹝反建:從答案問題反回建問﹞例如: 若不接受B A

2.)Anulomapāpanā (Anuloma順著 + pāpanā到,使到,此處指讓對方接受)

    ﹝順到:是讓對方接受第一個答案,由改第二個答案順著第一答案﹞

           例如 → ( Anulomahapanā) 如果接受 A B

                              (順到Anulomapāpanā) 也應該接受 B A

3.)Anulomaropanā (Anuloma順著 + ropanā提出。此處指出對方錯誤)

﹝順提:讓對方知道錯誤,指出第二答案錯誤,因對第一答案相反矛盾﹞

例如 → ( Anulomahapanā):如果接受 A B

             (順到Anulomapāpanā):也應該接受 B A

             (順提Anulomaropanā):有接受 A B但不接受B A

                                                            此言錯!(自己矛盾)

4.)Pailomapāpanā (Pailoma + pāpanā到,使到,此處指讓對方接受)

﹝反到:是讓對方接受第二個答案,由改第一個答案順著第二答案﹞

           例如 → (Pailomahapanā) 如果不接受 B A

                               (反到Pailomapāpanā) 也不應該接受 A B

5.)Pailomaropanā(Pailoma + ropanā提出,指出,此處指出對方錯誤)

﹝反提:讓對方知道錯誤,指出第一答案錯誤,因對第二答案相反矛盾﹞

例如  (Pailomahapanā):如果不接受 B A

           (反到Pailomapāpanā):也不應該接受 A B

              (反提Pailomaropanā):有接受 A B但不接受B A

                                                             此言錯!(自己矛盾)

(錄自︰Bhikkhu Ānando︰《巴利阿毘達磨《論事》對「說一切有」思想批判之研究)

Kathāsallāpa,【陽】會談(talk, conversation)

Kathāpeti (katheti 的【使】), 令說,送出資訊。kathāpesi,【過】。kathāpetvā【獨】。

Kathita, (Katheti的【過) 說,講,敍述。kathitakathitaṭṭhāna﹐說說講講。akathita, 不可講說。

Katheti (kath +e), 說,講,開示,敍述。kathesi,【過】。kathenta,【現】。

Kathetvā,【獨】說了,開示了。kathīyati,【被】被說。

Kadanna,【中】發黴的飯,壞的食物。

Kadamba,【陽】迦蘭波樹,東印度團花(東印度群島的茜草科的一種遮陽喬木 (Anthocephalus cadamba),木材硬、黃色,花簇生、球形、橙色芳香)

Kadariya,【形】小氣的,吝嗇的,【中】貪財,小氣。kadariyatā,【陰】吝嗇,小氣。

Kadalī1(Sk. kadalī),【陰】1.車前草(the plantain, Musa sapientium)2.旗幟(a flag, banner)3.香蕉,香蕉()(台語︰芎蕉欉)kadaliphala,【中】香蕉。

Kadalī2,【陰】羚鹿(an antelope)kadalimiga,【陽】羚鹿鹿皮。kadalimigapavara-paccattharaa,(最好的)羚鹿(皮製)的毛氈。

Kadā,【副】什麽時候?

Kadāci﹐【副】某時(sometime, once (upon a time))kathañci﹐某方式(somehow)

Katthaci﹐某處(somewhere)

Kadāci,【無】有時。Kadācikarahaci(kadāci karahaci),【無】很少,有時。

Kaddama,【陽】泥,泥潭。kaddamabahula,【形】滿地爛泥。kaddamodaka,【中】泥水。

Kanaka,【中】黃金。kanakacchavī, kanakattaca,【形】金膚色。kanakappabhā,【陰】金色。kanakavimāna,【中】金宮。

Kanīnikā,【陰】瞳孔。

Kanta,【形】愉快的,可愛的。【陽】心愛的人,丈夫。akanta,【反】不愉快的。

Kantati1 , (Sk.kṛṇatti)編織(to plait, twist, spin)

Kantati2, (kant +a) (Sk.kṛṇtati)切割(to cut, cut off),修剪。kanti,【過】。kantanta,【現】。

Kantana,【中】紡紗,切開。

Kantā,【陰】女人,妻子。

Kantāra,【陽】險難處,荒野,沙漠。kantāranittharaa,【中】通過沙漠。corakantāra, 盜賊險難處。vāḷakantāra, 猛獸險難處。nirudakakantāra, 無水險難處(無洗澡水、飲用水)amanussakantāra, 非人險難處。appabhakkhakantāra,饑饉險難處。(JA.I,99.)

Kantita, (kantati 的【過) 已紡,以切(割、削),已修剪。

kand﹐【字根I.】哭泣(to weep)

Kanda,【陽】塊莖,薯蕷(yam)

Kandati (kand+a), 哭,悲歎,哀悼。kandi,【過】。kandita,【過】。

Kandanta, (Kandati的【現) 哭,悲歎

Kandana, kandita,【中】哭,悲歎。

Kandara,【陽】kandarā,【陰】窟穴,在山壁中的洞穴。

Kanduka,【陽】(遊戲中用的)球。

Kapaa,【形】1.貧窮的,悲慘的。2.不重要的,微不足道的。【陽】乞丐。

Kapalla, kapallaka,【中】平底鍋,陶瓷碎片,大釜,壺,缽kapallapūva,【陽】【中】薄烤餅,饅頭

Kapāla, kapālaka,【陽】1.(似龜的)殼。2.平鍋。3.乞丐的碗。sīsakapāla, 頭蓋骨。

Kapi,【陽】猴子。kapikacchu,【陽】倒鈎毛黧豆(熱帶的一種木質藤本植物 (Mucuna pruritum),莢彎曲,被脆而倒鈎的毛,能引起皮膚的特別癢感)

Kapiñjala,【陽】鷓鴣(partrige)。古音譯:劫賓闍邏。

KapitthaKapiṭṭhaka﹐【陽】野蘋果(Feronia elephantum; wood-apple)

Kapila,【形】黃褐色,茶色的。【陽】1.黃褐色,茶色。2.一位聖人的名字。3.一種灌木之名。Kapilavatthu, 迦毘羅衛城。‘Kapila’不是來自一位仙人的名字,而是自遠古以來,尼泊爾當地用它生產食用油。

Kapilavatthu,【中】迦毘羅衛城,悉達多(Siddhartha)王子出生的城市。

Kapisīsa,【陽】門楣。

Kapota(Sk. kapota, greyish blue, cp. kapi),【陽】鴿子(a pigeon)斑鳩(a dove台語:斑甲)2. (f.) °i a female pigeon PvA 47; °ka (f. °ikā Miln.365) a small pigeon J I.244.
  --p
āda (of the colour) of a pigeon’s foot J I.9.)

Kapola,【陽】頰(cheek)

kapp﹐【字根VII.1.能幹(to be able)2.(=kp)使適合(to be fit for)

Kappa, 【形】【陽】【中】1.適當的(fitting, suitable, proper)2.【中】馬套、圈套(a fitting, i. e. harness or trapping)3.劫,世界周期,地質年。kappaṭṭhāyī, kappaṭṭhītika,【形】住劫,持續一個世界周期。kapparukkha,【陽】劫樹(一種天上的樹),實現所有希望的天樹。kappavināsa,【陽】毀劫,世界的破壞。kappavināsaka,【形】耗劫,世界的消耗。KhA.114.︰「而此「kappa」字有相信、如法的、時間、施設、切斷、解說、一會兒、周遍等多義。如此,在:「由於是阿拉漢、正自覺者,所以苟答馬(Gotama)尊者(的話)是應當相信的(okappanīya)」,如此等為相信(abhisaddahana)之義。在:「諸比庫,我聽許可以食用五種沙門所允許〔淨〕(kappa)()果」,【116】如此等為如法的(vohāra) (之義)。在:「我實恒常(kappa)安住」,如此等為時間(kāla) (之義)。在:「該咖帕(Kappa)尊」,如此等為施設(paññatti)(的名字之義)。在:「以修剪(kappa)鬚髮來莊嚴」,如此等為切斷(chedana)(之義)。在:「允許(kappa)兩指寬是允許的」,如此等為解說(vikappa)(之義)。在:「應可躺臥一會兒(kappa)」,如此等為一會兒(lesa)(之義)。」

Kappa,【形】適當的,(在【合】中)相似。

Kappaka,【陽】1.理髮師。2.侍從。

Kappaa,【陽】舊碎布,破布。

Kappati (kapp使適合+a), 是適宜,看起來或覺得是的樣子,適當。

Kappana,【中】kappanā,【陰】1.安裝。2.束以馬具,裝上馬鞍。3.次序化。4.思考,( jīvita 加上前言) 生計,謀生。

Kappabindu,【中】點淨,塗在袈裟上的黑點(以示不執取新衣)

Kappara,【陽】手肘。S.11.5./CS:pg.1.334.Īsāmukhenāti rathakapparamukhena.(車竿︰車上的竿子。)

Kappāsa(=kapāsa;梵 karpāsa),【中】棉花,棉布,古譯:古貝。kappāsapaala,【中】棉花層。kappāsamaya, kappāsasika,【形】棉製的。kappāsī,【陽】棉花樹。kappāsapicu【陽】棉花絮。kappāsika, 劫貝衣,即以劫貝樹絮織成之綿衣。kappāsikavanasaṇḍa,【陽】劫貝樹林。

Kappika,【形】(在【合】中)世界周期的。

Kappita, (kappeti 的【過) 已準備,已上馬具,已整理,已過著。

Kappiya,【形】充用的,守法的,適當的。

Kappiyakāraka (kappiya適當的+kāraka作者),【陽】出家人的隨從,提供適當事物的人,淨人(在佛教僧團有十七種「執事人」(veyyāvaccakara),只有第十三種「淨人」是在家眾)kappiyabhaṇḍa,【中】允許出家人用的事物。

Kappūra,【陽】【中】樟樹(camphor)

Kappeti (kapp(kp)使適合+e), 準備,上馬具,整理,考慮,製造,過著(生活)kappesi,【過】。kappenta,【現】。opt. kappeyya

Kappetvā,【獨】上了馬具,整理了,準備了。

Kabara,【形】有斑點的,雜色的,斑駁的,多樣化的。

Kabala, Kavala, Kavaa, (cp. Sk. kavala BSk. kavaa),【陽】【中】小塊,一口(a small piece (=ālopa PvA.70), a mouthful, always appl. to food, either solid or liquid)kabalikāra,【陽】許多的。Kabalikārāhāra(kabaḷīkāro āhāra, kabaikāra āhāra),【陽】實質性的食物,段食(時節生色,或色聚中的食素oja)kabalikārāhārabhakkha-deva﹐搏食天,以塊狀食物為食之天界,指欲界諸天。kabalikāro āhāro oḷāriko va sukhumo va﹐麁細之摶食。印度人一般之食法,將食物以手捏成糰而食之,故謂之摶食。

Kabaikā(cp. Sk. kavalikā),【陰】繃帶(包紮受傷之用)

Kabba, Kabya,(cp. Sk. kāvya),【中】詩,詩的寫作(a poem, poetical composition, song, ballad in)kabba karoti, 寫歌(to compose a song)kabbakaraa,作詩(making poems)kabbakāra,詩人(=kabyakāraka, a poet)kabyalakāra, 寫歌頌句(莊嚴偈)

kam(kram)﹐【字根I.行、踏(to step)

Kama(<kam(kram), cp. Vedic krama (kama-) step, in urukama, BSk. krama reprieve),【陽】1.正常(工作)狀態,方式,進程,方法(going, proceeding, course, step, way, manner, e. g. sabbatth’âvihatakkama “having a course on all sides unobstructed” )purisaparakkama﹐人的超常狀態。kamakama, 【形】以某方式進行(having a certain way of going: catukkama walking on all fours (=catuppāda)

Kamati (kam+a), 1.行走(to walk)2.(to go or get to, to enter)3.參與。kami,【過】。kanta,【過】。kamitva, -kamituna, -kamma,【獨】。

Kamaṇḍalu,【陽】【中】(帶柄和傾口的)大水罐。

Kamanīya,【形】令人想要的,可愛的,美麗的。

Kamala 【中】睡蓮。kamaladala,【中】睡蓮的花瓣。

Kamalāsana,【陽】梵天,造物主。

Kamalinī,【陰】蓮池。

Kamasakhyā﹐【陰】序數。pahama=第一,  dutiya=第二,  tatiya=第三﹐ catthutha=第四,  pañcama=第五,  chaṭṭha=第六,  sattama=第七,  aṭṭhama=第八,  navama=第九, dasama=第十, ekādasama=第十一,  dvādasama=第十二,  terasama=第十三,  cuddasama=第十四,  pañcadasama=第十五﹐soasama=第十六,  sattarasama=第十七,  aṭṭhārasama=第十八, ekūnavīsatima=第十九, vīsatima=第二十,  tisatima=第三十,  cattāḷīsatima=第四十,  paññāsatima=第五十,  saṭṭhatitama=第六十,  sattatima=第七十, asītima=第八十,  navutima=第九十,  satama=第一百。

Kamuka,【陽】檳榔樹(areca nut tree)現代北印度語中則稱檳榔PanAbhidhānappadīpikāṭīkā (CS:p.573,#1051)Kamuke tambūlaphalarukkhe.(檳榔:檳榔果的樹)檳榔子在中藥材具有止痢、驅蟲、縮瞳、興奮等效果,其主要成分包括多酚化合物、檳榔鹼、粗纖維、脂肪、醣類等。其成份會促使口腔黏膜細胞合成膠原蛋白質的量增加,同時會使分解及吞食膠原蛋白質的能力下降;因此形成過量之膠原纖維堆積,並因而成為口腔黏膜纖維化症,其中咀嚼後可產生提神(興奮性)及保暖感覺的成分來自於檳榔鹼,檳榔鹼含有致突變性之物質,對人類口腔纖維母細胞有細胞毒性。其中的是檳榔素,是一種副交感神經作用藥劑,在一般劑量有催涎及發汗的作用,高劑量則會作用在肌肉及中樞神經。檳榔素在肝臟中會被轉變成檳榔啶,高劑量檳榔啶有鎮靜的效果。

Kampaka,【形】搖動者。

kamp﹐【字根I.】搖動(to shake)

Kampati (kamp搖動+a), 戰慄,波動。kampi,【過】。kampamāna, kampanta,【現】。

Kampana,【中】kampā,【陰】發抖,運動。

Kampita, (kampeti kampati 的【過), 已搖動,已激動。

Kampiya,【形】活動的,可搖動的。

Kampeti (kampati 的【使】), 搖動,令戰慄。kampesi,【過】。kampenta,【現】。

Kampetvā, kampiya,【獨】搖動了。

Kambala,【中】毛織品,毛毯,音譯:鉗婆羅寶。kambalī,【形】穿絨衣的人。kambalīya,【中】絨衣。

Kambu,【陽】【中】黃金,海螺殼。kambugīva,【形】脖子有三條皺紋的人。

Kamboja,【陽】1.劍浮,劍浮沙,劍蒲,紺蒲,甘菩。印度十六大國之一。在印度西北,犍陀羅(Gandhāra)附近,生產牛、馬等。《華嚴疏鈔》卷四十五:「甘菩遮國,正雲紺蒲,即是果名。赤白圓滿,乍似此方林檎,而複三約橫文。此國多端正女人,面似甘蒲,三約文成,以女名國。」kambojaka,【陽】,劍浮沙國人。

Kamboji,【陽】(馬蹄)決明(Cassia tora假綠豆),或翅果鐵刀木(Cassia alata)(kamojagumba= eagalāgumba耶羅伽羅)

Kamma1,【中】業(actionvolitional,造作身口意的善因、惡因),行爲(deed)kammakaraa,【中】造業,勞動,服務,工作。kammakāraṇā,【陰】體罰。kammakkhaya,【陽】消業。kammaja,【形】業生的。kammadāyāda,【形】受作業分(受業的嗣),業的繼承者。kammanānatta,【中】多種業。kammanibbatta,【形】通過業而生的。kammaniyāma﹐業的定律。kammapaisaraa,【形】依靠業。kammapatha,【陽】業道,行動的方法。kammappaccaya,【形】業緣的。kammaphala(=vipāka異熟),【中】業的果,因果的報應。kammabandhu,【形】業的眷屬,業爲親戚。kammabala,【中】業力,因果報應的力量。kammayoni,【形】業的生,業爲母胎。kammavāda,【陽】業論,因果報應的觀點。kammavādin,【形】信業,信仰因果報應。kammavipāka,【陽】業的異熟,業的報應。kammavega,【陽】業的推動力,因果報應的動力。kammasamuṭṭhāna,【形】由業而生起的。kammasambhava,【形】業生的。kammasarikkhaka,【形】與業有相似的因果關係。kammassaka,【形】自作業,自己造的業,業的主人。kammassakadiṭṭhi,【形】自作業之見。kammāyūhana,【中】業的堆積。kammaupacaya,【陽】業的積聚。dasakammapatha﹐十業道。十不善業道pāṇātipātā(=pāṇa hanati)殺生、adinnādānā (=adinna ādiyati) sammādiṭṭhikā不與取、kāmesumicchācārā(=kāmesu micchā carati)邪淫(與妻非處行淫亦屬邪淫,非處’adeso,謂口及大便處)musāvādā(=musā vadati)妄語、pisuṇāya vācāya(=pisua katheti)離間、pharusāya vācāya(=pharusa bhāsati)粗語、samphappalāpā(= sampha palapati)綺語、abhijjhā貪、byāpannacittā瞋、micchādiṭṭhi邪見。十善業道:離殺生、離不與取、離邪淫、離妄語、離離間、離粗語、離綺語、無貪、無瞋、正見。kammassakatā  sammādiṭṭhi﹐自業正見,視「業」為個自的財產的正見。有六種自業正見:sabbe sattā kammassakā, kammadāyādā, kammayoni, kammabandhū, kammappaisaraṇā, ya kamma karissanti kālayāna vā pāpaka vā tassa dāyādā bhavissanti.一切眾生各有己業、業的承繼人、業是母胎、業是眷屬、業是所依,他們都是自己所造善惡業的主人由業區分有情而有貴賤尊卑等(A.5.57./III,75.)Yathā yathā’ya puriso kamma karoti tathā tathā ta paisamvediyati﹐隨人所作業則受其報(=如此如此那人作業,他自受如是如是〔報)

(Mohavicchedanī斷除愚痴(CS:p.78)Tassa tassa vā kusalākusalakammassa tatasadisāsadisarūpārūpavipākadāna, kammasarikkhakavipākadānañca kammaniyāmo nāma.(如此這般的善不善業,得到如此這般相似不相似的色、無色業報,得到與業有相似的業報(梵語 niyandaphala等流果),稱為的定律)(《法集論注》(DhsA.CS:p.313)Tihetukakamma tihetukaduhetukāhetukavipāka deti.  Duhetukakamma duhetukāhetukavipāka deti, tihetuka na detīti, eva tassa tassa kammassa tatasadisavipākadānameva kammaniyāmo nāma.(三因業,得到三因、二因、無因的果報;二因業,得到二因、無因的果報;如此這般的業,得到如此這般相對應的果報。)

M.56./I,373. “Na kho, tapassi, āciṇṇa Tathāgatassa ‘daṇḍa, daṇḍan’ti paññapetu; ‘kamma, kamman’ti kho, tapassi, āciṇṇa Tathāgatassa paññapetun”ti.((世尊說:)「苦行者!如來不常說已兌現的「罰,罰」。苦行者!如來是常說已實踐的「業,業」。」“Imesa kho aha, tapassi, tiṇṇa kammāna eva paivibhattāna eva paivisiṭṭhāna manokamma mahāsāvajjatara paññapemi pāpassa kammassa kiriyāya pāpassa kammassa pavattiyā, no tathā kāyakamma, no tathā vacīkamman”ti.((世尊說:)「苦行者!這三業當中,這是很確定的,這是很明顯的,我說造惡業、惡業的生起,意業最重罪。身業不如此,口業不如此。」

Kamma2,【中】工作(job),造作(work)kammakara, kammakāra,【陽】工人,勞工。kammakaraa,【中】造業,勞動,服務,工作。kammakāraṇā,【陰】體罰。AA.5.89./III,274.Kammārāmatāti navakamme ramanakabhāvo. (()事業:樂於新的營作。)AA.6.14./III,348.Kammārāmoti-ādīsu āramaa ārāmo, abhiratīti attho. Vihārakaraṇādimhi navakamme ārāmo assāti kammārāmo.()園的營作等:樂於()園的目標之意。於蓋精舍等新的營作()--給這個「()園的工作」(之定義)D.16./II,78.Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū na kammārāmā bhavissanti na kammaratā na kammārāmatamanuyuttā, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūna pāṭikakhā, no parihāni.(「又,諸比丘!只要諸比丘不喜營作、不喜()事業,諸比丘!則應可預期諸比丘之興盛而非衰亡。」DA.16./I,528.kammanti itikātabbakamma vuccati.  Seyyathida-- cīvaravicāraa, cīvarakaraa, upatthambhana, sūcighara, pattatthavika, asabaddhaka, kāyabandhana, dhamakaraa, ādhāraka, pādakathalika, sammajjanī-ādīna karaanti.(營作:諸如此類的工作之謂。如:審查衣物,做衣服,支撐物,針盒,缽帶,非繫屬物(帶子?),腰帶,吹具,凳子,腳凳,掃帚等。)

  Pāci.IV,6.Kamma nāma dve kammāni-- hīnañca kamma ukkaṭṭhañca kamma. Hīna nāma kamma-- koṭṭhakakamma, pupphachaḍḍakakamma, tesu tesu vā pana janapadesu oññāta avaññāta hīḷita paribhūta acittīkata, eta hīna nāma kamma.  Ukkaṭṭha nāma kamma-- kasi, vaijjā, gorakkhā, tesu tesu vā pana janapadesu anoññāta anavaññāta ahīḷita aparibhūta cittīkata.  Eta ukkaṭṭha nāma kamma.(行業者,有二業:卑業與貴業。卑業者,木工業、打掃業等,於各地方被輕蔑而不被尊敬者,此等名為卑業。貴業者,耕作、商賈、牧牛等,於各地方不被輕蔑、侮慢而被尊敬者,此等名為貴業。)

Kamma3,【中】羯磨(比丘對受戒、懺悔、結界等行事的儀式)

Kammakāraka,【中】(語法)賓格。

Kammakāraṇā,【陰】體罰。M.13./I,87.Tamena rājāno gahetvā vividhā kammakāraṇā kārenti-- 1kasāhipi tāḷenti, 2vettehipi tāḷenti, 3aḍḍhadaṇḍakehipi tāḷenti; 4hatthampi chindanti, 5pādampi chindanti, 6hatthapādampi chindanti, 7kaṇṇampi chindanti, 8nāsampi chindanti, 9kaṇṇanāsampi chindanti; 10bilagathālikampi karonti 11sakhamuṇḍikampi karonti, 12rāhumukhampi karonti, 13jotimālikampi karonti, 14hatthapajjotikampi karonti, 15erakavattikampi karonti, 16cīrakavāsikampi karonti, 17eeyyakampi karonti, 18baisamasikampi karonti, 19kahāpaikampi karonti, 20khārāpatacchikampi karonti, 21palighaparivattikampi karonti, 22palālapīṭhakampi karonti, 23tattenapi telena osiñcanti, 24sunakhehipi khādāpenti, 25jīvantampi sūle uttāsenti, 26asināpi sīsa chindanti. Te tattha maraampi nigacchanti, maraamattampi dukkha. Ayampi, bhikkhave, kāmāna ādīnavo sandiṭṭhiko, dukkhakkhandho kāmahetu kāmanidāna kāmādhikaraa kāmānameva hetu.((破入()家,劫奪、為盜、追剝、通姦他妻。)如是,彼被王捕,處以種種體罰,即:1以鞭打、2以籐打或3以半杖打。4或截手、5截足,6截手足、7截耳、8截鼻、9截耳鼻。10又課以酸粥鍋刑、11課以貝禿刑、12課以羅口刑;13又課以火鬘刑、14燭手刑;15又課以驅行刑、16皮衣刑、17羚羊刑;18又課以鉤肉刑、19錢刑、20灰汁刑、21閂轉刑;22又課以槁踏台刑;或23又以沸騰油灑之、24令狗噉之、25活活杙刺、26以劍斷頭。他們這樣致死或受幾近於死之苦。諸比丘!此是欲患,為現實之苦蘊。以欲為因,以欲為緣,以欲為源,要之,欲為其因。)

酸粥鍋刑(bilagathālika)破頭蓋以入熱丸,為爛腦之刑。

貝禿刑(sakha-muṇḍika)上唇兩側、耳、以至咽喉而裂其皮,所有毛髮結為一束,以棒捻之,連毛髮帶皮取剝之,以粗砂磨洗頭蓋,如貝殼之刑。

羅睺口刑(rāhumukha)如羅睺(阿修羅之王)口,以刑罪之口,即以捧開其口,口之奧部點燈,以槍剌掘其耳部。

火鬘刑(jotimālika)全身浸油,以布包之而點火。次之燭手刑亦同樣包手而點火。

驅行刑(erakavattika),此刑從罪人之頸至下踵唯剝其皮即以索縛而牽之。彼以踏自己之皮而死。

皮衣刑(cīrakavāsika)皮膚由上剝至腰,從腰剝至踵上面的皮著下面。

羚羊刑(eeyyaka)兩肘和兩膝以掛鐵環,用鐵棒貫通之,再用四根鐵棒架之,於地上不能動,焚火於身體之四周。如被火圍繞之羚羊而得名。

鉤肉刑(baisamasika)以兩鉤鉤其身體而剖皮、肉、筋。

錢刑(kahāpaika)(kahāpaa四角銅錢)刑是削取其肉。

灰汁刑(khārāpatacchika)語源不明,見佛音註釋所示之內容,即以兇器傷其身體之各處,從其傷口注入皰性液(khara灰液)由皮、肉、筋流出,唯留連銷之骨骸。

閂轉刑(palighaparivattika)使罪人橫倒,以鐵棒通實其耳,固定於地上不能動,即捉足以迴轉之。

槁踏臺刑(palālapīṭhaka)削其外皮,以臼石摺碎其骨,以毛髮包之如槁踏臺。

Kammaja-vāta,【陽】業生風,出生時的劇痛,分娩的痛苦。

Kammañña, kammaniyakammani(C.)﹐【形】適合工作的,預備好的狀態,易於使用的。Kammaññatā(kamma+nya+tā),【陰】kammabhāva,【陽】預備,能工作,適宜,業有DhsA.(CS:DhsA.pg.195)Kammaññatāti kammani sādhutā; kusalakiriyāya viniyoga-kkhamatāti attho.(適應性:適合工作的善性;善應用於忍耐的狀態。) Abhidhammatthavibhāvinīṭīkā《廣釋》(CS:p.110)Tā kāya-citta-thaddha-bhāva-vūpasama-lakkhaṇā. Kammani sādhu kammañña, tassa bhāvo kammaññatā, kāyassa kammaññatā kāyakammaññatā.(它平息心所僵硬的狀態,容易使用的易適應,它的存在的適應性,為心所適應性)

   Dhs.#46.Katamā tasmi samaye kāyakammaññatā hoti? Yā tasmi samaye vedanākkhandhassa saññākkhandhassa sakhārakkhandhassa 1kammaññatā 2kammaññatta 3kammaññabhāvo--aya tasmi samaye kāyakammaññatā hoti.(在此時什麽是心所適應性?此時是凡是受蘊、想蘊、行蘊的1適應性、2適應、3適應狀態,即「此時是心所適應性」。)

    Dhs.#47.Katamā tasmi samaye cittakammaññatā hoti? Yā tasmi samaye viññāṇakkhandhassa 1kammaññatā 2kammaññatta 3kammaññabhāvo--aya tasmi samaye cittakammaññatā hoti.(在此時什麽是心適應性?此時是凡是識蘊的1適應性、2適業、3適業的態,即「此時是心適應性」。)

Kammaṭṭhāna,【中】業處(工作之處、作業之地),工業的一個部門。kammahānika,【陽】業處者,修禪者。 rūpakammaṭṭhāna﹐色業處。nāmakammaṭṭhāna﹐名業處。

Kammadhāraya,【陽】與形容詞有關的或用作形容詞的複合詞。

Kammanta(Sk. karmānta; kamma+anta),【中】工作,職業。kammaṭṭhāna,【中】辦事處,工場,工作的地方。

Kammantika(<kammanta),【形】經理,勞動者,工匠(a business manager, a laborer, artisan, assistant)

Kammapaccaya, 【陽】業緣(kamma condition)sahajāta-kammapaccaya, 俱生業緣anantara-kammapaccaya, 無間業緣pakatūpanissayapaccaya, 自然親依止()nānākkhaikakammapaccaya, 異剎那業緣

Kammappatta,【形】即席者。

KammabhavaKammabhāva,【陽】業有Ps.(CS:p.50)47. Purimakammabhavasmi moho avijjā, āyūhanā sakhārā, nikanti tahā, upagamana upādāna, cetanā bhavo. Ime pañca dhammā purimakammabhavasmi idha paisandhiyā paccayā.(於以前的業有的痴為無明,努力為行,欲求為愛,接近為取,思為有,這些於以前的業有的五法是今生結生的諸緣。) PsA(CS:p.1.223)purimakammabhavasminti purime kammabhave, atītajātiya kammabhave kariyamāneti attho.(在以前的業有:在以前的業有,帶來在過去生所作的業有。)

Kammavācā,【陰】議會的正式宣言。

Kammasamuṭṭhāna-rūpa﹐【中】業生色(或業等起色)

Kammassakadiṭṭhi,【形】自作業之見。A.5.57./III,72.‘Kammassakomhi, kammadāyādo kammayoni kammabandhu kammapaisarao. Ya kamma karissāmi– kalyāṇa vā pāpaka vā– tassa dāyādo bhavissāmī’ti (我是自業者︰業的繼承者,以業為胎,以業為親屬,以業為歸趣。凡我所造的業,無論美惡,我將是它的繼承者。)

Kammassāmī,【陽】生意的擁有者。

Kammādhiṭṭhāyaka,【陽】主管,負責人,指揮者,管理者。

Kammānurūpa,【形】依照業的。

Kammāra(Vedic karmāra), 【陽】鐵匠、金匠(a smith, a worker in metals generally D II.126, A V.263; a silversmith Sn 962= Dh 239; J I.223; a goldsmith J III.281; V.282. The smiths in old India do not seem to be divided into black-, gold- and silver-smiths; J III.282 and VvA 250, where the smith is the maker of a needle)kammāruddhana, 鐵匠爐灶(a smith’s furnace, a forge J VI.218; kammārakula, 鐵匠世家(a smithy M I.25)kūṭa)a smith’s hammer Vism 254)kammāragaggarī, 鐵匠的風箱(a smith’s bellows S I.106; J VI.165; Vism 287 (in comparison) )kammāraputta, 鐵匠之子( “son of a smith,” i. e. a smith by birth and trade D II.126; A V.263; as goldsmith J VI.237)kammārabhaṇḍu, 禿頭金匠(bhaṇḍ, cp. Sk. bhāṇḍika a barber) a smith with a bald head Vin I.76)kammārasālā, 【陰】鍛工場( a smithy Vism 413; Mhvs 5, 31. ) kammārabhasta﹐煉鐵的風箱。

Kammārambha,【陽】一項事業的開始。

Kammāraha,【形】有參加權的。

Kammārāma,【形】對工作有興趣的。kammārāmatā,【陰】樂於世間的活動。

Kammāsa,【形】1.有斑點的,混雜的。2.不一致的。akammāsa,【形】無斑點的,無混雜的。

Kammika, kammī, (在【合】中) 【陽】做,執行者,照顧者。

Kamyatā, (在【合】中) 【陰】希望,渴望。

Kaya,【陽】購買。kayavikkaya,【陽】貿易,買賣。kayavikkayī,【陽】商人,經紀人。

kar(k, sk)﹐【字根VI.】做或製造(to do or make)

Kara(<kar(k)),【形】1.做的,執行的。2.【陽】1.作者,手(“the maker,” i. e. the hand)(在【合】中) karagga, 手端。karaja,【陽】指甲。karatala,【中】手掌。karapua,【陽】揣手兒,雙手交錯。karabhūsā,【陰】手飾品,手鐲。atikara (adv.) doing too much, going too far; karadukkara (a) difficult to do, not easy, hard, arduous;; (n. nt.) something difficult, a difficult task; ukkara-kārikā “doing of a hard task,” exertion, austerity. karasukara easy to do; na sukara w. inf. it is not easy to.
  
karakaaka (m. nt.) a hand-wheel, i. e. a pulley by which to draw up a bucket of water; karaja “born of kamma” in karaja-kāya the body sprung from action, an expression always used in a contemptible manner, therefore=the impure, vile, low body. karaja-rūpa. karatala the palm of the hand; karamara “one who ought to die from the hand (of the enemy),” but who, when captured, was spared and employed as slave; a slave; karānītā a woman taken in a raid, but subsequently taken to wife; one of the 10 kinds of wives (see itthi) (=dhajāhaṭā); karagāha gahāti to make prisoner; karamita “to be measured with (two) hands,” in karamajjhā, a woman of slender waist.

Karaka,【中】1.杯子,飲料容器。2.【陽】石榴樹。

Karakā,【陰】冰雹。karakāvassa,【中】雹暴,冰雹,雹(暴風雨)

Karajakāya,【陽】(污染而生的)身體。

Karañja,【陽】水黃皮(産於亞洲的一種豆科喬木 (Pongamia glabra),具羽狀複葉,有光澤;花序總狀,花乳白色,芳香,用作遮蔭樹和一種照明油的來源)

Karaa, karaa-, -karaa, (kar(k), cp. Vedic karaa),【形】做,製作,原因,生産(doing, making, causing, producing)。【陰】Karaṇīkaraattha,【陽】就某種意義來說。karaavibhatti,【陰】工具格(語法)cakkhukaraa,  ñāṇakaraa, 導致明智(leading to clear knowledge)ki karaa, 什麼原因? 為什麼?

Karaṇīya(grd. of karoti),【形】應該被做的(that ought to be, must or should be done, to be done, to be made)。【中】責任,義務。karaṇīyatā,【陰】有必須被做的事實。Karaṇīyamatthakusalena yantasanta pada abhisamecca.(若要得到寂靜,應該善巧於利益。) What should be done by one with skill in good. The state of Peace to have attained is this.(translated by Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli)

Karaṇḍa, karaṇḍaka,【陽】篋,首飾盒,小盒子,小容器,台語:橐仔 lok4 a2、觳仔 khok4 a2

Karabha,【陽】1.駱駝。2.手腕。

Karamadda,【陽】假虎刺屬樹 (Carissa carandas)

Karamarānīta,【形】戰俘。

Karavīka,【陽】印度的杜鵑鳥(cuckoo),音譯︰迦陵頻伽鳥。karavīkabhāṇī,【形】清脆,以一種清楚又旋律美妙的聲音說話。

Karavīra,【陽】夾竹桃樹(特指觀賞的常綠灌木 (Nerium oleander),産東印度群島,葉狹長全緣,花簇生,白色至紅色,芳香)

Karitvā, (karoti 的【獨】), 做了。

Karī,【陽】象。

Karīyati (karoti的【被】), 被做。【過】karīyi

Karīyamāna, kayiramāna (kariyati 的【現) 正在做完。

Karīsa1,【中】伽里沙(一個正方形的土地衡量,大約有一英畝a square measure of land, being that space on which a karīsa of seed can be sown (Tamil karīsa), see Rhys Davids, Ancient Coins and Measures of Ceylon, p.18; J.I,94, 212; IV,233, 276; VvA.64.

Karīsa2 (cp. Sk. karīṣa, to chṛṇatti to vomit), 【中】糞,排泄物(refuse, filth, excrement, dung); PvA.87, 258; KhA 59; muttakarīsa, 糞尿(urine and fæces)karīsamagga, 【陽】肛門(the anus; --karīsavāca (nt.) a cesspool J.III,263 (=gūthakūpa); --karīsavāyin, f. karīsinī diffusing an odour of excrement PvA.87.

Karua,【副】可憐地,憐憫地。

Karuṇā(<kar做;cp. Vedic karua nt. (holy) action; Sk. karuṇā, fr. k.),【陰】悲憫,同情(pity, compassion, to destroys the pain of others)karuṇāyanā,【陰】可憐。《廣釋》(Vibhv.p.86CS:p.111)Karoti paradukkhe sati sādhūna hadayakheda janeti, kirati vā vikkhipati paradukkha, kiṇāti vā ta hisati, kiriyati vā dukkhitesu pasāriyatīti karuṇā, sā para-dukkh-āpanayana- kāmatā-lakkhaṇā. Tāya hi paradukkha apanīyatu vā, mā vā, tadākāreneva sā pavattati.(他人受苦時,令諸善人的心震動(同情)為「」;或者拔除他人擾亂之苦,或者買殺它(拔他人之苦),或者在被行為折磨上,被引起行動為「悲」。他帶近他人之苦的渴望的相,或者於被取走他人之苦,勿令如此,然後,他轉起行動)

Karuṇāyati (karuṇā 的【派】), (覺得)可憐。karuṇāyi,【過】。

Kareu, kareukā,【陰】母象,雌象。

Kareri,【陽】麝香薔薇樹(musk-rose tree地中海地區的一種薔薇 (Rosa moschata),枝彎曲或多少攀援,花帶麝香氣味)kareri-kuikā麝香薔薇樹小屋。

Karoti, (kar+o),建築,建立(1. to build, erect)2.做,行動(to act, perform, make, do))3.製造,生產(to produce) 4.寫,組合(to write, compose) 5.穿(to put on, dress) 6. (to impose (a punishment))7.轉入(to turn into (with Loc. or two Acc.))8.使用(to use as (with two Acc.)9.帶入(to bring into (with Loc.))10.放置(to place (with Loc.))kari, akāsi,【過】。kata, -kata,【過】。katvā, karitva, katuna,      kattuna, katvana,          -kariya,-kiriya,【獨】。【現kurumāna, kubbāno, karāno, kubba, akubba, karontaI. Act. 1. Ind. Pres. karomi,; Opt. kare Dh 42, 43, pl. (kareyyāma) kareyyātha; or (sing.) kareyya (freq.), kareyyāsi; kareyya; kuriyā (=Sk. kuryāt); Ppr. karan, or karonto (f. karontī). -- 2. Impf. (akara, etc.).- 3. Aor. (aka) akari, etc., 3rd sing. akāsi, 2nd pl. akattha; 3rd pl. akarisu; akasu; without augment kari. Prohibitive mā(a)kāsi, etc. -- 4. Imper. karohi; karotha. -- 5. Fut. karissāmi, etc.; kassāmi; kāsa; kāhāmi (in sense of I will do, I am determined to do, usually w. puñña & kusala poetical only);2nd sing. kāhasi; 1st pl. kāhāma. -- 6. Inf. kātu; kattu; kātave(=kātu); kātuye. -- 7. pp. kata, see sep. -- 8. Ger. katvā, etc.; katvāna (poet.); karitvā see IV. II. Med. 1. Ind. pres. (kubbe, etc.) 3rd sing. kubbati; 3rd pl. kubbanti; or 3rd sing. kurute; Opt. (kubbe, etc.) 2nd pl. kubbetha; or 3rd sing. kayirā; kayirātha (always expl. by kareyya); kubbaye. -- Ppr. (kurumāna, kubbāno, karāno) (a)kubba; (a)kubbanto It 86; f. (vi)kubbantī; (a)kubbamāna; (vi)kubbamāna. -- 2. Impf. (akari, 2nd sing. akarase, etc.) 3rd sing. akubbatha; 1st pl. akaramhase. -- 3. Aor. (none) -- 4. Imper. (2nd sing. kurussu, 3rd sing. kuruta, 2nd pl. kuruvho) 3rd sing. kuruta (=Sk. kurutāṁ). -- 5. Fut. (none). III. Pass. 1. Ind. pres. (karīyati, etc.) kayirati; and kīrati. Ppr. (karīyamāna, kayīra°). 2. Fut. kariyissati. -- 3. Grd. karaṇīya (q. v.), (kayya) kātabba . IV. Caus. I. (DeNom. to kāra) kārayati=kāreti, in origin. meaning of build, construct, and fig. perform, exercise, rule, wield (rajja): kārehi (of huts), kārayissāmi (of doll); kāressa (do.), akārayi; akārayu; akāresi;kāretu; kārayamāna (of chair); kāretvā (nāma); karitvā(vasi);(vitti); p. 97 (uttarāsaga). V. Caus. II. Kārāpeti; Aor. kārāpesi he had (=caused to be) erected, constructed; fut. kārāpessāmi; ger. kārāpetvā; grd. kārapetabba.

Karonta,【現】正在做。

kal﹐【字根VII.】發聲(to sound),響起(to count),計算(to calculate)

Kala,【陽】甜低音。kalakala,【陽】亂雜音。

Kalati(kal, kālayati)﹐發聲(to utter an (indistinct) sound)。【過kalita

Kalatta,【中】妻子。

Kalandaka,【陽】1.松鼠(a squirrel),台語:膨鼠。2.有裝飾的布或蓆(an (ornamental) cloth or mat, spread as a seat J.VI,224.)kalandakanivāpa(kalandaka(迦蘭哆),栗鼠。Nivāpa,飼養處。)【陽】餵松鼠的地方。Veuvane Kalandakanivāpe(kalandaka松鼠+nivāpa飼養處)()竹林迦蘭哆園,又作「竹林精舍」。

Kalabha,【陽】象崽,象仔。

Kalala,【中】泥,泥沼。kalalamakkhita,【形】泥塗的,泥弄髒的。kalalarūpa,【中】歌羅羅、羯剌藍、羯羅藍。意譯為凝滑、雜穢。指初受胎後之七日間。SA.10.1./I,300.atha kho tīhi jāti-uṇṇasūhi katasuttagge saṇṭhitatelabinduppamāṇa kalala hoti.(三事(和合)生的歌羅羅,像線端上纖毛住立的油滴大小(按:受精卵大小直徑約為0.2mm))

Kalasa,【中】小水壺。

Kalaha(cp. Sk. kalaha, fr. kal發聲),【陽】吵架,爭論,動干戈(quarrel, dispute, fight)kalahakāraka,【形】吵架者。kalahakārana,【中】爭論的因素。kalahasadda,【陽】吵鬧,口角,爭論。akalaha,【陽】不吵鬧,不爭論。mahākalaha,【陽】大吵(a serious quarrel)

Kalaka,【陽】班點,標誌,缺點。

Kalā,【陰】全部的一小部分,藝術。

Kalāpa,【陽】色聚(a group of qualities, 一組色法的基本粒子,有八、九、十、十一、十二、十三個)

Kalāpaka,【陽】1.帶,束(a band, string (of pearls) Vin.II,315; Mhvs 30, 67.)2.捆,群(a bundle, group J.I,239.)

Kalāpī,【陽】1.孔雀。2.有箭袋或捆人。

Kalāya﹐【中】豌(ㄨㄢ)(a kind of pea, the chick-pea, It is larger than a kidney bean (mugga) and smaller than the kernel of the jujube (kolaṭṭhi))kalāyamatta, (ㄨㄢ)豆大小(of the size of a chick-pea)

Kali,【陽】1.擊敗。2.壞運氣。3.罪。4.憂傷。kaliggaha,【陽】投輸,敗北,惡果。kaliyuga,【中】劫滅,滅期即:永世周期中四期(成、住、壞、滅)的最後一期。

Kaligarāja, Kalirāja, 歌利王、哥利王、羯利王、迦梨王、迦陵伽王、羯陵伽王、迦藍浮王。意譯作鬥諍王、惡生王、惡世王、惡世無道王。佛陀於過去世為忍辱仙人時,此王惡逆無道,一日,率宮人出遊,遇忍辱仙人於樹下坐禪,隨侍女見之,捨歌利王而至忍辱仙人處聽法,王見之生惡心,遂割截仙人之肢體。此係菩薩忍辱行滿之著名例子。大唐西域記卷三載,北印度烏仗那國瞢揭釐城之東有大塔,即世傳忍辱仙人受苦之處。又玄應音義卷三另舉出歌利王為中印度波羅奈國國王之說。〔賢愚經卷二、六度集經卷五、出曜經卷二十三、金剛般若波羅蜜經、大智度論卷十四〕(《佛光大辭典》p.5820)cf. CpA.CS:pg.39.

Kaligara,【陽】【中】木頭,槁,朽木,穀殼。S.20.8./II,268.Kaligarūpadhānā, bhikkhave, etarahi bhikkhū viharanti appamattā ātāpino padhānasmi. Tesa Māro pāpimā na labhati otāra na labhati ārammaa.(諸比丘!今諸比丘以槁為枕,不放逸、熱心、專心而住。因此,魔波旬不得侵犯、不得機緣。)

Kalīra,【中】棕櫚樹莖上的軟部份。

Kalusa,【中】1.犯。2.不道德。【形】1.不純的。2.骯髒的。

Kalebara(=Kalevara, Kaevara),【中】1.身體(the body)2.( a dead body, corpse, carcass)

Kalyāṇa,【形】1.迷人的。2.道德上好的。【中】仁慈,功績,德行,福利。kalyāṇakāma,【形】很好的需要。kalyāṇakārī,【形】做好事的人,有品德的。kalyāṇadassana,【形】英俊的,可愛的。kalyāṇadhamma,【形】有品德的。【陽】良法,妙法,好行爲,好教義。kalyāṇapaibhāṇa,【形】急智。kalyāṇamitta,【陽】良友(good reputation of a man),好朋友,誠實的朋友。kalyāṇajjhāsaya,【形】有善行的意圖。

Kalyāṇatā,【陰】仁慈,美人。

Kalyāṇī,【陰】1.美女。2.在錫蘭的一條河名和一個城名。

Kalla1 & Kalya,【形】1.健康的,健全的(well, healthy, sound)2.聰明的,能幹的(clever, able, dexterous)3.預備好的(ready, prepared)4.適當的(fit, proper, right)。【中】預備好,適當。kallatā,【陰】能力,準備就緒。kallasarīra,【形】有健全的身體(【反】akallasarīra)kalla nu,適當嗎( [kho] is it proper?)akalla﹐【反】不適當的(not well, unfit)pattakalla, 【中】達成預備好的,時到kallakusala, 很熟練(of sound skill (cp. kallita)kallacitta, 心理預備好(of ready, amenable mindkallacittatā, 心理預備好(the preparedness of the mind (to receive the truth) J.II.12 (cp citta-kalyatā)) kallarūpa, 美麗的外表(of beautiful appearance)

Kalla2,【陽】【中】灰(ashes J.III.94 (for kalala))kallavassa, 灰雨(a shower of ashes J.IV.389.)

Kallahāra,【中】白蓮花。

Kallola,【陽】巨浪。

Kaopī (=khaopi) ,【陰】1. (a vessel, basin, pot)2. (a basket, crate (=pacchi ThA.219; J.V.252) kaopīmukha, (the brim of a pan or cooking vessel); kaopīhattha, (with a vessel or basket in his hand)

Kavaca,【陽】盔甲,甲胄。

Kavandha, kabandha,【陽】無頭的身體(blemmyes),無頭鬼(斷人頭之果報。cf. S.19.16.Sīsachinnocoraghātako劊子手(魁膾)Pārā.III,107.(Rājagahe Hāriko nāma coraghātako王舍城之哈利迦--殺賊者)) Sp.Pari.VII,1391.(CS:Pari.pg.237)“asīsaka kabandha, yassa ure akkhīni ceva mukhañca hotī”ti.(無頭之無頭鬼,眼睛和嘴長在他的胸部。)

Kavāṭa,【陽】【中】窗戶,門的百葉窗。

Kavi,【陽】詩人。kavitā,【陰】kavitta,【中】詩人的身份

Kaviṭṭha (=kapiṭṭha),【陽】木蘋果樹(elephant-apple treeFeronia elephantum東南亞薈香科的一種小喬木,生産一種堅硬、沉重而經久的、帶黃色的木材,酸果實作爲食物,並和葉一起作爲民間藥)

kas(kṛṣ)﹐【字根I.】耕種(to plough)

Kasaa,【陽】拒絕,渣滓,辛辣的味道。【形】污穢的,無價值的。

Kasati (kas+a), 耕種。kasi,【過】。kasita, kaṭṭha,【過】。kasitvāna,【現】。S.22.102./III,155.kassako mahānagalena kasanto sabbāni mūlasantānakāni sampadālento kasati (農夫執大犁而耕,耕斷一切生長之根)

Kasana,【中】耕作。Kasanta, kasamāna,【現】正在耕種。

Kasambu,【陽】污物,垃圾(anything worthless, rubbish, filth, impurity)

Kasambujāta,【形】不純的,敗類的(one whose nature is impurity)

Kasā(Vedic kaśā),【陰】鞭(a whip)kasāhata,【形】被鞭打。

Kasāya,【中】煮出的汁,蒸餾。

Kasāva,【陽】【中】1.()2.橘色的布。【形】橘色。

Kasi,【陰】耕耘,耕作。kasikamma,【中】農業,務農,飼養。kasibhaṇḍa,【中】農具。

Kasia ( Ksna),【形】全部,整個的(entirely or whole)。【中】(修禪的取相)kasiaparikamma,【中】修禪的初步工作。kasiamaṇḍala,【中】修遍禪的圓碟。dasa kasiṇāyatanāni,十遍處(十一切處)

Kasitaṭṭhāna,【中】耕了的地。

Kasitvā,【獨】耕種了。

Kasira,【形】悲慘的,困難的。【中】悲慘,麻煩,困難。kasirena,【副】困難地,吃力地。

Kasmīra,【陽】迦濕彌羅,北印度的一個國名。

Kassaka(<kasati),【陽】農夫、農民、耕者、田夫(a husbandman, cultivator, peasant, farmer, ploughman)。台語:做穡人co3 sit lang5

Kassci(kassa+ci)﹐某人的(of someone)

Kassati (kass(kṛṣ)+a), 拖拉。kassi,【過】。參考 kaḍḍhati 拖拉

Kahaṁ(Vedic kuha),【副】哪裡?( where? whither?)

Kahāpaa,【陽】【中】迦哈缽拿(硬幣,大約值12 pence(便士)的英國舊幣。1971未進行幣值十進位之前,一英鎊等於20先令,而1先令又等於12便。換言之,一英鎊等於240便士。)kahāpaaka,【中】錢刑,以切小肉塊的方式來拷問。《普端嚴》(Sp.Pārā.III,689.)kahāpaoti sovaṇṇamayo vā rūpiyamayo vā pākatiko vā.(貨幣︰金製的、銀製的、天然的)

kā﹐【字根III.】發音(to sound)

Kāka,【陽】烏鴉(“烏鴉反哺是指寒鴉’(jackdaw),不過牠也有偷竊的壞行為)kākapāda, 烏鴉的腳,十字標誌。kākapeyya,【形】滿至河岸(烏鴉能輕易地飲到河水)kākavaṇṇa,【形】烏鴉的顔色(即:黑色),錫蘭的一位國王名字。kākasadiso, 形同烏鴉(按︰烏鴉有偷盜行為)

Kākacchati (kas+cha, ka 重疊,而 s 被改成 c,首個 ka 的母音被長化 ), 打鼾。kākacchi,【過】。kākacchamāna,【現】。

Kākaikā,【陰】非常低值的硬幣(如:farthing英國古便士)

Kākasūra,【形】似烏鴉一般的聰明,不知羞恥的人。

Kākassara,【形】聲如鴉音。

Kākī,【陰】雌烏鴉。

Kākola,【陽】渡鴉(raven一種大的亮黑色的鳥(Corvus corax),體型比普通烏鴉大,是雜食性,它的行爲顯著聰明和有害,喉部有窄和變尖的羽毛。分佈於北半球北部,但現在於美國東部大部分已滅絕)

Kāca,【陽】玻璃,水晶。眼睛的白內障。kācatumba,【陽】玻璃瓶。kācamai,【陽】水晶。kācamaya,【形】玻璃製的。nīlakācamai,【陽】藍寶石。

Kāja,【陽】扁擔。kājahāraka,【陽】挑擔者。

Kāṭa,【陽】男人性器官。

Kāṇa(cp. Sk. kāṇa),【形】瞎(一隻眼睛)。【陽】單眼的人(blind, usually of one eye, occasionally of both)kāṇakacchapa,盲龜(the blind turtle)

Kātabba,【現】應該被做。【中】責任。

Kātara,【形】吝嗇的,卑鄙的,悲慘的。

Kātave, kātu,【不】要去做。

Kātukāma,【形】想做。kātukāmatā, kātukamyatā,【陰】想要去做或運行。

Kādamba,【陽】一種灰翅膀的鵝。

Kānana,【中】森林,小樹林。

Kānāmā f. of konāma, 他叫做什麼?(of what name? what is her (or your) name? Vin.II,272, 273; J.VI.338.)

Kāpilavatthava,【形】迦毘羅衛城 (Kapilavatthu) 的。

Kāpurisa,【陽】可憐的人,可鄙的人。

Kāpotaka,【形】淡白色的。kāpotikā,【陰】一種(微紅色的)酒。

kām(kam)﹐【字根VII.】渴望、想要(to desire)

Kāma(cp. Vedic kāma),【陽】【中】貪欲(性愛),想要(不一定是貪),快樂,樂趣,官能享樂的對象kāmagiddha, 貪欲,貪婪於官能享受。kāmagua,【陽】情欲,官能上的享受。kāmagedha,【陽】執情,執著於官能享受。kāmacchanda,【陽】激情,官能享受的刺激。kāmatahā,【陰】戀情,對官能享受之渴望。kāmada, kāmadada,【形】情施,給予的都是很想要的東西。kāmadhātu 【陰】情欲世界。kāmapaka,【陽】貪欲的泥沼。kāmapariḷāha,【陽】灼熱的情感。kāmapakabhava,【陽】欲界。kāmabhogī,【形】享受的財物(A.4.15./II,17.曼陀多王(rājā Mandhātā)是最享受欲者)kāmamucchā,【陰】官能上的麻木。kāmarati,【陰】好色,情癡,多情的享樂。kāmarāga,【陽】激情。kāmaloka,【陽】情欲世界。kāmavitakka,【陽】欲尋,情欲的思緒。kāmasakappa,【陽】情欲的抱負。kāmasaññojana,【中】情欲的妨害。kāmasukha,【中】情欲的快樂。kāmasevanā,【陰】(沉溺於)行房。M.22./I,130.(蛇喻經)Appassādā kāmā vuttā Bhagavatā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo.(世尊說欲(kāmā)是樂少,苦多、惱多,此處災患更倍增),說喻作:1.骸骨(aṭṭhikakala骷髏,現外形,如露白骨;或如狗啃骨,不能療饑)2.肉臠(masapesi﹐臠ㄌㄨㄢˊ肉片、肉段。眾鳥競逐)3.乾草炬(tiukkā草火把,如向風執炬逆走,若不放捨,必為所燒)4.炭窩(agārakāsu火坑,若墮火坑,必死無疑,設不死者,定受極苦)5.(supinaka醒時全空);借用物(yācitaka債主終必索還)6.樹果(rukkhaphala於樹下若不躲避,終必被鋸之樹所傷)7.屠宰場(asisūna必招宰殺)8.長矛(sattisūla有被傷害的危險)。又參見《中阿含》200經》阿黎吒經》(T1.763)、《中阿含》202經》持齋經》T1.774~775)、《別譯雜阿含185經》(T2.440)

Kāmatā,【陰】渴望,志願。

Kāmadhātu,【陰】情欲世界。Vbh.363.Tattha katamā kāmadhātu?  Kāmavitakko kāmadhātu. Byāpādavitakko byāpādadhātu.  Vihisāvitakko vihisādhātu.(什麼叫做慾界慾界的慾尋;逆向()界的界的慾尋。害界的害尋)

Kāmī,【形】是情欲的對象的人。(在【合】中)

Kāmuka,【形】好色的,淫蕩的。

Kāmacchanda,【陽】激情,官能享受的刺激。Dhs.(PTS:1153CS:1159.) Tattha katama kāmacchandanīvaraa? Yo kāmesu 1kāmacchando 2kāmarāgo 3kāmanandī 4kāmatahā 5kāmasineho 6kāmapariḷāho 7kāmamucchā 8kāmajjhosāna--ida vuccati kāmacchandanīvaraa. (什麼是慾欲蓋?凡是於慾,1慾欲、2慾染、3慾喜、4貪、5慾愛6慾熱78慾黏,這稱為慾欲蓋。)

Kāmesumicchācārā(=kāmesu micchā carati), 邪淫(邪婬)SA.14.25./II,145.(=MA.9./I,199.)Kāmesumicchācāroti ettha pana kāmesūti methunasamācāresu.  Micchācāroti ekantanindito lāmakācāro. Lakkhaato pana asaddhammādhippāyena kāyadvārappavattā agamanīyaṭṭhānavītikkamacetanā kāmesumicchācāro.(於欲邪行:此處於欲指淫行。邪行極度受責備的低劣的行為。從形相上,非法的欲求,轉起身門,要經過不正確的尋思,在欲上邪行。) 長部戒蘊品新抄(D2.pg.1.334.)Ye paneke vadanti “cattāro kāmesu micchācārā akālo, adeso, anago, adhammo cā”ti.(有此說法︰「四種邪淫︰(1)非時、(2)非處(如寺中、塔內等)(3)()(指口及肛門)(4)非法(=agamanīyaṭṭhāna不可行淫的對象)。」)《說一切有部俱舍論》卷第十六(T29.87.1)︰「論曰︰總有四種行不應行,皆得名為欲邪行罪。一於非境行不應行,謂行於他所攝妻妾或母或父或父母親乃至或王所守護境。二於非道行不應行,謂於自妻口及餘道。三於非處行不應行,謂於寺中制多迥處。四於非時行不應行,非時者何?謂懷胎時,飲兒乳時,受齋戒時,設自妻妾亦犯邪行。有說︰若夫許受齋戒,而有所犯方謂非時。」

Kāmeti (kam+e), 渴望需要。kāmesi,【過】。kāmita,【過】。

Kāmetabba,【義】令人想要的。

Kāya(Sk. kāyader. probably fr. ci, cinoti to heap up, cp. nikāya heaping up, accumulation or collection),【陽】1.堆,聚集,身體(group, heap, collection, aggregate, body)2.心所(《分別論》#587.Tattha katamo kāyo?  Saññākkhandho, sakhārakkhandho, viññāṇakkhandho--aya vuccati “kāyo”.(此中,什麼是呢?想蘊、行蘊、識蘊,稱為)kāyakamma,【中】身業,身體的行動。kāyakammaññatā,【陰】身適業性。kāyagata,【形】與身體有關。kāyagantha,【陽】身體的束縛。kāyagutta,【形】保衛自己的身體,平穩的身體行動。kāyaḍāha,【陽】發燒,()炎症。kāyadaratha,【陽】身體的苦惱。kāyaduccarita,【中】惡身行,壞行爲。kāyadvāra,【中】(三門中之)身門。kāyadhātu,【陰】(十八界中之)身界。kāyappakopa,【陽】不當舉止。kāyappacālaka,【副】搖擺身體地。kāyapaibaddha,【形】以身體連接的。kāyapayoga,【陽】借助於身體,靠身體。kāyaparihārika,【形】看護著身體。kāyappasāda,【陽】觸覺感。kāyapassaddhi,【陰】身輕安,感覺的安詳。kāyapāgabbhiya,【中】無禮。kāyabandhana,【中】腰帶。kāyabala,【中】體力。kāyamudutā,【陰】身柔軟性。kāyalahutā,【陰】身輕快性。kāyavaka,【陽】不老實的行動。kāyavikāra,【陽】姿態。kāyaviññatti,【陰】以身暗示,使用示意動作。kāyaviññāna,【中】身識,經由觸覺的意識。kāyaviññeyya,【形】以觸覺去識知。kāyaviveka,【陽】身離,身體的隔離。kāyaveyyāvacca,【中】僕人的責任。kāyasasagga,【陽】身體的接觸。kāyasakkhī,【形】(經過身體)他體悟最終的真理。kāyasakhāra,【陽】身行。kāyasamācāra,【陽】正身行,正確的行爲。kāyasamudaya(=kāyassa samudaya),【陽】身集。kāyasamphassa,【陽】身觸,觸覺感。kāyasucarita,【中】善身行,好行爲。kāyasoceyya,【中】身淨,身體的純淨。kāyasukha﹐身樂。(Kāyasukhanti pañcadvārikasukha.身樂:五門之樂。MA.149.)) Cetosukha﹐心樂。 (Cetosukhanti manodvārikasukha.心樂:意門之樂。MA.149.) Vism.427.Kāyassa bhedāti upādiṇṇakkhandhapariccāgā.(身壞:是捨去有執受(有情)的五蘊。)

Kāyagatāsati, 1.身念處(廣義,如︰M.119.ye gehasitā sarasakappā te pahīyanti Tesa pahānā ajjhattameva citta santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati. Eva, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāyagatāsati bhāveti.凡令斷此等世俗之念、思惟,為斷此等,於內心安立、安定、專一於等定。諸比丘!如是為比丘修身行之念。)(M.119./III,97~99.勤修身至念(身念住),可期待十功德。(《中阿含經》T1.557.2-3說修習念身有十八德,內容雷同)2.隨念三十二種身體的成分(狹義)

Kāyabhāvanānuyogamanuyutta (kāya+bhāvanā修習+anuyoga練習【陽】+m+anuyutta已隨從【過)﹐【過】具足於身修習之行。

Kāyakammaññatā【陰】心所適業性(堪能)去除心所(cetasika)的不適業性(akammaññabhāva)

Kāyamudutā【陰】心所柔軟性去除心所(cetasika)的僵硬性(thambha)

Kāyapaguññatā【陰】心所練達性,使心所(cetasika)健全。

Kāyapassaddhi【陰】心所輕安,平靜心所(cetasika)的不安(daratha)

Kāyalahutā【陰】心輕快性,去除心所(cetasika)的沉重(garubhāva)

Kāyasakhāra,【陽】身行。MA.43./II,351.Kāyasakhārāti assāsapassāsa(身行︰入息與出息。)DA.18./II,644.Kāyasakhārā hi catutthajjhānena pahīyanti, vacīsakhārā dutiyajjhānena, cittasakhārā nirodhasamāpattiyā.(身行確定在第四禪時斷;語行在第二禪時斷;心行在滅盡定時斷。)

Kāyika (kāya+ika),【形】(關聯到)身體的,由身體引起的。kāyikadukkha,【中】身苦,身體的痛苦。

Kāyujjukatā,【陰】身正直,身體的筆直。

Kāyūpaga,【形】執著身體的,去轉生。

Kāyūra,【中】穿在上臂的手鐲。

Kāra,【陽】行爲,服務,尊崇的行爲。【形】(在【合】中,如 rathakāra) 製造者。

-kāra﹐作。

Kāraka,【陽】作者,行爲者,作事者。【中】(在語法中的)句法。【陰】kārikādukkara-kārikā,作難作的事(“doing of a hard task,” exertion, austerity)

Kāraa,【中】理由(原因),因素。kāraṇā,【離】經由,通過,由。ki kāraṇā = 爲什麽?

Kāraṇā,【陰】拷問,體罰。kāraika,【陽】體罰者。

Kārā,【陰】kārāghara,【中】監獄,監牢。

Kārāpaka,【陽】計劃者,謀士,發令的人。kārāpikā,【陰】。

Kārāpana,【中】令做,命令。

Kārāpeti (karoti 的【使】),被做。kārāpesi,【過】。kārāpita,【過】。kārāpetvā,【獨】。

Kārābhedaka,【形】逃獄者。

Kārikā,【陰】注釋。

Kāriy【形、中】責任,行動,應該被做的。

Kārī,【陽】行爲者。(通常在【合】中,如 sātāccakārī)

Kāruñña,【中】同情。

Kāruika,【形】憐憫。

Kāreti (karoti 的【使】), 使做,使建立,使構造。kāresi,【過】。kāretvā,【獨】。kārenta,【現】。kārita,【過】。kāreyya,【使】。

Kāla1,【陽】暗(dark),黑(black)kāḷasāma,【陽】黑褐色(dark blue [?])

Kāla2,【陽】時間。kālass’eva, 早的。kālena, 在適當的時間,在正確的片刻。kālena kāla, 在適當的時候(Kālena kālanti samaye samaye)kāla karoti, 時至、作時()kālakata(kāla+kata已作),【過】作古。kālakiriyā,【陰】死期到(直譯:時間用完)kālakaṇṇī,【陽】不幸的人,可憐的人。kālapavedana,【中】時間的公告。kālavādī,【形】在適當的時間說。pacchime kāle﹐最後時刻(臨終)

各種時間:cittakkhaa﹐【陽】心識剎那(心識生uppāda、住hiti、滅bhaga的時間)accharākkhaaaccharāsaghāta,【陽】一彈指的時間(有數十億個心識剎那(SA.12.61./II,99.Ekasmiñhi accharākkhae anekāni cittakoisatasahassāni uppajjanti.)ekaminitakāla﹐一分鐘(現代巴利文)ekaghaikādikāla﹐一小時(現代巴利文)pubbahasamaya,上午(610)majjhantikasamaya,中午(上午10點至下午2)sāyahasamaya「黃昏」(下午2 6點,漢譯往往作「晡時」(下午35,申時))diva﹐一日。rattindiva﹐一日一夜(24 hrs.)gandhohanagandhohanamatta (gandha-ūhanamatta)﹐一陣香通過的時間,或搆牛乳頃(gandhohanamatta擠牛奶的時間,5~10分鐘)yadantara ekapiṇḍapāta bhuñjāmi﹐吃一缽食之間(20~30分鐘)。婆羅門須4a.m.(梵天須臾Brahma muhurta)起床,實施拜火(aupasanaworship of fire)、火祭(agnihotrahealing-fire藉著火來淨化大氣)Brahmayajna等。他們作上供(pūja)和午供(madhyahnikathe midday vandana)sangava time (forenoon, 8:24a.m.to 10:48a.m.)

《翻譯名義集》〈時分篇第二十四〉:「西域記云:時極短者,謂剎那(kana, kaa)也。百二十剎那,為一呾剎那(tat-kaa)。六十呾剎那,為一臘縛(lava)。三十臘縛,為一牟呼栗多(muhurta須臾)。五十牟呼栗多,為一時。六時合成一日一夜。」(T54.1092.2)

Kālaññū,【形】知時的人,知曉適當時間的人。

Kālantara,【中】間隔,時期。

Kālānusāri﹐黑栴香。ye keci mūlagandhā, kālānusāri tesa aggamakkhāyati(一切根香中、黑栴香為其最上)

Kālika,【形】當時的。【反】akālika, 即時的。

Kāliga,【陽】迦陵伽(在東印度一個國名)

Kālāma﹐【陽】迦摩羅人。A.3.65.佛陀在迦摩羅人住的Kesamutta村開示有名的羈舍子經(Kesamuttisuttaṁ),在本經世尊說十項不可隨便相信的守則。A.3.65./I,189.‘etha tumhe, Kālāmā! (1)Mā anussavena, (2)mā paramparāya, (3)mā itikirāya, (4)mā piakasampadānena, (5)mā takkahetu, (6)mā nayahetu, (7)mā ākāraparivitakkena, (8)mā diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā, (9)mā bhabbarūpatāya, (10)mā samao no garūti. (1)不要因聽聞(就相信)( mā +anussavenaanu隨著+su(śru)聽;report)(2)不要因習俗傳統(就相信)( mā +paraparāyapara越、後+para越、後+yalineage of teaching)(3)不要因流傳的消息(就相信)( mā +itikirāyaiti如此+kirā傳說+yahearsay)(4)不要因宗教經典(就相信)( mā +piakasampadānenapiaka經典+sampadāna轉移;collection of scriptures)(5)不要因合乎邏輯(就相信)( mā +takkahetutakka思索+hetu因;logical reasoning)(6)不要因合乎推理(就相信)( mā +nayahetunayahetuinferential reasoning)(7)不要因外表的觀察(就相信) (mā +ākāra-parivittakenaākāra外表+pari遍+vitakka思索;reflection on reasons)(8)不要因深思熟慮(就相信)( mā +diṭṭhiijjhānakkhantiyā見審諦忍﹐diṭṭhi見解+nijjhāna審察+kkhanti接受;acceptance of a view after pondering it)──Mā diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyāti amhāka nijjhāyitvā khamitvā gahitadiṭṭhiyā saddhi sametītipi mā gahittha.(不要採取:「(這是)我們在審思、忍可後而來所執取的見解。」)(9)不要因有可能(就相信)( mā +bhabba可能+rūpatā行相yaplausibility似真)──不要採信︰因為有可能(AAbhabbarūpatāyāti aya bhikkhu bhabbarūpo, imassa katha gahetu yuttantipi mā gahittha.(不要採取:「這位比丘的相貌莊嚴(bhabbarūpo),這種論説是適宜採信的。」--此說有誤解,bhabbabhadda(威嚴的)可能雷同而混淆。)(10)不要因沙門是我們的導師(就相信)( mā samao no garūthe ascetic is our teacher) ──Mā samao no garūti aya samao amhāka garu, imassa katha gahetu yuttantipi mā gahittha. (不要採取:「這位沙門是我們的老師,這種論説是適宜採信的。」)Soma Thera’s translation(1)don’t go by reports, (2)by legends, (3)by traditions, (4)by scripture, (5)by logical conjecture, (6)by inference, (7)by analogies, (8)by agreement through pondering views, (9)by probability, or (10)by the thought, ‘This contemplative is our teacher.’  Thanissaro Bhikkhu’s translation(1)Do not go upon what has been acquired by repeated hearing; (2)nor upon tradition; (3)nor upon rumor; (4)nor upon what is in a scripture; (5)nor upon surmise; (6)nor upon an axiom; (7)nor upon specious reasoning; (8)nor upon a bias towards a notion that has been pondered over; (9)nor upon another’s seeming ability; (10)nor upon the consideration, ‘The monk is our teacher.’若遵守這十項原則就可以排除世間一些非法、非律的成份。另外,佛陀也說「法」若引生貪、瞋、癡則是無利益與苦法;若能助益離貪、瞋、癡則是有利益與樂法。佛陀也開示了惡有惡報,善有善報之理,以幫助辨識正法。

Kālīya,【中】一種(有光澤的)沉香木(gallochum)

Kālusiya,【中】污垢,陰暗。

Kāḷa,【形】黑,暗。【陽】黑色。kāḷakūṭa,【陽】喜馬拉雅山的一座山名kāḷakesa,【形】黑頭髮的(即:年輕的)kāḷatipu,【中】石墨。kāḷapakkha,【陽】黑半月份(陰曆十六至廿九或卅日)kāḷaloa,【中】黑鹽。kāḷasīha,【陽】一種獅子。kāḷasutta,【中】墨線(木匠的墨斗中拉出的墨線)黑繩地獄,八大地獄之一kāḷahasa, 黑天鵝。

Kāḷaka,【形】黑色。【中】黑點,污點,谷粒中的黑米。kāḷakadhamma(=kahadhamma)﹐黑法。

Kāḷāyasa,【中】()鐵。

Kāḷāvaka,【陽】一種象。

Kāḷīya, 一種(有光澤的)沉香木(gallochum)。參考 kālīya

Kāveyya,【中】詩。A.4.230./II,230.Kāveyyanti “cattārome, bhikkhave, kavī. Katame cattāro? Cintākavi, sutakavi, atthakavi, paibhānakavī”ti (諸比丘!此等是四類之詩人。哪四種?思詩人、聞詩人、義詩人、辯詩人。諸比丘!此等是四類之詩人。)

kās﹐【字根I.1.發光(to shine)2.(=kās)咳嗽(to cough)

Kāsa,【陽】1.蘆葦(reed﹐台語:菅芒kuann bang)2.咳,喘息。

Kāsāya, kasāva,【中】黃袈裟。【形】染以橘色的。《大比丘三千威儀》卷上(T24.925.3-926.1)︰「薩和多部者,博通敏智導利法化,應著絳袈裟。曇無德部者,奉執重戒斷當法律,應著皂袈裟。迦葉維部者,精勤勇決拯護眾生,應著木蘭袈裟。彌沙塞部,禪思入微究暢玄幽,應著青袈裟。摩訶僧部者,勤學眾經敷演義理,應著黃袈裟。」

Kāsi (Kāśi光的城市),【陽】迦尸(國名,迦尸國為佛世時印度十六大國之一。位於憍薩羅國之北,其都城婆羅木奈(Bārāṇasī)即今之瓦拉那西市(Varanasi),係佛教與婆羅門教之聖地)kāsika,【形】迦尸的,迦尸製造的。

Kāsu,【陰】坑。

ki(krī)﹐【字根V.】忙碌(to buy)

Ki,【關代、疑代】什麽? (【陽】ko = ? 【陰】kā = (女性)? 【中】ka = 什麽(東西)?)kikāraṇā,【副】什麽理由? kivādī,【形】執什麽主義?  kiñ cana任何(..主格, )ki puna(ki puna)﹐何況?  kiattha?(kiartham?)何因緣? ki kāraa?(ki kāraa?)何因?

Kisuka(kiṁ+su+ka, lit.“whatever-like,” or “what do you call it,”),【陽】甄叔迦花,緊叔迦花,膠蟲樹(Butea FrondosaFlame-of-the-forest(不是火燄木),原產於熱帶亞洲,蝶形花科;型態:株高可達815公尺,幹易彎曲,葉全緣,葉正面平滑,背面被毛茸,厚紙質,有羽狀側脈6對,葉正面濃綠色,背面淺綠,有拖葉。用途:為優良之園景樹、行道樹。東印度産的一種喬木,佛經稱此樹「葉青色,花三色」,意指日出之前,花黑色;日照之時,花赤色;日沒之時,花黃色。在印度、斯里蘭卡被視為神聖的宗教植物。Santals人並使用其雄花灰燼為避孕藥,但俾爾族人(Bhil,東印度西部及中印度善射之原始民族)卻將樹心搗成泥做為墮胎藥。Santals人使用膠蟲樹(Butea monosperma)種子磨粉敷療傷處。),古譯作:緊獸(S IV.193.)

Kikī,【陽】藍松鴉(blue jay)。【陰】雌藍松鴉。

Kikara,【陽】僕人,隨從。

Kikiṇī,【陰】發叮噹聲的鈴。

Kikiikajāla,【中】發叮噹聲鈴的網。

Kicca,【中】責任,工作,服務,應該被做。kiccakārī,【形】做自己的責任。DhsA.p.63.Kicca vā sampatti vā raso nāma.(作()或達成,稱為作用。)

Kiccākicca,【中】應該被做的和不應該被做的。

Kiccha,【形】困難的,痛苦的。【中】苦惱,困難。

Kicchati (kit+cha), 麻煩,疲倦。kicchi,【過】。

kiñc﹐【字根I.】阻礙(to hinder)

Kiñca (ki什麽?+ca)﹐什麽?

Kiñcana,【中】某事,瑣事,世間的執著,麻煩。

Kiñcāpi (kiñci+api),【無】無論什麽,不管多少,但是。

Kiñci (kin+cid, ki+ci),【無】某(somesomething)

Kicikkha,【中】小事。

Kiñjakkha,【中】細絲,花粉。

Kiaka, 可疑的(doubtful)PvA 44kiakasadisāni lohapaṭṭasadisāni bhavanti, (女鬼穿上新的、柔軟的美服,)美服變成銅板(they become like (hot) copper plates.)

Kiṭṭha(cp. Sk. kṛṣṭa kṛṣ),【中】種玉黍蜀,玉黍蜀田。kiṭṭhāda,【形】吃玉黍蜀。kiṭṭhasambādha-samaya,【陽】收穫期,當玉黍蜀成長時。

Kiakiṇāyati(=kikiṇāyati, denom. fr. kikii, small bell) 使發叮噹聲(to tinkle; also spelt kiikiṇāyati J III.315. See also kilikilāyati and cp. Sk. kiikiṭāyati to grind (one’s teeth) & Prk. kiikiiya (chattering) Weber, Bhagavatī p. 289; also BSk. kaakaṭāyati Tal. Vist. 251. See taataayati & note on gala.)

Kianta, (Kiṇāti的【現)正在

Kiṇāti (ki+ṇā)(krī Vedic kriṇāti), (to buy)kii,【過】。kiitvā, kītvā,【獨】。ketu, kiitu,【不】。pot. kie

Kiṇṇa, (kirati 的【過), 已散佈。【中】酵母,發酵粉。

Kita1(pp. of kar(k)),【過】已裝飾(adorned: mālākita adorned with garlands)

Kita2【中】混合泥土(soiled, kaṇṇakita, said of a wall, also of the ground; and pasukita, soiled with dust)

Kitava,【陽】欺騙。

kitt﹐【字根VII.】詳細說明(to expound)

Kittaka,【疑代】多少?到什麽程度?

Kittana,【中】稱讚,詳細說明。

Kittāvatā,【副】多遠?從哪方面來看?什麼樣的範圍?

Kitti,【陰】名望,名聲。kittighosa, kittisadda,【陽】名譽。kittimantu,【形】出名的。

Kittima,【形】人造的。

Kitteti (kitt +efr. kitti), 1.稱讚,頌(to praise, extol)2.講,宣佈(to proclaim, announce, relate, tell)kittesi, akittayi,【過】。kittita,【過】。kittenta,【現】。kittanīya, kittetabba,【義】。fut. kittayissati in sense of aor. Vv 345 (=katheti VvA.151). kittayissāmi I shall relate Sn.1053, 1132.nimittā kittetabbā(Sp.Mv.V,1049.), 唱界相。

Kinnara ( Kinara),【陽】人頭鳥,緊那羅(居在森林的一個民族的名字)又作緊捺洛、緊拏羅、緊擔路、甄陀羅、真陀羅。或稱歌神、歌樂神、音樂天。kim 為疑問詞,nara 為人之意;意譯作疑神、疑人、人非人kinnarī,【陰】緊那羅女。

Kipillikā(cp.pipīlikā),【陰】。kipillika【中】,螞蟻(台語:蚼蟻kau hia)

Kibbisa,【中】罪過,罪行。kibbisakārī,【陽】罪犯。

Kimi,【陽】蟲,蛆蟲,害蟲。kimikula,【中】一堆蟲,一種蟲。

Kimakkhāyī,【形】講什麽道?

Kimattha,【副】爲什麽意圖?kimatthiya,【形】有什麽打算,意味著什麽。

Kimpakka, kimphala,【中】海芒果(一種形似芒果的毒水果 (Cerbera odollam),其毒用來撲魚或毒死老鼠)

Kimpurisa, 人頭鳥,緊那羅(居在森林的一個民族)參考 kinnara

Kira,【無】真的,真實地。kirekassa, 真的一個的。

Kiraa,【陽】【中】光線,光輝,燦爛。

Kirati (kir+a), 散佈。kiri,【過】。kiṇṇa,【過】。

Kirāta,【陽】在叢林中居住一種人。

Kiriyati (Pass. of kirati or karoti) 被行動(to be affected or moved)

Kiriya, Kriya【中】Kriyā, Kiriyā(abstr. fr. karoti),【陰】行動,行爲,表現,唯作(古譯:「勝義善」,阿羅漢的不造作善惡之心)(action, performance, deed; the doing=fulfilment)kiriyavāda,【陽】信念行動是有結果的。kiriyavādī,【陽】傳播。kiriyavāda﹐【陽】主義者。kiriyakiriyā the non-performance of, omission, abstaining from (akiriyā akaraa=veramaṇī)kusalakiriya performance of good actions; dānakiriya the bestowing of gifts; pāpakiriya commission of sin; puññakiriya the performance of good works ; mangalakiriya celebration of a festival ; massu-kiriyā the dressing of the beard(cp. m-karaa and kappanā); sacchikiriya realization.

Kirīṭa,【中】王冠。

Kilañjakiañja【陽】草席,用燈芯草(ㄌㄧㄣˋ)做的席子。【陰】kilañjā﹐草席。

Kilanta, (Kilamati的【過) 已疲累,已疲倦,已疲憊。

kilam﹐【字根I.】使得疲倦(to be fatigued)

Kilamati (kilam+a), 疲倦,疲勞。kilami,【過】。kilamitvā,【獨】。

Kilamatha,【陽】疲勞,疲倦。

Kilamanta, (kilamati 的【現), 正在疲倦。

Kilamita, (kilameti 的【過)

Kilamīyati (kilameti 的【被】), 已經被做到疲倦。kilamīyi,【過】。

Kilamiyamāna (Kilamīyati的【現), 正被做到疲倦。

Kilameti (kilamati 的【使】), 使疲倦。kilamesi,【過】。kilamenta,【現】。kilametvā,【獨】。

Kilāsa,【陽】癬,一種皮膚病。

Kiliṭṭha, (kilissati 的【過)

Kilinna (kilijjati 的【過), 已濕,已弄髒,已潮濕。

kilis(kliś)﹐【字根III.】被折磨(to be afflicted),被弄髒(to be soiled)

Kilissati(kilis+ya), 弄髒,沾染,污染。kilissi,【過】。kilissanta,【現】。

Kilissana,【中】骯髒,沾染。

Kilesa, Klesa(from kilissati), 陽】激情,貪欲,墮落,不純,煩惱,污染,塵勞kilesakāma,【陽】貪欲,強烈的性欲。kilesakkhaya,【陽】貪欲的毀滅,煩惱的毀滅。kilesappahāṇa,【中】斷欲,放棄對世間的激情,斷除煩惱。kilesavatthu,【中】煩惱事,世間煩惱的事物。

Kileseti (kilis+e), 使弄髒,使煩惱。kilesesi,【過】。kilesita,【過】。

Kilomaka,【中】肋膜(pleura)

Kisa,【形】貧乏的,憔悴的,衰弱的,削瘦的。

Kīṭa, kīṭaka,【陽】昆蟲,蠹(moth)

Kīta, (kiṇāti 的【過), 已買。

Kīdisa,【形】什麽類型?似什麽的?

Kīra,【陽】鸚鵡(parrot)

Kīla,【陽】(木頭或金屬的)柱,樁。

Kīḷati (kīḷ(krīḍ) +acp. Sk. krīḍā), 玩,遊戲,消遣(play, sport, enjoyment)kii,【過】。kīḷita,【過】。kīḷanta, kīḷāna,【現】。kīḷitvā,【獨】。kīḷitabba,【義】kīḷeti, kīḷayati,【義】kīḷayamāno vicaranto, 走動的玩,跳舞。

Kīḷanaka,【中】玩具。【形】玩的。

Kīḷanā, keḷī,【陰】運動,歡樂。

Kīḷā,【陰】玩,運動。kīḷāgoaka,【中】球。kīḷāpasuta, 【形】好玩。kīḷābhaṇḍaka,【中】玩具。kīḷāmaṇḍala,【中】遊戲場,運動場。

Kīḷāpanaka,【形】遊戲教練。

Kīḷāpeti, Kīḷāpayati (kīḷati 的【使】), 令玩。kīḷāpesi,【過】。kīḷāpenta,【現】。kīḷāpetvā,【獨】。

Kīḷita (kīḷati 的【過), 已玩。【中】遊戲,玩。kīḷitakīḷita, 玩耍。

Kīva,【無】多少?多久? kīvataka,【形】多少?

Kīvant & Kīva (interr. adj. and adv.) (Sk. kiyant and kīvant; formed fr. interr. stem ki),多大,多少(how great? how much? how many? and in later language how?)Kīvanto tattha bheravā, 多恐怖(“however great the terrors” Sn 959)Kīva kauka, 多痛苦(how painful? PvA 226)

Ku, 1.=ka, kā, 惡的,邪的,小。kukkucca, 惡作(錯誤作)kudiṭṭhi, kumati 惡見,邪見。kunadī, 小河。kupatha, kummagga, 邪路,邪道。2.=kuha哪裡?kuva, kuttha, kuhi在哪裡?

Kukutthaka,【陽】雉(一種鳥,形狀像雞,雄的尾巴長,羽毛很美麗,多爲赤銅色或深綠色,有光澤,雌的尾巴稍短,灰褐色;善走,不能久飛;尾巴羽毛可做裝飾品;通稱野雞,有的地區叫山雞)

Kukku,【陽】腕尺(cubit長度的度量)

Kukkucca,【中】(kud錯誤+kicca(grd.of karoti) ) 錯誤作)懊悔,躊躇,憂慮。

Kukkuccika,【形】小心謹慎的,細心的(台語:斟酌cim1 ciok4)

Kukkuccāyati (kukkucca 的【派】) 懊悔。

Kukkua,【陽】公雞。kukkua-sampātikā﹐櫛比(「公雞降落」之形容詞,是從一家之屋頂至另一家之屋頂,形容家屋密集)

Kukkuṭī,【陰】母雞。台語︰小母雞雞僆(nua5)仔。

Kukkura(原始印歐語詞根ku),【陽】狗,狗狗kukkuravatika,【形】模仿狗,狗行者(外道苦行)。模仿牛、依照牛的生活習慣來生活,佛陀警告他身壞命終即往生諸牛群中,不然就墮地獄。(M.57./I,387.)

Kukkua,【陽】熱的灰燼,熱灰地獄(一個地獄的名字)

Kukuma,【中】1.藏紅花(saffron番紅花),乾藏紅花粉(用於食品上色和調味的)金黃色,桔黃色。2.鬱金香《清淨道論》〔葉均〕(多年生草本植物,葉 闊披針形,有白粉,花通常鮮紅色,花心黑紫色,花瓣倒卵形,結蒴果;供觀賞,根和花可做鎮靜劑)

kuc (kuc / kuñc), 縮,畏怯(shrink);捲曲(curl)

Kucchi(Sk. kuki),【陽】【陰】腹或子宮,內部(a cavity, esp. the belly (Vism 101) or the womb)kucchiṭṭha,【形】安置在子宮。kucchidāha,【陽】胃發炎。

Kucchita,【過】已卑鄙,已惡劣。

Kuja,【陽】1.樹。2.火星(Mars)

Kujavāro﹐【陽】星期二(日語:火曜日kayōbi)

Kujjhati (kudh生氣+ya), 生氣(台語:起毛禾黑khi2 mo bau2、慼心cheh sim)kujjhi,【過】。kuddha,【過】。kujjhanta, kujjhamāna,【現】。

Kujjhana(<kujjhati),【中】kujjhanā,【陰】生氣(anger)激怒(irritation)

Kujjhitatta

Kujjhitvā, kujjhiya,【獨】生氣了。

Kuñcanāda,【陽】(象所發出的)尖銳的叫聲。

Kuñcikā,【陰】鑰匙。kuñcikavivara,【中】鑰匙孔。

Kuñcita (kuñcati 的【過), 已彎曲,已弄卷。

Kuñja,【中】峽谷,(兩邊有樹的)小穀。

Kujara,【陽】象。

Kua,【陽】【中】水壺。

Kuaja,【陽】一種藥草特利切里樹皮(tellicherry bark,東印度群島的幾種夾竹桃科喬木〔如:抗痢木 Wrightia zeylandica 和止瀉木 Holarrhena antidysenterica〕的苦樹皮,特用於民間醫學作爲治痢劑)

Kuṭī, kui, kuikā,【陰】小屋、寮房、僧寮、茅篷、孤邸(any single-roomed abode, a hut, cabin, cot, shed)台語:chu3厝,也可作(康熙字典︰「凡舍皆曰)kuṭīkāra﹐造小屋者。kuṭīpurisa﹐農夫( a “hut man,” a peasant)

Kuila,【形】彎曲,彎曲的(bent, crooked)kuilatā,【陰】彎曲性,不正當。akuilatā,【陰】不彎曲性。

Kuumba,【中】家庭(family property & estates)rājakuumba﹐國王的財產。

Kuumbika, kuimbika,【陽】地主,一家之主,家長(a man of property, a landlord, the head of a family,)

Kuṭṭa1(cp. koṭṭeti, ku to crush), 粉末(powder)sāsapakuṭṭa, 芥末粉(mustard powder Vin.I,205)

Kuṭṭa2 (of doubtful origin & form, cp. var. BSk. forms koṭṭa-rājā, koa° & koḍḍa°), (only found in cpds. kuṭṭadārūni sticks in a wattle & daub wall Vism.354, and in kuṭṭa-rājā subordinate prince, possibly kuḍḍakuṭṭa a wattle and daub prince S.III,156 =V.44 (v. l. kujjakuṭṭa). tirokuṭṭāti kuṭṭāna parabhāgā vuccanti.(牆外︰牆的另一面。)

Kuṭṭha1 (cp. kus; Sk. kuṣṭhā f.),【中】1.麻瘋病(leprosy),台語︰thai2 ko pinn7 (太膏病)

Kuṭṭha2, 閉鞘薑屬植物(一種芬香的植物 (Costus speciosus, J.VI.537.) 一年生草本植物,本植物原産於克什米爾,所産的芳香油用於製造香料、香囊和用於保存毛皮)

Kuṭṭhī(Kuṭṭhin),【陽】麻瘋病患者(a leper, M.I,506 (in simile))

Kuhārī(cp. Sk. kuhāra, axe),【陰】斧頭(an axe, a hatchet)S.6.9./I,149.(=S.6.10./I,152., Sn.657, A.V,174.)“Purisassa hi jātassa, kuhārī jāyate mukhe; Yāya chindati attāna, bālo dubbhāsita bhaa.(人出生時,斧在口中生,愚人說惡語,以斧斬自己。)(斧」指舌頭。) SA.6.9./I,215.kuhārīti kuhārisadisā pharusā vācā. Chindatīti kusalamūlasakhāte mūleyeva nikantati.(︰形同斧的惡切斷︰在根本上切斷善根。)

Kuumala,【陽】蓓蕾(an opening bud)

Kuuva, 穀嘟哇(穀粒或液體的衡量,4 穀嘟哇 = 1 粑鉈。參考Pattha)

Kuḍḍa(to kud to grind, cp. cuṇṇa),【中】牆壁(a wall built of wattle and daub)

Kuapa,【陽】屍體,一件可厭的東西(a corpse, carcase)kuapagandha,【陽】腐屍的味道。Vin.III,68=M.I,73=A.IV,377 (ahikuapa, kukkurakuapa, manussakuapa, pūtikuapa); A.IV,198 sq.; Sn.205; J.I.61, 146; PvA.15. Kaṇṭhe āsatto kuapo a corpse hanging round one’s neck M.I,120; J.I.5; also Vin.III,68. -- The abovementioned list of corpses (ahikuapa, etc.) is amplified at Vism.343 as follows: hatthikuapa, assakuapa, gokuapa, mahisakuapa, manussakuapa, ahikuapa, kukkurakuapa. Cp. kaebara.

Kuṇāla,【陽】印度的杜鵑鳥(布穀鳥cuckoo)

Kuṇī,【陽】跛子(deformed, paralysed (orig. bent, crooked, cp. kua) only of the arm)

Kuṇṭha(kua and kuṇḍa),【形】鈍的。1. bent, lame; blunt (of a sword) (kuṇṭhakuddāla); (of asi, opp. tikkhina); kuṇṭhatia a kind of grass Vism 3532. a cripple.

Kuṇṭheti (kuṇṭh +e), 使鈍化,使彎曲,使跛足。kuṇṭhesi,【過】。kuṇṭhita,【過】。

Kuṇḍa,【形】捲曲的(bent, crooked)

Kuṇḍaka,【中】粉,穀粒殼內的粉。kuṇḍakapūva,【陽】【中】粉糕,以這種粉所製成的糕。

Kuṇḍala(cp. kuṇḍa, orig. bending, i. e. winding),【中】耳環,捲曲物(a ring esp. earring)kuṇḍalakesa,【形】捲髮。kuṇḍalāvatta,【形】捲曲的(如發條)

Kuṇḍalī(Kuṇḍalin)(<kuṇḍala),【形】有耳環的,有捲曲物的(wearing earrings )

Kuṇḍikā, kuṇḍī,【陰】(帶柄和傾口的)大水罐,水壺。

Kutūhala,【中】刺激(tumult, excitement;)

Kutettha ( kuto從何處+attha ), 從哪裡考慮。

Kuto (ku的離格),【副】從哪裡()?從何處()?

Kutta,【中】行爲,(女子)玩弄男人,賣弄風騷,撒嬌,獻媚。

Kuttaka,【中】( 12 個女人跳舞的)大地毯。

Kuttha, kutra,【副】哪裡? 在何處?

Kuthita,【過】已沸騰,已很熱。

Kudassu,【無】幾時?

Kudācana, kudācana,【無】有時,隨時。

Kuddāla,【陽】鏟子,鋤頭。

Kuddha (kujjhati 的【過), 已生氣,已激怒。

kudh﹐【字根III.】很生氣(to get angry)

Kudrūsaka,【陽】稗子(一年生草本植物,葉子象稻,果實象黍米)

Kunta,【陽】1.節杖(sceptre lance)2.一種鳥。

Kuntanī,【陰】麻鷸(curlew)

Kuntala,【陽】頭髮。

Kuntha ( kunta),【陽】一種螞蟻,音譯:捃多kunthakipillika﹐螻蟻(kipillika【中】, kipillikā,【陰】)

Kunda,【中、形】茉莉屬植物(jasmine)

Kunnadī,【陰】小河。

Kupatha,【陽】錯誤的路徑。

kup(kup)﹐【字根III.】使激動(to be agitated),變凶猛的(to turn fierce)

Kupita, (kuppati 的【過), 已生氣,已冒犯。

Kupurisa,【陽】壞人。

Kuppa,【形】不穩定,活動的,變動的。

Kuppati (kup使激動+ya)﹐生氣,激動,改變。kuppi,【過】。kuppamāna,【現】。kuppeyya,【未被】。

Kuppana,【中】激動,忿怒,擾亂。

Kubbati = karoti

Kubbanaka,【中】小森林,矮灌木叢。

Kubbanta, kubbamāna (kubbati 的【現), 正在做,正在執行。

Kubbara,【陽】馬車的桿。

Kumati,【陰】邪見。【形】邪見者。

Kumāra, kumāraka,【陽】男孩,年青人。kumārakīḷā,【陰】男孩的娛樂。

Kumārikā, kumārī,【陰】(未婚)少女,處女。brāhmaṇakumārikā,【陰】婆羅門少女(a brahmin young girl)kumāribhūta, 少女

Kumina,【中】捕魚籠(fish-trap)

Kumuda,【中】白睡蓮。kumudaṇāla,【中】白睡蓮莖。kumudavaṇṇa,【形】白睡蓮的顔色的。

Kumbha,【陽】水壺,古譯:軍持(澡瓶)kumbhakāra,【陽】陶工。kumbhakārasālā,【陰】陶器場。kumbhadāsī,【陰】挑水的女奴。

Kumbhaka,【中】(船的)桅桿。

Kumbhaṇḍa,【陽】1.南瓜(pumpkin)2.鳩槃荼、甕形鬼、變形夜叉、瓢簞、瓶腹,噉人之精氣的鬼類,為增長天之部屬。S.19.10.(《雜阿含518經》、Vin.Pārā.III,106.)Kumbhaṇḍasutta甕形鬼(村中之騙子之報)經,說到(睪丸)如甕之人行空,他行走時須提起睪丸而行(aṇḍe khandhe āropetvā gacchati),坐時坐於睪丸上。他被禿鷹等追隨爭啄。

Kumbhī,【陰】壺。

Kumbhīla,【陽】鱷魚(crocodile)

Kumma,【陽】龜。

Kummagga,【陽】錯誤的路徑。

Kummāsa,【陽】凝乳食品(junket),粥

Kura,【中】飯。

Kuraṇḍaka,【陽】莧屬植物(幾種生長強壯的雜草植物中的任何一種;例:幾種莧屬 (Amaranthus) 植物中的任何一種〔如:反枝莧 A.retroflexus 和綠穗莧 A.hybridus〕,有時作調味植物,其種子可食,已在局部地區栽培,能産生一種重要的引起過敏症花粉熱的花粉)

Kurara,【陽】鶚鳥(osprey),背部褐色,頭、頸和腹部白色;性兇猛;在樹上或岩 石上築巢,常在水面上飛翔,吃魚類;通稱魚鷹。

Kuruga,【陽】一種羚羊(antelope)

Kurumāna (karoti 的【現), 正在做。

Kururaṭṭha,【中】俱盧 (Kuru) (在北印度)

Kurūra,【形】殘酷的,兇猛的。

Kula,【中】1.氏族,(印度的)較高的世襲階級,良家(clan, a high social grade, “good family” )2.家庭(household, in the sense of house)kulageha,【中】祖屋,父母的房子。kulatanti,【陰】家系,世代傳統。kuladūsaka,【陽】好家庭的破壞者,使家門出醜的人。kuladhītu,【陰】尊貴家庭的女兒。kulaputta,【陽】良家子弟(=族姓子。SA.6.3.Kulaputtāti ācāra-kula-puttā.(良家子弟:良好行爲的種族之子)kulavasa,【中】血統,世系,子孫。kulūpaka(kula-upaka),【形】常去俗人家裡的。Pāci.IV,312.Kula nāma cattāri kulāni-- khattiyakula, brāhmaakula, vessakula, suddakula.(俗家︰四種俗家剎帝利俗家、婆羅門眾俗家、吠舍俗家、首陀羅俗家。)

  A.6.57./III,385.“Idhānanda, ekacco nīce kule paccājāto hoti-- 1caṇḍālakule vā 2nesādakule vā 3venakule vā 4rathakārakule vā 5pukkusakule vā, dalidde appannapānabhojane kasiravuttike, yattha kasirena ghāsacchādo labbhati. So ca hoti dubbaṇṇo duddasiko okoimako bavhābādho kāṇo vā kuṇī vā khañjo vā pakkhahato vā, na lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa.”(阿難!世間有一類,生於卑賤之家(nīce kule)--1生於旃陀羅家、或2獵師家、或3竹匠家、或4車匠家、或5清潔工家庭,貧窮而缺乏飲食受用,活命困難且衣食乏少。又,他是臉醜,形醜,矮陋,病多,或眼盲、或手殘、或跛者、成半身不遂,而不得食、飲、衣、車,鬘、香、塗油,臥具、座敷、燈明。)

  A.6.57./III,386.“Idhānanda, ekacco ucce kule paccājāto hoti-- khattiyamahāsālakule vā brāhmaamahāsālakule vā gahapatimahāsālakule vā, aḍḍhe mahaddhane mahābhoge pahūtajātarūparajate pahūtavittūpakarae pahūtadhanadhaññe. So ca hoti abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato, lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa.”(阿難!世間有一類,生於尊貴之家,生於剎帝利大族之家,或婆羅門大族之家,或長者大族之家,有大財富,有大受用,有眾多之金銀,有眾多之資生具,有眾多之財穀。又,他成就最上容色的相貌非凡(abhirūpo)、眾所樂見(dassanīyo)、顏容殊妙(pāsādiko),且得食、飲、衣、車、鬘、香、塗油、臥具、座敷、燈明。)

kuladūsaka,【陽】敗壞了居士。Pārā.III,185Kuladūsakoti kulāni dūseti pupphena vā phalena vā cuṇṇena vā mattikāya vā dantakaṭṭhena vā veuyā vā vejjikāya vā jaghapesanikena vā. (敗壞居士︰藉由花﹑水果﹑化粧品﹑黏土﹑牙籤﹑竹子﹑藥或遣人辦事,而敗壞了居士)。《善見律毗婆沙》(T.24.770b)進一步解釋:命令居士種花﹑挖水池、結花鬘﹑送花或水果給居士等,這些行為對比丘而言不但是不對的,而且也會連累在家人做錯事。

Kulagāra,【陽】敗家子。

Kulattha,【陽】雙花扁豆(vetch一種纏繞草本植 (Dolichos biflorus),産於東半球熱帶,在印度栽培作飼料,其種子常用作食品)

Kulala,【陽】鷹(hawk)。台語:鶆鷂lai5 hioh8

Kulāla,【陽】陶工,製陶坯的工人。kulālacakka,【中】陶車,轆轤。

Kulāvaka,【中】巢,窩。

Kulisa,【中】雷電,釘頭錘,狼牙棒。

Kulīna,【形】有公認的氏族。

Kulīra,【陽】螃蟹(crab)kulīrapāda,【形】()腿的形狀有如螃蟹。

KulūpagaKulūpaka【形】常往來一個家庭的人。

Kulla,【陽】筏。《蛇喻經》(Alagaddūpamasuttaṁ)Evameva kho, bhikkhave, kullūpamo mayā dhammo desito nittharaatthāya, no gahaatthāya. Kullūpama vo, bhikkhave, dhamma desita, ājānantehi dhammāpi vo pahātabbā pageva adhammā.(諸比丘!同樣地,已被我說的筏喻,為渡的利益,不為握持的利益。諸比丘!你們已知筏喻,諸法也應被你們徹底捨斷,何況諸非法。」)(M.22./I,135)

Kuvalaya,【中】睡蓮(water lily)

Kuvera,【陽】俱吠羅、鳩鞞羅,統治北方的神名,夜叉王。

Kusa,【陽】很多,亞香茅(亞洲熱帶的一種草 (Cymbopogon nardus) 〔香茅屬〕,長有藍綠色、檸檬香味的葉子和香精油)、香茅草、吉祥草。台語:茅草菰hm5chau2koo1kusagga,中】香茅(鋒利如刀鋒)的葉緣。kusacīra,【中】以香茅草製成的衣服。kusapāta,【陽】香茅簽的鑄造。

Kusala,【中】善,好行動,功績,德行。【形】聰明的。kusalakamma,【中】善業,正確的行爲。kusalacetanā,【陰】善意,好的念頭,正確的意志。kusaladhamma,【陽】善法。kusalavipāka,【陽】善異熟,善報,好行動的結果。dasa kusalāni﹐十善,又作十善業道(dasa kusala-kammapathā),即身口意之十種善行。SA.46.2./III,141.kusalāti kosallasambhūtā anavajjasukhavipākā. Akusalāti akosallasambhūtā sāvajjadukkhavipākā. Sāvajjāti akusalā. Anavajjāti kusalā.(︰善生的,無罪樂果報。不善︰不善生的。有罪︰不善。無罪︰善。)

Kusalatā,【陰】聰明,靈巧,成就。

Kusinārā,【陰】拘尸那羅(馬拉 (Malla) 的主要城市)

Kusīta,【形】懶惰的。kusītā,【陰】kusītta,【中】怠惰。

Kusuma,【中】(任何一種的)花。

Kusumita,【形】在花中,()盛開的。

Kusubbha,【陽】小坑。

Kusumbha,【陽】紅花(saf-flower舊大陸的一種草本 (Carthamus tinctorius) 像一種薊,爲其油廣泛栽培,有大的鮮紅色或桔黃色頭狀花〔用於製造染料,現今主要在東方用於染絲和棉,成淺紅色〕)

Kusūla,【陽】穀倉。

kuh﹐【字根VII.】使吃驚,使驚訝(to astonish)

Kuha, kuhaka,【形】騙人的。【陽】欺騙。akuhaka,【反】無欺騙。

Kuhanā,【陰】欺騙,僞善,詭計。

Kuhara,【中】洞。

Kuhi,【副】哪裡?

Kuheti (kuh +e), 欺騙。kuhesi,【過】。

kūj﹐【字根I.】鴣鴣的叫(to coo)

Kūjati (kūj+a), 吱喳而嗚。kūji,【過】。kūjita,【過】。

Kūjana,【中】吱喳聲,車轢聲。【反】akūjana

Kūjanta, kūjamāna,【現】吟唱,正在吱喳而嗚。

Kūjita,【中】鳥的歌唱。【過】已以鳥的歌唱嗚響。

Kūṭa1,【形】陷阱,奸詐的,欺詐的(a trap, a snare; fig. falsehood, deceit)kūṭagoa,【陽】未馴服的公牛。kūṭaṭṭa,【中】不老實的訴訟。kūṭaṭṭakāraka,【陽】不老實的起訴者。kūṭajaila,【陽】虛僞的苦行者。kūṭavāṇija,【陽】奸商。

Kūṭa2,【陽】【中】1.突起,頂端(prominence, top (cp. koi), in abbhakūṭa,雲端ridge of the cloud; asakūṭa,肩膀shoulder, 鎖骨claviclepabbatakūṭa, 山頂mountain peak. Cp. koa.)(b)脊,樑(he top of a house, roof, pinnacle A.I,261; Vv 784 (=kaṇṇikā VvA.304); gahakūṭa 屋頂Dh.154; PvA.55. Cp. also閣樓kūṭāgāra.)(c)(a heap, an accumulation, in sakārakūṭa,塵堆dust-heap)(d)高峰(the topmost point)。【中】謊言,欺騙。gāmakūṭa,貪官(S.19.10.Pārā.III,106.) S.22.102./III,156(=S.45.141-145./V,43.)Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kūṭāgārassa yā kāci gopānasiyo sabbā tā kūṭagamā kūṭaninnā kūṭasamosaranā, kūta tāsam aggam akkhāyati. (諸比丘!猶如閣樓的任何椽,攝於脊樑、向脊樑、會合於脊樑,脊樑被稱為它們(諸椽)的最上者。)

Kūṭāgāra,【中】閣樓,小尖塔般聳立的建築物,暫時建築物,靈柩台。pañcakūṭāgārasatāni katāni﹐造五百間臨時屋。

Kūpa,【陽】井,洞。

Kūpaka,【陽】桅桿,柱,旗桿。

Kūla,【中】河岸,堤防,築堤。

Kekara,【陽】斜視的人。

Kekā,【陰】孔雀的啼鳴。

Keipāta,【陽】舵(rudder)

Keubhāna﹐禮儀學。(中國的典籍上記載有禮儀準則300條,行爲準則3000條。)

Ketakī,【陰】露兜樹(screw-pine露兜樹屬 (Pandanus tectorius) 的植物〔産於東南亞〕)

Ketabino騙術高明Ketabinoti sikkhitakerāṭikā, nipphannathāmagatasāṭheyyāti vutta hoti. (騙術高明學習騙人,產生有力的欺騙)(MA.5.)CS:p.1.156)

Ketu,【陽】旗子,旗幟。ketukamyatā,【陰】自負,極度的虛榮心。ketamantu,【形】以旗子裝飾。佛教旗,由上而下五條色,藍色(nīla),黃色(pīta),紅色(lohita),白色(odāta),橙色(mañjeṭṭha)以及此五種顔色的混合色(pabhassara)

Ketu,【不】要去買。

Kenaci﹐【陽..工】以某。

Kedāra,【陽】【中】耕地,田地。kedārapāḷi,【陰】水壩,稻田中的窄築堤。

Keyūra,【中】戴在上臂的手鐲。

Keyya,【形】可買的,要買的事物。

Kerāṭika,【形】騙人的,僞善的。【陽】不誠實的人。

Kerāṭiya,【中】欺騙,詭計。

Keḷāpeti, Keḷāpayati, (make play),令動(make move)

Kelāsa,【陽】喜馬拉雅山的一座山名

Keḷāyana (<keḷāyati, cp. kelanā & kei),【中】玩耍(playfulness),不安定(unsettledness)

Kevaṭṭa,【陽】漁夫。

Kevala,【形】孤單的,未混雜他物的,全部的,整個的。kevalakappa,【形】幾乎全部。kevalaparipuṇṇa,【形】完成在它的全部。kevala,【副】僅僅(台語:干凋kan ta,或訛音為kan na),只不過。

Kesa,【陽】頭髮(正常成年人頭髮總數約為80,000~10,0000 根不等。平均每平方厘米內約150根。《解脫道論》(T32.434.1)說「八百萬髮」。不正確)kesakambala,【中】髮被單,以頭髮製成的毛毯。kesakambalī,【形】有髮被單的。kesakalāpa,【陽】一束頭髮。kesakalyāṇa,【中】美髮,美麗的頭髮。kesadhātu,【陰】髮舍利。kesamassu,【中】鬚髮。Miln.PTS:p.11.“Soasime, dāraka, palibodhe disvā kesamassu ohāretvā pabbajito.(小朋友!見到了(頭髮)十六個障礙物之後,剃除鬚髮出家。)

Kesara,【中】花的多毛結構,(動物的)鬃毛。kesarasīha,【陽】鬣獅。

Kesarī,【陽】獅子。

Kesava,【形】1.華麗的頭髮。2.【陽】毘瑟挐(印度教主神之一,守護之神 Vishnu)

Kesoropana,【中】剃頭髮。

Kesohāraka,【陽】頭髮的去除者,即:理髮師。

Ko,【陽】(ki 的【單】) (男的)?  Ko nu為什麼?

Koka,【陽】狼。

Kokanada,【中】紅蓮花,紅睡蓮。

Kokila,【陽】杜鵑鳥(cuckoo)

Koci(ko+ci),【無】有人,某人,任何人。【陽】:單..koci;複.keci;單..kañci;複..keci;單..kenaci;複..kehicikebhici;單..kasmācikamhāci;複..kehicikebhici;單..﹑屬.kassacikissaci;複..﹑屬.kesañcikesānañci;單..kasmiñcikamhici(kismiñcikimhici);複..kesuci【陰】:單.kāci;複..kācikāyoci;單..kañci;複..kācikāyoci;單..kāyaci;複..kāhicikābhici;單.kāyaci;複..kāhicikābhici;單..﹑屬.kāyacikassāci;複..﹑屬.kāsañcikāsānañci;單..kassācikāyañcikassañci;複..tāsuci【中】:單..kiñci;複..kānici;單..kiñci;複..kānici

Koccha,【中】1.刷子。2.籐椅、坐褥。Pāci.IV,40.Koccha nāma-- vākamaya vā usīramaya vā muñjamaya vā pabbajamaya vā anto savehetvā baddha hoti.(坐褥」者,有五種坐褥:有樹皮製、芳香須芒草製、或吉祥草製、或燈心草(蘆葦)等所製,其內包裝他物。)

Kojava,【陽】地毯。

Koñca,【陽】蒼鷺(heron)koñcanāda,【陽】。參考 Kuñcanāda

Koṇḍañña, (人名)喬陳如隣,憍陳如,五比丘Pañcavaggiye Bhikkhū之一。他出生在迦毗羅衛城附近的頭那瓦吐(Doavatthu),為一位富有的婆羅門之子。他比喬達摩佛更早出生。人們以他的族姓「憍陳如」來稱呼他。精通三吠陀,尤其看相學。他就是被邀請為剛出生的悉達多太子看相的八位婆羅門之一,他肯定地宣稱太子將成佛。看相之後,他就與其他四位同伴出家,等待太子出家、成道,以便親近學法。喬達摩成佛後,到鹿野苑講《轉法輪經》,喬陳如聽聞之後,立刻證得須陀洹果隔日,跋提迦(Bhaddiya)證得須陀洹果;第二天衛跋(Vappa)證得須陀洹果;第三天摩訶那摩(Mahānāma)證得須陀洹果;第四天阿說示(Assaji)證得須陀洹果(Sp.Mv.V,965.)五天後,聽聞《無我相經》而證得阿羅漢果,同時得四無礙解智;其他四比丘也同時證得阿羅漢果。

Koacikā,【陰】女人性器官。

Koi(Sk. koi & kūa2),【陰】1.頂、點(the extreme part, top, summit, point)2.一千萬(ten million),一說為十萬(a hundred thousand)koippakoi,【陰】1,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000(pakoi=100x100,000)koippatta,【形】已到達結束,完全抓住。十億(koisata =satakoi)kahāpaa-koi-santhārena(for the price (lit. by the spreading out) of 10 million kahāpaas” Vin II.159= J I.94 (ref. to the buying of Jetavana by Anāthapiṇḍika))

Koilla,【中】彎曲。

Koisimbalī, kūṭasimbalī,【陽】多刺的紅棉樹(thorny red cotton tree)

Koṭṭeti, Koṭṭheti (cp. Sk. ku & kua1),1.打擊(to beat, smash, crush, pound)2.弄平(to make even (the ground or floor))3.切,殺(to cut, kill(=hanti))pp. koṭṭita.ger. koṭṭetvācaus. koṭṭāpeti, 使打擊。

Koṭṭha1(Sk.koṣṭha),【陽】腹部,(尤指監獄或寺院的)單人房間,儲藏室,庫房。koṭṭhāgāra,【中】殼倉,國庫,倉庫。koṭṭhāgārika,【陽】倉庫管理員。koṭṭhāsaya,【形】在腹部中存在的。

Koṭṭha2, 可能是:啄木鳥(woodpecker?)J VI.539

Koṭṭha3(cp.Sk.kuṭṭha), 可能是:閉鞘薑、土地公拐、水蕉花(Costus speciosus) (J V.420.)花冠略呈歪斜喇叭狀,白色,偶有淡粉紅色,徑可達60mm;穗狀花絮密集頂生。蒴果略呈球形,具三稜,萼片宿存;熟果紅色。葉互生,常沿莖呈輪梯狀生長;披針形,被面被絨毛。

Koṭṭhaka,【陽】1.要塞,堡壘。2.出入口。3.隱藏的地點。4.壁櫥,儲藏室。

Koṭṭhāsa,【陽】部份,定額,一份。

Koa,【陽】角落,末端,弓。

Kotūhala,【中】刺激,好奇心。kotūhalamagaliko迷信徴兆

kott﹐【字根VII.】減少(cut)

Kotthu, kotthuka,【陽】豺,胡狼,野干。

Kodaṇḍa,【中】弓、弩。

Kodha(Vedic krodha fr. krudh, cp. kujjhati),【陽】忿怒(anger)kodha chetvā, 切斷瞋恚(cutting off anger S.I,41=47=161=237)akkodha, 無忿(freedom from anger)kodhātimāna, 忿與過慢(anger and conceit Sn.968.) kodhupāyāsa, 瞋惱(companionship or association with anger, the state of being pervaded with anger (opp. akkodhupāyāsa瞋惱)) kodhagaru “having respect for” i. e. pursuing anger (opp. saddhammagaru) A.II,46 sq., 84; kodhapaññāṇa,【形】瞋的方法(knowing the true nature of anger Sn.96 (cp. SnA 170))kodhabhakkha, 餵養瞋(feeding on, i. e. fostering anger, Ep. of a Yakkha S.I,238)kodhavinaya, 調伏瞋的方法(the discipline or control of anger)S.7.1.“Kodhassa visamūlassa, madhuraggassa brāhmaa.”(瞋為毒根,婆羅門以為最上蜜。)

Kodhana(< kodha),【形】易怒的不受控制的()(having anger, angry, uncontrolled)

Konta,陽】1.細長三角旗。2.一種鳥。參考 kunta

Kopa(< kup),【陽】激怒,脾氣暴躁(ill-temper, anger, grudge)kopaneyya,【形】易於激起忿怒的。

Kopī,【形】脾氣暴躁的。

Kopīna(cp. Sk. kaupīna),【中】1.生殖器官(the pudenda, the private parts)2.腰布(a loin-cloth)yāvadeva hirikopīnapaicchādanattha﹐僅僅只是為了遮蔽羞處。

Kopeti (kuppati 的【使】), 使生氣,使擾亂,使動搖。kopesi,【過】。kopita,【過】。kopiyamāna,【現】。kopetvā,【獨】。

Komala,【形】軟的,生情的。see kamala

Komāra(< kumāra),【形】少年(juvenile, belonging to a youth or maiden)komārabhacca,【中】育嬰,王子收養。komārabrahmacariyā,【陰】從幼年開始的梵行(童貞入道)komārī,【陰】處女(a virgin)

Komudī(< kumuda the white waterlily, cp. Sk. kaumudī),【陰】月光(moonlight),迦底迦月(Kattika9161015)份的月圓日。

koraka(cp. Sk. koraka), 【陽】【中】1.(bud)2. (刀、劍、樹葉等的)( a sheath)

Korabya, Koravya(Sk. kauravya),【形】俱盧(Kuru﹐今印度德里附近) 的後裔,俱盧 (Kuru) 國家的。

kola,【陽】【中】棗子(jujube)

kolakola,【陽】家家。SA.48.24./III,238.Yo pana dve tayo bhave sasaritvā dukkhassanta karoti, aya kolakolo nāma. (他輪迴流轉二或三家之後,就滅盡苦。此名為家家) 「家家」為預流者之最高者。

kolaka,【中】胡椒。

kolakola(der. fr. kula)﹐家家者,此須陀洹證得阿羅漢果前再生於良善家庭兩或三次(going from kula to kula (clan to clan) in sasāra)

kolañña, kolañña- (< kula),【形】生在良家(born of (good) family (cp. kulaja)kolañña-, 屬於良家(belonging to the family of )khīṇa-kolañña ,【形】來到世間(one who has come down in the world Vin.I,86.)

kolaṭṭhi,【中】棗子的種子(the kernel of the jujube)kolaṭṭhimattiyo (pl.) S.I,150=A.V,170=Sn.p. 125 (with kolamattiyo), and kolaṭṭhimattā Th.2, 498=ThA.289; DhA.I,319.

kolamba(and koamba VvA),【陽】大的廣口瓶(a pot or vessel in general)

kolāpa,【陽】死樹,洞樹。

kolāhala,【陽】喧嘩。KhA.120.Kolāhala nāma pañcavidha kappakolāhala, cakkavattikolāhala, Buddhakolāhala, magalakolāhala, moneyyakolāhalanti.(五種喧嘩:對劫的喧嘩(諸天神知道十萬年後,世間將成劫滅的喧嘩)、對轉輪()的喧嘩(諸天神宣告:過一百年後,轉輪王將出現世間)、對佛陀的喧嘩(淨居天神宣告說:過一千年後,佛陀將出現世間)、對吉祥的喧嘩(淨居天神宣告說:過十二年後,正自覺者將開示諸吉祥。),及對牟尼的喧嘩(淨居天神宣告說:過七年後,世尊將說關於牟尼(moneyya)的修行方法(Sn.v.698./pp.135~6))

Koliya,【陽】拘利族和釋迦族(Sākya)同族的一個氏族的名字。

koleyyaka,【形】好族類(說及狗;of good breed, noble, appld to dogs)

kovida,【形】聰明的,很熟練的,精通的。

kosa1(kośa and koa),【陽】儲藏室,庫房,國庫,鞘,繭(台語:趼lan)

kosa2(krośa), 音譯:拘婁舍。為衡量距離之單位,其距離為恰可聞及一牛鳴叫之聲。

kosaka,【陽】【中】杯子,飲料容器,小箱,小鞘。

kosajja,【中】懈怠,懶惰,怠惰。AA.6.55./III,390.Kosajjāyāti kusītabhāvatthāya.(懶惰:懶惰的狀況)。《解脫道論》卷第四:「懈怠者,謂心懶墮。」(T32.416.2)

Kosalla,【中】精通。

Kosātakī,【陰】絲瓜(〔絲瓜屬〕(Luffa acutangula) 攀緣草本熱帶植物,果實呈圓柱狀,內部爲纖維狀,類似海綿),古音譯:憍賞塔奇樹。

Kosaphala,【中】肉豆寇(nutmeg Jātiphala)

Kosambī,【陰】憍賞彌(跋蹉 (Vasa) 的首都名字)

Kosala,【陽】憍薩羅國(國名)

Kosārakkha,【陽】國庫的監護人。

Kosika,【陽】貓頭鷹(owl)。台語:暗光鳥、貓頭鳥、孤黃。

Kosināraka,【形】拘尸那羅 (Kusinārā) 的。

Kosī,【陰】鞘(sheath)

Koseyya,【中】絲綢,絹布。【形】絲綢的。

Kosohita,【形】把插入鞘內。

Kohañña,【中】僞善,欺騙。

Kriyā,【陰】行動,行爲,表現。參考 kiriyā

Kva,【無】哪裡?  kvaci,【無】某處。

 

Kh

 

Kh, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第二個輔音字母。發音好像漢語中清音的 k

Kha (kha),【中】虛空、天空(“space” Vism.494.)khapupa(), kha-pupam(),空華,空花。

Khakharaka(), Khakkhara(), Khakkharaka(), 錫杖。

Khaga,【陽】鳥(“sky-goer”)khaga-caraa, 鳥飛。khaga-patha, 空,虛空。

Khagga (Sk. khaga),【陽】刀劍。khaggakosa,【陽】刀劍鞘。khaggāhaka,【陽】捧劍者。khaggatala,【中】刀鋒。khaggadhara,【形】捧劍的。

Khaggavisāṇa(cp. BSk. khagaviṣāṇa),【陽】1.犀牛(a rhinoceros有個像刀劍一樣的角者,犀牛總是朝著一個目標,義無返顧地向前衝)2.犀牛角,麟角(古譯),驎角(古譯)

Khacati (khac +a), 嵌入,裝飾(inlaid, adorned with, usually with jewels)khaci,【過】。khacita,【過】。

Khajja (grd. of khajjati),【形】被吃被咀嚼被咬被啄(to be eaten or chewed, eatable, solid food)。【中】固體食物,甜肉乾。khajjaka,【中】甜肉乾。khajjakantara,【中】各種不同的糖果。

Khajjati ((khaj +ya), =khādiyati, Pass. of khādati; Dhtm 93 bhakkhaa) 1.被吃被咀嚼被咬(to be eaten, chewed, eaten up, as by animals)2.被癢(to be itchy, to be irritated by itchcp. E. “itch”=Intens. of “eat”)3.毀滅被犧牲(to be devoured, to be consumed, to be a victim )。【現】被嚼,被咬,被啄。

Khajju,【陰】癢。

Khajjūrī,【陰】海棗樹(date-palm一種海棗樹〔棕櫚科〕(Phoenix dactylifera),産於亞洲西部、北部,在加利福尼亞也有種植,有羽毛狀的葉子,結簇生的棗子椰樹)

Khajjopanaka(cp. Sk. khadyota),【陽】螢火蟲(fire-fly)

Khañja(cp. Sk. khañja),【形】跛足的(lame)

Khañjati (khaj +-afr. khañja), 蹣跚,跛行(to be lame)khañji,【過】。

Khañjana,【中】蹣跚行走(hobbling, walking lame)。【陽】鶺鴒(wagtail),亟竈巢鳥主要在西半球的一種鶺鴒科鳥,具有瘦長的身體和不斷擺動的尾巴。

Khaa(kana, kaa),【陽】片刻,分鐘,機會,剎那,時節,無難ㄋㄢˊkhaena,【副】在片刻中。khaṇātīta,【形】錯過機會(Sn.333=Dh.315 (=DhA.III,489)utukhaa,【陽】季節。khaaññū, 知時(knowing, realizing the opportunity Sn.325 (cp. SnA 333). khaapaccuppanna, 剎那現在(生、住、滅的三心剎那,arisen at the moment or momentarily)khaaparitta, 片刻(small as a moment Vism.238.)

Khaa2 (< kha), (digging J.II,296.)Cp. atikhaa.

Khauka,【梵】【陰】頑固的忄龍的。khauka sattva-durdāntatām,剛強難化眾生。

Khaati, khanati(khan or kha+a), 1.挖,連根拔起(dig, dig out, uproot)2.破壞(=Sk. kanati; to destroy)khai,【過】。khata,【過】。khaanta,【現】。khaitvā,獨】。cp. abhikkhaati, palikkhaati. ; M I.132 (id.)pp. khata & khāta (cp. palikkhata).

Khaana(<kha),【中】挖(digging)

Khaika(<khaa),【形】瞬間的,暫時的,可改變的(unstable, momentary, temporary, evanescent, changeable; usually syn. with ittara)Vism.626. (khaikato from the standpoint of the momentary). khaikā pīti﹐剎那喜(‘momentary joy’ is one of the 5 kinds of joy, viz. khuddikā, khaikā, okkantikā, ubbegā, pharaṇā (see pīti) Vism 143, DhsA 115.
  kha
ikācitta, temporary or momentary thought Vism 289. khaikāmaraa, sudden death Vism 229. khaikāvassa, 陣雨(momentary, i. e. sudden rain (-shower))

Khaikapaccuppanna﹐剎那現在指當下剎那存在(生、住、滅的三心剎那)

Khaittī,【陰】撬棍,鐵橇,鎬。

Khaṇḍa (freq. spelt kaṇḍa),【陽】一點點,碎塊,糖果。【形】斷掉的。khaṇḍadanta,【形】斷牙。khaṇḍaphulla,【中】(建築物)損壞的一部分。akhaṇḍa, 無毀壞。

Khaṇḍati, 打破(to break, DhA.IV,14.; pp. khaṇḍita broken, PvA.158 (-kaṇṇo=chinnakaṇṇo)

Khaṇḍana,【中】破損。

Khaṇḍākhaṇḍa, khaṇḍākhaṇḍika,【副】()碎。

Khaṇḍikā(< khaṇḍa),【陰】塊,碎片(a broken bit, a stick)

Khaṇḍicca,【中】(牙齒)斷掉(he state of being broken (of teeth), having broken teeth)

Khaṇḍita,(Khaṇḍeti的【過) 打碎,違背,違犯

Khaṇḍeti (khaṇḍ +e), 打碎,違背,違犯(to renounce, to remit, in vetana)khandesi,【過】。khandetvā,【獨】。

Khata1 (khaati 的【過), 已挖出,已連根拔起,已受傷,已沒德行。

Khata2 (pp. of kan, to wound), 傷害,受傷(hurt, wounded)

Khatta (Sk. katra, to ki),【中】政治學,刹帝利(Khattiya)的。

Khattiya(der. fr. khatta=katra “having possessions”; Sk. katriya),【陽】刹帝利,武士族(pl. Nom. also khattiyāse J.III,441. A shortened form is khatya J.VI,397.)。【形】刹帝利的。khattiyakaññā,【陰】刹帝利的年輕未婚女子。khattiyakula,【中】武士家族。khattiyamahāsāla,【陽】刹帝利的百萬富翁。khattiyamāyā,【陰】刹帝利的秘訣。khattiyasukhumāla,【形】如王子一般的柔弱。rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto,剎利族灌頂王(剎利頂生王),即出身剎利族,經灌頂儀式就任王位。

Khattiyā, khattiyānī,【陰】刹帝利氏族的女人。

Khattu,【陽】戰車的禦者,國王的隨從顧問。

-(k)khattu (Sk. °ktvah, cp. °kad),【副】次() (in compn with numerals “times”: dvikkhattu, tikkhattu, etc.; twice, three times, etc.)

Khadira(Sk. khadira),【陽】兒茶樹(東印度一種有刺喬木(Acacia catechu),兩回羽狀複葉,花黃色,莢扁平,是阿仙藥的來源)khadiragāra,【陽】兒茶木材的灰燼。

khankha﹐【字根I.】挖(to dig)

Khanittī (to khan, cp. Sk. khanitra),【陰】(a spade or hoe Vin.I,270; J.VI,520=V.89 (+akusa).

Khanti(kham)(Kṣānti(kam)),【陰】忍耐(日語:我慢する, gaman-suru)耐性。khantibala,【中】耐力。khantimantu,【形】忍耐的耐心的。忍耐是最超越的鍛鍊、擔當(Khantī parama tapo titikkhā)(《法句經》184)A.5.216.akkhanti(不忍):「諸比丘!此等五者,是忍之德。以何為五耶?即:為多人可愛、可意;又,不凶暴(aluddo);無追悔;不迷亂而命終;身壞死後,生於善趣、天界。」忍耐有三種:一、世俗的忍,忍氣吞聲(如石壓草),但有時會忍無可忍而火山爆發。二、修止的忍,轉離可瞋境(不可意境),迅速把心安置於固定的所緣(高級的如石壓草)三、修觀的忍,當境,或轉離可瞋境,把心安置自己的身體(如呼吸、火大、或以丹田吸呼氣)、或受(特別是苦受)的觀察,覺知生滅、轉變。若是屬於過去的積怨、鬱卒、怨恨,也可以倒帶,坦然面對它。修觀修可以達到無忍可忍。cf. adhivāsana(堅忍)

Khantika,【形】(在【合】中) 如此這般的信念(acquiescing in-, of such and such a belief)aññakhantika, = 另外的信念。

Khantar(Khantu),【陽】忍耐者,溫和的(possessed of meekness or gentleness; docile, manageable)

khand(skand)﹐【字根I.】徹底潰敗(to rout),跳躍(to jump)

Khandha (Sk. skandha),【陽】1.體積。2.樹幹,(人或動物的)軀幹。3.(mass),堆(heap)4.區,段,章。5.蘊,形成任何生命的身心狀態的知覺集合體。khandhaṭṭhika,【中】肩骨khandhapañcaka,【中】五蘊即:色、受、想、行、識。pañcakkhandhā(五蘊= pañcavokārabhavā)rūpakkhandho, vedanākkhandho, saññākkhandho, sakhārakkhandho, viññāṇakkhandho.(色蘊、受蘊、想蘊、行蘊、識蘊。)

Khandhaka,【陽】區分,章。

Khandhāvāra,【陽】營。

kham(kam)﹐【字根I.】遭受或忍受(to suffer or bear)

Khama(<kam)(kama懺摩),【形】寬恕的,原諒的,容忍的,懺摩(求對方的原諒)(patient, forgiving, enduring, bearing, hardened to )khamā paipadā(堪忍行=不以罵報罵等)。【反】akhama﹐容忍的。

Khamati(Sk. kamate)(kham忍受 +a), 1.忍耐,容忍,寬恕(to be patient, to endure, to forgive(Acc. of object and Gen. of person)khamatha me pardon me.2. (impers.) to be fit, to seem good; esp. in phrase yathā te khameyya “as may seem good to you; if you please” sabba me na khamati “I do not approve of” ; na khamati “it is not right” .3. to be fit for, to indulge in, to approve of)khami,【過】。khanta,【過】。khamanta,  khamamāna,【現】。grd. khamanīyacaus. khamāpetidukkhamati﹐難以忍耐。

Khamana,【中】khamā(<kham(kam)),【陰】寬容,忍受,容忍,耐性,忍耐。KhA.(CS:p.123)khamana khanti.(忍受忍耐)

Khamāpana(abstr. fr. khamāpeti, caus. of khamati) ,【中】要求原諒(asking for pardon)

Khamāpeti (kham+āpe), 原諒,道歉(to make eat)khamāpesi,【過】。khamāpenta,【現】。khamāpita,【過】。khamāpetvā,【獨】。

Khamitabba,【義】應該原諒。

Khamitvā,【獨】原諒了,忍耐了。

khambh(skambh)【字根VII.支持(prop)

Khambha(Sk. khambha & sthambha)1.支持(support)2.障礙(obstruction, stiffening, paraly)

Khambhakata,【形】兩手叉腰的。

Khambheti (Sk. skambh, skabhnāti] 1.支持( to prop, to support)2.障礙(to obstruct, to put out)pp. khambhita.

Khaya(Sk. kaya to ki, kioti & kiṇāti),【陽】浪費,破壞,衰退,終結,盡khayanupassanā,【陰】衰退的事實知識。

Khara(khara),【形】粗糙的,粗鄙的,硬的,強烈的,痛苦的。kharatta,【中】kharatā,【陰】粗糙。

Khala,【中】(玉蜀黍的)打穀場。khalagga,【中】打穀的開始。khalamaṇḍala,【中】打穀場。khalasālā﹐【陰】打穀棚。

Khalati (khal+a), 絆倒(to stumble)khali,【過】。khalita,【過】。khalitvā,【獨】。

Khalika(or khalikā f.), 骰子(a dice-board, in khalikāya kīḷanti to play at diceDA I.85 by jūta-khalika pāsaka-kīḷana).

Khalita1 (Sk. khalati=Lat. calvus, bald; cp. khallāṭa) 禿頭(bald-headed A.I,138 +vilūna); Th.2, 255 (=vilūnakesa ThA.210).

Khalita2,【中】過失,絆倒。

Khalīna,【陽】馬,馬嚼

Khalu,【無】的確,當然。

Khaluka(khalaṅga>khalaṅka>khaluṅka),【陽】難馴,桀驁難馴,古音譯:強梁、強良。

Khallāṭa,【形】禿的。khallāṭasīsa,【形】禿頭的(DhA.CS:pg.1.196. khallāṭasīse)khallāṭiya,【中】光禿。

Khalopī(=khalopi, kalopī),【陰】鍋(a potusually with kumbhī: D.I,167 (--mukha+kumbhi-mukha))

Khaa,【形】粗略的,粗糙的。【陽】流氓,無賴,卑鄙的人。

khā﹐【字根I.】說(to speak)。【字根III.】了解(to comprehend)

Khāṇu,【陽】【中】殘株,柱(a stump (of a tree), a stake)khāṇuka,【陽】殘株,樹樁,小柱。

Khāta (khaati 的【過), 已挖。

khād(khād)﹐【字根I.】吃(to eat)

Khādaka,【形】吃者,以爲主食。

Khādati (khād+a), 吃,咀嚼,咬,咬牙切齒(to chew, bite, eat, devour, to destroy)khādi,【過】。khādanta, khādamāna,【現】。

Khādana,【中】吃(the act of eating (or being eaten))。【中】【形】khādanī (the eater)

Khādanīya(grd. of khādati; also as khādanīya),【形】可吃的(hard or solid food)。【中】蔬果食(古譯︰硬食),甜食,糖果,蜜餞。Pāci.IV,233(CS:p.300)Khādanīya nāma pañca bhojanāni-- udakadantapona hapetvā avasesa khādanīya nāma. Bhojanīya nāma pañca bhojanāni-- odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, masa.(硬食(蔬果食)除了五種穀肉食﹑水與楊枝(齒木)之外的一切食物。軟食(穀肉食):指飯﹑粥﹑麥﹑魚﹑肉。)

Khādā,【陰】食物(food, in rājakhādā royal food Sn.831 (rājakhādāya puṭṭho=rājakhādanīyena rājabhojanīyena posito Nd1 171)

Khādāpana(< khādāpeti),【中】(處罰性的)令吃(causing to be eaten (kind of punishment))

Khādāpeti (【使】II. khādati), 令吃,令咬(to make eat)khādāpesi,【過】。khādāpita,【過】。khādāpenta,【現】。khādāpetvā,【獨】。

Khādika =khādaka吃者,in aññamaññakhādika S.V,456.

Khādin, 吃者。【陰】khādinī=khādaka PvA.31.

Khādita (khādati 的【過), 已吃,已咬,已吃完(eaten, or having eaten, eaten up, consumeda twin form of khādita is khāyita)khāditatta,【中】被吃的事實。khāditaṭṭhāna, 餐廳,吃的地方(the eating place, place of feeding)

Khāditabba,【義】應該吃。

Khāditu,【不】要去吃。

Khāyati (khā+yapass.=Sk. khyāyate, khyā), 似乎是,看來好像,只是,僅僅(to seem to be, to appear like (viya) J.I,279)khāyi,【過】。aor. khāyisu; ppr. med. khāyamāna. Cp. pakkhāyati.

Khāyita,【形】已吃,吃光。【中】吃了些東西。

Khāra(Sk. kṣāra, pungent, saline, sharp to ksā, kṣāyati to burn),【陽】的物質,碳酸鉀,苛性鉀(any alkaline substance, potash, lye)khāraka,【形】1.性。2.【陽】鮮芽。khārika,【形】(alkaline)

Khārī,【陰】佉梨(古印度計重量單位大約 16 格令〔= 1.0368 16/7000 〕,秤盤)khārikāja, khārividha,【陽】【中】秤盤和秤錘。

Khārika1 (to khāra),【形】(alkaline)

Khārika2(of khārī),【形】()斛,音譯︰佉梨。1斛等於10斗,漢代一斛等於120斤,一斤相當現在約250(of the khārī measure, in vīsatikhārika Kosalako tilavāho(=viṃśatikhārīka kosalakas tilavāha), A.V.173=Sn.p.126.)

Khārodaka, 石灰。khārodaka-nadī, 灰河,石灰水河。

khāḷ﹐【字根VII.】洗(to wash)

Khāḷeti (kha+e), 洗,沖洗。khāḷesi,【過】。khāḷita,【過】。khāḷetvā,【獨】。

khi﹐【字根I.】衰退(to decay)

Khiḍḍā(Vedic krīḍā, cp. kīḷati),【陰】玩,娛樂(play, amusement)khiḍḍādasaka,【中】十年(十一至二十歲)khiḍḍārati,【陰】享樂。

Khitta (khipati 的【過), 已散亂,已丟,已推翻,已抛棄,已顛覆(thrown; cast, overthrown)khittacitta,【形】發瘋的人。Cp. vikkhitta

khid﹐【字根III.】被壓,降低,沮喪(to be depressed)cp. (khid)撕開(tear),拉,拔cf.(ājch,撕破;pa, 撕開;riś, 撕開;liś, 撕開;vh / bh, 撕開)

khip (kip), 投,拋(throw)

Khipa,【陽】丟在上的任何東西,捕魚具,斗蓬。

Khipati (khip(kip)+aVedic kipati), 投,丟出,打噴嚏(to throw, to cast, to throw out or forth, to upset)khipi,【過】。khipanta, khipamāna,【現】。khipitvā,【獨】。a throw, anything thrown over

Khipana,【中】丟,抛棄(the act of throwing or the state of being thrown)《入阿毘達摩論新疏》Abhidhammāvatāra-abhinavaṭīkā (CS:p.2.99) Khipanakasakhārā nāma cuti-āsannajavanasahajātasakhārā, paisandhijanakakammasahagatasakhārā vā, tato purimajavanasahagatasakhārāti vā keci.(丟入之(=):與臨死俱生之行,或陪伴結生令生業之行,或乃至任何陪伴過去速行之行。)

Khipanā(<khipati),【陰】抛棄(throwing up, provocation, mockery, slander)

Khipita (khipati 的【過), 已丟出(expectoration)。【中】噴嚏(sneezing)khipitasadda,【陽】噴嚏聲(the sound of expectorations)

Khipitu,【不】要丟,要打噴嚏。

Khippa(<khip),【形】快的(quick)khippatara,【副】很快地,非常快地。khippa,【副】很快地(quickly)

Khila(cp.Sk.khila), 【陽】【中】荒廢或休耕的田地(waste or fallow land ),荒野。ceto-khilā(心的荒蕪)Grassmann︰「荒廢、未耕種的土地,特別是位於已耕種的田地之間。」在《梨俱吠陀》,我們沒有發現「荒野 khila」,倒是「khilya」這樣的字出現過兩次,而出現在(10 142:3c)的那一次,其實就是「khilya」一字的確切定義:「於是,耕地中即有荒野」Grassmann 為「khila」所下定義。那即是「破除(心靈)荒野於同學(同梵行者)中」。

Khia (cp. Sk. kia), 硬皮、腁胝(ㄆㄧㄢˊ)、皮膚結繭(hard skin, callosity)

khī﹐【字根IV.】衰退(to decay)

Khīṇa (khīyati 的【過), 已盡,已耗盡,已浪費(destroyed, exhausted, removed, wasted, gone)khīṇatta,【中】khīṇatā,【陰】浪費的事實,用盡的事實。khīṇamaccha,【形】沒有魚的。khīṇabīja,【形】沒有存在種子的人。khīṇāsava,【形】漏盡的。KhA.194.khīṇanti samucchinna.(已盡︰已完全粉碎。) ‘khīṇā jāti vusita brahmacariya kata karaṇīya nāpara itthattāyāti pajānāmī’ti.(生已被滅盡,梵行已被滯留,已做所應作,此生之後無來世。)(本句漢譯有譯作︰「我生已盡,梵行已立,所作已作,自知不受後有。)SA.6.3./I,205.atītā jāti khīṇā pubbeva khīṇattā, na anāgatā tattha vāyāmābhāvato, na paccuppannā vijjamānattā.  Maggassa pana abhāvitattā yā uppajjeyya ekacatupañcavokārabhavesu ekacatupañcakkhandhappabhedā jāti. Sā maggassa bhāvitattā anuppādadhammata āpajjanena khīṇā. Ta so maggabhāvanāya pahīnakilese paccavekkhitvā-- “Kilesābhāve vijjamānampi kamma āyati appaisandhika hotī”ti jānanto jānāti. Vusitanti vuttha parivuttha, kata carita niṭṭhāpitanti attho. Brahmacariyanti maggabrahmacariya. Kata karaṇīyanti catūsu saccesu catūhi maggehi pariññāpahānasacchikiriyabhāvanāvasena soasavidhampi kicca niṭṭhāpitanti attho. Nāpara itthattāyāti idāni puna itthabhāvāya, eva soasakiccabhāvāya, kilesakkhayāya vā katamaggabhāvanā natthīti.  Atha vā itthattāyāti itthattabhāvato, imasmā evapakārā idāni vattamānakkhandhasantānā apara khandhasantāna natthi, ime pana pañcakkhandhā pariññātā tiṭṭhanti chinnamūlako rukkho viyāti abbhaññāsi. Aññataroti eko. Arahatanti arahantāna, Bhagavato sāvakāna arahata abbhantaro ahosi. (生已被滅盡(khīṇā jāti):過去生已滅盡,未來生不發動,現在生無實性。(他的)道的無被修習的狀態,一、四、五蘊之生徹底迸裂;他的道的被修習的狀態,未被生的法陷於滅盡。他於道()的斷染,而省察之後,他知道︰「於染存在之業,從今以後不會再生。」「梵行已被滯留(vusita brahmacariya)已被滯留︰滯留,已圓滿滯留,已作、已實踐、已梵行(按︰七種學者及善凡夫則被稱為正在過著梵行生活)梵行︰梵行之道。「已做所應作(kata karaṇīya):於四諦四道的遍知、()斷、()作證、()修習,十六種應作的已完成。「我完全知道此生之後無來世(nāpara itthattāyāti pajānāmi):「此生之後無來世(nāpara itthattāyāti),現前此世,如此十六種污染滅盡,已不再作修道。「此生(itthattāyā)這個存在的生命體,此生五蘊相續,而不再有來生的五蘊相續;這是住立於五蘊遍知的狀態,他盡知如斷樹頭一樣。)

Khīya (cp. khīyati) Khīyadhamma āpanna﹐犯嫌瞋法(PEDfall into a state of mental depression陷於意氣消沉的狀態)

Khīyati(=khiyyati) (khī+ya)(Sk. kṣīyate, pass. to khayati), 被耗盡,浪費掉,變成沮喪。khīyi,【過】。khīyamāna,【現】。khīyitvā,【獨】。

Khīyana(=khiyyana),【中】1.疲憊。2.責備。

Khīra(Sk. kṣīra),【中】奶,(牛、羊等)(milk, milky fluid, milky juice)khīraṇṇava,【陽】奶白色的海洋。khīrapaka,【形】吸奶。khīrodana,【中】乳飯。khīramukha,【中】沒面子。牛乳五味(pañca gorasā, Vin I.244):乳(khīra)凝乳(dadhi)、酪乳(takkabuttermilk凝乳1/4水攪拌而成)、生酥(navanīta奶油)、熟酥(sappi熟酥)Pāci.IV,347(CS:p.464)Khīra nāma gokhīra vā ajikākhīra vā mahisakhīra vā yesa masa kappati tesa khīra.(︰牛乳、山羊乳、水牛乳,凡肉適宜者之乳。)

Khīrikā,【陰】闊葉山檨子(東印度漆樹科的中等大小喬木 (Buchanania latifolia),種子在未成熟時用作咖喱的成分)

Khīranikā,【陰】母乳牛(a milk-giving cow)SA.7.12./I,258. Khīranikāti khīrakārakā godohakā.(母乳牛︰產奶的牛、母乳牛。)

Khīla(Sk. kīla & khīla),【陽】樁,柱(a stake, post, bolt, peg

Khujja (either Sk kubja, of which khujja would be the older form),【形】1.駝背的()(humpbacked)2.小的次等的(small, inferior)

Khudā(Sk. kudh & kudhā, also BSk. kud in kuttara hunger & thirst),【陰】餓(hunger)

Khudda(Vedic kudra),【形】小的,次等的,無關重要的。【中】一種小蜜蜂所製造的蜂蜜。kaniya, 【形】小的。kanittha, 【形】小的。Khuddakanikāya,【陽】《小部》(佛教經典,五部尼柯耶之一)Khuddakapāṭha,【陽】《小誦經》(《小部》中的第一部經)

Khuddaka(<ka) =khudda,【形】小的,次等的。

Khuddā,【陰】一種小的蜜蜂。

Khuddānukhuddaka,【形】細小的(職責或戒條)ākakhamāno Ānanda sajgho mam’accayena khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni samūhantu.(阿難!有意欲者,在我亡後,僧團允准除去微細學處(小小戒))

Khuppipāsā,【陰】饑餓和口渴。

khub﹐【字根III.】使激動(to be agitated)

khubh﹐【字根I.】騷動(to be agitated),搖動(to shake)

Khubhati (khubh騷動+a), 被騷動,被擾亂。【過】khubhi,【過khubhita

khums﹐【字根VII.】責備、譴責(to censure)

Khura1 (Vedic khura), (the hoof of an animal)

Khura2 (Vedic kura, to kṣṇu, kṣṇoti to whet, kṣṇotra whetstone),【中】剃刀(a razor)khuragga,【中】剃髮廳。khurakosa,【陽】剃刀鞘。khuracakka,【中】刀輪。khuradhārā,【陰】剃刀鋒。khurabhaṇḍa,【中】理髮具。khuramuṇḍa, 剃光頭。

Khurappa,【陽】箭。

Khulukhulu-kaaka, 【中】【副】噼啪聲,嘩啦聲( “so as to make the sound khulu, khulu,” i.e. clattering or bumping about M.II,138. Cp. ghuru-ghuru)

Khea, kheaka (cp. Sk. kheaka),【中】盾(a shield)

Khetta (Vedic ketra, to ki, keti, kiti, dwelling-place),【中】1.田,小塊土地,適當的地方,生産地,建立地(a field, a plot of land, arable land, a site)2.(功德)( (of kamma) the soil of merit, the deposit of good deeds, which, like a fertile field, bears fruit to the advantage of the “giver” of gifts or the “doer” of good works.)khettakamma,【中】田間勞動。khettagopaka,【陽】守田人。khettasāmika,【陽】田主。khettājīva,【陽】耕者,農民(台語:做穡人co3 sit lang5)khettatūpama,【形】被比喻像塊田。

Kheda(Sk. kheda fatigue, khedati),【陽】遺憾,苦惱,痛苦(subject to fatigue, tired)

Khepa (cp. khipati),【陽】投,投擲,(精神)錯失(throwing, casting, Sdhp.42. Usually in citta-kkhepa loss of mind, perplexity Dh.138. Cp. vikhepa, sakhepa.

Khepana (cp. khepeti),【中】過(時間),浪費,殲滅。

Khepita, (Khepeti的【過) 花費,使浪費

Khepita [pp. of khepeti] destroyed, brought to waste, annihilated, khepitatta (nt.) the fact of being destroyed, destruction, annihilation, DhA.II,163 (kilesavaṭṭassa kh.).

Khepetikhepayati (khip+e), 花費(時間或財富),使浪費。【過】khepesi,【現khepenta,【獨】khepetvā(opp. akhepetvā)

Khema (Vedic kema to ki, cp. khetta),【形】安全,平穩,太平。khemaṭṭhāna,【中】安全地,庇護所。khemappatta,【形】達到了鎮定。khemabhūmi,【陰】和平的地方。) patta-yoga-kkhema,達瑜伽安穩(指至涅槃處),《長阿含經》譯:至安處。

Khemin,【陽】安全者(one who enjoys security or peace)

Khea,【陽】唾液。kheamallaka,【陽】痰盂。

Kheḷāpaka (Vin) & Kheḷāsika (DhA),【形】吃痰者,一個辱駡的術語。°vāda the use of the term “phlegm-eater,” calling one by this name Vin.II,189; DhA 140. Cp. āpaka.? spittle-dribbler; “wind bag.”

Kho(before vowels often khv’; contr. of khalu=Sk. khalu),【無】的確,真的,當然(【語】與前一詞結合的虛詞,例如:eva kho kho)atha kho,

Khobha(cp. Vedic kubh kobhayati, to shake),【陽】震動,激動(shaking, shock)

Khoma,【中】亞麻布料(linen cloth)。【形】亞麻的。khomadussa,【中】亞麻布,釋迦領土中的一個村名。khoma-pilotikā, 初摩衣,即亞麻衣。

Khvāha(kho āhaṁ)﹐實在,我。

 

G

 

G, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第三個輔音字母。發音是帶音的 g,漢語沒有這個輔音,請參考英語或馬來語的發音。

Gagana,【中】天空。gaganagāmī,【形】飛過天空。

Gaggara [Vedic gargara throat, whirlpool.] 1.怒吼roaringa blacksmith’s bellowskammāragaggara2.【中】cackling, cawing, in hasagaggara﹐鵝叫聲。

Gaggarā,【陰】伽伽羅池(Vism.208),一個湖的名字。

Gaggarāyati (gaggarī 的【派】), 怒吼,吼。

Gaggarī,【陰】鐵匠的風箱。

Gagā,【陰】河,恒河(在印度北境)gagātīra,【中】河岸。gagādvāra,【中】河口。gagādhāra 【陽】流域,江河流域。gagāpāra,【中】彼岸,對岸。gagāsota,【陽】河水流,奔流。

Gageyya,【形】河的,恒河的。

Gaccha,【陽】植物,矮樹。

Gacchati (gam+a), 去、行(to go, to go away),外出(to go out)(to walk)。【過】gacchi,【現gacchantagacchamāna。【過gatagantva, gamitva, gantvana, gantuna, -gamma,【獨】。

Gacchant(a)﹐【現】正在去。單..gacchagacchantogacchato;複.gacchantogacchantā;單..gacchagacchantagaccha;複.gacchantogacchantā;單..gacchantagacchata;複..gacchantogacchante;單..gacchatāgacchantena;複..gacchantebhigacchantehi;單..gacchatāgacchantagacchantamhāgacchantasmāgacchantato;複..gacchantebhigacchantehi;單..﹑屬.gacchātogacchantassa;複..﹑屬.gacchatagacchantāna;單.gacchantigacchantegacchantamhigacchantasmi;複..gacchantesu

Gaja,【陽】象。gajakumbha,【陽】象額。gajapotaka,【陽】小象。

gajj(garj)﹐【字根I.】吼(to roar)

Gajjati (gajj+a), 打雷。【過】gajji,【現gajjanta, gajjamāna,【獨】gajjitvā

Gajjanā,【陰】吼聲。

Gajjita (gajjati 的【過),【中】吼,打雷。

Gajjitu,【陽】吼者,打雷者。

Gaa,【陽】1.組,隊,群,(俱樂部、社團、校友會等的)支部,分會(in special sense: a meeting or a chapter of (two or three) bhikkhus, a company (opposed both to sagha, the order & puggala, the individual)2.群眾、大眾、徒眾(in general: a crowd, a multitude, a great many)gaapūraka,【形】聚齊法定人數的人。gaapūraa,【中】法定人數。gaabandhana,【中】合作。gaabhojana﹐【中】別眾食(超過四位比丘做夥托缽、受請共食五正食(粳米飯、穄米飯、粟米飯、赤粳米飯、麥飯。--《善見律毘婆沙》卷第十六﹐T24.784)gaasagaikā,【陰】想參入在群衆中。gaācariya,【陽】多數弟子的老師,有許多追隨者的人。gaārāmatā,【陰】想參入在群衆中。

Gaaka,【陽】會計員,熟悉算術的人。

Gaanapathamatīta﹐【形】超越計算的,不可計算的。

Gaanapathātīta,【形】超越計算的,不可計算的。

Gaanā,【陰】數,計算,算術(arithmetic)

Gaikā1(cp.gaakī),【陰】妓女(one who belongs to the crowd)(專與高級官員往來的)妓女(a harlot),情婦(a courtesan)

Gaikā2(=gaanā)【陰】數,計算,算術。

Gaita (gaeti 的【過), 已計算。【中】算術。

Gaṇī,【陽】有追隨者的人。

Gaeti (ga+e), 計算,數。【過】gaesi,【現gaenta,【獨】gaetvā,【義】gaetabba

Gaṇṭhi, gaṇṭhikā,【陰】結,束縛,木塊。gaṇṭhiṭṭhāna,【中】困難的通道,昏暗的通道。gaṇṭhipada,【中】難懂的字,字彙。

Gaṇḍa,【陽】癰、癤子(boil),腫瘤,瘤。Ida jātu vedagū, ida jātu sabbaji, ida jātu apalikhita gaṇḍamūlam palikhaṇīti.(我確實是明智者,我確實是一切勝者,我確實掘出未掘出之癰根。)按:ida (),相應部註釋書,釋為「我」。「一切勝者」謂得如實智而解脫者,「癰」指身體,「根」指渴愛。

Gaṇḍaka,【陽】犀牛(rhinoceros)

Gaṇḍikī,【陰】木、木魚(敲打的器,用木頭做成,中間鏤空),銅鑼。

Gaṇḍī,【陰】銅鑼,屠頭台(行刑場砍人頭用的木頭)。【形】有瘤的。

Gaṇḍuppāda,【陽】蚯蚓。台語:杜蚓。

Gaṇḍūsa,【陽】一口。

Gahanta (gahāti 的【現), 拿,抓,持,取。

Gahati, Gahāti (gah+hā), 拿,持,抓,取。(1) gaha- (Sk. ghṇā-); pres.: ind. gahāti (gahāsi PvA.87), pot. gaheyya, imper. gaha (J.I.159; PvA.49= handa) & gahāhi (J.I.279). fut. gahissati; 【過】gahi。【不】gahitu (J.III.281.)。【獨】gahitvā, ganhiya【使】ganhāpeti & gāhāpeti(to cause to be seized, to procure, to have taken)(2)gahe- (Sk. ghī-)︰【未】gahessati。【過】aggahesi (Sn.847; J.I.52)【不】gahetu (J.I.190, 222)。【獨】gahetvā (“with”) & gahetvāna (poet.) (Sn.309; Pv.II.3)。【義】gahetabba(3)gah- (Sk. gh-)︰【過】aggahi。【獨】gayha & gahāya (Sn.791)。【被】gayhati. 【過gahita & gahītacp. gaha, gahaa, gāha.

Gahāpeti (Gahāti 【使】), 使拿,令抓。【過】gahāpesi,【過gahāpita, gāhāpita,【獨】gahāpetvā

Gahitu,【不】要拿。

Gahiya, (gahāti 的【獨】), 拿了,持了。

Gata (gacchati 的【過), 已去,已經過,已達到,已到了某種情況(gone away, arrived at, directed to)gataṭṭhāna,【中】去過的地方。gatatta,【中】去過的事實。gataddha, gataddhī,【形】已完成旅程的人。gatabhāva,【陽】參考 gatattagatayobbana,【形】已經到青年時期。

Gati, Gatin, (<fr. gacchati),【陰】1.(going, going away, (opp. āgati coming) (both gati & āgati usually in pregnant sense))2.(going away, passing on (=cuti, opp. upapatti coming into another existence)3.行爲(behaviour, state or condition of life, sphere of existence, element, especially characterized as sugati & duggati, a happy or an unhappy existence)4.(pañca gatiyo)(one of the five realms of existence of sentient beings (=loka), divided into the two categories of sugati (=Sagga, realm of bliss) & duggati (=Yamaloka, apāya, realm of misery))。五趣(1)地獄(niraya purgatory), (2)畜生(tiracchānayoni the brute oreation), (3)餓鬼(pittivisaya the ghost world), (4)(manussā (manussā-loka) human beings), (5)(devā gods)KhA.19.Yesañhi dhātūna gati-attho buddhipi tesa atthoti.(由於凡字根有『』的含義,它們也有『』的含義。)

Gatika,【形】1.(going to)2.引導(leading to)3.趣向(having a certain gati, leading to one of the four kinds of rebirth)

Gatimantu,【形】完美的行爲。

Gatta(Vedic gātra),【中】身體。pl. gattāni(the limbs)

Gathita(pp. of ganthati to tie, cp. gantha, knot. Sk. grathita),【過】已綁,已束縛,已貪婪(tied, bound, fettered; enslaved, bound to, greedy for, intoxicated with (c. Loc.))

gad(gad)﹐【字根I.】說(to say)

Gada,【陽】演講,句子(speech, sentenceat S.II,230 (v. l.) in phrase diṭṭhagadena sallena is to be read diddhagadena sallena)

Gadati (gad+a), 說,談。【過】gadi,【過gadita

Gadā,【陰】一種武器,鐵棒。

Gaddula, Gaddūla,【陽】(栓狗頸之)皮帶,皮革帶(革紐)(a leather strap S.III,150; J.II.246; III.204; fig, in tahā-gaddūla “the leash of thirst,” Nd2 on jappā (tahā)=Dhs.1059=Vbh.361, cp. DhsA.367.)

Gadduhana(derivation unknown; Sk. dadrūghna),【中】擠()奶。gadduhanamatta,【副】短時間(如拉一次母牛的奶頭的時間。SA “pulling just once the cow’s teat”)

Gaddha(Vedic gdha; see gijjha), (a vulture; in gaddhabādhipubbo, of the bhikkhu Ariṭṭha, who had been a vulture trainer in a former life Vin.II,25=IV.218= M.I,130; see also Vin. Texts II.377.)

Gadrabha,【陽】驢,驢子(an ass, donkey)

Gadhita, 參考 gathita

Gan﹐【字根VII.】計算(to count)

Gantabba,【義】可去的。gantabbata, 可去性。

Gantar, 去的人。(“goer” in gantā hoti he will go, he is in the habit of going)

Gantu,【陽】去的人。

Gantu,【不】要去。

Gantvā, (gacchati 的【獨】) 去了之後

ganth(grath/ granth)﹐【字根VII.】串一起(to string together)(tie)

Gantha,【陽】.束縛,腳鐐(a bond, fetter, trammel)2.作文,本文(composition, text, book , only in late Pāḷi, and in Sk.)ganthakāra,【陽】作家(author),編輯。ganthadhura,【中】學習聖經的負擔。ganthappamocana,【中】釋放,脫身。

GanthatiGantheti (ganth串一起+e)(Vedic grath, granth, grathnāti), 1.繫綁,拴緊(to tie, knot, bind, fasten together)2.放在一起,編織(to put together, to compose)。【過】ganthesi, 【現ganthenta,【獨】ganthetvā

Ganthana,【中】編織,扭轉,作文。

Gantheta, (Gantheti的【過) 繫綁,拴緊,編織

Gandha,【陽】香,氣味,味道。gandhakaraṇḍaka,【陽】香水箱。gandhakui,【陰】香室(佛陀的寮房)gandhacuṇṇa,【中】香粉。gandhajāta,【中】香料。gandhatela,【中】香油。gandhapañcagulika,【中】香五指印。gandhasāra,【陽】檀香樹。gandhāpaa,【陽】香料。gandhika﹐【陽】香料商人(dealer in perfume)

Gandhabba,【陽】1.乾闥婆,音樂家,小神的天上音樂家。2.將投胎的香陰。

Gandhamādana,【陽】甘達馬答那山(喜馬拉雅山的一座山)

Gandhāra,【陽】陀羅,(現在叫做)「甘達哈」(Kandahar),屬於阿富汗(Afghanistan)的一省

Gandhārī,【陰】陀羅(的魔術吉祥物)

Gandhika, gandhī,【形】芬芳的。

Gandhodaka,【中】香水。

Gabbita,【形】驕傲的,傲慢的。

Gabbha,【陽】內部,子宮,內室。gabbhagata,【形】去了子宮(投胎),懷孕。gabbhapariharaa,【中】護胎。gabbhapātana,【中】流産的準備,毀胎。gabbhamala,【中】隨分娩的髒物。gabbhavuṭṭhāna,【中】分娩。gabbhaseyyaka,【形】在子宮中出生者,胎生的。gabbhaseyyā,【陰】在子宮懷孕。gabbhavakkanti,【陰】懷孕。āyati gabbhaseyyā punabhavābhinibbatti pahīna﹐斷盡未來再轉生於母胎。“pahamagabbhe puttapailābhatthāyā”ti.(求第一胎能生兒子)guhagabbha,【陽】秘密內室。

Gabbhassāvakkanti﹐入胎。

Gabbhara,【中】洞。

Gabbhāsaya,【陽】子宮。

Gabbhinī, 【形】【陰】孕婦(pregnant, enceinte)gabbhinī pāyamānā purisantaragatā, 懷孕,餵奶,有性行為(pregnant, lactating & having had sex intercourse)

gam (gacch) (gach, gam)﹐【字根I.】去、走(to go)

Gambhīra,【形】深的。【中】深度。SA.6.1./I,195.Gambhīroti uttānapaikkhepavacanameta.(深的︰此是與明顯相反之說。)

Gamana,【中】去,散步,旅程,追逐(台語:迮jioh)。【形】導致,有益於。gamanantarāya,【陽】障礙。gamanāgamana,【中】去來(來去)gamanakāraa,【中】去的理由。anavhāya gamayanto, 不請自來

Gamaka,【陽】歸依者。

Gamanīya,【形】應該去的,可以去的。

Gamika,【形】1.村莊的官員,地方官員( [to gāma] a governor of a village, overseer of a parish Vin.I,179; A.III,76, 78, 300 (in series w. raṭṭhika pettanika, senāpatika, pūgagamaika))2.旅行([to gam] adj. going wandering, travelling)。【陽】旅行者。gamikavatta,【中】旅程的準備。

-gāmin (from gacchati, gam) ,【形】f. °iṇī, in composition °gāmi°. -- (a) going, walking, lit.: sīgha° walking quickly Sn.381; -- (b) leading to, making for, usually with magga or paipadā (gāminī), either lit. Pāṭaliputtagāmi-magga the road to P. Miln.17; or fig. of ways & means connected w. one of the “gatis.” as apāya° DhA.III,175, udaya° paipadā S.V,361; nibbāna° dhamma Sn.233; amata-gāmi-magga S.V,8; udayatthagāmiṇī paññā A.V,15; dukkhanirodha° paipadā Vin.I,10; cp. ācaya° Dhs.584. 1013. Acc. °gāmina: khema Amata° M.I,508; brahmacariya: nibbān’ogadha° It.28, 29; dukkhûpasama° magga Sn.724= Dh.191; niraya° magga Sn.277, ThA.243. Or °gāmi: Sn.233, 381.

Gāmeyya (adj.) belonging to a village in sa° of the same v., a clansman S.I,36=60 (+sakhā).

Gamina ,【形】去的人(being on a “gati,” only at Sn.(PTS:587CS:592.)Aññepi passa gamine, yathākammūpage nare(請看另一些按其業死去的人))

Gameti (gam+e)(caus. of gacchati), 令去派去理解(to make go, to send, to set into motion, to cause to go)。【過】gamesi

Gambhīra,【形】深的,極深的,難感知的。gambhīratā,【陰】深度。gambhīravabhāsa,【形】有深度或深奧的外貌。

Gamma,【形】粗俗的,應該被瞭解或達到的。

Gayha,【形】可以拿的,抓住,抓緊。【中】把握中的。

Gayhati (gah+ya), 被拿,被抓住。【過】gayhi,【現gayhamāna

garah﹐【字根I.】責備、恥辱(to disgrace)

Garahati (garah +a), 責備,譴責,責駡。【過】garahi,【過garahita,【現garahanta, garahamāna

Garahana,【中】garahā,【陰】責備,譴責。

Garahitvā, garahiya,【獨】責備了。

Garahī,【陽】指責者。

Garu (guru),【形】重的,嚴重的,莊嚴的,值得尊敬的,可敬的。【陽】導師,教師,上師,咕嚕。garukātabba,【形】尊敬的傑出人物,應該尊敬的。garukāra,【陽】尊敬,光榮。garugabbhā,【陰】孕婦。garuṭṭhānīya,【形】做老師的人,品格高尚的人。garubhāva﹐敬重。M.140./III,237.na kho me bhante, garu.(導師!對於我無障礙。《中阿含162經》譯:我無所違。英譯:there are no problems.)

Garuka,【形】重的,嚴重的,嚴肅的。Vibhv.(PTS:p.130CS:p.169-170)Garukanti mahāsāvajja, mahānubhāvañca aññena kammena paibāhitu asakkueyyakamma. Āsannanti maraakāle anussarita, tadā katañca. Āciṇṇanti abhihaso kata (CS:p.170) ekavāra katvāpi vā abhihaso samāsevita. Kaattākammanti garukādibhāva asampatta katamattatoyeva kammanti vattabbakamma.(重業︰大罪(mahāsāvajja)、大威力的業(mahānubhāva大善業),不可能有任何其他業可以阻止它的業。臨死業︰是瀕臨死亡前所憶起或所造之業。慣行業︰重複造的或習慣造的(善業或惡業)已作業不屬於重的(),已作業或是已說的業。)

Garukaroti (garu+karoti), 尊敬,崇敬。【過】garukari,【過garukata,【現garukaronta

Garutta,【中】garutā,【陰】有重量性,光榮。

Garua(),【陽】金翅鳥(迦樓羅),神話的鳥,鷹身女妖。

Gala,【陽】脖子,咽喉。galaggāha,【陽】抓著脖子,扼殺。galanāḷi,【陰】喉頭。galappamāṇa,【形】直到脖子。galavāṭaka,【陽】咽喉的底部。

Galati (gal+a), 滴下,流動,滴流。【過】gali,【現galanta, galamāna,【過galita,【獨】galitvā

Gaagaḷāyati (gaagaa 的【派】), 嘩啦嘩啦響(雨聲、流水聲),大雨聲,吼。【過】gaagaḷāyi

Gaocī,【陰】心葉青牛膽(Tinospora Cordifolia Pūtilatā)

Gava, 實詞 go 在【合】中採取的詞形;例如: pugava公牛。

Gavaja, gavaya,【陽】(産於印度的)大額牛。

gaves﹐【字根I.】搜尋(to search)

Gavesaka,【形】尋求者,找尋的人。

Gavesati (gaves搜尋+a), 尋求,尋找,努力。【過】gavesi,【過gavesita,【現gavesanta, gavesamāna,【獨】gavesitvā, gavesiya

Gavesana,【中】gavesanā,【陰】搜尋,尋求。

Gavesī,【陽】尋求者。

gah﹐【字根V.】拿(to take)

Gaha1(gha),【中】家(a house, =the layman’s life),房子。gahakāraka,【陽】立家者,建屋者。gahakūṭa,【中】屋頂。gahaṭṭha,【陽】俗人,居士。

Gaha2(graha, gahāti),【陽】捕捉者、捕捉(seizer, seizing, grasping)

Gahaa,【中】拿,抓,獲得,把握。

Gahaika,【形】消化良好。

Gahaṇī,【陰】妊娠,懷孕,醞釀,消化。

Gahana,【中】繁茂處,叢林,匿藏處。【形】厚的,密封的。gahanaṭṭhāna,【中】在叢林中不能穿透的地方,密封處。

Gahapati(ghapati),【陽】一家之主,家主,家長gahapatānī,【陰】女家主gahapatiputta﹐【陽】居士子。gahapatimahāsāla,【陽】非常富有的戶主。Pāci.IV,224.Gahapatiputto nāma ye keci puttabhātaro.(居士子︰居士的兒子及其兄弟。)

Gahita (gahāti 的【過), 已拿,已抓住。【中】抓緊。gahitabhāva,【陽】被拿的事實,拿著的事實。

Gaheti(<gah), 取。gahetva, gahetvana, gayha,【獨】。cf. Ganhati

gā(g),【字根III.】唱(to sing)

Gāthā,【陰】偈,詩句,節,詩的一行。gāthāpada,【陽】詩節的一行。gāthabhigīta,【形】藉由背誦詩而獲得的。

Gādha,【形】深的。【陽】深度,安全的立足點,立足處。

Gādhati (gādh+a), 不後退,不讓步,有個穩固的立足處。【過】gādhi

Gāna,【中】歌唱,歌。

Gāma,【陽】村莊(村落,台語:庄頭 cng thau5)gāmaka,【陽】小村莊。gāmaghāta,【陽】劫村,掠奪。gāmaghātaka,【陽】劫村者,強盜。gāmajana,【陽】村民。gāmajeṭṭha,【陽】村長。gāmaṭṭhāna,【中】()村地。gāmadāraka,【陽】村民。gāmadārikā,【陰】村女。gāmadvāra,【中】村門(村莊的入口)gāmadhamma,【陽】惡劣的行爲,行房。gāmabhojaka,【陽】村長。gāmavāsin,【陽】村民。gāmasaññā﹐村想(想著關於村莊)gāmasīmā,【陰】地方自治區的邊界。cf. nigama()nagara()janapada(地方)

Pārā.III,46.(CS:Pārā.pg.57)Gāmo nāma ekakuikopi gāmo, dvikuikopi gāmo, tikuikopi gāmo, catukuikopi gāmo, samanussopi gāmo, amanussopi gāmo, parikkhittopi gāmo, aparikkhittopi gāmo, gonisādiniviṭṭhopi gāmo, yopi sattho atirekacatumāsaniviṭṭho sopi vuccati gāmo.(村落︰有一屋村落,有二屋村落,有三屋村落,有四屋村落,有人村落,有無人村落,有圍牆村落,無圍牆村落,有牛舍等的村落,有商隊住四個月以上的村落,以上稱為村落。)Gāmūpacāro nāma parikkhittassa gāmassa indakhīle hitassa majjhimassa purisassa leḍḍupāto, aparikkhittassa gāmassa gharūpacāre hitassa majjhimassa purisassa leḍḍupāto.(村落近郊︰有圍牆之村落,人站在村門中,丟石頭所落之處︰於無圍牆之住家,人站在住家門中,丟石頭所落之處。)

Gāmakūṭa,【陽】仲裁者Sp.Pārā.II,510.gāmakūṭoti vinicchayāmacco.(村里仲裁者︰法官。)

Gāmaṇī,【陽】村長。

Gāmika,【陽】村民。

Gāmī, (在【合】中) 【形】去的人,導致。

Gāyaka,【陽】歌手。

Gāyati (ge+a), 唱,背誦。【過】gāyi,【現gāyanta, gāyamāna,【過gāyita, gīta,【獨】gāyitvā

Gāyana,【中】歌唱。

Gāyikā,【陰】女歌手。

Gārayha,【形】卑鄙的,卑賤的。

Gārava,【陽】尊敬。gāravatā,【陰】尊敬。tibbagārava﹐【陽】虔誠的恭敬。agārava﹐【反】不尊敬。

Gāvī(<go),【陰】母牛。Gen.sg. gāviyā (Pug.56=A.II,207); Nom.pl. gāviyo (SnA 323; VvA.308); Gen.pl. gāvīna DhA.I,396; SnA 323; VvA.308). -- A cow Vin.I,193; A.IV,418; J.I,50; Ud.8, 49; Vism.525 (in simile); DhA.II,35; VvA.200.

Gāvuta(cp. Vedic gavyūti pasture land, district),【中】伽浮他(1由旬 yojana 80 勒沙婆 usabhas),一里格(league長度單位),略少於2英哩(milesJ.I,57, 59; II.209; Vism.118; DhA.I,396.)gāvutika,【形】至一伽浮他(leagueDA.I,284.)的長度。

Gāvo,【陽..複】牛。

gādh﹐【字根I.】站著(to stand)

gāh﹐【字根I.】衝進、探究、埋首(to dive into)

Gāha, -gāha,【陽】1.捕獲,緊握。2.固執。3.主意,意見。tahāmānadiṭṭhiggāhavasena,執取愛、慢、見。

Gāhaka,【形】持者,拿者,持有者。

Gāhati (gāh衝進+a), 浸,穿透,投入。

Gāhana,【中】淹沒,跳水。

Gāhāpaka,【形】使人拿者,令人拿著的人。

Gāhāpeti (gahāti 的【使】), 使拿,令抓住,督促。【過】gāhāpesi,【過gāhāpita,【現gāhāpenta,【獨】gāhāpetvā

Gāhī,【形】拿者,持有者。參考 Gāhaka

Gāheti (gahāti 的【使】), 使拿,令抓住。參考 gāhāpeti,【過gāhita,【獨】gāhetvā, gāhiya

Gāḷha,【形】強壯的,緊,嚴重的。gāḷha,【副】緊緊地,強烈地。

gi﹐【字根IV.】大叫(to call out)

Gijjha,【陽】禿鷲(vulture)

Gijjhakūṭa,【陽】鷲峰(DA.16./II,516.gijjhasadisa vā tassa kūṭa atthīti Gijjhakūṭo.(它的山峰像鷲,(稱為)鷲峰。)Gijjha-kūṭa pabbata﹐鷲山(又名靈鷲山,此山位於王舍城東北十里之處,為圍繞王舍城的五山中之最高山)位於中印度摩羯陀國首都王舍城之東北側,為著名的佛陀說法之地。位置在24°18' N and 81°15' E.;海拔717公尺(2354 feet)

Gijjhati (gidh貪婪+ya), 渴望,很需要。【過】gijjhi,【現gijjhamāna

Giñjakā,【陰】磚塊。giñjakāvasatha,【陽】磚屋。

Giddha (gijjhati 的【過), 已貪婪。

Giddhi,【陰】貪欲,執著。

Giddhī,【形】貪婪的,想要的。

gidh﹐【字根III.】貪婪(to be greedy)

Gini,【陽】火。

Gimha(grīṣma),【陽】熱,熱天。

Gimhana,【陽】熱季,夏天。gimhānamāsa, 【陽】【中】熱季,夏季,夏天(216615, 跨越陰曆四個月份(質多Citta(216315), Vesākha(316415), Jeṭṭha(416515), Asalha(516615))。中國的夏季是陰曆56-7日至87-8)。初夏(2月中到3月中),等於中國的春天不同於中國的初夏(「立夏」從陰曆56-7日開始)KhA.192.Pahamasmi gimhe, Citramāseti attho.(熱季第一月質多月(Citta))(216315))

Gimhika,【形】熱季的,夏天的。

Girā,【陰】話,說話。

Giri,【陽】山。girikaṇṇikā,【陰】蝶豆(Clitoria Ternatea,一種美國東南部和中部産的常見的纏繞藤木植物),花淡藍色,直徑 2 英寸,具非常大的旗瓣)girigabbhara,【中】giriguhā,【陰】山裂縫,峽谷,山洞。giribbaja,【中】耆梨跋提(摩揭陀都城的名字)girirājā,【陽】山王(須彌山)girisikhara,【中】峰頂,山頂。

Girigabbhara,【中】山裂縫,峽谷,山洞。Sn.v.416.(p.73.)Nisinno byagghusabhova, sīhova girigabbhare”.(坐相猶如老虎、公牛、獅子(盤踞)在洞裡的。)

Giribbaja(giri+(v)vaja牛棚),【中】耆梨跋提,原意為放牧之地,摩揭陀(Magadha)都城的名字;也稱作「城」(Pañcācalaka-nagara)SnA.v.408./II,382.Giribbajanti idampi tassa nāma. Tañhi Paṇḍava-Gijjhakūṭa-Vebhāra-Isigili-Vepullanāmakāna pañcanna girīna majjhe vajo viya hita, tasmā “Giribbajan”ti vuccati.(耆梨跋提︰這是它(摩揭陀都城)的名字。般茶婆山(Paṇḍava)、鷲峰(耆闍崛山, Griddhkūṭa;英Vulture Peak)、負重山(Vebhāra毘婆羅)、吞仙山(Isigili伊師耆利)、毘富羅山(Vepulla)等五山圍繞(王舍城),好像牛欄似的,被稱為山欄。)

gil﹐【字根I.】忍受(to swallow)

Gilati (gil +a), 吞下吞食。【過】gili,【過gilita,【現gilanta,【獨】gilitvā

Gilana(< gilati),【中】吞(devouring, swallowing)

gilā﹐【字根III.】不舒服(to be sick)

Gilāna, gilānaka (Sk. glāna, glā to fade, wither, be exhausted),【形】病的不舒服的(sick, ill)【中】病人。gilānapaccaya,【陽】病緣(因為生病)gilānabhatta,【中】病人的食物。gilānasālā,【陰】醫院,診所gilānālaya,【陽】裝病。gilānaupuṭṭhāka,【陽】護士。gilānupaṭṭhāna,【中】護理,看護。gilānadassana﹐瞻病探病。

Gihī(Gihin)(< gaha, cp. gaha & geha; Sk. ghin),【陽】俗人,在家人。gihībandhana,【中】俗人的束縛。gihībhoga,【陽】俗人的享樂。gihīvyañjana,【中】俗人的特徵。gihīsasagga,【陽】結交在家人。gihīpaisayutta, 在家相關,在家相繫屬。sāvakā gihī odāta-vasanā﹐白衣弟子,印度的習慣以「白衣」代稱在家弟子。

Gīta,【中】歌,唱歌。(gāyati 的【過) 已唱。gītarava, gītasadda,【陽】歌聲。《小誦註釋》(KhA.36.)gītanti yakiñci gīta.(唱歌:任何歌。) Sp.Cv.VI,1201.Gītampi yakiñci naagīta vā sādhugīta vā antamaso dantagītampi “ya gāyissāmā”ti pubbabhāge okūjantā karonti, etampi na vaṭṭati. Saya gāyantassāpi gāyāpentassāpi dukkaameva.(唱歌:任何舞歌,或好聽的歌,乃至牙牙之歌,凡是我們唱的作前奏的低聲吟唱(okūjantā karonti),這些都不唱。或者自己唱,教他唱,都是惡作。)  A.3.103./I,261.“Ruṇṇamida bhikkhave, ariyassa vinaye yadida gīta.”(諸比丘!於聖者之律,唱歌是哭泣。)受八戒中,「離唱歌」之一項, A.5.209./III,251.(cf. KhA.p.36Pāci.IV,267)“Pañcime bhikkhave, ādīnavā āyatakena gītassarena dhamma bhaantassa. Katame pañca? (1)Attanāpi tasmi sare sārajjati, (2)parepi tasmi sare sārajjanti, (3)gahapatikāpi ujjhāyanti– ‘yatheva maya gāyāma, evameva kho samaṇā sakyaputtiyā gāyantī’ti, (4)sarakuttimpi nikāmayamānassa samādhissa bhago hoti, (5)pacchimā janatā diṭṭhānugati āpajjati.(諸比丘!拉長歌音而誦()法有五種過患。什麼是五?(1)自己即愛著其音;(2)他人也愛著其音;(3)在家眾(聽到)發牢騷︰我們這樣唱歌,這些釋迦沙門子也唱歌;(4)修練音調也會妨礙禪定;(5)往後的人會效法所看到的。) 《毘尼母經》(卷二,T24.809.1)︰「爾時諸比丘用歌音誦戒。佛言︰不應當以高聲了了誦戒,歌音誦戒有五事過︰一心染著此音。二為世人所嫌。三與世人無異。四妨廢行道。五妨入定。是名五事過也。」

Gītikā,【陰】歌。

Gīvā,【陰】脖子,gīvaṭṭhika, 頸骨。頸:後頸曰「脰tau7」或「領脰nia2tau7」;前頸曰「頷am7」或「頷頸am7kun2」。

Gīveyyaka,【中】脖子的裝飾。

Guggulu,【陽】藥用樹脂,芳香樹膠(一種膠狀樹脂,從沒藥屬 (Commiphora) 的各種樹木得來,與沒藥樹脂相似,用途相同)

Guñjā,【陰】藥用蔓草,相思子(一種東印度群島産的纏繞草木植物 (Abrus Precatorius) 具羽狀複葉;花小,紫色,在葉腋叢生;根用作甘草的代用品)

Gua,【陽】德行,特質,繩索,線,弓弦,(與數位複合,它的意義=倍,例: digua = 兩倍)guakathā,【陰】稱讚。guakittana,【中】陳述德行。guagaa,【陽】好特質的積聚。guavantu,【形】有品德的。guṇūpeta,【形】擁有好特質的。guahīna,【形】全無德行的。gunahantaram(<guna-hantar <han)功德之傷害者(說人壞話者)

Guṇī,【形】擁有好特質的。

guṇṭh(guṇṭh)﹐【字根VII.】遮蓋、覆蓋(to cover)

Guṇṭhikā,【陰】線球。

Guṇṭhita, (Guṇṭheti‘覆蓋的【過) 包裝,覆蓋。

Guṇṭheti (guṇṭh覆蓋+e)(cp. Sk. guṇṭhayati Dhtp (563) & Dhtm (793) give both roots guṇṭh & guṇḍ as syn. of veh), 包裝,覆蓋,藏(to cover, to veil, to hide)。【過】guṇṭhesipp. guṇṭhita(v. l. BB kuṇṭhita)pasuguṇṭhita﹐灰塵覆蓋(covered with dust)paliguṇṭhita﹐障礙(obstructed, entangled)

guṇḍ﹐【字根VII.】給提供動力(to powder)

Gua1.球。2.糖、糖蜜(molasses)3.一串(cluster)

Guapiṇḍaka﹐【陽】糰食。

Gutta (gopeti 的【過), 已保衛,已保護,已注意。guttadvāra,【形】護門(善防護的感官)guttadvāratā,【陰】防護著感官。guttindriya,【形】有保衛感覺。

Gutti,【陰】保護,守衛,監護。guttika,【陽】監護人。

Guda,【中】肛門。

Gunda,【陰】香附子(bulbous grass一種廣泛分佈的多年生莎草(Cyperus rotundus),細弱的根狀莖生有可食的小堅果狀的塊莖)

gup(gup)﹐【字根I.】保護(to protect),隱藏(to conceal)

Gumba,【陽】矮樹叢,繁茂處,軍隊,一大群。gumbantara,【中】矮樹叢的內部。

Guyha(ger. of guh=Vedic guhya),【形】可以隱藏的(to be hidden, hidden in)。【中】秘密,要隱藏的(that which is hidden)guyhabhaṇḍaka,【中】性器官(the hidden part (of the body))guyha pariguyhati 守密(to keep a secret)guyhamassa ācikkhati, 能告訴(自己的)秘密。

Guru(=garu),【陽】老師。【形】重的,莊嚴的。gurudakkhia,【陰】學費,束脩

Guruvāro﹐【陽】星期四(日語:木曜日mokuyōbi)(Jupiter木星,歳星;梵bhaspati 勿哩訶娑跛底)

Guha,【陰】洞,巨穴。

Gua1( gua & gulī , guikā 藥丸﹑小球, guikā tumour),【中】球,球體。guakīḷā,【陰】玩球,玩彈球。

Gua2,【中】(甘蔗)(sugar)糖蜜(molasses)

Gua3,【中】團、串(a cluster)

Guḷā,【陰】腫脹物(a swelling),面皰、疙瘩(pimple),丘疹(pustule)guḷāguṇṭhikajāta(guḷā-guṇṭhika-jāta)﹐如吊球形的鳥窠。S.35.188.作:yebhuyyena samunnā tantākulakajātā kulagaṇṭhikajātā muñjapabbajabhūtā.(大部份的人(阿羅漢之外),浸入像紊亂的線球一樣,像吊球形的鳥窠又覆以纖毛甘蔗、蘆葦一樣)samunnā :已潮濕。kulagaṇṭhikajātā (另作guḷāguṇṭhikajāta﹐如吊球形的鳥窠)

Guika,【陰】藥丸。

Gūtha,【中】排泄物,糞,大便。gūthakaṭāha,【陽】便盆,便器。gūthakūpa,【陽】糞坑。gūthagata,【中】糞堆。gūthapāṇaka,【陽】糞甲蟲(casebearing beetle),鍬形蟲,牛屎龜,蜣螂,屎殼郎。gūthabhakkha,【形】吃糞的,食屎的。gūthabhāṇī,【陽】髒話。

Gūhati (gūh+aSk. gūhati, pp. gūḍha), 藏,隱藏(to hide, to conceal)。【過】gūhi。【現gūhamana, gūhaya。【獨】gūhitvā。【使】gūhayati

Gūhana,【中】隱匿。

Gūhita, gūḷha (gūhati 的【過), 已藏,已隱藏,已秘密。

Geṇḍuka,【陽】球。

Gedha,【陽】貪欲,結

Gedhita,【過】已貪婪。【中】貪欲。

Geyya,【形】要被唱的。【中】詩,文學的某種風格。

Geruka,【中】作爲塗顔色的紅粉筆。

Gelañña,【中】疾病。

Geha(Sk. geha=gha, to gh, gahāti),【陽】【中】房子,住宅,家(甲骨文︰;金文︰。屋中養畜牲之狀),家庭(a dwelling, hut, house; the household(執取家庭))gehagana,【中】屋前院子。gehajana,【陽】家庭的成員。gehaṭṭhāna,【中】房子的地點。gehadāsī,【陰】女僕。gehadvāra,【中】家門。gehanissita,【形】與居家生活有關聯的。gehappavesana,【中】入新居(的儀式)gehasita, 與居家生活有關聯的。

Go(原始印歐語gwow),【陽】【陰】牛(a cow, an ox, bull, pl. cattle),公牛(牛犅gu5 kang2)。單..gogoo;複.gāvo;單..gogoo;複.gāvo;單..gāvagāvugoagavagāvi;複..gāvegāṇegāvi;單.. gavenagāvena;複..gohigobhigavehi;單..gāvasmāgavamhāgavā(D I.201=A II.95= Pug 69);複..gohigobhigāvehi;單..﹑屬.gāvassa;複..﹑屬.gavagunnagonagoṇāna;單..gāvegavamhigāvimhi (SnA 323), gave (Sn 310)gāvasmi;複..gosugāvesugokaṇṭaka,【中】牛蹄,水蓑衣(Asteracantha longifolia) 一種溫生草本或木本屬〔爵床科(Acanthaceae)〕,葉似柳葉)gokula,【中】牛棚。gogaa(=gomaṇḍala.),【陽】牛群。goghātaka,【陽】屠牛夫。

Gokaṇṇa(=gokāṇā (f.)),【陽】麋鹿(elk)

Gocara,【陽】牧場,飼料,食物,感官對象,行境,適當的地方。goaragāma,【陽】出家人托食的村莊。gocararūpa境色,是五根所緣之外境,它們作為與之相符的根識的所緣緣。M.43./I,295.(有明大經) “Pañcimāni āvuso, indriyāni nānāvisayāni nānāgocarāni, na aññamaññassa gocaravisaya paccanubhonti, seyyathida-- cakkhundriya, sotindriya, ghānindriya, jivhindriya, kāyindriya.”(舍利弗尊者:「具壽(大拘稀羅)!這五根有各自境界、各自行處,它們不能互相經驗行處及境界--即指眼根、耳根、鼻根、舌根、身根。」) PsA.(CS:p.2.219)Gocarāti visayaṭṭhena.(行境境界之意。)

Gocchaka,【陽】束,串。

Goṭṭha,【中】牛棚(語:牛稠gu5 tiau5)

Goa,【陽】公牛(牛犅)

Goaka1(goa1), 公牛(=araññagoaka)

Goaka2,【陽】長羊毛的地毯。

Gotama(go+utama最好的),【形】【名】瞿曇的,瞿曇氏族的;瞿曇(經中有時指佛陀)Gotama saraa gacchāmi (我歸依瞿曇)

Gotamī,【陰】瞿曇女,瞿曇氏族的女人。

Gotta(Vedic gotra, to go),【中】氏族祖先(ancestry, lineage)nāmagotta﹐名字種姓。gotta’‘vasa種姓不同。Pāci.IV,6.Gotta nāma dve gottāni-- hīnañca gotta ukkaṭṭhañca gotta. Hīna nāma gotta-- Kosiyagotta, Bhāradvājagotta, tesu tesu vā pana janapadesu oññāta avaññāta hīḷita paribhūta acittīkata, eta hīna nāma gotta.  Ukkaṭṭha nāma gotta-- Gotamagotta, Moggallānagotta, Kaccānagotta, Vāsiṭṭhagotta, tesu tesu vā pana janapadesu anoññāta anavaññāta ahīḷita aparibhūta cittīkata, eta ukkaṭṭha nāma gotta.(氏族,有二氏族:卑氏族與貴氏族。卑氏族者,庫奢耶氏(Kosiya)、婆拉多蛙奢氏(Bhāradvāja),於各地方被輕蔑、侮慢而不被尊敬者,此等名為卑氏族。貴氏族者,瞿曇氏(Gotama)、目犍連氏(Moggallāna)、迦旃那氏(Kaccāna)、瓦施達氏(Vāsiṭṭha)等,於各地方不被輕蔑、侮慢……而被尊敬者,此等名為貴氏族。)

Gotrabhū,【形】破壞種姓的人。gotrabhū-ñāṇa, 種姓智(改變凡夫(puthujjana)的種姓成為聖人(ariya-puggala)種姓,進入須陀洹道之前的一位階。gotta(BSk.Gotra:姓、氏姓、種姓、家系)Vism.671.gotrabhuñāṇa vuṭṭhānagāminiyā vipassanāya pariyosāna.(種姓智為至出起觀的最終)。《增支部注》(AA.9.8-10./IV,170.)gotrabhūti sotāpattimaggassa anantarapaccayena sikhāpattabalavavipassanā-cittena samannāgato.(種姓():緊接的須陀洹道是,得到具有強勁毘缽舍那頂峰之心。)「種姓智」取涅槃為所緣,但尚屬欲界心(心所33)

Godhā,【陰】鬣蜥蜴(iguana),大蜥蜴(lizard)

Godhuma,【陽】小麥(wheat)

Gonasa,【陽】毒蛇(viper)

Gopaka,【陽】監護人,巡夜者,看守人。

Gopakhuma,【形】有小母牛一般的睫毛。

Gopana,【中】gopananā,【陰】保護,照料。

Gopānasī,【陰】重,支撐屋頂結構的彎梁。gopānasīvaka,【形】像重簷一樣的彎曲。

Gopāla, gopālaka,【陽】牧牛者。牧牛人十一法:(1) na rūpaññū hoti(不知色), (2) na lakkhaakusalo hoti(不善巧相), (3) na āsāṭika hāretā hoti(不除蟲卵), (4) na vaa paicchādetā hoti(不處置瘡痍), (5) na dhūma kattā hoti(不起煙), (6) na tittha jānāti(不知渡處), (7) na pita jānāti(不知飲物), (8) na vithi jānāti(不知道路), (9) na gocarakusalo hoti不知牧場), (10) anavasesadohi ca hoti(無剩餘(an-avasesa)的搾乳(dohi)).(11) Ye te usabhā gopitaro gopariṇāyakā te na atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti(不以最上恭敬以恭敬牡牛、牛父、牛群首領)(M.33.Mahāgopālakasutta牧牛者大經﹐A.11.18.Gopālaka放牛者)

Gopita, (gopeti 的【過) 保衛,保護,守護。

Gopī,【陰】牧牛的女人,牧牛者的妻子。

Gopura,【中】出入口。

Gopeti (gup+e), 保衛,保護,守護。【過】gopesi,【現gopenta,【獨】gopetvā, gopiya,【義】gopetabba

Gopetu,【陽】保護者。

Gopphaka(Dem. of goppha=Sk. gulpha),【中】腳踝(the ankle)

Gomaya,【中】牛糞。

Gomika, gomī,【形】牛的主人。

Gomutta,【中】牛尿。

Goyūtha,【陽】牛群。

Gorakkhā,【陰】守牛。

Golomī,【陰】鳶尾根(orria root幾種歐洲的鳶尾屬 (Iris) 植物〔尤指 Iris pallida〕的芳香根莖之一,磨成粉用作香料和藥,以及香囊和牙粉的成分)

Govatika﹐持牛戒者。模仿牛、依照牛的生活習慣來生活,佛陀警告他身壞命終即往生諸牛群中,不然就墮地獄。(M.57./I,387.)

Govinda,【陽】克利須那神 (Krisha) 的一個渾名。

Gosīsa,【陽】黃色的檀香(sandal wood)

Goa, Goaka,【陽】【中】球。

 

Gh

 

Gh, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第四個輔音字母。發音是送氣帶音的 g,漢語沒有這個輔音,請參考英語或馬來語的發音。

Ghasati1 (ghas+eSk. gharati, *ghṛṣ to *gher to rub or grind), (to rub, crush, grind,)。【過】ghasesi。【過ghasita。【現ghasenta

Ghasati2 (=hasati for Sk. hasati, see hasati), 愉悅(to be pleased, to rejoice J.IV,56 (v. l. ghasati))

gha(gha)﹐【字根I.】盡力(to make an effort),收集(to collect),使聚集(to gather),使忙碌於(to be busy with)。【字根VII.】嘗試(to attempt)

Ghaa1,【陽】1.甕,水壺(a hollow vessel, a bowl, vase, pitcher)pānīyaghaaparibhojanaghaavaccaghaakolambaghaa2.(drum, =kumbhathūna)chiddaghaa,【陽】有瑕疵的水壺。kumbhamattā mahāghaappamāṇā aṇḍā ahesu,((鳩槃荼)睪丸(aṇḍā)大如壺(kumbha)、甕(mahāghaa))(Sp.Pārā.II,510.)

Ghaa2(Sk. ghaṭā; conn. with ganthati to bind together),【陽】【陰】,眾,堆,群(multitude, heap, crowd, dense mass)itthighaa﹐【陰】女眾(a crowd of women)macchaghaa﹐魚群(a swarm of fish)vanaghaa﹐密林(dense forest)brahmaghaa﹐梵天眾(company of brahmins)

Ghaaka,【陽】【中】1.小甕(a small jar)2.柱頭(the capital of a pillar)

Ghaati (gha盡力+a)(Sk. ghaate, to granth, cp. ganthati), ,努力,發揮自己(to apply oneself to, to exert oneself, to strive)。【過】ghai。【過ghaita。【現ghaamāna

GhaanaGhaṭṭana,(Sk.ghaana)【中】ghaanā,【陰】安裝,組合。

Ghaṭā,【陰】串,一大群。

Ghaikā1(to ghaa1),【陰】小碗(a small bowl﹐乞討用) (=bhikkhā-kapāla),結,一個小時,球,打木栓遊戲(用木棒輕敲一個兩頭尖的木栓,當木栓蹦起來的時候再用木棒把它打向遠方,其他防守的人 盡力想把木栓接住)

Ghaikā2 (to ghaa2, orig. meaning “knot,” cp. gantha & gaṇṭhi, also gaṇḍa)【陰】1.(a small stick, a piece of a branch, a twig (khadiraghaikā) (=khaṇḍa). upadhānaghaikā (belonging to the outfit of an executioner); pāsaghaikāis a sort of magic stick or die (=pāsaka)2. a game of sticks (“tip-cat” sticks). (ghaikā ti vuccati dīgha-daṇḍakena rassa daṇḍaka-paharaa kīḷā, tip-cat).3. a stack of twigs; (a stick used as) a bolt; usually as sūcighaikāa needle-shaped stick;. cp. gaṇḍikādhāna.

Ghaikāyanta,【中】時鐘,任何測量時間的設備。

Ghaṭīghai-(to ghaa1),陰】水壺,瓦器(a jar)ghaṭīkāra,【陽】陶工。ghaṭīyanta,【中】提水的設備。

Ghaṭīyati (ghaati 的【被】), 1.被聯合,被連接(to be connected or continued)2.被障礙(to be obstructed) (=virujjhati, paihaññati)。【過】ghaṭīyi

Ghaeti (gha盡力+e), 連接,聯合,努力。【過】ghaesi。【現ghaenta。【過ghaita。【獨】ghaetvā

ghaṭṭ﹐【字根VII.】接觸(to touch)

Ghaṭṭana,【中】打擊,敲擊,侮辱。

Ghaṭṭita, (Ghaṭṭeti‘襲擊的【過) 襲擊,撞擊,犯罪。

Ghaṭṭeti (ghaṭṭ接觸+e), 襲擊(to strike),撞(to knock against),犯罪(to offend)。【過】ghaṭṭesi。【現ghaṭṭenta。【獨】ghaṭṭetvā

Ghaṇṭā(ghaṇṭā),【陰】小鈴,小寶鈴,打木,犍椎,犍槌,犍遲,健稚,鐸,鼓。yāmaghaṇḍika koṭṭetvā, 打板,敲打木塊作為報時、集眾。(一夜有三個時分(yāma))

Ghata(Vedic ghta, gh to sprinkle, moisten),【中】酥油,純淨的奶油(clarified butter)ghatasitta,【形】灑以酥油的。

Ghana1,【形】1.厚的,固體的,密集的,緊湊的(solid, compact, massive; dense, thick)。【陽】1.鍵南、羯南意為凝厚、硬肉。指第四個七日間之胎位。2.雲。ghanatama,【形】非常厚的。【陽】漆黑。ghanapuppha,【中】一件繡花的毛織床單。

Ghana2,【中】棍棒,槌,藉由打擊的一種樂器(例:鐃鈸、小手鼓、鈴、)

Ghanasāra,【陽】樟腦(camphor)

Ghanopala,【中】冰雹風暴(hailstorm)

Ghamma,【陽】熱,熱季(heat; hot season, summer)ghammajala,【中】汗,排汗。ghammābhibhūta, ghammābhitatta,【形】熱倒。

Ghara1(cp. gaha & geha),【中】住宅(a house)gharagoikā,【陰】壁虎(house lizard﹐台語:仙尪仔sian ang a2)gharadvāra,【中】家門,宅門,街門。gharabandhana,【中】成家。gharamānusa,【陽】家庭成員,家人。gharasappa(=silutta),【陽】鼠蛇(a rat snake印度一常見的鼠蛇屬(Ptyas)的蛇類,常進入內追捕獵物)sūcighara, 【中】針盒(a needle-case )gharājira,【中】院子。gharāvāsa,【陽】居家。gharasuha(=suhā)gharasuisā, 【陰】媳婦。kulaghara,【中】家門。

Ghara2(a drink (cp. gala) & garala poison) gharadinnakābādha,(sickness in consequence of a poisonous drink)gharavisa, 毒飲。gharasappa,毒蛇。

Gharaṇī(< ghara1),【陰】家庭婦女,一家的女主人(a house-wife)

Gharāvāsa,【陽】居家。Sn.(PTS:406.)Sambādhoya gharāvāso, rajassāyatana iti.(居家生活乃是齷齪、染缸。) S.16.11./II,219. ‘sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho, abbhokāso pabbajjā. Nayida sukara agāra ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇa ekantaparisuddha sakhalikhita brahmacariya caritu. Yanūnāha kesamassu ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriya pabbajeyyan’ti.(居家生活是齷齪,是污垢道;而出家是海闊天空居住在家甚難實行一向圓滿,實行一向清淨之梵行。我寧剃髮著袈裟衣,由家出家而為無家。)

ghas (ghas)﹐【字根I.(eat)

ghasa (在【合】中),【形】吃的人(eating, an eater)mahagghasa,大吃大喝者(a big eater)

ghasati (ghas+a), 吃,耗費掉(to eat)。【過】ghasi。【現ghasanta, ghasamāna。【獨】ghasitvāCp. ghasa, ghasta & ghāsa. See also jaddhu. desid. jighacchati.

ghā﹐【字根III.】嗅(to smell)

Ghāta, ghāta-(Sk. ghāta & ghātana; to han (ghan)),【陽】ghātana,【中】殺害,破壞,搶奪,盜竊。

Ghātaka, ghātī,【陽】殺人者,搶奪者,破壞者。

Ghātāpeti (ghāteti 的【使】), 令殺,使掠奪。

Ghātita, (ghāteti的【過) 殺,已破壞

Ghāteti (han+edenom. fr. ghāta, cp. Sk. ghātayati to han), 殺,宰殺,破壞(to kill, slay, slaughter)。【過】ghātesi。【現ghātenta。【獨】ghātetvā, ghātiya。【義】ghātetabba

Ghāṇa (Sk. ghrāṇa to ghrā, see ghāyati),【中】鼻子(the nose)ghāṇaviññāṇa,【中】鼻識()ghāṇindriya,【中】鼻根(味道的感官)

Ghāyati (ghā+ya), 嗅。【過】ghāyi。【現ghāyanta, ghāyamāna。【獨】ghāyitvā

Ghāyita (ghāyati‘呼喊的【過), 已嗅。

Ghāsa(Vedic ghāsa, fr. ghasati),【陽】食物,馬料(fodder),澤甜牧草。ghāsacchādana,【中】衣食。ghāsahāraka,【形】取馬料來的人。

ghus(ghu)﹐【字根VII.】呼喊(to shout)

Ghuṭṭha (ghoseti呼喊的【過】;Sk. ghuṣṭa, pp. ghu), 已宣佈,已通告。

Ghoaka,【陽】野馬(未馴服的馬)

Ghora,【形】可怕的,駭人的。ghoratara,【形】最可怕的。

Ghosa (Vedic ghoa to ghus),【陽】聲音,呼喊,發表。ghosaka,【陽】呼喊的人,宣佈的人。nigghosa,【陽】無聲,小聲。samudāhāranigghoso,【陽】小聲交談。

Ghosanā,【陰】名聲,讚美(fame, renown, praise)

Ghosāpeti (Ghoseti‘呼喊的【使】), 使宣佈。

Ghoseti (ghus呼喊+edenom. of ghosa, cp. Sk. ghoayati, caus. to ghu), 呼喊,通告,宣佈。【過】ghosesi。【過ghosita, ghuṭṭha。【現ghosenta。【獨】ghosetvā

 

 

, 巴利文字母表的第五個輔音字母,雖然這個字母被稱爲輔音,在巴利文裡,它卻只被當作韻

   尾來使用而已。發音好像漢語中韻尾的 ng

 

C

 

C, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第六個輔音字母。發音好像漢語中清音的 z

Ca, (連接詞或轉折連詞的虛詞)和,此外,既然。cettha(ca+ettha)﹐此外,這裡。

Cakita,【形】擾亂,害怕。

Cakora,【陽】鷓鴣(francolin partridge松雞)

Cakka,【中】輪子,圓周,圓盤,周期,指令。cakkakita,【形】有一個輪子的標誌。cakkapāṇī,【陽】毘瑟挐神((Vishu) 其手中有個圓盤)cakkayuga,【中】一雙輪子。cakkaratana,【中】(轉輪王的)輪寶。cakkavattī(=cakkavatti-rājan),【陽】轉輪王(又作轉輪聖王,此王擁有七寶:輪、象、馬、珠、女、居士、主兵臣,具足四德:長壽、無疾病、容貌出色、寶藏豐富;統一須彌四洲,以正法治世。)cakkasamārūḷha,【形】(在緊急中)登上了交通工具。D.30./III,142.“Dvattisimāni, bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā.  Sace agāra ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato.  Tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavanti; seyyathida, cakkaratana hatthiratana assaratana mairatana itthiratana gahapatiratana pariṇāyakaratanameva sattama.  Parosahassa kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīragarūpā parasenappamaddanā.  So ima pathavi sāgarapariyanta adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati.  Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriya pabbajati, araha hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado.(諸比丘!大人具有三十二大人相,若具足大人(),只有二趣處而無其他()。若居在家者,成為轉輪王之正法王,征服四方,安定國土,七寶具足,其七寶者,即︰輪寶、象寶、馬寶、摩尼寶、女寶、居士寶、主兵寶為第七。他有逾千王子,(皆具)勇猛與英雄氣慨,善伐敵軍。他於此大地到海邊,不用杖罰與刀刑,唯依法征服統治。然而,若他由在家而出家成為無家者,除去世間的覆障,將成為阿羅漢、正等正覺者。)

Cakkavāka, Cakkavākka,【陽】紅鵝(ruddy goose)

Cakkavāla,【陽】【中】宇宙(世界的圓周),太陽系,輪圍山,鐵圍山cakkavālagabbha,【陽】世界圓周的內部。cakkavālapabbata,【陽】環繞著地球的迴圈岩石。

Cakkhu(<cak),【中】眼睛(D.22.-12/II,404.Cakkhatīti cakkhu, rūpa assādeti.能見為,品嘗色法。)cakkhuka,【形】有眼睛的。cakkhuda, cakkhudada,【形】給() 眼的人。cakkhudhātu,【陰】眼界(即:視覺感官)cakkhupatha,【陽】視野(視覺的範圍)cakkhubhūta,【形】親眼目睹。cakkhumantu,【形】賦予眼睛的。cakkhulola,【形】貪看許多事物的(眼貪)cakkhuviññāṇa,【中】眼識(=視覺)cakkhuviññeyya,【形】是藉著視力感知的。cakkhusamphassa,【陽】眼接觸(視覺與顏色的接觸)cakkhāyatana,【中】眼處(視覺感官)cakkhindriya,【中】眼根(視覺官能)SA.35.1./II,354.cakkhunti dve cakkhūni-- ñāṇacakkhu ceva masacakkhu ca. Tattha ñāṇacakkhu pañcavidha-- Buddhacakkhu, dhammacakkhu, samantacakkhu, dibbacakkhu, paññācakkhūti. Tesu Buddhacakkhu nāma āsayānusayañāṇañceva indriyaparopariyattañāṇañca, ya-- “Buddhacakkhunā loka volokento”ti āgata. Dhammacakkhu nāma heṭṭhimā tayo maggā tīṇi ca phalāni, ya-- “Viraja vītamala dhammacakkhu udapādī”ti āgata.  Samantacakkhu nāma sabbaññutaññāṇa, ya-- “pāsādamāruyha samantacakkhū”ti āgata. Dibbacakkhu nāma ālokapharaena uppanna ñāṇa, ya-- “dibbena cakkhunā visuddhenā”ti (pārā.13 ma.ni.2.341) āgata. Paññācakkhu nāma catusaccaparicchedakañāṇa, ya-- “cakkhu udapādī”ti (sa.ni.5.1081 mahāva.15) āgata. Masacakkhupi duvidha-- sasambhāracakkhu, pasādacakkhūti. (眼有智眼和肉眼。智眼有佛,法,普眼,天,慧眼。眼即排出隨眠之智,根的超越聽聞之智那是來自--‘熟視世間眼即低下的三道三果那是來自--‘遠塵,離垢,生起法眼淨普眼即一切知智;那是來自(娑婆世界主之梵天勸請語)--‘願普眼升起歡喜。天眼即以充滿光明而生起的智;那是來自--‘以清淨的天眼眼即四聖諦的全尺度之智;那是來自--‘生起天眼肉眼有兩種,有形的眼和眼淨色。) Thag.v.501.“Cakkhumāssa yathā andho, sotavā badhiro yathā; Paññavāssa yathā mūgo, balavā dubbaloriva. Atha atthe samuppanne, sayetha matasāyikan”ti. 摩訶迦旃延上座偈(Thag.v.501)︰「有眼若瞎,有耳若聾,有慧若啞,強壯若羸,在萬事皆了時,安臥而死。(千古艱難惟一死」,能躺臥就死,平時就要有一把工夫。)《毗日用要香乳記》 (X60n1116.p202b)︰「有眼若盲,有耳若聾,以定慧成於中,禮誦行於外,形同枯木,心若死灰,如是行持,則三業自淨矣。」

Cakkhunī,【陰】眼睛。

Cakkhumant (cakkhu眼睛+mant),【陽】具眼者。cakkhumā, (m.s.Nom.)

Cakkhussa,【形】善於眼的。

Cakama,【陽】cakamana,【中】經行(行禪,即:直來直去來回地行走在特定的距離上)abbhokāse cakamāmi,我於露地經行。A.5.29./III,30.1Addhānakkhamo hoti, 2padhānakkhamo hoti, 3appābādho hoti, 4asita pīta khāyita sāyita sammā pariṇāma gacchati, 5cakamādhigato samādhi ciraṭṭhitiko hoti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca cakame ānisasā”ti.( 1耐遠行,2堪精勤,3無病,4吃喝、嚼嘗(),幫助消化,5由經行的操練而久住於定。諸比丘!這五種是經行之效益。)《南寄歸內法傳》卷第三〈二十三經行〉(T54.221.2-3):「少病五天之地,道俗多作經行,直去直來唯遵一路,隨時適性勿居鬧處。一則痊痾。二能銷食。禺中(將近中午9-11am)日昳(下午)即行時也,或可出寺長引,或於廊下徐行。若不為之身多病苦,遂令腳腫、肚腫、臂疼、髆疼。但有痰癊不銷,並是端居所致,必若能行此事,實可資身長道。故鷲山覺樹之下,鹿苑王城之內,及餘聖跡皆有世尊經行之基耳。闊可二肘長十四五肘高二肘餘,壘甎作之,上乃石灰塑作蓮花開勢。高可二肘闊纔一尺,有十四五表聖足跡,兩頭基上安小制底(小塔),量與人齊,或可內設尊容為釋迦立像,若其右繞佛殿旋遊制底,別為生福本欲虔恭,經行乃是銷散之儀,意在養身療病。舊云行道,或曰經行,則二事總包無分涇渭。遂使調適之事久闕東川,經云觀樹經行,親在金剛座側,但見真跡未睹圓基耳。」

Cakamati (kam+-a, kam 重疊,前 k 被改變成 c), 經行,行禪。【過】cakami。【現cakamanta。【獨】cakamitvā

Cagavāra,【陽】牛奶過濾器(milkstrainer)

Cagoaka (cp. cagavāra),【陽】首飾盒,匣子(a casket, a box)

Caccara (Sk. catvara),【中】庭院,院子,十字路口,交叉路(a quadrangular place, a square, courtyard; a place where four roads meet, a cross road)

Caja,【形】放棄,遺棄(giving up, to be given up)duccaja, 難放棄(hard to give up A.III,50; J.V,8.)cp. cāga()

Cajati (caj+aSk. tyajate, tyaj), 1.釋放(to let loose, to emit, to discharge)2.放棄,遺棄(to abandon, to give up, sacrifice)。【過caji。【過catta。【現cajanta, cajamāna。【獨】cajitvāgrd. caja(Sk. tyajya)

Cajana,【中】留置,放棄。

Cañcala (Intens. of cal=car, to move, with n instead of r in reduplication, cp. Sk. cañcūryate=carcarīti, cañcala (=*carcara)),【形】不穩定,移動(moving to & fro, trembling, unsteady)

Caaka,【陽】麻雀(sparrowPasser montanus)台語︰厝鳥仔

Caaka,【陽】1.鷹嘴豆(gram)(亞洲的一種草本植物(Cicer arietinum),現廣布於 西半球,短莢具 1 粒或 2 粒種子,在風味上略像豌豆。2.鷹嘴豆的種子,尤在歐洲南部和印度是重要的商品食物——亦稱栗子豆(chestnut bean),雞豆(chickpea),矮豆(dwarf pea),格巴恩韶豆 (garbanzo),格拉瓦恩斯豆(garavance),在印度亦稱克豆(gram),或孟加拉克豆(Bengal gram))

Caṇḍa(Sk. caṇḍa),【形】兇猛的,暴力的,打情罵俏的(ierce, violent; quick-tempered, uncontrolled, passionate)caṇḍasota,【陽】暴ㄆㄨˋ流。caṇḍahatthī,【陽】猛象。caṇḍasota, 猛急的水流(fierce current), caṇḍahatthi, 兇猛的象。【陰】caṇḍī

Caṇḍāla,【陽】旃陀羅(印度被剝奪種姓者),賤民。caṇḍālakula,【中】旃陀羅家族,最低的印度世襲階級。Caṇḍālakumāra﹐旃陀羅子、賤民童子。

Caṇḍālī,【陰】旃陀羅女。

Caṇḍikata (cp. Caṇḍa) ,【形】生氣(angry)

Caṇḍikka,【中】激怒(ferocity anger),粗暴、暴躁(churlishness)acaṇḍikka,【中】不殘暴,不暴躁。caṇḍikkalakkhao﹐激怒相。

Catu, Catur,【形】四。catukkaṇṇa,【形】四方形(或長方形的),有四個角落的。catukkhattu,【副】四次。catuggua,【形】四倍的,四重的,【樂】每小節四拍的。catucattāḷīsati,【陰】四十四。catujjātigandha,【陽】四種香味 〔即:橘黃色的香料、茉莉香料、老鸛草香精油 (?)(來自命名 Turukkha 土耳其植物的香料)、一種希臘花香料〕。catuttisati,【陰】三十四。catuddasa,【形】十四。catuddisā,【陰】四方(東南西北)。【形】catudvāra,【形】有四個門的。catunavuti,【陰】九十四。catupaccaya,【陽】四件必需品,即:食物,衣服,藥和寄宿處。catupaṇṇāsā, catupaññāsā,【陰】五十四。catuparisā,【陰】四重集會,即:比丘,比丘尼,優婆塞,優婆夷。catuparisamajjha,【陽】群眾當中。catubhūmika,【形】有四層的,有四階段的。catumadhura,【中】四合一甘藥,即:酥油,蜂蜜,糖和麻油。caturagika,【形】四區的,四組的。caturaginī,【陰】四軍,即:象,戰車,騎兵和步兵的軍隊。caturagula,【形】四寸的。caturassa,【形】四邊形的。caturasa,【形】有四邊緣的。caturāsīti,【陰】八十四。catuvīsati,【陰】二十四。catuvīsatakkhara﹐二十四音節。catusaṭṭhi,【陰】六十四。catusattati,【陰】七十四。

Catukka,【中】四個一組,交叉道路。

Catuttha,【形】第四的。

Cattutthī,【陰】一個半月的第四天,(巴利語法)第四格,即:與事格。

Catudhā,【副】以四方式。

Catuppada,【陽】四腳動物。

Catubbidha(catu+vidha種類),【形】四種的。

Catura,【形】聰明的,熟練的,精明的。

Catta (cajati 的【過), 已放棄,已犧牲。

Cattāḷīsati,【陰】四十。cattālīsakoidhana, 四十億財產。

Cattāri iddhipādā(catvāra-ddhi-pāda),【中】四如意足,四神足(four bases of success -- desire, persistence, intentness, circumspection)chandasamādhippadhānasakhārasamannāgata iddhipāda(chanda-samādhi-prahāṇa-saskāra-samanvāgata-ddhipāda)﹐欲三摩地斷行成就神足)citta-s.(citta-s.)﹐心三摩地斷行成就神足;vīriya-s.(vīrya-s.)﹐勤三摩地斷行成就神足;vīmasā-s.(mīmāṃsā-s.)﹐觀三摩地斷行成就神足。四神足的體性是定,定是神通所依止的,所以稱為神足。

Cattāri sammappadhānā(catvāri-sammapprahāṇāni),【中】四正斷、四正勝、四正勤(four right exertions -- the effort (a)to prevent evil from arising in the mind, (b)to abandon whatever evil has already arisen, (c)to give rise to the good, and (d)to maintain the good that has arisen))S.49.1-12./V,244.Cattārome, bhikkhave, sammappadhānā. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannāna pāpakāna akusalāna dhammāna anuppādāya 1chanda, 2janeti vāyamati, 3vīriya ārabhati, 4citta paggahāti padahati. Uppannāna pāpakāna akusalāna dhammāna pahānāya 1chanda, janeti 2vāyamati, 3vīriya ārabhati, 4citta paggahāti padahati. Anuppannāna kusalāna dhammāna uppādāya chanda 1chanda, janeti 2vāyamati, 3vīriya ārabhati, 4citta paggahāti padahati. Uppannāna kusalāna dhammāna hitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā 1chanda, janeti 2vāyamati, 3vīriya ārabhati, 4citta paggahāti padahati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro sammappadhānāti”.(諸比丘!有此四正勤。什麼是四?諸比丘!於此,比丘使未生之惡不善法令不生,1起欲、2精進、3發奮、4鞭策心。已生之惡不善法令斷,1起欲、2精進、3發奮、4鞭策心。為對未生之善法令生,1起欲、2精進、3發奮、4鞭策心。為對已生之善法令住、不忘失、倍修習、廣修習、令圓滿,1起欲、2精進、3發奮、4鞭策心。諸比丘!此為四正勤。)

Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā(n.p.),四念處,四念住(Foundation of mindfulness; frame of reference(--body(), feelings(), mind(), and mental events(), viewed in and of themselves as they occur)

Cana, cana, 以表達全部之一部分的虛詞,例: Kudācana, 有時。

Canda(candra),【陽】月亮。candaggāha,【陽】月蝕。candamaṇḍala,【中】圓月。Cadavasa(candra-vaṃśa),【陽】月統。

Candana,【陽】檀香(sandal-wood tree産生檀香木的喬木 (Santalum album))。【中】檀香木。candasāra,【陽】檀香木(台語:束柴sok4 cha5)

Candanikā,【陰】池塘(a pool at the entrance of a village (usually, but not necessarily dirty))candanikāya, 池塘。

Candavāro﹐【陽】星期一(日語:月曜日getsuyōbi)

Candikā(Sk. capala),【陰】月光。

Candimā(Sk. candramas m. & candrimā f., cp. pūrimā; a cpd. of canda+mā, cp. māsa. The Pāli form, however, is based on a supposed derivation fr. canda+mant),【陽】月亮。candimāpabhā,月光。

Capala,【形】變化多端,擺動,不穩定(moving to & fro, wavering, trembling, unsteady, fickle)capalatā,【陰】變化多端。

Capu (or capucapu),【副】喳哺喳哺(擬聲詞,當吃時,發出如此聲音)capucapukāraka, 喳哺喳哺作聲。

Camara, camarī,【陽】(在喜瑪拉雅區域中的)公犛牛(a chowrie, the tail of bos grunniens used as a whisk)。犛牛之尾若為某物所綁住,至死都不會為爭脫而寧斷其尾,故有「犛牛愛尾」之說。(Bu.p.13.)

 

 

Camū,【陰】軍隊。camūpaticamūnātha,【陽】軍隊的將軍。

Campaka,【陽】瞻波迦、旃簸迦,黃蘭(東印度〔樟科〕的一種喬木 (Michelia Champaca),花黃色(瞻蔔華,素馨花),可用作香料的油)KhA.181.Tesañhi campakavakulakusumādīna sahajātavaṇṇagandhādayo viya.(俱生的戒德等功德)

Campā,【陰】瞻波城(印度的一個城名,現在的 Bhagalpore)

Campeyyaka,【形】瞻波城的。

Camma (carman),【中】皮膚,獸皮,皮革。cammakāra,【陽】製革工人。cammakhaṇḍa,【陽】皮墊子。cammapasibbaka,【陽】皮袋。0

Caya,【陽】成堆,堆積,(mass)

Cara (<carati), 【形】行。【中】1.走路,走路的人(或動物)行者。2.間諜。【陽】的【2sg.命】。

Cara, ‘的【現(m.s.Nom.)

Caraka, 參考 Cara

Caraa,【中】步行,腳,行爲,舉止。abhiaraa,【中】訪問(visiting)

Carati (car+a), 走路,漫遊,舉止,練習,運行。【過】cari。【過carita。【現caranta, caramāna。【獨】caritvā【過ciṇṇaatha kiñcarahi, 若然(如果是這樣的話)

Carāpeti (Carati的【使】), 使移動,使練習,流通。【過】carāpetesi

Carita,【中】1.個性,行爲。2.生活。

Cacidaritu,【陽】表演者,觀察者。

ca pana, (ca並且+pana), 而且。

Carita(Carati的【過), 性行(temperament)。《清淨道論》(Vism.101.-110)六種性行(six kinds of temperament)

六種性行適應的業處

 

  

適合者

 

 

  

適合者

 

 

 

地遍︰以泥土當對象

一切

 

佛隨念︰念佛是阿羅漢等功德

水遍︰以水當對象

一切

法隨念︰念法是親見等功德

火遍︰以火當對象

一切

僧隨念︰念僧是正直等功德

風遍︰以風吹動當對象

一切

戒隨念︰念戒是無瑕等功德

青遍︰以青色當對象

捨隨念︰念布施功德

黃遍︰以黃色當對象

天隨念︰念天人乃修善而生

赤遍︰以紅色當對象

死隨念︰念死而覺知無常

白遍︰以白色當對象

寂止隨念︰念涅槃的寂靜

光明遍︰以光當對象

一切

身至念︰念32種身體成份

虛空遍︰以空間當對象

一切

安那般那念︰專注呼吸

.

 

 

 

膨脹相︰看膨脹的屍体

慈無量心︰散發慈愛給眾生

青瘀相︰看青瘀的屍体

悲無量心︰散發悲憫給眾生

冷漠

膿爛相︰看膿爛的屍体

喜無量心︰散發隨喜給眾生

瞋、嫉

斷壞相︰看斷壞的屍体

捨無量心︰平等心對待眾生

偏頗

食殘相︰看動物吃剩屍体

四無色定

空無邊︰念遍相的空隙空、空

一切

散亂相︰看屍体的散落

識無邊︰專注空無邊之禪心

一切

斬斫相︰看被砍斷的屍体

無所有︰念識無邊空掉

一切

血塗相︰看流血的屍体

非想非非想︰念無所有寂靜

一切

蟲聚相︰看蛆蟲爬滿屍体

食厭想︰厭惡食物

骸骨相︰看白骨

四界差別︰修硬.軟、冷.熱等

 

Carima, carimaka,【形】最後的,後來的。

Cariya,【中】操行,行爲。cariyā,【陰】。

cal(cal )【字根I.】移動。→Calati(顫動)

Cala,【形】移動的,顫抖的,不穩定的。calacitta,【中】變幻無常的心。

Calati (cal移動+a), 移動,激起,戰慄,被激動。【過】cali。【過calita。【現calanta, calamāna。【獨】calitvā

Calana,【中】運動,發抖,激動。

Cavati (cu+a), 背離(fall away),改變(to shift),從一生轉到另一生。【過】cavi。【過cuta。【現cavanta, cavamāna。【獨】cavitvāAA.11.16./V,83~4.Uttari appaivijjhantoti mettāsamāpattito uttari arahatta adhigantu asakkonto ito cavitvā suttappabuddho viya brahmaloka upapajjatīti.(未貫通上位︰由慈三摩缽地,不能達到上位的阿羅漢狀態,從此生(結束如)睡熟,轉生梵天界如睡醒。)

Cavana,【中】1.改變(shifting)2.背離(falling away)3.死亡(death)

Caviya, 從一生轉到另一生(=cavitvāDA.30./III,929.Caviyāti cavitvā)caviya puna-r-idhāgato= cavitvā puna idhāgato =cavitvā punarāgato idha((命終)轉生來此世)

Cassa(ca+assa)﹐和可能是,和給這個的,和給他。(assa,【三..潛】可能是。)(assaima 的【與..單】)給這個,給這個的。)

Cāya(ca+ayaṁ)﹐這和

Cāga (from cajati, to give up; Sk. tyāga< tyāj拋棄),【陽】捨施(台語sia2 si3)放棄(abondoning),捨(giving up),拋棄(台語:扌穴hiat kak8),捐棄(說文解字︰「捐」棄也)cāgādhiṭṭhāna, 捨決意(the resolution of generosity, D.33./III,229cāgānussati, 捨施隨念。cāgakathā, 捨論(talk about munificencecāgadhana, 捨財(七聖財之一,另外六個︰saddhādhana, sīladhana, hiridhana, ottappadhana, sutadhana, paññādhanacāgasampadā (&cāgasampanna捨成就)

Cāgānussati (Sk. tyāgānusmti),【陰】捨施隨念。A.6.10./III,286.ariyasāvako attano cāga anussarati-- ‘lābhā vata me, suladdha vata me! Yoha maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitāya pajāya vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāra ajjhāvasāmi 1muttacāgo 2payatapāṇi 3vossaggarato 4yācayogo 5dānasavibhāgarato’ti.(聖弟子隨念自己的施捨:「哇!我得利。哇!我有善利。我於慳.垢所纏眾中,心離慳.垢而住家,(1)開放施,(2)舒手施,(3)樂棄捨,(4)有求必應,(5)樂分配施。」

Cāgin(Sk. tyāgin),【陽】放棄的人,捐贈者,捨者。

Cāṭi,【陰】廣口瓶(jar),壺(pot)

Cāṭukamyatā,【陰】諂媚(flattery),台語︰thiam2 bi7

Cātaka,【陽】(亞洲南部的)犀鳥(hornbill亞洲共擁有31種犀鳥)

Cātuddasī,【陰】(陰曆)半個月的第 14 日。

cātuddasa,【陽】(陰曆)半個月的第 14 日。

Cātuddisa,【形】四方的。

Cātuddīpaka,【形】包含的四大洲,廣泛於整個地球的。

Cātummahāpatha,【陽】四條道路的交叉處,十字路口。

Cātummahābhūtika,【形】四大(),四大元素(cattāri mahābhūtāni四大種,梵catvāri mahābhūtāni。包括:地大(pahavi-mahābhūtapthivī-mahādhātu)、水大(āpo-mahābhūta,梵ab-mahādhātu)、火大(巴同tejo-mahābhūta)、風大(vāyo-mahābhūta,梵vāyu-mahādhātu)。四大所造色(catunna mahābhūtānaupādāya rūpa)為四大的衍生物,包括顏色(vaṇṇa)、聲音(sadda)、氣味(gandha)、味道(rasa)等。

Cātummahārājika,【形】四大王天的。cātummahārājika devā, 四大王天。四王天各鎮護一天下,護世四天王。()多羅吒(Dhata-raṭṭha;梵Dhitarāṣṭra),又稱持國天,統領乾闥婆與毘舍闍神將,鎮護東方。()毘琉璃(VirūḷhakaVirūḍhaka),又稱增長天,統領鳩槃荼與薜荔神,鎮護南方(即吾人所居之贍部洲)()毘留博叉(Virūpāka),又稱廣目天,統領一切諸龍,鎮護西方。()毘沙門(VessavaaVaiśravaa),又稱多聞天,統領夜叉、羅剎等,鎮護北方。《佛說長阿含經》卷第十八(T1.115.1)︰「捶高四萬二千由旬,四天大王所居宮殿。」《起世經》卷第九(T1.356.2)︰「次復更於須彌山王東西南北半腹之間。四萬二千由旬處所。為四大天王。造作宮殿。城壁垣牆。皆是七寶。端嚴殊妙。雜色可觀。」

Cāturiya,【中】技術,精明。

Cāpa,【陽】弓。

Cāpalla, Cāpalya, (< capala, Sk. cāpalya),【中】變幻無常(fickleness)輕佻

Cāmara,【中】蠅撣,蠅拂,拂塵(柄端紮犁牛尾的用具)

Cāmīkara,【中】黃金。

Cāra(<car carati to move about),【陽】運動,行動,推移,去(motion, walking, going; doing, behaviour, action, process)kāmacāra, 欲行(going at will)pamādacāra, 放逸行(a slothful life)piṇḍacāra, 乞食行(alms-begging) sabbaratticāro,(wandering all night, S.9.9./I,201)anavatthacārika, 無目的遊行(A.5.221./III,257.)cāravihāra,行止(doing & behaving, i. e. good conduct)

Cāraka (cārika) ,【形】移動的(wandering about, living, going, behaving, always -cāraka, like ākāsacāraka, niketacāraka, purecāraka (see pubbagama), vanacāraka, -- f. cārikā journey, wandering, esp. as cārika carati to go on alms-pilgrimage; cārakañ pakkamati to set out wandering.

Cāraka,【形】使移動的人,使行動的人。【陽】監獄。

Cāraa(=cāraka),【中】【形】使移動,使行動,管理。

Cārikā,【陰】旅程,遊行,遊蕩。A.5.221./III,257.“Pañcime bhikkhave, ādīnavā dīghacārika anavatthacārika anuyuttassa viharato. Katame pañca? 1Assuta na suṇāti, 2suta na pariyodāpeti, 3sutenekaccena avisārado hoti, 4gāḷha rogātaka phusati, 5na ca mittavā hoti.(諸比丘!這五種是屢次作長遊行、無目的遊行者之過失。以何為五?即:1不聞未聞;2已聞()不淨化;3於已聞的那一部分無自信;4受重病患;及5沒有朋友。)

Cāritta,【中】習慣,行爲,練習,號召。

Cārī,【形】(在【合】中) 演戲,實習,生活,舉止。

Cāru,【形】迷人的,美麗的,愉快的。cārudassana,【形】視爲可愛的。

Cāreti (carati 的【使】), 出發,放牧,感官享受。【過】cāresi。【過cārita。【現cārenta。【獨】cāretvā

Cāla,【陽】震驚,突然激動。

Cāleti (calati 的【使】), 使動搖,使搖動,使激動。【過】cālesi。【過cālita。【現cālenta, cālayamāna。【獨】cāletvā

Cālanī (to cālana of calaka2) ,【陰】(搗研用的)杵,碾槌,研缽(a pestle, a mortar Vin.I,202 (in cuṇṇacālanī & dussacālanī, cp. saha))

Cāvanā,【陰】使改變(moving, shifting, disappearance)

Cāveti (cavati脫離的【使】), 使脫離,驅趕,使分心(to bring to fall, move, drive away; disturb, distract)。【過】cāvesi。【過cāvita。【現cāventa。【獨】cāvetvāhānā cāveti,(舉離本處)

Cāveyya (<cavati‘脫離’),【祈】使脫離。

-ci, -cana﹐不定疑問虛詞,表達「泛稱」或「不確定的指稱」,某一(someone)、任一(anyone)。例:koci = 任何人,無論誰。

ci(ci )﹐【字根V.】收集(to collect)

Cikkhalla,【中】泥沼,泥,沼澤。

Cigulaka,【中】一個用棕櫚葉等製的飛輪。

Cigulāyati (cigula 的【派】), 旋轉。

Cicciṭāyati,【擬】發出噓聲,嘶嘶響,發出吱吱聲。

Ciñcā,【陰】羅望子(tamarind豆科常綠喬木 (Tamarindus indica);羅望子果,酸莢〔做清涼飲料等用〕馬來文:pokok asam jawa)

Ciṇṇa (cināti 的【過), 已熟練,已經常做。

cit(cit)﹐【字根VII.】想(to think)

Cita (cināti 的【過), 已堆積,已排列,已覆以一層不同的東西。

Citaka,【陽】火葬用柴木。

Citi,【陰】堆,石堆紀念碑,石塚,堆石界標。

Citta1Citra,【形】雜色的,多樣化的,多種形式的,美麗的。【中】畫,照片。cittakata,【形】裝飾的,心造的。cittakathika, cittakathī,【形】有才氣的演說者,雄辯家。cittakamma,【中】繪畫,畫的藝術,裝飾品。cittakāra,【陽】畫家,裝飾者。cittatara,【形】更不同的,更多元化的。cittāgāra,【中】畫廊。cittaniyāma,【陽】心的定律(Mohavicchedanī斷除愚痴(CS:p.78)Yathāvuttena bhavagāvajjanādikiccakkameneva cittappavatti cittaniyāmo nāma.(有分、轉向等作用,以心生起的方式進行,稱為心的定律」。) Dhs.#11.Katamā tasmi samaye cittassekaggatā hoti? Yā tasmi samaye cittassa 1hiti 2saṇṭhiti 3avaṭṭhiti 4avisāhāro 5avikkhepo 6avisāhaamānasatā 7samatho 8samādhindriya 9samādhibala 10sammāsamādhi--aya tasmi samaye cittassekaggatā hoti.(《法集論》:在此時什麽是心一境性?此時是凡是心1住、2等住、3堅住、4不散、5不亂、6不散亂性、7奢摩他、8定根、9定力、10正定--即此時是心一境性))) 《法集論注釋》(殊勝義)(CS:DhsA.pg.188):「一境性之義,住於所緣上,不能動搖,為。」(Ekaggatāniddese acalabhāvena ārammae tiṭṭhatīti hiti.)此外,相應法所緣上,已組合之後而住立,為等住。」(Apica sampayuttadhamme ārammaamhi sampiṇḍetvā tiṭṭhatīti saṇṭhiti.)於所緣上,已潛入,已進入,為堅住。」(Ārammaa ogāhetvā anupavisitvā tiṭṭhatīti avaṭṭhiti.)生起掉舉、疑,心煩意亂的相反,為不散。處於掉舉、疑、擾亂已離去的心。」(Uddhacca-vicikicchā-vasena pavattassa visāhārassa paipakkhato avisāhāro. Uddhaccavicikicchāvaseneva gacchanta citta vikkhipati nāma.)處於掉舉、疑、擾亂已離去的心。如此,這種不擾亂,為不亂。」(Uddhaccavicikicchāvaseneva gacchanta citta vikkhipati nāma. Aya pana tathāvidho vikkhepo na hotīti avikkhepo.)

Citta2(<cit思;Sk. citta, orig. pp. of cinteti, cit),【中】【陽】心( the heart (psychologically)),想法。Nom. citta; Gen. (Dat.) cetaso (44) & cittassa (9); Instr. cetasā (42) & cittena (3); Loc. citte (2) & cittamhi (2). -- Nom. citta. Gen. cittassa only (of older passages) in c° upakkileso S III.232; V.92; A I.207; c° damatho & c° vasena. Instr. cittena (cittena nīyati loko). Loc. citte(samāhite citte); cittamhi only S I.129 & cittasmi. -- Plural only in Nom. cittāni (āsavehi cittāni (vi) muccisuthey purified their hearts from intoxications”cittakkhepa,【陽】發狂,思想擾亂。cittajaṭṭhamakarūpa【中】心生八法聚。cittapassaddhi,【陰】心輕安,心平靜。cittamudutā,【陰】心柔軟性,心的可塑性。cittavikkhepa,【陽】瘋狂。cittasantāpa,【陽】悲傷。cittasamatha,【陽】心鎮定。cittanupassanā,【陰】心評論。cittābhoga,【陽】考慮。cittujjukatā,【陰】(citta)的正直性cittuttrāsa,【陽】恐怖,恐懼。cittuppāda,【陽】心生起。cittakāgata(cittaikāgrata)心一境性。SA.4.25.Suvimuttacittoti arahattaphalavimuttiyā suṭṭhu vimuttacitto.(心得善解脫:阿羅漢果解脫是善心解脫)DhsA.CS:p.92Cintanaṭṭhena cittā, vicittaṭṭhena vā cittā.(以思想之義,為;以考慮之義,為)

Citta3﹐【陽】制多月(月份名,大約在三月至四月之間,農曆216315)

Cittaka,【中】紋身,紋在額上的一個宗派標誌。

Cittakammaññatā【陰】心適業性去除心(citta)的不適業性(akammaññabhāva)

Cittakkhaa﹐心識剎那(心識生uppāda、住hiti、滅bhaga的時間),非常短暫的;在彈指間,即有數百億個心識剎那(SA.12.61./II,99.)

Cittamudutā【陰】心柔軟性去除心(citta)的僵硬性(thambha)

Cittatā,【陰】上色,彩色,(在【合】中) 如此的心。

Cittapaguññatā【陰】心練達性,使心健全。

Cittapassaddhi【陰】心輕安平靜心(citta)的不安(daratha)

Cittalapabbata,【陽】結旦羅山,羯但羅山,莊嚴山(斯里蘭卡的一座著名佛寺)

Cittalahutā【陰】心輕快性去除心(citta)的沉重(garubhāva)

Cittavīthi【陰】心路過程,六根緣取六境時,所產生識知的過程。心路過程之外的心,即:結生心、有分心、死亡心

Cittasakhāra【陽】心行。S.41.6./IV,294.“Saññāvedayitanirodha samāpajjantassa kho, gahapati, bhikkhuno vacīsakhāro pahama nirujjhati, tato kāyasakhāro, tato cittasakhāro”ti.(居士入想受滅定之比丘先滅語行然後滅身行再滅心行。) SA.41.6./III,93.Cittappaibaddhattā cittena sakharīyati nibbattīyatīti cittasakhāro. (心與心連接令行,令産生,為心行) SA.41.6./III,94.ekūnatisacetanāpi, saññā ca vedanā cāti ime dve dhammāpi cittasakhārotveva vuccanti.(包括二十九心(12不善心,8大善心,5色界心,4無色界心),及想、受這二法稱為心行)

Cittasamuṭṭhānarūpa【中】心生色(或心等起色)從結生心(paisandhi)之後的第一個有分心的「生時」(uppāda)開始產生心生色。結生心不能產生心生色,在投生時只有業生色(kammasamuṭṭhānarūpa)生起。

Cittā,【陰】角宿(二十七星宿之一)

Cittīkāra,【陽】尊敬,考慮。

Citra,形】雜色的,多樣化的,美麗的。參考 Citta 2

Cināti (ci+nā), 堆積,收集,累積。【過】cini,【過cita。【現cinanta, cinamana。【獨】cinitvā

cint(cint)﹐【字根VII.】想(to think)

Cintaka, cintanaka,【形】考慮周到的,深思的。【陽】思想者。

Cintā,【陰】Cintana,【中】思想,思考,考慮。cintāmai,【陽】如意珠寶。cintāmaya,【形】由想法所組成的,心造的。

Cintita (cinteti 的【過), 已想出,已發明,已設計。

Cintī,【形】(在【合】中) 思考。

Cintetabba,【義】可以思考的。

Cinteti (cint+e), 思考,反省,考慮。【過】cintesi。【現cintenta, cintayamāna。【獨】cintetvā, cintiyacinteyyam, fpp. n.Acc.sg.cintaye, Opt.3sg.

Cinteyya,【形】應該考慮的。

Cimilikā,【陰】套,例:枕頭等的套。

Cira, cima【形】持久的。cirakāla,【副】長久。ciraṭṭhitika,【形】持久的,永久的。ciratara,【副】更長久。ciranivāsin,【形】長久居民。cirapabbajita, ciradikkhita,【形】出家長久的。cirappavāsī,【形】離家長久的人。ciraratta,【副】長久。cirarattāya,【副】有很長的一段時間。

Cira, cima【副】()長久地。

Cirassa,【副】很長久地,最後。

Cirāya,【副】以長久地。

Cirāyati (cira 的【派】), 逗留,延遲。【過】cirāyi。【過cirāyita。【現cirāyanta。【獨】cirāyitva

Cirena,【副】在長久之後。

Cihaciha(=Vihaviha)(for vihaga)一種鳥(a sort of bird)(Th.1,49.)

Cīnapiṭṭha,【中】鉛丹(四氧化三鉛 Pb3O4)

Cīnaraṭṭha,【中】中國(China)

Cīra, cīraka,【中】纖維,長條,樹皮衣。

Cīrī,【陰】蟋蟀(cricket)cīrīḷikāsadda,蟋蟀聲(《中阿含經》作:支離彌梨蟲聲)

Cīvara,【中】【陽】【陰】袈裟(=kāsāya, kasāva,【中】袈裟)(出家人的)衣。cīvarakaṇṇa,【中】袈裟的下擺cīvarakamma,【中】縫袈裟,做袈裟。cīvarakāra,【陽】袈裟的設計者,製造袈裟者。cīvaradāna,【中】捐贈袈裟。cīvaradussa,【中】袈裟布料。cīvarajju,【陰】曬衣繩。cīvaravasa,【陽】曬衣竹竿。tīni cīvarāni﹐三衣。包括:僧伽梨(saghāṭi大衣)、安陀會(antaravāsaka下著之衣,裙)、鬱多羅僧(uttarāsga上著之衣)。三衣又總稱為袈裟(kāsāya)acchinnacīvaro被偷的衣。

Cuṇṇa,【中】粉,石膏(主要的成分是哪一生石灰和沙子;主要地被用於建 築物,但是也適用於皮膚當做一種肥皂在沐浴方面搽粉於),肥皂粉。cuṇṇavicuṇṇa,【形】壓碎,粉碎。

Cuṇṇaka,【中】香粉。cuṇṇakajāta。【形】變成粉的。cuṇṇakacālanī,【陰】篩子。

Cuṇṇita, (Cuṇṇeti的【過) (),壓破

Cuṇṇeti (cuṇṇ+e), 磨,使成粉末,壓破。【過】cuṇṇesi。【現cuṇṇenta。【獨】cuṇṇetvā。【過cuṇṇīyati

Cuta, (cavati 的【過)已死。

Cuti (cyuti, to cavati),【陰】改變(shifting),死(passing away),消失(vanishing),脫離。D.22./II,305.“Katamañca, bhikkhave, maraa? Ya tesa tesa sattāna tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā 1cuti 2cavanatā 3bhedo 4antaradhāna 5maccu 6maraa 7kālakiriyā 8khandhāna bhedo 9kaevarassa nikkhepo 10jīvitindriyassupacchedo, ida vuccati, bhikkhave, maraa.(復次,諸比丘!什麼是呢?凡是各種有情(sattāna已執著者),於各種有情部類之1脫離(cuti f.)2脫離狀態(cavanatā f.)3迸裂(bhedo m.)4消失(antaradhāna n.)5(maccu m.)6死亡(maraa n.)7死期到(kālakiriyā f.)8諸蘊之迸裂(khandhāna bhedo m.)9身軀的拋下(kaevarassa nikkhepo m.)10命根全斷(jīvitindriyassupacchedo m.),這被叫做’(ida vuccati maraa)) S.22.95./III,143.“Imañca kāya ārabbha, bhūripaññena desita;  Pahāna tiṇṇa dhammāna, rūpa passatha chaḍḍita. “Āyu usmā ca viññāṇa, yadā kāya jahantima; Apaviddho tadā seti, parabhatta acetana. (此身之依存,廣慧者所說,若了斷三法,當視為棄物;當壽暖及識,若離此身時,永遠遺棄臥,不思食他物。)【反】upapatti(顯現﹑往生)

Cuticitta﹐死心(脫離心),死亡前最後一顆剎那心識。《阿毘達摩義廣釋》(Vibhv.)(CS:p.125)Nibbattabhavato parigahana cutikicca.(從已生的狀態,進入不存在,為死心作用) maraṇāsannavīthi(maraa+āsanna接近+vīthi心路過程), 臨死心路過程

Cudita, (codeti 的【過)已刺激,已責備,已鼓動。

Cuditaka,【陽】被告。【形】被責備的。

Cuddasa,【形】十四。cuddasama﹐第十四。

Cundakāra,【陽】車床工。

Cubuka,【中】下巴(chin)

cumb(cumb, cp.nis, )﹐【字根I.】吻(to kiss)

Cumbaa, cumbaaka,【中】墊,卷。

Cumbati (cumb+a), (台語:唚cim)。【過】cumbi。【過cumbita。【現cumbanta, cumbamāna。【獨】cumbitvā

cur(cur)﹐【字根VII.】偷(to steal)

Culla & cūḷa (Sk. kulla=kudra),【形】小的,未成年人(small, minor)cullantevāsika,【陽】頁。cullapitu,【陽】叔父(an uncle (“lesser” father=sort of father,)cullupaṭṭhāka,【陽】私人隨從,侍童。

Cūcuka,【中】乳頭(nipple),奶頭(teat)

Cūla,形】小的,未成年人。參考 culla

Cūḷā,【陰】冠,頂髻,髦(古時幼兒剃光頭只留下垂在前額一小髻的頭髮),雞冠。cūḷāmani,【陽】王冠,帶狀頭飾,珠寶冠。

Cūḷikā,【陰】髮髻。

Ce, 如果(conditional particle “if,” )

Cea, ceaka,【陽】小男僕。

Ceikā, ceṭī,【陰】小女僕。

Ceta,【陽】【中】(mano-group), 心意,意圖,意向。

Cetanā(<ceteti<cit),【陰】思、意圖(intention)A.6.63./III,415.Cetanāha, bhikkhave, kamma vadāmi. Cetayitvā kamma karoti--kāyena vācāya manasā.(諸比丘!我說是業,思已而以身、語、意造業。)

Cetayati (cit+aya), 感知(to perceive),想(to think)。【過】cetayi。【過cetayita。【獨】cetetvā, cetayitvā

Cetasa,【形】(在【合】中) 有目的的。pāpacetasa = 邪惡心意。

Cetasika(belonging to ceto, mental (opp. kāyika physical)),【形】心理的(mental)。【中】心所 (a mental property, 心的因子、心的伴隨物) Ekuppādanirodhā(eka() + uppāda + nirodha) ca, ekālambaavatthukā(eka+ ālambaa+ vatthuka). Cetoyuttā dvipaññāsa dhammā cetasikā matā. (被了知為五十二個心所法與心相應同生、同滅,同所緣、同所依。)

Cetaso, 心的(sg.Gen. of ceto)

Cetāpeti (ci+āpe), 交換,交易,等值(to get in exchange, to barter, buy)

Cetāpana, Cetāpanna, (cp. BSk. cetanika)﹐【中】等值,等值品(barter)

Cetiya(cp. from ci, to heap up, cp. citi, cināti)﹐【中】紀念碑,塔,音譯:窣堵波(a tumulus, sepulchral monument, cairn)cetiyagaa,【中】塔周圍的空間。cetiyagabbha,【陽】塔的圓頂。cetiyapabbata,【陽】塔山(錫蘭〔斯里蘭卡〕的一座山的名字,現在的 Mihintale)rukkhacetiya﹐樹下之祠廟。

Ceteti (=Cetayati), 感知(to perceive),想(to think)

Ceto, ceto-, 心,ceta 【合】中的詞形。only the Gen. cetaso & the Instr. cetasā are in usecetokhila,【中】處於不被使用或不工作狀態,浪費心意。cetopaidhi,【陰】決議,熱望。cetopariyañāṇa,【中】他心智(瞭解他人的想法)cetopasāda,【陽】意悅,心喜悅。cetovimutti,【陰】心解脫。cetosamatha,【陽】心平靜。cetaso Gen. sg.

Cela,【中】布料,衣服。celavitāna,【中】遮陽篷。celaukkhepa,【陽】揮動衣服(一個喝采的徵兆)

Coca,【陽】香蕉(banana)cocapāna,【中】香蕉飲料。

Codaka,【陽】原告(plaintiff),指責的人,控訴者,難詰者。A.5.167./III,196.(cf. Vin.Cv.II,249.Pari.V,161.):舍利弗尊者說:難詰比丘若欲難詰他人,須於內心想起五法,方可諫誨(勸誡)他人。1.kālena vakkhāmi, no akālena(我須適時而語,非非時)2.bhūtena vakkhāmi, no abhūtena(我須以真實而語,非以非真實)3.sahena vakkhāmi, no pharusena(我須以柔軟而語,非麤硬)4.atthasahitena vakkhāmi, no anatthasahitena(我須為利益而語,非為無利益)5.mettacitto vakkhāmi, no dosantaro(我須以慈心而語,非懷瞋)

Codetukāma,

Codanā,【陰】譴責,控告,訴苦。

Codita, (codeti的【過) 敦促,難詰,責備,鼓動

Codeti (cud+e), 責備,數落,鼓動,敦促,刺激(to urge, incite, exhort; to reprove, reprimand, to call forth, to question)。【過】codesi, acodayi (J.V,112)。【現codenta, codayamāna。【獨】codetvā, codiya。【不】codetu。。【義】codetabba。【被】cujjati, codiyati。【過cudita & codita 【使】codāpeti (Vin. III,165)A.5.167./III,196.(1)Kālena vakkhāmi, no akālena; (2)bhūtena vakkhāmi, no abhūtena; (3)sahena vakkhāmi, no pharusena; (4)atthasahitena vakkhāmi, no anatthasahitena; (5)mettacitto vakkhāmi, no dosantaro . Codakena, āvuso, bhikkhunā para codetukāmena ime pañca dhamme ajjhatta upaṭṭhāpetvā paro codetabbo.((舍利弗尊者說:)一、我將適當時說,非不適當時。二、我將以真實說,非以虛偽。三、我將以柔軟說,非粗硬。四、我將為利益說,非為無利益。五、我將以慈心說,非懷瞋。諫誨比丘若欲諫誨他人,須於內心想起五法,方可諫誨他人。)

Codetar (Codetu)(n. ag. to codeti),【陽】原告、控訴者(one who reproves, one who exacts blame, etc. Vin.V,184.)參考 Codaka

Copana (cup, copati to stir, rel. to kup, see kuppati),【中】攪拌,攪動(moving, stirring)

Cora (cur, corayati to steal; Dhtp.530=theyye),【陽】小偷,強盜,罪犯(a thief, a robber)coraghātaka,【陽】罪犯的劊子手(cf. vadhaka, m. vajjhaghāta m.coraghāta m.)corupaddava,【陽】來自強盜的攻擊。mahācora,【陽】大盜。

Corikā,【陰】竊盜(thieving, theft;Vin.I,208; J.III,508; Miln.158; PvA.4, 86, 192; VvA.72 (=theyyā))

Coriya,【中】偷(theft)cf. Theyya

Corī,【陰】女小偷(a female thief Vin.IV,276; J.II,363; (adj.) thievish, deceitful J.I,295.)dārakacorī, 綁架兒童的女綁匪(a female kidnapper J.VI,337)

Corovassika at Nd2 40 (p. 85) read terovassika (as S.IV,185).

Colaka, Coaka(=cola),【中】布料,碎布。

Coa (& Coa) (Cp. Sk. coa),【陽】(a piece of cloth, a rag )coabhisi, 墊布(a mat spread with a piece of cloth (as a seat) Vin.IV,40)duccola,(clad in rags, badly dressed Vin.I,109; III,263.)

Coaraṭṭha,【中】矬拉國(Coa 的國家在印度南部)

Coiya,【形】矬拉國的。

 

ch

 

Ch, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第七個輔音字母。發音好像漢語中清音的 ch

Cha, Cha (Vedic a & a (a=cha)),【形】六。chakkhattu,【副】六次。chacattāḷīsati,【陰】四十六。chadvārika,【形】六門的(感官六門,即:眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意)chanavuti,【陰】九十六。chapaññāsā,【陰】五十六。chabbaggiya,【形】六個一群或六個一夥的。chabbaṇṇa,【形】由六個顔色所組成。chabbassika,【形】存在整個六年期間,六歲。chabbidha,【形】六倍的。chabbīsati,【陰】二十六。chasaṭṭhi,【陰】六十六。chasattati,【陰】七十六。

Chakana & Chakaa (Vedic śakt & śakan),【中】獸糞(the dung of animals)

Chakalaka, chagalaka,【陽】雄山羊。

Chakka(< cha),【中】六品(六的一組)(set of six)

Chaṭṭha,【形】第六的。chaṭṭhama, Sn.101, 103; J.III,280.

Chaṭṭhī,【陰】(巴利語法)第六格,即:領屬格。

chaḍḍ﹐【字根VII.】丟棄(to throw away)

Chaḍḍaka,【形】擲者,移轉者。

Chaḍḍana,【中】丟棄,排斥。

Chaḍḍāpeti (chaḍḍeti丟棄的【使】),【過】chaḍḍāpesi。【過chaḍḍāpita。【獨】chaḍḍāpetvā

Chaḍḍita[chaḍḍeti丟棄] 的【過】。

Chaḍḍiya,【形】被拒絕的,被丟棄的。

Chaḍḍīyati[chaḍḍeti丟棄] 的【被】。

Chaḍḍeti (chaḍḍ丟棄+e), 丟棄,放棄,拒絕,離開(to spit out, to vomit, throw away; abandon, leave, reject)。【過】chaḍḍesi。【現chaḍḍenta。【獨】chaḍḍetvā。【義】chaḍḍetabba

Chaa,【陽】節日(a festival)

Chaaka, the Chaaka plant Miln.352; cp. akkhaa.

Chatta1,【中】傘,遮陽傘(a sunshade),王室天篷。chattakāra,【陽】製傘者。chattagāhaka,【陽】攜帶主人的傘者。chattanāḷi,【陰】chattadaṇḍa,【陽】傘柄。chattapāṇī,【陽】攜帶傘者。chattamagala,【中】加冕典禮,爲寶塔頂安置小尖塔的典禮。chattussapana,【中】升起王室天篷,即:佔領王座。

Chatta2 (cp. Sk. chātra, one who carries his master’s sunshade), 學生(a pupil, a student)

Chattaka,【中】1.(a sun-shade)2. (ahichattaka “snake’s sun-shade,” N. for a mushroom: toadstool)

Chattupāhana (chatta+upāhana n.), 傘與涼鞋。

Chattisā, chattisati,【陰】三十六。

Chada (在【合】中) 【陽】任何東西的蓋,面紗。

Chadana (Vedic chad),中】蓋屋頂的材料,屋頂,蓋。chadanapariyantasamīpa, 靠近屋頂邊緣(屋簷)

Chadda=chada, only in phrase vivattacchadda (or vivaacchadda) D.I,89.

Chaddanta,【形】有六個牙的。【陽】六牙湖(湖名),六牙象(象名)

Chaddikā,【陰】嘔吐。

Chaddhā, chadha (Sk. aṭśa),【副】以六方式(sixfold)

Chanda(<chad)(cp. Vedic and Sk. chanda, and skandh to jump),【陽】衝動,意志,願(impulse, excitement; intention, resolution, will; desire for, wish for, delight in)chandarāga,【陽】刺激的欲望,貪欲。

Chanda (mano-group),【陽】【中】韻律學,詩體論。

Chandaka,【中】投票,自願托缽(給僧團)

Chandatā,【陰】(在【合】中) 推動,渴望。

Chandāgati,【陰】在衝動下而犯的錯誤行。

Chandika, 【形】樂欲(having zeal, endeavouring)

Chandīkata【形】& chandīkatā,【陰】志欲的,熱心的((with) right effort, zealous, zeal)

Channa, [chādeti蓋﹑遮] 的【過蓋﹑遮

Channa1 [pp. of chad, see chādeti1] 1. covered J.IV, 293 (vāri°); VI,432 (padara°, ceiling); ThA.257. <-> 2. thatched (of a hut) Sn.18. -- 3. concealed, hidden, secret J.II,58; IV,58. -- nt. channa a secret place Vin.IV,220.

Channa2 [pp. to chad (chand), chandayati, see chādeti2] fit, suitable, proper Vin.II,124 (+pairūpa); III,128; D.I,91 (+pairūpa); S.I,9; M.I,360; J.III,315; V,307; VI,572; Pv.II,1215 (=yutta PvA.159).

Chapaka, 一賤民的族群(name of a low-class tribe Vin.IV,203 (=caṇḍāla Bdhgh. on Sekh. 69 at Vin.IV,364), f. chapakī ib.

Channa1 (pp. of chad, see chādeti1),1.(covered J.IV, 293 (vārichanna); VI,432 (padarachanna, ceiling)2. thatched (of a hut) Sn.18. -- 3. concealed, hidden, secret J.II,58; IV,58. -- nt. channa a secret place Vin.IV,220.

Channa2 (pp. to chad (chand), chandayati, see chādeti2) ,【形】適當的(fit, suitable, proper)

Chappañca (cha+pañca), 五或六(six or five)

Chappada,【陽】蜜蜂。

Chabyāputta,【陽】舍婆子(毒蛇名)

Chamā(< kam, cp. khamati),【陰】地,土地。

Chambhati(see chambheti),恐懼(to be frightened)

Chambheti(cp. Sk. skabhnāti & stabhnāti, skambh),穩固,剛硬(to be firm or rigid)

Chambhitatta,【中】麻醉,麻木狀態(昏迷),驚愕,驚惶失措。

Chambhin,【形】驚嚇,驚呆。

Chava,【陽】屍體(a corpse)。【形】低的,悲慘的。chavakuikā,【陰】藏骸所,停屍房。chavaṭṭhika,【中】脫離骨骼的骨頭。chavaḍāhaka,【陽】職務上燒屍的人。chavālāta,【中】來自火葬的污木。Seyyathāpi…chavālātam ubhato padittam majjhe gūthagata neva gāme kaṭṭhattam pharati nāraññe katthaṭṭam pharati.(猶如火葬之薪,兩端被燒過,中間有糞,在村既然不能充當薪木,在林間也不能充當薪木。)

Chavi,【陰】外皮,皮膚(the (outer, thin) skin, tegument)chavikalyāṇa,【中】膚色的美。chavivaṇṇa,【陽】膚色,皮膚的顔色。nicchavi,【陰】剝皮,無皮膚。

Chaasa,【形】有六邊的,有六角的。

Chaaga,【形】由六個部份所組成。

Chaabhiñña,【形】有六神通的。chaabhiññā,【陰】六神通。

Chāta (cp. Sk. psāta from bhas),【形】饑餓的。chātajjhatta,【形】饑餓的。chātatā,【陰】饑餓的情況。

Chātaka,【中】餓,饑荒。

chād(chad)﹐【字根VII.】遮蓋(to cover)

Chādana,【中】chādanā,【陰】蓋,遮,衣服,隱匿。

Chādanīya, chādetabba,【義】可以隱蔽的。

Chādeti1 (chad遮蓋+e)(Caus. of chad, Sk. chādayati), 蓋,遮,隱藏,用茅草苫蓋(屋頂),給快樂,品嘗。【過】chādesi。【過chādita, channa。【現chādenta, chādayamāna。【獨】chādetvā, chādiyaPass. chādīyati.

Chādeti2 (for chandeti, cp. Sk. chandati & chadayati), 愉快(to seem good, to please, to give pleasure)

Chāpa, chāpaka,【陽】幼小的動物

Chāyā,【陰】蔭(台語:ng2),影子(台語:iann2)chāyāmāna,【中】影子的測定。chāyārūpa,【中】肖像。

Chārikā (Cp. kṣāyati to burn, kṣāra burning),【陰】灰燼(ashes)

Chāha,【中】六天。

Chiggala,【中】洞。一孔之軛(ekachiggala-yuga M.III,169)

Chijjati (chindati 的【被】), 被切割,被打破,被切斷。【過】chijji。【現chijjanta, chijjamāna。【獨】chijjitvā, chijjiya

chid(chid)﹐【字根II.】切、割剪(to cut)。【字根III.】被切斷(to be cut off)

Chida,【形】(在【合】中) 打破,切斷,破壞,Bandhanacchida = 打破或切斷聯結的人。

Chidda,【中】洞,裂縫,過失,缺點。【形】有裂縫的,穿孔的,有過失的。chiddaka,【形】有洞的,有毛孔的。chiddagavesī,【形】找尋他人的過失 或弱點的。chiddavacchiddaka,【形】千瘡百孔、坑坑洞洞。chiddābhimukha﹐洞口。

Chiddita,【形】穿孔的,開洞的。

Chindati (chid切斷+-a), (割、削),切斷,破壞。【過】chindi。【過chinna。【現chindanta, chindamāna。【獨】chinditvā, chindiya

Chindiya,【形】易破的東西。

Chinna (chindati 的【過), chinnāsa,【形】沒有希望的。chinnāsa,【形】鼻子被切掉的。chinnabhatta,【形】極饑餓的,挨餓的。chinnavattha,【形】衣服被強行拿掉的。chinnahattha,【形】手被切斷的。chinniriyāpatha,【形】不能走路的,跛子。

Chuddha,【過】已丟棄,已拒絕,已卑鄙。

Chupati (chup+a), 觸及,觸摸。【過】chupi。【獨】chupitvā

Chupana,【中】觸碰(touching)

Chūrikā,【陰】匕首(dagger)

Cheka,【形】聰明的,有技術的。chekatā,【陰】聰明,技術。

Chejja,【形】可以被切斷的,易打破的。【中】斷肢刑(切斷四肢的處罰)

Chettabba,【義】應該被切斷。

Chettar(Sk. chett, n-agent to chindati),【陽】切斷的人。

Chetvā, chetvāna,【獨】已切開,已切斷。

Cheda,【陽】切斷(cutting, destruction, loss)

Chedaka,【陽】切斷者,破壞者。

Chedana,【中】切斷。

Chedanaka,【形】切斷者(one who tears or cuts off )。【中】切斷的過程(the process of getting cut)

Chedāpeti (chindati 的【使】), 令切斷,令打破。【過】chedāpesi。【過chedāpita。【獨】chedāpetvā

Chepāpana,【中】使切斷,使打破。

Cheppā (Sk. sépa),【陰】尾,尾部(tail)

 

J

 

J, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第八個輔音字母。發音是帶音的 j,漢語沒有這個輔音,請參考英語或馬來語的發音。

-ja(<jan, janati)﹐接尾詞,表「所生的」。如:kammaja業生,cittaja心生,vivekaja()生。

Jagata,【陽】,Jagati,【陰】地球,世界。jagatippadesa,【陽】在地球上的一個地點。jagatiruha,【陽】樹。

Jaggati (jagg+a), 看守,滋養,清醒地躺著。【過】jaggi。【獨】jaggitvā

Jaggana,【中】jagganā,【陰】管理,照管,培養,注意。

jaggh(jak )﹐【字根I.】嘲笑(to laugh)

Jagghati (jaggh+a), 嘲弄。【過】jagghi

Jagghanā,【陰】jagghita,【中】笑。

Jaghana,【中】腰部,臀部。

Jagama,【形】活動的。

Jagala,【中】叢林,沙漠。

Jaghamagga,【陽】小路,步行道。

Jaghapesanika,【中】步行運送資訊。【陽】攜帶資訊的人。

Jaghājagha-﹐【陰】小腿,脛,腿肚子。jaghaṭṭhika, ,【中】脛骨jaghābala,【中】腿力。jaghāvihāra,【陽】步行。jaghavihāratthāya < jaghā-vihāra-atthajaghā-vihāra「步行之狀態」;-atthāya (Dat.) attha (Acc.) 表達「目的」,「為了(散步而來)」。又āgato’mhi = āgato amhi; āgata, pp.  < ā-gam, āgacchati; amhi, pres.1sg. < as, atthi

Jagheyya,【中】(袈裟的)護膝部分。

Jacca,【形】(在【合】中), 有如此的出生。jaccandha,【形】天生盲的。

Jaccā = jātiyā

Jajjara,【形】由於年老的微弱,老,枯萎(台語:蔫脯lian poo2,烏漚oo au2),凋謝,衰弱。

Jajjarita,【過已不老

Jañña,【形】純粹的,貴族的,迷人的,好出生。

Jaññā, 願他知(3.sg.opt.)

Jaa,【中】(刀等的)柄。

Jaṭā,【陰】纏結,打褶,纏結的頭髮。jaṭādhara,【陽】纏結頭髮的苦行者。Vism.4.Maggakkhae panesa ta jaa vijaeti nāma.  Phalakkhae vijaitajao sadevakassa lokassa aggadakkhieyyo hoti.(他在修(四沙門)道的剎那叫做解結;在證(四沙門)果的剎那,他便是天界和人界最上應供的解結者。)

Jaita,【過】已糾纏,已打褶。

Jaiya, jaila,【陽】纏結頭髮的苦行。

Jahara,【陽】【中】腹,胃。jaharaggi,【陽】妊娠。

Jaṇṇu,【中】jaṇṇukā,【陰】膝。jaṇṇumatta,【形】深及膝的,沒膝程度的。

Jatu,【中】紫膠,封閉臘。jatumaṭṭhaka,【中】樹膠性具,樹膠生支。

Jatukā,【陰】蝙蝠。

Jatto,【中】肩。

jan(jā) (jan / jā)﹐【字根III.】生( to be born)

Jana, -jana,【陽】人,男人。janakāya,【陽】人群。janatā,【陰】人在集會。janapada,【陽】省,國家,鄉下地方。janapadakalyāṇī,【陰】一國之中最美麗的女孩。janapadacārikā,【陰】在國內旅行。janasammadda,【陽】人山人海。janapadaroga,傳染病。mahājanika, 【陽】大眾。

Janaka,【陽】1.生産,生産者(producing, production)2. Janakikā, 【中】【陰】生産者,母親(genetrix, mother)。【形】生産的。janakakamma﹐令生業,是是使善或不善心在結生時,產生結生心、身根色( kalala羯羅藍、凝滑)、性根色(男或女性)、心所依處色,且在活命期間繼續產生業生色、五根、果報心.心所。只有在臨死時成熟的令生業才能產生結生心,而其他的善與不善業則能在一生中產生果報。

Janatā (from janati), 【陰】人類(a collection of people (“mankind”), congregation, gathering; people, folk)

Janati1 (Sk. janati (trs.) & jāyate (intrs.)), 生、起、發生。(only in Caus. janeti [Sk. janayati] often spelled jāneti (cp. jaleti: jāleti) & Pass. (intrs.) jāyati to bring forth, produce, cause, syn. sañjaneti nibbatteti abhinibbatteti Nd2 s. v. (cp. karoti). ussāha j. to put forth exertion J.II,407 (see chanda); (sa)vega j. to stir up emotion (aspiration) J.III,184; PvA.32; Mhvs.I,4; dukkha j. to cause discomfort PvA.63. -- Aor. janayi Th.2, 162 (Māyā j. Gotama: she bore). -- pp. janita produced PvA.1. -- See also jantu jamma, jāta, jāti, ñāti, etc.

Janati2 出聲(to make a sound J.VI,64 (=sanati sadda karoti))

Janana,【中】生産,原因。【形】生産的。

Jananī,【陰】母親。

Janādhipa, janinda,【陽】(人類的)國王。

Janikā,【陰】母親,根由。

Janita, (Janeti的【過) 産生,生産

Janeti (jan+e), 産生,生産,生。【現janenta。【獨】janetvā

Janetu,【陽】生産者,生殖者。

Janettī,【陰】母親。

Jantāghara,【中】蒸汽浴房,桑拿浴屋。

Jantu,【陽】人,創造物,生物。

jap(jap)﹐【字根I.】喃喃自語(to mutter)

Japa,【陽】喃喃自語。

Japati (jap喃喃自語+a), 發出,喃喃而語,背誦。【過】japi。【過japita。【獨】japitvā

Japana, jappana,【中】喃喃自語,耳語。

Japā,【陰】月季,朱槿(China-rose)

japp,【字根I.】發出清柔持續的聲音(to murmur),小孩般說話(to prattle)

Jappati(Sk.jalpati (=japati))﹐渴望(hunger for)【過jappita

Jappā, jappanā,【陰】貪欲(desire, lust, greed, attachment)

Jambāla(Sk. jambāla),泥巴(mud)。【形】jambālin,泥濘的(muddy)

Jambālī,【陰】骯髒的池(a dirty pool(at entrance to village) A.4.178./II.166)

Jambīra,【陽】橘子樹,【中】橘子。

Jambu, jambū(Sk. jambu),【陰】蓮霧,蒲桃(rose-apple一種熱帶喬木 (Eugenia Jambolana),有大而厚的葉子,花粉紅色,肉質果實可食用,表面有絨毛,有玫瑰香味)(音譯)閻浮樹。【形】【陰】jambī, 閻浮提少女(sarcastically “rose-apple-maid,” appld to a gardener’s daughter J.III.22)jambupakka,【中】蒲桃果(果實為黑色或暗色, Vism 409)jambusaṇḍa,【陽】蒲桃樹林(rose-apple grove (=jambudīpa, India) Sn 552= Th 1, 822.)

Jambudīpa(jambu+dīpa洲島),【陽】閻浮提洲(the country of the rose-apples i. e. India J.I,263; VvA 18; Miln.27, etc.)。這個洲島像(倒立的)霧的樣子,一般認為閻浮提洲是指印度。我們這世界有四大洲(four mahādīpas)閻浮提洲是屬於南部的洲。

Jambuka(Sk. jambuka, to jambh?),【陽】豺(jackal),胡狼,野干(a jackal)

Jambonada(=Jambunada),【中】閻浮河產的金。

jambh(jambh/ jabh)﹐【字根I.】打哈欠(to yawn)

Jambhati (jabh打哈欠+-a), 打哈欠,喚醒自己。【過】jambhi

Jambhanā,【陰】打哈欠,喚醒,鼓勵。

Jamma,【形】粗俗的,可鄙的。

Jaya,【陽】勝利,戰勝。jayaggaha, jayagāha,【陽】戰勝,幸運的投,幸運的簽。jayapāna,【中】勝利的飲料。jayasumana,【中】朱槿( Bandhujīvaka)

Jayati (ji+a)jeti, jināti(Sk.jayati), 征服,超越,擊敗。【過】jayijini, ajini, ajesi。【過.複】jinisu【過jita。【現jayantajaya。【獨】jetvā, jayitvāPot.Jeyya, jine3rd pl.jineyyuFut.jessatijayissatijinissatiGer. Sn 439; jetvāna It 76.-- Inf.jinituGrd.jeyya , ajeyya; jinitabbaPass.jīyati (see parā°), jīyati is also Pass.to jarati -- Caus.1.jayāpeti to wish victory to, to hail (as a respectful greeting to a king)2.jāpayati to cause to rob, to incite, to plunderDes. jigisatipp. jina & jita

Jayampati,【陽】夫妻,丈夫和妻子。

Jara,【陽】發燒。【形】老的,爛了的,衰老的。jaraggava,【陽】老公牛。jarasakka,【陽】帝釋天(三十三天王)

Jaratā,【陰】衰退,老年。

Jarā,【陰】衰退,老年,老朽。jarājajjara, jarājiṇṇa,【形】由於年而衰弱的,由於年齡而衰老的。jarādukkha,【中】老苦(老年的痛苦)jarādhamma,【形】老法(遭受衰老的,遭受衰退的)jarābhaya,【中】怕老(老年或衰退的恐懼)

jal﹐【字根I.】發光(to shine)

Jala1(Sk. jala),【中】水(water)jalagocara, jalacara,【形】住在水的,水生動物。【陽】魚。jalaja,【形】從水中生的,從水中躍出的。【中】睡蓮。【陽】魚。jalada, jaladhara,【陽】雨雲。jalaniggama,【陽】水的出口,排水溝。jalādhāra,【陽】蓄水,水庫。jalālaya, jalāsaya,【陽】湖,人造的池塘。

Jala2﹐發亮,燃燒。Jala aggīva bhāsatīti ratti pabbatamatthake jalamāno aggi viya virocati.(如火在山頂燃燒︰夜晚,如火在山頂燃燒,照耀。)

Jalati (jal發光+a)(Sk. jvalati, with jvarati to be hot or feverish, to jval to burn), 發亮,燃燒。【過】jali。【過jalita。【現jalanta, jalamāna。【獨】jalitvāJalitaggi﹐燃燒的火。

Jaladhi, jalanidhi,【陽】大海,海洋。

Jalana(Sk. jvalana),【中】燃燒(burning)aggijalana, 燃料。

Jalābu(Sk. jarāyu),【陽】1.子宮(the womb)2.胚體(the embryo)3.胎盤(placenta)jalābujā,【形】在胎盤中出生的,胎生的(有情類生從胎藏出生)

Jalūkā,【陰】水蛭(leech)

Jalla,【中】泥垢。

Jallikā,【陰】(在身體上的)污垢,樹上衰退的樹皮。sedajallikā, 流汗。

Jaḷa (Sk. jaḍa),【形】慢愚蠢的(dull, slow, stupid)。【陽】愚蠢者,痴呆 (chi gai5)jaccajaa, 天生愚蠢。

Java,【陽】速度,力量。

Javati (ju去、走+a), 跑,趕緊,催促。【過】javi。【過javita。【現javamāna。【獨】javitvā

Javana,【中】1.衝動,敏捷,機敏,奔跑(alacrity, readiness; impulse, shock)2.速行心(=vīthicitta, “going” (not “swiftness”), and the “going” is understood as intellectual movement.)【形】迅速的。javanapañña,【形】有機敏的智慧。

Javanikā,【陰】紗網(screen),帳。

Jaha,【形】(在【合】中) 殘留,放棄。

Jahati, Jahāti (hā(hā) 離開+a, hā 重疊,而前 hā 被改變成 ja), 離開,放棄。【過】jahi。【過jahita, hīna。【現jahanta。【獨】hitvā(very frequent); hitvāna, jahitvā & jahetvā, jahitvā。【義】jahitabba【命】jahassu【祈】jahe, jaheyyafut. jahissāmi; in verse: hassāmi.。【不】jahituṁ。【被】hāyati, hāyate & hīyati; Sn.944 (hīyamāna)。【使】hāpeti

Jāgara,【形】醒覺的,警的,注意的。

jāgar(jāg)﹐【字根I.】保持清醒(to keep awake)

Jāgaraa,【中】保持清醒。

Jāgarati (jāgar清醒+a), 清醒。【過】jāgari,【現jāgaranta

Jāgariya,【中】警寤。jāgariyānuyoga,【陽】警戒,清醒的練習。āgariyaanuyuttā(=āgariyānuyoga), 致力警寤(睡眠之外,精進無間,戰兢惕厲,悠悠放任)jāgariya ananuyuttā﹐不修警寤精進。MA.39./II,316.Jāgariyamanuyuttāti rattindiva cha koṭṭhāse katvā ekasmi koṭṭhāse niddāya okāsa datvā pañca koṭṭhāse jāgariyamhi yuttā payuttā.(警寤精進:日夜六時的一分(四小時)睡覺,嘗試、應用五分機會清醒。)在生理上,快速眼動睡眠與非快速眼動睡眠的週期是九十分鐘,所以不需要睡太多,睡眠的時間太長,反而使人「倦怠無力」。為了要容易入睡,只要在上床前稍微提高體溫(如︰泡澡,或30分鐘左右的有氧運動,或運動再泡澡),在體溫降低中入睡。習慣每天睡八小時的人改變成三小時,一開始時可能睡意頻頻,須自我暗示來調整。養成疲倦時隨時隨地睡覺的習慣(打瞌睡以四、五分鐘為最佳),可以讓自己輕易獲得休息。

輔助入睡的四拍呼吸法:(1)深深吸一口氣。(2)止息3秒鐘。 (3)吐氣的同時壓按孔頭與鎖骨連線之間,鎖骨下方壓下去最痛的點。(4)放鬆按壓的力道,回味感覺。

輔助入睡的伸展動作︰

  功能︰鬆開骨盆,讓左右腦獲得充足的新鮮氧氣。重點︰左右腳各一次,57分鐘 方法︰

  1、仰躺在床上。2、彎曲右腳,膝蓋正對天花板。3、左手放在右腳膝蓋上,並深吸一口氣。

  4、慢慢讓右腳倒向左側床鋪,左手要按住右腳,上身與頭往右扭轉,姿勢保持5分鐘。*4的狀態下呼吸時,要觀想「在腰的部位將空氣吸入體內,並從頭部吐出來」。進入熟睡模式︰

  重點︰10次呼吸為1回,做3回。方法︰1、將左手放在肚臍上、右手放在左手上側,則右手會剛好蓋住鳩尾穴。2、觀想空氣由腳底進入身體,從頭頂出去。3、開始做腹式呼吸:「深吸一口氣輕輕憋氣緩慢吐氣將空氣吐乾淨並感覺身體」。4、每完成一次呼吸,就從1默數到10

  起床時的伸展動作︰重點︰13分鐘。方法︰1、早上起床後,伸展雙手雙腳,趴在床鋪上。2、跪起、雙手扶著床鋪,打開雙腳呈90度。拉長背部肌肉,腳指請朝向內側。3、雙手向前伸,讓身體往前倒。身體前傾後,再吸一口氣,並在吐氣的同時使身體更往前傾。

*3的狀態下,注意屁股不要翹起。(摘自商周出版《3小時熟睡法》)

Jāṇu(Vedic jānu) (also as jaṇṇu(ka))【陽】膝。jāṇumaṇḍala,【中】膝蓋骨,髕,護膝(the knee)jāṇumatta,【形】深及膝的。jaumaṇḍala膝蓋,膝(the knee-cap, the knee)Jāṇussoi, Jāṇusoi(Jātisroa)生聞(婆羅門)SA.12.47./II,75.Jāṇussoṇīti hānantaravasena evaladdhanāmo asītikoivibhavo mahāpurohito.(生聞(婆羅門)︰處於胎內(就聽教),如此得名;(他是)有八百萬財富的大典尊。)。不過,若以字義來說,也有可能尚在褓襁中,放置在膝時,聽聞教法。

Jāṇuka= Jāṇu

Jāta (janati 的【過), 已出生,已興起,已變成,已發生。【中】搜集品,多樣性。jātadivasa,【陽】生日。jātarūpa,【中】黃金。jātaveda,【陽】火(Vedic jātaveda=agni(fire))jātassara,【陽】【中】天然湖。

Jātarūparajata﹐【中】金銀(黃金與貨幣)Na hi, gāmai, kappati samaṇāna sakyaputtiyāna jātarūparajata, na sādiyanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajata, nappaiggahanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajata, nikkhittamaisuvaṇṇā samaṇā sakyaputtiyā apetajātarūparajatā.  Yassa kho, gāmai, jātarūparajata kappati, pañcapi tassa kāmaguṇā kappanti.  Yassa pañca kāmaguṇā kappanti, ekaseneta gāmai, dhāreyyāsi assamaadhammo asakyaputtiyadhammoti.(聚落主!於此沙門釋子等,於金銀為不淨,他們不允許,彼等不取此。於此沙門釋子等,於金銀為非淨,彼等不受此,彼等不取此。沙門釋子等,棄摩尼、黃金,以離金銀。聚落主!以金銀為淨者,則於五種欲亦淨。聚落主!以五種欲為淨者,此應視為非沙門法,非釋子法。KhA.37.Jātarūpanti suvaṇṇa.  Rajatanti kahāpao, lohamāsakadārumāsakajatumāsakādi ya ya tattha tattha vohāra gacchati, tadubhayampi jātarūparajata.((jātarūpa)︰為黄金。(rajata)︰為貨幣、銅錢、木錢、膠錢等,凡交易用的,這兩者都(屬於)金銀。以任何方式接受那(金銀)為接受,沒有任何方式那(接受金錢)是可以的。如此為所應說不共的。)

Jātaka,【中】《本生故事》,本生經。【形】天生的,興起的。jātakabhāṇaka,【陽】說本生故事的人。

Jātatta,【中】天生的事實。

Jāti,【陰】1.出生,再生(birth, rebirth, possibility of rebirth, “future life” )2.種族,民族,系譜( descent, race, rank, genealogy)3.種,種類(a sort of, kind of)4.本性(birth or nature, natural (opp. artificial); or genuine, pure, excellent)Instr. jātiyā & jaccā; Abl. jātiyā & jātito; Loc. jātiya& jātiyājātikosa,【陽】肉豆蔻衣〔乾皮〕(一種香料)jātikkhaya,【陽】剷除再生的機會。jātikkhetta,【中】出生地,再生的界。jātitthaddha,【形】以 ()世家爲驕傲的。jātinirodha,【陽】再生的終止(the extermination of (the cause of) rebirth Vin I.1)jātiphala,【中】肉豆寇(一種常綠的熱帶小喬木 (Myristica fragrans),原産摩鹿加群島,但由於它的球形黃色核果産生肉豆蔻和豆蔻香料,已廣泛栽培)jātibhaya﹐再生之畏(the fear of rebirth A II.121)jātibhūmi﹐生地,所生長之土地,鄉野田舍之地(natural ground, in jātibhūmaka, jātibhūmika, jātibhūmiya living on natural)jātimantu,【形】出生的良好(好世家),有真正的特質jātimada﹐種族的驕傲。jātivāda,【陽】討論有關親子關係的事。jātisampanna,【形】出生在良好或高貴的家庭。jātisambhava生的源頭(the origin of birth)jātisumanā, 】大花素馨(一種大花的東印度群島茉莉屬植物 (Jasminum grandiflorum),常栽培作香料和裝飾)jātissara,【形】記憶前生的。jātihigulaka,【中】天然的朱紅。jāti jāti punappuna﹐生生世世。《律藏》(Vin.Mv.93.)Ya, bhikkhave, mātukucchismi pahama citta uppanna, pahama viññāṇa pātubhūta tadupādāya sāvassa jāti. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gabbhavīsa upasampādetunti.(諸比丘!凡是第一心已被生在母的子宮者,第一識已出現;取它後,它如此應是)S.12.2./II,3.“Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti Yā tesa tesa sattāna tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti nibbatti abhinibbatti khandhāna pātubhāvo āyatanāna pailābho.  Aya vuccati, bhikkhave, jāti.(諸比丘!什麼是呢?凡是各種有情,於各種有情類之生(jāti)、和合發生(sañjāti)趣入(okkanti進入)出現、諸蘊顯現(khandhāna pātubhāvo),諸處獲得(āyatanāna pailābho),諸比丘!以此謂之生(jāti)) (《分別論》(Vbh.99.CS:p.104) )(okkantikkhaa﹐投胎剎那)

Pāci.IV,6.Jāti nāma dve jātiyo-- hīnā ca jāti ukkaṭṭhā ca jāti. Hīnā nāma jāti--caṇḍālajāti, venajāti, nesādajāti, rathakārajāti, pukkusajāti.  Esā hīnā nāma jāti. Ukkaṭṭhā nāma jāti-- khattiyajāti, brāhmaajāti.  Esā ukkaṭṭhā nāma jāti.(卑生與貴生。卑生者,施陀羅生、竹師生、獵師生、車師生、除糞者生,此等名為卑生。貴種者,剎帝利生、婆羅門生,此等名為貴生。)

Jātika,【形】是的後裔,源於,屬於社會等級,氏族,民族。

Jātu,【無】的確地,無疑地。

Jāna (to jñā, see jānāti),【形】【陽】知道(knowing or knowable, understandable (=jānamāna) )dujjāna, 難知道(difficult to understand)sujāna,有智的,善識的(recognizable, intelligible(=suviññeyya PvA.230) )cp. ājāna

Jānana,【中】知識,識別。

Jānanaka,【形】意的,心照不宣的,聰穎的,精明的。

Jānanīya,【形】應該知道的。

Jānapada, jānapadika,【形】國家的。【陽】鄉巴佬。【複】鄉下人。Vibh.#886.Tattha katamo janapadavitakko?  Janapada ārabbha gehasito takko vitakko micchāsakappo-- aya vuccati “janapadavitakko”.(什麼叫做國土尋於國土進行與居家生活有關聯的12尋思、3邪思惟,這稱為國土)

Jānāti (ñā+nā), 知道,發現,意識到。【過】jāni。【現jānanta, jānamāna。【過ñāta。【獨】jānitvā, ñatvā。【不】jānitu, ñātujabba, Opt.3sg.- fut. jānissati; -- aor. ajāni & jāni, 3rd pl. jānisu; ger. jānitvā; inf. jānitu. Caus. jānāpeti. -- 2.fut. ñassati; -- aor. aññāsi & nāsi, 3rd pl. aññasu.; -- grd. ñeyya & ñātabba; Pass. ñāyati to be called or named.

Jānāpeti (Jānāti的【使】), 使知道,告知,自己泄露。【過】jānāpesi。【過jānāpita, āpita。【現āpenta。【獨】jānāpetvā, āpetvā

Jāni,【陰】損失,剝奪,妻子。jānipati,【陽】夫妻,妻子和丈夫。

Jāmātu,【陽】女婿。

Jāyati(jāyate)(jan+ya)(from jan, see janati), 出生,出現(to be born, to be produced, to arise, to be reborn)pres. 3rd pl. jāyareinf. jātum【過】jāyi。【過jāta。【現jāyanta, jāyamāna。【獨】jāyitvājāyati, jīyati, mīyati, 生、老、死(one is born, gets old, dies)

Jāyattana,【中】妻子的身份。

Jāyana,【中】出生,出現。

Jāyā(<jan),【陰】妻子。jāyāpati,【陽】夫妻,妻子和丈夫。

Jāra(Vedic jāra),【陽】情郎(beau)jāyāttana,【中】情郎的身份。

Jārī,【陰】情人(paramour)Vin.(Pārā.III,139.CS:Pārā.pg.202)Jāyattane vāti jāyā bhavissasi.(妻子的性質︰將變成妻子。) Jārattane vāti jārī bhavissasi. (情婦的性質︰將變成情婦。) Sāratthadīpanī-ṭīkā(心義燈)(CS:pg.2.327)Jāyabhāveti bhariyabhāvāya. Jārabhāveti sāmikabhāvāya.(將成為太太︰可能作妻子。將成為丈夫︰可能作丈夫。) Sāratthadīpanī-ṭīkā (CS:pg.2.327)Muhuttikā bhavissasīti asāmika sandhāya vutta, jārī bhavissasīti sasāmika sandhāya.(將成為須臾婦︰非(做她的)丈夫的。將成為情人(可能作)丈夫的。)

Jāla(Vedic jāla),【中】網(a net),糾纏(netting, entanglement),台語︰交葛。

Jālapūva,【陽】薄烤餅(pancake)

Jālaka,【陽】芽,小網。

Jālakkhika,【中】網孔。

Jālā,【陰】火焰。jālākula,【形】被火焰環繞著的。

Jālika,【陽】使用漁網的漁夫。

Jālikā,【陰】以鏈製成的甲胄(armour)

Jālinī,【陰】貪欲,欲望,渴望。

Jāleti, (jal+e), 點燃,使燃燒。【過】jālesi。【過jālita。【現jālenta, jālayamāna。【獨】jāletvā

ji(ji)﹐【字根I.】征服(to conquer)有力量(to have power)

-ji﹐【印】【無】印度語,加在男女名字或尊稱的字尾,表示尊敬,。如︰bhanteji(bhante+ji)

Jigisaka,【形】想。

Jigisati (har+sa, har 變成 gi,再重疊,而前 gi 變成 ji), 期望。【過】jigisi。【過jigisita。【現jigisamāna

Jigisanā, jigisā,【陰】妄羨的,渴望。

Jigucchaka,【形】不同意的人,不喜歡的人。

Jigucchati (gup+cha, gu 重疊,而前 gu 變成 ji), 避開,厭惡,被厭煩。【過】jigucchi。【過jigucchita。【現jigucchanta, jigucchamāna。【獨】jigucchitvā, jigucchiyaA.9.11./IV,376-7.(cf. (A.8.51./IV,278.))“Seyyathāpi, bhante, itthī vā puriso vā daharo yuvā maṇḍanakajātiko sīsanhāto ahikuapena vā kukkurakuapena vā manussakuapena vā kaṇṭhe āsattena aṭṭīyeyya harāyeyya jiguccheyya; evameva kho aha, bhante, iminā pūtikāyena aṭṭīyāmi harāyāmi jigucchāmi.(大德!猶如年輕女子、男子,喜愛裝飾,沐浴頭身,然而頸項間懸掛死蛇、死狗、人死屍,因此可能覺得羞、慚、愧、恥。大德!我亦為此臭腐之身而羞、慚、愧、恥。)

Jigucchana,【中】jiguchanā,【陰】jigucchā,【陰】厭惡,嫌惡,憎惡。

Jighacchati (ghas+cha, gh 重疊,而前 gh 改成 ji。詞根的 s 變成 c), 很饑餓,想吃。【過】jighacchi。【過jighacchita

Jighacchā,【陰】餓。

Jiñjuka,【陽】野甘草(wild liquorice)

Jiṇṇa (jīrati 的【過), 已衰退,已老,已消化。jiṇṇaka,【陽】老人。jiṇṇatā,【陰】衰老。

Jita (jināti 的【過), 已征服,已抑制。【中】勝利。jitatta,【中】征服。

Jitatta (jita+atta), 抑制心意的人。

Jina(pp. med. of jayati),【陽】征服者(conquering),勝利者(victorious),佛陀(often of the Buddha)jinacakka,【中】勝輪(佛陀的教義)jinaputta,【陽】勝子(disciple of the Buddha佛陀的弟子)jinabhūmi,【陰】勝地(the ground or footing of a conqueror)jinasāsana,【中】勝教(the doctrine of the Buddha佛教)maggajina,道的勝利者(conqueror of the Path)

Jināti (ji(ji)+nā), 征服,使服從。【過】jini。【過jita。【現jinanta。【獨】jinitvā, jitvā

Jimha(Vedic jihma),【形】彎曲的,傾斜的,不誠實的。jimhatā,【陰】彎曲,不誠實。

Jiyā,【陰】弓弦。

jīv(jīv)﹐【字根I.生活、居住(to live)

Jivhā,【陰】舌。jivhagga,【中】舌端。jivhāyatana,【中】舌處(味覺感官)jivhādhātu,【陰】舌界(即:味覺感官)jivhāviññāṇa,【中】舌識,味覺。jivhindriya,【中】舌根(味覺官能)

Jīna,【形】減少了的,浪費的,被剝奪的。

Jīmūta,【陽】雨雲。

Jīyati (ji+ya), 被減少,失去,衰老,衰退。【過】jīyi。【現jīyamāna。【過jīna

Jīraka,【中】枯茗籽,蒔蘿籽(cummin seed枯茗傘形花科的一種矮生植物 (Cuminum cyminum),羽狀複葉,花黃色,果實橢圓形。原産埃及和敍利亞,爲了其芳香的種子〔用作香料〕而長期被栽培)

Jīrati (jīr衰老+a), 衰老衰退。【過】jīri。【過jiṇṇa。【現jīramāna

Jīraa,【中】衰退,老大(年老),消化。

Jīrāpeti, jīreti (jīrati 的【使】), 使衰退,令消化。【過】jīrāpesi。【過jīrāpita。【現jīrāpenta

Jīva,【陽】生命。jīvadanta,【陽】生牙(活動物的牙)yava-jiva, 【陽】盡其壽。

Jīvaka,【陽】1.活著的人。2.耆婆(人名)Vin.Mv.I,169.說他是淫女娑羅跋提(Sālavatī gaikā)之私生子,生產後棄嬰,為無畏王子(Abhayo rājakumāro)撿回收養,叫他的名字做耆婆王子育(王子之養子)(Jīvako Komārabhacco),懂事之後,到得叉尸羅國(Takkasilā)學醫,成為名醫。《根本說一切有部毘奈耶破僧事》卷第二十(T24.205ff)︰「王子侍縛迦」

Jīvati (jīv(jīv)活﹑住+a), 居住,活命,維持生活。【過】Jīvi。【現jīvanta, jīvamāna。【獨】jīvitvā

Jīvana,【中】生活,活命,生計。

Jīvikā,【陰】生計,生活。

Jīvika kappeti, 謀生。miccnājīvena jīvika kappeti作邪命(以邪惡的生活方式來營生)

Jīvita,【中】生命,一生。jīvitakkhaya,【陽】殞命,死亡。jīvitadāna,【中】救命。jīvitapariyosāna,【中】畢命,臨終。jīvitamada,【陽】生活的自尊。jīvitavutti,【陰】生計。jīvitasakhaya,【陽】生活的解決辦法。jīvitāsā,【陰】想活命。jīvitindriya,【中】命根,活力。jīvitindriyassupaccheda, 【陽】命根全斷。jīvitasasaya,【陽】生命的危險。jīvitanavakakalāpa(jīvita-navaka-kalāpa), 【陽】命根九法聚。

Jīvī,【陽】活著的人(在【合】中) 的生活。

ju﹐【字根I.】去、走(to go)

Juha,【形】明亮的。juhapakkha,【陽】明亮的半個月(初一至十五日)

Juhā,【陰】月光,月光照耀的夜晚。

jut﹐【字根I.】使發光(to shine)

Juti,【陰】光輝,燦爛,光亮。jutika,【形】有光亮的。jutindhara,【形】輝煌的,燦爛的。jutimantu,【形】燦爛的。

Juhati (hu犧牲+a, hu 重疊,而前 h 變成 j), 注入火中,獻出。【過】juhi

Juhana,【中】供奉,奉獻物。

Jūta(Sk. dyūta pp. of div, dīvyati),【中】賭博(gambling, playing at dice D.I,7 (jūtappamādaṭṭhāna cp. DA.I,85.)jūtakāra,【陽】賭鬼,賭徒jūtagīta, 賭場賭博歌(a verse sung at playing dice (for luck) J.I,289, 293)Jūtamaṇḍala, 賭博檯(dice board (=phalaka J.I,290) J.I,293.)jūtasālā, 賭場(gambling hall J.VI,281.)

Je,【代】叫喚聲(oh! ah! now then! Vin.I,232, 292.),叫喚女奴隸或卑賤女人的稱呼。

Jeguccha,【形】卑鄙的,討厭的。

Jegucchī,【陽】厭惡的人,避免的人。

Jeṭṭha, Jeṭṭhaka【形】年長的,至高的,最初的。jeṭṭhatara,【形】較老的,較高的。jeṭṭhabhaginī,【陰】姐,姊。jeṭṭhabhātu, jeṭṭhabhātika,【陽】哥,兄。jeṭṭhamāsa,【陽】逝毖吒月(月份名,大約五月至六月之間,農曆416515)jeṭṭhāpacāyana,【中】尊敬長輩(對年長者尊敬)jeṭṭhāpacāyī,【陽】禮敬長輩。lokajeṭṭha,【陽】世間的至高者(=佛陀)

Jeṭṭhā,【陰】心宿(二十七星宿之一)

Jeti (ji +e) 征服,使服從。【過】jesi。【現jenta。【獨】jetvājetvāna

Jetavana, 祇園,祇園精舍,祇陀林。KhA.111Jetavaneti ettha attano paccatthikajana jinātīti jeto, raññā vā attano paccatthikajane jite jātoti jeto, magalakamyatāya vā tassa eva nāmameva katantipi jeto. Vanayatīti vana, attasampadāya sattāna bhatti kāreti, attani sineha uppādetīti attho. Vanute iti vā vana, nānāvidhakusumagandhasammodamattakokilādivihagavirutehi mandamālutacalitarukkhasākhāviapapupphaphalapallavapalāsehi ca “etha ma paribhuñjathā”ti pāṇino yācati viyāti attho.  Jetassa vana Jetavana. Tañhi jetena rājakumārena ropita savaḍḍhita paripālita, so ca tassa sāmī ahosi, tasmā Jetavananti vuccati.  Tasmi Jetavane.(此中,戰勝了自己的敵人為「勝利者(Jeta)」。或者在國王或自己戰勝了敵人而出生了為「勝利者(Jeta)」。或者只是為了想要吉祥而取了「勝利者(Jeta)」之名。愛念為「林(vana)」;即想要諸有情相信〔愛著〕自己的成就,即是生起對自己的愛著之義。或者由欲念為「林(vana)」;由於有各種花的香與氣味而使杜鵑等空行(的有情)鳴叫()陶醉,微風吹動樹的樹枝、枝條、花、果、嫩芽及樹葉,猶如在乞求諸生物:「請來並享用我吧!」之義。祇陀的林為「祇陀林」。由於那是由祇陀王子所種植、培育、守護的,而且他是那()的主人,因此稱為「祇陀林」,而在那祇陀林。) KhA.112So hi Anāthapiṇḍikena gahapatinā Jetassa rājakumārassa hatthato aṭṭhārasahiraññakoisanthārena kiitvā aṭṭhārasahiraññakoṭīhi senāsana kārāpetvā aṭṭhārasahiraññakoṭīhi vihāramaha niṭṭhāpetvā eva catupaññāsāya hiraññakoipariccāgena Buddhappamukhassa Bhikkhusaghassa niyyātito, tasmāAnāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmo”ti vuccati. Tasmi Anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.(由該給孤獨居士以一億八千萬的黃金鋪()而從遮答王子的手中買來的,再以一億八千萬的黃金來建造住處,再以一億八千萬的黃金使寺院建成,如此以施捨五億四千萬的黃金(建造寺院)而布施以佛陀為首的比庫僧團,因此稱為「給孤獨園」,而在那給孤獨園。)

Jeyya, jetabba,【義】可以被征服的。

Jotaka,【形】照亮的,解釋的人。

Jotati (jut +a), 照耀,變亮。【過】joti。【現jotanta

Jotana,【中】jotatinā,【陰】光亮,解釋。

Joti,【陰】光,光輝。【中】星。【陽】火。jotipāsāṇa,【陽】水晶發熱。jotisattha,【中】天文學。

Jotimant (joti+mant, cp. also P. jutimant,【形】照耀(luminous, endowed with light or splendour, bright, excellent (in knowledge))paññājoti-sampanna, 具有智慧的光輝(SnA 348.)

Jotisā (=Sk. jyotia (nt.)),【陰】天文學(astronomy Miln.3.)

Joteti (jotati 的【使】), 照亮,解釋,說明(to cause to shine, illuminate, make clear, explain)。【過】jotesi。【過jotita。【現jotenta, jotayamāna。【獨】jotetvā。【不】jotetu

 

Jh

 

Jh, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第九個輔音字母。發音是送氣帶音的 j,漢語沒有這個輔音,請參考英語或馬來語的發音。

Jhatvā (= jhāpetvā),【獨】燃燒。

Jhasa,【陽】魚(?)

jhā﹐【字根III.1.沉思(to muse)、禪修(to meditate)2.燃燒(to burn)

Jhāna1(from jhāyati,1 BSk. dhyāna),【中】禪,禪定,禪那,心意的集中,(於宗教課題上)冥想,靜慮(心體寂靜),思惟修(譯,譯義不精確。「思惟修」或「專精思惟」,偏向於「思慧」,思惟活動強盛時,不構成入道前的近行定及生滅觀,很難由此入解脫門。)()(Vism.150 as follows: “āramma’ûpanijjhānato paccanīka-jhāpanato vā jhāna,” i.e. called jh. from meditation on objects & from burning up anything adverse)jhānaga,【中】禪支(尋、伺、喜、樂、心一境)jhānarata,【形】喜歡禪定的。jhānavimokkha,【陽】禪解脫(經過禪定得釋放)Vibh.#569.Jhānan”ti vitakko, vicāro, pīti, sukha, cittassekaggatā. (‘()禪那︰尋、伺、喜、樂、心一境性。) Vibh.#580.Jhānan”ti sampasādo, pītisukha, cittassekaggatā. (‘(第二)禪那︰平靜、喜樂、心一境性。) Vibh.#591.Jhānan”ti upekkhā, sati, sampajañña, sukha, cittassekaggatā. (‘(第三)禪那︰中捨、念、正知、樂、心一境性。) Vibh.#599.Jhānan”ti upekkhā, sati, cittassekaggatā.(‘(第四)禪那︰中捨、念、心一境性。)《廣釋》(Vibhv.PTS:p.170CS:p.221~2)Ārammaa upagantvā cintanasakhātena upanijjhāyanaṭṭhena yathāraha paccanīkadhammajhāpanaṭṭhena ca jhānāni ca tāni agāni ca samuditāna avayavabhāvena agīyanti ñāyantīti jhānagāni.(所謂的靠近所緣而考慮、思想之意。根據情況,又有燃燒()蓋之意,及已升起諸禪支之意,以要素成份之意,被稱為諸禪支)

  S.40.1./IV,263.Idha bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakka savicāra vivekaja pītisukha pahama jhāna upasampajja viharati. Ida vuccati pahama jhānan’ti. (在此,比丘離諸欲,離不善法,有尋、有伺,離生喜樂,達到初禪而住,此稱謂初禪)

Jhāna2 (from jhāyati2),中】大火(conflagration, fire)

Jhānika(< jhāna1),【形】1.入定者(已經達到禪定的人)2.禪定的。

jhāp﹐【字根VII.】發熱、發光、燃燒(to burn)

Jhāpaka, 【形】【陽】縱火的,煽動的(one who sets fire to (cp. jhāpeti), an incendiary J.III,71.)

Jhāpana,【中】縱火(setting fire to, consumption by fire)sarīrajhāpana-kicca, 火葬場(cremation)

Jhāpīyati (jhāpeti 燃燒的【被】), 被燃燒。

Jhāpita, (Jhāpeti‘燃燒的【過) 燃燒,火葬(set on fire Miln.47.)jhāpitakāla, 火葬之時(time of cremation)

Jhāpeti (jhāyati燃燒的【使】), 燃燒,縱火燒,火葬(荼ㄔㄚˊ毘;闍毘;闍維)【過】jhāpesi。【現jhāpenta。【獨】jhāpetvā, jhāpiya

Jhāma, jhāmaka,【形】燃燒的(burning, on fire, conflagration)

Jhāyaka,【陽】修禪者,打坐者(meditator)

Jhāyati (jhā沉思+a), 修禪,冥想。【過】jhāyi。【現jhāyanta。【獨】jhāyitvā

Jhāyati1(Sk. dhyāyati, dhī), 禪修(to meditate, contemplate, think upon, brood over)aor. jhāyisu thought of)。【過jhāyita

Jhāyati2 (Sk. kṣāyati to burn, kṣāy & kṣī, cp. khara & chārikā), 燃燒(to burn, to be on fire: fig. to be consumed, to waste away, to dry up)。【過】jhāyi【使】jhāpeticp. khīyati2

Jhāyati (jhā燃燒+ya), 燃燒,著火。

Jhāyana1 (der. fr. jhāyati1) ,【中】禪修(meditating)jhāyanasīla, 修禪(the practice of meditation (cp. Sk. dhyānayoga) VvA.38.)

Jhāyana2 (< jhāyati2), 火葬,燃燒(cremation, burning)

Jhāyin,【陽】修禪者,打坐者(meditative, self-concentrated, engaged in jhāna-practice)

jhe﹐【字根I.】靜靜思考(to muse)

 

Ñ

 

Ñ, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第十個輔音字母。發音是帶音的 ny,漢語沒有這個輔音,請參考西班牙語或馬來語的發音。

Ñatta,【中】學習,所知道的(the intellectual faculty, intelligence)

Ñatti (Sk. jñapti, from jñāpayati, caus. of jñā),【陰】公告,宣佈,宣言,聲明,建議(announcement, declaration)ñatticatutthena kammena upasampādetu.(具足白四羯摩。)

Ñatvā (<jānāti), 【獨】知道了,懂了,學會了。

ñar(jīr)﹐【字根I.】變老了(to get old)

ñā(jā)(jñā)﹐【字根V.】知(to know)

Ñāṇa (jñāṇa),【中】智智慧洞察力(knowledge, intelligence, insight, conviction, recognition)ñāṇakaraa,【形】造智的(使人領悟的)ñāṇacakkhu,【中】智眼(智慧的眼睛)ñāṇajāla,【中】智網(知識的網)ñāṇadassana,【中】智見(完美的知識)ñāṇavippayutta,【形】智不相應的(不與知識關聯的)ñāṇasampayutta,【形】智相應的(與知識關聯的)dvi ñāṇa(dvi jñāna)﹐二智:盡有有(yathajñāna;英knowledge of all convental phenomena)、如所有智(yāvatajñāna;英knowledge of all ultimate phenomena)

Ñāṇadassana,【中】智見,有十六觀智:一、名色分別智(nāmarūpaparicchdañāṇa)名色攝受智,或稱為「名色差別智」(nāmarūpavavaṭṭhānañāṇa)。二、緣攝受智(paccayapariggahañāṇa)三、思惟智(sammasanañāṇa)。四、生滅智(udayabbayañāṇaudaya+vaya+ñāṇa)。五、壞滅智(bhagañāṇaṁ)。六、怖畏智(bhayañāṇaṁ)。七、過患智(ādīnavañāṇa)。八、厭離智(nibbidāñāṇa)。九、欲解脫智(muñcitukamyatāñāṇa)。十、審察智(paisakhāñāṇa)。十一、行捨智(sakhar’upekkhañāṇa)。十二、隨順智(anulamañāṇa)。十三、種姓智(gotrabhūñāṇa)。十四、道智(maggañāṇa)。十五、果智(phalañāṇa)。十六、省察智(paccavekkhaañāṇa審察智)(詳見Vism.ch.18~22,pp. 587-697)

Ñāṇin,【形】具智的(擁有知識的),明智的人(knowing, one who is possessed of (right) knowledg)añāṇin,【形】無智的。

Ñāta (jānāti 的【過) 已被知道,已衆所周知,已認識到(known, well-known; experienced, brought to knowledge, realized)

Ñātaka,【陽】親戚,親屬,同一民族(或種族、家族)( a relation, relative, kinsman)

Ñāti,【陽】親戚,同一民族(或種族、家族)( a relation, relative)ñātikathā,【陰】親戚論。ñātidhamma,【陽】親戚的責任。ñātiparivaṭṭa,【中】親戚的圈子。ñātipeta,【陽】已故的親戚。ñātivyasana,【中】親戚的不幸。ñātisagaha,【陽】善待親戚。ñātisagha,【陽】宗親會。ñātisālohita,【陽】血親。Vbh.356.885. Tattha katamo ñātivitakko?  Ñātake ārabbha gehasito takko vitakko micchāsakappo-- aya vuccati “ñātivitakko”.(什麼叫做親戚尋於親戚進行與居家生活有關聯的12尋思、3邪思惟,這稱為親戚) KhA.141.Ñātakā nāma mātito vā pitito vā yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā sambandhā.(親戚︰指與父母有血緣關係的親戚,乃至七世之父祖。)

ñāp﹐【字根VII.】使知道(to cause to know),使高興(to please)

Ñāpana,【中】公告,通知。

Ñāpeti (ñā知道+āpe), 令知通告(to make known, to explain, to announce)。【過】āpesi。【過āpita。【現ñāpenta。【獨】ñāpetvā

Ñāya,【陽】方法,系統,正確的方式(method, truth, system)ñāyapaipanna,【形】正確行道(走在正確的路徑的)

ñi﹐【字根V.】征服(to conquer)

Ñeyya,【形】應該明白的。ñeyyadhamma,【陽】應該明白或瞭解的法(事物)

-ñū (-ññū) (adj.-suffix) (Sk. -jñā, from jānāti, *gn: cp. P. gū>Sk. ga), 知,認知(knowing, recognizing, acknowledging, in ughaitañū, katañū, kālañū, khaañū, mattañū, rattañū, varañū, vipacitañū, vedañū, sabbañū, etc.

 

 

, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第十一個輔音字母。發音是卷舌的 t,漢語沒有這個輔音,試試卷起舌來發漢語的 d

aka,【陽】割石頭的工具。

Ṭīkā,【陰】注釋。ṭīkācariya,【陽】注釋師。

 

h

 

h, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第十二個輔音字母。發音是卷舌送氣的 t,漢語沒有這個輔音,試試卷起舌來送氣發漢語的 t

hatvā, (tiṭṭhati 的【獨】), 站了,固定了,不改變了,停留了。【反】ahatvā

hapana,【中】hapanā,【陰】1.建立,安置,留住(setting up, placing, founding; establishment, arrangement, position)2.獨自,省略(letting alone, omission, suspension)

hapāpeti (hapeti 的【使】), 使放置。【過】hapāpesi。【獨】hapāpetvāhapayitvā, 【被】使被放置。

hapita, (hapeti的【過) 放置,已建立

hapeti (hā+āpe)(Caus. of tiṭṭhati),放置,建立,定下(一個日期),設立,留存(to place, set up, fix, arrange, establish; appoint to)。【過】hapesi。【現hapenta。【使hapāpeti。【獨】hapetvā

hapetvā (hapeti的【獨】), 放置了,剩下了,除了(=aññatra)

har﹐【字根I.】傳佈(to spread)

hā(sthā)﹐【字根I.】停留(to stay),站著(to stand)

hāna,【中】地方,位置,環境,理由,辦公室,因素,站立在,停留。hānaso,【副】就理由和因素。neta hāna vijjati﹐無有是處(這個立足點不存在)hānameta vijjati﹐則有是處(這個立足點存在)tesu tesu hānesu在在處處hānacakama, 站立與行走。hānantara,

hānīya(grd. of tiṭṭhati),【中】大都市。【形】站著,成為某位置(standing, having a certain position, founded on or caused by)

hāyaka,【形】站著的人。

hāpaka,【形】放置的人,保存的人。

hāyīn(from tiṭṭhati),【形】【中】站立的(standing, being in, being in a state of (-hāyī), staying with, dependent on (with Gen.):)(在【合】中) 情況中,持久的。

hita (tiṭṭhati 的【過】﹐sthīta), 已站,已固定,已不改變,已停留(的人)(standing, or immovable, or being, behaving in general. In the latter function often (with ger.) pleonastic for finite verb (cp. hapita); -- resting in, abiding in (-° or with Loc.); of time: lasting, enduring; fig. steadfast, firm, controlled)hitaka,【形】站著的人。hitaṭṭhāna,【中】立著的地方。hitatta,【中】直立的事實,停滯的事實。hitakappī(<hita+kappin)﹐「住劫者」。“Ayañca puggalo sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paipanno assa, kappassa ca uḍḍayhanavelā assa, neva tāva kappo uḍḍayheyya, yāvāya puggalo na sotāpattiphala sacchikaroti, aya vuccati puggalo hitakappī.Sabbepi maggasamagino puggalā  hitakappino”ti(此人為了作證預流果行道,而且應是劫的被燃燒時間,在此人未作證預流果前,劫不會燃燒。此人被稱為:「住劫者」。所有具足道的人都是住劫者。)(Pug.17.) nava cittasthīta﹐九心住。《瑜伽師地論》:「九種住心(nava cittasthīta)者,一安住心(cittasthāpana)。二攝住心(samsthāpana等住)。三解住心(avasthāpana安住)。四轉住心(upasthāpana近住)。五伏住心(damana調順)。六息住心(śamana寂靜)。七滅住心(vyupaśamana最極寂靜)。八性住心(ekotīkaraa專注一趣)。九持住心(samādhāna等持)。此九住教授方便。1應知繫緣者,謂安住心(將心安住於業處)2安心所緣不令離故,速攝者,謂攝住心(動亂漸息,能前後相續,但尚不長久)3若覺心亂速攝持故,內略者,謂解住心(心散亂、失念,立刻攝住)4覺心外廣更內略故,樂住者,謂轉住心(心愈來愈寬敞、內練,樂於攝心)5見定功德轉樂住故,調厭者,謂伏住心(心已調伏,不樂散亂)6心若不樂應折伏故,息亂者,謂息住心(心不正尋思,令折伏)7見亂過失令止息故,或起滅亦爾者,謂滅住心(偶爾失念,生貪、瞋及惡尋思,尋令息滅) 8貪憂等起即令滅故,所作心自流者,謂性住心(心已安定的相續,但還要用力去控制)9所作任運成自性故,爾時得無作者,謂持住心(心已安定,自然地相續,不必再加功用)不由作意得總持故,如是修習得住心已,次令此心得最上柔軟。」(T31.624.a-b)

hitatta (hita+atta),【形】自我控制的,克己的,自製的(standing, being placed; being appointed to, appointment)

hiti(sthiti),【陰】穩定性,持續時間,延續,久住(state (as opposed to becoming), stability, steadfastness; duration, continuance, immobility; persistence, keeping up)hitibhāgiya,【形】持久的,以持久 有關係的。【單.具﹑離﹑與﹑屬﹑處】hitiyā

hitika,【形】(在【合】中) 持久的,不朽的,靠生活的,由決定的(standing, lasting, enduring; existing, living on)

hitikā,【陰】一張輪流分配名單裡剛好分配到而停止(名字)的地方。

 

 

巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第十三個輔音字母。發音是卷舌的 d,漢語沒有這個輔音,試試卷起舌來發英語的 d

asati (as+a), 咬。【過】dasi。【過daṭṭha。【現dasanta, asamāna。【獨】dasitvā

asana,【中】咬,咀嚼,咬住。

ayhati (ahati 的【被】), 被燃燒。【過】dayhi。【現dayhamāna

ahati (dah+a), 燃燒,縱火燒。【過】dahi。【過daḍḍha。【現dahanta, ahamāna。【獨】dahitvā

as(daṅś / daś)﹐【字根I.】咬(to bite)

asa,【陽】虻(a yellow fly, gadfly (orig. “the bite”))asa-makasa-vātā-tapa-sirisapa-samphassāna

(=asamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassāna) paighātāya, 為了防禦虻、蚊、風、太陽、爬蟲類的接觸。

Ḍāka(Sk. sāka (nt.) on ś> cp. Sk. sākinī> dākinī),陽】【中】蔬菜,食用藥草(vegetable, eatable herbs)

Ḍāha,【陽】赤熱,熱,燃燒,燃的。

i﹐【字根I.】飛(to fly)

Ḍīyana,【中】飛。

eti (ḍī+a), 飛。【過】desi。【現denta

 

h

 

h, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第十四個輔音字母,這個輔音字母,在巴利文裡,它未曾出現在詞頭,只出現在詞尾而已。發音是卷舌送氣的 d,漢語沒有這個輔音,試試卷起舌來送氣發英語的 d

 

 

, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第十五個輔音字母,雖然這個字母被稱爲輔音,在巴利文裡,它卻只被當作韻尾來使用而已。發音是卷舌韻尾的 n

 

T

 

T, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第十六個輔音字母。發音好像漢語中清音的 d

Ta (指示的【代】), 那,(so = 他,sā = 她,ta = 某事,那件事)

 

陽性(m.)

中性(n.)

陰性(f.)

(sg.)

(pl.)

(sg.)

(pl.)

(sg.)

(pl.)

so & sa

Te

(ne)

tatad(older)na

tānināni

sā

tā & tāyo

(nānāyo)

ta(na)

te (ne)

tatadna

tānināni

ta

te

tena

(nena)

tehi & tebhi

(nehinebhi)

同陽性

同陽性

tāya

(nāya)

tāhi & tābhi

(nāhinābhi)

tasmā & tamhā

tehi & tebhi

(nehinebhi)

同陽性

同陽性

tāya

(nāya)

tāhi & tābhi

(nāhinābhi)

.﹑屬

tassa

(nassa)

tesa& tesāna

(nesanesānaṁ)

同陽性

同陽性

tāya

(nāyatassā tassāyatissātissāya)

tāsatāsāna

tasmi tamhi

(nasminamhi)

tesu

(nesu)

同陽性

同陽性

tāya

(tāsatassatissa)

tāsu

tesa tesa﹐各種,彼彼。ta ena﹐立即(at once, presently (=tāvad-eva))tadeva(ta+d+eva強調語氣)﹐他正是、正是他。teneta﹐所以這樣。tassa me我這個人的(ta, (sg.Gen.),用來強調me(sg.Gen.)<amha)

Tam ena= Tamenaṁ(tam+ena<eta這、那)

takk(tark)﹐【字根VII.】尋、沉思(to ponder)、思索。

Takka1(Sk. tarka doubt; science of logic),【陽】想,推論,邏輯。Opp. to takka (=micchā-sakappo Vbh 86, 356) is dhammatakka right thought (:vuccati sammā-sakappo Nd2 318; cp. Dhs 7, 298), D I.16 (takkapariyāhata); M I.68 (id.); Sn 209 (takka pahāya na upeti sakha) 885 (doubt), 886; Dhs 7, 21, 298 (+vitakka, trsl. as “ratiocination” by Mrs. Rh. D.); Vbh 86, 237 (sammātakka) 356; Vism 189.takkāgama, (正確的)推論而來(Dāvs V.22)takkāvacara as neg. atakkâvacarâ in phrase dhammā gambhīrā duddasā a° nipuṇā (views, etc.) deep, difficult to know, beyond logic (or sophistry: i. e. not accessible to doubt?), profound Vin I.4=D I.12=S I.136=M I.487. Gogerley trsl. “unattainable by reasoning,” Andersen “being beyond the sphere of thought”takkāsaya room for doubt Sn 972takkagahaa the thicket of doubt or sophistry J I.97takkavaḍḍhana increasing, furthering doubt or wrong ideas Sn 1084 (see Nd2 269)takkahetu ground for doubt (or reasoning?) A II.193=Nd2 151.See also vitakka.

Takka2,【中】酪乳(buttermilk凝乳(dadhi)1/4水攪拌而成。Miln.173; J.I.340; II.363)

Takkana,【中】思考,推理。

Takkara,【形】在其中的行爲者。【陽】小偷。

Takkasilā,【陰】呾叉始羅(陀羅國 (Gandhāra) 的一城名。在那裡有一所聞名的大學)

Takkika, takkī,【陽】詭辯學者,論理學者。

Takketi (takk+e), 思考,說服,爭論,信賴。【過】takkesi。【過takkita。【獨】takketvā

Takkola,【中】芳香樹膠( Guggulu),一種香水( Kakkola 植物的漿果製成的香水)

Tagara,【中】冠狀狗牙花((Ervatamia coronaria)〔莢竹桃科〕的一種栽培灌木,花冠卷起或波狀亦稱亞當蘋果 (Adam’s apple))

Taggaruka,【形】在其上彎曲的。

Taggha, (肯定語的虛詞)真實地,當然,如果它是如此。

Tacataco(tvak【中】) 【中】【陽】皮,皮膚,樹皮,獸皮。tacagandha,【陽】樹皮的氣味。tacapañcaka,【中】皮組的五個(與皮組成的一組的五個,即:髮、毛、爪、齒、皮 kesā, lomā, nakhā, dantā, taco)tacapariyosāna,【形】以皮爲限的。tacarasa,樹皮味。tacasāra﹐竹。

tacch﹐【字根I.】削(to chip),剝(to pare),削減、切割(to cut)

Taccha,【形】真實的,真正的。【中】事實。

Tacchaka,【陽】木匠,切木材的工具(鏨,鑿,切碎機,切片機,削片機等)

Tacchati (tacch+a), 削,切(成小片),削(成薄片),削尖,刨削,鑿,鏟,刻。【過】tacchi。【過tacchita。【獨】tacchitvā

Tacchana,【中】切下,削去()

Tacchanī,【陰】錛子(chip-axe)

Taccheti (tacch+e), 削。【過】tacchesi。【過tacchita。【現tacchenta,【獨】tacchetvā

tajj(tarj)﹐【字根VII.】威脅(to threaten)

Tajja(tad+ya, cp.Sk.tadīya),【形】屬於這個(belonging to this),基於這個(founded on this or that; on the ground of this (or these))tajjo ca vāyāmo, 適當的努力(a suitable effort)

Tajjanā(<tajjeti),【陰】威脅(threat, menace)

Tajjaniya,【形】被責難的,被指責的。

Tajjanī,【陰】食指(日語:人差し指hitosashi yubi)

Tajjeti (tajj+e), 驚嚇,恐嚇。【過】tajjesi。【過tajjita。【現tajjenta。【獨】tajjetvāmaraabhayatajjitā,以死來恐嚇。

Taa,【中】河邊,河岸。【陽】斷崖。

Taa-taṭāyati (taa 的【擬】), 發出嗒嗒 (at at)的聲音【過】taa-taṭāyi,【現taataṭāyamāna

Taṭṭaka,【中】盤子,粥碗。

Taṭṭikā,【陰】小墊,皮坐墊。

Taṇḍula (taṇḍula),【中】米粒(rice-grain),去殼米(rice husked & ready for boiling)taṇḍulamuṭṭhi,【陽】一把米。sāli-taṇḍula,【中】去殼米。

Tahā (梵語ṭṛṣṇā,俗語tihātahā,佛教梵語tasiṇā,犍陀羅語taṅṣatasiṇā),【陰】愛,渴望,口渴,貪欲,執著。S.12.2./II,3.“Katamā ca, bhikkhave, tahā? Chayime, bhikkhave, tahākāyā--rūpatahā, saddatahā, gandhatahā, rasatahā, phoṭṭhabbatahā, dhammatahā. Aya vuccati, bhikkhave, tahā.(諸比丘!何為?諸比丘!此等有六愛身:色愛、聲愛、香愛、味愛、觸愛、法愛,諸比丘!以此謂之愛。) tahākkhaya,【陽】愛盡(渴的破壞)tahājāla,【中】愛網(渴望的陷阱)tahādutiya,【形】以渴爲友的。tahāpaccaya,【形】愛緣的(由渴望引起的)tahāvicarita, 愛伺(渴望的思潮)tahāsakhaya,【陽】愛全盡(渴望的完成破壞)tahāsayojana,【中】愛桎梏(渴望的腳鐐和手銬)tahāsalla,【中】愛鏢(渴望的飛鑣)DA.15./II,500.kāmatahāti pañcakāmaguikarāgavasena uppannā  rūpāditahā. Bhavatahāti sassatadiṭṭhisahagato rāgo. Vibhavatahāti ucchedadiṭṭhisahagato rāgo.((三渴愛︰)欲愛︰於色等法,生起染著五欲的貪愛。有愛︰染著伴隨恆常的見解(常見)無有愛︰染著伴隨斷滅的(粉碎的)見解。)《分別論》(Vbh.p.358.)Yo bhavesu bhavacchando bhavarāgo bhavanandī bhavatahā bhavasineho bhavapariḷāho bhavamucchā bhavajjhosāna--aya vuccati “bhavatahā”.(凡是在上有有欲、有染、有喜、有愛、有貪、有熱、有迷、有黏,這稱為有愛)

Tahīyati (tahā 的【派】),有渴望。【過】tahīyi

Tata (tanoti 的【過), 已延長,已展開。

Tatiya,【形】第三。tatiyā,【陰】(巴利語法)第三格,即:工具格。tatiya,【副】第三次。

Tato,【無】從那裡,從那,從此,從那時起,因此,乃至。tatopaṭṭhāya,【無】從那時,自從,自以來。tatonidāna,【副】由於。tatopara,【無】在之外。tato, m.n.Abl.sg., 作「比較對象(指前面之事)」。tato tato﹐就從那時,到處。

Tatta1(tapati 的【過), 已加熱,已白熱化,已發熱(heated, hot, glowing; of metals: in a melted state(cp. uttatta)) A.II.122≈(tattena talena osiñcante, as punishment); Dh.308.(ayogua); J.II.352 (id.); IV.306 (tattatapo “of red-hot heat,” i. e. in severe self-torture); Miln.26, 45 (adv. red-hot); PvA 221 (tatta-lohasecana the pouring over of glowing copper, one of the punishments in Niraya)

Tatta2 (tad+tva)【中】真實(truth)tattato,【無】正確地(according to truth; accurately)

Tattaka1(tatta pp. of tappati2+ka), (pleasing, agreeable, pleasant)(bhojana)

Tattaka2 (=tāvataka),【形】那麽多如此的大小(of such size, so large Vism 184 (corresponding with yattaka))tattaka kāla, (so long, just that time, i. e. the specified time (may be long or short=only so long) DhA I.103 (v. l. ettaka); II.16 (=ettaka))

Tattha, tatra,【副】那裡(there),在那個地方中(in that place)tattha tattha【副】,這裡那裡(here and there),在不同的地方(in various places)到處(all over﹐台語:四界si3 kue3(ke3)、逐所在tak8 so2 cai7)tatth’eva (= tattha eva=tatthevaeva強調語)﹐就在那裡。

Tatha,【形】真實的,真正的。【中】事實。tathatā,【陰】真實,如此的相像,如性。tathatta,【中】如此的情況,事實。tathavacana,【形】說實在的。Ps.CS:pg.1.95-6.Tathaṭṭhoti yathāsabhāvaṭṭho.(如義︰依照自性之義。) (SA.12.20./II,41.Ps.CS:p.1.227Vism.518.)So panāya tehi tehi paccayehi anūnādhikeheva tassa tassa dhammassa sambhavato tathatāti, sāmaggi upagatesu paccayesu muhuttampi tato nibbattadhammāna asambhavābhāvato avitathatāti, aññadhammapaccayehi aññadhammānuppattito anaññathatāti, yathāvuttāna etesa jarāmaraṇādīna paccayato vā paccayasamūhato vā idappaccayatāti vutto.(這(緣起)由於這樣不少不多的緣而發生那樣的法,故說「如性」;因為諸緣和合之時,雖一須臾,想不從此而發生諸法是不可能的。所以說「不違如性」。不能由其他諸法的(生起之)緣而生起別的法,所以說「不他性」;是上面所述的此等老死等的緣之故,或為它們的緣的聚合之故,說為「此緣性」。而此(此緣性的)語義是這樣:是此等(老死等)的緣為此緣,此緣即為此緣性;或以此緣的聚合為此緣性。)

Tathā, tatra【副】如此,那樣,以這種方式。tathākārī,【形】如此行動的。Tathāgata,【形】如來tathābhāva,【陽】如此性,如此情況。tathārūpa,【形】如此的,像那樣的,如此這般的,十分地。tatheva,【副】同樣地。tathevāha= tathā eva aha, 同樣地,我Yathā ida tathā eta, yathā eta tathā ida, 那個就像這個,這個就像那個。

Tathā … , yathā ..., 如此,以便tathāsaññī, 信以為真。

Tathāgata(tathāgata),【形】如來,真人,音譯:多陀阿伽陀、多他阿伽度、多陀阿伽度、怛薩阿竭、怛他多、多阿竭。Yathāvādī bhikkhave Tathāgato tathākārī yathākarī tathāvārī iti yathāvādī tathākārī yathākārī tathāvārī, tasmā Tathāgato ti vuccati.(比丘們!如來是如是說而如是行者,如是行而如是說者,如此,如是說而如是行,如是行而如是說,故被稱為如來。) Sadevake bhikkhave loke samārake sabrahmake sassamanabrahmaniyā pajayā sadevamanussāya Tathāgato abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī, tasmā Tathāgato ti vuccati.(諸比丘!於天、魔、梵天、沙門、婆羅門、神、人世間中,如來是勝利者,不被征服者,見一切者,有自在力者,故被稱為如來。) mā bhikkhave Tathāgata nāmena ca āvusovādena ca samudācaratha.(諸比丘!汝等從今後勿以「名」、以「卿」稱呼世尊!)

  “Ya, bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa samārakassa sabrahmakassa sassamaabrāhmaiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya diṭṭha suta muta viññāta patta (A.4.23./II,24.) pariyesita anuvicarita manasā, sabba ta Tathāgatena abhisambuddha. TasmāTathāgato’ti vuccati.(諸比丘!天、魔、梵天、世間之沙門、婆羅門、天、人眾之所見、所聞、所覺(即:香、味、觸)、所了別、所得、所求、於意所伺察之一切,如來皆已覺了,故名如來)

 “Yañca, bhikkhave, ratti Tathāgato anuttara sammāsambodhi abhisambujjhati yañca ratti anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati, ya etasmi antare bhāsati lapati niddisati sabba ta tatheva hoti, no aññathā. TasmāTathāgato’ti vuccati.(諸比丘!又,如來自覺悟之日,至於如來般涅槃日,於其中間,所說一切、所談,乃至    所解說者,祇是而已,而非不如,故名如來)(《中阿含137經》︰「若如來口有所言說,有所應對者,彼一切是真諦,不虛不離於如,亦非顛倒,真諦審實,若說師子者,當如說如來。」(T1.645.2))

 “Yathāvādī, bhikkhave, Tathāgato tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Iti yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. TasmāTathāgato’ti vuccati.( 諸比丘!如來行如所說,言如所行,唯行如所言,言如所行,故名如來)

 A.1.13./I,22.“Sadevake, bhikkhave, loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaabrāhmaiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya Tathāgato abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthu daso vasavattī. TasmāTathāgato’ti vuccati”.( 諸比丘!於天、魔、梵天、世間之沙門、婆羅門、天、人之眾,如來為勝,無能勝者,是徧見,轉於自在,故名如來)

A.1.13./I,22.“Ekapuggalo, bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjati adutiyo asahāyo appaimo appaisamo appaibhāgo appaipuggalo asamo asamasamo dvipadāna aggo. Katamo ekapuggalo? Tathāgato araha sammāsambuddho.( 諸比丘!有一人出世,是為無二、無侶、無似、無比、無對、無匹、無等等、兩足中之最尊者之出世。什麼是一人?如來、應供、正自覺者。)

Tathāgata-bala,【中】如來力(佛力)

Tatratatratatra tatra﹐【副】這裡那裡(here and there彼彼)

Tatramajjhattatā(< tatra那裡+majjhattatā中和),【陰】中捨性直譯為「位於中間」心平衡、平等。這是捨心(upekhā)的同義詞不是捨受。

Tadagge,【副】自此以後,今後。

Tadaga,【形】暫時的(日語:とうぶんのあいだ,当分の間)【中】那部分。tadagappahāna,【中】暫斷(彼分斷),暫時斷除煩惱。

Tadattha,【無】(ta+attha), 對那(實用)場合來說。

Tadanurūpa,【形】符合那樣的。

Tadaha, tadahu,【中】同一天。tadahuposathe,【處】在布薩日(在齋戒日)

Tadā,【無】那時,然後。tadāssu﹐【祈.1.複】【祈.3.複】那時,令我們(他們)…

Tadārammaa, 【中】彼所緣。(Vibhv.CS:p.125)Tatajavanaggahitārammaassa ārammaakaraa tadārammaakicca.(以速行所取的所緣,作為所緣,是彼所緣的作用。)當目標不明顯或不清晰,以及當心路過程並不屬於欲界時,「彼所緣」的作用不會產生。)

Tadupiya,【形】與那一致的,與那相符合的,適合的。

Tadupeta,【形】賦予那的,有那的。

Tan(tan, tā)﹐【字根VI.】使伸展、使延伸(to spread)

Tanaya, tanuja,【陽】兒子,後代。

Tanayā, tanujā,【陰】女兒。

Tanu,【形】瘦的,苗條的。tanuka,【形】瘦的。tanukata,【形】減肥的(做給它瘦的),減少的。tanukaraa,【中】減肥,減少。tanutara,【形】較瘦的。tanutā, tanutta,【中】tanubhāva,【陽】瘦,減少。

Tanu,【陰】【中】身體。tanuruha,【中】在身體上的毛髮。

Tanoti (tan+o), 擴充,伸展。【過】tani。【過tata

Tanta,【中】線,細繩,織布機。tantavāya,【陽】織布者。tantākulakajāta,【形】像紊亂線球一樣的。

Tanti,【陰】琴弦,繩,世系,傳統,神聖的本文。tantidhara,【形】維持傳統者。tantissara,【陽】弦音樂,琵琶的樂聲。

Tantu,【陽】線,繩索,細繩。

Tandita,【形】疲倦的,懶惰的,不活躍的。

Tanditandī (tandrī﹐疲倦),【陰】疲倦,怠惰。

tap(tap)﹐【字根I.】使發光(to shine),加熱(to heat)

tap(tap)﹐【字根III.】變成熱的(to be heated),後悔(to repent)

TapaTapo(<tapati<tap(tap)使發光),【陽】【中】(mano-group), 苦修(penance),熱心修行(religious austerity, ascetic practice),鍛鍊。(在【合】中它的尾母音 a 被改成 o 而得詞形 tapo) tapakamma, 熱心修行(ascetic practice) tapajigucchā, 修習厭惡()(disgust for asceticism)Tapapakkama(=tapa+upakkama, or tapo-kamma?)= tapakamma苦行。tapavana﹐苦行林(the ascetic’s forest)Tapodārāma﹐溫泉林(溫泉精舍),位於王舍城舊址附近,至今仍有溫泉。SA.1.58./I,94.Tapoti indriyasavara-dhutagagua-vīriya-dukkarakārikāna nāma, idha pana hapetvā dukkarakārika sabbāpi kilesasantāpikā paipadā vaṭṭati. (苦行︰轉向守護根門、頭陀支、英雄本色、做難做的事,燒烤一切污染的行道。) KhA.CS:p.128tapo cāti ettha pāpake dhamme tapatīti tapo.(熱心:指燃燒諸惡法。)《摩奴法論》ch.2.#83.︰「調息是最高的苦行。」

Tapassin (tapas+vin; see tapati & tapa) , 【形】【中】熱心修行者(one devoted to religious austerities, an ascetic (non-Buddhist). Fig. one who exercises sel

Tapokamma,【中】熱心修行(ascetic practice)tapokammadhana,【形】以自製爲財富的,熱心修行者。tapokammavana,【中】道場(適合宗教性修行的地方)

Tapati (tap使發光+a), 燃燒,照亮。【過】tapi。【現tapanta, tapamānager. tapanīyapp. tatta1

Tapana,【中】【形】燃燒,熱,折磨,苦修(burning, heat; fig. torment, torture, austerity)。【陰】tapanī

Tapanīya1(grd. of tapati), 燃燒,自我折磨,苦修(burning: fig. inducing selftorture, causing remorse, mortifying)

Tapanīya2(tapaneyya (J V.372) & tapañña (J VI.218), orig. grd. of tapati),【中】照亮,亮金屬(shining; (n.) the shining, bright metal, i. e. gold (=rattasuvaṇṇa))

Tapassī(Tapassin, tapas+vin),【形】【中】獻身於宗教性的苦行。【陽】隱士,苦行僧。tapassinī,【陰】苦行尼。

tapp﹐【字根I.】使滿意(to be satisfied)

Tappaa(Sk. tarpaa),【中】使飽足,點心,飲料。

Tappati1(Sk. tapyate, pass. of tapati‘照亮燃燒’), 燃燒(to burn),折磨(to be tormented)。【過】tappi。【現tappamāna

Tappati2 (Sk. tpyate, caus. Tarpayati) (Instr.)滿足(to be satiated, to be pleased, to be satisfied)grd. tappiya satiable, in atappiya-vatthūni (16) objects of insatiability J III.342 (in full). Also tappaya in cpd. dut° hard to be satisfied; pp. titta. -- Caus. tappeti to satisfy, entertain, regale, feed It 67 (annapānena); Pv II.48 (id.) Miln.227。【過tappita

Tappara(Sk. tatpara),【形】獻身於,徹底地贈予(quite given to or intent upon (-°), diligent, devoted)

Tappita, (tappeti‘使滿足’) 的【過】。

Tappiya,【形】可滿足的。【獨】飽足了。

Tappeti (tapp使滿意+e), 飽足,使滿足。【過】tappesi。【現tappenta。【獨】tappetvā, tappiya

Tappetar,【陽】飽足的人。

Tabbahula,【形】有豐富地,有時常的。

Tabbipakkha,【形】與那敵對的。

Tabbiparīta,【形】不同的(different)

Tabbisaya,【形】不同的(various)

Tabbhāva,【陽】那個境界,真正的本性。

-tama,-ma; -ittha,-ssika,-sika, 【字尾】最…(最高級的接尾詞)。例句:papatama, papittha, pāpiyasikā, papiyyasika最惡的【形】。

Tama, Tamo(Sk. tamas, tam & tim),【陽】【中】(mano-group) 黑暗,無知(darkness (syn. andhakāra, opp. joti))(在【合】中它變成 tamo)tamakhandha,【陽】大黑暗。tamanaddha,【形】被黑暗包圍的。tamandhakāra,【陽】大黑暗((complete) darkness (of night)JA.III,3960.)tamanuda,【形】驅散黑暗者。tamaparāyaa,【形】有黑暗狀態的命運的。S.3.21./I,93.“Kathañca, mahārāja puggalo tamotamaparāyano hoti? Idha, mahārāja, ekacco puggalo nīce kule paccājāto hoti, 1caṇḍālakule vā 2venakule vā 3nesādakule vā 4rathakārakule vā 5pukkusakule vā dalidde appannapānabhojane (S.3.21./I,94.) kasiravuttike yattha kasirena ghāsacchādo labbhati. So ca hoti dubbao duddasiko okoimako bavhābādho kāṇo vā kuṇī vā khañjo vā pakkhahato vā, na lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa. So kāyena duccarita carati, vācāya duccarita carati, manasā duccarita carati. So kāyena duccarita caritvā vācāya duccarita caritvā manasā duccarita caritvā, kāyassa bhedā para maraṇā apāya duggati vinipāta niraya upapajjati.(大王!如何為由闇入闇?大王!今有人生於卑賤之家(nīce kule)--1生於旃陀羅家、或2獵師家、或3竹匠家、或4車匠家、或5清潔工家庭,貧窮而缺乏飲食受用,活命困難且衣食乏少。又,他是臉醜,形醜,矮陋(駝背 okoimako=lakuntako?),病多,或眼盲、或手殘、或跛者、成半身不遂,而不得食、飲、衣、車,鬘、香、塗油,臥具、座敷、燈明。彼身為惡行、語為惡行、意為惡行。彼為此身、語、意之惡行,身體毀壞死後,墮於苦處、惡處、地獄。大王!譬喻人由闇入闇,由闇入闇,即由血暗入血暗。大王!我說譬喻此人。大王!如是等人是由闇入闇。)

Tamāla [Sk. tamāla] 樹名(Xanthochymus pictorius)

Tamāla(Sk. tamāla),【陽】印度月桂樹 (Cinnamomum tamala)

Tamba(Sk. tāmra, orig. adj.=dark coloured, leaden),【形】銅色,褐色。【中】銅(copper)tambakesa,【形】有黃褐色頭髮的。tambacūla,【陽】公雞。tambanakha,【形】有褐色指甲的。tambanetta,【形】有褐色眼睛的。tambabhājana,【中】銅器皿。Tāmrapaṃīya-nikāya(), 赤銅鍱部

Tambūla(Sk. tambūla),【中】檳榔(betel or betel-leaves)tambūlapasibbaka,【陽】裝檳榔的皮包。tambūlapeḷā,【陰】裝檳榔的盒子。檳榔是用卵圓形葉子的蔞葉(蒟醬葉betel-leaf﹐學名Piper betel L.)來包裹檳榔子。蔞葉與黑胡椒同屬胡椒科,光滑油綠的葉片大約手掌大,可以整片攤開塗抹香料,也可以像春卷一樣捲起來,所包的料,例如檳榔子、冰糖、丁香、豆蔻、茴香、肉桂、薑、檸檬香茅、芫荽葉(香菜)、廣霍香葉、玫瑰花瓣、露兜樹糖漿、茉莉糖漿、岩蘭草糖漿等。

Taya, -taya,(f. tisso, nt. tīṇi; Vedic traya, trī & trīṇi)【中】Nom.Acc.m.三個一組。tayājja(=tayā ajja)﹐三時(晝夜各三時)

Tayo (ti 的【主.複】) (f. tisso, nt. tīṇi; Vedic traya, trī & trīṇi;), ()num. card. three. Nom.-Acc.m. tayo & tayas, f. tisso, nt. tīṇi, also used as absolute form (eka dve tīṇi) Gen.m.nt. tiṇṇa, f. tissanna; Instr. tīhi; Loc. tīsu. -- In composition & derivation: ti in numerical cpds.: tidasa (30); tisata (300); tisahassa (3000); in numerical derivations: tisa (30), tika (triad), tikkhattu (thrice); tidhā (threefold). -- In nominal cpds.: see ti° te (a) in numerical cpds.: terasa & teasa(13) (Sk. trayodaśa, Lat. Tredecim); tevīsa (23) ; tettisa (33); tesaṭṭhi (63)(b) in nominal cpds.: see te-.

tar﹐【字根I.】越過(to cross)

tar (tvar)﹐【字根I.】匆匆(to be hasty)

Tara,【形】(在【合】中)橫越,渡過(crossing, “transit,” passing over)

-tara,-ra; -iya,-iyya, 【字尾】較…(比較級的接尾詞)。例句:papa惡的【形】,papatara, papiya, papiyya, 較惡的【形】

Taraga(tara+ga),【陽】波(a wave, Vism.157)

Taraccha(taraku & taraka),【陽】鬣狗、土狼(hyaena)。【陰】taracchi

Taraa,【中】橫越,渡過。

Taraṇī,【陰】船,舟。

Tarati1(tar+a), 越過,渡過。【過】tari。【獨】taritvā

Tarati2, 匆忙(to be in a hurry, to make haste)。【過tarita。【現taranta, taramānagrd. taraṇīya

Taramānarūpa(Taramāna-rūpa),【形】形色匆匆的。taramānappr. of tarati (匆匆)   -rūpa : adj. 的樣子;像似的。

Tari,【陰】船,舟。

Taritu,【陽】渡過的人,越過的人。

Taru(Perhaps dialect. for dāru),【陽】樹。tarusaṇḍa,【陽】小樹林。

Tarua,【形】1.年輕的,嬌嫩的,新鮮的(tender, of tender age, young; new, newly)2.【陽】【陰】幼苗(the shoot of a plant, or a young plant)。【陽】年輕人。taruṇī,【陰】少女,年輕未婚女子。cf. yuvatī,【陰】少女(young woman)taruavaccha, taruavacchaka,【陽】幼犢。taruavacchī,【陰】雌幼犢。DhA.v.135./CS:pg.2.38.“taruabhāveyeva patikulagamanatthāyā”ti.(希望嫁給如意郎君(青少男))

Tala,【中】平面,平地面,基礎,平坦的屋頂,舞臺,武器的刀鋒,手掌或腳掌(日語:つちふままず, 土踏まず)talaghātaka,【中】掌摑。talasattika,【中】舉手示威的模樣,舉手作武器。

Talua, Taluna(=tarua),形】年輕的,幼嫩的。【陽】年輕人。

Taḷāka,【陽】【中】湖。

Tava…natthi , 不要沒有。

tas﹐【字根I.】害怕、擔憂(to fear)。【字根III.】害怕(to be afraid)

Tasa(from tasati2),【形】1.發抖的,會驚慌的(trembling, frightened)2.移動的(moving, running)

Tasati1 (tas+a﹐梵tṛṣyati), 口渴(to be thirsty),渴望(to crave for)

Tasati2 (tas +a), 戰慄(to tremble),被驚嚇(to be frightened)。【過】tasi。【過tasita。【現tasanta。【獨】tasitvā

Tasmā(ta的陽...), 從它,由此,是故。

Tasmātiha(tasmā(ta的離格)+t+iha這裡)﹐從這裡。

Tasinā(=tahā),【陰】渴望,口渴。

Taha, tahi,【副】那裡,在其上,在那個地方中。

Ta ta(tataṁ)﹐彼彼,這個那個。

tā﹐【字根III.】保護(to protect)

-tā, 附在陰性名詞的字尾,變成抽象名詞。

Tāṇa,【中】保護,避難所,庇護所。tāṇatā,【陰】保護。

Tāta(Vedic tāta),【陽】親愛的(用於親切、友善地稱呼長輩或晚輩包括:父親,兒子,大臣,比丘)(Voc. sg. tāta(pl. tātā))amma tāta﹐媽咪和爹地(mammy & daddy)Asantā kira ma jammā, tāta tātāti bhāsare;, 叫爸、爸

Tātar(from Vedic trā, n. ag. to trāyati to protect) 保護者(protector, saviour, helper. For meaning “father” see tāta & cp. pitā=tāyitā.

Tādisa, tādisaka, tādī,【形】如此的,如此的品質。Tādin (adj.n.) (Nom.tādī & tādi, in cpds.tādi°) [Vedic tādṛś from tad-dṛś of such appearance] such, such like, of such (good) qualities, 【屬】tādino。【工】tādināAcc. tādiLoc.pl. tādisu

Tāpana(from tāpeti),【中】1.燒焦,自我折磨,使痛苦(burning, scorching, roasting)2.燃燒地獄,八大地獄之一。

Tāpasa(from tapa & tapas),【陽】苦行者(one who practises tapas, an ascetic (brahmin))tāpasapabbajjātāpasī,【陰】女苦行者。DA.3./I,270.Aṭṭhavidhā hi tāpasā(八種苦行)—(1)saputtabhariyā, (2)uñchācariyā, (3)anaggipakkikā, (4)asāmapākā, (5)asmamuṭṭhikā, (6)dantavakkalikā, (7)pavattaphalabhojanā, (8)paṇḍupalāsikāti.

Tāma (Sk. tāma), 欲望(desire, longing, greed in tāmatamadasagha- suppahīna)

Tāpeti (tapati 的【使】;Sk. tāpayati), 使燒焦,折磨,使激動(to burn out, scorch, torment)。【過】tāpesi。【過tāpita。【現tāpenta, tāpayamāna。【獨】tāpetvā

Tāmbūlī,【陰】蔞葉藤(betel creeeper一種纏繞的胡椒(Piper Betle)産於印度、馬來亞地區的一種四季常青的蔓生灌木,常用其卵圓形葉子來包裹檳椰子)

Tāyati (tā +ya), 保護,保存,滋養。【過】tāyi。【過tāyita。【獨】tāyitvā。【不】tāyitu

Tāyana,【中】保護,保護所

Tārakā, tārā,【陰】星。tāragaa,【陽】一大群星。tārapati,【陽】月亮。tārapatha,【陽】天空。

Tāreti (tarati 的【使】), 使渡過,幫助度過,協助。【過】tāresi。【過tārita。【現tārenta, tārayamāna。【獨】tāretvā

Tāretu,【陽】幫助越過的人,救星。

tāḷ﹐【字根VII.】打(to beat)

Tāla,【陽】多羅樹、哆羅樹,屬於棕櫚科,學名(Palmae),單子葉植物,約217屬,2500種,大部份分佈於熱帶和亞熱帶地區,高達三十多公尺的巨大「草」,生長於印度、錫蘭,頂部長出直徑三公尺的掌狀大樹葉,可作傘、扇、屋頂材料。作為刻字書寫的棕櫚樹是(talipotCorypha umbraculifera)tālaṭṭhika,【中】多羅果。tālakanda,【陽】多羅果的芽(曬乾或煮熟爲食物)tālakkhandha,【陽】多羅樹樹幹。tālapakka,【中】多羅樹的核果。tālapaṇṇa,【中】椰子樹葉(palm-leaf通常做扇)tālapatta,【中】多羅樹葉(palm-leaf用爲蓋屋的材料等)tālavaṇṭa,【中】扇子(直譯:多羅樹的葉柄,這是〔語法〕誤用 tālavaṭṭa =以多羅樹葉製成的圓形物)S.22.3./III,10.te Tathāgatassa pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvakatā āyati anuppādadhammā.(那些(諸法)已被如來所斷,切斷其根,截多羅樹頭,作成烏有,成為未來不再生的諸法。) SA.12.35.Tālāvatthukatānīti tālavatthu viya katāni, puna aviruhaaṭṭhena matthakacchinnatālo viya samūla tāla uddharitvā tassa patiṭṭhitaṭṭhāna viya ca katānīti attho.(截多羅樹頭:如截多羅樹頭,切斷多羅樹頂部,包括多羅樹根的站立處連根拔起而不成長。)

Tālāvatthukata,【形】提出無根據的,連根拔起的。

Tālu,【陽】上顎(palate)tāluja,【形】上顎音(即:舌面前音,由舌面前部和硬齶前部構成阻礙而發出的輔音。發音時,舌面前部擡起,靠近或抵觸硬齶前部,使氣流在此受阻。如普通話的〔(j)、〔tә ‘(q)、〔ә(x)。或舌面中音,由舌面中部和硬齶中部構成阻礙而發出的輔音。發音時,舌面中部擡起,靠近或抵觸硬齶中部,使氣流在此受阻。如山東煙臺話,讀〔ci〕、讀〔c’i〕、讀〔ςi〕,聲母均爲舌面中音)

Tāva(Sk. tāvat),【無】這麽多,這麽長,首先,先說,直到,至於(so much, so long)tāvakālika,【形】暫時的,臨時的。tāvataka,【形】僅僅這麽多,僅僅這麽長。yāva-tāva, yāvatāva, 期間,只要(as long as)

Tāvatā,【副】這麽長,爲了那個緣故,以那樣多。

Tāvatisa(trāyastriṃśat),【陽】忉利天,三十三天(天名)tāvatisabhavana,【中】三十三天神的王國。

Tāvade, tāvadeva,【無】那時,在那個時候,立即地。Mv.I,42.Eseva dhammo yadi tāvadeva, paccabyattha padamasoka.(若這確實是()法,你已經貫通無憂處。)

Tāḷa,【陽】鑰匙,鐃鈸(cymbal)(大體上)音樂。tāḷacchidda, tāḷacchiggla,【中】鎖眼。tāḷavacara,【中】音樂。【陽】音樂家。

Tāḷana,【中】打,敲。

Tāḷeti (tal +e), 襲擊,打,鞭打。【過】tāḷesi。【過tāḷita。【現tāḷenta。【獨】tāḷetvā

Tāsa,【陽】恐怖,恐懼,發抖。

Tāsana,【中】驚嚇,刺穿。

Tāseti (tasati 的【使】), 使戰慄,驚嚇,使陷於苦境。【過】tāsesi。【過tāsita。【現tāsenta, tāsayamāna。【獨】tāsetvā

Ti,【形】三(所有詞性的複數詞尾變化構型)tikauka,【中】三種調味品。tikkhattu,【副】三次。tigāvuta,【形】三伽浮他 (gāvuta) 的長度。ticīvara, 三袈裟(即:僧伽梨 saghāṭi、上衣 uttarāsaga、下衣antaravāsaka)tipiaka,【中】三藏(佛教經典)tipeaka, tipeakī,【形】三藏師。tiyāma,【陰】夜晚。tiyojana,【中】三由旬(距離)。【形】三由旬的長度。tiligika,【形】屬於三種性別的(尤指語法詞性:陽)【陰】【中性】。tiloka,【陽】三界(欲界、色界、無色界)tivagga,【形】三品。tivagika,【形】有三個成份。tivassika,【形】三歲。tividha,【形】三倍的。

Tika,【中】三個一組。【形】三數的。

Tikicchaka,【陽】醫師。

Tikicchati (kit+cha, ki 重疊,而前 k 被改成 t), 治療,醫治。【過】tikicchi。【過tikicchita。【現tikicchanta。【獨】tikicchitvā

Tikicchā,【陰】醫術,醫學。

Tikkha,【形】銳利的,敏銳的,下決定得快的。tikkhapañña,【形】銳慧(有銳利的智力)

Tikhia,【形】銳利的,尖的,苦痛的,苦味的。

Ticīvara, 【中】三衣,三袈裟,即:僧伽梨(saghāṭi五條衣至二十五條或更多的布片縫製而成)、上衣(uttarāsaga)、下衣(antaravāsaka)

三衣製作樣式參考圖

下裙五衣(安陀會, antaravāsaka)235cm X 115cm)

--身高170cm的比丘

鬱多羅僧(uttarāsaga上衣)僧伽梨(saghāti,兩層或四層衣)

(245cm X 210cm)—身高170cm的比丘

(九條衣的樣式)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

tij(tij)﹐【字根VII.】使銳利、使敏銳(to sharpen)

Tiṭṭhati (hā(sthā)停﹑站+a, hā 被改爲 tiṭṭha)(Frequentative of Vedic sthā, stand), 站著(to stand, stand up, to be standing),停留(to stop, stay),持續(to last),保持(to remain in)(比較級 tiṭṭhatu 的意義是:別管它,讓它是如此。) 【過】aṭṭhāsiaṭṭhā。【過hita。【現tiṭṭhaṁ, tiṭṭhanta, tiṭṭhamāna。【獨】hatvāimper.2nd. tiṭṭha, 3rd. tiṭṭhatupot. tiṭṭhe & tiṭṭheyyafut.ṭhassatiinf. ṭhātuṁgrd.ṭhānīyacaus. ṭhapetimed.pass. ṭhīyatiaor. pl. aṭṭhasu & aṭṭhā; grd. hānīya.

Tia,【中】草。tiagahaa,【中】草叢。tiajāti,【陰】多種草。tiabhakkha,【形】以草爲食的。tiabhisi,【陰】草席。tiasanthāra,【陽】草墊子(座墊)tiasūla,【中】茉莉(jasmine印度的一種藤本 (Jasminum sambac),栽培,利用它的豐富、芳香的白色花)tiaṇḍūpaka,【中】草卷。tiagāra,【中】草屋(草頂小屋)tiukkā,【陰】草火把。tiahāraka,【陽】攜帶草的人(爲售賣)

Tiukkā,【陰】乾草火把。S.14.12./II,152.“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso āditta tiukka sukkhe tiadāye nikkhipeyya; no ce hatthehi ca pādehi ca khippameva nibbāpeyya. Evañhi, bhikkhave, ye tiakaṭṭhanissitā pāṇā te anayabyasana āpajjeyyu. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yo hi koci samao vā brāhmao vā uppanna visamagata sañña na khippameva pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāva gameti, so diṭṭhe ceva dhamme dukkha viharati savighāta sa-upāyāsa sapariḷāha; kāyassa ca bhedā para maraṇā duggati pāṭikakhā.(諸比丘!譬如有人,以燃乾草炬,棄於乾草原,若他不以手、腳立即滅火者,諸比丘!那麼棲息於草木之有息者,則陷於火災中。諸比丘!同樣的,若任何沙門、婆羅門,生起不正之想,不立即捨棄、排除、毀、消滅、令去,他在當時則受苦,惱怒,有惱,有熱惱,而且身壞命終之後,預計往生惡趣。」

Tiṇṇa (tarati 的【過), 已越過,已經歷,已達到最終點(的人)tiṇṇavicikicchā【陰】度疑。Tiṇṇā vicikicchāti sappaibhayakantārasadisā soasavatthukā aṭṭhavatthukā ca tiṇṇā vicikicchā tiṇṇavicikicchā.(越過懷疑類似危險的荒野--十六事(soasavatthukā) ()、八事(aṭṭhavatthukā) ()的越過懷疑為度疑’)(M.56.)CS:p.2.40)。十六事疑︰疑「過去世我存在嗎?過去世我不存在嗎?等等」。八事懷疑1.真實佛。2.真實法。3.真實僧伽。4.戒定慧三學。5.過去世,即過去五蘊。6.未來世,即未來五蘊。7.過去世與未來世,即過去與未來五蘊。8.緣起。

Tiha,【形】鋒利的。

Titikkhati (tij鋒利+khā, ti 重疊,而 j 被改成 k), 忍耐,負擔,擔當。【過】titikkhi。【現titikkhanta, titikkhamāna。【獨】titikkhitvā

Titikkhā,【陰】忍耐,寬恕。

Titta, tittaka,【形】苦的,【中】苦味道。

Titta (tappati 的【過), 已滿足。

Titti,【陰】滿足,邊緣。

Tittira,【陽】鷓鴣(partridge)。古音譯:提帝邏惒吒。

Tittha ( tīrtha, <tṛītarati),【中】淺灘,登陸處,港口,信念,津梁titthakara ( tīrthakara),【陽】作津梁者,一派教主(一個宗教的創辦人),佛經中通常譯作「外道」,在耆那教裡,TīrthakaraJina同義字titthāyatana,【中】宗教教派的領域或信徒,(任何宗教的)基本原理教義。

Titthiya,【陽】異教師,外教徒,外道。titthiyasāvaka,【陽】異教信徒,異教弟子。titthārāma,【陽】異教廟宇。titthiyapakkantaka﹐破內外道(未捨戒,以比丘身份歸外道)

Tithi(Sk. tithi),【陰】陰曆的日子(a lunar day)

Tidasa(Vedic tridaśa),【陽】三十(在【合】中的詞形:tisa, 尤指:三十天神,全數是三十三天神)tidasapura,【中】三十天神的城市。tidasasinda,【陽】三十天神王(即:帝釋天王)

Tidaṇḍa,【中】(放置東西的)三腳架。

Tidiva,【陽】天堂,天神的居所。

Tidhā,【副】三方式。

Tinta,【形】濕的,潮濕的。

tintia, 多疑,疑神疑鬼。Tintioti tintia vuccati tahā, tāya samannāgato, āsakābahulo vā.(疑神疑鬼︰渴愛,且多疑。)

tintinī,【陰】羅望子樹(tamarind Ciñcā)A.2.6./CS:pg.2.45-6Ambilikāphalanti tintiṇīphalanti vadanti, caturambilanti apare.

tinduka,【陽】黑烏木(柿樹屬的一種喬木 (Diospyros melanoxylon))

tipaññāsā,【陰】五十三。

tipada﹐三音步。

TipiakaTepiaka﹐【中】三藏經典。日譯《南傳大藏經》從昭和十年到十六年(西元1935-1941)譯成。

tipu,【中】領導。

tipusa,【中】南瓜(pumpkim各種通常有堅硬外果皮的南瓜屬 (Cucurbita),作爲蔬菜,做餡餅和畜飼而廣泛栽培)

tippa, tibba,【形】鋒利的,刺骨的,敏銳的。tibbatibbā﹐重重的。

tibbarāga,【陽】愛欲重者。

Timi,【陽】帝麑魚(一種巨魚的名字)timigala,【陽】帝麑伽羅(世間最大的魚,能吞舟)Timiramigala, 提帝麑伽羅(能吞舟大魚)

Timira, timisa,【中】黑暗。【形】暗的。vitimira【梵】無暗的。八十種好之一︰光明照耀周匝破諸冥闇(vitimira-viśuddhalokaradiance extending all around))

Timirāyitatta,【中】陰暗,漆黑。

Timīsikā,【陰】非常黑暗的夜晚。

Timbaru, timbarūsaka,陽】黑烏木(柿樹屬的一種喬木)町婆羅果參考Tinduka

Tiracchāna,【陽】動物,畜牲。tiracchānakathā,【陰】談論動物,無用的談論(包括:王論rājakathā、盜賊論corakathā、大臣論mahāmattakathā、軍隊論senākathā、恐怖論bhayakathā、戰爭論yuddhakathā、食物論annakathā、飲料論pānakathā、衣服論vatthakathā、床椅論sayanakathā、花飾論mālākathā、香論gandhakathā、親戚論ñātikathā、車輛論yānakathā、村gāmakathā、鎮論nigamakathā、城論nagarakathā、國論janapadakathā、女人itthikathā、英雄論surākathā、街道論visikhākathā、市井言論kumbhaṭṭhānakathā、祖靈論pubbapetakathā、瑣碎事論nānattakathā、世界論lokakkhāyikā、海論samuddakkhāyikā、猜測論itibhavābhavakathā。這些無用的話,是卑劣、無利益,不能導向厭、離、滅。-- M.76./I,513-4.etc.)tiracchānagata,【陽】動物。tiracchānagatā,【陰】雌性動物。tiracchānayoni,【陰】畜生胎(畜生道﹐五趣之一)tiracchānavijjā﹐【陰】低劣技藝(畜生學問)

Tiriya,【中】寬。

Tiriya,【副】橫過,橫著(transversely, obliquely, horizontally)tiriyataraa,【中】乘船渡過(對岸)

Tiriyā,【陰】一種草(a kind of grass or creeper A.III,240, 242 (tiriyā nāma tiajāti; Com. dabbatia))

Tirīṭa,【中】珠仔樹(東印度的一種喬木〔總狀山礬〕(Symplocos racemosa)

Tirīṭaka,【中】樹皮衣。

Tiro,【無】橫過,超過,外面。tirokaraṇī,【陰】窗簾,門簾,面紗。tilokuḍḍa,【中】在牆壁之外。tilodhāna,【中】蓋子,屏。tilobhāva,【陽】隱藏,不見,消失。tirokuṭṭa, 牆外。

Tirokkāra,【陽】侮辱,淩辱。

Tila (梵語同),【中】芝麻子,胡麻。tilakakka,【中】芝麻漿。tilapiṭṭha, tilapiññāka,【中】芝麻滓,芝麻tilamuṭṭhi,【陽】一把芝麻。tilavāha,【陽】一滿車芝麻。tilasagulikā,【陰】芝麻糕。

Tisati, tisā,【陰】三十。

tīr﹐【字根VII.】決定(to decide)

Tīra,【中】岸,河岸。tīradassī,【陽】見到岸。

Tīraa,【中】決定,審判。

Tīreti (tīr決定+e), 決定,判斷,完成,運行。【過】tīresi。【過tīrita。【現tīrenta, tīrayamāna。【獨】tīretvā

Tiro-﹐橫過,超越,貫通。

Tīha(tri+aha),【中】三天的時期(a period of three days, for 3 days) dvīhatīha﹐兩三天。

Tu(Vedic tu),【無】然而,就這樣但是,仍然,現在,然後(however, but, yet, now, then) kin tubut (=quid nunc)frequent in late verse: ante tutv evahowever ; na tv evanot however, but not

Tuga,【形】高的,顯著的。tuganāsika,【形】有一個突出的鼻子。

Tuccha,【形】空的,徒然的,虛偽的,遺棄的。

Tujjati (tudati刺穿的【被】), 被刺穿,被打。

Tuṭṭha (tussati滿意的【過), 已高興,已滿足。tuṭṭhacitta, tuṭṭhamānasa,【形】有著喜悅的心意。parituṭṭha, ,已非常滿足。

Tuṭṭhi,【陰】愉快,歡喜。

Tuṇḍa, tuṇḍaka,【中】鳥嘴(),喙,豬嘴。

Tuṇṇakamma,【中】針工,縫製,針黹(ˇ)

Tuṇṇavāya,【陽】裁縫師。

Tuhī,【無】沉默的,默默地。tuhībhāva,【陽】靜。tuhībhūta,【形】沉默的。

Tutta,【中】導象的矛。

tud﹐【字根I.】刺穿(to pierce),傷害(to wound)cp. (tud)=push=推動;=thrust=用力推

Tudati (tud刺穿+a), 刺,啄,刺穿,教唆。【過】tudi。【過tudita, tunna。【現tudanta, tudamāna。【獨】tuditvā

Tudana,【中】紮,戳〔刺、貫〕穿。

Tumula,【形】巨的,大的,盛大的。

Tumba,【陽】【中】容水器(勺或水瓶),鬥(量穀粒的器具)tumbakaṭāha,【陽】用葫蘆製成的容器。

Tumbī,【陰】瓠(long gourd一年生草本植物,莖蔓生,花白色,果實細長,圓筒形,表皮淡綠色,果肉白色,可做蔬菜 (Lagenaria Vulgaris))

Tumha (第二人稱【代】), 你。tumhādisa,【形】你的類型的。

Turaga, turaga, turagama,【陽】馬。

Turita,【形】快的迅速的。turita,【副】很快地匆忙地。turitaturita,【副】非常快地很匆忙地。

Turiya, tūriya,【中】樂器。五種樂器包括:單面鼓(ātata),雙面鼓(vitata),弦樂器(atata-vitata),鐃鈸類(ghana),管樂器(susira)tūriyatāḷitavāditanigghosasadda, (tāḷita)樂器,演奏(vādita)小聲、有聲。

tul(tul)﹐【字根VII.】稱出的重量(to weigh),熟慮。

Turukkha,【形】土耳其的。【陽】一種香。

Tulana,【中】tulanā,【陰】秤重,等級,熟慮。

Tulasī,【陰】羅勒(basil羅勒屬植物 (Ocimum basilicum) 一種東半球的唇形科一年生草本植物,栽培其葉,可四季生長)

Tulā,【陰】1.秤,天平,平衡(a weighing pole or stick, scales, balance)2.杆,椽(a beam or pole for lifting, carrying or supporting, a rafter)tulākūṭa,【中】錯誤的秤重(欺詐的稱量)tulādaṇḍa,【陽】秤桿(桿秤上標有刻度單位的木桿部分,起支援物重和秤砣的作用,並在計量後標示出重量)tulābhūta﹐平衡。tulākūṭa, 虛詐斗秤(false weighing, false weight (often combd with kasakūṭa & mānakūṭa, false coining & false measuring)tulāputtaka,金匠(a goldsmith)

Tuliya, tūliya,【陽】狐蝠,果蝠(a flying fox)

Tuleti (tul稱重+e), 秤重,調查,比較(台語︰比並)。【過】tulesi。【過tulita。【現tulenta。【獨】tuletvā, tulayitvāgrd. tuliya & tulya.

Tulya & Tuliya (also tulla J IV.102),【形】相等的,可測量的。tulyatā,【陰】平等。

Tuva, tvan (tumha 的【主.單】;Sk. tva & (Ved.) tua)你。

Tuvaa, tvāta, (Sk. tvarita, cp. Tūrta),【副】快速地(quickly)

Tuvaṭṭeti (for *Sk. dvandvayati, denom. fr. dvandva),分享(to share )3s.opt. tuvaṭṭeyyu

Tuvantuva (Sk. dvandva),爭吵(quarrel, strife)

tus(tu)﹐【字根III.】高興(to be glad),滿意、滿足、感激。

Tusita (<tu滿意﹑滿足﹑感激)﹐兜率天,欲界天第四天,是菩薩成佛之前最後一世的住處。

Tussati (tus滿意+ya), 高興,滿意。【過】tussi。【過tuṭṭha。【現tussanta, tussamāna。【獨】tussitvāKhA.(CS:p.205)Atha vā tussatīti tussako, sakena tussako, santena tussako, samena tussakoti santussako.(或者說,「滿足」(tussati)是:滿意(tussako)、對自己所擁有的東西滿意(sakena tussako)、對自己現有的東西滿足(santena tussako)、對一切東西一視同仁的滿足(samena tussakoti)等為知足」(santussako))

Tussanā(Sk. toaa),【陰】Tussana,【中】滿足,歡喜。

Tuhina,【中】露(dew)

Tūṇa, tūṇīra,【陽】震動Tūṇira =tūṇī, Vism 251.

Tūla,【中】兜羅棉花(a tuft of grass, cotton)tūlapicu,【陽】原棉(cotton-wool)

Tūlikā,【陰】畫家的刷子,棉床墊。DA.1./I,87.(7)Tūlikāti 1tiṇṇa 2tūlāna 3aññatarapuṇṇā tūlikā.(棉墊︰即︰草棉tiṇṇa兜羅tūlāna及其他棉))

Te﹐【陽】他們(.主格)

Te-asīti,【陰】八十三。

Tekiccha,【形】可醫治的,可被寬恕的人。

Te-cattāḷīsati,【陰】四十三。

Te-cīvarika,【形】三袈裟者(只使用三件袈裟)

Teja, 【陽】。Tajo(Vedic tejas (nt.) from tij to be sharp or to piercecp. tapa & tapo),【中】(mano-group), 熱,光輝,光榮,力量(“sharpness,” heat, flame, fire, light; radiance, effulgence, splendour, glory, energy, strength, power)(在【合】變成 tejo) tejadhātu,【陰】熱的元素。tejakasia,【中】(修禪取相的)Instr. tejasā & tejena身體有四個部分是火界最顯著的:一、間隔性發燒之火(santappana tejo,如患瘧疾時隔天性的發燒)。二、導致成熟和老化之火(jīrana tejo)。三、普通發燒之火(aha tejo),四、消化之火(pācaka tejo),這是命根九法聚的作用之一。

Tejana,【中】1.箭。2.削尖的。

Tejavantu,【形】宏偉的,光榮的,發熱的。

Tejeti (tij +e), 加熱,削尖。【過】tejesi。【過tejita。【現tejenta。【獨】tejetvā

Tettisā, tettisati,【陰】三十三。

Tena,【無】由於,因爲。tenahi,【無】假如這樣的話。tenevāha(tena+eva+āha)故說。

Tenavuti,【陰】九十三。

Tepaññasati,【陰】五十三。

Temana,【中】潮濕,潤濕。

Temīyati (temeti 的【被】), 變濕,被淋浴。【現temiyamāna

Temeti (tim+e), 弄濕,使濕潤。【過】temesi。【過temita。【現tementa, temayamāna,【獨】temetvā

Terasa, teasa,【形】十三。

Terovassika(tiro超過+vassa+ika),【形】超過一年。Corovassika at Nd2 40 (p. 85) read terovassika (as S IV.185).

Tela,【中】油。telaghaa,【陽】油瓶。telacāṭi,【陰】一壺油。teladhūpita,【形】加油味的。telapadīpa,【陽】油燈。telamakkhana,【中】塗油。Pāci.IV,348.Tela nāma tilatela sāsapatela madhukatela eraṇḍatela vasātela.(︰胡麻油、芥子油、蜜樹油、蓖麻子油、獸油。) Thag.v.960.“Telasaṇṭhehi kesehi, capalā añjanakkhikā; Rathiyāya gamissanti, dantavaṇṇikapārutā.(髮上抹()油,眼()塗眼線(añjana古譯安繕那),身著象牙白,招搖大街頭。)

Telika,【陽】油商

Tevijjā,【陰】三明(宿命明、天眼明、漏盡明)tevijjā brāhmaṇā(=brāhmaa tevijja),婆羅門三明。《長阿含26經》〈三明經〉(T1.104.3)︰「七世以來父母真正,不為他人之所輕毀,異典三部諷誦通利,種種經書善能分別,又能善於大人相法,觀察吉凶,祭祀儀禮。」A.3.58./I,163.“Idha, bho Gotama, brāhmao ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca, sasuddhagahaiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā, akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, ajjhāyako, mantadharo, tiṇṇa vedāna pāragū sanighaṇḍukeubhāna sākkharappabhedāna itihāsapañcamāna, padako, veyyākarao, lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaesu anavayoti. (尊瞿曇!謂世間有婆羅門,母與父兩人皆優生(sujāto),七世以來父輩祖譜純淨,對身份背景無可責難;求學(ajjhāyako),受持真言(mantadharo),通達三吠陀(tiṇṇa vedānaṁ)(唇法)通達者(pāragū),同義詞與詩體學(sanighaṇḍukeubhāna),解析字母(sākkharappabhedāna),第五古傳說(itihāsapañcamāna),句子(padako),文法(veyyākarao),於順世論(lokāyata)及大人相(mahāpurisalakkhaesu) 完整的受持。) AA.3.58./II,261.Tiṇṇa vedānanti irubbedayajubbedasāmabbedāna.(三吠陀︰梨俱吠陀(Irubbeda;梵gveda讚誦明論)、夜柔吠陀(Yajubbeda;梵Yajurveda祭祀明論)、娑摩吠陀(Samabbeda;梵Sāmaveda歌詠明論)Oṭṭhapahatakaraavasena pāra gatoti pāragū.(完全做到振動嘴唇,為(唇法)通達者) Saha nighaṇḍunā ca keubhena ca sanighaṇḍukeubhāna.(同義詞與詩體學,合稱同義詞與詩體學)  Nighaṇḍūti nāmanighaṇḍurukkhādīna vevacanapakāsakasattha.(同義詞︰命名樹木等的名稱,解釋同義詞之論。) Keubhanti kiriyākappavikappo kavīna upakārāya sattha.(詩體學︰適當的(文句)表現與安排,有助於作詩之論)Saha akkharappabhedena sākkharappabhedāna.(字串的分解,為解析字母)Akkharappabhedoti sikkhā ca nirutti ca. (字串的分解,為語言規則) Itihāsapañcamānanti āthabbaaveda catuttha katvā itiha āsa, itiha āsāti īdisavacanapaisayutto purāṇakathāsakhāto khattavijjāsakhāto vā itihāso pañcamo etesanti itihāsapañcamā. Tesa itihāsapañcamāna vedāna.(第五古傳說︰涵蓋阿闥婆吠陀(禳災明論)在第四,古書(Itihāsa= Iti + ha +āsa)在第五,古書是像如此相關的古論,即剎帝利(戰士)書於第五古書,這就是第五古傳說之論)Pada tadavasesañca byākaraa adhīyati vedeti cāti padako veyyākarao.(通曉零散的句子,通曉文法,稱為通文句、通文法) Lokāyata vuccati vitaṇḍavādasattha.(順世論詭辯之論)AA.3.58./II,262. Mahāpurisalakkhaanti mahāpurisāna Buddhādīna lakkhaadīpaka dvādasasahassaganthapamāṇa sattha, yattha soasasahassagāthāpadaparimāṇā Buddhamantā nāma ahesu, yesa vasena “iminā lakkhaena samannāgatā Buddhā nāma honti iminā paccekabuddhā, dve aggasāvakā, asīti mahāsāvakā, Buddhamātā, Buddhapitā, aggupaṭṭhākā, aggupaṭṭhāyikā, rājā cakkavattī”ti aya viseso ñāyati.(大人相︰佛陀等大人相之論,一萬二千束之量之論,一萬六千偈誦份量,佛咒,「具足這些相貌稱為佛陀,獨覺佛,兩大弟子,八十大聲聞眾,佛父,佛母,首席侍者,轉輪王」,這殊勝的系譜)

Tesaṭṭhi,【陰】六十三。

Tesattati,【陰】七十三。

Tomara(Sk. tomara from tud),【陽】【中】矛,(禦象的)槍矛(a pike, spear, lance, esp. the lance of an elephant-driver)

Toya(Vedic toya),【中】水(water (poetical for udaka))

Toraa(Sk. toraa),【中】拱門,(印度公共集會等用的)臨時棚舍,牌樓(an arched gateway, portal)

Tosa,【陽】快樂,滿足。

Tosanā,【陰】Tosāpana,【中】令人滿足的動作,令人高興的動作。

Tosāpeti (tussati 的【使】), 使快樂,使喜歡。【過】tosāpesi。【過tosāpita

Toseti(Caus. of tussati), (參考Tosāpeti)使快樂,使喜歡。【過】tosesi。【過tosita,【現tosenta, tosayamāna,【獨】tosetvā

-tta, 附在中性名詞的字尾,變成抽象名詞。另有附上-yya, -ya,以做重音變化為主,及附上-ava

Tya (Sk.tya°, nt.Tyad) base of demonstr.pron.=ta°, this, that; Loc.sg.tyamhi; Loc.pl.fem.tyāsu (Com.tāsu)

Tyajja(=te ajja), 他們今天。

Tyāssa, Tyāssāti te assa.(他們是)

Tyāssu(Tyassu =te assu) , 實在他們。(assu是強調詞)

Tyāha(=te aha), 他們。

Tva, 【代】你(you)。參考 tuvatvatva,你!你!(=你真是的!)

 

單數single

複數plural

主格Nom.

tvatuvata

tumhe

vo

賓格Acc.

tatvatuvatavatya

tumhetumhāka

vo

具格Inst.

離格Abl.

tayātvayā

te

tumhehi

vo

與格Dat.

屬格Gen.

tavatavatuyhaṁ (Sk. tubhyaṁ)tuyha

te

tumhākatumha

vo

處格Loc.

tayitvayi

tumhesu

vo

 

Tveva(tv eva)1.(= tu eva)しかしながら。2.(=iti eva)…とこそ。tvevāha = tveva aha

 

Th

 

Th, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第十七個輔音字母。發音是送氣清音的 t, 漢語沒有這個輔音, 請參考英語或馬來語的發音, 試試送氣發漢語的 t

thak﹐【字根VII.】關上(to shut)

Thakana,【中】蓋著,蓋子(covering, lid; closing up)

Thaketi (thak+e), 關,關上,覆蓋(to cover, cover up, close)。【過】thaketesi。【過thakita。【現thakenta。【獨】thaketvā

Thañña,【中】母奶(mother’s milk)

Thaṇḍila,【中】多石的硬地土墩(bare, esp. hard, stony ground)thaṇḍilasāyikā, thaṇḍilaseyyā,【陰】躺在地上。

Thaddha(pp. of thambeti, Sk. stabhnāti to make firm, prop, hold up),【形】硬的,僵硬,硬結的(hard, rigid, firm)thaddhamaccharī,【陽】大守財奴。athaddha﹐【形】不硬的。

than﹐【字根VII.】吼(to roar)

Thana,【中】女人的胸部,(牛、羊等的)乳房。thanagga,【中】乳頭。thanapa,【陽】【中】哺乳,嬰兒(infant)

Thanayati (than+aya), 打雷。【過】thanayi。【現thanayanta

Thanita,【中】雷電。

Thaneti (than+e), 打雷(to roar, to thunder)。【過】thanesi。【過thanita。【現thanenta。【獨】thanetvā

Thanin,【形】有乳房(having breasts)

Thapati,【陽】1.木匠(a builder, master carpenter)2.官員(officer, overseer S.V,348.)

Thabaka,【陽】串。

Thambha,【陽】1.棟梁,柱子(a pillar, a post)2.自私,頑固(in all meanings of thaddha, applied to selfishness, obduracy, hypocrisy & deceit)3.草叢(a clump of grass)thambhaka,【陽】草叢。

Thambhitatta(abstr. to thambha)﹐剛硬(thambha 2, viz. hardness, rigidity, obduracy, obstinacy)

Thammayut,【泰語】法宗派(意為堅持法的僧團)指的是在1830 年由暹邏王子Mongkut 所建的宗派。Mongkut重視巴利經典的學習,堅持覆蓋兩肩的僧袍、在家眾為出家眾服務等。對其它的派系稱為Mahanikai(大宗派)

Tharaa(Sk. staraa to st),【陽】鋪設(strewing, spreading. In cpds. like assatharaa, bhummatharaa, rathatharaa, hatthatharaa, etc.)

Tharu (Sk. tsaru),【陽】武器的柄或把(the hilt or handle of a sword or other weapons, a sword)

Thala1(Vedic sthala, to sthā, orig. standing place),【中】陸地;旱地(dry ground, viz. high, raised or solid, firm (opp. water) As plateau opp. to ninna (low lying place))thalagocara,【形】生活在陸地(living on land)thalajā,【形】地上生(sprung from land (opp. vārija or udakarūha =water-plant))thalaṭṭha,【形】被置在地上的。thalapatha,【陽】陸路(a road by land (opp. jalapatha by water))

Thala2,【中】劍柄、劍(the haft of a sword, the scabbard)

Thava,【陽】稱讚,贊詞。

Thavati (thu稱讚+aSk. stauti), 稱讚,(to praise, extol)【過】thavi。【過thuta, thavita。【現thavamāna。【獨】thavitvā。【使】thaveti (Sk. stavayati)。【不】thutu(Sn.217=thometu SnA 272)

Thavikā,【陰】錢包,背包(a knapsack, bag, purse; esp. used for the carrying of the bhikkhu’s strainer)

Thāma,【陽】力量,活力,能力。AA.8.9./IV,73.Balavāti thāmasampanno.(有力︰具有力量。)

Thāmavant (thāma+vant),【形】強壯的,有力的。

Thāmaka,【形】有力的(having strength)

Thāla (from thala orig. a flat dish),【陽】【中】thāli,【陰】碟子,盤子(a plate, dish, vessel)

Thālaka,【中】thālikā,【陰】小碗,大口杯。pānīyathālaka,【中】水碗,茶杯。

Thālī (thāli° in cpds.) (Sk. sthālī, cp. thāla) ,【陰】土鍋,大盤子(an earthen pot, kettle, large dish)

Thālipāka,【陽】一鍋飯。

Thāvara1 (Vedic sthāvara, from sthā, cp. sthavira),【形】固定的持久的firm, strong)

Thāvara2 (from thavira=thera, old,【中】老年(old age)

Thāvariya,【中】不動性,堅固,固體性。

Thira,【形】牢固的,固體的,耐久的(solid, hard, firm; strenuous, powerful)thiratara,【形】更牢固的,更固體的,更耐久的。thiratā,【陰】堅固,不動性。

Thī,【陰】女人。thīraja,【陽】【中】月經來潮。

Thīna, Thina, Thena, Thāna,(<the;梵styāna),【中】惛沉(昏沉)沉滯(stiffness, obduracy, stolidity, indifference)《法集論》Dhammasagaṇī #1162(PTS:1159)(CS:p.233)Tattha katama thina? Yā cittassa 1akallatā 2akammaññatā 3olīyanā 4sallīyanā 5līna 6īyanā 7līyitatta 8thina 9thiyanā thiyitatta cittassa--ida vuccati thina.(什麼是昏沉?那個心是1不聰明的、2不適合工作、3偷懶、4遲鈍、5萎縮、6萎靡、7昏沉、8昏昧、9昏迷,稱為昏沉。) SA.46.51./III,166.Api ca cha dhammā thinamiddhassa pahānāya savattanti (1)atibhojane nimittaggāho, (2)iriyāpathasamparivattanatā, (3)ālokasaññāmanasikāro, (4)abbhokāsavāso, (5)kalyāṇamittatā, (6)sappāyakathāti.(斷「昏沈及呆滯」有六種方法:1.避免過量飲食(atibhojane nimittaggāho)2.變換姿勢(iriyāpathasamparivattanatā)3.作光明想(ālokasaññāmanasikāro)4.處在無遮蔽之處(abbhokāsavāso)5.親近善友(kalyāṇamittatā)6.適當的談話(sappāyakathā))

thu﹐【字根V.】稱讚(to praise)

Thuti,【陰】稱讚。thutipāṭhaka,【陽】致頌詞者,吟遊詩人。

Thunāti (thu稱讚+nā), 呻吟,稱讚。【過】thuni。【現thunanta, thunamāna。【獨】tyunttvā

Thulla,【形】龐大的,肥的,嚴重的,總的。thullaccaya,【陽】嚴重的罪過。thullakumārī,【陰】胖女孩,老處女。thullaphusitaka,【形】有大下降的()thullavajja,偷蘭遮,偷羅遮,偷羅柘。thullasarīra,【形】肥胖的身體

Thusa (Vedic tua (m.)),【陽】糠,穀殼(husk of grain, chaff)thusaggi,【陽】穀殼火。thusapacchi,【陰】收穀殼的籃子。thusasodaka,【中】一種醋。

Thūṇa,【陽】thūṇā,【陰】獻祭的柱。

Thūpa,【陽】佛塔,寶塔,石堆紀念碑,豎立在埋葬聖者骨灰處的紀念碑,頂端(a stupa or tope, a bell-shaped pile of earth, a mound, tumulus, cairn; dome)thūpāraha,【形】應該爲怹建寶塔來尊敬者。

Thūpikā,【陰】高峰,尖塔(having domed roofs)

Thūpikata (thūpa+kata “made a heap”),【形】堆積滿缽的(heaped of an alms-bowl)

Thūla & Thulla【形】總的,粗糙的,胖的,龐大的(compact, massive; coarse, gross; big, strong, clumsy; common, low, unrefined, rough)thūlatā,【陰】粗糙。thūlasāṭaka,【陽】粗布。

Theta (Sk. from tiṭṭhita),【形】可靠的,可信賴的(firm, reliable, trustworthy, true)

then﹐【字根VII.】偷(to steal)

Thena, thenaka,【陽】小偷,賊。thenī,【陰】女小偷,女賊。athenī,【形】不偷。

Thenana,【中】竊盜。

Theneti (then+edenom. fr. thena), (to steal, to conceal)。【過】thenesi。【過thenita。【現thenenta。【獨】thenentvā

Theyya (Vedic steya),【中】竊盜(theft)theyyacitta,【中】盜心,賊意。【形】有心要偷的。theyyasavāsaka,【形】賊住者(假冒比丘)

Thera (Vedic sthavira),【陽】上座,長老,長者,有十個戒臘以上的比丘(senior)。【形】老,年長者。Theragāthā,【陰】《長老偈》。Theravāda(sthāvira他鞞羅),【陽】長老的教義,南傳佛教,上座部,長老說佛教therā bhikkhū,長老比丘,上弟子。 majjhimā bhikkhū, navā bhikkhū,中臘比丘、年少比丘(中、下弟子)

Therī & Therikā,【陰】1.老女人(an old woman (cp. sthavirikā M Vastu III,283)2.上座尼,長老尼(a female thera)Therigāthā,【陰】《長老尼偈》。

Theva,【陽(?)】滴,點滴(a drop; stagnant water)

Thoka, thoka,【形】小的,一點點的,一些的(little, small, short, insignificant; nt. a trifle)thokathoka(thoka thoka),副】漸漸地。

Thokaka=thoka; fem. thokikā Dh.310.

Thometi [denom. fr. thoma; cp. thavati] to praise, extol, celebrate

thom﹐【字根VII.】稱讚(to praise)

Thoma (Vedic stoma a hymn of praise), 稱讚。

Thomana,【中】thomanā,【陰】稱讚(praising, praise, laudation)參考 thuti

Thometi (thom稱讚+e), 稱讚,頌。【過】thomesi。【過thomita。【現thomenta, thomayamāna。【獨】thometvā

 

D

 

D, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第十八個輔音字母。發音是帶音的 d, 漢語沒有這個輔音, 請參考英語或馬來語的發音。

-da(suffix of dā, see dadāti)﹐【形】給予…(giving, bestowing, presenting, only as annada, balada, vaṇṇada, sukhada; varada; kāmada; ambuda, 給水。

Daseti (for dasseti), 顯示。see upadaseti; pavidaseti, vidaseti. nidasetinidasanī

Daka,【中】水。dakarakkhasa,【陽】水鬼,水怪。

Dakkha,【形】聰明的,能幹的,熟練的,靈巧的。dakkhatā,【陰】技術,能力,聰明。

Dakkhaka,【形】領會的人。

Dakkhati (dis+a, dis 被改成 dakkh), 看。【過】addakkhi,【不】dakkhitu, dakkhitāye

Dakkhia,【形】南方的,右邊的,台語:正手爿dakkhiakkhaka,【中】右鎖骨。dakkhiadisā,【陰】南方。dakkhiadesa,【陽】南部國家。dakkhiṇāpatha,【陽】南路”(即今名德干” Decan)dakkhiṇāyana,【中】黃道向南移時(黃道向赤道的南方 移進時期,即:太陽看來像是向南方移進的時期)dakkhiṇāraha,【形】值得奉獻的。dakkhiṇāvatta,【形】向右繞的。

Dakkhiṇā,【陰】南,禮物,(對聖人的)佈施品。dakkhiṇāvisuddhi,【陰】淨施(禮物的純淨)dakkhiodaka,【中】獻水。

Dakkhieyya (grd.-formation fr. dakkhiṇā as from a verb *dakiṇāti=pūjeti),【形】【中】值得供養的。dakkhieyyapuggala,【陽】值得供養的人。

Dakkhī,【陽】見者,察覺的人。

Daṭṭha (asati 的【過) 已咬。daṭṭhāna,【中】被咬過的地方。daṭṭhabhāva,【陽】被咬的事實。

Daḍḍha (dahati 的【過), 已燒〔傷, 焦〕,已燒毀。daḍḍhaṭṭhāna,【中】被 火燒毀的地方。daḍḍhageha,【形】房子被燒毀的的人。

daṇḍ﹐【字根VII.】處罰(to punish)

Daṇḍa,【陽】1.莖,棍,箠,棍棒,拐杖,(大體上)木材。2.罰款,處罰。daṇḍaka,【中】棍,小枝,竿,柄。daṇḍakamadhu,【中】懸掛在樹枝上的蜂巢。daṇḍakamma,【中】處罰,懲罰,賠償。daṇḍakoti,【陰】棍端。daṇḍadīpikā,【陰】火把。daṇḍanīya,【形】有處罰傾向的。daṇḍappatta,【形】被告發的人。daṇḍaparāyaa,【形】靠著手杖的,藉著支柱支撐的。daṇḍapāṇī,【形】一手持著杖的。daṇḍabhaya,【中】怕被處罰。daṇḍahattha,【形】手中有杖的人。

Datta,【過】已給。

Datti,【陰】保存食物的小容器。

Dattika, datthiya,dattiya,【形】(在【合】中) 被給的。

Dattu,【陽】愚蠢的人。

Datvā, daditvā, (dadāti 的【獨】) 給了。

dad (dad, dā)﹐【字根I.】給(to give)

Dada,【形】(在【合】中) 給的,授予的。

Dadāti (dā+a, dā 重疊,而前 ā 被短化), 給,提供,允許,移交。【過】dadi, adadi。【過dinna。【現dadanta, dadamāna。【不】dātu, daditufut.dassati, dammipret.adā (=adāsi); 1st.pl.adamha; aor.adāsi; pl.adasuinf.dātu & dātavegrd.dātabba & da tabbapp. dattager. datvā & datvāna; also as °dā (for °dāya or °dāna) in prep.cpds., like an-upādā, ādā, etc.Der.fr.1.are Caus.dāpeti, pp. dāpita; n.ag.dātar; nt.dāna.See also suffix dā,° datti, dattikā, etc.; and pp. atta (=ā-d[a]ta).-- 2.Bases dāy & (reduced) day, contracted into de.(a) dāonly in der.dāya, dāyaka, dāyin and in prep.cpds.ā-dāye (ger. of ādāti). (b) de°pres.ind.deti1st sg.demi; 2nd desi1st pl.dema(shall we give); 2nd detha; 3rd dentiimper.dehi3rd sg.detu; 2nd pl.dethappr.dentogrd.deyya Other der.fr.base 2 are dayati & dayā3.Base dadāpres.ind.dadāti; 1st.sg.dadāmi; 3rd.pl.dadantiimper.dadāhipot.dadeyya & dade; 1st.sg.dadeyya; 2nd.sg.dadeyyāsi. Also contracted forms dajjā (may he give)(=dadeyya ); 1st sg.dajja(dajjāha=dajja aha)(=dammi Com.);2nd.pl.dajjeyyātha; 3rd y.dajjeyya & 3rd.pl.dajju in cpd.anupa°.ppr.dadantoGen.etc.dadato & dadappr.med.dadamānaaor.adada (=adāsi); proh.2nd.pl.mā dadiṭṭhager. daditvā(datvā)contr.into dajjā (should be read dajja) (=datvā).der.dada for °da.4.(passive) base di (& dī)pp. dinna pres.dīyati diyyati; cp. ādiyati; pret.dīyitthappr.dīyamānader.fr.4 are desid.dicchati, diti, etc.

Daddu,【陰】皮膚病、溼疹、輪癬(一種皮膚的出疹)

Daddula,【中】1.軟骨。2.米的一種(直譯:頭頭邏)

Dadhi,【中】凝乳。dadhighaa,【陽】一鍋凝乳。dadhimaṇḍa,【中】乳清( 在奶酪製造過程中,以乳汁中分離出來的牛奶中的水質部分)

Danta1(danta),【中】牙齒,牙,尖牙。dantakaṭṭha,【中】牙刷、牙籤(tooth-picktooth-cleaner) (古譯:楊枝)dantaṭṭhika,【中】牙齒(顎骨?)dantakāra,【陽】象牙工匠。dantapanti,【陰】整排牙齒dantapoa,【陽】清潔牙齒的工具(tooth-cleaner)(古譯:楊枝)dantavalaya,【中】象牙製的手鐲。dantavidasaka,【形】(=dantavidassaka or =dantaghasaka)露齒(而笑)dantāvaraa,【中】唇。dantavakkalika﹐穿樹皮的苦行僧( a kind of ascetics--peeling the bark of trees with their teeth?)dantavaṇṇa(ivory-coloured, ivory-white)dantavidasakadantasampatti﹐美齒( splendour of teeth )dantajina 象牙(ivory) (gloss:dhanadhañña) dantaṭṭhika﹐象牙( “teeth-bone,” ivory of teeth)dantāvaraa﹐唇( the lip--lit.protector of teeth)A.5.208./III,250.Cakkhussa, mukha na duggandha hoti, rasaharaiyo visujjhanti, pitta semha bhatta na pariyonandhati, bhattamassa chādeti.((嚼楊枝五利益:)適可於眼、口不惡臭、味神經清淨、膽汁與痰不纏絡食物、食物甘於彼。)

Danta2 (dānta)﹐【形】象牙製品(made of ivory, or ivory-coloured (yāna=dantamaya)dantakāsāva﹐象牙白或象牙黃。

Danta3 (dameti 的【過】;梵dānta, pp. dāmyati to make, or to be tame), 已馴服,已受約束,已抑制。dantatā,【陰】dantabhāva,【陽】馴熟,溫順,控制,被抑制的狀態。sudanta﹐很馴服。dantabhūmi﹐安全的地方(a safe place =nibbāna)

Dantasaha,【陽】酸橙樹,【中】酸橙。

Dandha,【形】慢的,無聊的,愚蠢的(slow; slothful, indocile; silly, stupid)。《增支部》A.3.68./I,200.‘rāgo kho, āvuso, appasāvajjo dandhavirāgī, doso mahāsāvajjo khippavirāgī, moho mahāsāvajjo dandhavirāgī.’(友!是小罪遲退離,是大罪速退離,是大罪遲退離。)

Dandhatā,【陰】愚蠢(stupidity)dandhatta﹐愚蠢的狀況態。

Dandhanatā,【陰】懶散,呆滯。adandhanatā﹐不懶散,不呆滯(absence of sluggishness)

Dandhāyanā,【陰】粗陋,笨拙(clumsiness)

Dandhāyitatta(der. fr. dandheti,【中】愚蠢(stupidity (=dandhatā)opp. vitthāyitatta)

dap﹐【字根III.】驕傲(to be proud)

Dappa,【陽】傲慢態度,蠻橫。

Dappaa,【中】鏡子。

Dappita,【形】傲慢的,驕傲的。

Dabba,【形】(天生)明智的。【中】木材,財富,物質。dabbajātika,【形】聰明的。dabbasambhāra,【陽】木製品的收集物,建材的收集物。SA.8.2./I,187.Dabboti dabbajātiko paṇḍito.(明智的︰天生明智的、有智慧的。)

Dabbatia,【中】印度畫眉草(印度的一種禾草 (Eragrostis cynosuroides), 用於印度教禮儀中--亦稱達勃哈 (darbha))

Dabbimukha,【陽】一種鳥(Turdus Ginginianus)

Dabbī,【陰】匙,杓子(ladle)

Dabbha,【陽】印度畫眉草(kusa-grass Dabbatia)

dam(dam)﹐【字根VII.馴服(tame)控制(control)

Dama, damatha,【陽】damana,【中】馴服,征服,調伏,抑制,控制。

Damaka,【形】馴獸師,控制者,訓練者。

Dameti (dam+e), 馴服,訓練,征服,使轉變。【過】damesi。【過damita, danta。【現damenta。【獨】dametvā。【義】dametabba, damanīya

Dametu,形】馴獸師,訓練者。參考 damaka

Dampati,【陽】夫妻,妻子和丈夫。

Damma (Sk. damya, grd. of dāmyati see dameti & cp. damaya (damiya)),【形】要被馴養的,要被訓練的(to be tamed or restrained; esp. with ref. to a young bullock M.I,225 (balagāvā dammagāvā the bulls & the young steers))also of other animals: assadamma-sārathi a horse-trainer A.II,112; & fig. of unconverted men likened to refractory bullocks in phrase purisa-damma-sārathi (Ep. of the Buddha) “the trainer of the human steer” D.I,62 (misprint °dhamma°)dammagavabalavagavesu, ()小牛、壯牛。

dammi(1s.fut.), 我供養。see dadāti

dams(daṅś / daś)﹐【字根I.】咬(to bite)

Dayā(Ved. dayā, to dayati2),陰】同情,憐憫,仁慈(sympathy, compassion, kindness)anuddayā﹐仁慈。dayāpanna﹐仁慈(showing kindness (=daya metta-citta āpanno)

Dayālu,【形】富於同情心的。

Dayita,【過】已同情。dayitabba,【義】可以同情,可以幫助。

Dayitā,【陰】女人。

Dara, daratha,【陽】悲傷,焦慮,苦惱。

Darī,【陰】劈開,裂縫,巨穴。

Dala,【中】草葉,葉,花瓣。

Dalidda﹐貧窮。S.46.46./V,100.“Sattanna kho, bhikkhu, bojjhagāna abhāvitattā abahulīkatattā ‘daliddo’ti vuccati.(比丘!不修習、不多修七覺支,稱為貧窮。)

DaiddaDalidda(Sk. daridra, to daridrāti),【形】【名】窮,貧窮;浪子,貧窮的人(vagrant, strolling, poor, needy, wretched; a vagabond, beggar)

Daha(Sk. dṛḍha to dhyati to fasten),【形】結實的,強壯的,穩固的。dahadhamma,【形】全面加強(strong in anything),熟練(skilled in some art, proficient)dahaparakkama,【形】很努力的,精力充沛的。daha,【副】堅定地,強烈地。dahamitta, 【陽】摯友。

Dahāya﹐蛇,蚖蛇。

Dahī-(>daha),【陰】鍛鍊(身體)(kāya-dahī-bahula strong in body)

Dahīkamma, dahīkaraa,【中】加強(making firm),強化(strengthening)

Dava,【陽】遊戲,運動,開玩笑。davakamyatā,【陰】喜愛開玩笑。davatthāya, davāya,【與.單】【屬.單】為開玩笑。

Davaḍāha,【陽】森林火災。

Dasa,【形】十gen. dasannaṁ, dasāna; instr.dasahi & dasabhidasaka,【中】十年,十個一組。dasakkhattu,【副】十次。dasadhā,【副】十方式。dasabala,【形】十力,佛陀。dasavidha,【形】十倍的。dasasata,【中】千。dasasatanayana 【形】有千眼的(即:帝釋 Sakka)dasasahassa,【中】十千(=一萬)

Dasa,【形】(在【合】中) 見者,領會的人。duddasa =難領會的,不易看到的。

Dasana,【中】齒。dasanacchada,【陽】唇。

Dasā,【陰】1.衣服的邊緣或鬚邊。2.條件。

Dasikasutta,【中】(衣服)邊緣的鬚線。

Dassaka,【形】顯示的人。

Dassati1 (Sk. *darś in dadarśa pref. to dṛś; caus. darśayati),見,覺知,見識(to see, to perceive)

1. (pres.) base dakkh (Sk. drak): pres. (a) dakkhati (=passati), 1st dakkhāmi(=passāmi), 2nd dakkhasi; (=adakkhi); imper. dakkha(=passa). -- (b) dakkhiti(=dakkhati), 3rd pl. dakkhinti(=dakkhanti). -- aor. addakkhi (Sk. adrakṣīt)(=addasa); & dakkhi; 1st sg. addakkhi. Spelling also adakkhi & adakkhi. -- inf. dakkhitu. -- caus. p.p. dakkhāpita (shown, exhibited). -- der. dakkhin (q. v.).
  2. (pret.) base dass (Sk. dar
ś & draś): aor. (a) addasa (Sk. adarśat)(mā addasa=addakkhi); & (older, cp. agamā) addasā(=addasa); 1st sg. addasa; & addasa(=adakkhi), 1st pl. addasāma, 3rd pl. (mā) addasu(=mā passisu)3rd pl. dassayisu (b) addasāsi, 1st sg. addasāsi(v. l. addasāmi), 3rd pl. addasāsu. -- (c) shortened forms of aor. are: adda Th 1, 986; addā. -- inf. daṭṭhu(daṭṭhukāma); (=passitu). -- ger. daṭṭhu (=Sk. dṛṣṭvā) (in phrase nekkhamma daṭṭhu khemato)=1098; 681. Expl. at Nd2 292 with expl. of disvā=passitvā, etc. grd. daṭṭhabba (to be regarded as); & dassanīya (see sep.). Also in Caus. (see below) & in daṭṭhar (q. v.).
  3. (med.-pass.) base diss (Sk. d
ṛś): pres. pass. dissati (to be seen, to appear) (dissare), (dissasi you look, intrs.); ppr. dissamāna (visible) PvA 71, 6 (°rūpa); VvA 78 (°kāya); & der. dissamānatta (nt.) (visibility). -- ger. disvā & disvāna; also a ger. form diṭṭhā, q. v. under adiṭṭhā. -- pp. diṭṭha (q. v.)dassayisu

  4. Caus. (of base 2) dasseti (Sk. darśayati), aor. dassesi & (exceptional) dassayi, only in dassayi tuma showed himself at Pv III.24 (=attāna uddisayi) & (=attāna dassayi dassesi pākao ahosi). 3rd pl. dassesu; ger. dassetvā; inf. dassetu to point out, exhibit, explain, intimate.

Dassati2 (dadāti 的【未】), 他將會給。

Dassana ( darśana),【中】看見,直覺,洞察力(seeing, looking; noticing; sight of, appearance, look)dassanattha, 以便指出(in order to point out, meaning by this)

Dassanīya, dassaneyya,【形】被認爲美麗的,美麗的,英俊的。

Dassāvin, dassin,【陽】見者(只有在【合】中,例: bhayadassāvī)

Dassu(Sk. dasyu, cp. dāsa),【陽】強盜(enemy, foe; robber)

Dasseti (dis+e, dis 被改成 das)(Caus. of dassati1), 出示,展現。【過】dassesi。【過dassita,【現dassenta,【獨】dassetvā, dassiya

Dassetar(Sk. darśayit, n. agent to dasseti),【陽】指出的人,出示的人(one who shows or points out, a guide, instructor, teacher)

dah﹐【字根I.】流浪生活、乞討(to bum)cp. (dah), (burn)

Daha(Sk. draha),【陽】湖(a lake, D.I,45. udakadaha)devadahanti devā vuccanti rājāno, tesa magaladaho, sayajāto vā so dahoti, tasmā “devadaho”ti vutto.  Tassa avidūre nigamo devadahantveva napusakaligavasena sakha gato.

Dahati1 (dahate)(Sk. dadhāti to put down, set up) 放置接受(to put, place; take for (Acc. or Abl.), assume, claim, consider)okkāka pitāmaha=hapeti DA.I,258); S.III,113 (mittato daheyya); A.IV,239 (citta dahati, fix the mind on); Sn.825 (bāla dahanti mithu aññamañña=passanti dakkhanti, etc. Nd1 163). Pass dhīyati (q. v.); grd. dheyya (q. v.). Note. dahati is more frequent in combn with prefixes & compositions like ā°, upa°, pari°, sad°, san°, samā°, etc. pp. hita。【過】dahi

Dahati2(dah流浪+a), 燃燒(=ahati to burn; as dahate Pv.II.98 (=dahati vināseti PvA.116).

Dahana(Sk. dahana, to dahati, orig. “the burner”),【中】燒。【陽】火(fireVism.338. dahanakicca)

Dahara,【形】年紀輕的(small, little, delicate)。【陽】男孩(young, a young boy, youth)daharā,【陰】年輕的太太(young wife)daharī,【陰】女孩(lad)opposed to mahallaka; to vuḍḍha Vism.100.

dā(dad, dā)﹐【字根I.】給(to give)

Daharaka =dahara, 年輕人(young Miln.310.)f. daharikā, 女年輕人(a young girl Th.2, 464, 483.

Dāṭhā, dāṭhā- (Sk. daṁṣṭrā to asati (q.v.), cp. also daṭṭha) ,【陰】長牙(a large tooth, fang, tusk; as adj. (-°) having tusks or fangs D.II,18 (susukkhadāṭhā); J.I,505 (uddhaa-dāṭho viya sappo); IV,245 (nikkhantadāṭhā); DhA.I,215; PvA.152 (kahinadāṭhā); Sdhp.286dāṭhāvudha [Sk. daṁṣṭrāyudha] using a tusk as his weapon J.V,172dāṭhādanta a canine tooth KhA 44.dāṭhābalin one whose strength lies in his teeth (of a lion) Sn.72.

Dāṭhikā (Sk. *dāḍhikā=Prk. for daṁṣṭrikā) ,【陰】鬍鬚,腮鬚(beard, whiskers Vin.II,134 (na dāṭhikā hapetabbā, of the bhikkhus); J.I,305; V,42 (tambadāṭhikā), 217 (mahādāṭhikā having great whiskers); DA.I,263 (parūḷha-massudāṭhikā with beard & whiskers grown long)

Dāthā(Sk. daṁṣṭrā to asati, cp. also daṭṭha),【陰】巨牙,犬齒(fang)dāthādhatu,【陰】(佛陀的)牙舍利。dāthāvudha,【形】以牙爲武器的。dāthābalī,【形】力量落在牙的。

Dāṭhin (cp. Sk. daṁṣṭrin) ,【形】有牙的(having tusks)

Dātabba,【義】可以給。

Dātar(Sk. dāṭr, n. ag. of dadāti to give),【陽】施主,佈施者,慷慨的人(a giver, a generous person)adātā(=na dātā (hoti)),不布施的人(one who does not give, a miser)

Dātu,【不】要給。

Dātta,【中】鐮刀,長柄鐮刀。

Dāna-dāna,【中】佈施,慈善,捐獻,施捨。dānakathā,【陰】佈施論。dānagga,【中】救濟院,佈施所。dānapati,【陽】施主,音譯:旦那、旦越。dānaphala,【中】慷慨給與的果報。dānamaya,【形】由佈施所組成的(福報)dānavaṭṭa,【中】經常佈施。dānavatthu,【中】佈施的物品。dānaveyyāvaika,【形】佈施的 分發者。dānasālā,【陰】佈施堂。dānasīla,【形】有佈施品質的。dānasoṇḍa,【形】喜歡佈施的。dānanāraha,【形】值得佈施的。《佛說除蓋障菩薩所問經》卷第二(T14..708.2)︰「菩薩若行十種施法。即得布施具足。何等為十。一者法施。二者無畏施。三者財施。四者不求饒益果施。五者悲愍施。六者不輕慢施。七者恭敬施。八者供養承事施。九者無所著施。十者清淨施。」《大方廣佛華嚴經》卷第二十一(T10.112.3 ~ p.113.3)︰「此菩薩,行十種施。所謂︰()分減施(若得美味,不專自受,要與眾生,然後方食)()竭盡施(為饒益眾生,隨其所有,一切皆捨,乃至盡命,亦無所吝)()內施(轉輪王捨手足血肉,頭目骨髓予索求者)()外施(捨王位予貧窶的索求者)()內外施(捨王位及王身--降為臣僕予索求者)()一切施(施諸貧人國土、妻子、手足、血肉心肺、頭目髓腦)()過去施(聞過去諸佛菩薩所有功德,聞已不著)()未來施(聞未來諸佛之所修行,了達非有,不取於相)()現在施(聞諸天,乃至聞聲聞緣覺,具足功德,但觀諸行,如夢不實,無有貪著)()究竟施(假使有無量眾生,諸根殘缺,索手足血肉等,經阿僧祇劫,諸根不具,亦不心生一念悔惜)。」

Dānakathā,【陰】佈施論(談論佈施)DA.14./II,471.dānakathanti ida dāna nāma sukhāna nidāna, sampattīna mūla, bhogāna patiṭṭhā, visamagatassa tāṇa lea gati parāyaa. (說施(施論)︰此名為施,乃快樂的因緣,成功的根本,財富的立足點,走向平順的庇護所,安全處,去處,歸宿。)

Dānava,【陽】巨人(的阿修羅)

Dāni(shortened form for idāni),副】現在。參考 Idāni(現在)

Dāpana,【中】鼓勵佈施。

Dāpeti (deti 的【使】), 促使佈施。【過】dāpesi。【過dāpita。【現dāpenta。【獨】dāpetvā

Dāpetu,【陽】促使佈施的人。

Dāma,【陽】花圈,粗繩,鏈,花環。

Dāya1(Sk. dāva, conflagration of a forest; wood=easily inflammable substance; to dunoti (to burn) caus. dāvayati) 【陽】森林,小樹林。(wood; jungle, forest; a grove)migadāya﹐鹿園。tiadāya﹐草叢及樹林。bahukaṇṭaka dāya=jungle)dāyapāla,【陽】守林人(a grove keeper)

Dāya2(Sk. dāya, to dadāti, etc.),【中】贈品(a gift, donation; share, fee)M.3./I,12.“Dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā.”(諸比丘!你們應為我的法的繼承者,勿為財之繼承者。)

Dāyaka, dāyī(Sk. dāyaka, dā as in dadāti & dāna),【形】佈施,贍養(giving, bestowing, distributing, providing (通常作dāyaka-, dāyī-)。【中】施主,佈施者,贍養者(a donor, benefactor; a munificent person)dāyikā,【陰】女施主。adāyaka【中】無施者(a stingy person, one who neglects almsgiving)

Dāyajja(Sk. dāyādya; see dāyāda),【中】繼承、遺產、遺贈(inheritance)。【形】繼承人(one who inherits)

Dāyati(dā+ya)(Sk. dāti & dyāti (dā) to cut, divide, etc.; cp. dayati, dātta, dāna), 割草,收穫(to cut, mow, reap)。【過】dāyi。【過dāyita。【使】dāyāpeti(to cause to be cut or mowed)

Dāyana,【中】割草(cutting)

Dāyāda(Sk. dāyāda=dāya+ā-da),【陽】繼承,繼承人(heir)。【形】(在【合】中) 繼承的。

Dāyādaka(=dāyāda),【陽】繼承人。dāyādikā(=dāyajjarahā),【陰】女繼承人。

Dāyika(=dāyaka),【形】【陽】布施,施主。

-dāyin(Sk. dāyin, of dadāti),【形】布施,贈予(giving, granting, bestowing)

Dāyikā,【陰】女施主。

DāraDārā(Sk. dāra (m.) & dārā (f.), more freq. dārā (m.pl.)),【陽】妻子(Instr. sg. dārena; instr, pl. dārehi, Loc. pl. dāresu)dārā,【陰】妻子(dārā vuccati bhariyā)dārī,【陰】淑女(maiden, young girl)putta-dārā(pl.)﹐妻與子(wife & children; putta ca dārā ca)paradāra(parassa dāra)別人的太太(the wife of another)dārabharaa,【中】蓄妻,扶養妻子。paradārūpasevana,【中】淫他人之妻。

Dāraka(Sk. dāraka),【陽】男孩,年青人。

Dārikā(Sk. dārikā, see dāraka) ,【陰】女孩,女兒(a young girl, daughter)

Dāreti (dāl +e), 分離,爆裂。【過】dāresi。【過dārita。【現dārenta。【獨】dāretvā

Dāru(Sk. dāru),【中】木頭,木材,木柴。dārukhaṇḍa,【中】一塊木頭。dārukkhandha,【陽】木材堆。dārubhaṇḍha,【中】家具,木製品。dārumaya,【形】木材做的。dārusaghāṭa,【陽】木筏。sāradāru,【中】木心,實木。S.35.200.“Sace so, bhikkhave, 1dārukkhandho na orima tīra upagacchati, 2na pārima tīra upagacchati, 3na majjhe sasīdissati, 4na thale ussīdissati, 5na manussaggāho gahessati, 6na (CS:p.2.387) amanussaggāho gahessati, 7na āvaṭṭaggāho gahessati, 8na antopūti bhavissati; evañhi so, bhikkhave, dārukkhandho samuddaninno bhavissati samuddapoo samuddapabbhāro. (諸比丘!此木塊若1不著此岸,2不著於彼岸,3不沈於流中(《雜阿含1174經》︰不閡洲渚’)4不被繫上陸地,5不被人取,6不被非人取,7不被漩渦所取,8內部不朽腐,諸比丘!如是,其木塊則向海、趣海、而入海。)

Dārua,【形】嚴格的,粗糙的,殘酷的。

Dālana(<dalati) (dalana),【中】分離(splitting)。參Vidālana

Dāleti, (dāl +e), 分離,爆裂。參考 dāreti。【過】dālesi。【過dālita。【現dālenta, dālayamāna。【獨】dāletvā

Dāvaggi,【陽】森林火。

Dāsa,【陽】奴隸。dāsaka,【陽】奴隸。dāsagaa,【陽】一群奴隸。dāsatta, dāsavya,【中】奴隸的身份,奴隸的情況。Pāci.IV,224.Dāso nāma antojāto dhanakkīto karamarānīto.(奴婢(奴隸)︰在家中生的(奴婢)、買來的、擄掠的)

Dāsitta,【中】女奴隸的身份。

Dāsī,【陰】女奴隸。

Dāha,【陽】燃燒,怒火,熱。upasantadāha﹐怒火已安靜。

Dāḷima, dāḍima,【中】石榴(pomegranate一種原産於亞洲的落葉灌木或矮樹 (Punica granatum),因其可食用的果實而被廣泛種植)。台語:榭榴(sia7 liu5)

Dāḷiddiya,【中】貧窮。

Dikkhati (dis+a), 1.看。2.出家。

Dikkhita (Dikkhati的【過), 已傳授,已獻身。

Digambara,【陽】裸行者。

Digua,【形】兩倍的,雙倍的。

Digghikā,【陰】溝渠。

Dija,【陽】1.婆羅門(印度四大階級最高的階級),兩次生的。2.鳥。dijagaa,【陽】婆羅門眾,鳥群。

Diṭṭha (passati 的【過), 已看。【中】視覺。diṭṭhadhamma,【陽】這個世界。【形】見法(領悟真理的人)diṭṭhadhammika,【形】這個世界的。diṭṭhamagalika,【形】信仰看到的吉兆事物的人。diṭṭhasansandana,【中】比較在被看到或已知的事物上的視野。diṭṭhanugati,【陰】效法所看到的。diṭṭhadhamma-nibbāna-vāda﹐現在生涅槃論(認為在現世就可以獲得涅槃的說法)

Diṭṭhadhamma﹐見法(領悟真理的人)。見法者的自述:《增支部》A.6.16./III,297.作:Yāvatā kho, gahapati, tassa Bhagavato sāvikā gihī odātavasanā imasmi dhammavinaye 1ogādhappattā 2patigādhappattā 3assāsappattā 4tiṇṇavicikicchā 5vigatakathakathā 6vesārajjappattā 7aparappaccayā Satthusāsane viharanti, aha tāsa aññatarā. (長者!至於彼世尊之白衣在家女弟子當中,於此法律中,1已潛入、2已立足、3已汲取、4已度疑、5離猶豫、6得無畏、7不入異緣而住()師之教中者,我是其中之一。)(參見AA.CS:p.3.97A.CS:p.3.97)。《增支部》A.6.97./III,441說證預流果有六種勝利:1正法決定(saddhamma-niyato)2不退法(aparihāna-dhammo)3作彼(生死之)邊際苦(pariyantakatassa dukkha即滅盡苦)4(於異生)成就不共通之智(asādhāraena ñāṇena samannāgato)5又彼善見其因(hetu cassa sudiṭṭho)6()諸法由因生(hetusamuppannā ca dhammā)。《瑜伽師地論》說見法者得十種勝利。一者、於四聖諦已善見,說名見法。二者 隨獲一種沙門果,說名得法。三者、知法。於己所證,能自了知,我今已盡所有那落迦(niraya地獄)、傍生、餓鬼(此境界必須要省察智才能省察)四者、得四證淨(四不壞淨),於佛、法、僧如實知,名遍堅法。五者、於自所證無惑。六者、於他所證無疑。七者、宣說聖諦相應教時,不藉他緣。八者、不觀他面,不看他口,於此正法、毘奈耶(Vinaya)中,一切他論所不能轉。九者、記別一切所證解脫,都無所畏。十者、由二因緣,隨入聖教,謂正世俗及第一義故。(T30.778.3)

Diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāranti diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāro nāma āraññikasseva labbhati, no gāmantavāsino.  Gāmantasmiñhi vasanto dārakasadda suṇāti, asappāyarūpāni passati, asappāye sadde suṇāti, tenassa anabhirati uppajjati.  Āraññiko pana gāvuta vā aḍḍhayojana vā atikkamitvā arañña ajjhogāhetvā vasanto dīpibyagghasīhādīna sadde suṇāti, yesa savanapaccayā amānusikāsavanarati uppajjati.(現法樂住)

Diṭṭhi (<diss(dis)dṛṣṭi<dṛś)),【陰】見(對於事物的看法;意見)邪見,教條,理論,信念。diṭṭhika,【形】(在【合】中) 信任的,有理論的。diṭṭhijukamma,【中】見正直業。diṭṭhikantāra,【陽】見荒(雜亂無序的教條)diṭṭhigata,【中】成見,邪見(後綴詞gata沒有任何涵義)diṭṭhigahana,【中】見叢(錯綜複雜的推測)diṭṭhijāla,【中】見網(詭辯的網)diṭṭhadhammavedanīya kamma,現法報業、順現業、順現受業、順現法受業,即於現在世即受到果報。diṭṭhivipatti,【陰】破見,壞見(理論上的失敗)diṭṭhivipallāsa,【陽】見顛倒(歪曲的見解)diṭṭhivisuddhi。【陰】見清淨(清楚的見解)diṭṭhisampanna,【形】見具足。diṭṭhisayojana,【中】見結(見解的桎梏)bhava-diṭṭhi, 常見(有見the view of existence)vibhava-diṭṭhi, 斷見(無見the view of non-existence)diṭṭheva dhamme, 就在這一生中。

Diṭṭhijukamma,【中】見正直業。diṭṭhijjukammavasena﹐見正直業。DA.2./I,231.Ta atthato Buddhādīsu vatthūsu saddhāpailābho saddhāmūlikā ca sammādiṭṭhi dasasu puññakiriyavatthūsu diṭṭhijukammanti vuccati.(從意義上,它因佛陀等獲得了信心,而以信為根的正見(疏:以智的世俗的歸依)在十福業裡則被稱為『見正直業』。))

Diṭṭhī,【形】信任的,有理論的。參考 Diṭṭhika

Ditta (dippati 的【過), 已燃燒。

Ditti,【陰】光,光亮。

Diddha,【形】有塗上的,下毒的。

Dina,【中】日子。dinakara,【陽】太陽。dinaccaya,【陽】一天的竭盡,傍晚。dinapati,【陽】太陽。

Dindibha,【陽】鳳頭麥雞,田鳧(lap-wing麥雞東方田鳧屬禽類,屬鴴鳥類,尤指田鳧類,有狹窄的頸冠、飛行動作緩慢且不規則)

Dinna (deti 的【過), 已給,已允許。dinnādāyī,【形】取所給予的。

Dinnaka,【陽】1.養子。【中】2.給予的事物。

Dipada,【陽】兩足動物,人。dipadinda, dipaduttama,【陽】兩足尊(兩足動物之中最貴族;即:世尊)

Dippati (dip+ya), 照耀。【過】dippi

Dippana,【中】光亮。

Dibba,【形】天神的,天國的。dibbacakkhu,【中】天眼(「稱為天眼是被生起充滿光的智慧--這是得天眼清淨。」(Dibbacakkhu nāma  ālokapharaena uppanna ñāṇa, ya--“dibbena cakkhunā  visuddhenā”ti (pārā.13 ma.ni.2.341) āgata.(SA.CS:p.3.1.)dibbacakkhuka,【形】有超人的眼睛的。dibbavihāra,【陽】天居(心的至高情況)dibbasampatti,【陰】天福,天上的福佑。

Dibbati (div +ya), 炫耀,消遣。【過】dibbi

Diyaḍḍha,【陽】一又二分之一 (1 1/2)

Diyaḍḍhasata,【中】一百五十(diyaḍḍha一又二分之一,sata百。)

Diva,【陽】天堂。

Divasa,【陽】白天,日子。divasakara,【陽】太陽。divasabhāga,【陽】白天。Ravivāro﹐星期日(日語:日曜日)Candavāro﹐星期一(日語:月曜日)Kujavāro﹐星期二(日語:火曜日)Budhavāro ﹐星期三(日語:水曜日)Guruvāro﹐星期四(日語:木曜日)Sukkavāro﹐星期五(日語:金曜日)Sanivro﹐星期六(日語:土曜日)。【反】ratti(晚上)

Divā,【無】日子,在白天。divākara,【陽】太陽。divāṭhāna,【中】在白天度過日子的地方。divāvihāra,【陽】在熱天的休息。divāseyyā,【陰】在正午的臥倒,午睡。tadivasa, 當日。divādivassa(=divā divassa), 正午。SA.3.19./I,159.divā divassāti divasassa divā, majjhanhikasamayeti attho.(正午︰白天的白天正午之際。)

Diviya, divya,【形】天神的,天國的。參考 Dibba

dis(diś)﹐【字根VII.】詳細說明(to expound)

Disa,【陽】敵人。

Disampati,【陽】皇。

Disā,【陰】方向,(東南西北)方。disākāka,【陽】引向鴉(爲了要知道陸 地的方向,在船上養的烏鴉)disākusala,【形】知道方向的人。disāpāmokkha,【形】世界著名的。disābhāga,【陽】一個方向。disāmūḷha,【形】迷失方向的人。disāvāsin, disāvāsika,【形】住在國外的,住在不同方向的。

diss(dis) (dṛś)﹐【字根III.出現(to be seen, to appear)

Dissati (dis+ya), 似乎,出現。【現dissanta, dissamāna, (=看得見的)

Dīgha(dīrgha),【形】長的。dīghagulī,【形】長指的(有長手指的)dīghajātika,【陽】蛇類的衆生。dīghatā,【陰】dīghatta,【中】長度。dīghadassi,【形】有遠見的。Dīghanikāya,【陽】《長部》(梵文版漢譯為Dīrgha-āgama長阿含經)dīghabhāṇaka,【陽】重說或解釋《長部》的人。dīgharatta,【副】長久地。dīghalomaka,【形】有長毛的。dīghasottiya,【中】長眠,偷懶。dīghāyuka﹐【陽】長壽。(【反】appāyuko﹐【陽】夭壽。)

Dīghavaṇṭa,【陽】木蝴蝶(Oroxylum indicum)

Dīdhiti,【陰】光,光輝。

Dīna,【形】悲慘的,低級的,低劣的。dīnatā,【陰】dīnatta,【中】可憐(台語:克虧khik khui,僥倖hiau hing7,離經li7 king)adīna,【反】不悲慘的,不低劣的。

Dīpa1(dīpa),【陽】燈。dīpakara(=pabha kara),【形】點燈者(making light, shining, illuminating),燃燈佛(Dīpakara﹐或譯「錠光佛」古佛名,據《本生經》因緣序中說,四阿僧祇劫十萬大劫之前,燃燈佛曾為釋迦牟尼佛(當時的善慧Sumedha)授記未來成佛。)dīpacci,【陰】燈苗、燈火。dīparukkha,【陽】燈柱。dīpasikhā,【陰】燈苗。dīpāloka,【陽】燈光。

Dīpa2(Ved.dvīpa=dvi+ap(āpa)--兩側有水),【陽】【中】島、洲(mahādīpa大的島)、渚(paritta-dīpā小的島)。引申為「依靠處」、「庇護所」(shelter, refuge)dīpālayadīpagabbhaka﹐休息處(resting place)cattāro mahādīpā﹐四大洲--1.Pūrva-videha;巴Pubbavideha,弗于逮洲,又作毘提訶,為天下四大洲中之東勝身洲,又稱東毘提訶。2.Jambu-dvīpa;巴Jambudīpa,閻浮洲又作閻浮提、贍部洲、位於須彌山之南,故又稱南閻浮提,為吾人所居之處。3.Apara-godānīya;巴Aparagoyāna,拘陀尼洲,又作俱耶尼、瞿伽尼,位於須彌山之西方,為四大洲中位居西方之西牛貨洲。4.梵巴Uttarakuru,鬱單越洲,又作鬱單曰,為須彌四大洲中位居北方之北俱盧洲。

Dīpa3(cp.Sk.dvīpa tiger’s skin),【陽】虎皮。

Dīpaka2 (=dīpa2)【中】小島。

Dīpaka3 in vaidīpaka PvA 120 for vanibbaka (q.v.).

Dīpanā,【陰】例證,解釋。

Dīpanī,【陰】注釋(an explanatory work),可譯作:明燈、燈論。

Dīpin, dīpika(Sk. dvīpin),【陽】豹(a panther, leopard)

Dīpikā,【陰】1.火把(=daṇḍadīpikā)2.注釋(=dīpaka)dīpikakkaradīpikātittira a decoy partridge; dīpikāpakkhin a decoy bird; dīpikāmiga  a d.antelope

Dīpita (dīpeti 的【過), 已舉例說明,已解釋,已顯示。

Dīpinī,【陰】母豹(female panther)

Dīpeti (dip(dīp)+e), 點燃,清楚地表達,解釋。【過】dīpesi。【過dīpita,【現dīpenta, dīpayamāna。【獨】dīpetvā。【義】dīpetabba

Du-du-﹐【字首】(badness)反常(perverseness),困難(difficulty)

Duka,【中】兩個一組,雙。【形】二數的。

Dukūla(Sk. dukūla),【中】陀拘羅布(音譯),一種非常好的布料。

Dukkata, dukkaa,(dukta)【形】錯誤的做,惡作,古音譯:突膝吉栗多。【中】錯誤的行動。

Dukkara,【形】難做的。dukkaratā,【陰】dukkaratta,【中】dukkarabhāva,【陽】困難。dukkarakārikāya(S.4.1./I,103.), 苦行(指六年之苦行)《增壹阿含31.8經》(T2.671.2)︰「我六年之中勤苦求道而不剋獲;或臥荊棘之上;或臥板木鐵釘之上,或懸(=)身體遠地,兩在上而頭首向地;或交[足跳-+]踞;或養長鬚髮未曾(=)除;或日()火炙;或盛冬坐冰;身體沒水;或寂寞不語;或時一食;或時二食;或時三食、四食,乃至七食;或食菜果;或食稻麻;或食草根;或食木實;或食花香;或食種種果蓏;或時形;或時著弊壞之衣;或著莎草之衣;或著毛毳之衣;或時以人髮覆形;或時養髮;或時取他髮益戴。」

Dukkha(duḥkha,<duḥ-ka,dukkha= du1厭惡+kha空間(=ākāsa)Vism.494), 【陽】【中】【形】苦,苦楚,痛苦,悲慘,極大的痛苦,不便之處。dukkhakkhaya,【陽】苦盡(痛苦的消失)dukkhakkhandha,【陽】苦蘊。dukkhanijjiṇṇa﹐苦邊,即苦之邊際、苦之滅盡。dukkhanidāna,【中】痛苦的來源;【形】引起痛苦的。dukkhanirodha,【陽】苦滅。dukkhanirodhagāminī,【陰】導致苦滅之道。dukkhantagū,【形】已征服苦的人。dukkhapaikkūla,【形】嫌惡苦的。dukkhapareta,【形】被悲慘而痛苦的。dukkhappatta,【形】在痛苦中的。dukkhappahāṇa,【中】斷苦(痛苦的斷除)dukkhavipāka,【形】苦報的(有痛苦的果報的),創造痛苦的。dukkhasacca,【中】苦諦(痛苦的真理)dukkhasamudaya,【陽】苦集(痛苦的起源)dukkhasamphassa,【形】苦觸的(有痛苦的觸覺的)dukkhaseyyā,【陰】苦睡(不舒服的睡眠)dukkhanubhavana,【中】受苦(在受處罰中)dukkhapagama,【陽】除苦(痛苦的斷除)。【反】sukha(pleasant)S.38.14.“Tisso imā, āvuso, dukkhatā. Dukkhadukkhatā, sakhāradukkhatā vipariṇāmadukkhatā--imā kho, āvuso, tisso dukkhatā”ti.(具壽!這三者是苦性,苦苦性、行苦性、壞苦性。具壽!這三者是苦性。) DA.33(CS:p.3.174.)Dukkhadukkhatāti dukkhabhūtā dukkhatā.  Dukkhavedanāyeta nāma.  Sakhāradukkhatāti sakhārabhāvena dukkhatā.  Adukkhamasukhāvedanāyeta nāma.  Sā hi sakhatattā uppādajarābhagapīḷitā, tasmā aññadukkhasabhāvavirahato sakhāradukkhatāti vuttā.  Vipariṇāmadukkhatāti vipariṇāme dukkhatā.  Sukhavedanāyeta nāma.  Sukhassa hi vipariṇāme dukkha uppajjati, tasmā sukha vipariṇāmadukkhatāti vutta.( 苦苦性:已變成苦性,這是苦受之謂。行苦性:以行的情況為苦,這是不苦不樂受之謂。壞苦性:於壞的苦,這是樂受之謂。樂受變壞,苦生起,由樂受變壞說為苦性。)SA.38.13-15./III,89.Dukkhatāti dukkhasabhāvo. Dukkhadukkhatāti-ādīsu  dukkhasakhāto dukkhasabhāvo dukkhadukkhatā.(苦性:苦的性質。苦苦性等:苦性的有為性、苦性、苦苦性。) S.38.14.Dukkhasakhātoti “dukkhan”ti sakhātabbo viditabbo ca dukkhasabhāvo dhammo dukkhadukkhatā. Yasmā dukkhavedanāvinimuttasakhatadhamme sukhavedanāya ca yathā idha sakhāradukkhatā vipariṇāmadukkhatāti dukkhapariyāyo niruppateva, tasmā dukkhasabhāvo dhammo ekena dukkhasaddena visesetvā vutto “dukkhadukkhatāti. Sesapadadvayeti sakhāradukkhatā vipariṇāmadukkhatāti etasmi padadvaye. Sakhārabhāvena dukkhasabhāvo sakhāradukkhatā. Sukhassa vipariṇāmanena dukkhasabhāvo vipariṇāmadukkhatā.(苦性的有為性:當知道有為和「苦性」的法是「苦苦性」。因為已脫離的苦受的有為性的法,如樂受--具有為苦性、壞苦性等,苦的性--不再顯現,所以苦性法以這一苦義定義為「苦苦性」。最後句兩種是,有為苦性和壞苦性這兩句,以有為性的苦性是「有為苦性」。以樂的變壞的苦性是「壞苦性」。) SA.35.136./II,400.Dukkhāti dukkhitā.(:折磨的) S-(S.1.38.)Dukkhāti dukkhamā duttitikkhā. 具有難忍耐之苦。《增支部注》(AA.7.17.) 說:dukkhānupassīti pīḷanākāra dukkhato anupassanto.(苦隨觀:由苦隨觀損害的製造者)ettaka vā dukkha nijjiṇṇa, ettaka vā dukkha nijjiretabba.(這些苦的邊際,這些苦應當滅除。) 《說一切有部發智大毘婆沙論》卷第七十九(T27.407.2)︰「遍知苦時斷有身見,身見斷故生死路絕,故佛唯說應遍知苦。」(T27.407.1)︰「復次,諸瑜伽師︰若遍知苦名遇真佛出現世間,名入勝義如理正法,名真出家。」(T27.407.1)︰「復次,諸瑜伽師︰若遍知苦名為最初得法證淨,故佛唯說應遍知苦。復次,諸瑜伽師︰若遍知苦名為最初入大法海,登大法山,摧大怨敵,昇大法座,故佛唯說應遍知苦。」

Dukkhanirodha,【陽】苦滅。S.56.11./V,421.Ida kho pana, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodha ariyasacca-- yo tassāyeva 1-2tahāya asesavirāganirodho 3cāgo  4painissaggo 5mutti 6anālayo.(諸比丘!苦滅聖諦者,即此:凡是對此貪愛的無剩餘的(1)離染、(2)滅、(3)放出(cāgo捨棄)(4)對之無執著(painissaggo(<pai + nissajjati<saj(srj)無執著))(5)解脫(mutti)(6)無附著(anālayo))

Dukkhasamudaya,【陽】苦集。S.56.11./V,421.Ida kho pana, bhikkhave, dukkhasamudaya ariyasacca-- yāya tahā ponobbhavikānandirāgasahagatā tatratatrābhinandinī, seyyathida-- kāmatahā, bhavatahā, vibhavatahā.(諸比丘!苦集諦者,凡是對後有起、喜染俱行、隨處歡喜,即:欲愛、有愛、無有愛。)

Dukkhasacca,【中】苦諦。S.56.11./V,421.“Ida kho pana, bhikkhave, dukkha ariyasacca-- jātipi dukkhā, jarāpi dukkhā, byādhipi dukkho, maraampi dukkha, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho, piyehi vippayogo dukkho, yampiccha na labhati tampi dukkha-- sakhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā. (諸比丘!苦聖諦者,即是此:生苦、老苦、病苦、死苦、愁悲憂惱苦、遇怨憎者苦、與所愛者別離苦、所求不得苦,略說為五取蘊苦。)

Dukkhanirodhagāminī,【陰】導致苦滅之道。S.56.11./V,421~2.Ida kho pana, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhagāminī paipadā ariyasacca-- ayameva ariyo aṭṭhagiko maggo, seyyathida-- sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsakappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammā-ājīvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati, sammāsamādhi.(諸比丘!苦滅行道聖諦者,此即是八支聖道:正見、正思惟、正語、正業、正命、正精進、正念、正定。) A.4.34./II,33.“Yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammā sakhatā, ariyo aṭṭhagiko maggo tesa aggamakkhāyati. Ye, bhikkhave, ariye aṭṭhagike magge pasannā, agge te pasannā. Agge kho pana pasannāna aggo vipāko hoti.(諸比丘!無論多少的有為法,八支聖道稱為它們(當中)最上。諸比丘!凡信仰八支聖道者,信仰是它們的最上,而在最上的信仰,有最上果報。)

Dukkhassantakara(=dukkhass’anta karoti)﹐【陽】作苦邊際,即滅盡苦。 M.71./I,483.Natthi kho, Vaccha, koci gihī gihisayojana appahāya kāyassa bhedā dukkhassantakaro”ti.( (世尊答覆婆蹉︰) 婆蹉!實    無有任何在家者不捨斷在家之結,於身壞(命終)作苦邊際時(證阿羅漢果))

Dukkha,【副】不容易地。

Dukkhāpana,【中】傷害。

Dukkhāpeti (dukkha 的【派】), 使痛苦,引起痛苦,傷害。【過】dukkhāpesi。【過dukkhāpita。【現dukkhāpenta。【獨】dukkhāpetvā

Dukkhī, dukkhita(duḥkhitadukkhāpeti【過),【形】折磨的(afflicted),使悲傷的(grieved),不快樂的(unhappy),沮喪的(dejecteddisappointed),生病的(ailing)dukkhito bāḷhagilāno﹐病入膏肓(折磨的重病)。【反】sukhita

Dukkhīyati (dukkha 的【派】), 痛,被苦惱。【過】dukkhīyi。【過dukkhita

Dukkhudraya,【形】引起痛苦的,造成疾病的。

Dukkhūpasama,【陽】減輕痛苦。

Dukkhotiṇṇa,【形】變成悲慘的。

Dugga,【中】難進入的地方,城堡。

Duggata,【形】貧窮的,悲慘的。duggatamanussa, 【陽】窮人。

Duggati,【陰】惡趣(悲慘的世界,即:四惡道)

Duggandha,【形】難聞的氣味的。【陽】臭味。

Duggama,【形】難去的。

Duggahita,【形】持錯的,拿錯的。【中】誤解,錯誤的瞭解。

Duccaja,【形】難離開的,難放棄的。

Duccarita,【中】差勁的行爲,錯誤的行動。

Dujivha,【陽】蛇(serpent)

Dujjaha,【形】難放棄的,難除去的。

Dujjana﹐【陽】壞人,壞男人。dujjana-hadaya【中】壞人的心。Lokanīti #90(世間格言)Siñgī paññāsa hatthena, Vajje satena vājina.

   Hatthi danti sahassena, Desa cāgena dujjana.(對有角的動物,要保持五十肘的距離。與野馬要保持一百肘的距離。對有象牙的大象,要保持一千肘的距離。遠離惡人,甚至可以放棄國度。)

Dujjāna,【形】難懂的。

Dujjīvita,【中】邪命(錯誤的生計)dujjīvitamajīvamha我們曾做邪命、非正命

Duṭṭha,【形】破壞的,腐敗的,不道德的,壞的。duṭṭhacitta,【中】邪惡的心意,惡意。

Duṭṭhu,【副】嚴重地,惡劣地。

Duṭṭhulla,【中】猥辭(淫蕩的談話)。【形】劣等的,下流的。

Dutappaya,【形】不容易滿足的。

Dutiya,【形】【陽】第二的,伴侶(第二自己之意)dutiyaka,【形】同伴,共事者。dutiyaya,【副】第二次。purāṇa-dutiyakā﹐【陰】舊妻;古譯:故二。

Dutiyā,【陰】1.妻子2.(利語法)第二格,即:賓格。

Dutiyikā,【陰】妻子。

Duttara,【形】難渡的,難越過的。

Duddama,【形】難處理的,難馴的。

Duddasa,【形】難見的,難理解的。duddasatara,【形】更難見的。

Duddasā,【陰】不幸,倒運(不幸的時期)duddasāpanna,【形】倒楣。

Duddasika,【形】難看的(指相貌醜陋)

Duddina,【中】陰雲密布的日子,不幸運的日子。

Duddiṭṭha﹐惡見。duddiṭṭha vata addasāma,我們正是見了不該見的。

Duddha,【中】乳,牛奶。

Dundubhi,【陰】鼓。

Dunnāmaka,【中】痔(pile),痔瘡(haemorrhoids)

Dunnikkhitta,【形】錯置的(錯誤地放置的),放置得很差勁的。

Dunniggaha,【形】難征服的,難控制的。

Dunnimitta,【中】凶兆。

Dunnīta,【形】錯誤地應用的。

Dupaṭṭa,【形】有兩層的,夾層的。

Duppañña,【形】愚蠢的。【陽】愚人。

Duppainissaggiya,【形】難放棄的,難戒除的。duppainissaggita固執

Duppaivijjha,【形】難明白的。

Duppamuñca,【形】難解脫的。

Dupparihāriya,【形】難使用的,難處理的。

Duphassa,【陽】蕁麻(the nettle plant蕁麻科類植物 (Urtica) 蕁麻屬齒形葉,無花瓣,接觸其植物刺毛會引起皮膚過敏),不愉快的觸覺。

Dubbaca (du+vaca),【形】難教(ㄐㄧㄠ)難可教化。《中阿含經》誤譯:戾語。

Dubbaṇṇa,【形】不光彩的顔色的,異色的,變色的,醜陋的。dubbaṇṇarūpa醜陋的容貌

Dubbala,【形】微弱的,弱的。dubbalatta,【中】dubbalatā,【陰】dubbalabhāva,【陽】弱。dubbalīkaraa, 使微弱(making weak)

Dubbā,【陰】稷(panic grass黍屬的一種禾本科作物 (Paniecum Dactylon))

Dubbijāna,【形】難懂的。

Dubbinīta,【形】倔強的,不良地訓練的。

Dubbuṭṭhika,【形】無雨的。【中】饑荒,旱災。

Dubbhaka,【形】叛逆的,陰險的人。

Dubbhati (dubh+a), 叛逆,背叛,造反。【過】dubbhi,【獨】dubbhitvā

Dubbhana,【中】叛逆。

Dubbhara,【形】難培養的,難滋養的。

Dubbhāsita,【中】醜話,壞話,粗話,刺兒話,髒話。

Dubbhikkha,【中】饑荒,糧荒。

Dubbhī,【形】造反,謀害。

Duma,【陽】樹。dumagga,【中】樹稍(樹的頂端)dumantara,【中】多種樹,樹的間隔。duminda, dumauttama,【陽】樹王(即:菩提樹)

Dumuppala,【陽】翅子樹( Kaikāra)

Dummaku,【形】難使沉默的人,倔強的人。

Dummatī,【陽】心地邪惡的人,惡毒的人,愚人。

Dummana,【形】不快樂的,悲傷的。

Dummukha,【形】愁容的。愁憂不樂的。台語:面憂憂bin7 iu iu,目頭結結bak8 thau5 kat kat,喙目鼻結歸球chui3 bak8 phinn7 kat kui khiu5

Dummedha,【形】愚蠢的。

Duyhati (duhati 的【被】), 被擠()。【過】duyhi

dur-dus-﹐惡,難,壞。

Durakkha,【形】難保護的。

Duraccaya, duratikkama 【形】難通過的。

Durabhisambhava (dur + abhisambhava得達),【形】難到達。

Durabhisambhavatara (dur + abhisambhava得達 + tara),【形】更難得達。

Duraccaya (dur + accaya消逝),【形】難消逝。

Duranubodha, durājāna,【形】難懂的,難知的。

Durāsada,【形】難接近的。

Durutta,【形】說得差的。【中】差勁的話。

Durita,【中】孽,壞行爲,不良的舉動。

Dulladdha,【形】不容易獲得的。

Dulladdhi,【陰】邪見。

Dullabha,【形】難獲得的,難得的

Duvagika,【形】由兩部分所組成。

Duvidha,【形】兩倍的。

Duve (dvi 的【主、複】), 二,二個人(或事物)

Dussa,【中】白布或指未染色的粗布衣(音譯:頭舍衣)dussakaraṇḍaka,【陽】衣箱,緘簏。dussakoṭṭhāgāra,【中】布料的倉庫,儲衣室。dussayuga,【中】一套衣服。dussavaṭṭi,【陰】一卷布料,布料的邊緣。

Dussati (dus+ya﹐梵duati<tu), 生氣,墮落。【過】dussi。【過duṭṭha(duṣṭhta)。【獨】dussitvā。【使】dūsetidusseti(dūṣayati)【未被】dosaneyya

DussanaDussanā (dūṣana),【中】犯罪,墮落,忿怒。Dussanā,【陰】害意,穢惡。

Dussanīya(cf. dveanīya),【形】忿怒的。

Dussassa(du+sassa),【形】饑饉的。

Dussaha,【形】難涉及的。

Dussīla,【形】無戒,難戒,無道德的。SA.14.23.-24./II,143.Dussīlāti nissīlā.(難戒︰無戒。) A.5.174./III,205.“Pāṇātipāta, adinnādāna, kāmesumicchācāra, musāvāda, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhāna-- imāni kho, gahapati, pañca bhayāni verāni appahāya ‘dussīlo’ iti vuccati, nirayañca upapajjati.”(殺生,不與取,邪欲行,虛妄語,有穀酒、水果酒、烈酒之放逸處,居士!若不斷此等五怖、五怨,則可謂無戒,()生於地獄。)A.5.174./III,205.“Appahāya pañca verāni, dussīlo iti vuccati.”(不斷五種怨,名為無戒者。)

duh(duh)﹐【字根I.】擠乳(to milk)

Duha,【形】(在【合】中) 擠奶的,出產的,允許的。

Duhati (duh+a), ()。【過】duhi。【過duddha。【獨】duhitvā。【現duhamāna

Duhana,【中】擠奶。

Duhitu,【陰】女兒。

Dūta1(Ved. Dūta),【陽】報信者,使者,外交使節(a messenger, envoy)dūteyyapania-gamanānuyoga anuyuttā viharanti(傳遞雙方往來訊息之使者)dūtakamma﹐報信的工作(doing a messenger’s duty)devadūta, 閻羅王的使者(Yama’s envoy, Death’s messenger)dūtaṁ pāheti, 使者(to send a messenger)

Dūta2 (Sk. dyūta, see jūta) ,【中】玩,賭(play, gaming, gambling J.IV,248.)

Dūtī,【陰】dūteyya,【中】差事,委託,送信(傳遞消息)(errand, commission, messages)dūtapahiṇagamana,遞消息(sending & going on messages)

Dūbhaka,【形】叛逆的人。

Dūra,【中】遠方。【形】遠的,遙遠的。dūragama,【形】到遠方去。dūrato,【無】從遠方來。dūratta,【中】遠的事實。Vbh.2.7.Tattha katama rūpa dūre?  Itthindriya …pe… kabaḷīkāro āhāro, ya vā panaññampi atthi rūpa 1anāsanne 2anupakaṭṭhe 3dūre 4asantike--ida vuccati rūpa dūre. (在此,什麼是遠色女根色、男根色、心色、命根色、食色(、水、限界色、身表色、語表色、色輕快性、色柔軟性、色適應性、色積聚、色相續性、色老性、色無常性),凡是此色1不近(anāsannenot near)2不靠近(anupakkaṭṭhenot closed)3(dūredistant)4不鄰近(asantikenot proximate),這稱為遠色。)Vbh.3.Tattha Katama rūpa santike? Cakkhāyatana …pe… phoṭṭhabbāyatana, ya vā panaññampi atthi rūpa 1āsanne 2upakaṭṭhe 3avidūre 4santike--ida vuccati rūpa santike.  Ta ta vā pana rūpa upādāyupādāya rūpa dūre santike daṭṭhabba.(在此,什麼是近色?眼處(眼淨色)、耳(耳淨色)、鼻(鼻淨色)、舌(舌淨色)、身(身淨色)、觸色(地、火、風)、顏色、聲、香、味,凡是此色1(āsannenear)2靠近(upakkaṭṭheclosed)3不遠(avidūrenot distant)4鄰近(santikeproximate),這稱為近色。取這個色、取那個色,當見到遠色近色。)

Dūsaka,【形】弄髒的人,醜化的人,敗德的,破壞的。

Dūsana,【中】腐敗,弄髒,污損,污辱,污染。

Dūsita, (Dūseti的【過) 1.破壞,污染。2.誹謗。3.虐待。

Dūseti (dus+e), 1.破壞,污染。2.誹謗。3.虐待。【過】dūsesi。【現dūsenta, dūsayamāna,【獨】dūsetvākumāri dūseti﹐強暴童女。

Dūhana,【中】污染,搶奪,群襲。

Deḍḍubha,【陽】水蛇。

Deṇḍima,【陽】半球形銅鼓,定音鼓(一種大的半球形紅銅或黃銅鼓,面爲羊皮紙,能通過調整拉力調音)

Deti (dā+e), 給。【過】adāsi。【現denta。【過dinna。【獨】datvā。參考 DadātiA.8.37./IV,243-4.“Aṭṭhimāni, bhikkhave, sappurisadānāni.  Katamāni aṭṭha? 1Suci deti, 2paṇīta deti, 3kālena deti, 4kappiya deti, 5viceyya deti, 6abhiha deti, 7dada citta pasādeti, 8datvā attamano hoti.(諸比丘!善士之施有八種。以何為八?即:1鮮潔而施、2殊妙而施、3隨時而施、4適當而施、5辨別而施、6屢屢而施、7施時心明淨、8施後愉悅。)

Deva,【陽】1.神,2.天空,3.雨雲,4.國王。devakaññā,【陰】天女。devakāya,【陽】天眾,一群神。devakumāra,【陽】神的王子。devakusuma,【中】丁香。devagaa,【陽】一組神。devacārikā,【陰】天堂的旅程。devaccharā,【陰】女神,天女。devatara,【形】次等神。devaṭṭhāna,【中】天祠,神廟。devattabhāva,【陽】神的情況,神身。devadattika, devadattiya,【形】神授的。devadundubhi,【陰】雷。devadūta,【陽】天訊(神的報信者)devadeva,【陽】神中神(神的神)devadhamma,【陽】天法(神的德行),怕犯罪。devadhītu,【陰】少女神。devanagara,【中】天城(神的城市)devanara,【中】天人(SA.9.6./I,293.Naradevānanti devanarāna.諸天人)devanikāya,【陽】天神的團體。devaparisā,【陰】神的集會。devaputta,【陽】神的兒子。devapura,【中】天的城市。devabhavana,【中】神的住所。devayāna,【中】去天堂的路徑,飛艇。devarāja,【陽】天王。devarukkha,【陽】天樹。devarūpa,【中】神像。devaloka,【陽】天堂,天界devavimāna,【形】天上的大廈。aññatara devanikāya uppajjati﹐生為天眾中之一(《中阿含經》譯作:生餘意生天)SA.35.135.devaloke ca ekantasukhasamappitattā ekantakhiḍḍārativasena uppannapamādena maggabrahmacariyavāsa vasitu na sakkā.(天世間一向是受樂,一向是享樂,生起放逸之心,那是不可能安住於修道、修梵行。)

Devatā,【陰】天人,女天人。sā devatā﹐彼男天人,彼女天人是指從四天王天(Catumahārāja)以上至色究竟天(Akaniṭṭha)的二十四層天。其中有欲界六天即︰四天王天,忉利天,夜摩天,兜率天,化樂天,他化樂天。色界十八天即︰梵身天,梵輔天,大梵天;少光天,無量光天,光音天;少淨天,無量淨天,遍淨天;少福天,福生天,廣果天,和五阿那含天(無煩天,無熱天,善現天,善見天,色究竟天)及無想天。無色界四天,也是屬於天人,但在經典中不見他們與人間往來。

Devatta,【中】神性。

Devadāru,【陽】雪松(一種高大的西洋杉,〔雪松屬〕(Cedrus deodara),原産於喜馬拉雅山脈,樹枝下垂,葉子黑綠色,在印度是一種重要的木材松樹;亦稱喜馬拉雅杉)

Devara,【陽】姊夫,丈夫的兄弟。

Devarājan,【陽】天王。Sakko devānamindo, 帝釋(沙咖)天王(=Sakko devāna Indo﹐又作釋提恒因,即忉利天之主,為首座天王。)。第二座天王波闍波提(Pajāpati)列為第三天王Varua(瓦盧納);第四座天王Īsāna (伊沙那)(SA.11.3./I,341.)

Devasika,【形】日常發生的。devasika,【副】日常地。

Devātideva,【陽】諸神的神。

Devānubhāva,【陽】deviddhi,【陰】神力。

Devisi,【陽】神仙(神的先知者)

Devī,【陰】女神,皇后。

Devūpapatti,【陰】再生爲神。

Desa,【陽】區域,國家。

Desaka, desetu,【陽】弘法者,傳道者,詳細說明的人。

Desanā,【陰】講道,訓誡,弘法。desanāvilāsa,【陽】美妙的教育。

Desika,【形】國家或省的。

Desita, (Deseti的【過) 指出,傳道,弘法。

Deseti(dis(diś)詳說+e)(Sk. deśayati, caus. of disati), 指出,傳道,弘法,詳細說明,懺悔(to point out, indicate, show; set forth, preach, teach; confess)。【過】desesi, adesesi, adesayi(in Ratanasutta)。【現desenta, desita。【獨】desetvā3s.aor. adesayi(=adesayī)

Dessa, dessiya(Sk. dveya, to dvis, see disa),【形】不愉快的,嫌惡的,可憎的(disagreeable, odious, detestable)

Deha,【陽】【中】身體。dehanikkhepana,【中】放下身體,死亡。dehanissita,【形】與身體連接的,身體的。dehaja(< deha-ja),「身體-所生的」。

Dehī,【陽】有身體的,生物。

Doa(Sk. droa (nt.)),【陽】【中】陀那(bucket, 容量,大約 1 加侖,或蒲式耳〔容量等於八加侖〕;a wooden pail, vat, trough; usually as measure of capacity (4 āḷhaka generally))taṇḍuladoa, a doa of ricedoamāpaka, of which a doa full is cooked, a doa measure of food; doamāpaka (mahāmatta) (a higher official)doapāka(doa+pāka烹調),【陽】一桶烹調的飯菜。

Doika(<doa),【形】一桶的(measuring a doa in capacity)

Doṇī, doikā,【陰】獨木舟,木缽,船(a hollow wooden vessel, tub, vat)rajanadonī﹐染缸(a dye vat)ekarukkhadoikanāvappamāṇo nāgarājā,一條木製獨木舟大小的龍王。

Doniyā糟。sāpānadoniyā, 狗食用之糟。sūkaradoniyā, 猪食用之糟。rajakadoniyā, 染物師所用之糟。

Domanassa,【中】憂,憂慼,不愉快,憂鬱,傷心事。

Dolā,【陰】鞦韆,轎子。

Dolāyati (dolā 的【派】), 搖擺,來回移動。【過】dolāyi

Dovārika,【陽】守門人。

Dosa1(dosa),【陽】腐敗(corruption),缺點(defect),過失(fault)dosakkhāna,【中】責備。dosāpagata,【形】無過失的,無缺點的。dosāropaa,【中】責備,挑剔。【陽.複】dosā

Dosa2(<dus不悅;梵doa, dvea),【陽】忿怒、憎(anger)dosaggi,【陽】怒火。sadosa, 有瞋。【反】adosa,無瞋、無憎。SA.3.2./I,137.dussanalakkhao doso.(忿怒相,稱為忿怒)M.45.(=Ud.6-8./p.72.)‘natthi kāmesu doso’ti.(諸欲無過(屬於邪見))

Dosaniya, Dosanīya & Dosaneyya (grd.-formation either to dosa1 or dosa2, but more likely=Sk. *dūṣanīya= dūṣya (see dussa2 & dussati) influenced by dveaṇīya)【形】。

Dosinā,【陰】明亮,月光照耀的,月明的。

Dohaka,【陽】産乳的人。

Dohaa,【陽】想懷孕的女人,強壯的欲望。dohainī,【陰】有點渴望的女人。

Dohī,【形】1.産乳的人。2.忘恩負義的人。

Dvagula,【形】二寸的。【中】二寸。

Dvatti, Dvattikkhattu,【副】兩三次。

Dvattipatta,【中】兩三碗。

Dvattisati(=battisati),【陰】三十二。Dvattisāka【陽】三十二種身體的成份,指身體的髮、毛、爪、齒、皮等三十二種成份。Khuddakapāṭha (Kh.)《小誦》(3.Dvattisākāro三十二身分)Atthi imasmi kāye-- 1kesā 2lomā 3nakhā 4dantā 5taco, 6masa 7nhāru 8aṭṭhi 9aṭṭhimiñja 10vakka, 11hadaya 12yakana 13kilomaka 14pihaka 15papphāsa, 16anta 17antagua 18udariya 19karīsa 20 matthaluga, 21pitta 22semha 23pubbo 24lohita 25sedo 26medo, 27assu 28vasā 29kheo 30sighāṇikā 31lasikā 32muttan’ti.(在此身有:1.諸髮(m. kesā﹐台語:頭鬃thau5 cang)。2.諸毛(n. lomā﹐台語:身軀sin khu mo)。3.諸指甲(m. nakhā﹐台語:指甲cing2 kah)。4.諸齒(m. dantā﹐喙齒chiu3 khi2)。5.皮(m. taco)。6.肉(n. masa, 台語:bah)。7.m. nahāru8.n. aṭṭhi9.f. aṭṭhi-miñjā10.腎(n. vakka﹐台語:sin7﹐腰子io ci211.心(n. hadaya)。12.肝(n. yakana)。13.肋膜n. kilomaka pleura14.脾(n. pihaka)。15.n. papphāsa16.腸(n. anta)。17.腸膜(n. antagua)。18.胃中物(n. udariya)。19.n. karīsa20.(n. matthaluga)21.膽汁(n. pitta)22.(n. semha) 23.(m. pubbo)24.(n. lohita)25.(m. sedo)26.脂肪(m. medo, 台語chi hong)27.(n. assu﹐台語:目屎bak8 sai2)28.油膏(f. vasā tallow)29.(m. kheo﹐口水﹐台語:chiu3 nua7)30.(f. sighāṇika鼻水phinn7 cui2)31.關節液(f. lasikā;英 synovic fluid)32.尿(n. mutta)

1)kesā

2) lomā

3)nakhā

4) dantā

5) taco

 

Dvanda,【中】一對,夫婦,二數。【陽】連接詞的複合詞〔巴利語法〕。

Dvaya,【中】一對,夫婦,二數。

Dvācattāḷīsati,【陰】四十二。

Dvādasa,【形】十二。

Dvānavuti,【陰】九十二。

Dvāra(Ved. dvār (f.) & dvāra (nt.), base *dhvār),【中】門,入口。dvārakavāṭa,【中】門的百葉窗,門和窗戶。dvārakoṭṭhaka,【中】門口,入口,關口,大門的空間。dvāragāma,【陽】在城門外面的村莊。dvārapāla, dvāraṭṭha,【陽】守門人,看門人。dvārabāhā,【陰】門檻,戶奠(a door postdoorpost)dvārasālā,【陰】門附近的大廳。

Dvārika,【形】門的。【名】看門人,【陽】。

Dvāvīsati,【陰】二十二。

Dvāsaṭṭhi(=dvisaṭṭhi),【陰】六十二。dvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhi﹐六十二見。六十二見:於過去世五陰上。各橫計四句。過去四句者。一者如去。二者不如去。三者亦如去亦不如去。四者非如去非不如去。於未來五陰上計四句。一者有邊。二者無邊。三者亦有邊亦無邊。四者非有邊非無邊。於現在陰上。各計四句。一者常。二者無常。三者亦常亦無常。四者非常非無常。二陰上各起四見。五陰合數為二十。三世總計為六十見。總目斷常無見以為根本。是為六十二見(《法門名義集》T54.196.1)

Dvāsattati,【陰】七十二。

Dvāsīti,【陰】八十二。

Dvi,【形】(數位)二。dvika,【中】二數,一對,夫婦。dvikkhattu,【副】兩次。dvigua,【形】兩倍的,加倍的。dvicattālīsati,【陰】四十二。dvijivha,【形】蛇(有兩個舌頭的)dvinavuti,【陰】九十二。dvipaññāsati,【陰】五十二。dvimāsika,【形】兩個月大,已生存了兩個月。dvisaṭṭhi,【陰】六十二。dvisata,【中】。二百。dvisattati,【陰】七十二。dvisahassa,【中】二千。

Dvija,【陽】婆羅門,鳥,牙齒,(兩次生的)

Dvidhā,【副】以二方式,在兩個部份中。dvidhāpatha,【陽】道路的交叉。

Dvipa,【陽】象。

Dvipada (dvi-pada), Dipada,【陽】兩足,二足,人類。

Dvīha,【中】兩天。dvīhatīha,【副】兩三天。

Dve (dvi 的【主、複】) 二。dvebhāva,【陽】二重性。dvevācika,【形】只有兩個字()

Dvāsaṭṭhi﹐【陰】六十二。

Dvejjha,【中】疑惑,矛盾。【形】可疑的。

Dvedhā(Sk. dvidhā),【副】以二方式,在二(in two parts, in two)dvedhāgata﹐成為二分(gone to pieces)dvedhāpatha,【陽】交叉道路(猶豫不決)(a twofold way, a crossing; only fig. doubt.)

Dvehaka(Sk. *dvaidhaka fr. adv. Dvidhā),【中】疑惑。dvehajāta,【形】在懷疑著的(in doubt )dvehacitta不確定(uncertain)advehaka,【反】確定(sure, certain, without doubt)

 

Dh

 

Dh, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第十九個輔音字母。發音是送氣帶音的 d,漢語沒有這個輔音,請參考英語或馬來語的發音。

dhas (dhar),【字根I.】落下、跌倒(to fall down),毀滅(to perish)Dhasati

Dhasati (Ved. dhvasati to fall to dust, sink down, perish), 落下、跌倒(to fall from, to be deprived of (c. Abl.), to be gone)。【使】dhaseti (Sk. dhvasayati, but more likely=Sk. dharayati (to infest, molest= Lat. infestare. On similar sound-change P. dhas-> Sk. dhar cp. P. daseti>Sk. darśayati). Caus. of dhṛṣṇoti), 剝奪,破壞(to deprive of, to destroy, assault, importune)dhasitvā, 【獨】。Cp. padhasati, paridhasati.

Dhasana (Sk. dharana), 【形】【中】破壞,帶來毀滅(destroying, bringing to ruin, only in kuladhasana as v. l. to kula-gandhana (q.v.).

Dhasin (Sk. dharin to dhṛṣṇoti, see dhaseti), 【形】【中】(obtrusive, bold, offensive M.I,236; A.II,182; Dh.244 (=DhA.III,353 paresa gua dhasanatāya dh.).

Dhaka (Sk. dhvānka, cp. also dhukṣā),【陽】烏鴉(=kāka)(crow)

Dhaja(Sk. dhvaja, cp. Ohg. tuoh “cloth”),【陽】旗,符號,(siong7 teng (音︰上丁) siong7 tin(音︰上珍))(a flag, banner; mark, emblem, sign, symbol)dhajagga, 【陽】旗尖,旗頂。dhajālu,【形】以旗子裝飾的。dhajāhaa,【形】在戰爭中捕獲的,作爲戰利品。

Dhajagga-paritta, 【陽】旗頂保護經(S.11.2./I,218.cf.《雜阿含981經》(T.255.1),《增壹阿含24.1經》卷十(T2.615.1))

Dhajinī(Sk. dhvajinī, f. to adj. dhvajin),【陰】軍隊(“bearing a standard,” i. e. an army, legion)

Dhañña,【中】穀粒,玉黍蜀。dhaññarāsi,【陽】穀粒堆。dhaññagāra, 穀倉。dhaññaphala, 穀粒。dhaññaphalarasa, 穀汁。

Dhañña, dhaññavantu,【形】幸福的,幸運的。

Dhata (dhāreti 的【過), 已緊記,已熟記。

Dhata-raṭṭha(Dhitarāṣṭra)持國天,音譯提頭賴吒、持梨哆阿囉哆、提多羅吒又作治國天、安民天、順怨天四天王之一。此天王護持國土,安撫眾生,又稱東方天。

Dhataraṭṭha﹐持國天王,四天王依四方而分四界。每一界皆由一位天王所統治。在東方,持國天王統治乾達婆(gandhabba音樂神)

Dhana,【中】財富,財産。dhanakkhaya,【陽】財盡。dhanakkīta,【形】用錢買的。dhanatthaddha,【形】以財爲傲的。dhanatthika,【形】需要財富的。dhanalola,【形】貪婪財富的。dhanavantu,【形】富有的。dhanahetu,【副】爲了財富。dhanāsā,【陰】渴望財富。

Dhanāyati (dhana 的【派】), 視某物爲財富。

Dhanika,【陽】債權人。

Dhaniṭṭhā,【陰】虛宿(二十七星宿之一)

Dhanita,【中】聲音。【形】發出聲音的,〔語〕有濁音的,濁音的。

Dhanī,【形】富有的。【名】富有的人。

Dhanu(dhanus),【中】弓(一弓等於四肘長)dhanuka,【中】小弓。dhanukāra,【陽】弓匠。dhanuketakī,【陽】露兜樹(參考 Ketakī)dhanuggaha,【陽】弓箭手。dhanusippa,【中】箭術。

Dhanta, (dhamati 的【過)

dham(dham/ dhmā)﹐【字根I.】吹(to blow)

Dhama(Sk. dhama, to dhamati), Dhamaka,【形】【陽】吹的人,(喇叭等)演奏者。

dhamakaraka,【陽】濾水囊,過濾器,濾水器。(時常看到 dhammakaraka 的詞形)

Dhamati (dham+a), 吹,使發聲,激起(to blow, to sound (a drum); to kindle (by blowing), melt, smelt, singe)。【過】dhami。【現dhamāna。【過dhamanta, dhamanitadhamanta,【獨】dhamitvā

Dhamani,【陰】血管。dhamanisanthatagatta,【形】全身血管暴露的(缺乏肌肉)

Dhameti (dham+e), 吹,使發聲。【過】dhamesi。【過dhamita。【現dhamenta。【使】dhamāpeti

Dhamma (Dharma<dh支持﹑握著), 【中】(有時作【陽】)法,教義,自然,事實,規格,道德,好行爲。dhammakkhāna,【中】弘法(教義的講道)dhammakathā,【陰】法論(宗教性的談話,倫理的討論)dhammakathika,【陽】法論者(傳道的人)dhammakamma,【中】法業(合法的行爲),如法羯磨(符合戒律規則的程序)dhammakāma,【形】熱愛真理的人。dhammakāya,【形】法身。dhammakkhandha,【陽】法蘊 (規格的部分)dhammagaa,【陽】法眾(dhamma-clubmen)dhammagaṇḍikā,【陰】斷頭台,刑場。dhammagaru,【形】法尊(尊敬規格的)dhammagutta,【形】法護。dhammaghosaka,【陽】法音者(宣教的人)dhammacakka,【中】法輪。dhammacakkappavattana,【中】轉法輪(訓誡宇宙的正義)dhammacakkhu,【中】法眼(智慧的眼睛)(已生起道智,稱為法眼(SA.6.1./I,200.tiṇṇa maggañāṇāna “dhammacakkhū”ti.) 稱為法眼是低的三道和三果--遠塵,離垢,得法眼淨。Dhammacakkhu nāma heṭṭhimā tayo maggā tīṇi ca phalāni, ya--“viraja vītamala dhammacakkhu udapādī”ti āgata.dhammacariyā,【陰】法行(遵守十善業)dhammacārī,【陽】法行者(遵守正義的人)。【形】有品德的。dhammacetiya,【中】法塔。dhammajīvī,【形】正直地生活的。dhammaññū,【形】懂得教義的人。dhammaṭṭha,【形】正義的,正直的。dhammaṭṭhiti,【陰】法dhammatakka,【陽】法思擇(正確的推論)dhammatā,()法性,法自然。dhammadāna,【中】法施(規格的禮物)dhammadāyāda,【形】法嗣(以法爲遺産,教義的繼承人。Dhammadāyādā me bhikkhave bhavatha mā āmisadāyādā比丘們!成為我的法嗣者,莫成為我的財產的繼承者。)dhammadīpa,【形】法燈,法島(以法爲可靠的立足點)dhammadesanā,【陰】說法,開示佛理。dhammadessī,【陽】法憎者(憎恨法者)dhammadhaja,【形】法旗(以法爲旗幟的)dhammadhara,【形】法持,持法者(牢記法的人)dhammaniyāma,【陽】法序(法的次序)dhammapaṇṇākāra,【陽】法贈(法爲贈品)dhammapada,【中】法句()dhammappamāṇa,【形】法(藉著教義爲測量)dhammabhaṇḍāgārika,【陽】法司庫(正義的財務員)dhammabheri,【陰】法鼓(正義之鼓)dhammarakkhita,【形】法護(被法保護的)dhammarata,【形】法愛(愛好法)dhammarati,【陰】法樂(以法爲樂)dhammarasa,【陽】法味(法的味道)dhammarāja,【陽】法王(正義之王)dhammaladdha,【形】法獲(正直取得的)dhammavara,【陽】優法(優良的教義)dhammavādin,【形】法語者(依法說的)dhammavicaya,【陽】擇法(對法做檢討)dhammavidū,【形】知法者(懂法的人)dhammavinaya,【陽】法與律,法律。dhammavinicchaya,【陽】法決(正當的決定)dhammavihārī,【形】法住(依法而住的)dhammasavibhāga,【陽】法的分配。dhammasagīti,【陰】法誦(法的背誦)dhammasagāhaka,【陽】法的編輯者。dhammasamādāna,【中】法的獲得。dhammasaraa,【中】歸依法。dhammasavaa,【中】聽聞法。dhammasākacchā,【陰】討論法。dhammasālā,【陰】法堂。dhammasenāpati,【陽】法將(法的大元帥或總司令,在經典中,指舍利弗、目犍連)dhammasoṇḍa,【形】愛好法。dhammassāmī,【陽】法主(法的統治者)dhammadhipati,【形】敬法爲指南。dhammānudhamma,【陽】法隨法(法次法,合法,守法)dhammānudhammappaipanna﹐【陽】法隨法行、法次法向,《長阿含經》譯:法法成就。dhammanuvattī, dhammanusārī,【形】隨法行(dhamma-follower守法的行動的;相對於信行者’ saddhānusārī (faith-follower))dhammabhisamaya,【陽】法現觀(理解真理)dhammamata,【中】法的甘露。dhammādāsa,【陽】法鏡。dhammādhāra,【形】法的支持者。dhammānupassin(dhammānupassī= dhamma(單數形態表達複數意義)+anupassī),隨觀諸法(adj.,m.s.Nom.)dhammāsana,【中】法座。nippariyāya-dhammadesanā, 直接或沒有受到裝飾的教法(直接的方式全面地解說諸究竟法,而完全沒有受到裝飾)pariyāya-dhammadesanā, 譬喻式或受到裝飾的教法。AA.3.30./II,203.Dhammānudhammappaipannoti navalokuttaradhammassa anudhamma saha sīlena pubbabhāgapaipada paipanno. (法次法向︰行向九種出世間法、適當的法及戒的前分行道。) A.7.64./IV,57.Dhammānudhammappaipannoti navanna lokuttaradhammāna anurūpadhamma pubbabhāgapaipada paipanno.(法次法向︰行向九種出世間法、適當的法的前分行道。)

Dhammacariyā,【陰】法行(遵守十善業)KhA.5-10./p.140.Dhammassa cariyā, dhammā vā anapetā cariyā dhammacariyā.(法之行,或者法沒有缺席,為法行) KhA.5-10./p.141.Dhammacariyā nāma dasakusalakammapathacariyā.(法行︰十善業之行。) SA.3.25./I,167.Aññatra dhammacariyāyāti hapetvā dhammacariya añña kātabba natthi, dasakusalakammapathasakhātā dhammacariyāva kattabbā, bhanteti-- samacariyādīni tasseva vevacanāni.(除了法行之外︰除了法行之外,不應該做別的,即所謂的十善業之法行。)

Dhammacakka,【中】法輪。佛陀入滅後150年左右,阿育王(公元前273~前236年在位)大統一印度,之後,他成為佛教徒,阿育王在印度各地立有單一巨石所雕刻而成的石柱(Ashoka Pillar),刻有昭告天下的文字。在佛陀初轉法輪的鹿野苑,阿育王石柱頂端,特別雕刻四隻背對背的威武精美石獅,石獅下有24輻的法輪──象徵24緣,象徵向四面八方傳播佛陀的綸音。

Dhammadhātu【陰】法界。Vism.589.Tasampayuttā phassādayo dhammadhātūti.(與彼(諸識)相應的觸等為法界)SA.12.32./II,67.Sā hi bhikkhu Sāriputtassa dhammadhātūti ettha dhammadhātūti paccayākārassa vivaabhāvadassanasamattha sāvakapāramīñāṇa.  Sāvakānañhi sāvakapāramīñāṇa sabbaññutaññāṇagatikameva hoti.  Yathā Buddhāna atītānāgatapaccuppannā dhammā sabbaññutaññāṇassa pākaṭā honti, eva therassa sāvakapāramīñāṇa sabbepi sāvakañāṇassa gocaradhamme jānātīti.()CS:S-(S.19.1)pg.2.182Dhammadhātūti sabbaññutaññāṇa sandhāya vadati. Dhammadhātūti vā dhammāna sabhāvo.

Dhammapada,【中】法句()。巴利文《法句經》從〈雙要品〉到〈婆羅門品〉,共計二十六品423偈,由299故事組成(詳見法句經注)。有部的《法句經》是法救所纂集,從「無常品」到「梵志品」33品;趙宋天息譯《法集要頌》。「法句」是偈頌,為印度初出家者的入門書。支謙(西元225年頃)說:「其在天竺始進業者,不學《法句》,謂之越敘。此乃始進者之洪漸,深入者之奧藏也。可以啟曚、辯惑,誘人自立,學之功微,而所苞者廣。」今日斯里蘭卡(錫蘭)也要求出家眾在受比丘戒前能夠背誦《法句經》。

  1)西元224年頃支謙先得維祇難帶來的五百偈初本(T4, p566c),共26498偈,為《法句經》初期集本【A】。於225年頃,維祇難、竺將炎等人譯出此初本。

2)後來,竺將炎又帶來13品,補成39 752偈(偈數算法不同,或算作757偈、758偈、759偈),此即《法句偈》39品本=後期集本【C】。於225年頃,維祇難、竺將炎等人譯出,從〈無常品〉到〈吉祥品〉共計三十九品,為《法句經》混合本。

3)於290-306年,法炬、法立共同譯出《法句譬喻經=法句本末經=法喻經》,從〈無常品〉到〈吉祥品〉,共計三十九品,為《法句經》混合本,有法句偈頌之譬喻/因緣75篇。

4)於383年,竺佛念譯出法救編的《出曜經=法句錄》,內含約825-862偈,從〈無常品〉到〈梵志品〉,共計三十三品,此即《法句偈》33品本=中期集本【B】。並有法句偈頌之譬喻/因緣,以及對偈頌略作註釋。

5)於990-1000年,天息災譯出法救編的《法集要頌=諸佛法頌偈》, 928偈,從〈有為品〉到〈梵志品〉共計三十三品,此即《法句偈》33品本=中期集本【B】。

小結:西元383,在漢地已有:A】《法句經》26品本=初期集本;及其譬喻/因緣:含在《法句譬喻經》內。【B】《法句偈》33品本=《法句經》中期集本,是法救所編集;及其譬喻/因緣=《出曜經》。【C】《法句偈》39品本=《法句經》後期集本,但仍標示為法救所編集;及其譬喻/因緣=《法句譬喻經》。

Dhammavinaya,【陽】法與律,法律。有時作「正法律」(saddhammavinaya)SA.47.4./III,200.Dhammavinayoti dhammoti vā vinayoti vā ubhayameta Satthusāsanasseva nāma.(法律︰法與律,這兩者。大師(=佛陀)之教之稱。)

Dhammasangaṇī, 《法聚論》(或《法集論》),南傳巴利論藏七部論之一。本論對心的善惡、地位、階段等詳加分析,得出八十九種心。)

Dhammapariyāya ( Dhammaparyāya), 法門,法波梨耶夜,為佛教教法的通稱。

Dhammatā,【陰】常法(一般的規則),法性(自然)

Dhammani,【陽】捕食鼠類的遊蛇類(如:鼠蛇,錦蛇等)

Dammika,【形】如法的,正直的。

Dhammilla,【陽】髻,辮子,髮辮。

Dhammīkathā,【陰】宗教性的談話。【工】【離】dhammiyā kathāya

dhar﹐【字根I.】是(to be)存在、有(to exist)

dhar(Dh)﹐【字根VII.】支持(support)握著(to hold)忍受(to bear)

Dhara,【形】(在【合】中)懷有的,持有的,記住的,穿著的,戴著的。

Dharaa,【中】重量:大約 2/5 盎司。

Dharaṇī,【陰】地球。dharaṇīruha,【陽】樹。

Dharati (dhar+a), 持續,繼續,活著。【過】dhari。【現dharanta, dharamāna。【工】dharantena

Dharā,【陰】地球。

Dhava,【陽】丈夫,兒茶樹(參考 Khadira)

Dhavala,【形】白色的,清潔的。【名】白色。

dhā(dhā, dadh)﹐【字根I.】放(to put)忍受(to bear)

Dhāta,【過】已飽,已餵養,已滿足。atidhāta,【過】太飽。

Dhātī,【陰】護士(nurse),養母。

Dhātu(Sk. dhātu to dadhāti),【陰】元素,天然的情況,舍利(神聖的遺物),詞根,身體的體液,官能。Dhātukathā,【陰】《界論》。dhātukusala,【中】對元素熟練。dhātughara,【中】舍利室。dhātunānatta,【中】自然或元素的各式個樣。dhātuvibhāga,【陽】元素的區分,分配舍利。Aṭṭhārasa dhātuyocakkhudhātu,  rūpadhātu, cakkhuviññāṇadhātu, sotadhātu,  saddadhātu, sotaviññāṇadhātu, ghānadhātu,  gandhadhātu, ghānaviññāṇadhātu, jivhādhātu, rasadhātu, jivhāviññāṇadhātu, kāyadhātu,  phoṭṭhabbadhātu, kāyaviññāṇadhātu, manodhātu, dhammadhātu, manoviññāṇadhātu.(十八界︰眼界、色界、眼識界、耳界、聲界、耳識界、鼻界、香界、鼻識界、舌界、味界、舌識界、身界、觸界、身識界、意界、法界、意識界。) dhātuso, Abl.從界(according to one’s nature)

Dhātukathā,【陰】《界論》,巴利論藏的第三本書,闡述蘊、處、界諸法之攝不攝及相應不相應之關係。內容共分十四品,首揭十四品之名目和五蘊、十二處、十八界等二十八種論母,次入十四品本文,包括攝類五品、相應類五品及攝、相應組合類四品,共703條問答分別。(《中華佛教百科全書()p.3253.1))

Dhātuka,【形】(在【合】中) 性質的。

Dhāna, -dhāna, (Sk. dhāna, to dadhāti; cp. dhātu),【形】1.持拿,包括(holding, containing),【中】(a receptacle). f. dhānī a seat (=ṭhāna), in rāja° “the king’s seat,” a royal town. Often in comb with gāma & nigama (see gāma 3 a): Vin.III,89; J.VI,397; Pv.II,1318.

Dhāniya, -dhāniya, (Sk. dhānya, cp. dhañña2),【形】財富(wealthy, rich, abundant in)

Dhāra, dhāraka, dhārī(Sk. dhāra to dhāreti; cp. dhara),【形】(在【合】中) 懷有的,持有的,穿著的,戴著的(bearing, holding, having)

Dhāraka (dhāra-ka)﹐【陽】受持者。dhāraka jātika﹐有受持的性質。

Dhāraa﹐【中】受持,憶持。

Dhāraaka﹐【中】憶持者,債務者。

Dhāraṇā﹐【陰】憶持,大池。

Dhārā,【陰】1.奔流,水流,陣雨。2.武器的利刃(日語:劍葉)

Dhāreti (dhar+e), 忍受,支撐,穿著,戴著。【過】dhāresi。【過dhārita。【現dhārenta 【獨】dhāretvādhāreyya, 3s.opt.

Dhāretu,【陽】受持者,持有人,所有者,穿著者,頂戴者。

dhāv(dhav, dhanv)﹐【字根I.】跑(to run)cp.(dhav),流動(flow)

Dhāvati (dhāv+a), 跑掉(逃走)。【過】dhāvi。【過dhāvita。【現dhāvanta。【獨】dhāviya, dhāvitvā

Dhāvana,【中】奔跑。

Dhāvī,【形】跑的人。

Dhi,【無】(表示嫌惡,震驚等)咄!呸!(反對演說者時的喊叫)真可恥!沒羞!(表示悲痛、懊惱、不幸)唉!咳!呀!

Dhikkata,【形】輕視的,厭惡的,辱駡的。

Dhiti,【陰】精力,勇氣。dhitimantu,【形】精力充沛的,堅決的。

Dhī,【陰】智慧(=paññā),厭惡(=jigucchana)dhīmantu,【形】明智的。

Dhītalikā,【陰】娃娃。

Dhītu(dhītar),【陰】女兒。dhītā,3.主】。dhītaro,3..主】。puttassa dhītara, 孫女。

Dhītupati,【陽】女婿。

Dhīyati (dhā+i+ya), 被生。【過】dhīyi。【現dhīyamāna

Dhīra,【形】明智的,明智者。

Dhīvara,【陽】漁夫。

Dhuta, dhūta (dhunāti 的【過), 已抖落,已擺脫,已撤走。dhutaga ,【中】頭陀支,苦行支。dhutadhara,【形、中】修持頭陀支者,苦行者。dhutavādī,【陽】人教授頭陀支的人。《清淨道論》Vism.59︰十三頭陀支。即()糞掃衣支,()三衣支,()常乞食支,()次第乞食支,()一座食支,()一鉢食支,()時後不食支,()阿練若住支,()樹下住支,()露地住支,(十一)塚間住支,(十二)隨處住支,(十三)常坐不臥支。

Dhutta, Dhuttaka(Sk. dhūrta, dhūrtaka,from dhūrvati & dhvarati to injure, deceive),【陽】沉湎,過著墮落生活的人,惡棍,狡猾,姦狡,騙子(of abandoned life, wild, fast, cunning, crafty, fraudulent; wicked, bad. (m.) a rogue, cheat, evil-minded person, scoundrel, rascal)Sn.v.106.“Itthidhutto surādhutto, akkhadhutto ca yo naro; Laddha laddha vināseti, ta parābhavato mukha”.(這種好色、嗜酒、好賭的人,將所得揮霍一空,是毀滅的原因。)

Dhuttī, dhuttikā,【陰】上方的。

Dhunana,【中】抖落,擺脫,廢除。

Dhunāti (dhu+nā), 投,擲,抖落,擺脫,除去。【過】dhuni。【現dhunanta。【義】dhunitabba,【獨】dhunitvā

Dhura,【中】1.辦公室,職責,費用。2.軛、3.車轅。4.前部。【形】最初的,接近的。dhuragāma,【陽】附近的村莊。dhurandhara,【形】有辦公室的,接受職責的。dhuranikkhepa,【陽】放棄希望,放棄職責。dhurabhatta,【中】經常施食。dhuravahana,【中】有軛,有辦公室。dhuravihāra,【陽】附近的寺院。

Dhuva,【形】穩定的,長的,經常的,不變的。dhuva,【副】經常地,不變地。

dhū(dhū / dhu)﹐【字根V.】使震驚(to shake)

Dhūpa,【陽】熏香(incense)

Dhūpana, 1.熏香。2.調味料,(咖哩的)調料。

Dhūpāyati (dhūpa 的【派】) 出煙,燻製。【過】dhūpāyi。【現dhūpāyanta。【過dhūpāyita

Dhūpeti (dhūp+e), 以油滋味,以油調味,燻製,薰,使發香。【過】dhūpesi。【過dhūpita。【獨】dhūpetvācf. vidhūpeti, 離燻。cf. sandhūpeti,全不燻

Dhūma,【陽】煙,臭氣。dhūmaketu,【陽】慧星,火。dhūmajāla,【中】煙網(大量的煙)dhūmanetta,【中】煙囪,煙斗,煙袋,煙嘴。dhūmasikha,【陽】火。dhūmāyitatta,【中】黑暗化,烏雲密布,成爲似煙的。

Dhūmāyati (dhūma 的【派】), 吸煙,發煙燃燒,烏雲密布。【過】dhūmāyi

Dhūli,【陰】灰塵。台語:土沙粉thoo5 sua hun2,颺()ing ia

Dhūsara,【形】灰褐色的,微黃色的。

Dhenu,【陰】母牛,任何雌性動物。dhenupa,【陽】牛犢(未斷奶的小牛)

Dhota, (dhovati 的【過)Dhotodano﹐純淨飯王(古譯:斛飯王)

Dhona,【形】明智的。

Dhorayha,【形】能負擔的,能馱軛的,【陽】馱畜。

dhov﹐【字根I.】洗(to wash)

Dhovati (dhov+a), 洗,沖洗,純淨。【過】dhovi。【過dhota。【現dhovanta。【義】dhovitabba。【獨】dhovitvā, dhoviya

Dhovana,【中】洗滌。katamukhadhovanādikiccā, 作漱口等作務。

 

N

 

N, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第二十個輔音字母。發音好像漢語中的 n

Na,【無】(否定虛詞), 沒有,不(no, 也是否定虛詞,有強調之意)Kadā,【副】什麽時候? na koci﹐無人(no onenot anyone)na kassaci﹐無人的(of no one)na kiñci﹐無事、無物(nothingnot anything)na kathañci﹐無法(no waynot in anywayunder no circumstances)na kadāci﹐無任何時候、從不(never)na katthaci﹐無論任何地方(nowherenot anywhere)

Na, 1.ta的中..(另外兩種ta (the usual form) tad(older))2. ta的陽..賓或ta的中..賓。

Nakula(Ved. nakula, cp. nakra crocodile),【陽】貓鼬(mungoosea mungoose, Viverra Ichneumon)

Nakka,【陽】(turtle)

Nakkhatta (Ved. nakṣatra collect. formation from naktiḥ & naktā),【中】星座,星宿(ㄒㄧㄡˋ,台語chinn siu3),星,慶祝。nakkhattakīḷā,【陰】nakkhattakīlana,【中】在某些星座的出現而慶祝的節日。nakkhattapāṭhaka,【陽】占星家。nakkhattayoga。【陽】行星的連接,占星術。nakkhattarāja,【陽】星王(月亮)

Nakha (Ved. nakha, cp. Sk. aghri foot),【陽】【中】指甲,爪(a nail of finger or toe, a claw)nakhapañjara,【陽】爪。nakhasikha, 【陰】指端。

Nakhin,【形】有爪的(having nails)

Naga,【陽】山(mountain)gāmā gāma nagā naga, 從這村到那村,從這山到那山。

Nagara (Ved. Nagara),【中】城鎮,城堡,要塞(a stronghold, citadel, fortress; a (fortified) town, city)nagaraguttika,【陽】市長。nagaravara,【中】皇家城市。nagaravāsin,【陽】市民。nagarasodhaka,【陽】清道夫。nagarasobhinī,【陰】城市的美女,城鎮的妓女。

Nagga(Ved. nagna)(=niccola PvA. 32),【形】赤裸的裸的(naked, nude)naggacariyā,【陰】裸露。naggasamaa,【陽】裸行者。

Naggiya(Sk. *nagnyaṁ),【中】裸露。Naggiya (naked state, nudity)

Naggiyā (Sk. nagnikā), 【形】【陰】裸露(naggā, naked)

Nagala(Ved. lāṅgala; naṅgala),【中】犁(a plough)nagalaphāla,【陽】()鏵,鏵頭。nagalalīsā,【陰】犁轅。

Naṅgalin, 【形】【中】有犁(having or using a plough, ploughman, in mukhanagalin “using the mouth as plough” Th.1, 101).

Naṅguṭṭha (nt.) [dial. for *nagūlya>*naguḷhya?]

Naguṭṭha(= nagula),【中】尾(a tail)

Nacira(Sk. nacira=na+cira,【形】不久(not of long duration, short)

Nacirassa,【副】不久。

nacc(na)﹐【字根I.】跳舞(to dance)cp.(nt),跳舞(dance)

Nacca (<na跳舞),【中】舞蹈,表演。naccaṭṭhāna,【中】劇場,舞場。A.3.103./I,261.Ummattakamida, bhikkhave, ariyassa vinaye yadida nacca.(諸比丘!於聖者之律,舞蹈是瘋子。)受八戒時,「離舞蹈」之一項,《小誦註釋》:nacca nāma yakiñci nacca.(舞蹈:任何舞蹈。) (KhA.CS:p.26)

Naccaka (Sk. *nṛtyaka),【陽】舞者,演員(a dancer, (pantomimic) actor)

Naccati (na( nṛt )舞蹈+ya,(=naṭati VvA.210)), 跳舞,表演(to dance, play)。【過】nacci。【現naccanta, naccanto(m.s.Nom., D.I,135)。【獨】naccitvāfut. naccissati ; inf. naccituṁcaus. naccāpentī(to make play Vism.305 (so read for nacch°))

Naccana (Ved. *nṛtyana, cp. Naṭana), 跳舞(dance, dancing)

na﹐【字根I.】跳舞(to dance)

Naa, naaka, naṭṭaka, nattaka,【陽】舞者(dancer),演員。

Naṭṭa, natta, nattana,【中】舞蹈,表演,演藝。

Naṭṭha, (nassati 的【過), 已遺失,已毀滅。suaṭṭha, 已迷失。

Nata, (namati 的【過)( Sk. nata, pp. of namati)﹐已彎曲,已彎下,已傾向(bent (on) )。【反】anata﹐已不彎曲。

Nati,【陰】彎曲,傾向,彎腰。

Nattamāla,【陽】水黃皮(産於亞洲的一種豆科喬木 (Pongamia glabra),具羽狀複葉,有光澤;花序總狀,花乳白色,芳香,用作遮蔭樹和一種照明油的來源)

Nattu,【陽】孫子。nattupanattakā(nattu+pa-nattakā), 孫子的孫子

Natthi (na+atthi), 沒有,不,不呈現。natthika-diṭṭhi,【陰】斷見(否認死後還會以任何形式存在,因此不承認業有善惡)natthikavāda,【陽】斷見論。natthikavādī,【陽】持斷見的人。natthitā,【陰】缺席。natthibhāva,【陽】缺席。natthi ti (=na atthi ti)(ti之連音「連音規則」)沒有。natthipaccaya﹐無有緣。《發趣論》(Paṭṭhāna)(CS:p.1.9)22. Natthipaccayoti-samanantaraniruddhā cittacetasikā dhammā pauppannāna cittacetasikāna dhammāna natthipaccayena paccayo.(無有緣:(前一名聚)諸心心所法等無間滅去,對於現在諸心心所法來說,是由無有緣而為緣。)

Natthu,【陰】鼻子。natthukamma,【中】鼻子的治療(採用倒油等)

nad(nad)﹐【字根I.】製造噪音(to make a noise)

Nadati (nad製造噪音+a), 吼,製造噪音。【過】nadi。【現nadanta。【過nadita。【獨】naditvā

Nadana,【中】吼聲。

Nadī,【陰】河。nadīkūla,【中】河岸。nadīdugga,【中】因爲有河而不能達到的地方。nadīmukha,【中】河口。nadīsota,【中】河流。Gagā, Yamunā, Sarabhū, Aciravatī, Mahī, (印度五大河:)恒何(恒伽)、搖尤那、舍牢浮、阿致羅筏底河、摩企。) Añña uppajjate citta, añña citta nirujjhati;  Avīcimanusambandho, nadīsotova vattatīti.(一心生起,另一心滅去;相續不斷,滾滾如河流。)(DA.2./I,193.MA.10./I,261.SA.47.2./III,190.)

Naddha, (nandhati 的【過), 已打結,已包裝,已以擰。

Naddhi,【陰】皮帶。

Nanandā,【陰】丈夫的姊妹。

Nanu,【無】(肯定虛詞)不是嗎?確定地,當然。

nand(nand)﹐【字根I.】高興(to be glad)

Nanda, nandaka,【形】1.慶祝的,歡慶的。2.人名。

Nandati (nand高興+a), 很高興,歡喜,嗜好。【過】nandi。【過nandita。【現nandamāna。【義】nanditabba。【獨】nanditvā

Nandana,【中】慶祝,難陀園(在忉力天,因陀羅城的一個花園名)

Nandanā,【陰】慶祝。

Nandi,【陰】快樂,歡喜,高興,渴望。nandikkhaya,【陽】喜盡(渴望的耗盡)nandirāga,【陽】喜染(熱情的高興)nandisayojana,【中】喜結(渴望的桎梏)

nandh﹐【字根I.】綁(to bind)

Nandhati (nandh+-a) (for nayhati, der. fr. naddha after analogy of baddha>bandhati), 裹,擰,繫(to bind, to cover)。【過】nandhi。【獨】nandhitvā。參考 Vinandhati, apiandhati, upanandhati, onandhati, pariyonandhati

Nandhi, Nandi, (Sk. naddhrī to naddha, pp. of nah to bind)【陰】皮帶(a strap, thon)參考 Naddhi

Napusaka(napusaka=na+pus “notmale”),【形】【陽】太監,中性(of no sex;; in gram. of the neuter gender)

Nabha,【陽】【中】天空(mist, vapour, clouds, sky)(在【合】中取nabho 的詞形。例:nabhogata = 存在天空中。

nam(nam)﹐【字根I.】彎曲(to bend)

Namakkāra(namaskāra),【陽】尊崇,尊敬,頂禮。

Namati (nam彎曲+a), 1.鞠躬,頂禮。2.傾向(Vism.527.namatīti nāma(傾向故為’))。【過】nami。【過nata。【現namanta。【獨】namitvā。【義】namitabbabhāsāya citta namati.(把心轉向於論說)

Namana, 【中】傾向。

Namaste(namas+te), namaskar, 【印】我敬禮你,你好(literally “I bow to you.”)

Namassati (namas+aVed. namasyati, denom. fr. namo), 敬禮,尊敬(to pay honour to, to venerate, honour, do homage to (often with pañjalika & añjali katvā)。【過】namassi, namassisu。【過namassita。【現namassa, namassanto, namassamāna。【獨】namassitvā, namassiya。【不】namassitu。【使】namassāpetipot. namasseyya, 1st pl. namassemu; ppr.

Namassana,【中】namassnā,【陰】尊敬,崇拜。

Namuci,【陽】破壞者,死亡;魔王。

Namo & Nama (Ved. namas),【無】敬禮、歸敬、歸依、歸命(nomage, veneration)音譯:南牟、那謨、南謨、那摩、曩莫、納莫等。多使用於唸誦前的禮敬語,如:

Namo    tassa    Bhagavato     Arahato  Sammāsambuddhassa.

南摩     達色      巴鵝瓦多       阿拉哈多    三媽三菩達色

歸依            有幸福者、世尊  阿羅漢        |    正覺

namo     ta     bhagavant       arahant  sammā+sambuddha

ind.     m.s.Dat.   m.s.Dat.        m.s.Dat.          m.s.Dat.

皈依世尊阿羅漢正等覺者(三遍)

《大悲咒》:南無喝囉怛那哆囉夜耶(梵語namo ratna-trayāya),即:歸依佛法僧三寶。

namo te atthu : 我禮敬您(namo … atthu : 直譯是「讓禮敬存在」,意譯是︰我禮敬!。te<ta, s.Dat.對他,在此「他」,是指「您」,一種尊敬的用法。)

Nammadā,【陰】印度的一條河名。

Naya,【陽】方法,計劃,方式,推論,正確的結論。

Nayati, (ni+a), 帶領,指導,引導。【過】nayi。參考 Neti。【獨】natvā

Nayana,【中】眼睛。

Nayāvudha,【陽】眼睛即武器(即:閻摩王 Yama)

Nayida(na+ y +ida那麼)那麼

Nayhati (nah +ya), 繫,綁,裹,擰。【過】nayhi。【過naddha。【獨】nayhitvā

Nara,【陽】人,人類。naradeva,【陽】國王。naravīra,【陽】英雄,佛陀。narasīha,【陽】人中獅,佛陀。narāsabha,【陽】人中君王(人的統治者)nararuttama,【陽】人之最。narādhama,【陽】壞人,惡劣的人。

Naraka, 煉獄,地獄,音譯:那落迦。cf. niraya,【陽】地獄。

Naraggi,【陽】地獄火。

Nalāṭa,【陽】額。

Nalinī,【陰】蓮花池。

Nava,【形】1.新的。2.九。navakamma,【中】新的工作。navakammika,【形】建築的專家。navaga,【形】有九部分的。navanavuti,【陰】九十九。

Navaka,【陽】初學者,新人,年輕人。【中】九個一組。navatara,【形】較年輕的(年紀較小者)bhikkhū navakatarā﹐諸較年輕的比丘。

Navattabbārammaa, 【中】當新的所緣(=現在所緣)

Navanīta,【中】鮮奶油。

Navama,【形】第九。navamī,【陰】農曆初九〔白月初九〕(或農曆廿四日〔黑月初九〕)

Navuti,【陰】九十。

nas﹐【字根III.】消失(to vanish)cp. (nas),使聯合(unite)

Nassati (nas消失+a), 毀滅,消失。【過】nassi。【過naṭṭha。【現nassanta。【獨】nassitvā

Nassana,【中】不見,損失,破壞。

Nahāta, nhāta (nahāyati 的【過), 已經沐浴(的人)

Nahāna, nhāna,【中】沐浴,洗澡。《南海寄歸內法傳》卷三︰又洗浴者,並須饑時,浴已方食,有其三益︰一則身體清虛,無諸垢穢。二則痰癊消散,能餐飲食。nahāniya,【中】沐浴粉(洗澡用的肥皂粉),任何對沐浴有用的東西。

Nahāpaka,【陽】沐浴待人(服務沐浴的員工)

Nahāpana,【中】(服務他人)沐浴,(給人)洗澡。

Nahāpita,【陽】理髮師。

Nahāpeti (nah+āpe), (給人)沐浴,洗,洗禮(to bathe (trs. & intr.), to wash, to perform an ablution)。【過】nahāpesi。【過nahāpita。【現nahāpenta。【獨】nahāpetvā

Nahāyati (nhā+ya), 洗澡。【過】nahāyi。【現nahāyanto, nahāyamāno。【獨】nahāyitvā, nahātvā。【不】nahāyitu3s.opt. nahāyeyya, nhāyeyyagrd. nahāyitabba(Vin.II,220, 280)

Nahāru, nhāru(sk.snāyu),【陽】筋,腱,筋纏。nahārusambandha(nahāru + sambandha< sa+bandh),【陽】以筋連結的Vism.253Nhārūti nava nhārusatāni. (︰有九百的腱)

Nahuta,【中】一萬,萬數,直譯︰那由他。Mv.I,41.“bahukehi kappanahutehīti.(無數萬劫中)

Naa,【陽】蘆葦,管。naakāra,【陽】編籃工人,蘆葦業員工。naakalāpa,【陽】一捆蘆葦。naamīṇa,【陽】蝦。naagāra,【中】茅屋(以蘆葦製成的小屋)

Nāka,【陽】天堂。

Nāga,【陽】龍,眼鏡蛇,象,鐵力木(指藤黃科東印度産的喬木 (Mesua ferrea),羽狀複葉,葉子長橢圓形,花期每年3~5月,花大,紅色,生長在熱帶地區。為木材中最堅韌者、最重的,每立方米重達1122公斤,呈黑褐色或紫褐色,可用來雕刻;用其花芽可以獲得紅色的染料),高貴的人。nāgadanta, nāgataka,【中】象牙釘,在牆壁上的釘。nāgabala,【形】有象的力量的。nāgabalā,【陰】貓尾射 (Uraria Lagopodioides)nāgabhavana,【中】龍的區域。nāgamāṇavaka,【陽】龍族的年輕人。nāgamānavikā,【陰】龍族的年輕未婚女子。nāgarāja,【陽】龍王。nāgarukkha,【陽】龍樹,鐵力木樹。nāgalatā,【陰】龍藤(蔞葉藤)nāgaloka,【陽】龍的世界。nāgavana,【中】鐵力木樹林,有象的森林。Nāgārjuna(ārjuna阿順那),【梵】龍樹(據說彌勒菩薩將在此樹下成佛)anīkagga nāgasaghapurakkhato, 以象為前鋒的軍隊。

Nāgara,【中】市民。

Nāgarika,【形】有市民特徵的,彬彬有禮的,有禮貌的。

Nāṭaka,【中】戲劇。

Nāṭakiṭṭhī, nāṭikā,【陰】舞女。naccagītakusala nāṭakitthi, 擅長歌舞的舞女S.19.15.Nāṭakinīti nacce adhikatā itthī.(舞女︰受指派的舞女。)

Nadika, 那低卡,一那低卡等於24分鐘。

nāth(nāth / nādh)﹐【字根I.】問(to ask),精通、擁有(to be master)

Nātha,【陽】保護,保護者,依怙主。《法句經注》(DhA.v161.)Nātho’ti patiṭṭhā.(‘保護支援’(或依怙、救助、保護))古錫蘭文《法句經規矩》(Dhammapada puranasannayap.77.,將nātho一字代以pihita vaneya「乃一支柱(依怙、救助)」。anātha,無助)、無支應、無保護、貧乏;不可譯為「沒有主宰」或「無主」。Lokanātho﹐世間的皈依處;不可譯為「世間之救主」。

Nāda,【陽】吼,聲音。

Nānatā,【陰】各式各樣。參考 Nānatta

Nānatta,【中】各式樣,多樣性,多種。nānāttakāya,【形】有多樣性的身體狀態的。

Nānā,【無】不同的,不同地。nānākaraa,【中】各式各樣,差異。gotta,【形】種種血統的。nānājacca,【形】種種國家的。nānājana,【陽】種種人。nānātitthiya,【形】種種宗教的。nānāppakāra,【形】各種不同的,多種形式的。nānāratta,【形】種種顔色的。nānāvāda,【形、中】有不同的見解,種種見解。nānāvidha,【形】各種不同的,種種的。nānāsavāsaka,【形】住在不同的團體的。

Nābhi,【陰】臍,肚臍,輪轂(車輪的中心部)

Nāma,【中】名字,名(nameS.1.61.,緬甸英譯:nomenclature命名)。有名無實的非物質元素,例:心識,知覺等,由於它等只掛個名,所以就稱它等爲名)。傾向故為「名」(namatīti nāma),變壞故為「色」(ruppatīti rūpa)(Vism.527.)SA.12.2./II,16.namanalakkhaa nāma. Ruppanalakkhaa rūpa.(‘傾向之相敗壞之相)Vbh.162.Tattha katama nāma? Vedanākkhandho, saññākkhandho, sakhārakkhandho--ida vuccati “nāma”. Tattha katama rūpa?  Ya rūpa nissāya manoviññāṇadhātu vattati--ida vuccati “rūpa”.( 此中,什麼是?受蘊、想蘊、行蘊,這稱為名。此中,什麼是凡是色藉由意識界支持而轉起,這稱為色。)【形】(在【合】中) 名叫nāmakaraa,【中】命名。nāmagahaa,【中】得名。nāmadheya, nāmadheyya,【中】名字。【形】名的。nāmapada,【中】名詞。nāmarūpa,【中】名色(name-and-form)

  Pāci.IV,6.Nāma nāma dve nāmāni-- hīnañca nāma ukkaṭṭhañca nāma.  Hīna nāma nāma-- Avakaṇṇaka, Javakaṇṇaka, Dhaniṭṭhaka, Saviṭṭhaka, Kulavaḍḍhaka, tesu tesu vā pana janapadesu oññāta avaññāta hīḷita paribhūta acittīkata, eta hīna nāma nāma.  Ukkaṭṭha nāma nāma-- Buddhappaisayutta, dhammappaisayutta, saghappaisayutta, tesu tesu vā pana janapadesu anoññāta anavaññāta ahīḷita aparibhūta cittīkata, eta ukkaṭṭha nāma nāma.(者,有二名:卑名與貴名。卑名者,阿蛙康那加、奢蛙康那加、單尼達加、沙義達加、庫拉蛙達加等。於各地方被輕蔑、侮慢而不被尊敬者,此等名為卑名。貴名者,與佛、法、僧有關連者,於各地方不被輕蔑、侮慢而被尊敬者,此等名為貴名。)

Nāmaka,【形】(在【合】中) 名叫的,憑名字。

Nāmeti (namati 的【使】), 鞠躬,頂禮,合十。【過】nāmesi。【過nāmita。【獨】nāmetvā

Nāyaka,【陽】領袖,主人。nāyikā,【陰】女領袖,女主人。cha nāyaka-gua,六種領袖的特質,1.khama【形】寬恕的。2.jāgariya,【中】清醒,警寤。3.dayā【陰】憐憫,仁慈。4.uṭṭhāna【中】敏銳。5.savibhāga,【陽】分享。6.ikkhana【中】看見,睿智。balanāyako﹐有力的領袖。

Nāraga,【陽】柑橘樹(the mandarin orange tree亞洲東南部的小型有刺常綠樹 〔柑橘屬〕(Citrus reticulata),結甜的可食用果實)

Nārāca,【陽】鐵棒。

Nārī,【陰】女人,婇女(有時作天女,另一字:apsaras())

Nāla (na+ala),【無】不足夠,不適合的。

Nāvā,【陰】船,舟。nāvatittha,【中】船埠,港口,渡口。nāvasañcāra,【陽】通航。

Nāvika,【陽】水手。nāvikī,【陰】女水手。

Nāvutika,【形】九十歲。

Nāsa(Sk. nāśa, see nassati),【陽】毀滅,破壞,死亡(destruction, ruin, death)usually vināsa, also adj. vināsaka.

Nāsana(Sk. nāśana),【中】殺害,破壞,逐出,滅擯(destruction, abandoning, expulsion)。《普端嚴》解釋說:「這裡有三種滅擯(nāsana)共住滅擯(savāsanāsana)、形相滅擯 (liganāsana)和處罰滅擯(daṇḍakammanāsana)(Sp.pāci..428.) nāsanantika,【形】滅擯的(a bhikkhu who is under the penalty of expulsion Vin.I,255.)

Nāsā(Vedic nāsā),【陰】1.鼻子(nose)2.象鼻(the trunk (of an elephant))nāsārajju,【陰】鼻繩,牛繩(串在牛鼻的繩)nāsāpua﹐【陽】【中】鼻腔(“nose-cup”; the outside of the nose, the nostril)nāsāvāta,【陽】鼻風(breath from the nostrils J.III,276.)

Nāsika (cp. Sk. nāsikya) ,【形】鼻子的(belonging to the nose, nasal, in nāsikasota the nostril or nose (orig. “sense of smell”)

Nāsikā,【陰】鼻子。nāsikasota﹐鼻孔。

Nāsitaka (see nāsa & nāseti) ,【形】滅擯的(one who is ejected Vin.IV,140 (of a bhikkhu))

Nāseti (nas+e)(Sk. nāśayati, Caus. of nassati), 殺,毀滅,破壞,驅逐(to destroy, spoil, ruin; to kill)。【過】nāsesi。【過nāsita。【現nāsenta。【獨】nāsetvā。【義】nāsetabba【不】nāsetuSA.42.9./III,107.Vidhamatīti dhamento viya nāseti.(吹毀︰如()吹毀。)

Nāla, Nāḷa(Sk. nāla),【陽】莖,梗,管,度量器(a hollow stalk, tube, pipe; also a measure of capacity)nāḷamatta,【形】大約一管的容量。

Nāḷāgiri, 【陽】那羅祇梨大象(Vin.Cv.II,194.cf.《增壹阿含18.5經》(T2.590.1)),阿闍世王之惡象,極為兇弊暴虐,提婆達兜教唆阿闍世王釋放此醉象害佛不成

Nāḷi, Nāḷī(Sk. nāḍī),【陰】呐礪(一種管形的容量,16 nāḷi = 1 doa1 nāḷi = 1 pattha),管。nāḷipaṭṭa,【陽】帽,笠。

Nāḷikā,【陰】管,瓶子。

Nāḷikāyanta,【中】時鐘(,沙計時),測量時間的儀器。

Nāḷikera(Sk. nārikera, nārikela, nalikera, nālikela),【陽】椰子樹(the coconut tree Vv 4413; J.IV,159; V,384; DA.I,83; VvA.162.有羽狀葉子的椰子樹〔椰子屬〕(Cocos nucifera),在熱帶地區廣泛種植,用於食品、飲料、油、蓋屋頂、纖維製品、器皿和裝飾品)。【中】椰子(椰子樹的褐色硬外殼的大種子,包括圍繞有部分液體充填的中央果穴的白果肉)。印度傳統草藥(Ayurvedic)的一些藥方中,椰子油是重要成分,有些地方病人每天喝整杯椰子油治病。近代提鍊出較高純度的中鏈脂肪酸(c-8, c-10),大大的提高排毒、清除身體的垃圾,治病的能力。

Nāḷikerika,【形】椰子樹(belonging to the coconut tree J.V,417.)

Nāvika (Sk. nāvika) 1.船員(a sailor, mariner J.II,103; IV,142; Miln.359; Dāvs.IV,43 (captain)2.船員(a ferryman J.II,111; III,230 (Avariya-pitā.))

Ni-【字首】下。

Ni-, nir-【字首】否,無,外。

Nikaa, nikaṭṭha,【中】鄰居關係。【形】接近的。

Nikaṇṇika, 【形】祕密地(under (4) ears, secret, cp. catukkaṇṇa J.III.124; nt. adv. secretly

Nikati(Sk. nikti),【陰】欺騙(fraud, deceit, cheating)Instr. nikatiyā (metri causa) J.I.223, nikatyā J.II.183, nikacca S.I,24.

Nikanta, nikantita, (Nikantati的【過) 砍倒,切斷

Nikantati (ni+kant+a), 砍倒,切斷。【過】nikanti。【獨】nikantitvā

Nikanti﹐【陰】微細的欲求。

Nikara,【陽】多數。

Nikaraṇā﹐【陰】欺騙(=nikati (fraud))

Nikaroti(Sk. nikaroti, ni+karoti),欺騙(to bring down, humiliate, to deceive, cheat) (nikubbetha 2p.pl.pot.=vañceyya). pp. nikata

Nikasa(Sk. nikasa, ni+kasati),【陽】磨石(a whetstone)

Nikāmanā(=nikanti),【陰】求。

Nikāmalābhī,【形】已輕易獲得某物的人。

Nikāmeti (ni+kam(kram)超越+e), 渴望,要求。【過】nikāmesi。【過nikāmita。【現nikāmenta

Nikāya,【陽】團體,教派,收集。

Nikāsa,【陽】鄰近。

Nikiṭṭha,【形】低的,劣的。

Nikīḷitāvin (< ni-kīḷati),【形】遊戲(playful, playing or dallying with (c. Loc.), finding enjoyment in S I.9 (a° kāmesu); IV.110 (id.).

Nikuñja,【陽】【中】峽谷,灌木叢。

Nikūjati (ni+kūj +a), 吱喳而嗚,鳥鳴。【過】nikūji。【過nikūjita。【現nikūjamāna

Niketa, niketana,【中】住所,家。

Nikkakha,【形】自信的,無疑的。

Nikkaḍḍhati (ni+kaḍḍh +a), 丟出,拖出,驅逐。【過】nikkaḍḍhi。【過nikkaḍḍhita。【義】nikkaḍḍhitabba。【獨】nikkaḍḍhitvā, nikkaḍḍhiya

Nikkaḍḍhana,【中】拖出,逐出。

Nikkaṇṭaka,【形】無刺的,無敵的。

Nikkaddama,【形】無泥的。

Nikkama,【陽】努力。

Nikkarua,【形】無慈悲心的,無良心的。

Nikkasāva,【形】無雜質的。

Nikkāma,【形】無渴望的,無貪欲的。

Nikkāraa,【形】無根據的,無顯著原因的。nikkāraṇā,【副】沒有理由,沒有原因,沒有目的。

Nikkilesa,【形】不墮落的,沒有沾污的。

Nikkujja,【形】心煩意亂的,顛倒,放棄的。

Nikkujjeti (ni+kuj +e), 顛倒,倒置。【過】nikkujjesi。【過nikkujjita。【獨】nikkujjetvā, nikkujjiyaSeyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjita vā ukkujjeyya, paicchanna vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā magga ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjota dhāreyya ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti.(大德!就像顛倒的當翻轉,隱覆的當揭露,迷失的當示道,黑暗的當提()燈,使「有眼的看到東西(諸色)。」)

Nikkuha,【形】不騙人的。

Nikkodha,【形】不忿怒的。

Nikkha,【陽】大金幣,大約等於 25 dharaa 的重量。

Nikkhanta (nikkhamati 離去的【過), 已出去,已出發,已逃離。

Nikkhama,【陽】nikkhamana,【中】出去,離開,逃離。

Nikkhamati (ni+kam(kram)超越+a), 去,往前去,出家。【過】nikkhami。【現nikkhamanta。【獨】nikkhamitvā, nikkhamma。【義】nikkhamitabbha。【不】nikkhamitu

Nikkhāmeti (nikkhamati 的【使】), 令出去,出示,使顯示。【過】nikkhāmesi。【過nikkhāmita。【現nikkhāmenta。【獨】nikkhāmetvā

Nikkhitta, (Nikkhipati的【過放下,擱置,放棄nikkhittadhura﹐【中】放下職責。paviveke nikkhittadhurā﹐閒居而無所事事。

Nikkhipati (ni+khip+a), 放下,擱置,放棄。【過】nikkhipi。【現nikkhipanta。【獨】nikkhipitvā。【義】nikkhipitabba

Nikkhepa,【陽】nikkhepana,【中】放下,擺脫,丟棄,概括的處理。

Nikhanati, & Nikhaati (ni+khan+aSk. nikhanati), 掘進去,埋葬(to dig into, to bury, to erect, to cover up)。【過】nikhai。【過nikhāta。【現nikhaanta。【獨】nikhaitvā

Nikhāta (pp. of nikhaati), 1.掘,埋(dug, dug out (of a hole), buried (of a body))2.掘入,埋入(dug in, erected (of a post))。【反】anikhāta

Nikhādana,【中】鑿子。

Nikhila,【形】所有的,整個的,全部的。

Nigacchati (ni+gam+a), 遭受,達到。【過】nigacchi

Nigaṇṭha(nirgrantha),【陽】尼乾陀、尼乾子(耆那教的稱呼)Nigaṇṭho Nāṭaputto﹐尼乾陀若提子(耆那教教主,又稱為大雄’Mahvīra)。《中阿含19經》敍說佛指示尼乾外道以苦行滅前世之業非解脫之正道,有三點理由:()尼乾不知前世為有我為無我,不知前世有作惡或未作惡,現世苦盡或未盡。()尼乾依苦行即於現世作苦而已。因為業不可因勤、因苦行轉作樂報。()尼乾等亦知以苦行轉苦報業為樂報業,乃至轉熟報業為不熟報業,是不可能的。又說尼乾有五可憎惡,如來得五稱譽。中部(cf. M.101.Devadahasutta天臂經)

Nigama,【陽】市鎮。

Nigamana,【中】結論,說明,跋

Nigaa,【陽】鎖象腳的鏈。

Nigūhati (ni+gūh+a), 掩蓋(台語︰am kham3),隱藏,藏。【過】nigūhi。【過nigūhita, nigūha,【獨】nigūhitvā

Nigūhana,【中】隱匿,內斂。

Niggacchati (ni+gam+a), 出去,從傳出。【過】niggacchi。【過niggata。【獨】niggantvā

Niggahaa,【中】責備,處罰。

Niggahāti (ni+gah+hā) 斥責,指責,制止,蹈。【過】niggahi。【過niggahita。【現niggahanta。【獨】niggayha, niggahitvā, niggahetvāvāmena pādena niggahetvā dakkhiena pādena vittharetvā﹐左足蹈之,右足展之。

Niggama,【陽】niggamana,【中】出去,離開,結果。

Niggayha-vādī,【陽】責難地說的人。

Niggaha,【陽】責難,過失,責備。

Niggahaa(nirgahaa, nis+gahaa)﹐【形】獲得物的。

Niggahīta,【中】鼻音的輔音

Niggahetabba,【義】可以被責備,可以被檢查。

Niggāhaka﹐【陽】斥責的人,制止的人。

Nigguṇḍī,【陰】梣葉槭牡荊 (Vitex Negundo)(藥草)

Niggumba,【形】無矮樹叢的,清楚的。

Nigghātana,【中】殺害,破壞。

Nigghosa,【陽】大喊大叫。

Nigrodha,【陽】孟加拉榕(一種熱帶的印度無花果樹〔榕屬 Ficus benghalensis〕因其枝上生有氣根,垂入土中並長成另外的樹幹,所以覆蓋面積很大。因裝飾性和樹蔭而被種植)nigrodhapakka,【中】孟加拉榕的成熟果實。nigrodhaparimaṇḍala,【形】有如孟加拉榕的圓周一般相稱的四肢。ajapāla-nigrodha, 阿闍惒羅尼拘類(榕樹之一種)

Nighasa,【陽】nighasana,【中】摩擦,擦傷。

Nighasati (ni+ghas+a), 摩擦抹掉。【過】nighasi。【過nighasita。【獨】nighasitvā

Nighaṇḍu, 同義詞字典。

Nighāta,【陽】擊倒,殺死,破壞。

Nicaya,【陽】積聚,堆起。

Nicita (nicināti 的【過), 已堆積。

Nicca,【形】不變的,連續的,長備的。niccakāla,【副】時常地,不變地。Niccadāna,【中】常施((AA.4.39.)Niccadānanti salākabhatta(以木片(木瓢)分發食物)niccabhatta,【中】連續不斷的糧食。niccasīla,【中】不間斷的守戒。

Niccatā,【陰】連續性,永久性。

Niccamma,【形】無皮膚的,剝皮的,鞭打脫的。

Niccala,【形】不動的。niccalabhāvena﹐以不動的狀態。

Nicca,【副】不變地,總是地,長備地。

Niccola,【形】無覆蓋的,赤裸的。

Nicchaya,【陽】決議,果斷,辨別。

Niccharaa,【中】散發,傳出。

Niccharati (ni+car+a), 出去,從往前,散發。【過】nicchari。【過niccharita。【獨】niccharitvā

Nicchāta,【形】不饑餓的,滿足的。

Nicchāretā

Nicchāreti (niccharati 的【使】), 1.發出,送出。2.說話。【過】nicchāresi。【過nicchārita。【獨】nicchāretvā

Nicchita, (Nicchināti的【過) 區別,考慮,調查。

Nicchināti (ni+chi +nā), 區別,考慮,調查。【過】nicchini

Nija(Sk. nija),【形】自己的。nijadesa,【陽】自己的國家。

Nijjaa(Sk. *nirjaa, nis+jaa, adj. to jaṭā),【形】鬆開的,解纏結的(disentangled)

Nijjara(Sk. nirjara),【形】衰老的,衰退的(causing to decay, destroying, annihilating)。【陽】神。

Nijjareti (ni+jar +eSk. nir-jarayati; nis+jarati1), 毀壞,消滅(to destroy, annihilate, cause to cease or exist)。【過】nijjaresi

Nijjiṇṇa(Sk. nirjīra, nis+jiṇṇa),【過】已破壞、已用盡(destroyed, overcome, exhausted, finished, dead)

Nijjivha,【形】沒有舌頭的。【陽】野公雞。

Nijjīvata (Sk. nirjīvita, nis+jīva1,【形】無生命的(lifeless, soulless)

Nijjhatti (abstr. to nijjhatta, cp. BSk. nidhyapti, formation like P. ñatti>Sk. jñapti) ,【陰】說服、瞭解、實現(conviction, understanding, realization; favourable disposition, satisfaction. diṭṭhinijjhāna-kkhanti, (delighting in speculation)

Nijjhāna1 (<ni+jhā (dhyā) *Sk. nidhyāna),【中】洞察力,審諦(understanding, insight, perception, comprehension; favour, indulgence (=nijjhāpana), pleasure, delight)nijjhāna khamati, 樂在其中,尋求快速(to be pleased with, to find pleasure in)

Nijjhāna2 (nis+jhāna2),【中】(conflagration, in anto nijjhāyana = nijjhāyana PvA.18 (cittasantāpa+in expln of soka)

Nijjhāpana (Sk. *nidhyāpana, ni+jhāpana, Caus. to jhāpeti),【中】(favourable disposition, kindness, indulgence J.IV.495 (° karoti=khamāpeti Com.; text reads nijjhapana).

Nijjhāpaya (Sk. *ni-dhyāpya, to nijjhāpeti),【形】已辨別、已瞭解(to be discriminated or understood)dunijjhāpaya, 不易辨別。

Nijjhāma (Sk. nikṣāma, cp. nikṣīṇa, nis+ jhāma of jhāyati2=Sk. kṣāyati) 【形】【中】毀滅、消耗掉(burning away, wasting away, consuming or consumed A.I,295; Nett 77, 95 paipadā.)nijjhāmataha (adj.) of consuming thirst, very thirsty J.I.44; nijjhāmatahika=nijjhāmataha denoting a class of Petas (q. v.) Miln.294, 303, 357.

Nijjhāyati1 (ni+jhā(dhyā)沉思+ya, Sk. nidhyāyati), 修禪,反映(to meditate, reflect, think)。【過】nijjhāyi。【過nijjhāyita

Nijjhāyati2 (ni+jhāyati2)煩躁、磨損、焦急(to be consumed (by sorrow), to fret Nd1 433.)

Niṭṭha (Sk. niṣṭha, ni+°tha; cp. niṭṭhā1),【形】依賴(dependent on, resting on, intent upon S.III,13 (accanta°); Nd1 263 (rūpa°)

Niṭṭhā1 (Sk. niṣṭhā; ni+hā, abstr. of adj.-suff. °ha)【陰】基礎(basis, foundation, familiarity with)

Niṭṭhā2 (Vedic niṣṭhā (niḥṣṭhā), nis+hā from °ha)【陰】結束,結論,完美(end, conclusion; perfection, height, summit; object, aim)niṭṭha gacchati to come to an end; fig. to reach perfection, be completed in the faith M.I,176; J.I.201; Miln.310; freq. in pp. niṭṭha gata (=niṭṭhagata) one who has attained perfection (=pabbajitāna arahatta patta)

Niṭṭhāti (ni+hā+a), 被結束,被完成,終了。【過】niṭṭhāsi。【過niṭṭhita

Niṭṭhāna,【中】完成,結束。

Niṭṭhāpeti (niṭṭhāti 的【使】), 實現,完成,實行。【過】niṭṭhāpesi。【過niṭṭhāpita。【現niṭṭhāpenta。【獨】niṭṭhāpetvā

Niṭṭhita,【過】已終結,已完成。

Niṭṭhubhati (ni+hubh+a), 吐出(唾沬),咳出,吐痰。【過】niṭṭhubhi。【過niṭṭhubhita。【獨】niṭṭhubhitvā

Niṭṭhubhana,【中】唾吐,唾沬。

Niṭṭhura,【形】粗糙的,硬的,殘酷的。niṭṭhuriya,【中】粗糙的事物,粗糙程度。

Niḍḍha(ni+sad “sitting down”),【中】巢,棲身(nest, place, seat Dh.148 (v. l. nia))

Niḍḍeti (ni+i +e), 除草,剷除。【過】niḍḍesi

Niṇṇaya,【陽】決定,辨別。

Nitamba,【陽】1.臀部。2.山脊。

Nittaha(ni+taha渴愛),【形】無欲望的。

Nittiṇṇa,【過】已離開,已越過。

Nittudana,【中】刺,刺破。

Nitteja,【形】無力的,不安的,窘迫的。

Nittharaa,【中】被人理解,穿越,克服,完成。

Nittharati (ni+thar+a), 越過,克服。【過】nitthari。【過nittharita。【獨】nittharitvā

Nitthāreti (Nittharati的【使】), 終結,完成。【過】nitthāresi。【過nitthārita。【獨】nitthāretvā

Nitthunana,【中】哀悼,呻吟,歎息。

Nitthunāti (ni+thu+nā), 呻吟,哀悼。【過】nitthuni。【現nitthunanta。【獨】nitthunitvā

Nidasanī, 現露。kopīnanidasanī, 現露陰物(D.31./III,183.)

Nidassana,【中】例子,證據,比較。

Nidasseti (ni+dis指出+e), 指出,解釋,定義。【過】nidassesi。【過nidassita。【獨】nidassetvā, nidassiya。【義】nidassitabba

Nidahati (ni+dah放置+a), 存放,埋(藏寶物)。【過】nidahi。【過nidahita, nihita。【獨】nidahitvā

Nidāgha,【陽】乾旱,熱,夏天。

Nidāna,【中】來源,因素,起因。nidānakathā,【陰】(一本書的)說明,序文

Nidāna,【副】(在【合】中) 經由,的結果,因爲的緣故,由於。

Niddaya,【形】無慈悲心的,殘酷的。

Niddara,【形】無苦悶的,無痛苦的,無恐懼的。

Niddā(Vedic nidrā, ni+drā in Sk. drāti, drāyate),【陰】耽睡(SA.1.76./I,100.Niddāti soppabahulatā.耽睡︰多睡。)niddāyana,【中】睡覺。niddālu, niddāsīlin,【形】喜歡睡眠的,昏昏欲睡的習慣。niddārāma,【陽】愛睡覺。niddārāmatā,【陰】愛睡覺。nidda okkamati, 進入睡眠(to fall asleep)opp. jāgariyā, 醒寤。

Pañcime, Upāli, ānisasā upaṭṭhitassatissa sampajānassa nidda okkamato.  Katame pañca?  Sukha supati, sukha paibujjhati, na pāpaka supina passati, devatā rakkhanti, asuci na muccati.(優婆離!近住正念正知的入睡有五種功德。哪五種?睡得快樂,醒來快樂,不見惡夢,諸天守護,不釋放不淨(遺精))(Vin.Pari.V,205.CS:p.357)《雜阿含241 經》:「多聞聖弟子作如是學:睡眠者,是愚癡活,癡命,無果、無利、無福。我當不眠,亦不起覺想,起想者生於纏縛、諍訟,令多人非義饒益,不得安樂。」

Niddāna (Sk. *nirdāna, nis+dāna of dayati2, Sk. dāti, cp. dātta,【中】砍掉,割草破壞(cutting off, mowing, destroying Sn.78 (=chedana lunana uppāṭana SnA 148)=S.I,172; K.S. I.319, cp. niḍḍāyati.

Niddāyati (niddā 的【派】), (to sleep)。【過】niddāyi。【現niddāyanta。【獨】niddāyitvā

Niddāyitar(n. ag. fr. niddāyati), 睡眠者(a sleepy person Dh.325.)

Niddiṭṭha, (niddisati的【過)指出,已解釋,已定義

Niddisati (ni+dis指出+a) 指出,解釋,定義。【過】niddisi。【獨】niddisitvā。【義】niddisitabba

Niddukkha,【形】無痛苦的,無悲慘的。

Niddesa(Sk. nirdeśa, fr. niddisati, cp. desa, desaka etc.),【陽】1.描述,(分析的)解釋(description, attribute, distinction)2.(descriptive exposition, analytic explanation by way of question & answer, interpretation, exegesis Vin.V,114 (sa°); Nett 4, 8 38 sq.; Vism.26; DhsA.54; VvA.78; PvA.71, 147. <-> 3. N. of an old commentary (ascribed to Sāriputta) on parts of the Sutta Nipāta (Aṭṭhaka-vagga, interpreted in the Mahā-Niddesa; Pārāyana-vagga and, as a sort of appendix, the Khaggavisāṇa-sutta, interpreted in the Culla-Niddesa)

Niddosa,【形】完美的,無污的。

Niddhana,【形】貧窮的,沒有財産的。

Niddhanta, (niddhamati的【過) 吹走,排出,瀉。

Niddhamati (ni+dham+a), 吹走,排出。【過】niddhami。【獨】niddhamitvā

Niddhamana,【中】排水溝,運河,排出物。niddhamanadvāra,【中】儲水池的水門。

Niddhāraa,【中】詳述。

Niddhāreti (ni+dhar+e), 敍述 【過】niddhāresi。【過niddhārita。【獨】niddhāretvā

Niddhunana,【中】擺脫。

Niddhunāti (ni+dhu+nā), 擺脫。【過】niddhuni。【過niddhūta,【獨】niddhunitvā

Niddhota,【過1.洗過,純淨過。2.已削尖。

Nidhāna,【中】存放物,寶藏。

Nidhāya, (nidahati 的【獨】) 存放了,保留了。

Nidhāpeti (nidahati 的【使】), 使存放。【過】nidhāpesi。【過nidhāpitanidhāpeyya﹐【未被】。

Nidhi,【陽】寶藏。nidhikumbhi,【陰】寶壺。

Nidhīyati, (Nidheti的【被】) 存放,藏,保留

Nidheti (ni+dah放置+e), 存放,藏,保留。【過】nidhesi, 參考 nidahati

nind(nind / nid)﹐【字根I.】侮辱(to disgrace)

Nindati (nind侮辱+a), 責備,蔑視,侮辱。【過】nindi。【過nindita。【現nindanta。【獨】ninditvā。【義】ninditabba

Nindana,【中】nindanā,【陰】侮辱,輕視。

Nindiya,【形】該受責備的,有過失的。

Ninna,【形】低的,傾向的,彎腰的(彎下身的)。【中】低地,窪地,坳()

Ninnatā,【陰】低,傾向。

Ninnāda,【陽】悅耳的音調,曲調,聲音。ninnādī,【形】很響亮的,有旋律 美妙的嗓音的。

Ninnāmeti (ni+nam彎曲+e), 彎下身,熄滅。【過】ninnāmesi。【獨】ninnāmetvā。【過ninnāmita

Ninnetu,【陽】引向下的人,決定的人。

Nipaka,【形】聰明的,審慎的,明智的。Vism.3.Nipakoti nepakka vuccati paññā.(聰明審慎名為慧。) CpA.2-4.(CS:p.132)Nipakāti paññavanto. (聰明具有智慧。) KhA.242.Nipakoti viññū vibhāvī paññavā, sīlānurakkhaapaññāya cīvarādivicāraapaññāya āvāsādisattasappāyaparijānanapaññāya ca samannāgatoti adhippāyo.(聰明明智的(viññū)聰穎的(vibhāvī)、有智慧的(paññavā)。具足保護戒的智慧,審查的智慧,住所(行境、談話、人、食物、氣候、及威儀, Vism.127.)等適當的常識與智慧。)

Nipacca (nipatati 的【獨】), 已跪拜的,已鞠躬的,已服從的。nipaccakāra,【陽】謙遜,服從,尊敬。

Nipajja (nipajjati 的【獨】), 已睡,已躺下。

Nipajjati (ni+pad+ya), 躺下,睡。【過】nipajji。【過nipanna。【現nipajjanta。【獨】nipajja, nipajjiya, nipajjitvā。【使】nipajjāpeti

Nipajjana,【中】躺下。

Nipatati (ni+pat+a)(Sk. nipatati), 跌倒,倒塌下來。【過】nipati。【過nipatita。【獨】nipatitvāya nūnāha catukuṇḍiko nipatitvā﹐我寧可四()彎曲(身體)倒地。

Nipanna (nipajjati的【過), 躺下,睡。

Nipāta,【陽】落下,降下,無變化的虛詞。

Nipātana,【中】遭遇,臥倒(使倒下)

Nipātī,【形】遭遇的人,上床。

Nipāteti (ni+pat落下+e), 讓倒下,倒入。【過】nipātesi。【過nipātita。【現nipātenta。【獨】nipātetvā

Nipāna,【中】動物常去飲水的地方,養牛等的水槽。

Nipua,【形】深妙的,聰明的,有技術的,多才多藝的。(AA.5.59-60.)nipuoti saho sukhumakāraaññū.(聰敏:做精致的、細膩的知者。)

Nippakka,【形】煮沸的,沏或泡(茶、藥等)的。

Nippadesa,【形】包括一切的,不留下任何部分。

Nippapañca,【形】無污穢的,無散播的,無戲論的。SA.44.9./III,112.Tahā-māna-diṭṭhi- papañcāna abhāvena nippapañca.(渴愛、慢、習邪見的戲論消失稱為無戲論)

Nippabha,【形】沒有光彩壯麗的,無光彩的。

Nippariyāya(ni(nis)+pariyāya),【形】1.無有殘餘(nippariyāyena not figuratively()指出)2.不能改變(unchangeable, not to be turned)AA.9.42./IV,206.Nippariyāyenāti na ekena kāraena, atha kho āsavakkhayo nāma sabbasambādhāna pahīnattā sabbena sabba okāsādhigamo nāmāti.(無一可將︰那時無有任一因素不漏盡,名為斷除一切憒亂,證得所有一切空(SA.2.7./I,106.空間(okāsa),指禪那)之謂。) SA.2.7./I,106.:「兩種憒亂︰五蓋憒亂、五欲憒亂。五欲乃至非想非非想處,皆為世尊所說之憒亂’(緊繃))

Nippalāpa,【形】無穀殼的,無廢話的。

Nippāpa,【形】無罪的。

Nippesika(cp. Sk. nipea clashing against, bounce, shock, ni+pi)欺騙者(one who performs jugglery, a juggler)

Nippitika,【形】無父的。

Nippīḷana(nis+pīḷana),【中】壓榨,壓製產物(squeezing, pressing; a blow)

Nippīḷeti (ni+pīḷ虐待+e), 擠,壓。【過】nippīḷesi。【過nippīḷita。【獨】nippīḷetvā

Nippurisa,【形】完全由女人組成的。

Nippohana,【中】打,抖落。

Nipphajjati (ni+pad+ya), 被生産,往前跳,産生,發生,賺。【過】nipphajji。【過nipphanna。【現nipphajjamāna。【獨】nipphajjitvā

Nipphajjana,【中】nipphatti,【陰】結果,效果,成就。

Nipphala,【形】無結果的,無用的,徒然的。

Nipphannarūpa﹐【中】完成色(1.地界、2.水界、3.火界、4.風界、5.眼淨色、6.耳淨色、7.鼻淨色、8.舌淨色、9.身淨色、10.顏色、11.聲、12.香、13.味、14.女根色、15.男根色、16.心所依處(心色)17.命根色、18.食素、*(=地、火、風)),它們擁有自性,適合作為觀禪的目標。【反】:anipphannarūpa﹐【中】不完成色。Vibhv.PTS:p.153Kakkhaattādinā attano attano sabhāvena upalabbhanato sabhāvarūpa nāma. Uppādādīhi, aniccatādīhi vā lakkhaehi sahitanti salakkhaa. Paricchedādibhāva vinā attano sabhāveneva kammādīhi paccayehi nipphannattā nippharūpa nāma.(具有()石頭帶有等自己的自性,為有自性色。附帶產生無常等相,為有相。區分、分別自己的以有自性完成業緣的狀態,為完成色

Nipphādaka,【形】産生的,生産者。

Nipphādana,【中】製造,成就。

Nipphādeti (ni+pad+e), 生産,出示,完成。【過】nipphādesi。【過nipphādita。【現nipphādenta。【獨】nipphādetvā

Nipphādetu, nipphādaka,【陽】生産者。

Nipphoana,【中】打。

Nipphoeti (ni+phu+e), 打倒,窒息,壓碎。【過】nipphoesi。【過nipphoita。【現nipphoenta。【獨】nipphoetvā

Nibaddha,【形】經常的,連續的,不變的。【過】被強求。nibaddha,【副】總是。

Nibandha,【陽】nibandhana,【中】綁,繫結,硬要。

Nibandhati (ni+bandh+a), 綁,催促,強求。【過】nibandhi。【過nibaddha。【獨】nibandhitvā

Nibbaṭṭa, nibbatta(nirvtta, nis+vaṭṭa, nibbattati的【過) 【形】已生存(existing)已再生( having existed, being reborn)nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne, 無論投生到何處。

Nibbaṭṭeti (ni+vaṭṭ+e), 除去。【過】nibbṭṭesi。【過nibbaṭṭita。【獨】nibbṭṭetvā

Nibbatta (nibbattati 的【過), 已再生,已興起。

Nibbattaka, nibbattanaka,【形】生産的,出現的,提出的。

Nibbattati (ni+vat+a), 出生,産生,出現。【過】nibbatti。【過nibbatta。【現nibbattanta。【獨】nibbattitvā。【使】nibbattīyati

Nibbattana,【中】nibbatti,【陰】出生,再生,産品,出現。

Nibbattāpana,【中】再現,繁殖。

Nibbatteti (ni+vat+e caus. of nibbattati), 生産,提出(to produce, bring forth; practise, perform; to bring to light, find something lost)。【過】nibbattesi。【過nibbatttita。【現nibbattenta。【義】nibbattetabba。【獨】nibbattetvā

Nibbatti (Sk. nirvtti, nis+vatti),【陰】(constitution, product; rebirth)

Nibbattita (pp. of nibbatteti,【形】done, produced, brought forth PvA 150 (a°kusalakamma=akata)

Nibbattin (<nibbatti),【形】(arising, having rebirth, in neg. anibbattin not to be born again)

Nibbana,【形】1.無森林的(Sk. nirvanawithout forest, woodless)2.無渴望的(an abstr. fr. nibbāna, see nibbāna I.; cp. vana2. freq. nibbāna as v. l. instead of nibbanawithout cravings)

Nibbanatha (nis+vanatha),【形】無渴望的(free from lust or cravings)

Nibbasana(nis+vasana),中】棄布(被丟棄的布料)(no longer worn, cast off (of cloth))

Nibbāti (ni+vā+a), 寒冷,變成不熱情。被熄滅。【過】nibbāyi。【過nibbuta。【現nibbāyanta。【獨】nibbāyitvā

Nibbāna, (<nibbāti被吹滅、被熄滅;巴利文字根來自v (to cover), 不是vā (to blow))(cp. BSk. nirvāṇa)【中】1.冷卻(the going out of a lamp or fire)2.健康(health, the sense of bodily well-being)3.熄滅(The dying out in the heart of the threefold fire of rāga, dosa & moha: lust, ill-will & stupidity)4.涅槃(the sense of spiritual well-being, of security, emancipation, victory and peace, salvation, bliss.)nibbānagamana,【形】導致涅槃的。nibbānadhātu,【陰】涅槃的領域。nibbānapatti,【陰】證得涅槃。nibbānasacchikiriyā(=nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya),【陰】作證涅槃。nibbānasampatti,【陰】涅槃的福佑。nibbānabhirata,【形】樂於涅槃的,喜歡涅槃的。 nibbānārammaa﹐以涅槃為所緣。nibbānassa paccayo, (作為)涅槃的緣(任何順逆境都可作為歷練,亦即作為涅槃的增上緣)nibbānassa maggo,涅槃的道。

  S.38.1./IV,251.“Yo kho, āvuso, rāgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo--ida vuccati nibbānan”ti.(友!若染盡,瞋盡,癡盡,這稱為涅槃。)「染盡」即()染被滅盡,而涅槃到來(nibbāna āgamma rāgo khīyati)之意。瞋盡,癡盡是同理。

M.I,487aggi anāhāro nibbuto(無燃料而火滅a fire gone out through lack of fuel)pajjotass’eva nibbāna﹐如燈滅(like the going out of a lamp S.I,159)

Vibhv.PTS:p.59.Upādānakkhandhasakhātalokato uttarati anāsavabhāvenāti lokuttara, maggacitta. Phalacitta pana tato uttiṇṇanti lokuttara. Ubhayampi vā saha nibbānena lokato uttara adhika yathāvuttaguavasenevāti lokuttara.(渡過取蘊的世間,成為無漏的狀態,為出世間道心。然而,從此越過,為出世間果心。兩者同樣是從世間(渡過)而得涅槃,正如說處於無上的、優勝的功德,為出世間))

涅槃的同義詞有︰1無為法(asakhata)2盡頭(anta=anata渴求盡頭的消失)3無漏(anāsava﹐無流向﹐四流向的消失)4真諦(sacca=paramatthasacca勝義諦)5彼岸(pāravaṭṭassa parabhāga回轉的另一部分﹐or vaṭṭadukkhato pārametīti從苦回轉至另一邊)6微妙(nipua=saha細緻的)7難見(sududdasasuṭṭhu duddasatā非常難見的)8不老(ajajjarajarāya a-jaritatta從老而不老性or niccasabhāvattā恆常之狀態)9堅牢(dhuva=thira牢固的)10不崩潰(a-palokita=a-palujjana)11不可見(anidassanacakkhuviññāṇena a-passitabbattā不適合以眼識看到)12無戲論(nippapatahā-māna-diṭṭhi-papañcāna abhāvena渴愛、慢、邪見諸戲論消失)13寂靜(santa=santabhāva寂靜之狀)14無死(amata=maraṇābhāva死亡的不存在)15極妙(panīta=uttama最好的、優良的)16吉祥(siva=sassirika光榮的、燦爛的)17安穩(khema=nirupaddava安心的、無不幸之事的)18愛盡(tahākkhayo=tahākkhayassa paccayattā愛盡之因緣性)19不思議(acchariya=vimhāpanīyaṭṭhena acchara paharitabbayuttakanti以令人驚訝之義,帶著適當的不思議)20稀有(abbhuta=abhūtameva bhūta ajāta hutvā atthīti vā.有了未生,不真的消失、或真的被發現)21無災(anītika=niddukkhattā無苦性,= ītirahita無災)22無災法(anītikadhamma=niddukkhasabhāvattā無苦的自性)23涅槃(nibbāna=vānābhāva渴望之消失)24無瞋(avyāpajjha=byābajjhābhāva(=拂逆)之消失)25離染(virāgavirāgādhigamassa paccayato獲得離染的因緣)26清淨(suddhiparamatthasuddhita勝義諦清淨)27解脫(muttitīhi bhavehi muttatāya解脫三有)28無執著(anālayokāmālayāna  abhāvena欲的執著的消失)29洲島(dīpa=patiṭṭha依止處)30窟宅(lea=allīyitabbayutta應與執著連接)31庇護所(tāṇa=tāyana保護所)32歸依(saraa=bhayasaraa恐懼的歸依)33歸宿(parāyaaparā向其他+√i 去﹐para ayana gati patiṭṭhāti死者他方道路依止)(《相應部》S.43.13.~44./IV,368.~373.SA.43.12-33./III,111~112S.CS:p.2.387~8)。《導論》記載涅槃的異名51個,其中1~23個與S.43.13.-44./IV,368.~373.相同,其餘的: 34不生(ajāta=anibbatti-sabhāvattā不出生的自性)35未曾有(abbhūta(不生)那裡正是未曾有。以上兩者皆無出生)、無危難(anupaddava=anupaddutattā無騷擾性)、無作(akatana kenaci paccayena katanti不以某因緣作)、無憂(asoka=natthi ettha sokoti這裡沒有憂愁)、離憂(nisokasokahetuvigamena以離開憂愁之因)、無禍患(an-upasaggakenaci anupasajjitabbattā以無某事先準備)、無禍患法(anupasagga-dhammaanupasaggabhāvahetuto從無禍患之因)、甚深(gambhīragambhīrañāṇagocarato從甚深智行境。《瑜伽師地論》卷第八十七(T30.793.1):涅槃極難知故,最微細故,說名甚深。)、難見(duppassasammāpaipatti vinā  passitu pattu asakkueyyattā無正行、無獲得看的可能性)、上(uttarasabbaloka uttaritvā  hitanti住立在克服一切世間)、無上(anuttaranatthi etassa uttaranti沒有這些「上」的)、無等(asamasamassa sadisassa abhāvena相等的、相似的消失)、無比(appaisamapaibhāgābhāvena相似的消失)、最勝(jeṭṭhauttamaṭṭhena以最高之義)、殊勝(seṭṭhapāsasatamattā vā或最高的稱讚)、窟宅(leasasāra-dukkha-ṭṭitehi letabbato住立在拿掉輪迴苦之處)、庇護所(tāṇatato rakkhaato從保護)、無諍(araaraṇābhāvena以過失的消失)、無穢的(anaganaagaṇābhāvena以污穢的消失)、無污的(akācaniddosatāya無污性)、離垢(vimalarāgādimalāpagamena以染等垢離去)、島嶼(dīpacatūhi oghehi anajjhottharaṇīyato無應該被四瀑流淹沒)、樂(sukhasasāravūpasamasukhatāya輪迴寂止樂)、無可度量(appamāṇapamāṇakaradhammābhāvato作度量法的消失﹐gaetu etassa na sakkāti ca不能計算這些。涅槃極難知故,最微細故,說名甚深。種種非一諸行煩惱斷所顯故,說名廣大。《瑜伽師地論》卷第八十七(T30.793.1):現量、比量及正教量所不量故,說名無量。)、依止(patiṭṭhasasārasamudde anosīdanaṭṭhānatāya不沉沒輪迴海)、無所有的(akiñcanarāgādikiñcanābhāvena pariggahābhāvena ca染等世間的執著的消失和攝受的消失)、無戲論(appapañca)(Nettipakaraa CS:p.48Nettippakaraa-aṭṭhakathā pg.120)

Nibbāpana,【中】冷卻,熄,消失。

Nibbāpeti (ni+vā+e), 熄滅,冷卻,熄滅。【過】nibbāpesi。【過nibbāpita。【現nibbāpenta。【獨】nibbāpetvā。【潛】nibbāpeyya

Nibbāyati (ni+vā +ya),不再存在,變成很涼爽。【過】nibbāyi。見nibbāti

Nibbāyitu, nibbātu,【不】不再存在。

Nibbāhana,【中】移掉,清除。【形】導出的。

Nibbikāra,【形】不變更的,堅定的。

Nibbicikiccha,【形】無疑的,確信的,信任的。

Nibbijja, (Nibbijjati的【獨】) 被使氣餒,被令人厭惡。

Nibbijjati (ni+vij發抖+ya), 被使氣餒,被令人厭惡。【過】nibbijji。【過nibbinna。【獨】nibbijjitvā

Nibbijjhati (ni+vidh(vyadh / vidh)貫穿+ya), 刺穿,突破。【過】nibbijjhi。【過nibbiddha

Nibbidā(Sk. nirvid, & nirveda),【陰】厭惡,疲倦(weariness, disgust with worldly life, tedium, aversion, indifference, disenchantment.)Nibbidāti sikhāpattā vuṭṭhānagāminibalavavipassanā. Virāgoti ariyamaggo. Vimuttīti arahattaphala. Catubbidhopi hi ariyamaggo arahattaphalassa upanissayapaccayo hoti. Vimuttiñāṇadassananti paccavekkhaṇāñāṇa.” (:已達到頂峰(sikhā),具有有力的毘缽舍那出起(vuṭṭhānagāmi)離欲:聖道。解脫:阿羅漢果,及四種聖道--阿羅漢果的親依止緣。解脫智見:省察智。)(Vin.Parivāra-aṭṭhakathā《附隨注釋》CD.pg.5.208) 《中部古疏》說:sakhārupekkhāñāṇa sikhāppatta- vipassanā. Keci pana-- “bhagañāṇato paṭṭhāya sikhāpattavipassanā”ti vadanti.(‘行捨智至頂觀。但是,有些人說,從壞滅智以後的觀智是至頂觀’)(Ps-p I,159)SA.12.23.Virāgoti maggo. So hi kilese virājento khepento uppanno, tasmā virāgoti vuccati. Nibbidāti nibbidāñāṇa. Etena balavavipassana dasseti. Balavavipassanāti bhayatūpaṭṭhāne ñāṇa ādīnavānupassane ñāṇa muñcitukamyatāñāṇa sakhārupekkhāñāṇanti catunna ñāṇāna adhivacana.”(離欲:聖道。他生起棄除、耗費煩惱,於此稱為離欲:厭智,它指示那有力的毘缽舍那。有力的毘缽舍那怖畏現起智,過患隨觀智,欲解脫智,行捨智,四種智的同義詞)

Nibbindati (ni+vid2知道+-a)(nis+vindati), 厭倦,討厭(to get wearied of)。【過】nibbindi。【過nibbinna。【獨】nibbindetvā。【現nibbidantanibbinda(<nibbidant<ppr. of nibbindati) virajjati.(厭而離欲)

Nibbisa,【中】工資(earnings, wages)。【形】無毒的。

Nibbisati (ni+ vis (viś), 進入)+a)(nis+visati) , 追求(to enter into; to earn, gain, find, enjoy)。【過】nibbisi。【現nibbisanta

Nibbisesa(nis+visesa),【形】相似的,沒差別的(showing no difference, without distinction, equal, similar )

Nibbuti(Sk. nirvtanivta, both pp. of v),【陰】和平,快樂,(痛苦、煩惱、情緒激動等)減輕,涅槃。

Nibbuyhati(ni+vah +ya)( Sk. niruhyate, nis+vuyhati, pass. of vahati, cp. nibbāhati),被引開,被解救(to be led out to, to be saved)SA.1.1./I,18.Nibbuyhāmīti hātu asakkonto ativattāmi.(被救我超越站著不生起。)

Nibbehana(Sk. nirveṣṭana, nis+vehana),【中】放鬆,解釋(unwinding, fig. explanation)

Nibbeheti (ni+veh+e)(Sk. nirveṣṭate, nis+veheti, to twist round), 解開,拆開(搓合的繩,線等),闡明(to unravel, untwist, unwind; to explain, make clear)。【過】nibbehesi。【過nibbehita。【獨】nibbehetvāS.22.3./III,12.“Niggahitosi; nibbehehi vā sace pahosī’ti.”(汝已墮負處,若能者答辯。)

Nibbedha (<ni+vyadh),【陽】滲透,刺穿,決擇(penetration, insight; adj.: penetrating, piercing, scrutinising, sharp)nibbedhabhāgiya,         決擇分。

Nibbedhika,【形】決擇的,抉擇的。nibbedhikā,【陰】決擇的。nibbedhikapaññā決擇慧。nibbedhikapariyāya(=nibbijjhanakāraa(洞察原因)(AA.))﹐抉擇的法門。

Nibbematika(nis+vimati+ka),【形】一致的,無異議的(not disagreeing, of one accord, unanimous)

Nibbhaya(nis+bhaya),【形】大膽的,勇敢的(free from fear or danger, fearless, unafraid )

Nibbhoga(Sk. nirbhoga, nis+bhoga1),【形】無用的,廢棄的(deprived of enjoyment; deserted, being of no avail, useless)

Nibha,【形】相等的,相似的。

Nibhā,【陰】光彩,光(shine, lustre, splendour)vaṇṇanibhā﹐光彩的顏色。

Nibhāti (ni+bhā+a), 照耀。【過】nibhāsi

Nimantaka,【形】邀請的人。

Nimantana,【中】邀請。

Nimanteti (ni+mant討論+e), 邀請。【過】nimantesi。【過nimantita。【獨】nimantetvā, nimantiya。【現nimantenta

Nimitta(cp.nimitta, to ),【中】跡象(sign),預兆(omen),前兆(portent),因素(prognostication)nimittaggāhī,【形】取相,被向外的告示引導離開。nimittapāṭhaka,【陽】預知的人。pubbanimitta前兆VbhA. (CS:p.148)Sakhepato paisandhiyā tīṇi ārammaṇāni honti--kamma, kammanimittagatinimittanti. Tattha kamma nāma āyūhitā kusalākusalacetanā. Kammanimitta nāma ya vatthu ārammaa katvā kamma āyūhati. Tattha atīte kappakoisatasahassamatthakasmimpi kamme kate tasmi khae kamma vā kammanimitta vā āgantvā upaṭṭhāti.(CS:p.149) Gatinimitta nāma nibbattanaka-okāse eko vaṇṇo upaṭṭhāti. Tattha niraye upaṭṭhahante lohakumbhisadiso hutvā upaṭṭhāti. Manussaloke upaṭṭhahante mātukucchikambalayānasadisā hutvā upaṭṭhāti.(在結生,約略說,有三種所緣︰業、業相、趣相。此中,︰已累積的善不善業。業相︰指累積的作(善不善)業的所緣的樣貌。此中,過去百千俱祇劫已作的業,以業或業相來了之後,就生起。趣相︰在空中出現的某景象,此中,在地獄的話,生起那地方的銅鍋(lohakumbhī)之類。在人間的話,生起母胎(mātukucchi)、毛織品(kambala)、車子(yāna)之類。) 阿毘達摩廣釋》(Vibhv.CS:p.191~2.) Apica paccuppanna kammanimitta cuti-āsannappavattāna pañcadvārikajavanāna ārammaa hoti. “Pañcadvārika-kammañca paisandhinimittaka na hoti paridubbalabhāvato”ti. (此外臨終轉起現在(當面)的業相為五門諸速行的所緣。不過,五門的業過於微弱,不會是結生的相。) (按︰五門心路之後,緊接著意門心路,意門心路取五門心路的所緣。)

Nimināti (ni+mā+nā), 交換,物物交換。【過】nimini。【過niminita

Nimisa, nimesa,【陽】眨眼。

Nimisati (ni+mis (mi)+a), 眨眼。【過】nimisi。【現nimisanta

Nimīleti (ni+ mīl眨眼+e), 眨眼,關上,關。【過】nimīlesi。【過nimīlita。【獨】nimīletvā

Nimīlana,【中】眨眼。

Nimugga, (Nimujjati的【過) 下沉,潛入,跳入

Nimujjati (ni+mujj下沉+a), 下沉,潛入,跳入。【過】nimujji。【獨】nimujjitvā,【不】nimujjitu

Nimujjā,【陰】nimujjana,【中】潛水,沉沒,鑽入水中。

Nimesa,【陽】眨眼。一閉眼0.1秒,一開眼0.2秒,每次眨眼間隔只有4~5秒,瞇眼睛的人,眨眼的次數也比平常少,眼睛會因此乾澀、不舒服。20~40歲之間的正常人每分鐘眨眼約20次。

Nimokkha =vimokkha解脫(S.1.2/I,2)

Nimba,【陽】印度楝(東印度群島的一種大喬木 (Melia azadirachta),其樹幹滲出一種粘膠,樹皮味苦,有滋補作用,果實和種子産一種藥用芳香油),古音譯:絍婆樹。

Nimmakkhika,【形】無蒼蠅的,無幼蟲的。

Nimmajjana,【中】擠壓。

Nimmathana,【中】壓碎。

Nimmathati (ni+math+a), 鎮壓,破壞,擠。【過】nimmathi。【過nimmathita。【獨】nimmathitvā

Nimmanthati (ni+manth攪拌+a), 參見 Nimmathati

Nimmaddana (to nimmādeti),【中】接觸,粉碎,征服(touching, touch, crushing, subduing)

Nimmala(nis+mala),【形】乾淨的,純粹的,無雜質的(free from impurity, stainless, clean, pure)

Nimmasa,【形】無肉的。

Nimmātāpitika (nis+māta-pitika),【形】成孤兒的( one who has neither mother nor father, an orphan

Nimmānarati(=manāpakāyikā devatā可意天眾)﹐化樂天,此天能隨心所欲造出色、聲、樂(《增支部》A.8.46./IV,263.)

Nimmātika,【形】無母的。

Nimmātar(Sk. nirmāt, n. ag. of nimmināti),【陽】創作者,製造者,建立者(maker, builder, creator)

Nimmāna1(Sk. nirmāṇa, see nimmināti,【中】度量,産生,創造,神造(measuring; production, creation, work; issara-n-hetu caused by God)

Nimmāna2(Sk. nirmāna, nis+māna),【形】無自傲的(free from pride, humble )

Nimmita, (Nimmināti的【過)1.測出,計劃,産生,創造(measured out, planned, laid out; created (by supernatural power, iddhi))2.禪相(sign)Vibhv.CS:p.258Parikammassa nimitta ārammaattāti parikammanimitta, kasiamaṇḍalādi. Tadeva cakkhunā diṭṭha viya manasā uggahetabba nimitta, uggahantassa vā nimittanti uggahanimitta. Tappaibhāga vaṇṇādikasiadosarahita nimitta upacārappanāna ārammaattāti paibhāganimitta.(遍作相︰預備的所緣的相。取相心當取的或所取的相正如開眼所見似相這相似的()色遍等毫無瑕疵的相,為近行()、安止()的所緣。)

Nimmitā, 化樂天。nimmitā kāmā, 化作之事欲(Nd1A.CS:pg.13)

Nimmināti (ni+mi +nācp.Sk.nirmimīti & nirmāti, nis+mināti, ), 産生形成建立生産。【過】nimmimini。【現nimminanta。【獨】nimminitvā, nimmāya

Nimmoka(Sk. nirmoka fr. nis+moceti)),【陽】蛇蛻的皮( the slough or castoff skin of a snake)

Niya, niyaka(Sk. nija),【形】自己的。參考 nija

Niyata(pp. of ni+yam),【形】確信的,確定的,不變的(restrained, bound to, constrained to, sure (as to the future), fixed (in its consequences), certain, assured, necessary)

Niyati(cp. Sk. niyati, ni+yam),【陰】命運(necessity, fate, destiny)

Niyama(cp. Sk. niyama, ni+yam; often confused with niyāma),【陽】1.制約,自制(restraint, constraint, training, self-control )2.定律,確定,限制(definiteness, certainty, limitation)niyamena (Instr.) ; niyamato (Abl.)aniyama明確(indefiniteness, choice, generality VvA 16 (ya kiñci=aniyame, i. e. in a general sense), 17 (same of ye keci); PvA 175 (vā saddo aniyamattho=indefinite). DhsA.(CS:p.312)Imasmi pana hāne pañcavidha niyāma nāma gahisu--1bījaniyāma 2utuniyāma 3kammaniyāma 4dhammaniyāma 5cittaniyāmanti.(這裡有五種定律:種子定律、時節定律、業定律、法的定律、心的定律。)

Niyamana(Sk. niyamana, to niyameti),【中】固定,解決,定義(fixing, settling, definition, explanation in detail )

Niyameti (ni+yam抵達+e)(cp. Sk. niyamayati, ni+yamati), 固定,確定,命令,控制,定義(to tie down, to fix; explain in detail, exemplify)。【過】niyamesi。【過niyamita。【獨】niyametvā

Niyāma(Sk. niyama & niyāma),【陽】niyāmatā,【陰】確定,固定的方法(way, way to an end or aim, esp. to salvation, right way (sammatta°); method, manner, practice)micchattaniyāma, 邪性決定(即邪見強得足以決定下一生投生於惡趣)sammattaniyāma, 正性決定。okkanto sammattaniyāma (=niyāma okkamitu sammattaṁ), 入正性決定、入正性離生(=法現觀)SA.25.1-10./II,346.Okkanto sammattaniyāmanti paviṭṭho ariyamagga.(入正性決定︰進入聖道。) A.6.98./III,442.“‘So vata, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabbasakhāre aniccato samanupassanto anulomikāya khantiyā samannāgato bhavissatī’ti hānameta vijjati. ‘Anulomikāya khantiyā samannāgato sammattaniyāma okkamissatī’ti hānameta vijjati. ‘Sammattaniyāma okkamamāno sotāpattiphala vā sakadāgāmiphala vā anāgāmiphala vā arahatta vā sacchikarissatī’ti hānameta vijjatī”ti.(諸比丘!謂:觀一切行是無常之比丘,當成就隨順忍(PsA.CS:pg.2.7.隨順出世間諸法的隨順智)者,則有是處。謂:若成就隨順忍,當入正性決定者,則有是處。謂:若入正性決定,當證預流果、或一來果、或不還果、或阿羅漢果者,則有是處。)(cf. Ps.II,236.)

Vism.611.Bhagavatā “katamehi cattārīsāya ākārehi anulomika khanti pailabhati, katamehi cattārīsāya ākārehi sammattaniyāma okkamatī”ti etassa vibhage–

 “Pañcakkhandhe (1)aniccato, (2)dukkhato, (3)rogato, (4)gaṇḍato, (5)sallato, (6)aghato, (7)ābādhato, (8)parato, (9)palokato, (10)ītito, (11)upaddavato, (12)bhayato, (13)upasaggato, (14)calato, (15)pabhaguto, (16)addhuvato, (17)atāṇato, (18)aleato, (19)asaraato, (20)rittato, (21)tucchato, (22)suññato, (23)anattato, (24)ādīnavato, (25)vipariṇāmadhammato, (26)asārakato, (27)aghamūlato, (28)vadhakato, (29)vibhavato, (30)sāsavato, (31)sakhatato, (32)mārāmisato, (33)jātidhammato, (34)jarādhammato, (35)byādhidhammato, (36)maraadhammato (37)sokadhammato, (38)paridevadhammato, (39)upāyāsadhammato, (40)sakilesikadhammato”ti (Ps.II,238.)(世尊以怎樣的四十行相而獲得隨順忍?以怎樣的四十行相入於正決定?」其分別的方法是這樣的:「他觀五蘊是(1)無常、(2)苦、(3)從病、(4)從癰、(5)從箭、(6)從惡、(7)從疾、(8)從敵、(9)從毀、(10)從難、(11)從禍、(12)從怖畏、(13)從災患、(14)從動、(15)從壞、(16)從不恒、(17)從非保護所、(18)從非避難所、(19)從非歸依處、(20)從無、(21)從虛、(22)從空、(23)從無我、(24)從患、(25)從變易法、(26)從不實、(27)從惡之根、(28)從殺戮者、(29)從烏有、(30)從有漏、(31)從有為、(32)從魔食、(33)從生法、(34)從老法、(35)從病法、(36)從死法、(37)從愁法、(38)從悲法、(39)從惱法、(40)從雜染法。」

《瑜伽師地論》T30.880.2︰「正性定法聚者,謂學無學所有諸法。」「正性定法聚」並非「入正性決定」之釋義。

Niyāmaka1(either to niyama or niyāma),【形】【陽】建立,導引(sure of or in, founded in, or leading to, completed in)

Niyāmaka2,【陽】船長(ship’s captain Vism 137.(simile))

Niyuñjati (ni+yuj連接+a), 參加。【過】niyuñji

NiyuttaNiyuttaka, (Niyuñjati的【過), 已連繫,已任命,已參加,已委任(tied to, appointed to (with Loc.), commissioned, ordered )

Niyoga(ni+yoga),【陽】指令,命令(command, order; necessity)Abl. niyogā 嚴格說來(“strictly speaking” Dhs 1417. )

Niyojana,【中】敦促,命令,委託。

Niyojita (Niyojeti的【過), 代表。

Niyojeti (ni+yuj連接+e), 催促,刺激,委託(to urge, incite to (with Loc.) )。【過】niyojesi。【現niyojenta。【獨】niyojetvā

Niyyati, nīyati, (nayati 的【被】), 被引導,被指導,被攜帶。

Niyyātana,【中】給掌管,奉獻,歸還(一些事物)

Niyyāti (ni+yā+a), 外出,離開。【過】niyyāsi。【過niyyāta

Niyyātu,【陽】領袖,引導者,外出的人。

Niyyāteti, niyyādeti (ni+nikka伸直+e), 給掌管,交出,分配,獻出。【過】niyyātesi。【過niyyātita, niyyādita。【獨】niyyātetvā, niyyādetva

Niyyāna(nis+yāna, cp. niyyāti),【中】1.外出,出發(going out, departure (=niggamana ))2.釋放,超脫(way out, release, deliverance)

Niyyānika,【形】導致超脫的,導致有利的(leading out (of sasāra), leading to salvation, salutary, sanctifying, saving, profitable)

Niyyāsa,【陽】樹膠(gum),樹的滲出物。

Niyyūha,【陽】小塔,高峰。

Nirakaroti, nirākaroti (ni+ā+kar+o)(Sk. nirākaroti), 拒絕,忽視(despise, neglect, disregard, repudiate; throw away, ruin, destroy)。【過】nirakari。【過nirakata。【獨】nirakatvāIt 83 (nirākare);  pp. anirākata (a + nirākata)

Niraggala,【形】無阻礙的,自由的。

Nirata,【形】喜歡的,執著的。

Nirattha, niratthaka,【形】無用的,不精通的,徒然的。niratthaka,【副】徒然。

Nirantara,【形】連續的,無間斷的。nirantara,【副】總是,不斷地。S.55.21./V,369.Ākiṇṇamanussanti nirantaramanussa.(人群佈滿︰人潮洶湧。)

Niraparādha,【形】無罪行的,清白的。

Nirapekha, nirapekkha,【形】無關緊要的,不注意的,不顧的。

Nirabbuda,【形】無麻煩的,無腫瘤的。【中】一個巨大的數位。【陽】尼剌部陀地獄(地獄的名字)

Niraya(BSk. niraya, nis+aya of i=to go asunder, to go to destruction, to die, cp. in meaning Vedic nirti),【陽】煉獄,地獄;又譯為泥梨、不樂、可厭、苦具、苦器、無有,眾生由罪業而招感的極苦處所。nirayagāmī,【形】導致地獄的。nirayadukkha,【中】地獄的痛苦。nirayapāla,【陽】地獄卒。nirayabhaya,【中】地獄的恐懼。nirayasavattanika,【形】有助於地獄的。apāya duggati vinipāta niraya uppajjeyya(當生於無幸處、惡趣、險難處、地獄。) yena samannāgato ariyasāvako ākakhamāno attanāva attāna byākareyya-- ‘Khīṇanirayo’mhi khīṇatiracchānayoni khīṇapettivisayo khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto, sotāpanno’ham asmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyao’ti?(於具足的聖聲聞,可依自己的願望各自能宣佈:『我是地獄已滅,畜生胎已滅、餓鬼境界已滅及無幸處、惡趣、險難處(無幸處、惡趣、險難處都是地獄的同義詞)已滅,我是須陀洹果,()不退轉法,確信注定要正菩提。』) (《長部》D.16./II,93~4.)cf. naraka﹐那落迦。地獄有「拍毬地獄」,表示一入地獄之後,很快即脫離苦厄。如阿闍世命終當生拍毬地獄(《增壹阿含38-11經》)

(《阿含部T2p.726.1)

Niravasesa,【形】包含的,無剩餘物的。

Nirassāda,【形】沒有味道的,無味的,遲鈍的。

Nirākula,【形】不困惑的,無擾亂的。

Nirātaka,【形】無病痛的,健康的。

Nirāmaya,【形】無病痛的,健康的

Nirāmisa (nir+āmisa財、味、利益),【形】無肉的,無欲望的,無染的。

Nirārambha,【形】不殺害動物的。

Nirālamba,【形】不支援的,無根據的。

Nirālaya,【形】無欲望的,不管,無房子的。

Nirāsa,【形】無欲望的。

Nirāsaka,【形】無懷疑的,無疑的。

Nirāsasa,【形】無願的,無期待的。

Nirāhāra,【形】無食物的,禁食的。

Nirindhana,【形】無燃料的。

Nirujjhati (ni+rudh成長+ya)(pass. of nirundhati (nirodhati)), 被止滅,停止,解散,消失。【過】nirujjhi。【過niruddha。【獨】nirujjhitvā

Nirujjhana,【中】停止,消失

Niruttara,【形】不可回答的,沒有答覆的,沒有長者的人,最貴族的。

Nirutti,【陰】語言,語言學。niruttipaisambhidā,【陰】分析方言的知識,分析語言學的知識。

Nirundhati, Nirodhati, 止滅,停止,解散,消失。see nirujjhati, niruddha, nirodha & nirodheti. Cp. parirundhati.。【被】nirujjhati

Nirudaka,【形】無水的。

Niruddha (nirujjhati 的【過), 已停止,已不再存在。

Nirupaddava,【形】無害處的,安心的,沒有不幸之事的。

Nirupadhi,【形】無激情的,無執著的。

Nirupama,【形】無比的。

Niroga,【形】健康的。

Niroja,【形】沒有味道的,無樹液的。

Nirodha(ni+rodha牢獄, cf. Vism.495.),【陽】【中】滅,停止,最終的真理。nirodhadhamma,【形】滅法(會滅的事物)nirodhadhātu,【陰】滅界。nirodhasamāpatti,【陰】滅盡定,又稱為「滅受想定」(nirodha-vedayita-samāpatti) asesavirāganirodha,無剩餘的離染之滅(SA.12.1./II,10.Asesavirāganirodhāti virāgasakhātena maggena asesanirodhā. 無剩餘的離染之滅︰以離染,無剩餘之滅)經中說:saññāvedayitanirodha samāpannassa saññā ca vedanā ca vūpasantā honti.” (.受滅定者想、受皆止息)SA.12.1./II,10.Nirodho hotīti anuppādo hoti.(︰未被生。)

Nirodheti (ni+rudh成長+e), 破壞,溶解,殲滅。【過】nirodhesi。【過nirodhita。【獨】nirodhetvā

Nilaya,【陽】家,獸穴,住所,住宅。

Nilīyati (ni+lī執著+ya), 藏,潛藏,躲藏。【過】nilīyi。【過nilīna。【獨】nilīyitvā

Nilīyana (abstr. fr. nilīyati, cp. Sk. nilayana),【中】躲藏(hiding)nilīyanaṭṭhāne,匿藏處(hiding-place)

Nillajja,【形】不知羞恥的。

Nillāḷeti & Nilloeti (nis+lul, cp. Sk. laayati & loayati),移轉,鼓動(to move (the tongue) up & down)pp. nillāḷita-jivhāDhA.IV,197 (jivha nilloleti; v. l. nillāleti & lilāḷeti)=J.V,434 (v. l. nillelati for °lo°).

Nillekha (nis+lekha),【形】無刻痕(without scratches, without edges (?))

Nillehaka,【形】舔,舔者。

Nillokana (adj.-n.) [nis+lokana] watching out; watchful, careful J.V,43, 86 (°sīla).

Nilloketi [nis+loketi] to watch out, keep guard, watch, observe Vin.II,208.

Nillopa(cp. Sk. nirlopa, nis+lup),【陽】掠奪(plundering, plunder)

Nillobha (nis+lobha) ,【形】無貪的(free from greed J.IV,10.)

Nillolupa,【形】無貪的。

Nivatta (Nivattati的【過), 已停止,已停留。

Nivattati (ni+vat+a), 折回,轉離,停留,留下。【過】nivattinivattanta(opp. anivattanta)。【獨】nivattitvā, nivattiya。【不】nivattitu

Nivattana,【中】nivatti,【陰】中斷,回返,折回,留下。

Nivatteti (ni+vat+e), 停止,使回去,禁止,使留下。【過】nivattesi。【過nivattita。【現nivattenta。【獨】nivattetvā

Nivattha (nivāseti 的【過), 已使蒙受,已穿著。dunnivattha,已少穿著。

Nivasati (ni+vas+a), 居住,逗留(to live, dwell, inhabit, stay)。【過】nivasi。【過nivuttha。【現nivasanta。【獨】nivasitvāalso nivāsana2 & nivāsin.

Nivaha(< ni+vah),【陽】堆,大群(multitude, quantity, heap)

Nivātaka(< nivāta1),【中】庇護處,躲藏的機會(a sheltered place, a place of escape, opportunity (for hiding))

Nivātavuttī,【形】謙遜的,孝順的。

Nivāpa(cp. Sk. nivāpa, ni+vap, cp. nivapati),【陽】馬料,餌,爲飼養被丟的食物(food thrown (for feeding), fodder, bait; gift, portion, ration)

Nīvāra﹐穄米,野生之穀類。

Nivāraa (< nivāreti) ,【中】【形】預防,擋住,拒絕(warding off, keeping back, preventing; refusal)

Nivāraya (grd. of nivāreti), 【形】應該被避免的,應該被阻止的。dunivāraya, (hard to check or keep back).

Nivāreti (ni+var +e) [Caus. of nivarati], 防範,避免,阻止,禁止,阻隔(to keep back, to hold back from (c. Abl.), to restrain; to refuse, obstruct, forbid, warn)。【過】nivāresi。【過nivārita。【獨】nivāretvā

Nivāretar(Nivāretu),【陽】避免者,禁止者,阻隔者(one who holds back or refuses (entrance) (opp. pavesetar))

Nivārita (pp. of nivāreti),【形】無障礙(unobstructed, open PvA.202 (=anāvaa))

Nivāsa(< nivasati2),【陽】住所,休息處,居住面積(stopping, dwelling, resting-place, abode; living, sheltering)nivāsabhūmi,【陰】住宅。

Nivāsana1 (< nivāseti) ,【中】【形】1.穿(dressed, clothed; dressing, clothing, undergarment (opp. pārupana)2.內衣,下裙,涅槃僧,泥嚩些那。

Nivāsana2 (< nivasati2), 居住(dwelling, abode)nivāsanaṭṭhāna, 居住處(place of abode) )

Nivāsika, Nivāsin,【陽】居住者,停留者。

Nivāseti (ni+vas+e), 穿著(自己),穿衣,穿著。【過】nivāsesi。【過nivāsita, nivattha。【現nivāsenta。【獨】nivāsetvā。【不】nivāsetu

Niviṭṭha (Nivisati的【過), 已潛藏,已定居,已建立在,已專心於

Nivisati (ni+vis進入+a), 安定下來,住著,滯留。【過】nivisi

Nivuta,【過】已包封,已給縫邊,已包圍。

Nivuttha, (nivasati 的【過)

Nivedaka,【形】宣佈的人,告知者。

Nivedana,【中】公告,情報,報告。

Nivedeti (ni+vid+e), 令知道,溝通,報告,公告。【過】nivedesi。【過nivedita。【獨】nivedetvā, nivediya。【義】nivedeyya

Nivesa,【陽】nivesana,【中】殖民地,住所,房子。ghananivesana,聚集的社區。

Niveseti (ni+vis+ecaus. of nivesati), 使進入,安頓,安排(to cause to enter; to build, fix, settle)。【過】nivesesi。【過nivesita。【獨】nivesetvā。【義】nivesetabba

Nisajja, (nisīdati 的【獨】), 已坐下。

Nisajjā,【陰】坐下。

Nisada,【陽】磨石(磨辣椒)nisadapota,【陽】磨石杖(印度人磨辣椒用的磨石,下一塊是大平石台,上一塊是石杖,形如擀麵杖)

Nisabha,【陽】領導公牛,人類之中最好的人。

Nisamma, (nisāmeti 的【獨】), 已考慮。【副】體貼地。nisammakārī,【形】體貼地行動。

Nisā,【陰】夜晚。nisākara, nisānātha,【陽】月亮。

Nisāṇa,【陽】磨石(磨刀)

Nisādī,【形】躺下。

Nisāmaka,【形】深切注意的,注意聽的。

Nisāmeti (ni+sām +e),觀看,觀瞻。【過】nisāmesi。【過nisāmita。【現nisāmenta。【獨】nisāmetvāSnA.v.410./II,383.Nisāmethāti passatha.(你們觀看︰你們看!)

Nisita,【形】銳利的,磨了的,削尖的。

Nisinna, (nisīdati 的【過) 已坐下

Nisinnaka,【形】坐下。

Nisītha,【陽】午夜。

Nisīdati (ni+sad+a(Sk. niṣīdati), 坐下(to sit down, to be seated, to sit, to dwell)。【過】nisīdi。【現nisīdanta。【過nisinna。【義】nisīditabba。【獨】nisīditvā,  nisajja, nisīditvāna, nisīdiyaekamanta nisīdati﹐卻坐一面,退坐一面,坐於一隅。3pl. nisīdisu, nisīdisu; 【使】nisīdāpetiCp. abhinisīdati, sannisīdati.

Nisīdana(Sk. niadana, fr. nisīdati),【中】1.坐下(sitting down, occasion or opportunity to sit, a mat to sit on)2.座,位子,坐墊,坐具。《南寄歸內法傳》卷第三〈二十一坐具襯身〉:「禮拜敷其坐具。五天所不見行。致敬起為三禮。四部罔窺其事。南海諸僧。人持一布巾長三五尺。疊若食巾。禮拜用替膝頭。行時搭在肩上。西國苾芻來見。咸皆莞爾而笑也。」(T54.221.1)

Nisīdāpana,【中】令人坐下。

Nisīdāpeti (nisīdati 的【使】cp. Sk. niṣādayati), 使坐下(to cause to sit down, to make one be seated, to invite to a seat.)。【過】nisīdāpesi。【過nisīdāpita。【獨】nisīdāpetvā

Nisedha,【陽】nisedhana,【中】預防,禁令,抑制。

Nisedhaka(<nisedha)﹐【形】禁止的,避免者,阻隔者。

Nisedhanatā (f.) (abstr. to nisedheti) 避免,禁止,避開。

Nisedheti (ni+sedh+e), 避免,禁止,避開,絕滅。【過】nisedhesi。【過nisedhita。【現nisedhenta。【義】nisedhetabba。【獨】nisedhetvānisedhiyacp.imper.nisedha.

Nisevati (ni+sev+a), 交往,追求,沉迷於。【過】nisevi。【過nisevita。【獨】nisevitvā

Nisevana,【中】1.結交。2.使用。3.練習。

Nissakka (<nis+sakkati=sakk), 離格(“going out from,” a name of the ablative case)

Nissagga,【陽】放棄。nissaggiya,【形】【陽】應該被拒絕的,應該被放棄的。nissaggiya pācittiya, 捨懺(應該被捨棄,然後懺悔)

Nissaga,【形】不執著的,不自私的。

Nissajati (ni+saj +a), 放棄,解放。【過】nissaji。【過nissaṭṭha。【獨】nissajja, nissajitvā

Nissaa, (nissarati 的【過), 已從出來,已拒絕,已解放。

Nissaṭṭha, (nissajati 的【過), 已解散,已放棄,已移交。

Nissatta,【形】沒有精神的(非佛教稱:無靈魂的),無衆生的。

Nissadda,【形】沉默的,無聲的。

Nissanda(Sk. nisyanda & niyanda, ni+syand (syad), see sandati),【陽】1.一滴一滴地流下(flowing or trickling down, dropping,)2.解除(discharge)3.産生,結果(result, outcome, esp. effect of Kamma)

Nissaya (Sk. niśraya, of ni+śri, corresp. in meaning to Sk. āśraya),【陽】依賴,支援,保護,依止(that on which anything depends, support, help, protection; endowment, resource, requisite, supply; foundation, reliance on),逐字注釋或逐詞對譯nissaya karoti, 作依止(to rely on)nissayakamma, 支援(giving assistance or help, an (ecclesiastical) act of help or protection)nissayasampanna, finding one’s strength in A IV.353.

Nissayasampanna﹐【過】基礎鞏固。

Nissayati(ni向下+si眠﹑臥+ya)(Sk. niśrayati, but in meaning=āśrayati, ni+ śri), 倚靠,信賴,交往。【過】nissayipass. nissīyat. pp. nissita; ger. nissāya

Nissaraa(nihsarana),【中】1.出離,離開,外出,脫。2.逃脫。SA.5.1./I,189.Nissaraanti nibbāna.(脫離︰涅槃)pañca nissaraṇīyā dhātuyo, 五出要界,指思惟欲(kāma)、瞋(byāpāda)、害(vihesa惱害)、色(rūpa)、有身(sakkāya)之五種出離之要。(cf. A.5.200./III,245)。《說一切有部發智大毘婆沙論》卷第七十九(T27.407.2)「脫眾災故 (nihsarana)。」

Nissaraṇīya, Nissāraṇīya, (grd. of nissarati, with relation to nissaraa) ,【形】解脫,逐出(connected with deliverance, leading to salvation, able to be freed. The 3 n. dhātuyo (elements of deliverance) are nekkhamma (escape from cravings), āruppa (from existence with form), nirodha (from all existence), in detail at It.61 (kāmāna n. nekkhamma, rūpāna n. āruppa, ya kiñci bhūta sakhata n. nirodho)A.6.13./III,290.cha nissāraṇīyā dhātuyo.六出離界(-離瞋,悲-離害,喜-離不樂,捨-離貪,無相-離一切相,離疑-我慢斷。)

Nissarati (ni+sar(s)動轉+a),離開,逃(to depart, escape from, be freed from)。【過】nissari。【過nissaa,【獨】nissaritvāgrd. nissaraṇīya

Nissāya(ger. of nissayati, Sk. *niśrāya, BSk niśritya, ni+śri),【不】經由,藉著支援,在附近(leaning on (in all fig. meanings)1. near, near by, on, at J.I,167 (pāsānapiṭṭha), 221 (padumasara); PvA.24 (bāhā), 134 (ta=with him). 2. by means of, through, by one’s support, by way of J.I,140 (rājāna: under the patronage of the k.); IV,137 (id.); II,154 (tumhe); Miln.40 (kāya), 253 (id.); PvA.27 (ye=yesa hetu), 154 (nadī° alongside of). -- 3. because of, on account of, by reason of, for the sake of)

Nissāra,【形】無價值的,無樹液的,無實體的。

Nissārajja,【形】不缺乏自信的,對自己的力量很有自信的。

Nissāraa,【中】逐出。

Nissita (nissayati 的【過), (向下)依靠著,有賴於,以爲生。

Nissitaka,【形、名】信徒,追隨者,擁護者,支援的人。

Nissirīka,【形】不幸的,悲慘的。

Nisseṇī(< nis+śri, orig. that which leans against, or leads to something, cp. Sk. śreṇī a row),【陰】梯子,(階梯的)一段(a ladder, a flight of stairs)

Nissesa,【形】整個的,全部。nissesa,【副】完全地。

Nissuta (nis+suta< su(śru)聽聞)﹐【形】流失的,消失的。

Nissoka,【形】無悲傷的。

Nihata, (Nihanati的【過)已殺,已擊敗,已破壞,已判定。nihatamāna,【形】無自傲的,有禮貌的。nihatatā, 已破壞的狀態。

Nihanati (ni+han+a), 殺,擊敗,使丟臉,破壞。【過】nihani。【獨】nihantvā

Nihita (nidahati 的【過), 已保持,已放進,已整理。

Nihīna,【形】低的,惡劣的,低級的。nihīnakamma,【中】罪業(有罪的行動)。【形】有罪的,賤行爲。nihīnapañña,【形】劣慧(次等的智慧)nihīnasevī,【形】有壞的結交,惡劣的追求。

Nihīyati (ni+ha+i+ya), 被毀滅,被破壞。【過】nihīyi。【過nihīna。【現nihīyamāna

nī(nī)﹐【字根I.】帶領、引導(to lead)。台語︰(cua7)

Nīgha,【陽】悲慘,混亂。

Nīca,【形】低的,卑下的,卑賤的,次等的,謙卑的。nīcakula,【中】賤種姓(低的印度世襲階級)nīcakulīnatā,【陰】有出生卑賤的情況。nīcāsana,【中】低座。

Nīta (neti 的【過), 已攜帶,已推論出,已指明,已牽著走。nītattha,【陽】推論出的意義。

Nīti,【陰】法律,指導。nītisattha,【中】政治學(政治手腕的科學)( 有法律條文或案例等的)法律書籍。

Nīpa,【陽】東印度團花(參考 Kadamba)

Nīyati (neti 的【被】), 被引導,被攜帶。S.1.8./I,4.“Yesa dhammā susammuṭṭhā, paravādesu nīyare.(以迷於法故,引入於異教。) paravāda異教、外道。SA.1.7./I,25.Nīyareti attano dhammatāyapi gacchanti, parenapi nīyanti.(引入︰順著自己的法性,被引入異教。)

彼等正證知,以平行不平。

Nīyāti(=niyyāti) (nī引導+yā+a), 外出,離開。

Nīyādeti, 給掌管,交出,分配,獻出。參考 niyyādeti

Nīyānika,形】導致超度的,有利可圖的。參考 niyyānika(有利可圖的)

Nīra,【中】水。

Nīla,【形】藍的,青的。【陽】藍色。nīlakasia,【中】(修禪取相的)(準備一個直徑約30公分的圓盤,把它敷上青蓮花或結黎根尼迦(nīluppala-girikaṇṇikā,即藍蝴蝶clitoria ternatea)等青色花或青銅(kasanīla)、青葉(palāsanīla)、青染料(añjananīlāna)青色物,當作對象。Vism.173)nīlagīva(青脖子),【陽】孔雀(peacock青頸鳥)nīlamai,【陽】藍寶石,青玉(sapphire)nīlavaṇṇa,【形】有藍色的。nīlavallī,【陰】一種藥藤。nīlasappa,【陽】瘦蛇(一種青色的蛇the whip snakeDryophis)nīlakaṇṭha,青頸,()青頸觀音。

Nīlinī, nīlī,【陰】木藍(the indigo plantIndigofera tinctoria)

Nīluppala,【中】青蓮。

Nīvaraa (Sk. *nivāraa, nis+ varaa of v (vṛṇoti), see nibbuta & cp. nivāraa),【中】障礙,隱藏,蓋(an obstacle, hindrance。稱為「蓋」是具有所障(āvuṭā)、所遮(nivuṭā)、所妨(onaddhā)、所礙(pariyonaddhā)。對禪修妨礙的五蓋pañca nīvaraṇā,即:慾欲、瞋恚、惛沉.睡眠、掉舉.惡作、疑)。斷五蓋:斷欲貪--不淨相(asubhanimitta),斷瞋恚--意慈心解脫(mettā cetovimutti),斷惛沉.睡眠--發勤精進(āraddhavīriya),斷掉舉.後悔--心寂靜(cetaso vūpasamo),斷--從根源作意(yonisomanasikāro)《法門名義集》:「何名為蓋?能覆行人,名之為蓋。蓋掩其心,令不明了。是名為蓋。」(T54.195.3)

  Dhs.(PTS:1152.)Katame dhammā nīvaraṇā? Cha nīvaraṇā -- kāmacchandanīvaraa, byāpādanīvaraa, thinamiddhanīvaraa, uddhaccakukkuccanīvaraa, vicikicchānīvaraa, avijjānīvaraa.(什麼是六蓋--慾欲蓋、瞋蓋、惛沈.睡眠蓋、掉舉.惡作蓋、疑蓋、無明蓋)

五蓋及其對治

貪欲蓋(kāma-cchanda)--對人..物的貪愛、欲望

1.修習不淨觀(asubhanimittassa uggaho)2.不淨觀禪定(asubhabhāvanānuyogo)3.守護諸根門(indriyesu guttadvāratā)4.飲食知量(bhojane mattaññutā)5.親近善友(kalyāṇamittatā)6.適當的談話(sappāyakathā)。其他方法︰修吸氣呼氣,觀貪或感受(的生滅)

瞋恚蓋(vyāpāda, byāpāda),直譯:逆向行--對人事物的瞋恨、不滿

1.修慈心(mettānimittassa uggaho) 2.慈心禪(mettābhāvanānuyogo)3.省察自業之智(kammassakatā- paccavekkhaṇā)4.多辨別(善惡)(paisakhānabahutā)5.親近善友(kalyāṇamittatā)6.適當的談話(sappāyakathā)

另外,止禪方面,修青、黃、赤、白遍及四無量心。觀禪方面,修觀察吸氣呼氣,觀感受(的生滅)

昏沈.睡眠(呆滯)(thīna-middha)--心力不振、興趣薄弱、瞌睡

1.避免過量飲食(atibhojane nimittaggāho)2.變換姿勢(iriyāpathasamparivattanatā)3.作光明想*(ālokasaññāmanasikāro)4.處在無遮蔽之處(abbhokāsavāso)5.親近善友(kalyāṇamittatā)6.適當的談話(sappāyakathā)。其他方法:一、內心標記(默念)「昏沈」、「昏沈」。二、可暫時放下目前所修的業處,改專注於其他業處。三、可思惟從前曾經熟記的佛法。四、可完整地背誦曾經熟記的佛法。五、可用力拉.扯耳朵(3分鐘),並按摩四肢,拉筋、做瑜伽。六、可站立、或以冷水澡洗面目及灑身體、朝不同方向遠眺、或仰望星空。七、可作「光明想」,或作意極可欣(興奮)事佛功德等。八、來回經行(直線往返行走)。九、若仍無效,可小睡片刻,然後再起來繼續修行。(參考:《增支部》A.7.58. Pacala(睡眠)、《中阿含83經》長老上尊睡眠經《佛說離睡經》(T1.837.1))

掉舉.懊悔蓋(uddhacca-kukkucca)--心情擾動.不安,或追悔過去。

1.多聞正法(bahussutatā)2.深究正法 (paripucchakatā遍問)3.於戒律上知取捨(vinaye pakataññutā)4.親近長者(vuddhasevitā)5.親近善友(kalyāṇamittatā)6.適當的談話(sappāyakathā)

疑蓋(vicikicchā)--懷疑佛陀、僧伽、正法、因果

1.多聞正法(bahussutatā)2.深究正法(paripucchakatā遍問)3.於戒律上知取捨(vinaye pakataññutā)4.強化信仰(adhimokkhabahulatā)5.親近善友(kalyāṇamittatā)6.適當的談話(sappāyakathā)

* 對治方法參考︰SA.46.51./III,166-7.

* 光明想︰取諸明相,謂火光、日、月、星宿(ㄒㄧㄡˋ)光、摩尼珠光,取諸光明相已,若樹下、露處,思惟光明,知光明,受光明,如實人若想、憶想,是名光明想。--《舍利弗阿毘曇論》卷第三十,T28.714)

Nīvaraiya,【形】形成妨害的。

Nīvāra,【陽】野米,稻穀。

Nīhaa, (niharati 的【過) 已取出,已驅趕,已伸展。anīhaa,不伸展。

Nīharaa,【中】取出,帶走。

Nīharati (ni+har+a), 取出,驅趕,伸展。【過】nīhari。【現nīharanta。【獨】nīharitvāSp.Pārā.I,268.Maggena amagganti passāvādimaggena pavesetvā tassa sāmantā vaena nīharati. Amaggena magganti maggasāmantena vaena (Sp.Pārā.I,269.) pavesetvā maggena nīharati.(由道()非道()(男根)由小便道(水道)入,由他的瘡口附近出。由非道()()︰從道的附近(非道)入,從道出。)比丘以上皆犯波羅夷。

Nīhāra,【陽】1.噴出。2.實行。3.方法,樣子。

Nihita, (nidahati 的【過)1.已存放。2.已安排。

Nīla (Vedic nīla),【形】dark-blue, blue-black, blue-green. Nīla serves as a general term to designate the “coloured-black,” as opposed to the “colouredwhite” (pīta yellow), which pairs (nīla-pīta) are both set off against the “pure” colour-sensations of red (lohitaka) & white (odāta), besides the distinct black or dark (see kaha).遍處禪 nīla pīta lohita odāta; in the description of the 5 colours of the Buddha’s eye: nīla pītaka lohitaka kaha odāta (Nd2 235, Ia under cakkhumā)(mahānīla great blue lotus); nīla-abbha a black cloud. nīla-abhijāti a dark (unfortunate) birth (cp. kah°) A III.383; nīlauppala blue lotus J III.394; Vv 454 (=kuvalaya); DhA I.384;nīlakasia the “blue” kasia; nīlagīva “blue neck,” a peacock Sn 221 =mai-daṇḍa-sadisāya gīvāya n. ti SnA 277); nīlapupphī N. of plant (“blue-blossom”) J VI.53; nīlabījaka a waterplant (“blue-seed”) Bdhgh at Vin III.276; nīlamai a sapphire (“blue-stone”) ;nīlavaṇṇa blue colour, coloured blue or green (of the ocean); Dhs 246.

DhsA.(CS:p.354)umāpupphasamāna nīla.(相似於umā花的顏色,為藍色)

Nīla,【中】巢(a nest)nīlaja,【陽】鳥。

Nu, 【無】1.肯定語的不定虛詞(affirm.-indef. part. “then, now.”),時常與疑問代詞配合(nu kho﹐或許kin nu kho J.II.159; kacci nu J.I.279; kaccin nu (for kaccid nu) J.II.133; kathan nu (kho) Vin.I,83; kattha PvA.22; etc.)

nud﹐【字根I.】除去(to remove)cp.(nud), 推動(push)

Nuda, nudaka,【形】驅逐。驅散。

Nudati (nud除去+a), 驅趕,驅逐,拒絕。【過】nudi。【獨】nuditvā

Nuṇṇa (Nudati‘驅趕的【過), 趕走了,拿開了。

Nūtana,【形】新的,新鮮的。

Nūna,【無】的確,當然,確定地。

Nūpura,【中】腳鐲(anklet)

Ne﹐【陽】他們,它們。與‘te’同屬【複.主】、【複.賓】。

Neka,【形】一些的,許多的。

Nekākāra,【形】各種不同的,種種的。

Nekatika(<nikati),【陽】欺騙,騙子。【形】欺詐的(deceitful, fraudulent; a cheat)

Nekāyika(<nikāya),【形】精通四或五部尼柯耶(versed in the 4 or 5 Nikāyas)

Nekkha(Vedic nika; cp. nikkha),【中】大金幣(a golden ornament, a certain coin of gold)

Nekkhamma(<nikkhamma走出(【動】;Sk. *naikramya),【中】出離。nekkhammavitakka, nekkhammasakappa,【陽】出離思惟。nekkhammasukha,【中】過著離世生活的快樂。nekkhammabhirata,【形】喜歡出離的。Bu.p.17.Yathā andughare puriso, ciravuttho dukhaṭṭito. Na tattha rāga janesi, muttiyeva gavesati. Tatheva tva sabbabhave, passa andughare viya. Nekkhammābhimukho hohi, bhavato parimuttiyā.(如人久禁牢獄而苦楚,於其處不生染著,唯求出脫。你應視一切有如牢獄,為求當下出獄,由生有脫出。)

Nekkhammasakappa,【陽】出離思惟。DA.22./III,802-3Nekkhammasakappādayo kāmabyāpādavihisāviramaasaññāna nānattā pubbabhāge nānā, maggakkhae pana imesu tīsu hānesu uppannassa akusalasakappassa padapacchedato anuppattisādhanavasena maggaga pūrayamāno ekova kusalasakappo uppajjati. Aya sammāsakappo nāma.(出離思惟等,遠離諸欲、瞋、害之想,各種前分;於道剎那之際,斬斷已生的這三項不善思之根柢,抵達證得道分圓滿生起善思,這稱為正思) SA.45.8./III,124-5.Nekkhammasakappādīsu kāmapaccanīkaṭṭhena kāmato nissaabhāvena vā, kāma sammasantassa uppannoti vā, kāmapadaghāta kāmavūpasama karonto uppannoti vā kāmavivittante uppannoti vā nekkhammasakappo.(出離思惟等,與欲相反之義,由欲解放,或徹知已生之欲,或斬斷已生之欲的根柢,已作欲的寂靜,或已生起隔離欲,這稱為離欲之思)

Negama,【形】市鎮的。【陽】鎮議會。

Neti (nī帶領+a)(=nayati)(Vedic nayati, nī), 帶領,指導,拿走(to lead, guide, conduct; to take, carry (away))。【過】nesi, nayi。【過nīta。【現nenta。【義】netabba, neyya。【潛】naye(to lead a cause=vinicchineyya)。【獨】netvā。【不】netu (°kāma), & netave。【被】nīyati。【命】naya & nehi; poetic imper. nayāhi see in painayāhifut. nessāmi.

Neto (na+ito)﹐此無。

Netaṁ (na+eta這﹑那)﹐無這,無那。

Neta hāna vijjati﹐無有是處(這個(或那個)不可能存在)

Netu,【陽】領袖。Netta,【中】眼睛。netutārā,【陰】瞳孔。

Netti,【陰】1.渴望。2.水道。

Nettika,【陽】造灌溉水道的人。

Nettisa,【陽】刀劍。

Nepakka(< nipaka),【中】審慎(prudence, discrimination, carefulness; usually as satinepakka S.V,197 sq.)

Nepuñña (< nipua) ,【中】經驗,熟練,聰明(experience, skill, cleverness )

Nema (cp. nemi),【中】邊緣,點,根(edge, point; root; gambhīranema (adj.) with deeply rooted point, firmly established)

Nemi(Vedic nemi, perhaps to namati),【陰】輪緣,輪圈(the circumference of a wheel, circumference, rim, edge)jarāmaraanemi, 生死之輪(the rim of old age & death)

Nemitta,【陽】占相者,占星者。

Nemittika,【陽】算命佬,預言者。

Nemittikatā(nimittī-k)﹐現相(欲得他物表欲得相,如言此物好)

Nemindhara,【陽】尼民陀羅山、持輻山(山名)

Neyya,【形】被引導的,被運的,被推論出的,被瞭解的,未了的行者(經過詳細解說,精研教義,還要經精進地修習,才可契入道與果)Pug.PTS:p.42.150.Katamo ca puggalo neyyo?  Yassa puggalassa uddesato paripucchato yoniso manasikaroto kalyāṇamitte sevato bhajato payirupāsato eva anupubbena dhammābhisamayo hoti– aya vuccati puggalo “neyyo”.(什麼人是應被引導者?哪個人從誦經、從遍問,而從根源作意、被結交、被深交、敬奉諸善友,如此依次第(產生)法現觀,這稱為被引導者。)

Nerayika,【形】在地獄出生的,命中注定在地獄受苦。

Neru,【陽】尼嚕山(最高的山名字,即:須彌山)。參考 MeruSumeruSineru

Nerutta (<nierutta)﹐語源學者,語言學者。

Nela nea (na+ea﹐梵anenas)1.【形】無缺點的,柔和的。nelapatī(=vatī)﹐【陰】柔和。2.【陽】一種花。

Neva (na+eva)﹐實在沒有。Neva…na﹐非非。

Nevāsika(< nivāsa, cp. BSk. naivāsika AvS.I,286, 287),【陽】【形】常住者,同室者(特指在醫院、監獄),居民(one who inhabits, an inmate; living in a place, local)

Nevidha, n’ev’idha, 無此。

Nesajjika,【形】維持坐姿的。

Nesā(na+esā),【陰..主】這不

Nesāda,【陽】獵人。

No1, (na的強調型(avadhārae))no ce, 如果不。na no, 絕不。

No2,【代】aha的【複.業】【複.屬】【複.與】。

Nonīta,【中】鮮奶油,熟酥

Nyāsa,【陽】抵押貸款,典當。

Nhātaka, nahātaka,【陽】沐浴,沐浴者。

Nhāna, nahāna,【中】沐浴。

Nhāyati, nahāyati, 沐浴。

Nhāru, nhāru,【陽】腱。

 

P

 

P, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第二十一個輔音字母。發音好像漢語中清音的 b

pa,  中略(可能是[peyyāla中略] 的縮寫)

Pa- (pra-)﹐【字首】1.出。2.在前。3.徹底。

Pasu,【陽】土壤,灰塵。pasukūla,【中】垃圾、廢棄物pasukūlacīvara,【中】糞掃衣(從垃圾堆得來的碎布所製成的袈裟)pasukūlika,【形】糞掃衣支苦行僧。

Pakaṭṭha,【形】最貴族的。

Pakata,【形】做,製造。pakatatta,【形】好行爲的,健全情況的。

Pakati,【陰】最初的形式,本性的形態,自然。pakatigamana,【中】平常的散步。pakaticitta,【中】本性心(指有分心)。【形】本性心的。pakatisīla,【中】本性的德行。Kv.p.615.Hañci Arahā pakaticitte hito parinibbāyati, no ca vata re vattabbe-- “Arahā āneñje hito parinibbāyatī”ti.(假如阿羅漢住立於本性心而入滅,你不應該說--阿羅漢住立於不動而入滅)

Pakatika,【形】(在【合】中) 性質的,天生的,天然的。

Pakappanā,【陰】評理,計劃,安排。

Pakappeti (pa+kapp(kp) +e), 【使】考慮,設計,安排(to arrange, fix, settle, prepare, determine, plan)。【過】pakappesi。【過pakappita。【獨】pakappetvā, pakappayitvā(=takkayitvā vitakkayitvā sakappayitvā Nd1 295)pakappayeyyu(3pl.opt.)

Pakampati (pa+kamp+a, BSk. prakampati), 戰慄,震動(to shake, quake, tremble)。【使】pakampeti。【過】pakampi。【過pakampita

Pakaraa,【中】場合,文學的作品,文學的說明。

Pakāra,【陽】種類,模式,方法,樣子。

Pakāraka(< pakāra) ,【形】種類的(of that kind)nānappakāraka,不同種類的

Pakāsa,【陽】光亮,報喜,解釋。pakāsaka,【陽】出版者,宣佈者,解釋者。

Pakāsati (pa+kās +a), 能看得見,被知道,照耀。【過】pakāsi。【過pakāsita

Pakāsana,【中】光亮,宣告,公開。

Pakāseti (pa+kās+e), 使知道,舉例說明,出版。【過】pakāsesi。【過pakāsita。【現pakāsenta。【獨】pakāsetvā

Pakiṇṇaka,【形】到處散佈的,各種的。

Pakitteti (pa+kitt+e), 高度評價,稱讚,。【過】pakittesi。【過pakittita。【現pakitteyenta。【獨】pakittetvā

Pakirati (pa+kir+a), 散佈,讓倒下,丟下。【過】pakiri。【過pakiṇṇa

Pakuppati (pa+kup+ya), 生氣。【過】pakuppi

Pakubbati (pa+kar+o, karo 被改成 kubba), 做,製造,運行。【現pakubbamāna

Pakopa(pa+kopa),【陽】激怒(agitation),憤怒,激動。

Pakopana,【形】使狂暴的,煽動的。cittappakopano,心悸動。

Pakka (pacati 的【過), 已成熟,已煮沸,已烹調,已衰退。【中】成熟的水果。

Pakkahita, Pakkaṭṭhita, Pakkuthita,【過】很熱,潛伏,煮沸(cooked up, boiled, boiling hot, hot)

Pakkama,【陽】pakkamana,【中】離開,走開。

Pakkamati (pa+kam(kram)超越+a), 向前走,走開。【過】pakkami。【過pakkanta。【現pakkamanta。【獨】pakkamitvā

Pakkāmi (pakkamati的【過完】), 他往前去了。

Pakkosati (pa+kus(kruś)大叫+a), 呼叫,召喚。【過】pakkosi。【過pakkosita。【獨】pakkositvā

Pakkosana,【中】pakkosanā,【陰】呼叫。

Pakkha,【陽】旁邊,黨,派系,身邊,側面,翅膀,半個月份。【形】信徒,和共事的。

Pakkha,【陽】跛子,跛足的人。

Pakkhandati (pa+khandh(skand)+a), 向前跳,跳上(to spring forward, to jump on)。【過】pakkhandi。【過pakkhanta。【獨】pakkhanditvā

Pakkhandana,【中】1.躍,跳(leaping, springing)2.攻擊,追(attack, assault, chasing)

Pakkhandikā,【陰】痢疾(dysentery),腹瀉(diarrhoea)

Pakkhandī,【陽】跳上者,吹噓。

Pakkhabilāla,【陽】果蝠(flying-fox)

Pakkhalati1(pa+kal), 洗,沖洗(to wash, cleanse) (ger. pakkhalya=dhovitvā). caus. pakkhāleti.

Pakkhalati2 (pa+khal+a) 絆倒、踉蹌、蹣跚(to stumble, trip, stagger)。【過】pakkhali。【過pakkhalita。【獨】pakkhalitvā

Pakkhāyati(pa+khyā, Ved. prakhyāyate; cp. khāyati & pakkha2),出現(to appear),明顯可見的(to be clearly visible)

Pakkhalana, pakkhalita,【中】絆倒。

Pakkhāleti (pa+khal(kal)+e), 洗,沖洗。【過】pakkhālesi。【過pakkhālita。【獨】pakkhāletvā

Pakkhika,【形】派系的,偏袒的,半個月份的。pakkhikabhatta,【中】半個月才給一次的食物。

Pakkhitta, (Pakkhipati的【過) 已放進,已丟進。

Pakkhipati (pa+khip+a), 放進,封住裝入,丟入。【過】pakkhipi。【現pakkhipanta。【獨】pakkhipitvā。【義】pakkhipitabba

Pakkhipana,【中】放進,丟入。

Pakkhiya,【形】成分的,派系的,偏袒的,半個月份的。參考 pakkhika

Pakkhī,【陽】鳥,有翼的。

Pakkhepa,【陽】放進,丟入。參考 Pakkhipana

Pakhuma,【中】睫毛(eyelash)

Pagabbha,【形】莽撞的,不計後果的。AA.10.77./V,54.Pagabbhoti pāgabbhiyena samannāgato.(莽撞的︰鹵莽的。)

Pagāḷha, (Pagāhati的【過) 跳入水,下沉,投入

Pagāhati (pa+gāh衝進+a), 跳入水,下沉,投入。【過】pagāhi。【現pagāhanta。【獨】pagāhitvā

Pagiddha (pagijjhati 的【過), 已貪婪著,已執著於。

Pagua(pa+gua cp. Sk. pragua straight, der. “kind”),【形】熟練的,練達的,熟知的,熟悉的(learned, full of knowledge, clever, wellacquainted, familiar.)paguabhāva, 熟練的狀態(familiarity with, acquaintance, efficient state, cleverness in, experience. knowledge)

Paguatā,【陰】Paguatta,【中】勝任( fitness, competence)DhsA.(CS:DhsA.pg.195)Paguatāti paguabhāvo, anāturatā niggilānatāti attho.(練達性:練達,無疾苦性,無病性之義。)

Pagumba,【陽】矮樹叢,繁茂處。

Pageva,【無】太早的,雖說不上的。

Payoga( pa+yuj, payuñjati) 1.方法,工具 (=karaa)2.準備,工作,練習

Payogatā (<payoga)【陰】專心(application to)

Paggahāti (pa+gah+hā), 舉起,拿起,堅持,支援,贊同,伸展,策勵,鞭策。【過】paggahi。【現paggahanta。【獨】paggahetvā, paggayha。【義】paggahetabba

Paggaha, paggāha,【陽】paggahaa,【中】努力,精力,提起,舉起,支援,贊助,策勵,鞭策。citta paggahāti padahati努力鞭策心

Paggahita (paggahāti 的【過), 已舉起,已伸展。

Paggharaa,【中】一滴一滴地流,滲出,滴。paggharaaka,【形】流動的,滲出的,一滴一滴地流的。

Paggharati (pa+ghar+a), 流動,滲出,滴下,滴流。【過】pagghari。【過paggharita。【現paggharanta。【獨】paggharitvā

Paghaa,【陽】臺階(房子前後門門前的臺階)

Paka,【陽】泥,泥沼,雜質,污穢。

Pakaja, pakeruha,【中】睡蓮,從泥中升起的。

Pagu, pagula,【形】【名】跛足的,跛子。

pac(pac)﹐【字根I.】煮沸(to boil),烹調(to cook)

pac﹐【字根VII.】消化(to digest)

Pacati (pac+a)(Ved. pacati), 烹調、折磨、煎熬(to cook, boil, roast, torment)。【過】paci。【過pacita, pakka。【現pacanta。【義】pacitabba。【獨】pacitvāCaus. pacāpeti & pācetiPass. paccati.

Pacana,【中】烹飪。

Pacarati (pa+car+a), 練習,觀察,走路。【過】pacari

Pacalāyati (pa+cal +āya), 困倦,打盹兒,打瞌睡(拄痀tuh ku,啄龜toh ku)。【過】pacalāyi

Pacalāyikā(abstr. fr. pacalāyati),【陰】打盹,打瞌睡(nodding, wavering (of the eyelids), blinking, being sleepy)

Pacāpeti (pacati 的【使】) 使烹調。【過】pacāpesi。【獨】pacāpetvā

Pacāyana

Pacāraka,【陽】處理者,令人知道者,出版者。

Pacāreti (pa+car+e), 處理,廣播,出版。【過】pacāresi。【過pacārita。【獨】pacāretvā

Pacālaka,【形】【中】搖擺的,震動的。pacālaka,【副】搖動地。kāyappacālaka,【中】搖晃身體。

Pacināti, pacinati, (pa在前+cināti積聚), 摘,拔去(雞、鴨等毛),採集,收集,堆積。【過】pacini。【現pacinanta3.未】pacessati。【現pacinanta

Pacura,【形】豐富的,各種不同的,許多的。

Pacessati,  [pacinati] 的【3.未】。

Paccakkosati (pati+ā+kus(kruś)大叫+a), 罵回。【過】paccakkosi

Paccakkha(pai對著+akkha),【形】顯然的,明白的,現量的,在眼前的,現見的,眼前(眼之所對),當面。paccakkhakamma,【中】實現,領會。

Paccakkhāti (pati+ā+khā+a), 駁回,拒絕,否認,放棄。【過】paccakkhāsi。【過paccakkhāta(opp. appaccakkhāta)。【獨】paccakkhāya

Paccakkhāna,【中】拒絕,退回,放棄。

Paccaggha,【形】昂貴的。

Paccaga,【中】分支,小支(區別於大支)

Paccati (pacati 的【被】), 被烹調,遭受。【過】pacci。【獨】paccitvā。【現paccamāna

Paccatta,【形】分開的,單獨的。paccatta,【副】個別地,單獨地。paccattavacana(prahamāaccusative)﹐主格。

Paccattharaa,【中】蓋子,覆蓋的東西,床單。

Paccatthika,【陽】敵人,對手,冤家。【形】反對,敵對的。rājapaccatthikā, 諸王冤家。corapaccatthikā, 諸賊冤家。dhuttapaccatthikā, 諸暴惡冤家。uppaagandhapaccatthikā, 諸取心臟(為祭祀用)冤家。

Paccana,【中】沸騰,遭受,苦楚。

Paccanīka,【形】相反的,顛倒的,否定的,不利的,障礙的,違義的。【陽】敵人,對手。

Paccanubhavati, paccanubhoti (pati+anu+bhū+a), 遭受,經歷,經驗。【過】paccanubhavi。【獨】paccanubhavitvā

Paccanubhūta (Paccanubhavati的【過), 已遭遇,已經歷。

Paccanta,【陽】國界,邊地,鄉下地方。paccantadesa,【陽】國家的近郊。paccantavāsin,【陽】村民,鄉下人。paccantavisaya,【陽】參考 paccantadesa

Paccantima,【形】邊疆的,在遠方的。

Paccaya(< pai+i, cp. Ved. pratyaya & P. pacceti, paicca),【陽】1.因素,動機,方法,支援。2.必需品(資具)Abl. paccayā as adv. by means of, through, by reason of, caused bypaccayatā,【陰】因果關係。paccayākāra,【陽】因素的模式(緣相),原因的起源。paccayuppanna,【形】有因素興起的。paccayasatti﹐【陰】緣力。AA.3.99./II,362.Yathāpaccaya vā kātunti yathā icchati, tathā kātu.(隨緣所作︰任意處置。)paccayadhamma﹐緣法。paccayuppannadhamma﹐緣所生法,緣生法。

Paccayika,【形】可信賴的。

Paccavekkhati (pai+ava+ikkh+a), 省思,省察,考慮,回顧,沉思。【過】paccavekkhi。【過paccavekkhita。【獨】paccavekkhitvā, paccavekkhiyaAA.10.48.paccavekkhitabbā oloketabbā sallakkhetabbā.(應省思︰應視察、應反省。)

Paccavekkhaa (pai+avekkhana, pratyavekaa),【中】paccavekkhaṇā,【陰】考慮,檢討,反省(looking at, consideration, regard, attention, reflection, contemplation, reviewing)paccavekkhaṇāvasitā﹐省察自在,能夠在出定後省察剛剛證得的禪那的能力。

Paccassosi (paissuṇāti 的【過】), 同意了,答應了。

Paccāsati (< pai+āśā or=paccāsasati or °sisati?), 問、請求(to ask, beg, pray)

Paccāsanne (pai+āsanne) ,【副】靠近(near by, PvA.216=280)

Paccāsā(pai+ āsā(āśā)希望, cp. Sk. pratyāśā),【陰】期待(expectation Vin.IV,286.)

Paccāsāreti(pai+ā+sāreti, Caus. of s)轉回(to make go (or turn) backward M.I,124=A.III,28 (=painivatteti C.); Vism.308 (sāreti pi p. pi))

Paccākata(pp. of pai+a+k),【過】已拒絕,已失望(rejected, disappointed)

Paccākoita(pp. of pai+ākoeti),【過】已使平滑,已燙(flattened or smoothed out, pressed, ironed)

Paccāgacchati (pati+ā+gam+a), 回返,回來,撤回。【過】paccāgacchi。【過 paccāgata。【獨】paccāgantvā

Paccāgata (pp. of paccāgacchati), 返回,抽離(gone back, withdrawn)

Paccāgamana(< pai+ā+gam),【中】返回,回來(return, going back, backsliding Miln.246.))

Paccācamati (pai+ā+camati; often spelt paccāvamati), (to swallow up, resorb)caus. paccācamāpeti.

Paccācikkhati (Intens. of paccakkhāti, pai+ā+cikkhati of khyā),拒絕(to reject, repudiate, disallow D.III,3; M.I,245, 428; Vin.IV,235.

Paccājāta(pp. of paccājāyati),再生(reborn, come to a new existence)

Paccājāyati (pati+ā+jan+ya), (轉世)再生(to be reborn in a new existence)。【過】paccājāyipaccājāta。【獨】paccājāyitvā

Paccāmitta(paccā=Sk. pratyak, adv.;+mitta, cp. Ep. Sk. pratyamitra),【陽】敵人,對手(lit. “back-friend,” adversary, enemy)

Paccāropeti (pai+āropeti檢舉)﹐反詰,頂嘴(to show in return, retort, explain)

Paccāsisati(pai+ā+sis+a), 期待,需要,等候( to expect, wait for, desire, hope for, ask)。【過】paccāsisi。【過paccāsisita。【現paccāsīsantagrd. paccāsīsitabba

Paccāharati (pai+ā+har+a), 拿回去(to bring back, take back)。【過】paccāhari。【過paccāhaa。【獨】paccāharitvā

Paccāhāra,【陽】原諒,道歉。

Paccuggacchati (pati+u +gam+a), 去會見。【獨】paccuggantvā

Paccuggamana,【中】去會見。

Paccuṭṭhāti (pai+uṭṭhāti(ud+sthā)起立﹑奮起), (表示敬禮地)起立(rise, reappear, to rise from one’s seat as a token of respect)。【過】paccuṭṭhāsi。【過paccuṭṭhita。【獨】paccuṭṭhāya

Paccuṭṭhāna,【中】尊敬,起立(rising from one’s seat, reverence D.I,125.)paccuṭṭhānaka,【形】出現的,産生的。

Paccuttarati (pai回﹑反+uttarati渡水而出), 渡水再出(to wipe off or down (with a cloth, colakena))。【獨】paccuttaritvāUdakapuñchani, “to wear out a robe”)

Paccupakāra(pai+uddhāra),【陽】幫回(taking up, casting (the lot) again)

Paccupaṭṭhahati ([pai]+[upa近﹑全部]+[sthā站立﹑存續] ), 1.全部存續(“to stand up before,” to be present)2.照顧,奉侍。【過paccupaṭṭhita。【使】paccupaṭṭhāpeti。【未被】paccupaṭṭhātabba

Paccupaṭṭhāti (pati+upa+hā (sthā) +a), 出席。【過】paccupaṭṭhāsi。【過paccupaṭṭhita。【獨】paccupaṭṭhitvā

Paccupaṭṭhāna(< pai+upa+hā (sthā)),【中】明白,現起,突然産生(appearance, happening, coming on, phenomenon)DhsA.(CS:p.106)Upaṭṭhānākāro vā phala vā paccupaṭṭhāna nāma.(產生現起或果,稱為現起)

Paccupaṭṭhāpeti (pati+upa+hā +āpe), [paccupaṭṭhahati全部存續﹑照顧] 的【使】,提交討論,提供,侍候

Paccuppanna, ([pai對﹑反﹑回+uppajjati被生] 的【過)。【陽】現在。【形】已存在的,當面的。Vism.431︰三種現在︰khaapaccuppanna,剎那現在(生、住、滅的三心剎那)santatipaccuppanna, 相續現在(包攝二或三速行的時間)addhāpaccuppanna, 一期現在(限於一生的期間)

Paccūsa,【陽】早晨。paccūsakāla,【陽】破曉。

Paccūsasamaya (paccūsa破曉+samaya時【陽】), 破曉時。

Paccūsasamaye (paccūsasamaya破曉時的【單,處】), 在破曉時。

Pacceka ( [pai]+[eka一、單獨] ),【形】分開的,各自的,各種不同的,單一的。pacceka,【副】個別地,個人地。

Paccekabuddha (pacceka獨一+buddha已覺者),【陽】辟支佛、獨覺(獨覺不一定觀緣起,所以不應稱「緣覺」)、已獨一覺者(沒有老師指導而自己獨自覺悟的人)

Paccekasambuddha (pacceka獨一+sambuddha已完全覺者),【陽】已獨一完全覺者。

Pacceti ([pati對﹑回]+[eti去﹑到﹑來]), 1.回到。2.緣,轉而依靠。【過】paccesi。【獨】paicca。【過paṭīta,  patīta

Paccorohati (pati++orohati下降), 下來,降。【過】paccorohi。【過paccorūḷha。【獨】paccorohitvāpaccoruyha

Paccosakkati (pati+ava+sakk+a), 撤退,撤回。【過】paccosakki。【過paccokkita。【獨】paccokkitvā

Paccosakkanā,【陰】撤退,退縮。

Pacchato,【無】來自後面,後面。【副】從以後。

Pacchanna (pacchādeti 的【過), 已覆蓋,已隱藏,已以包起來。

Pacchā,【無】然後。【副】以後。pacchājāta,【形】後生的,後起的。pacchānipātī,【陽】比其他更稍後退休者。pacchānutāpa,【陽】懊悔,後悔。pacchābāha,【副】手被綁在背後地。pacchābhatta,【副】在食後pacchābhāga,【陽】後邊的部份。【處】然後。pacchāsamaa,【陽】後沙門(走在長老背後,較小輩的出家人)

Pacchāgacchati (參考 [paccāgacchati回來﹑撤回] ),1.回來。2.撤回。

Pacchāgata,【過】返回。

Pacchāda,【陽】蓋子,二輪戰車的毯子。

Pacchānipātin (pacchā以後+nipātin就寢),【形】晚就寢。

Pacchānutappati (pacchā+anu+tap(tap)+a), 感到懊悔。【過】pacchānutappi

Pacchāpuresaññī (pacchā+pure+saññī想【形】),【形】前後想。

Pacchāyā (pa在前+chāyā),【陰】陰暗的部份,蔭涼處。

Pacchi,【陰】手提籃(菜籃)macchapacchi﹐魚籃。

Pacchijjati (pa+chid切斷+ya), 被打斷,被中斷。【過】pacchijji。【過pacchinna。【獨】pacchijitvā

Pacchijjana,【中】打岔,中止。

Pacchindati (pa+chid切斷+-a), 中斷,瓦解,結束。【過】pacchindi。【過pacchinna。【獨】pacchinditvā

Pacchima,【形】1.最後。2.最落後。3.西方的。pacchimaka,【形】1.最後的。2.最落後的。

Pacchimayāma (pacchima最後+yāma夜分), 最後夜分(2am~6am),凌晨。

Pacchedana,【中】切斷,打破。

paj﹐【字根VII.】駕駛(to drive)cp. (paj), 出發,開始(start)

Pajagghati (pa+jaggh+a), 高聲地笑(to laugh out loud)

Pajappati (pa+japp+a), 天真地說,懇求。【過】pajappi

Pajappā(pa先﹑前+jappā )﹐貪得無厭(repeatedly greed for)

Pajahati(pajahāti) (pa+hā放棄+a, ha 重疊,而前 h 被改成 j), 放棄(give up),退隱(renounce),遺棄(abandon, let go, get rid of)【過】pajahi, pahāsi。【過pajahita, pahīna。【獨】pajahitvā, pahāya, passim(=hitvā), pahatvāna, pajahitvā。【現pajaha, pajahanta。【未】pahāssapajahissati。【義】pahātabbapajahitabba【被】pahīyati《中部》《一切漏經》說,當七種捨離方法:1.有漏由()見而能捨離(āsavā dassanā pahātabbā)2.有漏由守護(六根)而能捨離(atthi āsavā savarā pahātabbā)3.有由受用(食衣住藥)而能捨離(atthi āsavā paisevanā pahātabbā)4.有由忍耐(寒暑飢渴等)而能捨離(atthi āsavā adhivāsanā pahātabbā)5.有由迴避(危險)而能捨離(atthi āsavā parivajjanā pahātabbā)6.有由遣除(欲念、瞋念、害念等)而捨離(atthi āsavā vinodanā pahātabbā)7.有由修習(七覺支)而能捨離(atthi āsavā bhāvanā pahātabbā)(M.2./I,7.)

Pajā,【陰】後裔,子孫,世代,人類。

Pajāpati,【陽】1.(人名)波闍波提(SA.11.3./I,341.︰「波闍波提(Pajāpatissa)︰他得到跟帝釋相同的色身和相同的的壽命,列為第二座。」)2.造物主。

Pajāpatī,【陰】(人名)波闍波提(佛教第一個比丘尼,世尊的姨母)

Pajānanā,【陰】知識,理解,辨別。

Pajānāti (pa+ñā +nā), 慧、知、詳悉。pajānātivijānāti(了別、了知)同義。(M.43./293.)

Pajāyati (pa+jan+ya), 出生,生産。【過】pajāyi

Pajāyana,【中】出生,存在。

Pajja,【中】1.詩,韻文。2.pajjabanda,【陽】詩。

Pajja1 (cp. Sk. padya) 【陽】道路,路徑(a path, road Sn.514; DA.I,262.)

Pajja2 (cp. Sk. padya & pādya belonging to the feet), 對腳有益的(foot-oil, foot-salve(=pādabbhañjana))

Pajjati (pad, Vedic padyate only in meaning “to come to fall,” later Sk. also “to go to”), (to go, go to; usually not in simplex, but only in compn with prefixes; as āpajjati, uppajjati, nipajjati etc. (vv. ll. paccati, pabbati, gacchati.))pp. panna (q.v.)

Pajjalati (pa+jal(jval)發光+a), 燃燒起來,燃燒(to burn (forth), blaze up, go into flame)。【過】pajjali。【過pajjalita。【現pajjalanta。【獨】pajjalitvā

Pajjalana,【中】燃發。

Pajjunna,【陽】雨雲,雨神。

Pajjota,【陽】燈,光,光彩。

Pajjhāyati (pa+jhā+ya), 悲痛不堪,懊悔不堪,深思。【過】pajjhāyi。【現pajjhāyanta

Pañca,【形】五的。pañcakalyāṇa,【中】五個美人標誌(即:頭髮,肉,牙齒,皮膚和年齡)pañcakāmagua,【陽】五欲。pañcakkhandha,【陽】五蘊(即:rūpa色、vedanā受、saññā想、sakhārā行、viññāṇa)pañcagorasa,【陽】五牛味(母牛的五種産品,即:牛奶,凝乳,酥油,鮮奶油和酸奶)pañcaga, pañcagika,【形】五支,無個部份所組成。pañcagulika, 五指印(手指浸過香水後,才打的五個指印)pañcacakkhu, pañcanetta,【形】五眼(有五種視覺)pañcacattāḷīsati,【陰】四十五。pañcacūḷaka,【形】五髻(有五個發結)pañcatisati,【陰】三十五。pañcadasa,【形】十五。pañcanavuti,【陰】九十五。pañcanīvaraa, 五蓋(五種禪修障礙,即:貪欲、瞋恚、惛沉.睡眠、掉舉.惡作、疑)pañcapaññāsati,【陰】五十五。pañcapatiṭṭhita,【中】五體投地(=paramanipaccākāro作最上的五體投地禮。即:以額,腰部,手肘,膝和腳來頂禮)pañcabandhana,【中】五縛。pañcabala,【中】五力(信、精進、念、定、慧)pañcamahāpariccāga,【陽】五大施捨(即:最尊貴的財富,兒子,老婆,王國和四肢)pañca-maṇḍala-namakkāra (namaskāra那謨悉羯羅),五體投地。pañcamahāvilokana,【中】五大觀(菩薩轉世前所作的五種調查,即:時間,大陸,地方,氏族和母親)pañcavaggiya,【形】五位一夥的(當喬達摩出家修苦行時,陪伴一起修行的五位比丘)pañcavaṇṇa,【形】五色的(即:藍,黃,紅,白,褐)pañcavīsati(pañca-viṃśati),【陰】二十五。pañca-viṃśati-bhava(), 二十五有:「四惡趣(為四)四天下天(并前為八)六欲天(并前為十四)梵天(并前為十五)無想天(并前十六)五淨居天(并前十七)初禪二禪三禪四禪等(并前合二十一)無色界四天。是名二十五有。」(《法門名義集》T54.204.1)

pañcasaṭṭhi,【陰】六十五。ekūnapañcasata,【中】四百九十九。pañcasata,【中】五百。pañcasattati,【陰】七十五。pañcasahassa,【中】五千。pañcasīla,【中】五戒(離殺生、離偷盜、離邪淫、離妄語、離飲酒)pañcahattha,【形】五腕尺的。pañca-smti()﹐五停心觀:即:()不淨觀( aśubhā-smti),觀()想死屍,對治自他色身之貪。()慈悲觀( maitri-smti),觀想眾生「離苦」、「願他們快樂」等,以對治瞋對治瞋恚。()緣起觀( idapratyayatā-pratītyasamutpāda-smti),又作因緣觀。乃觀想順逆之十二緣起,以對治愚癡。()界分別觀( dhātu-prabheda-smti),乃觀想十八界之諸法悉由地、水、火、風、空、識所和合,以對治我執之障。()數息觀( ānāpāna-smti),又作安那般那觀、持息念。《五門禪經要用法》中以念佛觀( buddhānusmti)取代界分別觀,稱為五門禪。

Pañcaka,【中】五個一組,五品。

Pañcakāmagua,【陽】五欲,五種欲。A.9.65./IV,458.“Pañcime, bhikkhave, kāmaguṇā. Katame pañca? Cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasahitā rajanīyā, sotaviññeyyā saddā …pe… ghānaviññeyyā gandhā… jivhāviññeyyā rasā… kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasahitā rajanīyā. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca kāmaguṇā.(眼所識知()之色為可意、可愛、可樂、可愛色、伴隨欲、可染。耳所聞之聲。鼻所嗅之香。舌所嘗之味。身所觸之觸為可愛、可樂、可意、愛色、引欲、可染。諸比丘!此為五種欲。)

Pañcakkhattu,【副】五次。

Pañcadvārāvajjanacitta【中】五門轉向心若所緣呈現於五根門(dvāra)其中之一把心轉向所緣的是五門轉向心其作用是轉向(āvajjana)呈現於五根門之一的目標它使五識之一(看、聽、嗅、嚐、觸)能夠隨後生起。

Pañcadhā,【副】以五方式。

Pañcavidha,【形】五倍。

Pañcasagā(<pañca+saga執著),【陽】五執著(複數)(五執著是染(rāga)(dosa)、癡(moha)、傲慢(māna)、見解(diṭṭhi)

Pañcasīla,【中】五戒(離殺生、離偷盜、離邪淫、離妄語、離飲酒)KhA.31. Agatoti ettha ca pāṇātipātassa pañca agāni bhavanti -- (1)pāṇo ca hoti, (2)pāṇasaññī ca, (3)vadhakacittañca paccupaṭṭhita hoti, (4)vāyamati, (5)tena ca maratīti.  Adinnādānassāpi pañceva-- (1)parapariggahitañca hoti, (2)parapariggahitasaññī ca, (3)theyyacittañca paccupaṭṭhita hoti, (4)vāyamati, (5)tena ca ādātabba ādāna gacchatīti.  Abrahmacariyassa pana cattāri agāni bhavanti-- (1)ajjhācariyavatthu ca hoti, (2)tattha ca sevanacitta paccupaṭṭhita hoti, (3)sevanapaccayā payogañca samāpajjati, (4)sādiyati cāti, tathā paresa dvinnampi.  Tattha musāvādassa (1)tāva musā ca hoti ta vatthu, (2)visavādanacittañca paccupaṭṭhita hoti, (3)tajjo ca vāyāmo, (4)paravisavādanañca viññāpayamānā viññatti pavattatīti cattāri agāni veditabbāni.  Surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānassa pana (1)surādīnañca aññatara hoti, (2)madanīyapātukamyatācittañca paccupaṭṭhita hoti, (3)tajjañca vāyāma āpajjati, (4)pīte ca pavisatīti imāni cattāri agānīti.  Evamettha agatopi viññātabbo vinicchayo.(從構成要素:在這些當中,殺生有五種條件:(1)是生物,(2)生物想,(3)現起殺心,(4)付之行動,(5)及因此而死。不與取也有五(種條件):(1)是他人所有物,(2)他人所有物想,(3)現起盜心,(4)努力,(5)以及因此而取可取之物。非梵行有四種條件:(1)交媾,(2)現起從事的心,(3)達到從事之緣的方式,(4)以及受()。後面兩者同樣(四條件)。這裡,當知虛誑語有四種條件:(1)是虛誑,(2)對那對象現起欺騙的心,(3)適當的努力,(4)以及轉起欺騙他人所知的表示。放逸原因的穀物酒、花果酒和酒精有這四條件:(1)穀物酒等其中之一,(2)現起想要喝酒的心,(3)從事適當的努力,(4)以及已喝入。如此乃從構成有素對所應知的抉擇。)

Pañcaso,【無】五個五個地,以五方式。

Pañcānantariya,【中】五無間業(五種重大的罪孽,犯了死後墮無間地獄,即:弑母,弑父,弑聖者〔阿羅漢〕,使佛身上充血,破和合僧)

Pañcābhiññā,【陰】五神通(即:神變智iddhividha,天耳界智dibbasotadhātuñāṇa,他心智cetopariyañāṇa,宿住隨念智pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇa,有情死生智sattāna cutūpapāte ñāṇa)

Pañcāvudha,【中】五武器(即:刀劍,矛,戰斧,弓,釘頭槌)

Pañcāsīti,【陰】八十五。

Pañcāha,【中】五天。

Pañjara,【陽】籠。

Pañjalika, pañjalī,【形】合掌,合十。

Pañña,【形】明智的,具有智慧的。(在【合】中)

Paññatā,【陰】(在【合】中) 有智慧的事實。

Paññatta, (paññāpeti 的【過)。已使知道,已宣佈,已準備(座位等)paññattāsane nisīdi.(已準備座位而坐)

Paññatti(=Paṇṇatti)(<paññāpeti),陰】指示,名字,概念,主意,規則(making known, manifestation, description, designation, name, idea, notion, concept)。兩種概念:「事務概念」(attha-paññatti通過概念表達某事務)與「名字概念」(nāmapaññatti表達該事務的名字或名稱)。概念(施設)有十二種︰1.tajjā-paññatti,適當的概念(勝義諦,取究竟法作為禪觀的對象)2.upādā-paññatti, 所造的概念(由勝義諦衍生出來的概念)3.samūha-paññatti, 集合的概念。4.jāti-paññatti, 生的概念(一般的概念)5.saṇṭhāna-paññatti,形狀的概念。6.disā-paññatti, 方位的概念。7.kāla-paññatti, 時間的概念。8.ākāsa-paññatti, 空間的概念。9.nimitta-paññatti, 相的概念(似相pabhāga-nimitta、取相uggaha-nimitta、遍作相parikamma-nimitta預備相)10.natthi-paññatti, 無有的概念。11.santati-paññatti, 連續的概念。12.saketa-paññatti, 世俗的概念。在《中部經》中,paññattisamaññā(名稱、稱呼)之語併用,在《相應部經》則與sakhā(稱、名稱)samaññā(名稱、稱呼)之語一起使用,並以paññatti-patha(施設路)而與nirutti-patha(詞路)adhivacana-patha(增語路)同時使用。在《長部經》則與samaññā, nirutti, vohāra(通稱)等語共用。《義釋》:sakhā samaññā paññatti vohāra nāma nāmakamma nāmadheyya nirutti vyañjana abhilāpa(稱、名稱、施設、通稱、名、名業、命名、詞、文(標記)、稱呼)

Paññavantu,【形】明智的,聰明的。

Paññā ( Prajñā, pa+ñā(jñā)),【陰】智慧,智慧,知識,洞察力( intelligence, comprising all the higher faculties of cognition)paññākkhandha,【陽】慧蘊(智力準則,修道證悟的最高知識)paññācakkhu,【中】慧眼。SA.35.1./II,354.Paññācakkhu nāma catusaccaparicchedakañāṇa, ya-- “cakkhu  udapādī”ti(S.56.11./V,422.Mv.I,11.) āgata.(稱為慧眼()四諦的分別智,那是來自--“生起慧眼)paññādhana,【中】慧財。paññābala,【中】慧力。paññāvimutti,【陰】慧解脫。paññāvuddhi,【陰】慧增上。paññāsampadā,【陰】慧具足。三慧,「聞所成慧」、「思所成慧」、「修所成慧」。(Vism 439) 《瑜伽師地論》(T30.780-1)說,聞慧(suta-mayā paññā聞所成慧),耳根由善知識聽聞法或文字來聞法所得的智慧;思慧(cintā-mayā paññā思所成慧),以從根源作意的方式,來通達法義;修慧(bhāvanā-mayā-paññā修所成慧),體證無常、苦、無我等法。

Paññāṇa,【中】標誌,告示,表徵。

Paññāta, (paññāyati 的【過)

Paññāpaka,【形】建議者,分配者,任命者。

Paññāpana,【中】公告,安排(位子等)

Paññāpeti (pa+ñā+āpe), 管理規則,設下規則,使知道,宣佈,準備( 位等)。【過】paññāpesi。【過paññāpita, paññatta。【現paññāpenta。【獨】paññāpetvācatuggua saghāṭi paññāpesi,你施設四摺僧伽梨。

Paññāpetu,【陽】整者,宣佈者。

Paññāyati (pa+ñā+ya), 出現,明顯化。【過】paññāyi。【過paññāta。【現paññāyamāna。【獨】paññāyitvā

Pañha,【三】問題,質詢。pañhavissajjana, pañhavyākaraa,【中】回答。

Paa,【陽】【中】布料,衣服。

Paaggi,【陽】還火(歸還的火)

Paaga,【陽】蚱蜢、蝗蟲(grasshopper)

Paala,【中】1.蓋子,薄膜,襯裡,封套,皮,膜(a covering, membrane, lining, envelope, skin, film)(maṁsapaala, of the liver, where KhA 54 reads maṁsa-piṇḍa), (phaṇapaala); (akkhipaala眼翳);(samuppaṭana), 55 (udarapaala, mucous membrane of the stomach); (kappāsapaala, film of cotton seed)2.屋頂(roof, ceilingayopaala鐵皮屋頂)3.一堆,一片(a heap, massmeghapaala一片雲;abbhapaala大量的雲). (madhupaala, honey comb)4.白內障(cataract of the eye)

Paṭalika(<paṭala),【形】繡花的毛織被單(belonging to a cover or lining, having or forming a cover or lining, as adj. said of sandals (ekapaṭalika with single lining) J II.277 (v. l. for ekatalika).)

Paalikā,【陰】繡花的毛織被單(a woven cloth, a woollen coverlet (embroidered with flowers), usually combd with paṭikā)

Paaha(cp. Epic Sk. paṭaha),【陽】半球形銅鼓,戰鼓(a kettle-drum, war drum)DhsA.319.說兩種鼓︰mahābheri大鼓、paṭahabheri戰鼓。

Paṭāka(cp. Sk. paṭāka, connected with paṭa),【中】旗子(a flag)

Paṭāṇi, at Vin.IV,46 (paṭāṇi dinnā hoti) is not clear, it is expld by Bdhgh as “mañcapidhānaṁ (for paṭāṇipīṭhānaṁ) pādasikhāsu āṇi dinno hoti.” At DA.I,77.“visūkaṁ paṭānibhūtaṁ dassanan ti visūkadassanaṁ, “ and at DhsA.393: “paṭāni-gahaṇaṁ gahetvā ekapaden’eva taṁ nissaddaṁ akāsiṁ.”

pai-, pati-, ( prati),【字首】逆,相反,回,反對。

Paikakha (pai相反+ kakh (kāṅk)欲望), 【義】可被期待的。

Paikakhati (pai相反+ kakh(kāṅk)欲望+-a), 願,渴望。【過】paikakhi。【過paikakhita

Paikaṇṭaka,【形】不利的,相對的,懷敵意的,有敵意的。【陽】敵人。

Paikamma,【中】矯正,贖罪。

Paikata (paikaroti 的【過), 已糾正。

Paikara,【形】抵銷的,矯正的,贖罪的。apaikara,【反】。

Paikaroti (pai相反+kar+o), 發露(懺悔),糾正,贖罪,違反。【過】paikari。【現paikarontaaccaya accayato disvā yathādhamma paikaroti, 於過見過而如法懺悔。

Paikassati (pai相反+ka +a), 倒退,丟回。【過】paikassi。【過paikassita

Patikāra,【陽】抵抗,補救,償還(日語:へんさい,返済)

Paikujjati (pai+kuj (kubj)+a), 俯身(to bend over),遮沒,倒轉。

Paikujjana,【中】遮蓋物(covering)

Paikujjeti (pai+kuj +e), 遮沒,倒轉。【過】paikujjesi。【過paikujjita。【獨】paikujetvā, paikujitvā, paikujjiya

Paikujjhati (pai+kudh生氣+ya), 倒生氣。

Paikuṭṭha,【過】已輕蔑,已誹謗,該受責備的。

Paṭikūlatā(<paṭikkūla),【陰】嫌惡(disgustiveness Vism 343 sq.)

Paikkanta, (paikkamati 的【過)已向後行走,已回去。

Paikkama,【陽】去到旁邊,回去。paikkamosāna(paikkama回去+osāna停止)﹐減緩。paikkamosāna paṅṅāyati no abhikkamo(知道()減緩不前進(增加))

Paikkamati (pai+kam(kram)+a), 向後行走(to step backwards)回去(to return)。【過】paikkami。【現paikkamanta。【獨】paikkamitvā

Paikkamana,【中】回去,引退。paikkamanasālā,【陰】休息室。

Paikkamma,【獨】到旁邊去。

Paikkūla,【形】討厭的,不愉快的,該反對的。paikkūlatā,【陰】不願,討厭。paikkūlasaññā,【陰】厭(有不淨的意識)

Paikkosanā,【陰】抗議。

Paikkosati (pai+kus(kruś)大叫+a), 責備,拒絕,輕蔑,辱駡(to blame, reject, revile, scorn, =paṭibāhati DA.I,160)。【過】paikkosi。【過paikkuṭṭha。【獨】paikkositvā。【義】appaikkositabba(無可責難的appaikkositabbatañca, Sp.Pārā.I,243.)

Paikkhipati (pai+khip(kṣip)+a), 否決(refused),拒絕(rejected)杜絕。【過】paikkhipi。【過paikkhitta。【獨】paikhipitvā, paikkhippa

Paikkhepa(fr. paṭi+kṣip),【陽】拒絕(opposition),否認(negation),異議(contrary)Gambhīroti uttānapaikkhepavacanameta.(深的︰此是與明顯相反之說。) SnA 228 for “na”, 502; PvA.189 (paikkhepavacana the opp. expression).

Paigacca,【獨】預先。

Paṭigacchati(pai+gacchati), 棄,離開(to give up, leave behind)

Paigijjhati (pai+gidh+ya), 渴望,需要,貪婪化。【過】paigijjhi。【過paigiddha。參考 Gijjhati

Paigūhati (pai+gūh+a), 隱藏,隱瞞。【過】paigūhi。【過paigūhita。【獨】paigūhitvā

Paiggaha,【陽】痰盂。

Paiggahana,【中】接受,接待,拿。paiggahanaka,【形】收受的,接收者,能保持的。

Paiggahāti(paṭigaṇhāti) (pai+gah+hā), 拿,接收,接受,領受(to receive, accept, take (up))。【過】paiggahi。【過paiggahita。【現paiggahanta。【獨】paiggahetvā, paiggahiya, paiggayha。【使】paiggahetiaccayaṁ paṭiggaṇhāti﹐接受懺悔過失(to accept (the confession of) a sin, to pardon a sin)

Paiggahaa,中】接受,接待,拿。參考 Paiggahana

Paiggahetu,【陽】paiggāhaka,【陽】接受者,接收者,拿者。

Paigha(pai + gha (ghan的接尾詞=han殺﹑擊、接觸)),【陽】【中】反擊、抵抗(resistive),厭惡(repulsion),反感(repugnance)cf. sappaigha,有對(有質礙)

Paighāta(paṭi相反+ghāta),【陽】敲擊(warding off),厭惡(repulsion),反擊(beating off),忿怒(resentment)防禦,對抗

Paighosa,【陽】回聲。

Paṭicaya, Paṭicaya, & Paṭiccaya (paṭi+caya) 增加,堆積,累積(adding to, heaping up, accumulation, increase)

Paicarati (pai相反+car移動+a), 轉向(to wander about),避開話題(to go about or evade (a question))aññena aññaṁ paicarati(顧左右而言他﹐to be saved by another in another way; to receive a difference, answer to what is asked)。【過】paicari

Paicodeti (pai相反+cud+e), 責備,倒回責備。【過】paicodesi。【過paicodita。【獨】paicodetvā

Paicca (ger. of pacceti依靠, paṭi+i; cp. BSk. pratītya),【不、獨】因爲,由於,關於(grounded on, on account of, concerning, because)paiccasamuppanna,【形】因緣關係的。paiccasamuppāda,【陽】緣起paiccasamuppannā dhammā﹐緣生法、因緣所生法。dvādasa paiccasamuppādagāni﹐十二支緣起。

Paiccasamuppāda,【陽】緣起(即因緣法)Vism.520-1.So hi yasmā patīyamāno hitāya sukhāya ca savattati, tasmā paccetumarahanti na paṇḍitāti paicco.  Uppajjamāno ca saha sammā ca uppajjati, na ekekato, nāpi ahetutoti samuppādo.  Eva paicco ca so samuppādo cāti paiccasamuppādo. Apica saha uppajjatīti samuppādo, paccayasāmaggi pana paicca apaccakkhāyāti evampi paiccasamuppādo.(此緣起,因為瞭解它有助於利益和幸福,故智者值得去領解(paccetum),是名為「緣」(paticcapacceti=pai+īpacceti it=paicca),生起之時,是俱(saha)(生起uppajjati)而非單獨,是正(samma)生起(uppajjati)而非無因,是名為「起」(samuppado))《俱舍論》:「此中緣起(pratityasamutpāda)是何句義?鉢刺底(prat)是至義。醫底(itya)界是行義,由先助力界義轉變,故行由至轉變成緣。參(sam)是和合義。嗢(ut)是上升義。鉢地(pāda)界是有義,有藉合升轉變成起,由此有法至於緣已和合升起,是緣起義。」(T29.50.1) S.12.20./II,25~27.(cf.《雜阿含296經》)說「緣起」:hitāva sā dhātu dhammaṭṭhitatā dhammaniyāmatā idappaccayatā(()住於界,法住、法決定性,即是此緣性)SA.12.20.hitāva sā dhātūti hitova so paccayasabhāvo, na kadāci jāti jarāmaraassa paccayo na hoti. (()住於界:它住立於因緣的自性,不會某時沒有生緣老死())Dhammaṭṭhitatā dhammaniyāmatāti imehipi dvīhi paccayameva katheti. Paccayena hi  paccayuppannā dhammā tiṭṭhanti, tasmā paccayova “dhammaṭṭhitatā”ti  vuccati. Paccayo dhamme niyameti, tasmā “dhammaniyāmatā”ti  vuccati.(法住、法決定性:具有這兩種因緣論,的確,以因緣、已再生緣,從此因緣,法住性。在法上緣的確定,稱為決定性。) Idappaccayatāti imesa jarāmaraṇādīna paccayā idappaccayā, idappaccayāva idappaccayatā.( 此緣性:這些老死等諸緣的此緣,以此緣稱為此緣性。)。《瑜伽師地論》:「無始時來展轉安立,名為法性。由現在世(因果次第),名為法住。由過去世(因果次第),名為法定。由未來世(因果次第),名法如性。」(T30.833.1)

  緣起偈(S.12.37.S.12.61.~62S.55.28.)Iti imasmi sati ida hoti, imassuppādā ida uppajjati; imasmi asati ida na hoti, imassa nirodhā ida nirujjhati.’ (此有故彼有(在此存在時,彼變成),「此生故彼生(由於此的被生,彼被生);「此無故彼無(在此無存在時,彼無有),「此滅故彼滅(由於此的滅,彼被滅))

Abs.tabbhāvabhāvībhāvākāramattopalakkhito paiccasamuppādanaya,( < ta+ bhāva+ bhāvī+ bhāva+ ākāra+ matta + upalakkhito)緣起(的方)法是:「依靠其它法,而有為法純粹只是發生」,而被賦予特性。(tabbhāva,其他的法,bhāvī(將成爲的法)有為法,bhāvākāramatta純粹只是發生,upalakkhito被賦予特性、辨別;paiccasamuppāda緣起nayo方法)

S.12.2./II,2.“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paiccasamuppādo? Avijjāpaccayā, bhikkhave, sakhārā; sakhārapaccayā viññāṇa; viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpa; nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatana; saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso; phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā tahā; tahāpaccayā upādāna; upādānapaccayā bhavo; bhavapaccayā jāti jātipaccayā jarāmaraa sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.(無明緣行(無明為緣生起諸行’)行緣識(諸行為緣生起’)識緣名色(為緣生起名色’)名色緣六入(名色為緣生起六入’)六入緣觸(六入為緣生起’)觸緣受(為緣生起’)受緣愛(為緣生起’)愛緣取(為緣生起’)取緣有(為緣生起’)有緣生(為緣生起’)為緣而生起老與死、愁、悲、苦、憂、惱,這樣這是全部苦蘊的集就是因為無明滅無餘而行滅,因為諸行滅而識滅,因為識滅而名色滅,因為名色滅而六入滅,因為六入滅而觸滅,因為觸滅而受滅,因為受滅而愛滅,因為愛滅而取滅,因為取滅而有滅,因為有滅而生滅,因為生滅而老死、愁、悲、苦、憂、惱滅,這樣這是一切苦蘊的滅)

Paicchati (pai+isu+a), 接受接收。【過】paicchi。【過paicchita。【獨】paicchitvā, paicchiya。【使】paicchāpeti

Paicchanna, (paicchādeti 的【過)已遮沒,已隱藏,已隱瞞。A.2.3./I,60.說:“Paicchannakammantassa bhikkhave, dvinna gatīna aṅṅatarā gati pāṭikakhā--nirayo vā tiracchānayoni vāti.(造覆藏()業之人,應預期二趣之隨一趣:地獄或傍生。) Pāci.IV,269Paicchanno nāma okāso kuṭṭena vā kavāṭena vā kilañjena vā sāṇipākārena vā rukkhena vā thambhena vā kotthaiyā vā yena kenaci paicchanno hoti.(隱密處︰或圍牆,或窗戶,或草席,或(麻布製的)屏壁,或樹,或柱子,或粗布袋(?),任何這些空間是隱密處。)

Paicchādaka,【形】隱藏的,作掩護的,模糊的。paicchādana,【中】隱蔽,遮蓋物。

Paicchādaniya,【中】肉湯,肉汁。

Paicchādeti (pai+chad+e), 遮沒,隱藏,隱瞞。【過】paicchādesi。【過paicchādita, paicchanna。【現paicchādenta。【獨】paicchādetvā, paicchādiya。【不】paicchādetu

Paicchādika,【形】隱藏的。vajjappaicchādikā, 隱藏罪的。

Paicchādī(< paṭicchādeti),【陰】1.庇護,掩護,隱藏(covering, protection)2.矯正方法(antidote, remedy, medicine (or a cloth to protect the itch))

Paijaggaka,【陽】養育者,教育者,看護者。

Paijaggati, (pai+jag +a), 看守,照顧,護理,滋養,修理,清理。【過】paijaggi。【過paijaggita。【獨】paijaggitvā, paijaggiya

Paijaggana,【中】養育,收養,管理,照料,修理。paijagganaka,【形】看護的,照料的。

Paijaggiya,【形】可以被看護的,可以被修理的。

Paijānāti (pai+ñā+ā), 承認,答應,同意。【過】paijāni。【過paiññāta。【現paijānanta。【獨】paijānitvā

Paiñña,【形】(在【合】中,例:samaapaiñña), 假裝的。

Paiññā,【陰】諾言,誓約,同意,許可,表白。中國人謹慎處世的至理名言「有言在先」。

Paiññāta, (patijānāti的【過) 承認,答應,同意。

Paidadāti (pai+dā+a), 歸還,回復。【過】paidadi。【過paidadinna。【獨】paidadatvā

Paidaṇḍa,【陽】報應,報償。

Paidasseti (pai+dis指出+e), 現身,再出現。【過】paidassesi。【過paidassita。【獨】paidassetvā

Paidāna,【中】獎賞,歸還。

Paidissati (pai+dis指出+ya), 被看到,出現。【過】paidissi

Paideseti (pai+dis指出+e), 承認,悔過,認過。【過】paidesi。【過paidesita。【獨】paidesetvāgrd. paidesetabba

Paidhāvati (pai+dhāv+a), 跑回去,跑近。【過】paidhāvi。【獨】paidhāvitvā

Painandati (pai+nand歡喜+a), 很高興,高興地接受。【過】painandi。【過painandita。【獨】painanditvā

Painandanā,【陰】高興。

Paināsikā,【陰】假鼻。

Painivatta (painivattati的【過), 已回返,已回來。

Painivattati (pai+ni+vat+a), 再折回。【過】painivatti。【獨】painivattitvā

Painissagga,【陽】放棄,丟棄,對之無執著,捨遣,定棄《清淨道論大疏》(Vism-mhCS:p.1.79):「對諸行轉起對之無執著的隨觀,稱為對之無執著。」(Sakhārāna painissajjanākārena pavattā anupassanā painissaggānupassanā.)(Vism-mhCS:p.2.442):「對之無執著:遍捨、跳出,兩種對之無執著。」(Painissaggasaddo pariccāgattho, pakkhandanattho cāti painissaggassa duvidhatā vuttā.)

Painissajjati (pai+ni+saj+ya), 放棄,棄絕,抛棄( to give up, renounce, forsake)。【過】painissajji。【過painissaṭṭha。【獨】painissajitvā, painissajjiya

Paineti (pai+nī +a), 引回去。【過】painesi。【過painīta。【獨】painetvā

Paipakkha(pai+pakkha),【形】對治的,反對的,相反的(opposed, opposite)。【】敵人,對手(an enemy, opponent)paipakhika, 有敵意的,對立黨派的。《清淨道論》(Vism.141)Tathā hi samādhi kāmacchandassa paipakkho, pīti byāpādassa, vitakko thinamiddhassa, sukha uddhaccakukkuccassa, vicāro vicikicchāyāti peake vutta.(《彼多迦》(Peaka)中說:三昧對治慾欲,喜對治瞋恚,尋對治惛沉睡眠,樂對治掉舉惡作,伺對治疑。)

Paipajjati (pai+pad+ya), 邁向,上路,啟程,前進,跟隨一個方法。【過】paipajji。【過paipanna。【現paipajjamāna, paipajjanta。【獨】paipajitvā

Paipajjana,【中】過,練習,遵守。

Paipaṇṇa,【中】回復信。

Paipatti,【陰】操行,練習,行爲,修行。

Paipatha,【陽】相反方向,前方。

Paipadā (pai+pad(pad)去、走),【陰】行道(行爲的線路),進行的方式。pāṭipadadivasa,【陽】【中】隔天。A.4.161-162.說四種行(catasso paipadā)Dukkhā paipadā dandhābhiññā(苦遲通行=貪瞋癡熾盛,五根弱,證道遲), dukkhā paipadā khippābhiññā(苦速通行=貪瞋癡熾盛,五根強,證道速), sukhā paipadā dandhābhiññā(樂遲通行=貪瞋癡不熾盛,五根弱,證道遲), sukhā paipadā khippābhiññā(樂速通行=貪瞋癡不熾盛,五根強,證道速)A.4.164.另說四種行:akkhamā paipadā(不堪忍行=以罵報罵等), khamā paipadā(堪忍行=不以罵報罵等), damā paipadā(調伏行=護諸根,眼見色不取於相), samā paipadā(寂靜行=不容納已生之欲尋,斷之、除之、息之、遠之、令滅亡)āgamanīyapaipada pucchati, 經過行道查究。

Paipanna, (patipajjati 的【過) 已回擊

Paippassaddha(pp. of paippassambhatiBSk. form is pratiprasrabdha), allayed, calmed, quieted, subsided .

Paippassaddhi (<paippassaddha),【陰】subsidence, calming, allaying, quieting down, repose, complete ease

Paipassambhitatta,【中】使回到輕安狀態

Paipaharati (pai相反+pa+har+a), 回擊。【過】paipahari。【過paipahaa。【獨】paiparitvā

Paipahiṇāti (pai+pa+hi+ṇā), 送回。【過】paipahii。【過paipahita。【獨】paipahiitvā

Paipāṭi,【陰】次序,一連串的人或事。paipāṭiyā,【副】井然有序地,連續地,一個接一個地。

Paipādaka,【陽】1.安排者,提供者。2.床的支架。

Paipādeti (pai+pad+e), 帶進,安排,提供。【過】paipādesi。【過paipādita。【獨】paipādetvā

Paipīḷana(<paṭipīḷeti),【中】擁抱、壓抑、壓迫(oppression)DhA.v.278.CS:pg.2.256.dukkhāti paipīḷanaṭṭhena dukkhā.(︰即以壓迫之義稱為苦。)

Paipīḷeti (pai+pīḷ虐待+e), 壓迫。【過】paiīḷesi。【過paipīḷita。【獨】paipīḷetvā

Paipuggala,【陽】對手,夥伴,匹配。

Paipucchati (pai+pucch詢問+a), 反問(反詰),深究。【過】paipucchi。【過paipucchita

Paipucchā,【陰】反問的問題。

Paipūjanā,【陰】尊敬,敬意。

Paipūjeti (pai+pūj禮拜+e), 尊敬,崇敬。【過】paipūjesi。【過paipūjita。【獨】paipūjetvā

Paipeseti (pai+pes +e), 送回,送出去。

Paippassaddha (< pai + sambh(śrambh)使平靜、平息;sambh at Dhtp 214 in meaning “vissāsa”信賴), (paippassambhati 的【過)回到輕安。Paippassaddhi (<paippassaddha回到輕安(【過),【陰】回到輕安

Paippassambhati (pai+pa+sambh+a), 回到輕安。【過】paippassambhi

Paippassambhanā,【陰】回到輕安。參考 paippassaddhi

Paippharati (pai+sphur)﹐反對,敵對。

Paibaddha, (paibandhati 的【過), 已被所綁,已依靠,已被所吸引。paibaddhacitta,【形】迷住的,被愛所綁的。eka-jāti-pratibaddha(),一生補處(一生所繫菩薩,即下一生就要成佛。彌勒菩薩還不一定是一生補處)

Paibandhu (pai+bandhu親戚) 親戚(a relation, relative)

Paibala,【形】能幹的,適當的,勝任的。

Paibāhaka,【形】逐退的,防止的,預防者(antidote Miln.335; repelling, preventing)

Paibāhati (pai+vah(*bāh)+a), 擋住,規避,讓開,拒絕,責備(to ward off, keep off, shut out, hold back, refuse, withhold, keep out, evade)(=paṭikkosati , DA.I,160)。【過】paibāhi。【過paibāhita。【現paibāhanta。【獨】paibāhitvā, paibāhiya

Paibāhā,【陰】擋住,規避。

Paibāhiya (grd. of paibāhati), 擋住,規避,讓開(to be kept off or averted) 【中】appaibāhiya(J.IV,152.)

Paibimba (pai+bimba),【中】副本,圖像,反映(counterpart, image, reflection)paibimbita,【形】反映的。

Paibujjhati (pai+budh+ya), 理解,醒來(to wake up, to understand, know)。【過】paibujjhi。【獨】paibujhitvā

Paibuddha (Patibujjhati的【過), 已醒來。

Paibhaya (pai+bhaya),【中】害怕,恐怖,驚駭(fear, terror, fright)

Paibhāga (pai+bhāga),【形】等於,相似的,相對稱(counterpart, likeness, resemblance)。【陽】相似物,相似處。paibhāganimitta似相、相似相(counterpart sign燦爛而透明的相,呈現:棉花、氣流、明亮的紅寶石、明亮的珍珠、晨星、煙 、雲 、蓮花、車輪、月亮、太陽時,這就是似相。);修習十遍禪(kasia)、十不淨、入出息隨念及身至念的二十二種禪法可得到似相(穩定的禪相),得近行定(upacārasamādhi)appaibhāga﹐不相似的。《廣釋》(Vibhv.CS:p.258)Tappaibhāga vaṇṇādikasiadosarahita nimitta upacārappanāna ārammaattāti paibhāganimitta.(似相這相似的()色遍等毫無瑕疵的相,為近行()、安止()的所緣。)

Paibhāti (pai+bhā+a), 顯露(to appear),想到(to come into one’s mind),被證實(to be evident)。【過】paibhāsi

Paibhāna (pai+bhāna. Cp. late Sk. pratibhāna),【中】機智,敏捷,準備就緒演講,智力(understanding, illumination, intelligence; readiness or confidence of speech, promptitude, wit)paibhāṇavantu,【形】有機智的。appaibhāna,【形】迷惑的,無信心(bewildered, not confident, cowed down)

Paibhāsati (pai+bhās(bhās)+a), 致辭,答覆(to address in return or in reply)。【過】paibhāsi

Paimagga(pai+magga, cp. similarly paipatha),【陽】逆途,來路( the way against, a confronting road)

Paimaṇḍita (pp. of pai+maṇḍ(maṇḍ)) (painaṇḍeti 的【過), 已用裝飾,已由組成(decorated, adorned with)sabbābharaapaimaṇḍito, 盛裝。

Paimalla(pai+malla),【陽】對手,摔交對手(a rival wrestler)

Paimā(<pai+mā),【陰】圖像,圖形。

Paimāneti (pai+mān+e), 尊敬,等待。【過】paimānesi。【過paimānānita。【獨】paimānetvā

Paimāreti(pai+caus. of m), 怒殺(to kill in revenge)

Paimukka (Paimuñcati的【過), 已使披上,已扣緊在,已被用帶(或繩子等)繫住在。

Paimuñcati (pai+muc釋放+-a), 穿上(衣服),扣緊,綁。【過】paimuñci。【獨】paimuñcitvā

Paiyādeti (pai+yat+e), 準備,安排,交出,供應。【過】paiyādesi。【過paiyādita, paiyatta。【獨】paiyādetvā

Paiyodha,【陽】懷敵意的戰士,反攻。

Pairāja,【陽】懷敵意的國王。

Pairūpa, patirūpa,【形】適合的,適當的。patirūpadesavāsa﹐住處應適宜。patirūpadesavāso nāma yattha catasso parisā vicaranti, dānādīni puññakiriyavatthūni vattanti, navaga satthu sāsana dibbati, tattha nivāso sattāna puññakiriyāya paccayattā magalanti vuccati.(住處應適宜:無論何處有四眾(比丘、比丘尼、優婆塞、優婆夷)走動,可做布施等功德處,有「九分教」的輝煌,說該處居民有作福因緣說為吉祥。)

Pairūpaka, patirūpaka,【形】相似的,假扮成的,看起來像的。

Pairūpatā,【陰】外觀,相似物,適切性。

Pailaddha, (Pailabhati的【過) 獲得,接受,取得。

Pailabhatipailabbhati (pai+labh+a), 獲得,接受,取得(to obtain, receive, get)。【過】pailalabhi。【現pailabhanta。【獨】pailabhitvā, pailaladdhāpret. 3rd pl. paccaladdhasu(paccalatthasu). aor. 1st sg. pailacchi. Caus. pailābheti.

Pailābha,【陽】達到,取得,獲得。

Pailīna(pailīyati 的【過),遠離。A.4.38./II,41.Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno asmimāno pahīno hoti ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvakato āyati anuppādadhammo. Eva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu patilīno hoti.…Panuṇṇapaccekasacco, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘samavayasaṭṭhesano passaddhakāyasakhāro patilīno’ti vuccatī”ti.(世間有比丘,斷我慢,切斷其根,如截斷多羅樹頭,令滅亡,當來不生。諸比丘!比丘有如是遠離(patilino)遣除各別之見取,正確捨棄一切愛,身行輕安,名為遠離。)

Pailīyati (pai+lī執著+ya), 倒退,遠離。【過】pailīyi。【過pailīna。【獨】pailīyitvāpailīnanisabha, 【陽】人中最好的人。

Pailīyana,【中】防範,倒退。

Pailoma,【形】顛倒的,相對的,相反的。pailomapakkha,【陽】反對黨,反對派。

Paivacana,【中】答案答覆。

Paivattana,【中】倒退折回。

Paivattiya,【形】被折轉的,被擊退的。

Paivattu,【陽】反對者,反駁者。

Paivatteti (pai+vat+e), 擊退,折回。【過】paivattesi。【過paivattita。【獨】paivattetvā, paivattiya

Paivadati (pai+vad+a), 回答,答覆,反對。【過】paivadi。【過paivutta。【獨】paivatvā, paivaditvā

Paivasati (pai+vas+a), 居住。【過】paivasi。【過paivuttha。【獨】paivasitvā

Paivāta﹐逆風。paivāta,【副】逆風地。

Paivāda,【陽】反駁,反詰(retort, recrimination)

Paivisa(pai-asa with euphonic consonant v instead of y (pai-y-asa) and assimilation of a to i (paiyisa> paivisa)),【陽】部份。

Paivijjha (grd. of paivijjhati),【形】貫通的。【反】duppaivijjha

Paivijānāti (pai+vi +ā+nā), 認可,知道。【過】paivijāni

Paivijjhati (pai+vidh(vyadh / vidh)貫穿+ya), 貫通,透徹,看穿,瞭解(to pierce through, penetrate (lit. & fig.), intuit, to acquire, master, comprehend)。【過】paivijjhapaccavyādhi。【獨】paivijjhapaivijjhitvā。【現paivijjhanta3rd pl. paccavidhu。【過paividdhaMv.I,40., 42paccabyattha padamasoka, 你已到達無憂處。

Paividita (paivijānāti 的【過), 已知道,已確定( known, ascertained)

Paividdha (paivijjhati 的【過), 已看穿(being or having penetrated or pierced),已瞭解(having acquired, mastering, knowing)

Paivineti (BSk.Praivineti), (pai+vi+nī ), 驅逐,除去,征服(to drive out, keep away, repress, subdue)。【過paivinīta。【義】paivineyya

Paivinodana(<paivinodeti),【中】移掉,開除,逐出(removal, driving out, explusion)

Paivinodaya(<paivinodeti),【形】【中】驅散,除去,擺脫(dispelling, subduing, riddance, removal)duppaivinodaya, 易擺脫(hard to dispel)。【獨】paivinodayitvā(=pavinodayitvā)

Paivinodeti (pai+vi+nud+ecp. BSk. prativinudati), 驅散,除去,擺脫。【過】paivinodesi。【過paivinodita。【獨】paivinodetvā

Paivibhajati (pai+vi+bhaj +a), 分開,定義(analysed)。【過】paivibhaji。【過paivibhatta。【獨】paivibhajitvā

Paivirata, (Paiviramati的【過】;cp. BSk. prativiramati) 戒除(abstaining from, shrinking from (with Abl.))appaivirata﹐不戒除

Paivirati (<paivirata),【陰】戒除(abstinence from)

Paiviramati (pai+vi+ram+a), 戒除(to abstain from)。【過】paivirami。【現paiviramanta。【獨】paiviramitvā

Paivirujjhati (pai+vi+rudh成長+ya), 抗拒,懷敵意,反駁(to act hostile, to fall out with somebody, to quarrel (saddhi) )。【過】paivirujjhi。【獨】paivirujjhitvā。【過paiviruddha

Paiviruddha (paivirujjhati的【過】;cp. BSk. prativiruddha rebellious ), 已反對,已相抵觸(obstructed or obstructing, an adversary, opponent)

Paivirūhati (pai+vi+ruh上升+a), 再生長(to grow again)。【過】paivirūhi。【過paivirūḷha。【獨】paivirūhitvā

Paivirodha(pai+virodha障礙),【陽】敵意(hostility, enmity, antagonism),反對派。

Paivisiṭṭha(pai+visiṭṭha), 奇異(peculiar),特殊的(distinguished)

Paivissaka,【陽】鄰居。【形】附近的,住近的。

Paivedeti (pai+vid+e), 使知道,告知,宣佈。【過】paivesi。【過paivedita。【獨】paivedetvāpot. paivedayi

Paivedha(<pai+vyadh貫通), cp.paivijjhati & BSk.prativedha),【陽】滲透,通達(體證道、果、涅槃)貫通、洞察(piercing)duppaivedha【形】難以通達。lakkhaapaivedhā, 通達相(通達()的自相和共相(M.118./II,pp.312.))Ps.II,107.Soasahi ākārehi tathaṭṭhena cattāri saccāni ekappaivedhāni.  Dukkhassa 1pīḷanaṭṭho, 2sakhataṭṭho, 3santāpaṭṭho, 4vipariṇāmaṭṭho, tathaṭṭho; samudayassa 1āyūhanaṭṭho, 2nidānaṭṭho, 3sayogaṭṭho, 4palibodhaṭṭho tathaṭṭho; nirodhassa 1nissaraaṭṭho, 2vivekaṭṭho, 3asakhataṭṭho, 4amataṭṭho tathaṭṭho; maggassa 1niyyānaṭṭho, 2hetuṭṭho, 3dassanaṭṭho, 4ādhipateyyaṭṭho tathaṭṭho.(以十六行相依如之義四諦為同一通達:「苦」之逼義、有為義、煩熱義、變易義是如之義;「集」之存續義、因緣義、相應義、障礙義是如之義;「滅」之離義、遠離義、無為義、無死義是如之義;「道」之導向(解脫)義、因義、見義、主人義是如之義。) (cf. Ps.CS:pg.1.95-6.)

Paisakhata (patisakharoti 【過), 已修理,已準備。

Paisayutta (patisayujjati 的【過), 已連接,已屬於。

Paisavedin(< paisavedeti; BSk. pratisavedin Divy.567),【陽】【形】感覺到的人,經驗者,體證者,享受者,具有感受的人(experiencing, feeling, enjoying or suffering)sabbakāyapaisavedī, 體驗全呼吸()

Paisavedeti, paisavediyati(by-form), (pai+sa一起+vid+e), 【使】體驗體證,感覺,經歷(to feel, experience, undergo, perceive)。【過】paisavesi。【過paisavidita, paisavedita。【獨】paisadetvā

Paisaharaa(< paisaharati),【中】Paisahāra,【陽】折疊,移動 (removing Nett 27, 41.)

Paisaharati (pai+sa+har(h)+a), 撤回,移掉,折疊。【過】paisahari。【過paisaharita, paisahaa。【獨】paisaharitvā

Paisakharaa,【中】恢復,修改。

Paisakharoti (pai+sa+kar+o), 修理,回復,修改(to restore, repair, mend)。【過】paisakhari。【過paisakhata。【獨】paisakharitvāCaus. II. paisakhārāpeti

Paisakhā, paisakhāya(<khyā測、察),【獨】省察了,考慮了,區別了。

Paisakhāna,【中】辨別,考慮,留心。

Paisakhāra,【陽】回復,恢復,修改。參考 paisakharaaVibhv.p.197.Bhāvanāya paisakhārakammabhūtā.(一再回到原本的工作(禪修對象)的修習)

Paisañcikkhati, paisacikkhati (pai+sa一起+cikkh+a), 思擇,慮,區別。【過】paisañcikhi。【過paisañcikhita

Paisañjānati, 溯源,溯往。

Paisata,(pai回﹑對+ sata2<pp. of sarati, of sm記憶、正念),【中】回到正念者,護念。【形】回想的。Paissatoti paissatisakhātāya satiyā yutto.(已回到正念︰所謂的回到正念(回想),與念相關聯的。) S.35.95./IV,74.“Na so rajjati rūpesu, rūpa disvā paissato; Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati. “Yathāssa passato rūpa, sevato cāpi vedana; Khīyati nopacīyati, eva so caratī sato. Eva apacinato dukkha, santike nibbānamuccati.(他在諸色()不染,見色而回到正念,體驗心無執著,也不黏住於此。他如此見色(),和正被交會的感受,被滅盡,沒有被累積,如是他具正念而行,如是正散失苦,靠近涅槃解脫。) sampajāno paissato, 有正知地回到正念。

Paisantharati(pai+sa+tharati <st散播), 編造,關心。ger. paisanthāya. pp. paisanthata.

Paisanthāra,【陽】歡迎,寬待。

Paisandahati (pai+sa+dah放置+a), 重聚。【過】paisandahi。【過paisandhita paisandahita

Paisandhātu,【陽】重聚者,調解者,和事佬。

Paisandhāna,【中】結生,團圓。

Paisandhi,【陰】結生,再投胎,懷孕,團圓。(Vibhv.CS:p.125)Bhavato bhavassa paisandhāna paisandhikicca.((前一生的)‘存在’(),成為存在的結生結生的作用)

Paisandhicitta【中】結生心投生的(第一個)心識(三界中有十九種結生心paisandhicittāni ekūnavīsati)

Paisambhidā (<bhid, pratisavid),【陰】無礙解,分析的洞察力,識別的知識。Paisambhidāmagga, 《無礙解道》。catasso paisambhidā, 四無礙解。無礙解,即義無礙解智(attha-paisambhidā;梵artha-pratisamvid):對苦諦的無礙解智。法無礙解智(dhamma-paisambhidā;梵dharma-pratisamvid):對集諦的無礙解智。辭無礙解智(nirutti-paisambhidā;梵nirukti-pratisamvid):對苦諦法與集諦法的語詞及文法使用上的無礙解智。應辯無礙解智(paibhāna-paisambhidā;梵pratibhāna-pratisamvid):對上述三種無礙解智的無礙解智

Paisammodati (pai+sam+mud +a), 友善地交談,友善地歡迎。【過】paisammodi。【過paisammodita。【獨】paisammoditvā

Paisaraa,【中】庇護所,幫忙,保護。

Paisallāna (paṭi+saṁ+lī執著),【中】1.隱居禪修(retirement for the purpose of meditation),隱居(seclusion),宴默,孤獨(Paisallānāti ekībhāvā. SA.22.80./II,300.)2.果定(Paisallānāti phalasamāpattito. SA.35.87./II,371.)3.遠離(paisallānanti kāyaviveka, SA.35.100./II,386.) paisāruppa,【形】適當隱居的。(Paisallānasāruppānīti nilīyanasāruppāni. SA.35.63./II,367.)

Paisallīyati (pai+sa+lī執著+ya), 退隱(to be in seclusion)。【過】paisallīyi。【過paisallīna。【獨】paisallīyitvā

Paisāmeti (pai+sam+e), 井然有序地設定,防範。【過】paisesi。【過paisāmita。【獨】paisāmetvā

Paisāsana,【陰】答覆,提出抗衡的情報。

Paisedha(< pai+sidh 1, sedhati drive off),【陽】paisedhana,【中】否定,拒絕(warding off, prohibition)paisedhaka,【形】否定,拒絕。

Paisedhati(pai+sedhati), 防止,禁止,避免,拒絕(to ward off, prohibit, prevent, refuse)

Paisedheti (pai+sidh+e) (caus.), 防止,禁止,免除。【過】paisedhesi。【過paisedhita。【獨】paisedhetvāpaisedhiya

Paisevati (pai+sev(sev)服侍﹑聯合), 跟隨,追求,練習,沉迷於,使用藥等。【過】paisevi。【過paisevita。【現paisevanta。【獨】paisevitvāpaiseviya

Paisevana,【中】練習,使用,跟隨。

Paisota,【副】逆流地。

Paissata (pai+sm的【過),【形】回想的。

Paissati(pai+sati of sm)﹐【陰】回想。appissati﹐不能回想(lapse of memory)DhsA.(CS:p.191)Abhimukha gantvā viya saraato paisaraavasena paissati.(當面的(記住),離去了之後,處於再回想記住,為回想。)

Paissatika(<paissati)﹐【形】回想的。

Paissava(<pai+ su(śru, śru)聽到),【陽】諾言,贊成(assent, promise, obedience (cp. paissaya VvA 347))

Paissavatā(abstr.<paissava)﹐【陰】遵守(obedience)。【反】appaissavatā (want of deference)

Paissā & Patissā (pai+ su(śru, śru)聽到, cp. paissuṇāti & paissāvin)﹐【陰】(deference, obedience, only in cpd. sappaissa obedient, deferential (sappatissa) & appaissa disobedient, not attached to

Paissāvin (<pai+ su(śru, śru)聽到),【形】(assenting, ready, obedient, willing)S III.113 (kikāra-pai°).

Paissuṇāti (pai+su(śru, śru)聽到+ṇā), 同意,允諾,應()。【過】paissui。【過paissuta。【獨】paisuitvā。【3..過】paccassosuṁ(他們應())

Paihaññati (pai+han+ya), 被撞被折磨。【過】paihaññi。【獨】paihaññitvā

Paihata (Paihaññati的【過), 已重擊,已受打擊。

Paihanana,【中】打擊,反擊,衝撞。

Paihanati (pati+han+a), 反擊,防止,碰撞。【過】paihani。【過paihata。【獨】paihantvā

Pau,【形】聰明的,有技術的,聰明的人。pautā,【陰】pautta,【中】聰明,技術。

Paola,【陽】蛇瓜(snake-gourd一種栝樓屬植物 (Trichosanthes anguina),果實長形,扭轉,綠色和白色,可食,在完全成熟時呈鮮橙黃色)

Paṭṭa, paṭṭaka,【中】薄片,平板,金屬板,條板。

Paṭṭa,【中】絲布料,繃帶,長布條。【形】綢的。

Paṭṭana,【中】港口,靠近港口的城鎮。

Paṭṭikā,【陰】長布條,繃帶,腰帶。

Paṭṭhapeti (pa+hā(sthā)+āpe), 建立,開始。【過】paṭṭhapesi。【過paṭṭhapita。【獨】paṭṭhapetvā

Paṭṭhāna(pa+ hā, cp.paṭṭhahati;梵prashāna),【中】出發、端緒、發端(setting forth),放出(putting forward),出發點(starting point)。《發趣論》(Paṭṭhānappakaraa)︰又稱《發趣大論》(Patthānamahāppakaraa),乃七論中最大之論書,故稱大論。內容詳述「論本母」一二二門與二十四緣的關係,初分論母設置分(列舉二十四緣之名目)及緣分別分(釋論二十四緣),次述由二十四發趣組成的本文。所謂二十四發趣,先分為順發趣、逆發趣、順逆發趣、逆順發趣四大類,其後四大類再各自衍伸出三法發趣、二法發趣、二法三法發趣、三法二法發趣、三法三法發趣、二法二法發趣等六種,共二十四發趣。(《中華佛教百科全書()p.3253.2)《發趣論注》(PtnA.CS:pg.343)Kenaṭṭhena paṭṭhānanti?  Nānappakārapaccayaṭṭhena. ‘Pa-kāro’ hi nānappakārattha dīpeti, hānasaddo paccayattha.(所謂「發趣」︰各種不同的緣之義。「」解釋各種不同的()之義。「」緣之義。) 在《發趣論》中,「各種不同的緣」,指二十四緣。

Paṭṭhānanaya﹐發趣法,有二十四緣:1.因緣(hetupaccayo ; root-cause condition)2.所緣緣(ārammaapaccayo ; object condition)3.增上緣(adhipatipaccayo ; predominance condition)4.無間緣(anantarapaccayo ; proximity condition)5.相續緣 (等無間緣) (samanatarapaccayo ; contiguity condition)6.俱生緣(sahajātapaccayo ; conascence condition)7.相互緣(aññamaṇṇapaccayo ; mutuality condition)8.依止緣(nissayapaccayo ; support condition)9.親依止緣(upanissayapaccayo;decisive-support condition)10.前生緣(purejātapaccayo ; prenascence condition)11.後生緣(pacchājātapaccayo ; postnascence condition)12.重複緣(數數習行緣) (āsevanapaccayo ; repetition condition)13.業緣(kammapaccayo ; kamma condition)14.異熟緣(vipākapaccayo ; kamma-result condition)15.食緣(āhārapaccayo ; nutriment condition)16.根緣(indriyapaccayo ;faculty condition)17.禪那緣(jhānapaccayo ; jhāna condition)18.道緣(maggapaccayo ; path condition)19.相應緣(sampayuttapaccayo ; association condition)20.不相應緣(vippayuttapaccayo ; dissociation condition)21.有緣(atthipaccayo ; presence condition)22.無有緣(非有緣) (natthipaccayo ; absence condition)23.離去緣(vigatapaccayo ; disappearance condition)24.不離去緣(avigatapaccayo ; non-disappearance condition)

Paṭṭhāya,【獨】首先,自此以後,今後,從時候起。tatopaṭṭhāya, 自那以後,自那時以來。

pah(pah)﹐【字根I.】讀(to read)

Pahati (pah+a), 讀,背誦。【過】pahi。【過pahita。【獨】pahitvā

Pahana,【中】讀。

Pahama,【形】第一,最初的,先前的。pahama,【副】起先,第一次。pahamatara,【副】首先,儘快地。prathama-citta-utpada,【梵】初發心(初發覺悟的心)pahama-vacana,【中】主格。

Pahavī,【陰】地。pahavīkampana,【中】地震。pahavīkasia,【中】(修禪取相的)pahavīcalana,【中】pahavīcāla,【陽】地震。pahavīdhātu,【陰】地界,地元素。pahavīsama,【形】似地的。pahavojā,【陰】地的元氣,地的精髓。Dhs.(PTS:962CS:967.)Katama ta rūpa pathavīdhātu? Ya 1kakkhaa 2kharagata 3kakkhaatta 4kakkhaabhāvo ajjhatta vā bahiddhā vā upādiṇṇa vā anupādiṇṇa vā-- ida ta rūpa pathavīdhātu.(什麼是「色的地界(What is the Corporeality which is the Element of solidity)?凡是1(hardness)2(roughness)3堅性(hard)4堅實(hardness),生起於內、外,或已執取、未執取,這是「色的地界」)

Paava(cp. Ep. Sk. paava, dial; accord. to BR a corruption of praava)(a small drum or cymbal)paavasadda﹐鑼聲。

Paṇāma(<pa+nam, see paamati)鞠躬,禮拜(bending, salutation, obeisance)(cp. paṇāmeti 1)paṇāma karoti=añjali karoti)。【中】paṇāmana

Paamati (pa+nam+a), 鞠躬,崇拜,禮拜。【過】paami。【過paamita, paata。【獨】paamitvā

Paṇāma,【陽】頂禮,行禮,崇拜,鞠躬。

Paṇāmeti (pa+nam +e), 解散,逐放,關上,伸手。【過】paṇāmesi。【過paṇāmita。【現paṇāmenta。【獨】paṇāmetvā

Paidahati (pa+ni+dah放置+a), 追求,渴望,放出,指示,設定(to put forth, put down to, apply, direct, intend; aspire to, long for, pray for)。【過】paidahi。【過paihita, paidahita。【獨】paidahitvā, paidhāya

Paidhāna,【中】paidhi,【陽】熱望,決心。

Paidhāya (paidahati 的【獨】) 熱望了,有了意圖。

Paidhi(<paidahaticp.BSk. praidhi)﹐誓願(aspiration, request, prayer, resolve)

Paipāta,【陽】崇拜,拜倒,頂禮,俯身致敬。DA.2./I,231.Paipāto nāma-- “Ajjādi katvā aha abhivādana-paccuṭṭhāna-añjalikamma- sāmīcikamma Buddhādīnayeva tiṇṇa vatthūna karomī’ti ma dhārethā”ti eva Buddhādīsu paramanipaccākāro.  Imesañhi catunna ākārāna aññatarampi karontena gahitayeva hoti saraa.(頂禮:『請您憶持我:從今天開始,我只對佛等三種對象行頂禮、起迎、合掌、恭敬業。』如此對佛等作最上的五體投地禮。取這四種方式其中之一而歸依。)

Paiya,【中】貿易的對象。【陽】商人。

Paihita (paidahati 的【過, pa+ni+ dah放置), 已指示,已下決心的,已意圖。【形】被放置,定向

Paṇīta(pp. of pa+neti﹐梵praṇīta),【形】優良的,可口的,美妙的。paṇītatara,【形】更尊貴的,更可口的。KhA.170.Paṇītanti uttama seṭṭha atappaka.(微妙的︰最上的、優良的、無熱煩的。) SA.6.1./I,195.Paṇītoti atappako.(微妙的︰無熱煩的。)俱舍論卷二十六,T29.137.1)對「滅諦」中的「妙」(pranita)解釋有二︰「無眾患」;另一義︰「勝義善故妙」。

Paeti (pa+ni +e), 判定(罰款或處罰)。【過】paesi。【獨】paetvā

paṇḍ﹐【字根VII.】破壞(to destroy)

Paṇḍaka(paṇḍa & paṇḍaka),【陽】太監,閹人、不男音譯:半擇迦、般吒、般荼迦、半擇、半挓迦(a eunuch, weakling)。意譯為男根損壞之人,沒有男性生殖器。本性損壞稱為「扇搋」(aṇḍha),意譯作黃門,指男子無生殖器者,有先天(本性扇搋)與後天(損壞扇搋)二種。

Paṇḍara(Ved. pāṇḍara),【形】白色,微黃色(white, pale, yellowish )

Paṇḍicca(<paṇḍita),【中】聰叡,博學(erudition, cleverness, skill, wisdom )

Paṇḍita(Ved. paṇḍita),【形】明智的(wise, clever, skilled, circumspect, intelligent )。【陽】明智的人;《中阿含經》譯:沙門蠻頭。paṇḍitaka,【陽】炫學者(a pedant)

Paṇḍu(cp. Ved. pāṇḍu, palita, pāṭala),【形】淡黃色的,微黃色的。paṇḍukambala,【中】橙色的毛毯,帝釋的王座名字。paṇḍupalāsa,【陽】凋謝的葉子,準備出家的人。paṇḍuroga,【陽】黃疸(台語︰ng5 than2)paṇḍurogī,【陽】患黃疸的人。kāya paṇḍumattikāya tikkhaṭṭu subbattita ubbaṭṭeti(以黃土塗摩身體三次)

Paṇṇa, paṇṇaka ( Para),【中】葉子,供書寫的葉子,信。paṇṇakui,【陰】茅舍。paṇṇacchatta,【中】以樹葉製成的傘。paṇṇasanthara,【陽】樹葉墊子。paṇṇasālā,【陰】茅廬(沙羅樹葉)paṇṇa-chadana,葉屋。

Paṇṇatti(=Paññatti),【陰】名字,概念

Paṇṇarasa (=Pañcadasa),【形】十五。

Paṇṇākāra,【陽】禮物。

Paṇṇāsā,【陰】五十。

Paṇṇika,【陽】蔬菜水果商,菜販。

Paṇṇikā,【陰】蔬菜,野菜。

Paya,中】貿易的對象。【陽】商人。參考 Paiya

Pahi,【陽】腳後跟。

pat(pat)﹐【字根I.】落下(to fall)

Patati (pat落下+a), 跌倒,降落,()飛落(在樹上)。【過】pati。【過patita。【現patanta。【獨】patitvā

Patana,【中】落下。

Patanu,【形】非常瘦的。

Patākā,【陰】旗子,旗幟。

Patāpa,【陽】光彩壯麗,最高權威。patāpavantu,【形】宏偉的,壯麗的。

Patāpeti (pa+tap(tap)+e), 燒焦,加熱。【過】patāpesi。【過patāpita

Pati,【陽】統治者,丈夫,主人。patikula,【中】丈夫的家庭。cf. pati, aor. of Patati.

Patibbatā (pati+vatā)【陰】真誠的妻子(a devoted wife)AA.7.59Patibbatāti patidevatā.(真誠的妻子:丈夫的天人。)

Paṭigādha (paṭi+gādha2) 穩固的立足點(a firm stand or foothold A.III,297 sq.; Pug.72=Kvu 389.

Patigādhappatta,【形】已得立足、已安住的(patiṭṭhapattā)

Patiṭṭhahati, patiṭṭhāti (pati+hā+a), 被建立,站住(站穩),找支援。【過】1.patiṭṭhahi, 2.patiṭṭhāsi。【過patiṭṭhita。【現patiṭṭhanta。【獨】patiṭṭhahitvā, patiṭṭhāya。【不】patiṭṭhitu, patiṭṭhātu

Patiṭṭhā,【陰】幫忙,支援,休息處,依止處,渡津處。S.3.20./I,93.“Tasmā kareyya kalyāṇa, nicaya samparāyika; Puññāni paralokasmi, patiṭṭhā honti pāṇinan”ti.(因此作善事,積善為來世,功德是後世,生靈渡津處。)

Patiṭṭhātabba, patiṭṭhitabba,【義】可以建立的。

Patiṭṭhāna,【中】安,建立,支援。

Patiṭṭhāpita (patiṭṭhāpeti的【過) 已制定的。

Patiṭṭhāpeti (patiṭṭhāti 的【使】), 建立,設立,安裝。【過】patiṭṭhāpesi。【現patiṭṭhāpenta,【獨】patiṭṭhāpetvā, patiṭṭhāpiya

Patiṭṭhāpetu,【陽】創辦人,建立者。

Patiṭṭhīyati (only apparently (Pass.) to patiṭṭhahati, of sthā, but in reality=Sk. prati-sthyāyate, of sthyā, see thīna. Ought to be paitthīyati; but was by popular analogy with patiṭṭhāya changed to patiṭṭhīyati), 頑固、抗拒、叛逆(to be obdurate, to offer resistance)

Patita, (patati 的【過)

Patitiṭṭhati (pati+hā+a), 再站起來。

Patibbatā,【陰】深愛的妻子。

Patirūpa,形】適合的,適當的。參考 Pairūpa適合的

Patissata,【形】深思的,憶念的。(參考Paissata)

Patīci,【陰】西部。

Patīta,【形】歡欣的。Patīteti tuṭṭhe.(歡欣的︰已滿足的)Patīteti somanassajāte.(歡欣的︰生喜)

Patoda(pa徹底+tud刺穿、傷害;cp.Ved.pratoda),【陽】(趕牲口用的)刺棒,駕駛(馬車)棒。patodaka,【中】踢馬剌,用手指輕挪()patodalaṭṭhi,【陰】駕駛者的棒、鞭。

Patta1 (q.v.paṇṇa), 【中】1.翅膀,羽毛。2.葉子。一種棕櫚葉(talipotCorypha umbraculifera)貝葉樹,錫蘭叫ola傣語叫lan()樹高20左右,長得高大、雄偉,樹幹筆直,渾圓,沒有枝椏,樹冠像一把巨傘,葉片象手掌一樣散開,樹齡可達60年左右)用於寫經用,稱為貝葉(貝多羅)(pattapattra)pattagandha,【陽】樹葉的氣味。pattakkhandha, (參考 Panna, Pannakkhandha 這樣的連接詞形比較適當)【形】氣餒的,沮喪的,肩下垂的。

Patta2,【陽】缽。pattagata,【形】在缽裡的。pattagāhaka,【陽】攜帶其他人的缽的人。pattathavikā,【陰】缽的套子。pattapānī,【形】在手上的缽。pattapiṇḍika,【形】一缽食(十三頭陀支之一,第五頭陀支)M.139./III,235.婆提(pāti),缽陀(vitta),吃陀(patta),沙羅瓦(sarāva),達嚕拔(dhāropa),缽那(poa飲食器),美系羅(pisīlava飲水器),均為同一物。

大缽──容納半āḷhaka的飯(或其四分之一量的米)和一些菜。

中缽──容納一nāḷika的飯(或其四分之一量的米)和一些菜。

小缽──容納一pattha的飯(或其四分之一量的米)和一些菜。

根據《インド學大事典》III, 389頁:4 prasthaPā.pattha)=1 adhaka

     Pā.āḷhaka)=386g。《四分律》:「大(缽)者三斗,小者一斗半」(大22, 622上)。釋妙因《佛制比丘六物圖集解》,註:「姬周三斗,即今唐斗一斗。斗半,即今五升」。至於nāli,字典的解釋大多是長度和時間的單位,只有在《The Book of the DisciplineI,103注釋1中提到:(1) 1 Sinhalese nāḷi1.5 Magadha nāḷi(2) 1 Magadha13pala。所以1 Sinhalese nāḷi19.5 pala。又根據《インド學大事典》 III, 389頁:1 pala6g所以換算起來,1 nāli就有19.5×6g117g。也就是說,大缽──可以容納386g的飯(或96g的米)和一些菜。中缽──可以容納117g的飯(或29g的米)和一些菜。小缽──可以容納96g的飯(或24g的米)和一些菜。

Patta3 (pāpuṇāti 的【過), 已到達,已達到,已獲得。

Pattabba (pāpunāti 的【義】), 應該被得到,應該被達到,應該被到達。

Pattādhāraka,【陽】缽架(缽的架子)

Pattānumodanā,【陰】回向功德。

Patti,【陽】1.步兵。2.步兵團。【陰】3.抵達。4.達到。5.功德,利潤。6.分享。pattika,【形】有份的,合夥人。pattidāna,【中】回向功德,轉讓一份。

Pattika (= Padika),【形】走路的。【陽】1.行人。2.軍人走路。pattiko upasakamma, 步行往詣。

Pattuṇṇa,【中】絲布。

Pattu,【不】到達,達到,獲得。

Pattha,【陽】粑鉈(穀粒或液體的衡量,4 粑鉈 = 1 西阿 (seer)〔印度液量單位,約一公升〕。參考 Pasata)

Patthaa (pattharati 的【過), 已傳開,大家知道的。

Patthaddha,【形】非常僵硬的。

Patthanā(prāthanā),【陰】發願(aspiration)

Patthayati (pa+atth+aya), 想要,願望,志求。【過】patthayi。【現patthayanta。【過patthita。【獨】patthayitvā

Patthayāna,【形】願望的。

Patthara,【陽】厚平板,平坦的石頭。

Pattharati (pa+thar+a), 傳開,擴充。【過】patthari。【過patthaa。【現pattharanta。【獨】pattharitvā

Patthiva,【陽】國王。

Pattheti (pa+atth+e), 熱望,渴望。【過】patthesi。【過patthita。【現patthenta。【獨】patthetvā“dibbasampatti patthetvā”ti(熱望生天。)

Patvā, (pāpuṇāti 的【獨】), 到達了,達到了,獲得了。appatvā﹐未到達後。pātvākāsi, 到達了,他曾作。

Patha,【陽】路徑,方法,道路。(在【合】中) 量,例: gaanapatha = 數量。

Pathavī,陰】地。參考 Pahavī

Pathāvī, pathika,【陽】行人,旅行者。

pad(pad)﹐【字根III.】去、走(to go),移動(to move)

Pada,【中】1.[]2.路,位置,地方3.句,一句話,一行詩節。4.理由,因素。padaṭṭhāna,【中】最接近的因素(近因)padacetiya,【中】神聖的腳印。padajāta,【中】種種的腳印。padapūraa,【中】虛詞。padabhājana,【中】詞句的劃分,每個字分開來論述。padabhāṇaka,【形】背誦聖經的人。padavaṇṇanā,【陰】逐字解釋。padavalañja,【中】足迹,腳印。padavibhāga,【陽】字的區別,剖析。padavītihāra,【陽】步驟的交換。padasadda,【陽】腳步聲。padasamācāra,【陽】禮節(MA.69./III,183.padasamācāroti dubbalasamācāro oḷārikācāro (禮節:粗行、細行))

Padaka1 (< pada4),通文句(one who knows the padas (words or lines), versed in the padapāṭha of the Veda (Ep. Of an educated Brahmin) D.I,88=Sn.p. 105 (where AvŚ II.19 in id. p. has padaśo=P. padaso word by word, but Divy 620 reads padako; ajjheti vedeti cā ti padako); M.I,386; A.I,163, 166; Sn.595; Miln.10, 236.

Padaka2 (nt.)=pada 3, viz. basis, principle or pada 4, viz. stanza, line J.V,116 (=kāraa-padāni C.).

Padaka2 (nt.) [fr. pada1] in cpd. aṭṭha° an “eight-foot,” i. e. a small inset square (cp. aṭṭha-pada chess-board), a patch (?) Vin.I,297. See also padika.

padavyañjana (pada+vyañjana),【中】文句。

Padakkhia (pa在前+dakkhia),【形】右繞(兩手合掌向尊敬的人右繞三圈,依順時鐘方向行走。此為印度人表達極大敬意。)

Padakkhiṇā,【陰】繞,繞佛,行繞禮。古印度有「右尊左卑」,中國也有這種思想。S.16.6./II,204.…appadakkhiaggāhino anusāsani.(不能隨教授率直執受。)

Padatta (padāti 的【過), 已放棄,已分配。

Padaparama,【形】文句為最者,可以根據修行的階段,細分為許多類別,包括了必須修習七日禪的行者(處於最精進狀態),乃至於必須修習長達數十年,才可能證得阿羅漢的。年輕時修習可證得阿羅漢果,到老年時可能只能證得較低層的果位。Pug.PTS:p.41.151. Katamo ca puggalo padaparamo? Yassa puggalassa bahumpi suato bahumpi bhaato bahumpi dhārayato bahumpi vācayato na tāya jātiyā dhammābhisamayo hoti– aya vuccati puggalo “padaparamo”.(什麼人是文句為最者呢?哪個人有多聞、多說、多憶持、多教導,他沒有在此生中法現觀,這個人被稱為文句為最者)

Padara,【中】木板。

Padahati (pa徹底+dah放置+a), 努力(直譯:徹底放置),著手進行,面對。【過】padahi。【過padahita。【獨】padahitvātulayitvā padahati, pahitattho samāno kayena c’eva parama sacca sacchikaroti paññāya ca na ativijjha passati(考量已精勤,因為有精勤,以身作證第一諦,以慧精密地觀察它。)

Padahana,【中】努力,盡力。參考 Padhāna

Padātave,【不】給。

Padātu,【陽】施主,送禮者,分配者。

Padāna (<[pa出﹑徹底﹑在前]+[dā給與﹑施] ),【中】給,授予。

Padālana,【中】裂開,劈開,撕裂處。

Padāleti (pa+dal爆炸﹑衝+e), 劈開,切開,爆裂開。【過】padālesi。【過padālita。【現padālenta。【獨】padāletvā

Padāletu,【陽】切開者,砸開者。

Padika,【形】由詩節所組成的。【陽】行人。

Paditta, (Padippati的【過) 燃燒,爆發

Padippati (pa+dip+ya), 燃燒,(激情、怒火)爆發。【過】padippi。【現padippamāna

Padissati (pa+dis指出+ya), 被看到,出現。【過】padissi。【過padiṭṭha。【現padissamāna

Padīpa,【陽】燈,光。padīpakāla,【陽】點燈的時間。padīpeyya,【中】點燈的材料。Dhp.166Ko nu hāso kimānando, nicca pajjalite sati.  Andhakārena onaddhā, padīpa na gavessatha?(為何笑.為何喜?常存在燃燒;黑暗所繫縛,(你們)何不尋求燈(Dhp.A.=智燈))(世上有十一種火常在燃燒,貪rāga、瞋dosa、癡moha、病vyadhi、老jarā、死maraa、愁soka、悲parideva、苦dukkha、憂domanasa、惱upāyāsa)

Padīpeti (pa+dip+e), 點燈,解釋,使激烈。【過】padīpesi。【過padīpita。【現padīpenta。【獨】padīpetva

Padīyati (pa+da+i+ya), 被分發,被贈送。【過】padīyi。【過padinna

Paduṭṭha (padussati 的【過), 已壞,已腐敗,已污染,徹底污染。paduṭṭha-bhari【陰】﹐惡妻。

Padubbhati (pa+dubh+ya), 謀反。【過】padubbhi。【過padubbhita。【獨】padubbhitvā

Paduma,【中】紅蓮花,紅蓮地獄(地獄的名字),一個巨大的數位名。padumakaṇṇika,【陰】睡蓮的果皮。padumakalapa,【陽】一束睡蓮。padumagabbha,【陽】睡蓮之內部。padumapatta,【中】蓮花瓣。padumaraga,【陽】紅寶石。padumasara,【陽】【中】蓮池。paduminī,【陰】紅睡蓮(植物)padumīpatta,【中】蓮葉。

Padumī,【形】有睡蓮的,有斑點的()

Padussati (pa+dus +ya), 犯錯,違犯,變壞。【過】padussi。【過paduṭṭha,【獨】padussitvā

Padussana,【中】冒犯,謀反。

Padūseti (pa+dus+e), 弄髒,污染,破壞,墮落。【過】padūsesi。【過padūsita。【獨】padūsetvā。【義】padūseyya

Pade pade (<pada[] ), 一步又一步。

Padesa,【陽】1.指示(indication)2.地方(location),範圍(range)區域、地域(台語︰te7 ek8)(districtregion),位置(spot),地點(place)padesañāṇa,【中】有限制的知識。padesarajja,【中】在一個區域上的侯國。padesarāja,【陽】副王。

Padesavattin (padesa指示+vattin轉動),【形】轉動指示。

Padosa1(pa+dosa1, pradoa),【陽】缺點,污點,瑕疵。

Padosa2(pa+dosa2, pradoapradvea, see remarks to dosa2)﹐激怒

Padma,中】紅蓮花。參考 Paduma

Padhasa,【陽】padhasana,【中】毀滅,違反,冒犯,搶奪。

Padhasita,【過】破壞。

Padhasiya,【形】易受侵犯,易受襲擊,易受掠奪。

Padhaseti (pa+dhas+e), 破壞,襲擊,掠奪,冒犯。【過】padhasesi。【過padhasita。【獨】padhasetvā。【現padhasenta

Padhāna,【形】領袖,最初的。

Padhāna, (= padahana),【中】努力,盡力。padhānaghara,【中】爲修禪而備的。padhānasakhārā,勤行:SA.51.13.Padhānasakhārāti padhānabhūtā sakhārā, catukiccasādhakasammappadhānavīriyasseta adhivacana.(勤行:變更勤行,這是完成四事勤(四正勤)的精進的同義詞。) cattāri padhānāni, 四勤(four efforts)savara-padhāna 律儀勤 (the effort to avoid (unwholesome states))pahāna-padhāna 斷勤 (the effort to overcome (unwholesome states))bhāvanā-padhāna 修勤 (the effort to develop (wholesome states))anurakkhaṇā-padhāna 隨護勤 (the effort to maintain (wholesome states))

pat﹐【字根I.】落下(to fall)

Paloka(pa-ruj)﹐【陽】破壞,敗壞。

Padhāna(=padahana)【中】努力,儘力。padhānaghara﹐【中】禪堂padhānika﹐【形】努力修禪的。

Padhāvati (pa+dhāv+a)﹐跑出、奔前(runs out or forth)。【過】padhāvi

Padhāvana,【中】跑出。

Padhūpeti (pa+dhup+e) 薰製(肉、魚等)。參考dhūpeti, see dhūpeti.【過padhūpita

Padhota (padhovati的【過) 已徹底地洗,已徹底地削尖。

Pana(反意和疑問虛詞)((adversative and interogative particle) ind.) 和,仍然,但是,正相反,既然,而且,此外。pan’assā = pana assā (assā < ima(), f.Gen.sg.「她的」)而她的。panetā(pana+etā)﹐。pan’ettha﹐於此。

Panaṭṭha (panassati的【過) 遺失,已走向毀滅。

Panasa,【陽】菠蘿蜜(jack tree)。【中】菠蘿蜜(jack fruit)

Panassa(pana或又+assa(..屬格))﹐又彼。

Panassati (pa+nas +ya; cp.BSk. praṇāśa)被遺失、遺失、走向毀滅(to be lost, to disappear, to go to ruin)【過】panassi。【過panattha

Panāḷikā,【陰】管,溝,水道(a pipe, tube, channel, water course)

Panudati (pa+nud +a) 驅散、除去、推掉(dispels, removes, pushes away)

【過】panudi。【過panudita。【獨】panuditvā, panudiya。【現panudamāna

Panudana, panūdana,【中】移掉,驅散,拒絕(removal, dispelling, rejection)

Panta,【形】遠的,遙遠的,隱退的,獨居的(distant, remote, secluded; solitary)pantasenāsana,【中】隱退的休息處(a secluded resting place)

Panti,【陰】排、行列、行(a row, range, line)

Pantha,【陽】路徑、道路(a path, road)panthaka, panthika【陽】旅客、旅行者(a wayfarer, traveller)panthaghāta,【陽】埋伏(waylaying)偷竊(robbery)。【中】panthadūhanapanthaghātaka,【陽】埋伏者,偷竊者(a waylayer)

Panna,【形】跌落的,墜落的。pannabhāra,【形】已放下負擔人。pannaloma,【形】已落發的人,即:抑制的。

Pannaga﹐【陽】蛇(a serpent)

Pannarasa﹐【形】十五。pannarasama﹐第十五。

Papa,【中】水。

Papañca,【陽】障礙(an obstacle),妨礙(impediment),延遲(delay),錯覺(illusion),修行的妨害(hindrance to spiritual progress)papañcasaññā﹐妄想。

Papañceti (pa+pac+e) 解釋,延遲。【過】papañcesi。【過papañcita。【獨】papañcetvā

Papaikā,【陰】樹皮(the outer dry bark)、樹的硬皮(crust of a tree)

Papatati (pa+pat落下+a), 跌倒跌落跌入。【過】papati。【過papatita。【獨】papatitvā

Papatana,【中】跌倒。

Papada,【陽】脚端。

Papā﹐【陰】路旁供給旅行者的一個棚(a shed by the roadside to provide travellers with water)

Papāta,【陽】懸崖,陡直的岩石。papātaa,【陽】陡峭的山坡。

Papitāmaha,【陽】內祖父(paternal great-grandfather.父系的祖父)

Paputta,【陽】孫子。

Pappaaka,【陽】蕈、香菇(a mushroom)

Pappoheti(pa+poth+e), 拍打(flaps),打(beats)。【過】pappohesi。【過pappohita。【獨】pappohetvā

Pappoti(pa+ap+o)﹐到達,獲得,達到。【獨】pappuyya。【不】pappotu

Papphāsa,【陽】肺。

Pabandha,【陽】連續性(continuity),論文、詩(a treatise or poem)

Pabala,【形】有勢力的,强大的。mighty.

Pabujjhati (pa+budh+ya)﹐覺醒,覺悟(awakes, understands)。【過】pabujjhi。【獨】pabujjhitvā。【過pabuddha

Pabodhana,【中】甦醒,清醒,覺悟(awakening; arousing; enlightenment)

Pabodheti (pa+budh+e)﹐醒來,覺醒,覺悟(arouses; awakens; enlightens)。【過】pabodhesi。【過pabodhita。【獨】pabodhetvā。【現pabodhentā

Pabba,【中】莖的節,關節,區段,區分。

Pabbajababbaja(Sk. balbaja), 蘆葦、香蒲(bulrush)

Pabbajati(pa+vaj(vraj)繼續進行+a)(Sk. pravrajati)﹐出家、向前去(goes forth),出家(becomes a monk; leaves household life)。【過】pabbaji。【過pabbajita。【獨】pabbajitvā。【現pabbajantaagārasmā anagāriya pabbajati, 離家為了出家(的生活)()出家,古譯:家非家出家(to go forth into the homeless state)(agārasmā(Abl.) 離俗家+anagāriya(Dat.)為了出家+ pabbajja(Acc.)出家。(p)pa-(v)vaj> pabbajati)imper. pabbaja. pot. pabbajeyya. -- fut. pabbajissati. aor. pabbaji; ger. pabbajitvā. --. Caus. pabbājeti. -- pp. pabbajita.

  Pārā.III,12.Sudinnassa Kalandaputtassa etadahosi-- “Yathā yathā kho aha Bhagavatā dhamma desita ājānāmi, nayida sukara agāra ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇa ekantaparisuddha sakhalikhita brahmacariya caritu; yanūnāha kesamassu ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriya pabbajeyyan”ti.(須提那迦蘭陀子說了這:「我如是知解世尊所說之法,居家者欲修持梵行一向圓滿、一向清淨無垢,實在不易。我寧剃髮著袈裟,由家出家而為無家。」)

V.III,p.91.第一大犍度不得令出家之三十二種人品中記載有32種人不得使出家: (1)hatthacchinna pabbājenti. (2)pādacchinna pabbājenti. (3)hatthapādacchinna pabbājenti. (4)kaṇṇacchinna pabbājenti. (5)nāsacchinna pabbājenti. (6)kaṇṇanāsacchinna pabbājenti. (7)agulicchinna pabbājenti. (8)aacchinna pabbājenti. (9)kaṇḍaracchinna pabbājenti. (10)phaahatthaka pabbājenti. (11)khujja pabbājenti. (12)vāmana pabbājenti. (13)galagaṇḍi pabbājenti. (14)lakkhaṇāhata pabbājenti. (15)kasāhata pabbājenti. (16)likhitaka pabbājenti. (17)sīpadi pabbājenti. (18)pāparogi pabbājenti. (19)parisadūsaka pabbājenti. (20)kāṇa pabbājenti. (21)kui pabbājenti. (22)khañja pabbājenti. (23)pakkhahata pabbājenti. (24)chinniriyāpatha pabbājenti. (25)jarādubbala pabbājenti. (26)andha pabbājenti. (26)mūga pabbājenti. (27)badhira pabbājenti. (29)andhamūga pabbājenti. (30)andhabadhira pabbājenti. (31)mūgabadhira pabbājenti. (32)andhamūgabadhira pabbājenti.(1.手被割截、2.足被割截、3.手足被割截、4.耳被割截、5.鼻被割截、6.耳鼻被割截、7.指被割截、8.大指被割截、9.腱被割截、10.手如蛇頭者、11.佝僂者、12.侏儒者、13.長腫瘤者、14.受烙印刑者、15.受笞()刑者、16.被標記罪狀者、17.象皮病者、18.惡疾者、19.毀辱眾者、20.瞎子、21.瘤手、22.跛者、23.半身不遂者、24.殘廢者、25.老弱者、26.盲者、27.啞者、28.聾者、29.盲啞者、30.盲聾者、31.聾啞者、32.盲聾啞者。)

Pabbaniya, 特定的日子。特定的初八日、十四日、十五日,如此等為陰曆特定的日子。

Pabbājitattā, 出家的狀態。

Pabbajana﹐【中】Pabbajjā﹐【陰】出家(taking up of the ascetic life; become a monk)

Pabbajita﹐【陽】出家人(a monk)《增支部》A.10.48./V,87-8.Pabbajita- abhihasutta(出家時時(觀察))︰出家人應該時常觀察(pabbajitena abhiha paccavekkhitabba)「十法」︰()我已經是沒有階級的人(方外人)( ‘Vevaṇṇiyamhi ajjhupagato’ti)()(衣、食、住、藥)都是依靠他人供養(‘parapaibaddhā me jīvikā’ti)()我言行舉止不同(應該具足安詳的威儀,合乎沙門身份)( ‘añño me ākappo karaṇīyo’ti)()出家者我有無以戒律來糾正自己呢?(‘kacci nu kho me attā sīlato na upavadatī’ti) ()我那些修習梵行的道友,有無以戒律來糾正我呢?(‘kacci nu kho ma anuvicca viññū sabrahmacārī sīlato na upavadantī’ti) () 我所喜愛的()、所悅意的(),都在改變和分離(死亡) (‘sabbehi me piyehi manāpehi nānābhāvo vinābhāvo’ti)()我對自己所造的業負責,我是業的繼承人,以業為胎,以業為親屬。無論我造什麼善惡業,我必須自己去承擔(‘kammassakomhi kammadāyādo kammayoni kammabandhu kammapaisarao, ya kamma karissāmi kalyāṇa vā pāpaka vā tassa dāyādo bhavissāmī’ti)()我如何度過日日夜夜呢?(‘kathabhūtassa me rattindivā vītivattantī’ti) ()我是否歡喜寂靜的住處(獨住、身遠離)呢?(‘kacci nu kho aha suññāgāre abhiramāmī’ti) ()我是否證得上人法--殊勝的智見呢?當其他的道友在我臨終時問及此事,我不慚愧嗎?(‘atthi nu kho me uttari manussadhammo alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato, yenāha pacchime kāle sabrahmacārīhi puṭṭho na maku bhavissāmī’ti) (A.10.101.(),説沙門能修「三沙門想」(前三項),則圓滿能七法。cf.《廣義法門經》(T1.920.3-921.1)說有二十二處,出家之人應數數觀察。)

Pabbata﹐【陽】山,岩石。pabbatakūṭa﹐【中】山頂。pabbatagahana﹐【中】山區。pabbataṭṭha,【形】位於山上的。pabbatapāda,【陽】山腳。pabbatasikhara,【中】山頂。pabbateyya,【形】經常在山上走動的。

Pabbājana﹐【中】放逐(exile),驅逐(banishment)pabbājaniya,【形】該被驅逐的,該被流放的(deserving to be expelled or exiled)

Pabājeti (pa+vaj+e) , 放逐、驅逐、使出家(exiles; banishes; makes a monk)。【過】pabajesi。【過pabajita。【獨】pabajetvāPārā.III,46(CS:p.57)Pabbājeyyu vāti gāmā vā nigamā vā nagarā vā janapadā vā janapadapadesā vā pabbājeyyu.(放逐︰放逐於村外、或鄉外、或城外、或省外、或國外。)

Pabbhāra(cp. BSk. prāg-bhāra),1.【陽】山坡(a decline, incline, slope, bending, inclining, sloping; fig. tending or leading to)2.【陽】【中】山洞(a cave in a mountain)。【形】傾斜的,有坡度的,導向的(

Pabhagga(pabhañjati的【過) 已打碎,已破壞,已擊敗。

Pabhakara(pabhā-光、光芒+kara製造、帶來)﹐【陽】帶光來者,即:太陽(one who makes light, one who light up, light-bringer, i.e.the sun.)

Pabhagu, pabhagura,【形】易碎的,脆弱的,易腐壞的(brittle; frail; perishable)

Pabhava(pa+bhū),【陽】起源(origin),來源(source)。【形】(在【合】中)有如起源。

Pabhavati (pa+bhū+a), 流下,發生(flows down; originates)。【過】pabhavi。【過】生命。【獨】pabhavitvā

Pabhassara﹐【形】非常明亮的,輝煌的(resplendent)A.I,258 .佛陀有談到心有明亮的光pabhassara極光淨)

Pabha,【陰】光,光輝。

Pabhāta,【陽】黎明(daybreak),破曉(dawn)。【形】變成清楚的,變成光亮的。

Pabhāva(prabhava)﹐【陽】威德,勢力(power, strength)

Pabhāveti (pa+bhū+e)﹐增加,增大,彌漫(increases; augments; permeates with)。【過】pabhāvesi。【獨】pabhāvetva

Pabhāsa﹐【陽】光,光彩壯麗。

Pabhāsati (pa+bhas+a) 照耀。【過】pabhāsi。【獨】pabhasitvā。【現pabhasanta

Pabhāseti(pabhasati【使】),照明,以光彌漫。【過】pabhasesi。【過pabhasita。【現pabhasenta。【獨】pabhasetvā

Pabhijjati (pa+bhid打破+ya),被打破,爆裂開。【過】pabhijji。【現pabhijjamāna。【獨】pabhijjitvā

Pabhijjana,【中】分離,分裂。

Pabhinna (pabhijjati的【過) 1.已打破。2.已分開。3.已爆發。

Pabhuti﹐【無】從開始,自以後,後來(beginning from; since; subsequently)pabhutika,【形】自時代存在至今,得自,來自。tato pabhuti, 從那時(thence forth)

Pabhū ,【陽】大君主,統治者。

Pabheda,【陽】多樣性,劈開。pabhedana,【中】分開,瓦解,分泌。【形】毀滅性。

Pamajjati (pa+ mad(mad / mand)使被發狂+ya) (becomes intoxicated),粗心,怠惰,疏忽(日語:ゆだん,油斷)。【過】pamajji。【過pamatta。【獨】pamajjitvāpamajjapamajjiya。【不】pamajjitu。【現pamajjanta

Pamajjanā, 【陰】pamajjana,【中】延遲,疏忽。【反】appamajjana

Pamatta(Pamajjati的【過),已怠惰,已疏忽(的人)(slothful, indolent, indifferent, careless, negligent)pamattabandhu ,【陽】粗心者的朋友(friend of the careless特指:魔王)appamatta,【反】不怠惰。

Pamattaka(=pamatta)【形】, 怠惰。只用appamattaka, 不怠惰。

Pamathati (pa+math+a) 壓迫,使服從。【過】pamathi。【過pamathita。【獨】pamathitvā

Pamadāvana,【中】在王宮附近的花園。

Pamadā(Sk. pramadā, <pra+mad, cp. pamāda),【陰】女人(a young (wanton) woman, a woman)

Pamaddati (pa徹底+ mad(mad / mand)使被發狂+a) 壓倒,擊敗,戰勝。【過】pamaddi。【過pamaddita。【獨】pamadditvā

Pamaddana(<pamaddati), 【形】【中】壓服,戰勝(crushing, defeating, overcoming)parasenapamaddana, 摧伏敵軍。id.=madditu samattho SnAmārasenapamaddana, 摧伏魔軍。

Pamaddī(Pamaddin)(<pa+ madd(md/ mrad)壓碎),【陽】壓服者,戰勝者。(=maddana-samattha C.)

Pamāṇa(pa+mā, Vedic pramāṇa),【中】1.尺寸,大小,數量(measure, size, amount)2.時間長短,周圍,長度(measure of time, compass, length, duration)3.年齡(age; often by Com. taken as “worldly characteristic,” ); 4.有限(limit)5.引申為「正確的知見」,標準,準則(standard, definition, description, dimension)Sn.1076.(ch.5-7)“Atthagatassa na pamāṇamatthi, (Upasīvāti Bhagavā) Yena na vajju ta tassa natthi. Sabbesu dhammesu samohatesu, samūhatā vādapathāpi sabbe”ti. ((世尊說:)這樣的人(解脫者)消失後,形量不存在,人們談論他的依據不存在,一切談論方式也消失。」(註:談論方式指確定事物的標誌和特徵。)

Pamāṇaka,【形】用測量的,有大小的。

Pamāṇika(<pamāṇa),【形】【中】度量,依照一般的測量的。

Pamāda(cp. Vedic pramāda, pa+mad)﹐【陽】放逸,疏忽,懶惰,怠慢(carelessness, negligence, indolence, remissness)pamādapāṭha,【中】猥褻書。SA.1.76./I,100.Pamādoti niddāya vā kilesavasena vā pamādo. (放逸︰多睡或帶著染污。)KhA.26.Pamādaṭṭhānanti yāya cetanāya ta pivati ajjhoharati, sā cetanā madappamādahetuto pamādaṭṭhānanti vuccati, yato ajjhoharaṇādhippāyena kāyadvārappavattā surāmerayamajjāna ajjhoharaacetanā “surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānan”ti (KhA.27.) veditabbā.  Eva tāvettha pāṇātipātappabhutīhi viññātabbo vinicchayo. (放逸原因︰凡是以思而喝、吞咽那酒,由那成為陶醉、放逸原因的思,稱為放逸原因。當知凡以吞咽的目的,運用身門,吞咽榖物酒、花果酒的思,為放逸原因的榖物酒、【27】花果酒()酒類。)

Pamāya1 (ger. of pamināti i. e. pa+mā)已測量(having measured, measuring)。【現pamāyanta(Nettivibhāvinī(CS:p.287)pamāyina pamāyantaṁ)

Pamāya2 (ger. of pamināti i. e. pa+m, Sk. pramārya of pramṛṇāti)破壞(crushing, destroying)

Pamiṇāti (pa+mi +nā) 測量,估計,定義。【過】pamii。【過pamita。【獨】pamiitvā, pamitvā

Pamukha1(pa+mukha, cp. late Sk. pramukha),【形】最初的,首要的,顯著的。【中】前面,房前。

Pamukha2 (nt.) [identical with pamukha1, lit. “in front of the face,” i. e. frontside, front] 1. eyebrow (?) only in phrase alāra° with thick eyebrows or lashes. Perhaps we should read pakhuma instead.

Pamuccati(pa+muc釋放+ya)(pass. of pamuñcati)解脫,自由。【過】pamucci。【過Pamuccita。【獨】pamuccitvā

Pamucchati (pa+mucch昏倒+a) 暈,昏倒。swoons; faints.【過】pamucchi。【過pamucchita。【獨】pamucchitvā

Pamuñcati (pa+muc釋放+-a) 1.釋放,發出,解放(lets loose; emits; liberates)2.放棄( to shake off, give up, shed)。【過】pamuñci。【過pamuñcita, pamutta。【獨】pamuñciya, pamuñcitvā。【現pamuñcanta2s.imp. pamuñcassu

Pamuṭṭha (pamussati的【過) 已忘記(being or having forgotten)

Pamutta, 參考pamuñcatipamutti【陰】自由,釋放。

Pamudita (pamodati的【過),已非常高興(greatly delighted)

Pamuyhati (pa+ muh(muh)昏迷+ya) 迷惑、著迷(is bewildered or infatuate) 【過】pamuyhi。【獨】pamuyhitvā, pamuyha

Pamussati (pa+mus +ya) 忘記。【過】pamussi。【過pamuṭṭha。【獨】pamussitvā

Pamūḷha (pamuyhati的【過) ,已迷惑。

Pameyya,【形】可量的,可限制的,可測的。

Pamokkha,【陽】釋放(release),解脫(deliverance),解放(letting loose, discharge)

Pamocana,【中】釋放,放鬆,救出。

Pamoceti (pa+muc釋放+e) 釋放,解脫。【過】pamocesi。【過pamocita。【獨】pamocetvā

Pamoda,【陽】高興,歡喜。

Pamodati (pa+mud+a)歡喜,享受,很高興。【過】pamodi。【過pamodita。【現pamodamāna。【獨】pamoditvā

Pamodanā,【陰】參考Pamoda

Pamohana,【中】騙局,錯覺(deception; delusion)

Pamoheti (pa+ muh(muh)昏迷+e) 騙、使迷惑、使著迷(deceives; bewilders; fascinates)。【過】pamohesi。【過pamohita。【獨】pamohetvā

Pampaka,【陽】懶猴(a loris)

Pamha,【中】睫毛(the eye-lash)

Paya﹐【陽、中】(mano),牛奶,水。

Payacchati (pa+yacchati of yam), 提供,呈(to offer, present, give)

Payata (pp. of payacchati), 【無】抑制的,淨化的(restrained, composed, purified, pure)payatapāṇi, 張開()(with outstretched hand, open-handed, liberal )

Payatana,【中】努力。

Payāti (pa+yā +a),向前去,出發,著手進行,潑()。【過】payāsi。【過payāta

Payirupāsati (pari+upa+ās+a),侍候(attends on)交往(associates)尊敬(honours)。【過】payirupāsi。【過payirupāsita。【獨】payirupāsitvāpayirupāseyya【未被】應被交往。

Payirupāsanā,【陰】侍候,結交。

Payuñjati (pa+yuj +-a),束以馬具(harnesses),雇用,應用。【過】payuñji。【過payutta。【現payuñjamāna。【獨】payuñjitvā

Payuttaka,【形】受任命一件工作的人,間諜。

Payoga﹐【陽】1.(means)工具(instrument, =karaa)2.準備,從事,事業,練習(preparation, undertaking, occupation, exercise)payogakaraa,【中】努力,追求。payogavipatti,【陰】方法的失敗,錯誤的應用。payogasampatti,【陰】方法的成功。

Payojaka, payojetu,【陽】指示者,處理者,經理。

Payojana (<pa+yuj),【中】1.做事業(undertaking business)2.約會(appointment)3.應用(prescript, injunction)4.使用(purpose, application, use)

Payojeti (pa+yuj+e) 參加,從事,應用,準備,雇用,使用,向挑戰。【過】payojesi。【過payojita。【現payojenta。【獨】payojetvā, payojiya

Payodhara,【陽】雨雲(a rain cloud),乳房(the breast of a woman)

Payyaka,【陽】內曾祖父(paternal great-grandfather)

Para(Ved. para, parā, para),【形】1.其他的,另外的,外國的,外僑的,局外人(beyond, on the further side of (with Abl. or Loc.), over, paro and parā & cp. cpds. like paraloka)2.他,敵(na para, 無障難,無敵,無對手)sg. Nom. paro, Acc. para, Gen. Dat. parassa, Instr. parena, Loc. paramhi, and pare; pl. Nom. pare, Acc. pare, Gen. Dat. paresa, Instr. parehipāra,【中】。parakata【形】他人所做的。parakāra【陽】他人的行動。parajana【陽】陌生人,局外人。parattha【陽】他人的福利。paradattūpajīvī【形】依他人所施而活的。paraneyya【形】被他人引導的。parapaccayaparapattiya【形】依靠他人的。parappavāda, 異道持他論者(指信仰佛教以外之言論者,一般稱「外道」)parapuṭṭha﹐【形】被他人教育的。parapessa﹐【形】服務他人的。parabhāga﹐【陽】後面的部分,外部的部份。paraloka【陽】彼世。paravambhana﹐【中】他人的輕視。paravāda﹐【陽】相反的見解。paravādī﹐【陽】論爭的對手。paravisaya【陽】外國,另外的王國。parasenā﹐【陽】敵軍。parahatthagata﹐【形】被敵人抓住的。parahita【陽】他人的福利。parahetu﹐【副】其他的原因。

1.(adv.& prep.) beyond, on the further side of (with Abl.or Loc.), over(para Gangāya, v.l.°āyaŋ).-- 2.(adj.) para follows the pron.declension; casessg.Nom.paro, Acc.paraŋ, Gen.Dat.parassa, Instr.parena, Loc.paramhi Sn 634, and pare; pl.Nom.pare, Acc.pare, Gen.Dat.paresa, Instr.parehi.-- Meanings(a) beyond, i.e."higher" in space (like Ved.para as opp. to avara lower), as well as "further" in time (i.e.future, to come, or also remote, pastsee Loc.pare under c.), freq.in phrase paro loko the world beyond, the world (i.e.life) to come, the beyond or future life (opp. ayaŋ loko) (asmā lokā paraŋ lokaŋ na socati), (asmiŋ loke paramhi ca); (paramhi loke); (id.=paraloke); but also in other combn, like santi-para (adj.) higher than calm.Cp.paraloka, paraŋ and paro.-- (b) another, other, adj.as well as n., pl.others(parassa dāraŋ nâtikkameyya), (paresa, cp.Nd1 150); (ko paro who else), (pare others); (parassa dāna); II.943 (pare, Loc.= paramhi parassa);(Gen.pl.); (paresa Dat.) (parassa purisassa & paraŋ purisaŋ).Often contrasted with and opposed to attano (one’s own, oneself), (para vambheti attānaŋ ukkaŋseti);(attāna samukkase para avajānāti); (paresa, opp. attanā); (att-attha opp. par-attha, see cpds.°ajjhāsaya & °attha).-- paro ...paro "the one ...the other" (kiŋ hi paro parassa karissati); paro paraŋ one another (paro paraŋ nikubbetha). In a special sense we find pare pl.in the meaning of "the others," i.e.outsiders, aliens (to the religion of the Buddha), enemies, opponents (like Vedic pare) (=paiviruddhā sattā).-- (c) some oblique cases in special meaning and used as adv.para Acc.sg.m.see under cpds., like parantapa; as nt.adv.see sep.In phrase puna ca paraŋ would be better read puna c’aparaŋ (see apara).--parena (Instr.) later on, afterwards (=aparena samayena C.).--pare (Loc.); in the past, before, yet earlier (where it continues ajja and hiyyo, i.e.to-day and yesterday, and refers to the day before yesterday.Similarly at Vin IV.63 pare is contrasted with ajja & hiyyo and may mean "in future," or "the day before yesterday." It is of interest to notice the Ved.use of pare as "in the future" opp. to adya & śvas); (the day before yesterday).(sve vā pare vā) and in the sense of "on the day after tomorrow." --parā (only apparently Abl., in reality either para+a° which represents the vocalic beginning of the second part of the cpd., or para+ā which is the directional prefix ā, emphasizing para.The latter expln is more in the spirit of the Pali language)see separately.--paro (old Abl.as adv.=Sk.paras) beyond furthersee sep.--parato (Abl.) in a variety of expressions and shades of meaning, viz.(1) from another, as regards others(attano parato ca).-- (2) from the point of view of "otherness," i.e.as strange or something alien, as an enemy (in "anicca"--passage);Miln.418 and passim; in phrase parato disvā "seen as not myself"(sakhāre parato passa, dukkhato mā ca attato).(3) on the other side of, away from, beyond(kuḍḍānaŋ).-- (4) further, afterwards, later on.-- Note.The compounds with para° are combinations either with para 1 (adv.prep.), or para 2 (adj.n.).Those containing para in form parā and in meaning "further on to" see separately under parā°.See also pāra, pārima etc.
  --ajjh
āsaya intent on others (opp. att°).--attha (parattha, to be distinguished from adv.parattha, q.v.sep.) the profit or welfare of another (opp. attattha).--âdhīna dependent on others(=paresu adhīno parass’eva ruciyā pavattati); (°vuttika); (°vutti, paresa bhāraŋ vahanto).--ûpakkama aggression of an enemy, violence.--ûpaghāta injuring others, cruelty.--ûpaghātin killing others(=paraŋ upahananto).--ûpavāda reproaching others.--kata see parakata.--kamma service of others, °kārin serving others.--kāra see below under parakāra.--kula clan of another, strange or alien clan.--kkanta [para° or parā° *krānta?] walked (by another? or gone over?).--kkama (parā+kram) exertion, endeavour, effort, strife (daha°); (purisa°); (purisa°);; adj.(-°) sacca° one who strives after the truth.--kkamati [*parakramati] to advance, go forward, exert oneself, undertake, show courage(ger. parakkamma);(imper. parakkāma, v.l.parakkama)(=payogaŋ karoti).--kkaroti [either for parā+k or more likely paras+k, cp.paro] lit."to put on the opposite side," i.e.to remove, do away with(corresponding to apaneti, C.explns as "parato kāreti," taking parato in the sense of para 2 c 3), (mā parākari=mā pariccaji C.).--gatta alien body, trsl."limbs that are not thou".--gavacaṇḍa violent against the cows of another (opp. sakagavacaṇḍa, cp.PugA 226yo attano gogaaŋ ghaṭṭeti, paragogae pana so rato sukhasīlo hoti etc.).--(n)kata made by something or somebody else, extra-self, extraneous, alien(nayidaŋ attakataŋ bimbaŋ nayidaŋ parakataŋ aghaŋ); with ref.to loka & dukkha and opposed to sayakata.--(n)kāra condition of otherness, other people, alienity(opp. ahakara 自我selfhood).--citta the mind or heart of others.--jana a stranger, enemy, demon, fig.devil (cp.Sk.itarajana) --tthaddha [parā+tthaddha] propped against, founded on, relying on (with Loc.) (=upatthadda C.).--tthabbha is to be read for °tthambha at, in meaning=°tthaddha (kismiŋ).--dattûpajīvin living on what is given by others, dependent on another’s gift.--davutta see sep.under parada --dāra the wife of another, somebody else’s wife (°sevanā) (°upasevin, cp.DhA III.482); (°kamma).--dārika (better to be read as pāra°) an adulterer.--dhammika "of someone else’s norm," one who follows the teaching of another, i.e.of an heretic teacher (Nd1 485ā vuccanti satta sahadhammika hapetvā ye keci Buddhe appasannā, dhamme appannā, saghe appasannā).--niṭṭhita made ready by others S I.236.--nimmita "created by another," in °vasavattin having power under control of another, N.of a class of Devas (see deva).--neyya to be led by another, under another’s rule (=parapattiya parapaccaya).--(n)tapa worrying or molesting another person (opp. attantapa).--pāṇa other living beings.--puggala other people.--putta somebody else’s son.

Para(adv.) after; beyond; further; on the other side of.|| pāra (adv.) beyond; across; over.Paraŋ (param°) (adv.) [orig.nt.of para] further, away (from); as prep.(w.Abl.) after, beyond; absolute only in phrase ito para from here, after this, further; also in tato paraṁ(從此之後).
  --par
ā (f.) [adv.converted into a noun paraŋ+Abl.of para] lit."after the other," i.e.succession, series Vin II.110; IV.77, 78 (parampara-bhojana "taking food in succession," successive feeding, see under bhojana, and cp.C.at Vin IV.77, 78 and Vin Texts I.38); (paramparāya in phrase anussavena p.itikirāya, as at Nd2 151); Bu I.79; J I.194; IV.35 (expld by C.as purisa°, viz.a series of husbands, but probably misunderstood, Kern, Toev.s.v.interperts as "defamation, ravishing"); Nett 79 (°parahetu); (sīsa°).--maraṇā (adv.) after death; usually in combn with kāyassa bhedā p.after the dissolution of the body, i.e.after death; absolutely only in phrase hoti Tathāgato p.

Parakkama,【陽】parakkamana,【中】努力(exertion; endeavour; effort)

Parakkamati (parā+kamm +a),發揮(exerts),勇氣(shows courage)。【過】parakkami。【過parakkanta。【現parakkamanta。【獨】parakkamitvā, parakkamma

Parattha,【無】【陽】在另外的一個地方中,將來(hereafter)

Paradāra,【陽】別人的妻子(somebody else’s wife)paradārakamma,【中】通姦。paradāragamana(=paradāragacchato),【形】去()他人的妻子,通的。paradārika, pāradārika,【陽】強暴他妻,者。

Parama,【形】較高的(superior),最好的(best),卓越的(excellent)paramatā,【陰】(在【合】中)最高的數量,最多。nāḷikodanaparamatāya = 最多1 nāḷi的飯量。paramattha,【陽】最高的理想,最終意義的事實。paramāyu ,【中】年限。

Paramāṇu,【陽】極微(au的第36個部份)

Paramparā,【陰】血統(lineage),世系(succession),系列(series)

Parammukha,【形】不在場的,臉轉開的。paramukhā,【副】不在場,在缺席中(in one’s absence)

Parasuve﹐【副】後天(day after tomorrow)

Parasu ,【陽】手斧(hatchet),斧(axe)

Para-﹐【字首】他,彼,相反的。

Parājaya,【陽】敗北(defeated),輸(losing at play)

Parājīyati (parājeti的【被】), 已被擊敗。【過】parājīyi

Parājeti (parā+ji +e), 擊敗,征服,使服從,贏,勝;直譯︰他勝。【過】parājesi。【過parājita。【現parājenta。【獨】parājetvāsagāme asurā jinisu devā parājinisu.(會戰中,諸阿修羅勝,而諸天戰敗。)

Parādhīna,【形】倚賴他人的,屬於他人的。

Parābhava,【陽】毀滅(ruin),恥辱(disgrace),退化(degeneration)

Parābhavati (parā+bhū+a) ,衰退,受毀滅。declines; goes to ruin.【過】parābhavi。【過parābhūta。【現parābhavanta

Parāmaṭṭha(pp. of parāmasaticp. BSk. aparāmṛṣta) 觸摸,抓取(touched, grasped, usually in bad sense: succumbing to, defiled, corrupted)。【反】dupparāmaṭṭhaapparāmaṭṭha

Parāmasati (pari+ā+mas(mṛś)+a), 觸摸,堅持,被執著,愛撫。【過】parāmasi。【過parāmasita。【現parāmasanta。【獨】parāmasitvā

ParāmasaParāmāsa,【陽】parāmasana,【中】碰觸,抓持(touching, seizing, taking up)。【三】傳染。

Parāyaa, Parāyana(<parā向其他+i, cp. Vedic parāyaa highest instance, also BSk. parāyaa),【中】歸宿,彼岸,支持,休,息減,最終(在【合】中)瞄準,終止在,注定要(final end, i. e. support, rest, relief)。【形】歸宿。【無】suggaparāyaa = 注定要出生在天堂。

Parāyatta,【形】屬於他人的。

Pari-,【字首】圓滿(all round),全部(altogether),完全地(completely)

Parikaḍḍhana,【中】曳(drawing over)拖拉(dragging)

Parikaḍḍhati (pari+kaḍḍh+acp. BSk. parikaḍḍhati), 拉過來(draws over or towards oneself),拖拉(drags),贏(to win over),引誘(seduce)。【過】parikaḍḍhi。【過parikaḍḍhita。【獨】parikaḍḍhitvācp. parikassati and samparikaḍḍhati.

Parikaḍḍhana,【中】拖拉(drawing, dragging along J.II,78; Miln.154.)

Parikathā,【陰】說明(exposition),介紹(an introduction),迂迴地談話(round-about talk)

Parikantati (pari+kant+a) , 切開、割破(cuts open or through)。【過】parikanti。【過parikantita。【獨】parikantitvā

Parikappa,【陽】意圖(intention),假定(assumption),想像(supposition)DhsA.(PTS:598CS:597)Sace ta rūpa cakkhussa āpātha āgaccheyya, cakkhumhi paihaññeyya ta rūpanti ayamettha parikappo.(假如色進入眼的範圍,於眼(淨色)當攝取色,於此,這稱為取像)

Parikappeti (pari+kap+e)計劃(intends),推測(surmises),推想(supposes) 【過】parikappesi。【過parikappita。【獨】parikappetvā

Parikamma,【中】安排,準備,初步行動,塗抺灰泥(arrangement; preparation; prelimenary action; plastering)parikammakata,【形】抺以泥灰的。parikammakāraka,【陽】準備者。paritta-parikamma,【中】開經偈。Vibhv.(PTS:p.197CS:p.257)Bhāvanāya paisakhārakammabhūtā, ādikammabhūtā vā pubbabhāgabhāvanā parikammabhāvanā nāma.(一再回到原本的工作(禪修對象)的修習,或初始原本工作的前分修習(前方便),稱為遍作修習)

Parikassati (pari+kas+a), 牽引(drags about),掃掉,倒退。【過】parikassi。【過parikassita

Parikiṇṇa (parikirati的【過)散布,包圍。

Parikitteti (pari+katt+e) , 詳細說明(expounds),稱讚(praises),公眾化(makes public)。【過】parikittesi。【過parikittita

Parikirati (pari+kir+a), 散布,包parikittita, scatters about; surrounds.【過】parikiri。【過parikiṇṇa。【獨】parikiriya, parikiritvā

Parikilanta (parikilamati的【過) 已被耗盡,已疲勞

Parikilamati (pari+kilam+a) , 非常疲倦,被耗盡,疲勞。【過】parikilami。【獨】parikilamitvā

Parikiliṭṭha (parikilissati的【過) 已沾染,已弄髒

Parikilinna , 【過已沾染,已弄髒,已骯髒已弄濕。

Parikilissati (pari+kilis+ya), 沾染,弄髒,招致不幸(gets stained or soiled; gets into trouble)。【過】parikilissi。【獨】parikilissitvā

Parikilissana,【中】雜質。

Parikuppati (pari+kup+ya) 感到興奮,很激動(is excited or much agitated)。【過】parikuppi。【過parikupita

Parikopeti (pari+kup+e) 非常興奮,氣。【過】parikopesi。【過parikopita。【獨】parikopetvā

Parikkamana,【中】在附近的空間,周圍的走道,盤旋,迴避(M.8./I,44.)

Parikkhaka,【陽】調查員,主考者,檢查員。parikkhaa,【中】調查,考試。

Parikkhata (parikhaati的【過) 1.挖出。2.受傷。3.準備,裝備。

Parikkhati (pari+ikkh+a), 檢查,調查。【過】parikkhi。【過parikkhita。【獨】parikkhipitvā

Parikkhaya(pari+khaya),【陽】遍盡,疲憊,廢物,衰退,損失。

Parikkhā, 參考parikkhaa

Parikkhāra(<*parikkharoti, cp. late Sk. parikāra),【中】必需品,資糧,零件,儀器,器具( requisite, accessory, equipment, utensil, apparatus)sakaparikkhāraparaparikkhāra(saka-parikkhāra-para-parikkhāra)自物.他物。

Parikkhitta (parikkhipati的【過)已環繞,已包圍

Parikkhipati (pari+khip+a), 環繞,包圍。encircles; surrounds.

【過】parikkhipi。【現parikkhipanta。【獨】parikkhipitvā。【潛】parikkhipitabba。【使】parikkhipāpeti

Parikkhīṇa (parikhīyati的【過) ,已耗盡。aparikkhīṇa, 未耗盡。

Parikhīyati(pari+khīyati of ki2)﹐已耗盡(to go to ruin, to be wasted or exhausted )(=parikhaya gacchati)

Parikkhepa,【陽】圍住(enclosure)(closing round),圓周(circumference)

Pariklesa,【陽】艱難(hardship),不純(impurity)

Parikhaati, paikhaati, (pari+khan+a)到處挖。【過】parikhai。【過parikhata。【獨】parikhaitvā

Parikhā,【陰】溝渠(a ditch),壕溝(a moat)

Parigahana,【中】調查(investigation),理解(comprehension)

Parigahāti (pari+gah+ṇā) ,探究,調查,搜尋,佔有,了解。【過】parigahiparigaggahita。【現parigahanta。【獨】parigahitvā, parigahetvāpariggayha

Parigilati (pari+gil+a) ,吞下。【過】parigili。【過parigilita。【獨】parigilitvā

Parigūhati (pari+gūh+a) 藏,隱藏。【過】parigūhi。【過parigūhita, parigūḷha。【獨】parigūhitvā, parigūhiya

Parigūhanā,【陰】藏,隱蔽。

Pariggaha,【陽】著手進行,擁有(),獲得,掌握,財產,妻子。攝受。

Pariggahita (parigahti的【過) ,已擁有,已佔有,已佔領。

Paricaya,【陽】練習,熟悉,相識。

Paricaraa,【中】注意,照顧,享樂。

Paricarati (pari+car+a) ,直譯:到處移動(to move about, to go about)1.服侍,照顧(look after)2.崇拜(to worship)3.流浪,感官享受,遊戲(to roam about, to amuse oneself, play)。【過】paricari。【獨】paricaritvāpariharati for paricarati; cp. paricāreti for parihāreti; paricaraṇā for pariharaṇā【過pariciṇṇa【使】paricāreti

Paricāraka,【形】服務,照顧。【陽】僕人,服務員。

Paricāraa,【中】照顧,款待。

Paricārika,【中】女僕人,妻子。

Paricāreti (paricarati 的【使】) , 服侍,等候,消遣。【過】paricāresi。【過paricārita【獨】paricāretvā

Pariciṇṇa, paricita (paricināti的【過) , 已熟練,已參加,已知曉,已累積,已習慣。

Paricumbati (pari+cub+-a) ,滿吻。【過】paricumbi。【過paricumbita(缺【獨】)

Paricca,【獨】辨別了,了解了。

Pariccajati (pari+caj +a), 放棄,遺棄,殘留,授予。【過】pariccaji。【過pariccatta。【現pariccajanta 。【獨】pariccajitvā。【不】pariccajitu

Pariccajana,【中】pariccāga,【陽】放棄,抛棄,贈予,出家。

Pariccatta(pariccajati的【過),已放棄。

Pariccāga,【陽】捐贈物,慈善。

Paricchanna (paricchādeti的【過) , 已遮遍,已包裝。

Paricchādanā,【陰】完全封蔽。

Paricchindati (pari+chid+-a) 劃線分出,限制,定義。【過】paricchindi。【過paricchinna。【獨】paricchindiya, paricchijja

Paricchindana,【中】定義,劃線分出,限制,分析。

Pariccheda(pari+chid),【陽】1.測定,(章節的)章,尺寸(exact determination, circumscription, range, definition, connotation, measure)2.界限,邊界(limit, boundary)3.限制,約束(limitation, restriction)4.區分(division (of time), in rattipariccheda夜分 & divāpariccheda日分)5.計劃((town)--planning, designing)

Paricchedaka (<pariccheda,【形】決定(determining, fixing)

Paricchedarūpa,【中】界限色;28種色法之一。「界限色」有時譯作「虛空界」(ākāsadhātu),但是它不是單純的虛空,而是色聚與色聚緊鄰的空隙。

Parijana(pari+jana“the people round”) ,【陽】隨行人員、隨扈(retinue),從者(followers),隨從(attendants)

Parijanana,【中】parijānanā(pari+jānanā=jānana) ,【陰】知識,認識(cognition, recognition, knowledge)

Parijānāti (pari+ñā+nā) 遍知(完全知道),肯定,了解。【過】parijāni。【過pariññāta。【現parijanantaparijāna。【獨】parijānitvā, pariññāya

Parijjiṇṇa(Parijjīyati的【過),已磨破,已衰退。

Parijjīyati﹐磨破,衰退。

Pariññā ( parijñā),【陰】遍知、完全的理解(full understanding)三遍知(tisso pariññā)一、知遍知(ñāta pariññā)--包括「名色分別智」與「緣攝受智」二、審察遍知(tīrāṇa pariññā亦作度遍知)--「思惟智」和「生滅隨觀智」的作用是審察與辨明一切名色法及其諸因的無常、苦與無我三相。三、斷遍知(pahāna pariññā)--從「壞滅隨觀智」(bhaga ñāṇa)開始的觀智,見到一切名色法及其諸因的壞滅,和這些法的無常、苦與無我三相。於此暫時斷除煩惱。

Pariññāta, 完全知道。參考Parijānāti(肯定,了解,真知)

Pariññāya,(parijānāti的【獨】)肯定後,了解後

Pariññeyya,【中】應該被正確地知道的。

Paridayhati (pari+dah放置+ya), 被燃燒,被使燒焦。【過】paridayhi。【過parinata。【獨】paridayhitvā

Paridayhana,【中】燒。

Pariṇāta (Pariṇāmati的【過), 已被轉換成,已成熟,已到期。

Pariṇāmati (pari+nam+a) 被轉換成,成熟,到期,消化。【過】pariamiYena ca santappati yena ca jiriyati yena ca pariayhati yena ca asitapītakhāyitasāyita sammā pariṇāma gacchati.(由於它()被溫暖,由於它而衰老,由於它而被燒,由於它所食、所飲、所嚼、所嚐消化良好。)

Parinaya,【陽】婚姻(marriage)

Pariṇāma (fr. pari+nam, cp. class Sk. pariṇāmabending round”),【陽】1.變化(change, alteration, in utupariṇāma (sudden) change of season, unseasonable weather, with ref. to illnesses caused by such (pariṇāmaja ābādhā)=illness arising from the change of season A.II,87; III,131; V,110; Nd2 3041; Miln.112, 135 sq., 304; Vism.31.)2.消化(alteration of food, digestion, in phrase sammā-pariṇāma gacchati M.I,188; S.I,168; A.III,30; cp. MVastu I.211.)3.成熟(ripening Miln.93. )4.發展(course, development, fulfilment, in special sense: dispensation, destiny J.V,171; Pv IV.325; PvA.252, 254)cp. vipariṇāma(變易)

Pariṇāmana (fr. parinamati), 【陽】【中】挪用,挪為某人使用(diverting to somebody’s use)

Pariṇāmeti (pari+nam+e)挪用,充用,獲得,換成,變化,斡旋。【過】parinamesi。【過pariṇāmita。【獨】parinametvā

Pariṇāyaka【陽】引導者,領袖。pariṇāyakaratana【中】轉輪王的主帥。【陰】pariṇāyikā﹐女領袖,洞察力。

Parināha,【陽】周圍,尺寸,圓周。

Paritappati (pari+tap(tap)+ya),使悲傷,煩惱。【過】paritappi

Paritassati (paritasati) (pari+tas+ya)(pari+tasati1,paritṛṣyati, but freq.confused with tasati2, Sn 924 is the only example of paritasati representing tasati2), 興奮,焦慮,顯示渴望(to be excited, to be tormented, to show a longing after, to be worried)。【過】paritassi。【過paritassita。【現aparitassa【過paritasita

Paritassanā(<paritassati),【陰】恐懼,緊張,刺激,渴望(trembling, fear; nervousness, worry; excitement, longing(=ubbijjanā phandanā etc. DA. I,111))

Paritapa,【陽】paritapana(pari+tāpana, of tap),【中】苦惱,痛苦,苦修。

Paritapeti (pari+tap(tap)+e), 使燒焦,折磨,調戲。【過】paritapesi。【過paritapita。【獨】paritapetvā

Parituleti (pari+tul+e)(重量),考慮。【過】paritulesi。【過paritulita。【獨】parituletvā

Parito【副】周圍,在每邊,各處。

Paritoseti (pari+tus+e)使滿足,使快樂。【過】paritosesi。【過paritosita。【獨】paritosetva

Paritta, parittaka,【形】小的,不重要的,一點點,些許的。

Paritta, 【中】1.少許(small; insignificant; little)2.護衛經,保護經(protection; protective sutta, Vism.414.說到寶經Kh.、蘊護經、旗頂保護經S.11.2./I,218.、稻竿保護經D.32./III,194.、孔雀保護經等各種護衛經)parittasutta,【中】施法線(enchanted thread)

Parittāna, Parittāṇa,【中】保護,避難所,安全。

Parittāyaka,【形】保護的,保護。

Paridahati (pari++dah放置+a), 穿上,給穿上,給自己穿上。【過】paridahi。【過paridahita。【獨】paridahitvā

Paridahana,【中】穿著,給自己穿著。

Paridīpaka,【形】說明的,照亮的。

Paridīpana,【中】paridīpanā,【陰】解釋,例証。

Paridīpeti (pari+dīp+e), 解釋,說明,照明。【過】paridipesi。【過paridīpita。【現paridipenta。【獨】paridipetvā

Paridūseti (pari+dūs+e) 完全破壞。【過】paridūsesi。【過paridūsita。【獨】paridūsetvā

Parideva(pari+deva of dev),【陽】悲嘆(wailing),哀悼(lamentation)M.10./I,62.“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paridevo? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa 1ādevo 2paridevo 3ādevanā 4paridevanā 5ādevitatta 6paridevitatta, aya vuccati, bhikkhave, paridevo. (復次,諸比丘!什麼是呢?諸比丘!凡是俱有種種不幸,為種種苦法所惱的1(m.)2悲痛(m.)3嘆息(f.)4悲哀(f.)5悲歎(n.)6悲愴(n.),諸比丘!這稱為)

Paridevati (pari+dev(dev/div)悲痛﹑哀悼+a) , 悲嘆,哀悼。【過】paridevi。【過】。【獨】paridevitvā。【現paridevanta, paridevamāna

Paridevana,【陰】悲嘆,哀悼。

Paridevita【中】悲嘆。

Paridhamsaka,【形】毀滅性的,破壞性的,毀滅性地說的人。

Paridhāvati (pari+dha+a),亂跑。runs about.【過】paridhāvi。【過paridhāvita。【獨】paridhavitvā

Paridhota (paridhovati的【過)已純淨。

Paridhovati (pari+dhov+a), 四處洗,純淨。washes all round; cleanses.【過】paridhovi

Parinitthāna,【中】結束,成就。

Parinitthāpeti (pari+ni+hā +āpe) 結束,完成。【過】parinitthapesi。【過parinitthapita。【獨】parinitthapetvā

Parinibbāna,【中】般涅槃,圓寂(阿羅漢最後一生的逝世)parinibbapāna,【中】完全消失、完全冷却(complete extinction or cooling) upahacca-parinibbāna,生般涅槃,三果聖者於欲界死後生至色界時,立即斷五上分結而般涅槃。antarāparinibbāna﹐中般涅槃,三果聖者於欲界死後生至色界至壽命的一半,即斷滅五上分結而般涅槃。 sasakhāra-parinibbāna﹐有行般涅槃,三果聖者生色界後,努力修行,斷五上分結之後而般涅槃。asasakhāra-parinibbāna﹐無行般涅槃,三果聖者於欲界死後生色界,不必加行而斷五上分結而般涅槃。Uddhasoto akaniṭṭhagāmī(=uddhasoto hoti akaniṭṭhagāmin)()上流阿迦膩吒般涅槃。akaniṭṭha,阿迦膩吒(即指色究竟天)。先往生色界初禪天,漸次上生至色究竟天,於其間久時乃斷五上分結而般涅槃。

Parinibbāti (pari+ni+va+a)入滅(dies without being reborn(覺悟者)死後不再轉世)。【過】parinibbāyi。【過parinibbuta。【獨】parinibbāyitvā

Parinibbāyī﹐【形】入滅者(one who has attained the final release)

Paripakka (paripaccati的【過)﹐已相當成熟,已充分地成熟。paripakkavedanīya kamma﹐熟報業,因緣具足已成熟的業報。

Paripatati , Paripaati (pari+pat落下+a)跌倒,走向毀滅。【過】paripati。【過paripatita

Paripantha,【陽】危險,障礙。paripanthika,【形】阻隔的,反對的。corā pāripanthikāti gahetvā sīsacchinnāna lohita passanna paggharita.為盜賊攔路(搶劫)而被捕,被砍頭流出之血。

Paripāka,【陽】成熟,發展。sattva-paripāka, sattva-paripācanatā,【梵】成熟有情。

Paripācana,【中】成熟,發展。

Paripāceti (pari+pac+e)﹐使成熟,發展,斡旋。【過】paripacesi。【過paripacita

Paripāteti (pari+pat落下+e)﹐攻擊,跌倒,殺,帶來毀滅。【過】paripatesi。【過paripatita。【獨】paripatetvā

Paripāleti (pari+pal +e)﹐保護,保衛,看守。protects; guards; watches.【過】paripalesi。【過paripalita。【獨】paripaletvā

Paripīleti (pari+pīḷ虐待+e),壓迫。oppresses.【過】paripīlesi。【過paripīlita

Paripucchaka,【形】發問者,調查者。

Paripucchati (pari+pucch詢問+a)﹐質問,查究。【過】paripucchi。【過paripucchita, pariputtha。【獨】paripucchitvā

Paripucchā(pari+pucchā),【陰】問題,審問,遍問(完全的研究與討論疑難)(question, interrogation)

Paripuṇṇa (paripūrati的【過) ,已相當滿,已實現,已完全,已完美。paripuṇṇaviriya﹐卯足全力的精進。paripuṇṇatā,【陰】滿,完全。

Paripūra,【形】滿的,完全的。paripūraka,【形】裝滿者,實踐者。paripūrakārita,【陰】完成。【陽】完成者,實踐者。paripūraa,【中】實踐,完美。DA.21./III,706.Sīlesu paripūrakārinīti pañcasu sīlesu paripūrakārinī.(於戒圓滿︰圓滿五戒者。)

Paripūrati (pari+ pūr(p / pṛṇ/ pūr)充滿+a),變成充滿,變成完美。【過】paripūri。【過paripuṇṇa。【獨】paripūritvā

Paripūreti (paripūrati 的【使】),填充,實踐,完成,圓滿,遍滿。【過】paripūresi。【過paripūrita。【現paripūrenta。【獨】paripūretvā, paripūriya。【潛】paripūretabba

Paripphua (paripūreti的【過)已充滿,已遍及。

Pariplava,【形】不穩定的,動搖的,背離的。

Pariplavati (pari+pla+a) ,顫抖,偏斜,到處漫游。【過】pariplavi。【過pariplavita

Pariphandati (pari+phand+a) 戰慄,悸動。【過】pariphandi。【過pariphandita

Paribāhira,【形】外部的,外國的,局外人。

Paribbajati (pari+vaj+a) ,到處游蕩(wonders about)。【過】paribbaji

Paribbaya,【陽】費用,花費,薪水。

Paribbājaka,【陽】遍行者,雲遊僧。遊行僧(a wandering religious mendicant)。另有遊行僧āgantuka﹐【梵】。

Paribbājika,【陰】雲遊尼。遊行尼(a wandering nun)

Paribbūlha, (paribrūhati的【過) 包含,包圍。

Paribbhamati (pari+bham+a) 到處走走,到處漫遊。【過】paribbhami。【過paribbhanta。【現paribbhamanta。【獨】paribbhamitvā

Paribbhamana,【中】到處漫遊,四周旋轉。

Paribbhameti (paribbhamati 的【使】) 使旋轉。【過】paribbhamesi。【過paribbhamita。【獨】paribbhametvā

Paribhaṭṭha (paribhassati的【過) 己跌落,已下降。

Paribhaṇḍa,【陽】在地面上抺灰泥,環繞。paribhandakata,【形】抺過泥灰的。

Paribhava,【陽】paribhavana,【中】輕視,濫用。

Paribhavati (pari+bhū+a) 不尊敬,輕視(also paribhoti, to treat with contempt, to neglect, despise)。【過】paribhavi。【過paribhabhūta。【現paribhavanta, paribhavamāna。【獨】paribhavitvā。【義】paribhotabba。【使】paribhāveti

Paribhāvita (paribhāveti的【過) ,已訓練,已穿透,已熟練,已混合,已裝滿,已養育。

Paribhāsa,【陽】paribhāsana,【中】辱駡,過失,責難。paribhasaka,【形】虐待者,辱駡者,辱駡的,責備者。

Paribhāsati (pari+bhas+a) 辱駡,責駡,誹謗。【過】paribhāsi 。【過paribhasita。【現paribhāsamāna 。【獨】paribhasitvā

Paribhinna (paribhindati的【過),已打破,已劈開,已使分歧。

Paribhuñjati (pari+bhuj+-a) 使用享受。【過】paribhuñji。【過paribhutta。【現paribhubjanta, paribhubjamāna, 【獨】paribhubjitvā, paribhutvā, paribhuñjiya。【潛】paribhubjitabbaM.55./I,369.So ta piṇḍapāta agathito amucchito anajjhopanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraapañño paribhuñjati.(他對其糰食已不束縛、不迷戀、不耽著、見災患者,知出離而受用之。)

Paribhutta,(paribhuñjati的【過) 已吃,使用,享受。

Paribhūta (paribhavati的【過)已不尊敬,已輕視,已濫用,已辱駡。

Paribhoga,【陽】使用,享樂,飼養,享受的物質。paribhogacetiya,【中】聖地(佛陀用過的東西進而演變成聖物)

Paribhojaniya,【形】適合被用的。paribhojaniyudaka,【中】洗用水。

Parimajjaka,【陽】擦者,撫摸者。

Parimajjaka(< pari+marj(mj)),【形】觸及,到達(touching, reaching (up to))

Parimajjati(pari+majjati< maj) 1.拭去拭掉(to wipe away, wipe off or out)2.觸,撫摸,擊打(to touch, stroke)3.,擦亮,掃(to rub, polish, groom (a horse))。【過】parimajji。【過parimajjita, parimaṭṭha。【獨】parimajjitvā

Parimajjana(< parimajjati),【中】1.擦,拭掉(wiping off or out, Pug 33 ukkhaliparimajjana, 擦鍋)2.擦,掃(rubbing, grooming (a horse))

Parimaṇḍala,【形】【陽】圓的,圓形的,給人深刻印象的。Parimaṇḍala nivāsessāmī’ti, sikkhā karaṇīyā.(「我要圓整地整齊穿好(內裙)」,應當學)(比丘守則七十五應學法的第一條)

Parimandala 【副】整個圍繞著。

Parimaddati (pari+madd(md)壓碎+a) ,擦,壓破,按摩(to rub, crush, rub off, treat, shampoo, massage)。【過】parimaddi。【過parimaddita。【獨】parimadditvā

Parimaddana,【中】摩擦,壓碎,征服,按摩。

Parimasati(pari+ mas(mṛś)+a),接觸,碰觸(to touch, stroke, grasp)pp. parimaṭṭha (same as pp. of parimajjati)

Parimāṇa(pari+mā),【中】尺寸,範圍,界限。【形】(在【合】中)測定,包含,擴充。

Parimita (parimiṇāti的【過) ,已測量,已限制,已約束。

Parimukha(pari+mukha口、面),【副】

在前面( in front of)鼻端鼻子正下方

人中或它的附近部位上的任何一處。都

可作為專注入、出息所依靠的接觸點。

ujuj kāya paidhāya, parimukha sati upaṭṭhapetvā.(使身正直,起正念於鼻端。《中阿含經》作:正身正願,反念不向)。《分別論》Vibh.p.294#537. “Parimukha sati upaṭṭhapetvā”ti tattha katamā sati? Yā 1sati 2anussati 3paissati 4saraatā 5dhāraatā 6apilāpanatā 7asammusanatā sati 8satindriya 9satibala] 10sammāsati--aya vuccati “sati”. Aya sati upaṭṭhitā hoti supaṭṭhitā nāsikagge vā mukhanimitte vā. …”(「使存念於口上(parimukhapari+ mukha)」者,此中,什麼是「(sati),凡是1(處在記住)2隨念(一而再地記住)3回想(當面記住,離去後,再回想)4記住(免得再記)5憶持性(聽聞與誦習的憶持)6不漂浮性(溶入所緣)7不忘性(久做久說都不忘。不失憶性(asammusanatā=  naṭṭha-muṭṭhassatitā))8念根(使作統治的根)9念力(沒有懶惰的搖擺)10正念(正確的念、有利可圖的念、善念),這被稱作「念」,此「念」存續、善存續在鼻端(nāsika-agge)或在口相(mukhanimitte) 以念住於鼻端被稱為「念」的存續之後) (cf. DhsA.p.147.CS:p.191)DA.2./I,210-1.Parimukha sati upaṭṭhapetvāti kammaṭṭhānābhimukha sati hapayitvā.  Mukhasamīpevā katvāti attho.  Teneva Vibhage vutta-- “aya sati upaṭṭhitā hoti sūpaṭṭhitā nāsikagge vā mukhanimitte vā, tena vuccati parimukha sati upaṭṭhapetvā”ti (vibha.537).  Athavā parīti pariggahaṭṭho.  Mukhanti niyyānaṭṭho.  Satīti upaṭṭhānaṭṭho. (「念」存續於遍口(鼻端)之後︰使念被放置於業處的前面,放置接近於口之意或然,︰掌握之意。︰釋放之意。︰存續之意。《分別論》說︰此「念」存續、善存續在鼻端(nāsika-agge)或在口相(mukhanimitte))以念住於鼻端被稱為「念」的存續之後) 《沙門果經》新疏(D2./pg.2.124)Nāsikaggeti nāsapuagge. Mukhanimitta nāma uttaroṭṭhassa vemajjhappadeso, yattha nāsikavāto paihaññati.(鼻端鼻腔出口口相是上唇的中部空氣出入鼻孔時磨擦之處。)parimukha’ 在此譯作:「人中(鼻下溝中,正中上方1/3)附近」,或「(鼻下)口上」較寫實;譯:面前、全面、in frontbeforefacing皆不夠精確。「面前」或「前面」,也可用pamukha(pa(pra-), ),或sammukha前面,或paimukha對面。

Parimuccati (pari+muc釋放+ya) ,被釋放,逃脫。【過】parimucci。【過parimutta。【獨】parimuccitvā

Parimuccana,【中】釋放,逃亡。

Parimutta(parimuccati的【過)已被釋放,已逃脫。

Parimutti,【陰】釋放,解脫。

Parimoceti (pari+muc釋放+e) 釋放,解脫。【過】parimocesi。【過parimocita。【獨】parimocetvā

Pariyatti,【陰】聖典(the Scriptures)pariyattidhara,【形】精通聖經的。knowing Scripture by heart.pariyattidhamma,【陽】pariyattisāsana,【中】聖典(code of the Holy Texts)眾經撰雜譬喻(14) (T4.534.3)︰「若有凡人解深經一句,口誦心念,身中三毒四魔八萬垢門,皆不能自安,何況博採眾法,為世橋梁者也。

Pariyanta,【陽】末端,界限,高潮。pariyantavati(pariyanta節度+vati圍牆),【陰】有節度。

pariyantakata,【形】限制的,約束的。

Pariyantika,【形】(在【合】中)終止在,由所限制的。

Pariyayadassavin, 看見法門者。

Pariyāti (pari+ya+a) ,四處走動。

Pariyādāti (pari+a+da+a=pari+ādāti),極端地繼續(to take up in an excessive degree),用盡(to exhaust)。【過pariyādinna, pariyādiṇṇa。【獨】pariyādāya。【被】pariyādiyati

Pariyādiyatipariyādiyyati(pari+ādiyati, pariyādāti的【被】)﹐遍拿(直譯),控制(overpower),變成耗盡(to become exhausted)。【過】pariyadiyi。【過pariyādinna。【獨】pariyādiyitvāpot. pariyādiyeyyager. °adiyitvā。【反】parivaḍḍhati﹐遍增長。

Pariyāpanna (【過)已包含,已屬於,已進入。【反】apariyāpanna

Pariyāpajjati (pari+āpajjati), 被完成(to be finished)。【現pariyāpanna。【使】pariyāpādeti

Pariyāputa (pariyāpuati的【過) ,已精通。

Pariyāpuana,【中】學習。

Pariyāpuṇāti (pari+a+pu+a) ,徹底地學習,精通。【過】pariyāpuni。【過pariyāputa。【獨】pariyapuitvā

Pariyāya(<pari +i, cp. Class. Sk. paryāya) (lit. “going round”旋轉),【陽】1.教導、權巧(=desanāinstruction))2.課程(=vārasuccession, course)3.原因(= kāraa (cause, reason, also case, matter))4.安排(arrangement, disposition, in phrase pariyāya karoti to arrange D.I,179; or change of habit, see Dial I.245)。繼續,道路,習慣,份量(what goes on, way, habit, quality, property)anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito,(以種種權巧令知法。) Sp.Pārā.I,132.(cf. D.1-1./I,63.)ayañhi pariyāyasaddo desanā-vāra-kāraesu vattati.(‘pariyāya1.權巧2.旋轉3.原因。)

Pariyayakatha,【陰】大約談話。

Pariyāhata (pariyahanati的【過) 已撞擊,已撞。

Pariyāhanati (pari+ā+han+a) 擊,撞。【過】pariyahani。【過pariyahata

Pariyāhanana (< pari+ā+han) ,【中】擊,撞(striking, beating Vism.142 (āhanana- in exposition of vitakka)=DhsA.114 (“circumimpinging” Expos. 151)

Pariyuṭṭhāti (pari+u+hā+a) 出現,彌漫。【過】pariyuṭṭhāsi。【過pariyuṭṭhita

Pariyuthāna(pari+uṭṭhāna﹐梵paryuṭṭhāna),【中】纏(現行煩惱,相對於「隨眠」(潛在的煩惱)),爆發(outburst),偏愛,先入為主觀念。偏見(prepossession)【過pariyuṭṭhitathīnamiddhapariyuṭṭhita﹐睡眠纏。十纏:一無慚、二無愧、三嫉、四慳、五悔、六睡眠、七掉舉、八昏沉、九瞋忿、十覆也。見智度論七,俱舍論二十一。

Pariyeṭṭhi,【陰】尋找(search for)

Pariyesati (pari+es+a) ,尋找,搜尋,調查,尋求(sim5 kiu5)。【過】pariyesi。【過pariyesita。【現pariyesanta, pariyesamāna。【獨】pariyesitvā

Pariyesanā,【陰】搜尋,探索。

Pariyoga,【陽】沙鍋,面盆,湯盆,咖哩鍋。

Pariyogāḷha, (pariyogahati的【過) 已跳入,已看穿。parigahana﹐【中】。

Pariyogāhati (pari+av+gāh衝進+a) 跳入,看穿,穿透,細察。【過】pariyogāhi。【獨】pariyogahitvā

Pariyogāhana,【中】投入,清淨。

Pariyodapanā,【陰】洗淨,清淨。

Pariyodapeti(=pariyodāpayati) (pari+ava+dā+āpe) 使清潔,淨化。【過】pariyodapesi。【過pariyodapita

Pariyodāta,【形】非常乾淨的,純粹的。

Pariyonaddha, pariyonandhati的【過】。

Pariyonandhati (pari+av+nah+-a)限制(某人的)自由,束縛(某人) 包封,掩蓋。【過】pariyonandhi

Pariyonahana,【中】pariyonāha【陽】覆蓋,包封。

Pariyosāna,【中】盡頭,結論,完美,結束,究竟,最高境界。《增支部》(A.6.52.)〈剎帝利經〉提到:一位生聞婆羅門(憍薩羅國的大典尊)問世尊六類人的欲求、用心(近伺)、依靠、安頓與究竟(最高境界)世尊一一回答(cf.《增壹阿含37.8經》(T2.714.2),《中阿含149經》何欲經(T1.660.3))。〈法雨雜誌〉第6期,更增加六類人。

Pariyosāpeti (pari+ava+sa+āpe) 結束,完成,總結。【過】pariyosapesi(【過pariyosapita。【獨】pariyosapetvā

Pariyosita( pariyosapeti的【過),已完成,已總結,已滿足。

Parirakkhati (pari+rakkh+a),參考 rakkhati

Parirakkhana,【中】保衛,保護。

Parillaka(cp. Sk. pirilī, pirillī Bh. Sah. 86, 44) 一種鳥(of a bird) (ThA.1, 49).

Pariḷāha(pari+ah)﹐【陽】熱惱,苦惱,熱。pariḷāhanānatta﹐種種熱惱。pariḷāhasamaya﹐熱時。uhasamaya﹐暑時。sapariḷāha﹐【陽】有熱惱。

Parivaccha,【中】準備,用具。

Parivajjana,【中】避免,避開

Parivajjeti (pari+vaj +e) 避開,避免,遠離。【過】parivajjesi。【過parivajjita。【現parivajjenta。【獨】parivajjetvā

Parivaṭṭa,【中】圓周。

Parivatta (Parivattati 的【過), 已旋轉,已滾動。

Parivattaka,【形】交換的,滾動的,旋轉的,扭轉的,滾動的人,翻譯者。

Parivattati (pari+vat+a), 旋轉,滾動,見異思遷。【過】parivatti。【獨】parivattitvā。【現parivattamāna

Parivattana,【中】旋轉,滾動,翻譯。

Parivatteti (Parivattana的【使】), 旋轉,滾動,背誦,交換,翻譯。【過】parivattesi。【過parivatita。【獨】parivattetvā, parivattiya。【現parivattenta

Parivasati (pari+vas2+a), 1.停留,住(to stay, dwell)2.別住(parivāsa(波利婆沙),罰令獨宿,靜思其過),在緩刑(to live under probation)。【過】parivasi。【過parivuṭṭha & parivutthagrd. parivasavatthabba; Sn.697 (=pabbajitvā tāpasavesena vasati SnA 490). -- ppr. med. paribbasāna.

Parivāra(pari+ var(v)),【陽】1.隨行人員,隨員,壯麗,從者。2.[律藏]附隨(Vin.Pari.)parivāraka,【形】陪伴。

Parivāraa,【中】包圍。

Parivāreti (pari+var+e), 包圍,跟隨。【過】parivāresi。【過parivārita。【獨】parivāretvā

Parivāsita (parivāseti 的【過), 已發香味,已發出氣味。

Parivitakka (pari+vi+tak思索),【陽】反映,考慮周詳

Parivitakketi (pari+vi+tak思索+e), 反映,考慮周詳。【過】parivitakkesi。【過parivitakkita。【獨】parivitakketvā

Parivisati (pari+vis+a), 以食物招待,在他人用餐時侍立一旁。【過】parivisi。【獨】parivisitvā

Parivīmasati (pari+vi+ma+-a), 考慮,徹底地考慮,遍觀。【過】parivīmasi

Parivuta, (parivāreti 的【過) 已包圍,已跟隨

Parivea,【中】被隔開的僧居所。(目前它意謂爲:宗教教所)

Parivesaka(pari+vi),【形】侍候飲食的人(waiting, serving up meals)

Parivesanā(pari+vis),【陰】分配食物、飼養、侍候飲食(distribution of food, feeding, serving meals)

Parivyaya梵語西藏語 spod(藥味之義)。指五種有辛味之蔬菜,五辛,又作五葷。五辛:() (大蒜、蒜頭、葫菱、家蒜,巴lasua;梵 laśuna)、蔥(慈蔥、胡蔥、春蔥,梵 latārka)、路蕎(蕎菜、小根菜、小蒜、野韭、宅蒜、菜芝、山擇蒜、薤白頭、薤子、野蒜、介白、小獨蒜,梵 palāṇḍu)、革蔥(茖蔥、山蔥、革山蔥、薤,梵gṛñjana)、興渠(阿魏、胡荽,梵higu)等五種。Vin.Cv.II,141.CS:p.282ābādhappaccayā lasua khāditun”ti.(病緣,許食蒜。)(巴利律及其他部派的律藏沒有提到不准吃其他四辛。)

Parisakkati (pari+sakk +a), 努力試。【過】parisakki。【過parisakkita

Parisagata,【形】加入一個團體的。

Parisakati (pari+sak+-a), 懷疑,有憂慮。【過】parisaki。【過parisakita。【獨】parisakitvā

Parisakā,【陰】懷疑。

Parisadūsaka,【陽】害群之馬。

Parisappati (pari+sap服務+a), 到處爬行。【過】parisappi。【過parisappita

Parisappanā,【陰】到處爬行,發抖,懷疑,猶豫(台語:躊躇tiu5 ti5)

Parisamantato,【副】到處,周圍。

Parisambāhati (pari+sa+bāh+a), 完全按摩,完全觸摸。【過】parisambāhi。【獨】parisambāhitvāparisambāhanta【現】。

Parisahati (pari+sah勝過+a), 克服,征服。【過】parisahasahi

Parisā,【陰】(集體名詞)群眾、會眾、類眾、徒眾parisāvacara,【形】手足情誼(在團體中活動的人),議員。〔它的尾母音在【合】被弄短,例:parisapariyanta, pari-samajjha〕。aṭṭha parisā,八眾 (eight assemblies)1.khattiya-parisā,剎帝利眾(the assembly of Khattiyas)2.brāhmaa-parisā,婆羅門眾 (the assembly of Brahmins)3.gahapati-parisā 居士眾 (the assembly of householders)4.samaa-parisā,沙門眾(the assembly of ascetics)cātummahārājika-parisā,5.四大()王眾(the assembly of devas of the Realm of the Four Great Kings)6.tāvatisa-parisā,三十三天眾(the assembly of the Thirty-Three Gods)7.māra-parisā,魔眾(the assembly of Māras)8.brahma-parisā,梵眾(the assembly of Brahmās)mahatī parisā, 大眾(大群的會眾)cf. sagha, gaa, vagga

Parisiñcati (pari+sic傾倒+-a), 到處灑。【過】parisiñci。【過parisitta。【獨】parisiñcitvā

Parisujjhati (pari+sudh(śudh / śundh)弄乾淨+ya), 變成乾淨,使潔淨,使淨化。【過】parisujjhi。【現parisujjhanta。【獨】parisujjhitvā

Parisuddha (Parisujjhati的【過), 已清理,已純粹,已完美。tikoiparisuddha﹐三際清淨(不自作、不教他作、不讚嘆作(殺、盜、淫、妄語、離間語、麤惡語、綺語))(S.55.7./V,354~5.)

Parisuddhi,【陰】純淨,清淨。有四遍清淨戒(catupārisuddhisīla):一、別解脫律儀戒(pātimokkhasavarasīla):比丘守則,共有227戒。二、根律儀戒(indriyasavarasīla):以正念防護六根,不迎可喜、不拒可厭的對象。三、活命遍淨戒(ājīvaparisuddhisīla) :比丘應以適合的方式活命。四、資具依止戒(paccayasannissitasīla):使用衣、食、住、葯(或必需品)之前、之時、之後,適當地省察運用它們的正確目的。pārisuddhi-uposatha, 清淨布薩。pārisuddhi-dāna, 清淨布施。 ājīva-pārisuddhi, 生活清淨。vacī-pārisuddhi, 語清淨。sīla-pārisuddhi, 戒清淨。dassana-pārisuddhi, 見清淨。

Parisussati (pari+sus(śu)弄乾+ya), 乾涸,浪費掉。【過】parisussi。【過parisukkha。【獨】parisussitvā

Parisussana,【中】完全乾涸,凋萎。

Parisedita (parisedeti 的【過), 已蒸熱,已孵。

Parisedeti (pari+sid +e), 孵,蒸熱。

Parisodhana,【中】洗淨,使淨化。

Parisodheti (pari+sudh(śudh / śundh)弄乾淨+e), 使清潔,使清淨。【過】parisodhesi。【過parisodhita。【獨】parisodhetvā, parisodhiya。【潛】parisodhayi

Parisoseti (pari+sus+e), 弄乾,蒸發。【過】parisosesi。【過parisosita

Parissajati (pari+saj黏住+a), 擁抱。【過】parissaji。【過parissajita。【現parissajanta。【獨】parissajitvā

Parissajana,【中】擁抱。

Parissanta,【過】已疲累,已疲勞。

Parissama,【陽】努力,辛勞,疲勞,疲憊。

Parissaya,【陽】危險,風險,麻煩。

Parissāvana,【中】濾水器,過濾器,濾器。

Parissāveti (pari+sav(sru)流動+e), 濾,過濾。【過】parissāvesi。【過parissāvita。【獨】parissāvetvā

Pariharaa,【中】pariharaṇā,【陰】保持,保護,注意。

Pariharati (parihārati, parihīrati) (pari+har+a), 持續,保護,隨身攜帶,避免。【過】parihari。【過pariharita, parihaa。【獨】pariharitvā。【義】paritabba。【3.祈】pariharantuD.16./II,100.Tathāgatassa kho, Ānanda, na eva hoti-- ‘Aha bhikkhusagha pariharissāmī’ti vā ‘mamuddesiko bhikkhusagho’ti vā.

Parihasati (pari+has+a), 嘲笑嘲弄。【過】parihasi。【獨】parihasitvā

Parihāna(<pari+hā減少)【陰】損失(diminution),減少(decrease),浪費掉(wasting away),毀滅(decay)

Parihāni,【陰】損失,減少,浪費掉,毀滅。D.16./II,77.“Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū apaññatta na paññapessanti, paññatta na samucchindissanti, yathāpaññattesu sikkhāpadesu samādāya vattissanti, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūna pāṭikakhā, no parihāni.”(又,諸比丘!只要諸比丘依照未制立者不制立,已制立者不廢,實行所制立律    法,諸比丘!則應預期諸比丘之興盛而非衰亡。)(七不退法之一)

Parihāniya,【形】引起損失或毀滅。

Parihāpeti (pari+hā減少+āpe), 使縮小,帶來毀滅,疏忽,省略。【過】parihāpesi。【過parihāpita。【獨】parihāpetvā

Parihāyati (pari+hā減少+ya), 縮小,浪費掉,從消失。【過】parihāyi。【過parihīna。【現parihāpāyamāna。【獨】parihāyitvā

Parihāra,【陽】照料,注意,保護,避免,尊嚴,防範。parihāraka,【形】保護的,保衛的。parihārapatha,【陽】環行道,圓形的道路。parihārika,【形】維持,持續。

Parihāsa,【陽】笑,嘲弄。

Parihīna (parihāyati 的【過), 已從消失,已困窮,已瘦弱。

Parūpakkama,【陽】敵人的進攻。

Parūpaghāta,【陽】傷害他人。

Parūpavāda,【陽】被他人指責,他人的責備。

Parūḷha (parūhati 的【過), 已變長。parūḷhakesa,【形】有長頭髮的。

Pareta,【形】折磨的,被征服的,繼續的。

Paro,【無】在遠處,更進一步地,更遠地,此外,在上面,向上,以上,不止。parovara, parovariya,【形】高低的。parosata,【形】不止一百的。parosahassa,【形】不止一千的。

Parokkha(paro-akkha,眼界之外),【形】看不見之處,背地裡。parokkhe,【處】在缺席中,在背後(台語:尻脊後kha ciah au7,尻川後kha chng au7)

Parodati (pa+rud+a), 大聲呼喊,悲歎。【過】parodi。【獨】paroditvā

Parovara, Paropara (para+avara) 【形】【中】高低的高低(high & low, far & near; pl. in sense of “all kinds”)

Pala, pala-(classical Sk. pala),【中】斤(一種重量,大約 4 盎司)(a certain weight (or measure), spelt also phala (see phala2), only in cpd. satapala a hundred (carat) in weight Th.1, 97 (of kasa); J.VI,510 (sataphala kasa=phalasatena katā kañcana-pātī C.). Also in combn catuppala -- tippala -- dvipala -- ekapala -- sāṭikā Vism.339.

Palaka (cp. late Sk. pala, flesh, meat), (a species of plant J.VI,564.)

Palagaṇḍa(cp. Sk. palagaṇḍa Halāyudha II.436; BSk. palagaṇḍa AvŚ I.339; Aṣṭas. Pār. 231; Avad. Kalp. II.113),【陽】大廈,泥瓦匠(a mason, bricklayer, plasterer)

Palaṇḍu, palaṇḍuka(cp. Epic Sk. palāṇḍu, pala (white)+aṇḍu (=aṇḍa? egg),【陽】洋蔥(onion原産亞洲的植物 (Allium cepa),味道強烈,廣泛用作蔬菜)

Palapati (pa+lap嘮叨+a), 胡說(to talk nonsense),台語:黑白講。【過】palapi。【過palapita。【獨】palapitvā

Palapana, palapita,【中】廢話。

Palavati (Vedic plavati, plu), 游泳(to float, swim Vin.IV,112; Dh.334; Th.1, 399; J.III.190.)

Palasata(possibly fr. Sk. parasvant), 犀牛(a rhinoceros J.VI.277 (v. l. phalasata; expld as “khagga-miga,” with gloss “balasata”); as phalasata at J.VI.454 (expld as phalasata-camma C.))

Palāta, (palāyati 的【過)已跑走。

Palāpa,【陽】(玉黍蜀的)穀殼,廢話,胡扯,無實質的。vacīpalāpo﹐廢話。

Palāpin,【陽】疏忽的。apalāpin, 疏忽的(“not neglectful”)

Palāpeti1 (palāyati 的【使】), 使跑走,使飛行(to cause to run away, to put to flight, drive away)。【過】palāpesi。【過palāpita。【獨】palāpetvā

Palāpeti2 (Caus. of pa+lap, cp. palāpa),廢話,胡扯(to prattle, talk)

Palāyati (pal+aya), 逃走,逃脫(to run (away))。【過】palāyi。【過palāta。【現palāyanta。【獨】palāyitvāinf. palāyitu J.I,202; VI,420. -- Contracted forms are: pres. paleti (see also the analogy-form pāleti under pāleti, to guard) D.I,54 (spelt phaleti, expld DA.I,165 by gacchati); Sn.1074, 1144 (=vajati gacchati Nd2 423); Dh.49; Nd1 172; J.V,173, 241; Vv 8436 (=gacchati VvA.345); Pv.I,111 (gacchati PvA.56); aor. palittha J.V,255; fut. palehiti Th.1, 307; imper. palehi Sn.831 (=gaccha SnA 542) -- pp. palāta & palāyita; Caus. palāpeti1 (q.v.).

Palāyana,【中】逃走(running away)palāyanaka,【形】逃避。

Palāyin,【形】逃(running away, taking to flight)

Palāla(cp.Ved.& Epic Sk.palāla), 【陽】【中】稻草(straw)Palālachannaka﹐稻草屋頂(a roof of thatch)palālapiṇḍa(a bundle of straw)palālapīṭhaka (Straw Seatstraw foot-stoola kind of punishment or torture i.e.being so beaten with clubs, that the bones are broken, and the body becomes like a heap of straw)palālapuñja, palālapuñjaka,【陽】稻草堆。

Palāsa1(Vedic palāśa),【陽】【中】1. 緊叔迦樹、堅叔迦樹、緊祝迦樹,意譯赤色花樹或肉色花樹(the tree Butea frondosa or Judas tree印度婆羅門教的聖樹。屬豆科之巨木,樹高四十尺至百尺,葉爲羽狀複葉,頗大,小葉約長五、六寸,無毛;花呈房狀花序,色橙紅,可煉製黃色或赤色染料,種子榨油則可作殺蟲劑,多分佈於印度北部喜馬拉雅山至南方的斯里蘭卡,以及緬甸。)2.樹葉(a leaf; collectively (nt.) foliage)palāsāda,【形】吃樹葉的。

Palāsa2Paḷāsa,【形】惡意,怨恨(unmercifulness, malice, spite)apaḷāsa﹐無惡意,慈憫(mercifulness)

Palāsata,【陽】犀牛(rhinoceros)

Palāsin(paḷāsin) (fr. palāsa2),【形】懷恨的,懷惡意的(spiteful, unmerciful, malicious)

Pali° (=pari°, 摩揭陀語,當接頭詞)(round),遍(around)

Paligha(pari+gha of (g)han, cp. P. & Sk. parigha)﹐【陽】1.門閂(ㄕㄨㄢ,門的橫關),門拴(ㄕㄨㄢ)(a cross-bar Vin.II,154; Th.2, 263 (vaṭṭapaligha=parighadaṇḍa ThA.211)2.障礙物(an obstacle, hindrance)

Paligedha(pali+gedha), 貪得無厭(遍貪wanting everything)

Palita,【形】成熟的。【中】白頭髮。

Palipa,【陽】沼澤。

Palipatha,【陽】危險的道路,困難的路徑。

Palipanna,【過】已跌進,已沉入。

Palimaṭṭha (Parimajjaka的【過)﹐已磨光(polished)cp. parimaṭṭha

Palugga, (Palujjati的【過】跌倒,崩潰,被溶解。

Palujjati (pa+luj+ya), 跌倒,崩潰,被溶解。【過】palujji。【現palujjamāna。【獨】palujjitvā

Palujjana,【中】崩潰,毀滅(breaking up, destruction )cf. palokita(崩潰)

Paluddha (palubbhati 的【過), 已誘惑,已很執著(seduced, enticed S.IV,307.(where id. p. M.I,511. reads paladdha). See also palobheti & palobhita.)

Palubbhati(pa+lubh), 誘惑

Palumpati (pa+lup),搶劫(to rob, plunder, deprive of A.I,48.)

Palepa [fr. pa+lip] smearing; plaster, mortar

Palepana (nt.) [fr. pa+lip] smearing, anointing; adj. (palepana-) smeared or coated with M.I,429 (gāḷhapalepana thickly smeared).

Paleti, 逃走,逃脫。參考 palāyati

Palokita﹐【中】壞、崩潰(=palujjana)

Palobha (< pa+ lubh (lubh)執取), 欲望(desire, greed PvA.265.)

Palobhana(=palobha),【中】引誘。

Paloka [fr. pa+*luj=ruj, thus standing for *paloga, cp. roga] breaking off or in two, dissolution, decay Vin.II,284; M.I,435=Miln.418 (in formula aniccato dukkhato rogato etc., with freq. v. l. paralokato; cp. A.IV,423; Nd2 214; Ps.II,238); S.III,167 (id.) IV.53; V, 163.

Palokin (< paloka),【形】(destined for decay or destruction)

Palobhita (pp. of palobheti), 欲望(desired)

Palobheti (pa+lubh (lubh)執取+e), caus.引誘,勾引(to desire, to be greedy)。【過】palobhesi。【過palobhita。【獨】palobhetvā

Pallaka (pari+aka膝;cp. Class Sk. palyaka & Māgadhī paliyaka),【陽】1.盤腿坐(跏趺坐)( sitting cross-legged, in Instr. pallakena upon the hams S.I,124, 144)pallakaṁ ābhujati(梵語 paryavkam ābhujya)結跏趺(彎跏趺)(“to bend (the legs) in crosswise”ābhujati︰結、彎、組),疊足盤坐(=pāde pādamodahitvā)為「加」之別寫是腳背。諸坐法中結跏趺坐最安穩而不易疲倦。疊一足在另一足之上為半跏趺坐疊兩足為全跏趺坐。2.床座、轎(肩輿),英語palankeenpalanquin

Pallattha (Sk. *paryasta, pari+pp. of as to throw, cp. Prk. Pallattha), 抱住膝蓋而坐(the posture of sitting or squatting or lolling)

Pallatthikā,【陰】抱住膝蓋而坐。【bhikkhu sekhiya 26】︰‘Na pallatthikāya antaraghare nisīdissāmī’ti, sikkhā karaṇīyā.(「在住宅區,我不要抱住膝蓋坐」,應當學。) pallatthikāya vā nisīdati, 抱住膝蓋而坐。

Pallala,【中】1.沼澤地(marshy ground)2.小湖(a small pond or lake)

Pallava (cp. Class Sk. pallaka),【中】1.新鮮的葉子,苗芽(a sprout)2.缽羅婆國。

Paiguṇṭheti (pari+guṇṭh+e), 糾纏,包封。【過】paiguṇṭhesi。【過paiguṇṭhita

Paigha,【陽】橫木,障礙。

Paibujjhati (pari+budh+ya), 被延遲,被破壞,被阻隔。【過】paibujjhi。【過paibuddha。【獨】paibujjhitvā

Paibujjhana,【中】變成骯髒。

Paibodha,【陽】障礙,妨礙,故障。

Paivehana,【中】包裝材料,包圍。

Paiveheti (pari+veth盤繞+e), 包起來,纏住,包圍。【過】paivehesi。【過paivehita

Pavakkhati (pavadati 的【未】), 他將會看得出。

Pavaḍḍha, Pavaddha,【形】長大的,強壯的。

Pavaḍḍhati (pa+vaḍḍh增長+a), 生長,增加。【過】pavaḍḍhi。【過pavaḍḍhita。【獨】pavaḍḍhitvā

Pavaḍḍhana,【中】長大,增加。

Pavatta,【形】繼續的,跌倒的。【中】(生死)輪迴。

Pavattati (pa+vat(vt)逮捕+a), 1.繼續行進,著手進行( to move on, go forward, proceed)2.存在,成爲,轉起(to exist, to be, continue in existence )opp. 被停止(ucchijjati))3.結果,繼續(to result, to go on)。【過】pavatti。【過pavattita。【獨】pavattitvāpp. pavatta; Caus. pavattetisuppavatti, 徹底熟練。

Pavattana(< pavattati), 【形】【中】前進(moving forward, doing good, beneficial, useful; f. pavattati, pavattinī)2.執行(execution, performance, carrying out)

Pavattāpana,【中】使持續著,維持,保存。

Pavatti(<pa+ vat (vt)轉動),【陰】1.顯示,行使(權力)(manifestation, wielding, execution, giving)āṇāpavatti﹐王權(royal authority)2.發生,事件,新聞,轉起 (happening, incident, news) (=pavutti)

Pavatteti (pa+vat+e)(caus. of pavattati), 使運轉(開動),繼續,揮,運轉。【過】pavattesi。【過pavattita。【現pavattenta。【獨】pavattetvā。【不】pavattetu

Pavattetu,【陽】繼續的人。

Pavana,【陽】風。【中】大森林。

Pavara,【形】貴族,優良的。

Pavasati (pa+vas+a), 在國外居住,遠離家。【過】pavasi。【過pavuttha。【獨】pavasitvā

Pavassati (pa+vass下雨+a), 下雨。【過】pavassi。【過pavuṭṭha

Pavassana,【中】下雨。

Pavāta,【中】多風的地方。

Pavāti (pa+vā+a), 散播氣味,吹。

Pavāyati (pa+vā+ya), 吹,散播。【過】pavāyi。【過pavāyita。【獨】pavāyitvāsuppavāyita, 好好地分

Pavāraṇā(pravāraṇā<pra+vi)),【陰】邀請,自恣(雨季安居最後一天的儀式)S.8.7./I,191. “Handa dāni, bhikkhave, pavāremi vo.  Na ca me kiñci garahatha kāyika vā vācasika vā”ti. (諸比丘!今日我自恣。你們對於我身語之上有什麼之非難嗎?)

Pavārita (Pavāreti的【過), 已邀請,已進行過自恣的出家人。

Pavāreti (pa+var選擇+e), 邀請,使滿意,給掌管,行自恣。【過】pavāresi。【獨】pavāretvā

Pavāsa,【陽】在國外逗留。

Pavāsin,【陽】在國外居住者,離家的人。

Pavāha,【陽】連續的流動,水流。pavāhaka,【形】沖走的。

Pavāheti, Pavahati (pa+vah(bh1)+e, Sk. prabdha (pravdha)), 使流動,使被沖走,除去。【過】pavāhesi。【過pavāhita。【獨】pavāhetvācp. abbūlha & ubbahati (ud+bh1)

Pavāḷa, Pavāla,【陽】【中】珊瑚(coral,古代視為寶石一種),芽。

Pavāḷha(pavāheti 的【過), 已逐放,已拒絕。

Pavāsa(<pa+vas, cp. Vedic pravāsa in same meaning),(sojourning abroad, being away from home)

Pavijjhati (pa+vidh(vyadh / vidh)貫穿+ya), 往前丟,射擊。【過】pavijjhi。【過paviddha。【獨】pavijjhitvā

Paviṭṭha (pavisati 的【過), 已進入。

Pavivitta,【形】分開的,隔離的。

Paviveka,【陽】孤獨,隔離,隱退,隱遯。SA.2.29./I,122.Pavivittoti kāyaviveko ca vivekaṭṭhakāyāna nekkhammābhiratāna, cittaviveko ca parisuddhacittāna paramavodānappattāna, upadhiviveko ca nirupadhīna puggalāna visakhāragatānanti, imesa tiṇṇa vivekāna lābhī.(隔離1.身遠離之義即喜歡放棄,2.心遠離即得遍淨心(parisuddhacittānaṁ) 及得到最上明淨 (paramavodānappattāna﹐即達到八定,得到許多明淨與清淨)3.執取遠離是達到眾補特伽羅剝除所有東西而無執取,這些是得到已達到最終點的遠離。)Sn.2-3(v.257.)Pavivekarasa pitvā, rasa upasamassa ca; Niddaro hoti nippāpo, dhammapītirasa pivanti.(品嘗了隱居的美味,品嘗了寂靜的美味,擺脫恐懼,滌除罪惡,(進而)品嘗法喜的美味。)

Pavisati (pa+vis進入+a), 進,入,闖入。【過】pavisi。【現pavisanta。【獨】pavisitvā。【不】pavisitu

Pavīṇa,【形】聰明的,有技術的。

Pavuccati (pa+vac+ya), 被叫做,被說,被宣稱。【過pavutta

Pavuttha, (pavasati 的【過)

Paveṇī,【陰】傳統,連續,世系,族類,髮辮子。

Pavedana,【中】公告。

Pavediyamāna,【被、現】被宣佈。

Pavedeti (pa+vid+e),告知,宣佈。【過】pavedesi。【過pavedita。【獨】pavedetvā。【現pavedenta

Pavedayati (=Pavedeti), 告知,宣佈,傳播pavedayanti, 傳播(3)

Pavedhati (pa+vedh+a), 戰慄,激動。【過】pavedhi。【過pavedhita。【獨】pavedhitvā。【現pavedhamāna

Pavesa,【陽】pavesana,【中】進入,入口。pavesaka,【形】使進入的人。pavesananikkhamana, 【中】進出,延長。

Paveseti (pa+vis進入+e), 使進入,介紹,預示。【過】pavesesi。【過pavesita。【獨】pavesetvā。【現pavesenta。【不】pavesetu

Pavesetu,【陽】引導員,允許進入的人。

Pasasaka,【陽】稱讚者,奉承者。

Pasasati (pa+sas稱讚+a), 稱讚,委託。【過】pasasi。【過pasasita, pasattha。【現pasasanta。【義】pasasitabba, pasasiya。【獨】pasasitvā。【不】pasasitu

Pasasana,【中】pasasā,【陰】稱讚,讚賞。

Pasaga,【陽】傾向,執著,事件,場合。

Pasaa (pasarati 的【過】;pa+s), 已張開,已遮蔽(表面)( let out, produced)

Pasata1 (Vedic pṛṣant, f. pṛṣatī),【形】(spotted, only in cpd. pasatamiga spotted antelope J.V.418 (v. l. pasadamiga). The more freq. P. form is pasada°, e. g. S.II,279 (gloss pasata)

Pasata2 (Late Sk. pṛṣat or pṛṣad a drop; cp. phusita1 rain-drop=pṛṣata; probably dialectical & Non-Aryan), ,【陽】一把,巴沙答(穀粒或液體的衡量,4 把挲噠 = 1 西阿 (seer) 〔印度液量單位,約一公升〕。參考 Pattha)(a small measure of capacity, a handful (seems to be applied to water only) J.I.101 (pasatamatta udaka); IV.201 (udakapasata); V.382 (pasatamatta pānīya). Often redupl. pasata pasata “by handfuls” M.I,245, J.V.164. At DA.I,298 it is closely connected with sarāva (cup), as denoting the amount of a small gift.

Pasattha, pasaṭṭha, (pasasati 的【過), 已讚美,已委託。

Pasada,【陽】花鹿。

Pasanna (pasīdati的【過) 1.已清除,已明亮。2.已取悅。3.已信仰。pasannacitta, pasannamānasa,【形】喜悅的心,投入的心。

Pasayha(ger. of pasahati),【獨】強制地,強行。

Pasaraa (<pa+s動轉)【中】伸展(stretching, spreading, being stretched out)

Pasava(<pa+su (sru)流動),【陽】流出,提出,子孫(bringing forth, offspring)

Pasavati (pa+su+a), 提出,生,流動,累積。【過】pasavi。【過pasavita, pasūta。【現pasavanta。【獨】pasavitvā。【使】pasaveti

Pasavana (<pa+su),【中】1.分娩(giving birth)2.生產,招致(producing, generating, effecting)puññapasavana, 生福。

Pasaha(<pa+sah勝過), 克服掌握(overcoming, mastering)duppasaha,【形】難克服(hard to overcome)

Pasahati (pa+sah勝過+a), 使用武力,使服從,壓迫。【過】pasahi。【獨】pasahitvā, pasayha

Pasahana,【中】克服,征服。

Pasākha (pa+sākhā praśākhā branch),【陽】【中】1.小分枝(J.VI.324. sākhapasākha)2.像小樹枝。3.從主幹分支的身體(即:腹部、大腿等)4.缽羅奢佉(the extremities受胎後第五個七日至第三十八個七日(出生之時)之間手足已形成)

Pasāda,【陽】明淨,明亮,歡喜,信心,感官,淨色(pasādarūpasensitivity elements眼、耳、鼻、舌、身中能識知外境的色法。淨色即是透明的色聚,五淨色都是透明的,其他的色聚都是非明淨(非透明的))pasādaka,【形】明亮化的,令人清楚的,令人喜愛的,令人快樂的。

Pasādaniya,【形】激發信心的。

Pasādeti (pa+sad+e), 使喜悅,使潔淨,使忠實,轉換。【過】pasādesi。【過pasādita。【現pasādenta。【獨】pasādetvā。【義】pasādetabba

Pasādhana,【中】裝飾。

Pasādheti (pa+sādh+e), 裝飾,布署。【過】pasādhesi。【過pasādhita。【獨】pasādhetvā, pasādhiya

Pasāraa,【中】伸展,傳佈。

Pasārita (Pasāreti的【過), 已前彎,已伸展。

Pasāreti (caus. of pa+s動轉), 1.前彎(to cause to move forwards, to let or make go, to give up J.VI.58 (pasāraya, imper.))Pass. pasāriyati ; (are turned out of doors). -- 2.伸展(to stretch out, hold out or forth, usually with ref. to either arm (bāhu, bāha, bāhā) (opp. sammiñjeti); or hand (hattha) ; or feet (pāde, pāda); (=sandhiyo paippanāmeti). 3. to lay out, put forth, offer for sale. -- pp. pasārita , Cp. abhi°

Pasāsati [pa+śās] 1. to teach, instruct. -- 2. to rule, reign, govern

Pasāreti (pa+sar(s)動轉+e), 轉動,伸展,傳佈,伸出,出售。【過】pasāresi。【過pasārita。【獨】pasāretvā

Pasāsati (pa+sās+a), 教,規定,統治。【過】pasāsi。【過pasāsita

Pasibbaka,【陽】錢包,麻布袋,袋。

Pasīdati (pa+sad+a), 明亮化,被取悅,被潔淨,被使清楚,被獻身。【過】pasīdi。【過pasanna。【獨】pasīditvā。【義】pasīditabba

Pasīdana,【中】pasīdanā,【陰】熱愛,晴朗,滿足。

Pasu,【陽】畜牲,四腳動物。pasupati,【陽】濕婆(印度三大神中司破壞之神),大自在天。

Pasuta,【形】經營的,執著的,做的。

Pasūta (pasavati 的【過), 已生産,已爲接生,已出生。

Pasūti,陰】帶來,出生。pasūtikā,【陰】生過孩子的女人。pasūtighara,【中】産房。

Passa1 (cp.Sk.paśya,<passati),陽】【現】看見(seeing, one who sees)【處】passe

Passa2【陽】【中1.旁邊(side)側面(flank)2.斜坡(mountain slope)【處】pasmani (= passe)Himavantassa passato, 雪山山麓

Passati (dis說明(paś)+a), 看,見,找,明白。【過】passi。【過diṭṭha。【現passanta, passamāna【獨】passitvā, disvā‘passa na passatīti’﹐見不可見(正在看而看不見)1pl. passāmaimper. sg. passapl. passatha & passavho (cp. Sk. paśyadhva)ppr. passa& passantof. passantīgrd. passitabbafut. passissatiaor. passi

Passaddha, (passambhati 的【過)輕安

Passaddhi (pa+sambh(pra+śrambh)使平靜、平息),【陰】輕安

Passambhati (pa+sambh+a), 【使】使輕安(to calm down, quiet, allay)。【過】passambhi。【獨】passambhitvā。【現passambhaya, 正在輕安、正在使...輕安(M.I,56; III,82, 89)

Passambhanā,【陰】輕安

Passambheti (pa+sambh +e), 使輕安。【過】passambhesi。【過passambhita。【獨】passambhetvā。【現passambhenta

Passasati (pa+sas(śvas)+a), 呼出(呼吸)。【過】passasi。【過passasita。【獨】passasitvā。【現passasanta

Passāva,【陽】小便,尿。passāvamagga,【陽】小便道(尿道urethra),陰道(陰道與尿道是不同管道,但古代常用「尿道」呼作「陰道」)

Passāsa,【陽】呼氣。passāsasī,【陽】呼氣的人。

Passitu,【不】看(to see)

Passitabba,【義】適合被看到。

Passiya (passati 的【獨】), 看到了。

Pahaa, Pahata, (paharati 的【過) 已打擊,已襲擊。

Pahaṭṭha (pahasati 的【過), 已高興,已非常快活。

Paharaa,【中】打,攻擊,襲擊武器。paharaaka,【形】碰撞的,打擊的。

Paharati (pa+har+a), 打,打擊,襲擊,傳遞。【過】pahari。【現paharanta。【獨】paharitvā,【不】paharitu

Pahāna(< pa徹底+hā放棄, see pajahati),【中】放棄,離去,捨斷,拒絕(giving up, leaving, abandoning, rejection)。【單.與】【單.屬】pahānāya

Pahāya, (pajahati 的【獨】), 遺棄了,放棄了。

Pahāyī,【陽】放棄的人。

Pahāra,【陽】毆打,打擊。pahāradāna,【中】給打擊,攻擊。ekappahārena = 突然。

Pahāsa(<pa+has, cp. Class. Sk. prahāsa),【陽】非常歡樂,歡笑(laughing, mirth)

Pahāsati, 令人笑。in pahāsanto saparisa at ThA.69 should preferably be read as pahāsayanto parisa, thus taken as Caus. of pa+has, i. e. making one smile, gladdening.

Pahāseti (pa+has+eCaus. of pahasati), 令人笑,使喜悅(to make laugh, to gladden, to make joyfu)。【過】pahāsesi。【過pahāsita

Pahiana,【中】發送,派遣。

Pahiagamana,【中】去當使者(going on errands)

Pahiṇāti (pa+hi +ṇā), 送。【過】pahii。【現pahianta。【獨】pahiitvā

Pahita, I.(padahati<dhā的【過) 努力,熱心。pahitatta﹐自勵,精進,不惜身命。SA.6.3./I,204.Pahitattoti pesitatto(自勵︰自己已豁出去)MA.57./III,107.Pahitattoti kāye ca jīvite ca anapekkhatāya pesitatto.(自勵︰對身體及生命沒有期待的自我精進。)  II.(pahiṇāti<hi的【過) 送。

Pahīna(pajahati 的【過), 已排除,已抛棄,已消滅( given up, abandoned, left, eliminated)

Pahīyati, Pahiyyati(pa+hā放棄+ī+ya)(pass. of pajahati),被捨棄,消失,過世(to be abandoned, to pass away, vanish)。【過】pahīyi。【過pahīna。【現pahīyamāna。【獨】pahīyitvā

Pahū(cp. Vedic prabhū, fr. pa+bhū),【形】能幹的,能夠的,能(able)

Pahūta(pp. of pa+bhū, cp. Vedic prabhūta),【形】豐富的,很多的,寬廣的(sufficient, abundant, much, considerable)pahūtajivha,【形】有寬舌的。pahūtabhakkha,【形】可吃很多的,吃很多的。

Paheaka(cp. BSk. praheaka in sense of “sweetmeat” (糖果、蜜餞),【中】適宜送給他人的禮物(a present)

Pahena(=pahea?),【中】派遣(=pahia)

Pahoti (pa+hū+a), 能夠,勝任,充份。

Pahonaka,【形】充份的,充足的。

pā(pā)﹐【字根I.】喝(to drink)Pivati

Pāka,【陽】烹飪,被烹調的(飯、菜),成熟。pākavaṭṭa,【中】食物的連續補給。

Pākaa,【形】衆所周知的,明白的,顯著的(patent)

Pākatika,【形】自然的,最初的。

Pākāra(cp. Epic Sk. prākāra, pa+ā+kar(k),【陽】圍牆,籬笆,壘(an encircling wall, put up for obstruction and protection, a fence, rampart Vin.II,121 (3 kinds: made of bricks, of stone, or of wood, viz. iṭṭhakāpākāra, silāpākāra, dārupākāra))pākāraparikkhitta,【形】被一面牆壁圍著的。 parikkhepa-pākāra,sāṇipākāra, (麻布製的)屏壁(screen-fencing)

Pāgabbhiya,【中】大膽,輕率,鹵莽。

Pāguññatā,陰】練達Abhidhammatthavibhāvinīṭīkā(CS:p.110)Tā kāya-citta-akammañña-bhāva-vūpasamalakkhaṇā. Paguassa bhāvo pāguñña, tadeva pāguññatā, kāyassa pāguññatā kāyapāguññatā.( 它平息心所適應的狀態的相,練達狀態的練達,它正是練達性,心所的練達性,為心所練達性)

Dhs.#48.Katamā tasmi samaye kāyapāguññatā hoti? Yā tasmi samaye vedanākkhandhassa saññākkhandhassa sakhārakkhandhassa 1paguatā 2paguatta 3paguabhāvo--aya tasmi samaye kāyapāguññatā hoti.(在此時什麽是心所練達?此時是凡是受蘊、想蘊、行蘊的1練達性、2練達、3練達的態,即此時是心所練達性)

Dhs.#49.Katamā tasmi samaye cittapāguññatā hoti? Yā tasmi samaye viññāṇakkhandhassa 1paguatā 2paguatta 3paguabhāvo--aya tasmi samaye cittapāguññatā hoti.(在時什麽是心練達性?此時是凡是識蘊的1練達性、2練達、3練達的態,即此時是心練達性。)

Pācaka(< pac, cp. pāceti),【形】【中】烹飪的,成熟的,消化的,廚師(one who cooks, a cook; f. pācikā)pācaka tejo(=pācakaggi)﹐消化之火(這是命根九法聚的作用之一)

Pācana1 (< pac, Caus. pāceti),【中】烹調(bringing to boil, cooking J.I.318 (yāgupācana)

Pācana2 (for pājana, cp. pāceti2 & SnA 147),【中】刺棒(a goad, stick)

Pācariya,【陽】老師的老師,師公(teacher of teachers)

Pācāpeti (pac +āpe), 使烹調。【過】pācāpesi。【過pācāpita。【獨】pācāpetvā

Pācikā,【陰】女廚師。

Pācittiya (most likely prāk+citta+ika, i. e. of the nature of directing one’s mind upon, cp. pabbhāra= *prāg+bhāra. So expld also by S. Lévi J.As. X.20, p. 506. Geiger, P.Gr. § 27, n. 1 inclines to etym. prāyaś+cittaka),【形】波逸提,懺悔(requiring expiation, expiatory Vin.I,172, 176; II.242, 306 sq.; IV.1 sq., 258 sq.; A.II,242 (dhamma); Vism.22. -- It is also the name of one of the books of the Vinaya (ed. Oldenberg, vol. IV.). See on term Vin. Texts I.18, 32, 245. 《十誦律》卷第十七(T23.121.2)「波逸提者煮燒覆障,若不悔過能障礙道。」

Pācīna (Vedic prācīna, fr. adv. prāc bent forward),【形】東方的(eastern i. e. facing the (rising) sun (opp. pacchā))pācīnadisā,【陰】東部,東方。pācīnamukha,【形】面對東部的。

Pāceti1 (Caus. of pacati), 使烹調(to cause to boil, fig. to cause to torment D.I,52 )ppr. pācayato, Gen., also pācento參考 Pācāpeti

Pāceti2 (for pājeti, with c. for j (see Geiger, P.Gr. § 393); pra+aj: see aja), 駕駛,促使( to drive, urge on)

Pājana,【中】1.駕駛。2.刺棒。

Pājeti (pa+aj+e), 駕駛,帶領。【過】pājesi。【過pājita。【現pājenta。【獨】pājetvā。【使】pājāpeti

Pāṭala,【形】淡紅色的,粉紅的。

Pāṭaliputta,【中】華氏城(摩揭陀國的一城名,現在的巴特那〔Patna印度東北部城市,比哈爾邦首府〕)

Pāṭalī,【陽】喇叭花 (the trumpet-flowerBignonia suaveolens),音譯:波羅利華、波波羅、波吒釐;重葉樹、重生華,春季開香紫花。

Pāṭava,【陽】【中】技術。

Pāṭikakha,【形】被需要的,被預期的。pāṭikakhī,【陽】需要者,期待者。

Pāṭikā,【陰】半月形石臺階。

Pāṭikūlya,【中】討厭。

Pāṭipada,【陽】陰曆初一(或十六日)

Pāṭibhoga,【陽】贊助者,保證人,保釋,安全。

Pāṭiyekka,【形】分開的,單一的。pāṭiyekka,【副】分開地,個別地。

Pāṭihīra, Pāṭihera, Pāṭihāriya, Paihāra, (<pai+h)(prātihārakapaka),【中】敲擊(striking, that which strikes);奇跡(=iddhipāṭihāriya)pāṭihāriyapakkha,【陽】神變(《雜阿含1121經》:「汝等諸瞿曇!於法齋日及神足月,受持齋戒,修功德不?」神足月:pāṭihāriyapakkha (pāṭihāriya額外的+pakkha半個月(m.)、明晰(a.) )神奇節{an extra holiday, an ancient festival, not now kept (PED, p.451)} (水野弘元譯︰神變月、特別の月)(Bodhi: special periods )VvA(CS:p.65)Pāṭihāriyapakkhañcāti paiharaakapakkhañca, cātuddasīpañcadasī-aṭṭhamīna yathākkama ādito antato cāti pavesana-nikkhamanavasena uposathasīlassa paiharitabba pakkhañca terasī pāṭipadā sattamī navamī cāti attho.(()額外的半月(古譯︰神足月)()額外的半月,(一般布薩日)(農曆)初八開始,接著第十四,到第十五()結束,延伸布薩戒(的日份),當是額外的半月,增加第十三,初七、初九之義。)

  SA.10.5./I,307.Pāṭihāriyapakkhañcāti manussā “aṭṭhamī-uposathassa paccuggamanañca anuggamanañca karissāmā”ti sattamiyāpi navamiyāpi uposathagāni samādiyanti, cātuddasīpannarasīna paccuggamanānuggamana karontā terasiyāpi pāṭipadepi samādiyanti, “vassāvāsassa anuggamana karissāmā”ti dvinna pavāraṇāna antare aḍḍhamāsa nibaddhuposathikā bhavanti.  Ida sandhāya vutta “pāṭihāriyapakkhañcā”ti. (()額外的半月︰人初八布薩,我們去作、跟著去作,我們承當初七、初九布薩,第十四,到第十五()去作、跟著去作,增加第十三()也承當,“(三個月的)雨安居,我們去作、跟著去作(前雨安居、後雨安居結束時)兩次自恣在半月的中間,也繼續作(一個月的)布薩,這是關於“()額外的半月)

AA.3.38./II,235.Pāṭihāriyapakkhañcāti ettha pāṭihāriyapakkho nāma antovasse temāsa nibaddhuposatho, ta asakkontassa dvinna pavāraṇāna antare ekamāsa nibaddhuposatho, tampi asakkontassa pahamapavāraato paṭṭhāya eko addhamāso pāṭihāriyapakkhoyeva nāma.(()額外的半月(古譯︰神足月):此處()額外的半月,指內安居(前安居)三個月連續的布薩。他不在兩次的自恣之間的一個月繼續作布薩,他不在第一次自恣後開始作一個月(作布薩),稱為額外的半月

依據藏傳佛教的說法:於神變月所造之任何善業與惡業,皆輾轉增盛。故應於此月:勵力斷一切惡緣,行一切善業。 神變月:農曆11~21(藏曆相同)。神變節:農曆11~14日。神變日:農曆 115(這種說法有問題)

tīṇi pāṭihāriyāni(三神變)Iddhipāṭihāriyaṁ(神通神變) ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṁ(記心神變) anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṁ(【梵】anuśāsti-prātihārya)(教誡神變)。見A.3.144./I,292.D.11./I,212.Pāṭihārika(=pāṭihāriya or der. fr. pātihāra in meaning of pāṭihāriya), 特別的,額外的(special, extraordinary; only in cpd. pāṭihārikapakkha an extra holiday)

yamaka-pāṭihāriya, 雙神變(Twin Psychic Phenomenon, Twin Miracles, cf. Ps.I,125.J.I,77, 88, 193.)。《解脫道論》(T32.427.3)作︰「雙變智」。

Pāṭekka,形】分開的,單一的。參考 pāṭiyekka

Pāṭhapātha【陽】通道,朗誦文。pāṭhaka,【形】背誦者,閱讀者。

Pāṭhīna,【陽】叉尾鮎(東南亞産的一種大形淡水鮎魚(Silurus Boalis))

Pāṇa,【陽】生命,呼吸,生物,生靈。pāṇaghāta,【陽】殺害,殺害生命。pāṇaghātī,【陽】殺生者。pāṇada,【形】保護生命者。pāṇātipāta,【陽】殺生,殺有息者。pāṇabhūta,【陽】活的生物。pāṇavadha,【陽】生命的破壞。pāṇasama,【形】寶貴如生命的。pāṇahara,【形】奪命的。pāṇupeta (pāṇa生命+upeta已賦予),終身。KhA.26.pāṇoti jīvitindriyappaibaddhā khandhasantati, ta vā upādāya paññatto satto. (有息者(pāṇa)是連結命根的蘊相續者,或者執取那(蘊相續)所施設的有情。)Kh.245.︰「有息者(有呼吸的)’(pāṇā)可視為「已生的(生物)(bhūtā, pāṇabhūtā)。或者把「諸有呼吸的」(pāṇā)視為五取蘊眾生(但是色界沒有呼吸);「諸已生的(bhūtā),視為一取蘊(色界的無想天,只有色蘊)、四取蘊眾生(無色界)。」Pārā.III,52.Pāṇo nāma manussapāṇo vuccati.(有息者︰人之有息者。)

Upeti (upa+i+a), 靠近,獲得。pāṇanti, 他們呼吸。

Pāṇaka (< pāṇa), 【形】【陽】生命,有呼吸生物(a living being, endowed with (the breath of))pāṇakajāta, ()生物。sappāṇaka, 生命appāṇaka, 生命

Pāṇātipātā (pāṇa呼吸+atipāta< ati超越+ pat落下)﹐殺生(殺有呼吸者)KhA.31.ettha ca pāṇātipātassa pañca agāni bhavanti -- (1)pāṇo ca hoti, (2)pāṇasaññī ca, (3)vadhakacittañca paccupaṭṭhita hoti, (4)vāyamati, (5)tena ca maratīti.(1.(對象)是眾生(pāṇo ca hoti)2.認定是眾生(pāṇasaññī ca生物想)3.生起殺心(vadhakacittañca paccupaṭṭhita hoti)4.付之行動(vāyamati)5.導致死亡(tena ca maratīti)) KhA.33.Pāṇātipātā veramaiyā cettha agapaccagasampannatā ārohapariṇāhasampattitā javasampattitā suppatiṭṭhitapādatā cārutā mudutā sucitā sūratā mahabbalatā vissatthavacanatā lokapiyatā nelatā abhejjaparisatā acchambhitā duppadhasitā parūpakkamena amaraatā anantaparivāratā surūpatā susaṇṭhānatā appābādhatā asokitā piyehi manāpehi saddhi avippayogatā dīghāyukatāti evamādīni phalāni.(離殺生:此中,肢體勻稱,長廣適中,腳站得穩,優美,柔軟,明淨,勇敢,大力,口齒伶俐,世人喜愛,無瑕疵,無畏懼,不被迫害,被他攻擊不死,眷屬(或隨從)無量,姿態美,外表好,少病、無憂,與所喜愛的人、可意的人相處而不別離,長壽,如此等果報。) MA.9./I,198. (=Nd1A.CS:pg.98)Asādhāraesu pana pāṇassa atipāto pāṇātipāto, pāṇavadho pāṇaghātoti vutta hoti. Pāṇoti cettha vohārato satto, paramatthato jīvitindriya.(MA.9./I,198. (=Nd1A.CS:pg.98)Asādhāraesu pana pāṇassa atipāto pāṇātipāto, pāṇavadho pāṇaghātoti vutta hoti. Pāṇoti cettha vohārato satto, paramatthato jīvitindriya.(…然而對於(各句)不共通的,有情之殺害,稱為殺生,處死有情,殺害有情之謂。有情,此處是從世俗的表達,從勝義諦,稱為(具有)命根。)「若自殺身得偷羅遮罪。」(《五分律》卷第二, T22.7.3;卷第二十八, T22.184.2))凡夫自殺命終,很容易帶著臨終的怨恨投生惡道。KhA.29.Payogatoti ettha ca pāṇātipātassa 1sāhatthiko, 2āṇattiko, 3nissaggiyo, 4thāvaro, 5vijjāmayo, 6iddhimayoti chappayogā.((殺生)從方法」:這裡,殺生有:『1親手、2命令、3投擲、4設陷阱、5明所成(與)6神變所成』六種方法。《善見律毘婆沙》卷第十一(T24.751.1)︰「(殺生)六方便。一者自。二者教。三者擲。四者安(陷坑、箛蔟土舀)。五者咒。六者神力。」《四分律》有二十項殺生:自殺、教殺、遣使殺、往來使、重使殺、展轉使、求男子、教求男子、求持刀、教求持刀、身現相、口說、身口現相、遣使()、遣書殺、遣使書、坑陷、倚發、藥、安殺具。

Pāṇaka,【陽】昆蟲。

Pāṇana,【中】呼吸。

Pāṇi,【陽】1.手、手掌(the hand)2.手拿。pāṇitala,【中】手掌(the palm of the hand)pāṇiggaha,【陽】婚姻(台語:牽手)【工】pāṇināpayatapāṇi, 張開(with outstretched hand, open-handed, liberal )pāibhāga, 的部份(handshare, division by hand)pāṇimatta, 手的大小(of the size of a hand, a handful)pāṇissara, 手的樂器(hand sound, hand music, a cert. kind of musical instrument)

Pāṇikā(<pāṇiSk. *pāṇikā),【陰】一種湯匙(a sort of spoon),抹子,耙子。

Pāṇin (<pāṇa),【形】【中】呼吸,生物,生靈(having life, a living being)pāṇino, n.pl.Nom. & Acc. & Voc.pāṇine, n.pl.Acc.pāina, n.s.Acc.生物。pāṇīna, n.pl.Dat. & Gen.生物。DA.30./III,929.Pāṇīnanti sattāna.(諸有息者︰諸有情。)

Pāta(<pat),【陽】1.落下(fall)2.(throwing, a throw)

Pātana,【中】使倒下,丟下,殺害。

Pātabba (pivati 的【義】), 可以喝。

Pātarāsa,【陽】早餐。bhuttapātarāsa,【陽】吃早餐。

Pātavyatā (=pātabyatāpatabyatā ) (<pātsee pāteti)【陰】落下、滅亡(downfall, bringing to fall, felling)

Pātāla,【陽】深淵,傾向,地球的另一邊。

Pāti,【陰】碗,盤子,缽。同義詞有:pattavittasarāvadhāropapoapisīlava(M.139./III,235.)

Pāti (pa+a), 看,保護。

Pātika,【中】碟子。

Pātita, (pāteti 的【過)

Pāṭimokkha, Pātimokkha,(< pai+ muc(muc / mok)釋放﹑解脫;梵Praimokkha波羅提木叉),【陽】守則。音譯:波提木叉、巴帝摩卡。bhikkhupātimokkha,【陽】比丘守則、比丘波提木叉(the code of monastic discipline)Vism.16.Tañhi yo na pāti rakkhati, ta mokkheti mocayati āpāyikādīhi dukkhehi, tasmā pātimokkhanti vuccati.  Savaraa savaro, kāyikavācasikassa avītikkamasseta nāma.  Pātimokkhameva savaro pātimokkhasavaro.  Tena pātimokkhasavarena savuto pātimokkhasavarasavuto, upagato samannāgatoti attho.(「以別解脫律儀防護」,這裏的別解脫律儀即是學處戒。因為守護者得以解脫及離惡趣等苦,故名「別解脫」。律儀即防護,是依身語的不犯為名。別解脫自己便是律儀,所以名為「別解脫律儀」。以別解脫律儀而防護,為「以別解脫律儀防護」。「防護」是保持及具備的意思。)

《律藏大品誦戒篇》中解釋︰「巴帝摩卡者,此是最初,此是頭首,此是諸善法之上首,因此稱為『巴帝摩卡』。」律註《疑惑度脫》中說︰「巴帝摩卡為極殊勝(pa-atimokkha)、極上首(atipamokkha)、極尊、極上之義。」《清淨道論》中說︰「若他看護(pāti)、保護此者,能使他解脫(mokkheti)、脫離惡趣等苦,所以稱為『巴帝摩卡』。」

sāvakā āraññakā pantasenāsanā āraññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni ajjhogahetvā viharati. Te anvaḍḍhamāsa sajghamajjhe osarati pātimokkhuddesāya.(諸弟子住閑林者、住邊地坐臥處者,潛入森、林、藪、邊地而住。他們每半月為了誦戒而入眾。) 。《善見律毘婆沙》卷第七(T24.719.1)︰「於諸光明日光為王,於諸山中須彌為最,一切世間學波羅提木叉為最。如來出世便有此法,若無佛出世,無有眾生能豎立此法,身口意行諸惡業,佛以無等學而制。」五分律》卷十八說:「波羅提木叉者,以此戒防護諸根,增長善法,於諸善法最為初門故,名為波羅提木叉。」(T22.122.1)。《毘尼母經》(卷二:T24.809.1)卷三:T24.814.2) ):「波羅提木叉者,名最勝義。以何義故名為最勝,諸善之本,以戒為根,眾善得生,故名勝義。」

Pātī,【形】(在【合】中) 丟者,射擊者。

Pātu,【無】在前面,看得見的,顯然的。pātukamma, pātukarana,【中】顯示,令人看得見。pātubhāva,【陽】外表,到來顯示。pātubhūta,【過】已出現。

Pātu-﹐【字首】出現。

Pātukamyatā,【陰】需要喝。

Pātukaroti (pātu+kar+o), 顯示。【過】pātukari。【過pātukata。【獨】pātukaritvā, pātukatvāSA.42.1./III,102.Pātukarotīti bhaṇḍanta paibhaṇḍanto akkosanta paccakkosanto paharanta paipaharanto pākaa karotīti dasseti.(顯示(怒相)︰展現出顯著的吵架,爭論,臭罵,罵,打,回擊。)

Pātukāma,【形】想飲料的。

Pātubhavati (pātu+bhū+a), 變成顯然,出現。【過】pātubhavi。【過pātubhūta。【獨】pātubhavitvā

Pāturahosi(=pātur + ahosi, pātubbavati 的【過】) , 已變成顯然,已出現。

Pātu,【不】要喝。

Pāteti (pat+e), 跌落,丟開,殺害。【過】pātesi。【過pātita。【獨】pātetvā

Pāto(pāta),【無】在早晨。pātova, pāto’va,【無】破曉。sāya-pāta, sāya-pāta, sāyañ ca pāto ca, 朝暮(晚上和早晨)pāto’va uṭṭhāya,【無】清早起來。

Pātheyya,【中】旅程的預備。

Pāda,【陽】【中】腳,腿,基礎,四分之一,第四個詩節。pādaka,【形】有腳的,有基礎的。【中】基礎。pādakajjhāna,【中】以禪定形成基礎。pādakahalikā,【陰】洗腳時站上的木塊。pādaguṭṭha,【中】拇趾。pādaguli,【陰】腳趾。pādaṭṭhika,【中】腿骨(腿的骨頭)pādatala,【中】腳掌。pādaparicārikā,【陰】妻子。pādapīṭha,【中】腳凳。pādapuñchana,【中】擦拭腳的地毯。pādamūle, 在腳。pādamūlika,【陽】僕人,坐在一腳的人。pādalola,【形】想到處流浪。pādasambāhana,【中】腳的按摩。

Pādapa,【陽】樹。

Pādāsi (padāti 的【過】), 他給了。

Pādukā,【陰】拖鞋,鞋。

Pādudara,【陽】蛇。

Pādodaka,【陽】洗腳水。

Pāna,【中】喝(台語:lim1),飲料,糖漿(syrup)pānaka,【中】飲料。pānamaṇḍala, pānagāra,【中】喝亭,酒館。pānasoṇḍā﹐貪杯者。

Pānīya,【中】水,飲料(如茶、酒、牛奶、汽水等)pānīyaghaa,【陽】水壺。pānīyacāṭi,【陰】飲料容器。pānīyathālikā,【陰】杯子。pānīyabhājana,【中】飲料容器。pānīyamālaka,【中】pānīyasālā,【陰】放置飲用水的廳堂。

Pāpa,【中】惡,孽,邪惡,錯誤的行動。【形】壞的,有罪的,缺德的。pāpakāpagata,【形】已離去惡業。pāpakamma,【中】惡業,罪行,邪惡的行動。pāpakammanta, pāpakammī,【形】作惡者,壞人。pāpakara, pāpakārī,【形】有罪的,壞的。pāpakaraa,【中】做惡,幹壞事。pāpadhamma,【形】惡法。pāpamitta,【陽】壞朋友。【形】有損友的。pāpamittatā,【陰】結交歹徒。pāpasakappa,【陽】邪思維(邪惡想法)pāpasamācāra,【陽】惡行。pāpasupina,【中】惡夢。papatara, 【形】較惡的。papatama,【形】最惡的。papittha, 【形】最惡的。papitthatara, 【形】比最惡還惡的。papitthatama, 【形】最最惡的。

Pāpaka,【形】壞的,有罪的,(在【合】中:)導致。

Pāpaika( pa+āpaa市場+ika)﹐【陽】【形】店員(shopkeeper),商人。

Pāpasamācāra,【陽】惡行。Pārā.III,185.Pāpasamācāroti mālāvaccha ropetipi ropāpetipi, siñcatipi siñcāpetipi, ocinātipi ocināpetipi, ganthetipi ganthāpetipi.(種植也令種植花圃澆水也令澆採集也令採集編織也令編織者。)

Pāpikā, (pāpaka 的【陰】)

Pāpita, (pāpeti 的【過)

Pāpimant,【形】【名】罪人,魔王。

Pāpiya,【形】有罪的。

Pāpuana,【中】達到,到達。

Pāpuṇāti (pa+āp+uṇā), 到達,達到,達成。【過】pāpui(=apāpui, a-aor.的「擴增音」)。【現pāpuanta。【獨】pāpuitvā, patvā。【不】pāpuitu, pattu。【義】pāpueyyaapāpuitvāapatvā﹐【反】不達成之後。

Pāpuraa(through *pāvuraa fr. pra+pur(v), cp. Sk. prāvaraa),【中】蓋子,寬大外衣,毛毯(cover, dress, cloak)

Pāpurati (pa+ā+pur(v)+a), 披上覆蓋,包裝。(通常寫作)Pārupati

Pāpeti1(DeNom. fr. pāpa)使壞(to make bad)。【過pāpita

Pāpeti2(pa+ap+e)( pāpuṇāti的【使】), 使到去,使到達,使達到(to make attain, to let go to, to cause to reach, to bring to)。【過】pāpesi。【過pāpita。【現pāpenta。【獨】pāpetvāimper. pāpaya, and pāpayassu J IV.20. fut. pāpessati and pāpayissati.

Pābhati(pa+ā+pp. of bh支持“that which has been brought here,”),【中】 1.禮物,賄賂(a present, bribe)2.金錢,價格(money, price)kathāpābhati,帶來之說(“a tale brought,” occasion for something to tell, news, story)

Pābhata(pa+ābhata),【中】禮物(brought, conveyed)

Pāmaga,【中】腰帶,束腰帶(a band or chain)

Pāmeti (pa+mi(mā)+e), 比較。

Pāmujja(grd. form. tr. pa+mud歡樂),【中】高興,歡喜,快樂(delight, joy, happiness; often combd with pīti.)

Pāmokkha,【形】1.主要的,第一的,傑出的。2.向東的。【陽】領袖。

Pāmojja, pāmujja(cp. BSk. prāmodya),【中】高興,歡喜,快樂。

Pāya(<pa+ā+yā),【形】(在【合】中)開始(setting out, starting)

Pāyena(<pāya),【副】幾乎完全地,一般地,主要地,大部分,通常(for the most part, commonly, usually)

Pāyaka(<pā to drink),【形】令人吮吸者使喝者(drinking)

Pāyāti (pa(pra)+ā+yā+a), 出發,開始,往前去(to set out, start, go forth)。【過】pāyāsipāyī,【形】喝的人。【過pāyāta3rd pl. pāyesu and pāyisu. pp. pāyāta

Pāyāsa (cp. Class. Sk. pāyāsa), 牛奶粥(rice boiled in milk, milk-rice, rice porridge)

Pāyāsi, (人名)弊宿王,是憍薩羅國制多(Ceta)的首長。由於在人間所行的佈施,死後投生在四大王天。伽梵婆提長老(Gavampati)訪問他時,他說在佈施時,沒有恭敬心,因此投生在四大王天。但是為他監督佈施的最上’(Uttara)投生在更高的三十三天,因為他佈施時很細心與恭敬地親手施。

Pāyin (<pā, see pivati), 【形】【中】喝(drinking)

Pāyeti (pā(pā)+e, see pibati), 1.給喝的,做飲料(to give to drink, to make drink)2.灌溉(to irrigate)。【過】pāyesi, apāyesi。【過pāyita。【現pāyenta, pāyamāna。【獨】pāyetvāCaus. II. pāyāpeti

pār﹐【字根VII.】能幹(to be able)

Pāra,【中】彼岸,另一邊。pāragata,【形】達到終點的人,達到彼岸者。pāragavesī,【形】找尋終點,尋覓彼岸。pāragāmī,【陽】到彼岸去。pāragū, pāragata, pārappatta,【形】已超越,經過,越過。pāralokika,【形】與另一個世界連接,未來的再生。lakkhaamantapāragū, 精通相術。

Pārada,【陽】水銀,汞。

Pāradārika,【陽】姦夫,通姦者。

Pāramitā, pāramī(<parama),【陰】完成,完美,波羅蜜(completeness, perfection, highest state波羅密)。有十種波羅蜜1(dāna)2持戒(sīla)3出離(nekkhamma出離欲望)4智慧(paññā..)5精進(vīriya)6忍辱(khanti)7真實(sacca不妄語)8決意(adhiṭṭhāna不動搖己意、信守諾言)9(mettā增益眾生安樂)10(upekkhā旁觀、平等心)。「天竺俗法,凡造事成辦,皆言到彼岸。」(T25.145.2)

Pārampariya,【中】傳統。

Pāra,【副】超過,橫過,越過。

Pārājika,【形】波羅夷(比丘犯的四大重罪:行淫、殺人、偷竊五錢以上、大妄語)pārājika可能由para-√ajpara-√ji而來;aj有「驅擯」﹑「趕出」的意思,ji有「打敗」﹑「征服」的意思,所以pārājika可以譯為「驅擯」或「他勝」。比丘、比丘尼犯了這一重罪後,會遭到「驅擯」,並取消比丘資格。Pārā.III,28.(CS:Pārā.pg.34)Pārājiko hotīti seyyathāpi nāma puriso sīsacchinno abhabbo tena sarīrabandhanena jīvitu.(驅擯(波羅夷)︰如同人斷了頭,雖然有身體不可能活命。) Pārā.III,47.(CS:Pārā.pg.58)Pārājiko hotīti seyyathāpi nāma paṇḍupalāso bandhanā pavutto abhabbo haritatthāya(驅擯︰如同樹上掉來的枯葉不可能再綠。)

Pārāpata, pārāvata,【陽】鴿子。

Pārāyana,【中】最終的目標,主要的對象

Pāricariyā(<paricarati),【陰】服侍,服務,等候(going about, service, ministration, worship)

Pāricchattaka(=pārijāta),【陽】刺桐(亞洲熱帶地區和澳大利亞北部的一種有刺小喬木 (the coral treeErythrina indica))。又作:晝度樹,波利質多羅,香遍樹,為生於忉利天之樹。

Pārijuñña (abstr. fr. parijuṇṇa, pp. of pari+jur),【中】1.衰落,損失(decay, loss (bhogapārijuñña)2.失財(loss of property, poverty)

Pāripanthika(<paripantha),【形】1.攔路強盜,強盜(highwayman, robber)2.危險的,脅迫的(connected with danger, threatening)

Pāripūrī(abstr. fr. pari+pūr充滿, cp. BSk. pāripūri),【陰】充滿,實踐,完成(fulfilment, completion, consummation)。。【單.具﹑離﹑與﹑屬﹑處】paripūriyā

Pārima,【形】那邊的,更遠的。

Pāribhogika(< paribhoga),【形】屬於使用的、享用的(belonging to use or enjoyment)

Pārivaṭṭaka,【形】交換,物物交換。

Pārisajja,【形】集會的,會議的成員。

Pārisuddhi,【陰】純淨。pārisuddhisīla,【中】生計的純淨。

Pāruta, (Pārupati的【過) 裹住,戴面紗,穿上。duppāruta, 穿薄衣的。

Pārupati (pa+ā+rup+a), ,戴面紗,穿上。【過】pārupi。【獨】pārupitvā。【現pārupantapārupana,【中】寬大外衣,袈裟。

Pārevata,【陽】鴿子,鴿色

Pāroha,【陽】樹的叉子,從樹枝懸垂的根(像孟加拉榕樹的)

Pāla, pālaka, pāletu,【陽】守衛,監護人,保護者。

Pālana,【中】pālanā,【陰】保護,保存,政府。

Pāli, Pāḷi,【陰】線,範圍,本文佛教經典,巴利語(是一種古代印度俗語,是屬於語系-語族印度-雅利安語支的一種中古印度-雅利安語,與梵文十分相近。上座部所有的三藏經典都是以巴利文記載)。摩竭陀王朝時代(西元前390~西元182),以巴利語為主,但大眾系與南方的分別說系使用阿布蘭迦語(印度俗語)。案達羅王朝(西元前29~西元233)時代的空相應大乘經出於大眾系的『雜藏』,所以也使用阿布蘭迦語;西北方的說一切有系,使用雅語(梵語)。笈多王朝(西元320540)前後,真常唯心與秘密經軌,後代論師的作品,才多使用梵語。

Pālicca,【中】頭髮的白色。

Pālita, (Pāleti‘保護的【過) 保護

Pāletipālayati (pāl保護+e), 保護,保衛,保持。【過】pālesi。【現pālenta。【現pāletabba。【獨】pāletvā。【不】pāletu

Pāvaka,【陽】火。

Pāvacana,【中】聖經。

Pāvaa,【陽】臀部。

Pāvassi, (pavassati 的【過】)

Pāvāra,【陽】(cloak披風),覆蓋物。pāvārika,【形】蓬商人。

Pāvusa,【陽】雨季,一種魚。

Pāvussaka,【形】雨季的。

Pāsa1 (Vedic pāśa),【陽】pāsaka,【中】陷阱(snare),彈弓(a sling),鈕扣洞,誘惑,結(tie, fetter)

Pāsa2 (Class. Sk. prāsa fr. pra+as), (a spear, a throw)

Pāsa3 (a stone?) at PvA.63 (pās’antare) is probably a misreading and to be corrected to palāsa (palās’antare, similarly to rukkh’antare, kaṭṭh’-- and mūl’antare), foliage)

Pāsaka,【陽】骰子,投。

Pāsaṇḍa(cp.pārada),【中】異端。pāsaṇḍaka, pāsaṇḍika,【陽】異教徒,宗派。

Pāsāṇa,【陽】石頭,岩石,巖。pāsāṇagua。【陽】石球。pāsāṇacetiya,【中】石塔 (以石頭製成的聖地)pāsāṇapitthi,【陰】岩石的表面。pāsāṇaphalaka,【陽】石板。pāsāṇalekhā,【陰】石碑文。pāsāṇacchatta, 石傘hapetvā pāsāṇe, 拋錨後(Sp.Mv.V,1053.)

Pāsāda(pa+ā+sad, cp. Class. Sk. prāsāda),【陽】大廈,宮殿,城堡(a lofty platform, a building on high foundations, a terrace, palace)pāsadatala,【中】(大廈的)上層,樓上。Migāramātupāsāda, 【陽】鹿母講堂。satta-bhūmakapāsāda, 【陽】七層塔(a tower with 7 platforms)

Pāsādika(< pasāda),【形】1.令人喜愛的,可愛的,親切的,端正的(pleasing, pleasant, lovely, amiable)2.舒適的(comfortable)

Pāsāvin(< pasavati) ,【形】產生(bringing forth S.V,170; J.I,394.)

Pāhua,【陽】客人。【中】招待客人的餐,禮物。pāhueyya,【形】值得款待的(cf. āhuvanīya可奉獻的;值得先供或最先奉獻)

Pāheti (pa+hi+e), 使送。【過】pāhesi

Pi,【無】( api 與前一詞結合的詞形)也,以及,雖然如此,但是,然而,或許,也許。pi ce﹐即使、儘管。

Pika,【陽】杜鵑鳥(cuckoo)

Pigala,【形】褐色,黃褐色的。pigalanetta,【形】有紅眼睛的。pigalamakkhikā,【陰】牛虻(gadfly)

Picu,【中】棉花。picupaala,【中】一薄層的棉花。

Piccha,【中】1.尾羽毛,2.(任何類型的)樹膠。picchila,【形】光滑的。

Piñja,【中】尾羽毛,鳥的尾部。

Piñjara,【形】微紅色的。

Piññāka,【中】芝麻餅、油餅(tila seed-cake, oilcake),椰子油渣餅(亦稱椰乾餅)(ground sesamum, flour of oil-seeds)

Piaka,【中】籃子,容器,佛教三藏經典之一藏。piakattaya。【中】三藏(即:律藏Vinaya、經藏Sutta、論藏abhidhamma)piakadhara,【形】熟悉任何一藏者(例:律師、法師、論師)

Piṭṭha,【中】背面,後面,表面,(穀粒等的)麵粉。pithakhādaniya,【中】以麵粉製成的糕點或糖果。pithadhītalikā,【陰】素燒玩偶。pithapiṇḍī,【陰】麵團。

Piṭṭhi,【陰】背面,背部(台語:尻脊骿()kha ciah4 phainn7),上邊,頂端。piṭṭhiṭṭhika,【中】脊椎骨。piṭṭhigata,【形】騎在獸背,騎在人背。piṭṭhipassa,【中】後面。【處】在後面,在後邊。piṭṭhipāsāṇa,【陽】平坦的岩石。piṭṭhimasika,【形】誹謗,背後指責。piṭṭhivasa,【陽】後陽臺。Mv.I,40.piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandheyya, 應尾隨其後。

Pihara,【陽】大廣口瓶。

piṇḍ﹐【字根VII.】滾成一堆、團、糰(to roll into a lump)

Piṇḍa, piṇḍaka,【陽】塊(尤指小塊),糰食。piṇḍacārika,【形】托缽者。piṇḍadāyaka,【陽】施食者。piṇḍapāta(piṇḍa團狀食物+pāta落下),【陽】托缽。古譯:分衛。piṇḍapātika,【形】常乞食苦行僧,只吃托缽的食物苦行僧。piṇḍaḍācāra,【陽】行托缽。

Piṇḍāya (piṇḍa 的【與.單】), 施食。

Piṇḍikamasa,【中】臀部。

Piṇḍiyālopabhojana,【中】托缽所得的食物。

Piṇḍī,【陰】群,串。

Piṇḍita, (Piṇḍeti的【過) 弄成團,混合,收縮

Piṇḍeti (piṇḍ+e), 弄成團,混合,收縮。【過】piṇḍesi。【獨】piṇḍetvā

Piṇḍolya,【中】行去托缽。

Pitāmaha,【陽】祖父。

Pitika,【形】(在【合】中) 有父親的,父親的,來自父親的。

Pitipakkha,【陽】父系。

Pitar(pit﹐父二人(雙數格)表雙親),【陽】父親。單..pitā;複.pitaro;單..pitapitā;複.pitaro;單..pitara;複..pitarepitaro;單..﹑離.pitarā;複..﹑離.pitarehipitarebhipitūbhipitūhi;單..﹑屬.pitupitaunopitussa;複..﹑屬.pitarānapitānapitūna;單..pitari;複..pitaresupitūsupitukicca,【中】父親的責任。pitughāta,【陽】弑父。pitusantaka,【形】父親的所有物,父親的。pitito, 【離.單】由父系(by the father’s side)cuapituputto﹐【陽】小叔父之子。

Pitucchā(pitu+svasā, cp. Sk. pitṛ-ṣvas),【陰】姑母(父親的姊妹father’s sister, aunt)pitucchāputta, pituputta,【陽】姑媽的兒子(aunt’s son, (boy) cousin)pitucchādhītā, (aunt’s daughter, (girl) cousin)

Pitta,【中】膽汁(bile)pituadhika,【形】膽汁質的。

Pithīyati (api+dhā+i+ya, pidahati 的【被】), 被關閉,關上,使暗。【過】pithīyi

Pidahati (api+dhā+a), 關上,關,覆蓋。【過】pidahi。【過pidahita, pihita。【獨】pidahitvā, pidhāya

Pidahana,【中】關閉。

Pidhāna,【中】蓋子,罩子。

Pināsa,【陽】黏膜炎(catarrh)

Pipāsā(desid. form. fr. pā, pibati>pipati, lit. desire to drink),【陰】1.口渴(thirst=udaka-pipāsā);饑餓khudā (hunger) (khuppipāsā); or jighacchā. 2.饑渴(longing (for food))3.渴求(desire, craving, longing (avigata°); (pipāsavinaya))

Pipāsita (pivāsati 的【過) 已口渴。

Pipillikā, pipīlikā,【陰】螞蟻。

Pipphala, pipphalaka,【中】剪刀。

Pipphalī(pippalī),【陰】蓽撥,蓽茇(long pepper亞洲東部的一種胡椒科植物(Piper longum) 的果實,不如普通胡椒那樣辛辣,但略甜更香的調味料。性辛熱,歸胃、大腸經。溫中散寒,下氣止痛。用於脘腹冷痛,嘔吐,泄瀉,偏頭痛,疝氣,外治牙痛。)《南海寄歸內法傳》卷第三:「若覺有冷投椒薑蓽[/(-+)]。若知是風。著胡蔥荊芥。醫方論曰。諸辛悉皆動風。唯乾薑非也。」(T54.224.3)「薑椒蓽茇,旦咽而風冷全祛。」(T54.225.2)

Piya ( Priya),【形】親愛的(對自身、親族),親切的,心愛的。【陽】丈夫。【中】親愛的事物。piyakamyatā,【陰】渴求親愛的事物,渴求變成親愛。piyatara,【形】更親愛的。piyatama,【形】最親愛的。piyadassana,【形】漂亮的。piyarūpa,【中】動人心目的外貌。piyavacana,【中】愛語,婉言。【形】婉轉的。piyabhāṇī, piyavādī,【形】措詞婉轉。piyavippayoga,【陽】愛別離(與心愛的分離)piyacakkhūhi sampassitabbo(MA.6./I,156.), 以愛眼相視piyāpiya,【形】親愛與怨恨的。《法句經》212偈︰“Piyato jāyatī soko, piyato jāyatī bhaya; Piyato vippamuttassa, natthi soko kuto bhaya.”(從喜愛生憂,從喜愛生怖;離喜愛無憂,從何處恐怖。)D.22./II,306.130.“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho? Idha yassa te honti iṭṭhā kantā manāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā, ye vā panassa te honti 1atthakāmā 2hitakāmā 3phāsukakāmā 4yogakkhemakāmā mātā vā pitā vā bhātā vā bhaginī vā mittā vā amaccā vā ñātisālohitā vā, yā tehi saddhi asagati asamāgamo asamodhāna amissībhāvo, aya vuccati, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho.(然,諸比丘!什麼是愛別離苦呢?於此,凡是可喜的、愉快的、合意的色、聲、香、味、觸、法;或者凡是1益的欲2利的欲、3舒適的欲、4從執著中釋放的欲,或母、或父、或兄弟、或姐妹、或朋友、或同事、或親戚,凡是不和合、不集合、不聯合、不會合。諸比丘!這稱為愛別離苦)

Piyagu,【陽】粟(medicinal plant一種粗糙,抗旱,但不耐霜凍的一年生禾草 (Setaria italica),作穀物、乾草和飼料)

Piyatā,【陰】心愛。

Piyā,【陰】妻子。

Piyāpāya,【形】愛別離的(與心愛的分離的)

Piyāyati (piya 的【派】), 喜歡,持爲親愛的,投入的。【過】piyāyi。【過piyāyita。【現piyāyanta, piyāyamāna,【獨】piyāyitvā

Piyāyanā,【陰】愛,喜愛。

Pilakkha,【陽】糙葉榕(一種有粗糙葉片的無花果樹 (Ficus infectoria),果不可食)

Pilandhati (api+nah+a), 裝飾,穿上。【過】pilandhi。【過pilanhita。【獨】pilandhiya, pilandhitvā

Pilandhana,【中】裝飾,穿著,修飾。

Pilavati, plavati (plav+a), 飄浮,很快地移動,游泳。【過】plavi。【過plavita。【獨】plavitvācf. Uplavati (飄浮)

Pilotikā,【陰】碎布,舊衣。

Pillaka,【陽】小動物

Pihaka (v. l. mihakā), 糞蟲(at S.17.5./II,228 is to be read as mīḷhakā “cesspool” (q. v.). The C. quoted on p. 228 expls incorrectly by “kasalak’ādi gūthapāṇakā,” which would mean “a low insect breeding in excrements” (thus perhaps=paaga?). The trsl. (K.S. II.155) has “dung-beetle.”

Pivati, Pibati (pā+apā被改成 piba), (to drink)。【過】pivi。【過pita。【現pivanta, pivamāna。【獨】pītvā, pivitvā。【不】pātu, pivitu

Pivana,【中】喝。

pis﹐【字根II.】磨擦(to grind)

Pisati (pis磨擦+a), Pisati (pis磨擦+-a), 磨擦,壓破(to grind, crush, destroy)。【過】pisi。【過pisita。【獨】pisitvā, pisitvā, pisetvāPass. pisīyati to perish. -- pp. pisita.

Pisana, pisana,【中】研磨,磨成粉。

Pisāca, PisācakaPesāca(piśācāḥpiśācaka),【陽】小妖(a demon, goblin, sprite),音譯:畢舍遮、毘舍闍鬼。

Pisita,【中】肉。

Pisua,【形】中傷,挑撥離(backbiting, calumnious, malicious)pisuṇāvācā,【陰】兩舌,挑撥的話。兩舌:台語liong2 sih8,離間,嚼舌(哺舌poo7 sih8),講長短腳話kong2 tng5 te2 kha ue7。「沙門瞿曇捨棄中傷語(pisua vāca)、戒除(paivirato)兩舌(pisuṇāya vācāya),不此處聞彼處告,以離間此處之諸人;又不彼處聞此處告,以離間彼處之諸人。」“‘Pisua vāca pahāya pisuṇāya vācāya paivirato samao Gotamo, ito sutvā na amutra akkhātā imesa bhedāya, amutra vā sutvā na imesa akkhātā amūsa bhedāya《梵網經》D.1./I,4.

pisodara, 披索達拉(插入字方法的文法)

pih﹐【字根VII.】渴愛(to desire)

Pihaka,【中】脾臟(spleen)

Pihayati (pih渴愛+ya), 需要,渴望,努力。【過】pihayi。【過pihāyita

Pihā, (<sph, sphā)【陰】羨慕,欲望。apiha【形】無欲望。

PihanaPihanā(<piheti)﹐羨慕(envying)

Pihāyanā,【陰】欲望,親愛,鍾愛。

Pihālu,【形】妄羨的。

Pihita, (pidahati 的【過)

Piakā,【陰】癤子(boil),水泡(blister)

Pisati, 磨擦,壓破。參考 pisati

pī﹐【字根V.】樂於、嗜好(to take delight in)

Pīṭha,【中】椅子,座位。pīṭhaka,【中】pīṭhikā,【陰】小椅子,長椅子。

Pīṭhasappī,【陽】跛者(cripple)

Pīṇana,【中】喜悅,滿足。

Pīṇeti (pīṇ+e), 使喜悅,取悅,使滿意,鼓舞,使清新。【過】pīṇesi。【過pīṇita。【獨】pīṇetvā。【現pīṇenta

Pīta, (pivati 的【過)已喝。

Pīta, pītaka,【形】黃色的,金色的。【陽】黃色。pītakasia黃遍。kaikārapupphasamāna pītaka﹐相似於翅子樹花(之色),為金色 (Pterospermum Acerifolium)

Pītana,【中】黃色素,黃色顔料。

Pīti (<pīṇayati使清新cp. Class. Sk. prīti & Vedic prīta pp. of prī, see pīneti & piya),【陰】禪悅,歡喜,高興(emotion of joy, delight, zest, exuberance)pītipāmojja,【中】歡喜和高興。pītibhakkha,【形】以禪悅爲食的。pītimana,【形】心的喜悅,使高興的。pītirasa,【陽】禪悅的味道,禪悅的情緒。sambojjhaga,【陽】喜覺支。pītisahagata,【形】有喜陪伴的。《分別論》(vibha.567)Tattha katamā pīti? Yā pīti pāmojja āmodanā pamodanā hāso pahāso vitti odagya attamanatā cittassa--aya vuccati “pīti”.(此中,什麼是呢?凡是喜、高興、喜悅、極悅、歡樂、極歡樂幸福洋洋得意、心滿意足,稱為)

Pīna,【形】肥的,胖的,膨脹的。【梵】pīnāyatakara(having a full and prominent ears), ()耳厚長(《大般若經》(T6.968.2)作︰世尊耳厚廣大脩長輪埵成就)( (八十種好之一)

Pīṇeti﹐高興(to gladden),快樂(please, cheer),滿意(satisfy),使強壯(to invigorate)。【過pīṇita

pīḷ﹐【字根VII.】虐待(to maltreat)

Pīḷaka,【形】壓迫,壓迫者。

Pīḷana,【中】pīḷa,【陰】壓抑,受傷,損害。

Pīḷā (cp. Class. Sk. pīḍā fr. pīḍ) ,【陰】1.痛苦(pain, suffering )2.壓迫,傷害(oppression, damage, injury)

Pīlikoikā (reading not quite sure, cp. koikā) ,【陰】眼屎(眼的分泌物)(eyesecretion)

Pīḷita [pp. of pīḷeti] 已壓迫,已折磨。dubbhikkhapīḷita, 食物缺乏的折磨。cp. abhipīḷita, papīḷita.

Pīḷeti (pīḷ虐待+e, cp. Vedic pīḍayati, pīḍ), 壓迫,壓,壓碎,使屈服,騷擾(to press, to weigh down heavily, to crush, to keep under, subjugate, to molest)。【過】pīḷesi。【過pīḷita。【獨】pīḷetvā

Pu, 音︰補(as a term for Purgatory (niraya地獄): see Bdhgh’s etym. of puggala補伽羅Vism.310.)

Pukkusa(non-Aryan; cp. Epic Sk. pukkuśa, pukkaśa pulkasa),【陽】清潔工,拒絕,補羯婆(音譯)( (Non-Aryan) tribe, hence designation of a low social class, the members of which are said (in the Jātakas) to earn their living by means of refuseclearing)

Puggala(pudgala),【陽】個體(individual),人(person, mansaṅghaparisā的反義詞),補伽()(character, soul(=attan))puggalañū, 知人(knowing individuals)parapuggala, 他人(another man)purisapuggala, 個人(individual man, being, person)Vism.310.“pun ti vuccati nirayo, tasmiŋ galantī ti puggalā”(由於地獄之義的「補」(pun)及墮於彼處(地獄)之義的「伽羅」(galanti)而成為補伽羅())補伽羅(puggala梵語 pudgala補特伽羅),《一切經音義》卷第十六(T54.406.2)︰「富伽羅(梵語此譯為「數取趣」也,數數於三界中往來也,或云「補特迦羅」也)。」《一切經音義》卷第四十八(T54.624.2):「案梵本,補,此云數。特伽,此云取。羅,此云趣。云數取趣,謂數數往來諸趣也。」雖然有以上的定義,稱作「四雙八輩」(cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā初果向、初果,乃至阿羅漢向、阿羅漢)的聖者,尚以「補伽羅」為名。puggalaparoparaññū﹐觀察眾人,知人勝劣,知人勝如(AA.7.64./IV,57-8.)puggalaparoparaññū hotīti eva bhikkhu puggalāna paropara tikkhamudubhāva jānanasamattho nāma hoti.(知人勝劣︰如是比丘識別眾人高低、利鈍。)attha ca puggaladhammaddasa(< puggala-dhamma-(d)dasa, m.Nom.pl. dasa < dis/das, a. 看見的())八輩(八個ㄍㄜˋ)見法之人。

cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā, 四雙八輩(須陀洹道及須陀洹果,向斯陀含道及斯陀含果,向阿那含道及阿那含果,向阿羅漢道及阿羅漢果)

Puggalapaññatti,【陰】《人施設論》巴利論藏第四部,「人」(puggala),是指凡人、聖人、因人、果人等意義的人。「施設」(paññatti)意為類集、安立、與分別。全書包含論母(mātikā)與解說兩部份。而在漢譯《集異門足論》、《舍利弗阿毘曇論》〈人品〉中也有與本書相似的敘述。puggalika,【形】個人的,個體的。

Puggalappasanna(puggala+pasanna已明亮)﹐為人光明正大。

Pukha,【中】箭羽(箭的羽毛部份the feathered part of an arrow)Cp. pokha.

Pugava,【陽】公牛(喻高貴的人)Buddhaguagāthāvalī(佛陀功德頌)mahāpabodhipugavo, v.53.munipugavo, v.96.v.814.paññapugavo, v.141.purisapugavo, v.508.isipugavo,v.603.(ṛṣipugava牛王仙, Śatapañcāśatka, v.91.)ñāṇapugavo, v.618.

Pucimanda(<picumanda),【陽】印度楝(the Nimba tree, Azadirachta Indica。參考 Nimba)

Puccaṇḍa (pūti+aṇḍa),【中】腐臭的蛋。

pucch﹐【字根I.】詢問(to question)

Puccha,【中】尾巴。

Pucchaka,【陽】發問者。

Pucchati (pucch詢問+a), 問,詢問。【過】pucchi。【過puṇḍha, pucchita。【現pucchanta。【獨】pucchitvā。【義】pucchitabba。【不】pucchitu

Pucchana,【中】詢問的行爲。

Pucchā,【陰】問題。

Pujja,【形】光榮的,表示尊敬的。

Pujāriji, Pujāri ji,【印】【無】住持(abbot, 由主持供奉儀式轉變而來的字)Dhp.v.73.Āvāsesu ca issariya(僧院為院主)issariya(院主)可能不通用。

Puñchati (puñch+a), 拭去清理。【過】puñchi。【過puñchita。【獨】puñchitvā。【現puñchanta, puñchamāna

Puñchana,【中】1.擦掉,2.擦拭的布料,手巾。

Puñchanī,【陰】擦拭的布料,手巾,音譯:晡旃尼。

Puñja,【陽】堆,大堆。puñjakata,【形】成堆的,堆積的。

Puñña,【中】福,善,功德,功績,正義。puññakamma,【中】福業(有功德的行動)puññakata(=katapuñña)﹐作福puññakāma,【形】想福的,想功德的。puññakiriyā,【陰】好行動,福業。puññakkhandha,【陽】福蘊(大量的功績)puññakkhaya,【陽】福盡(功績的疲憊)puññatthika,【形】想功績的。puññapekkha,【形】希望有功德的。puññaphala,【中】福報,福果。puññabhāga,【陽】福份Puññabhāgiyanti dibbe kāme patthetvā sucaritapāripūriyā devaloke nibbattassa attabhāvo puññabhāgiyo nāma, duccaritapāripūriyā apāye nibbattassa attabhāvo apuññabhāgiyo nāma.(順福分:已望天國,實踐善行,自體再生於天世間的順福分之名。非順福分:實踐惡行,自體已再生於惡趣順福分之名。)puññabhāgī,【形】有福份的。puññabhisakhāra﹐【陽】福行、善行。puññavantu,【形】有福的,有品德的。puññānubhāva,【陽】福的力量。puññabhisanda,【陽】積福。puññasampadā,【陰功德財A.9.10./IV,373.:九種補特伽羅者是世間無上福田(anuttara puññakkhetta lokassa)Arahā, arahattāya paipanno, anāgāmī, anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paipanno, sakadāgāmī, sakadāgāmiphala- sacchikiriyāya paipanno, sotāpanno, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paipanno, gotrabhū.(阿羅漢、向阿羅漢、不還者、向不還果之現證者、一來者、向一來果之現證者、預流者、向預流果之現證者、(改變凡夫成為聖人的)種姓者。) A.7.58./IV,89.Mā bhikkhave puññāna bhāyittha, sukhass’eta bhikkhave adhivacana, yad ida puññānan ti.(諸比丘!你們不要怕諸褔,這是樂的同義語,這即是諸褔。) A.7.59./CS:pg.3.182.puññānīti yadida vacana, eta sukhassa iṭṭhassa vipākassa adhivacana nāma. (︰這句話是樂的、令人喜愛的果報的同義語。)

(A.8.36./IV,241-3.)

施類福業事

戒類福業事

修類福業事

苦厄之人

少作

少作

未作

安樂之人

中作

中作

未作

四天王之伙伴

多作

多作

未作

忉利天之伙伴

多作

多作

未作

夜摩天之伙伴

多作

多作

未作

兜率天之伙伴

多作

多作

未作

自在化樂天之伙伴

多作

多作

未作

他化自在天之伙伴

多作

多作

未作

Pua, puaka,【陽】【中】(通常是以樹葉做的)容器,口袋,籃子(“tube,” container, hollow, pocket)puabaddha,【形】打包成包裹的。puabhatta,【中】一包飯。puabhedana,【中】包裹迸裂(種子)的袋子(breaking of the (seed-) boxes of the Pāṭali plant)puasa,【形】掛肩上的背包(裝旅途資糧的肩袋)

Putoi(=mutoi), 【陰】袋子(sack)

Puṭṭha1 (poseti 的【過), ,滋養,培養。

Puṭṭha2 (pucchati 的【過), 已被問,已被審問(=phuṭṭho, Sn. PTS:v.918.)puṭṭhakāla, 已被問之時。

Puṇḍarīka,【中】白睡蓮。

Puṇṇa (pūrati 的【過), 已滿,已完成。puṇṇaghaa,【陽】已滿的大水罐。puṇṇacanda,【陽】滿月,望月,月圓。puṇṇapatta,【中】禮物。

Puṇṇamāsī, puṇṇamī,【陰】月圓日(農曆十五。中國民間說「十五的月亮十六圓」,是因爲月球繞地球轉動,平均需要2912小時44分鐘。在「望」時,月、地、日最接近一條直線,月亮因此也最圓、最亮。月亮每次抵達「望」的時間不同,大多在農曆十六日甚至十七日凌晨。目前泰、緬、斯三國的月圓日都不完全一樣,會誤差為一天。) ThupavasoSve puṇṇamuposathadivase uttarāsāḷha nakkhattena﹐以星宿來說是明日「鬥宿」的月圓的布薩日。S.22.82./III,100.Tena kho pana samayena Bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā bhikkhusaghaparivuto ajjhokāse nisinno hoti.(那時,世尊於布薩日,十五滿月的月圓之夜,為比丘眾所圍繞在露地坐。)

Puṇṇatā,【陰】puṇṇatta,【中】滿。

Putta,【陽】兒子,孩子。puttaka,【陽】小兒子。puttadāra, 孩子(包括兒子與女兒, KhA.138.)和妻子。mama putto, 我的兒子(在註解書中,佛陀有時用此句稱呼他的證果的弟子)

Puttima (=Puttimant, Puttavant), puttiya,【形】有孩子的。

Puthu,【無】分開的,個別的,甚遠地和廣闊地,個別地。【形】多的。

Puthujjana (BSK.pthagjana),【陽】凡夫,普通人,俗人,沒有受過教育的人。Yena puthujjanoti, ettha--“Duve puthujjanā vuttā, buddhenādiccabandhunā;  Andho puthujjano eko, kalyāṇeko puthujjano”ti. Tattha yassa khandhadhātu-āyatanādīsu uggaha-paripucchā-savana-dhāraa-paccavekkhaṇāni natthi, aya  andhaputhujjano.(以那凡夫,此處--以太陽的種族佛陀所說,一種闇鈍凡夫,一種善凡夫,闇鈍凡夫為不學習問、聞、憶持、省思蘊處界的人。)(DA.1./I,59.) (so hi puthūnanānappakārānakilesādīna jananādīhi kāraehi puthujjano.(凡夫,因爲生産、製造許多的各種不同的污染)。闇鈍凡夫(andhaputhujjana)為不學習問、聞、憶持、省思蘊處界的人(khandhadhātu-āyatanādīsu  uggaha-paripucchā-savana-dhāraa-paccavekkhaṇāni natthi, aya  andhaputhujjano.) (DA.1./I,59.)

Puthuka,【中】砸倒了玉米苗。【陽】小動物

Puthubhūta﹐【形】廣泛蔓延的。

Puthula,【形】寬廣的,大的。

Puthuloma﹐【陽】魚。

Puthuvī,【陰】地,土。

Puthuso,【副】不同地,不一致地。

Puna(cp. Vedic punar, puna),【無】再一次(again)punadivasa,【陽】下一天,隔天(punadivase, on the following day)punābhinibbatti, 再生(birth in a new existence)punappuna,【無】一次又一次(屢屢)punabbhava,【陽】再生(renewed existence, new birth)punavacana,【中】punarutti,【陰】重(repetition)punāgamana,【中】再來,又來(coming again, return)puna capara, 另外。punāvāsa,【陽】再生(rebirth)punanivattati, 再轉回來(to turn back again) punavāre(Loc.), 別的時間(another time)

Punabbasu,【陽】井宿(二十七星宿之一)

Punāti (pu+nā), 清理,篩出。【過】puni。【獨】punitvā

Puneti (puna+eti), 再來,又來。

Punnāga,【陽】胡桐(Alexandrian laurel tree産於東印度群島和太平洋群島的藤 黃科胡桐屬 (Calophyllum) 的喬木)

pupph﹐【字根I.】開花(to blow (as a flower))

Puppha,【中】花,〔生理〕月經來潮。pupphagaccha,【陽】開花植物,矮樹叢。pupphagandha,【陽】花香。pupphacumbaaka,【中】花冠()(戴在頭上的)花串。pupphachaḍḍaka,【陽】清理凋謝的花的人,清道夫,廁所清潔工人。pupphadāma,【陽】花環。pupphadhara,【形】持花的。pupphapaa,【陽】【中】繡花布。pupphamuṭṭhi,【陽】一把花。puppharāsi,【陽】花堆。pupphavatī,【陰】月經期的女人。 akāla-puppha﹐非時花(非其開花季節開花)

Pupphati (pupph開花+a), 開花,盛開花。【過】pupphi。【獨】pupphitvā

Pupphita (Pupphati‘開花的【過), 已開花,已盛開花。

Pubba,【陽】膿,物質。

Pubba,【形】先前的(往昔:台語:以早i2 ca2,以往i2 ong2,以前i2 cing5,卡早khah ca2,古早koo2 ca2,向時hing3 si3,往陣ing2 cun7,往過ing kue3往擺ing2 pai2),比較早的,東方人。(在【合】中) 以前曾經是,例: gatapubba = 曾經去過。pubbanta,【陽】過去,以前的末端。pubbakamma,【中】過去業。pubbakicca,【中】事前準備工作。pubbagama,【形】走在前頭的,在前的。pubbacarita,【中】前世傳記。pubbadeva,【陽】古神,即:阿修羅。pubbanimitta,【中】前兆、瑞相。pubbapurisa,【陽】祖先,古人。pubbapeta,【陽】已故的鬼。pubbabhāga,【陽】前部份。【形】早先的。pubbayoga,【陽】前連接。pubbavideha,【陽】弗婆提洲、東勝身洲(東方大陸的名字)

Pubbaṇṇa,【中】前食,首食(七穀的名字,七穀即:sāli (泰國說「小麥」wheat)vīhi 稻穀、yava 大麥(泰國說糯米’glutinous rice)godhūma 小麥(泰國說「野豌豆」tares)kagu (小米、粟millet or sorghum)varaka (泰國說「薏苡仁」Job’s tears) kudrūsa 穀類)

Pubbaha,【陽】午前。pubbahasamaya,【陽】午前。

Pubbabhāgabhāvanā,【陰】前分修習(前方便)(應作)慈愛經》(Karaṇīyamettasutta)有十五項「修慈前方便」(mettāpubbabhāgo),也可以說是「修道前方便」(pubbabhāgabhāvanā)

 

修道前方便

利益

免受折磨

1

能幹(sakko)

* (1able1Be capable)

易得成就

免頇慢、免拖泥帶水

2

正直(ujū) (身業、語業)

(2right2upright)

老實修行

免扭曲、免詐欺

3

坦誠(suhujū) (意業)

(3straightforward)

直趣涅槃

免虛偽、免走冤枉路

4

好教() (suvaco)

(4easy to instruct)

易受善法

免誤入歧途

5

柔軟(mudu)

(5gentle)

帶來平靜

免衝突、免對抗

6

不驕傲(anatimānī)

(6not conceited)

謙遜自抑

免傲慢、免自負

7

知足(santussako)

(7contented7content)

無求無欲

免多欲、免求不得

8

易扶養(subharo)

(8easy to support8easy to support))

受用喜足

免索求無度

9

少俗務(appakicco)

(9unbusy9with few duties)

專心行道

免憒鬧、免齷齪(台語:ak cak8)

10

生活簡樸(sallahukavutti)

(10frugal10living lightly)

減少負擔

免複雜、免累贅

11

寂靜諸根(santindriyo)

(11serene in faculties11with peaceful faculties)

六根收攝

免污染、免縱欲

12

聰明(nipako)

(12prudent12masterful)

心智敏銳

免愚昧昏庸

13

不粗魯(appagabbho)

(13modest13modest)

威儀庠序

免舉止不雅、免無禮

14

不耽溺俗家(kulesvananugiddho)

(14Not fawning upon families14no greed for supporters.)

閒居用功

免俗務、免攀緣

15

不應該犯智者會指責的任何小過失(na ca khuddamācare kiñci, yena viññū pare upavadeyyu)

(15He would no slight thing do at all that other wise men might deplore.15Do not do the slightest thing that the wise would later censure.)

正道通暢

免被責備、免懊惱

* 英譯一︰Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli,英譯二︰Bhikkhuhanissaro

天臺宗說「二十五種方便」(《修習止觀坐禪法要》(T46.462.3);《摩訶止觀》卷四(T46.35.3))

1

具五緣

持戒清淨

衣食具足

閑居靜處

息諸緣務

得善知識

2

訶五欲

訶色欲者

訶聲欲者

訶香欲者

訶味欲者

訶觸欲者

3

棄五蓋

貪欲蓋

瞋恚蓋

睡眠蓋

掉悔蓋

疑蓋

4

調五法

調節飲食

調節睡眠

調身

調氣息

調心

5

行五法

精進

巧慧

一心

Pubbā,【陰】東部。

Pubbācariya,【陽】師。

Pubbāpara,【形】什麽開始和什麽隨後,前後的。

Pubbuṇḍhāyī,【形】(比他人)先起床的。

Pubbe,【處】從前,過去。pubbekata,【形】從前完成的。pubbenivāsa,【陽】宿世,前世。pubbenivāsañāṇā,【中】pubbesānussati,【陰】記得前世,前世智,前世隨念。pubbe katahetu(=pubbekatahetu)﹐宿命造,其因為於前世所作業。又譯作:因本作,本作因,宿作因。bhūtapubba, 【副】往昔。

Pumati﹐吹(台語:歕pun5),打擊。to blow, aor. pumi; ger. pumitvā

Puma(Puman),【陽】雄,男,人(a male, a man)Nom.sg. pumo; Instr. pumunā. Nom.pl. pumā(itthi-pumā men & women); Acc.sg. puma

Pura﹐前面之前(base of adv. & prep. denoting “before”; Abl. purato (adv. & prep.) in front of (with Gen.), before (only local))

Pura(Vedic pur. f., later Sk. pura nt. & purī f.),【中】1.城鎮,城市(a town, fortress, city)2.住處,房屋,房間(dwelling, house or (divided) part of a house (=antepura內室))3.身體(the body)

Purakkhata,【過】已置在前面,已尊敬,已尊重。

Purakkharoti (purā (puraḥ) +kar+o), 置在前面(to put in front)尊敬(revere)。【過】purakkhari。【過purakkhata。【獨】purakkhatvā。【現purakkharāna(holding before oneself)。【過.3.複】purakkharuṁ; 【獨】purakkhatvā

Purato,【無】在前,之前。purato purato, 之前之前。【反】pacchato pacchato, 之後之後。

Puratthā,【無】東部。puratthābhimukha,【形】向東方看的。

Puratthima,【形】東方的。《海寄歸內法傳》卷第三:「西國五天,皆名東方為前方,南為右方。」(T54.225.2)

Purā,【無】從前,在過去。

Purāṇa,【形】遠古的,舊的,穿舊的,用過的,先前的。purāṇadutiyikā,【陰】前妻(本二,故二)purāṇasālohita,【形】前血親。

Purātana,【形】遠古的,舊的,先前的。參考 purāṇa

Purindada,【陽】富蘭陀羅(天神王的渾名)

Purima,【形】先前的,比較早的。purimajāti,【陰】purimattabhāva,【陽】前世,前生。purimatara, 非常早,比較早的,更早的。purimā koi,本際(最初的邊際)Purimā…koti na paññāyati bhavatahāya ‘ito pubbe bhavatahā nāhosi, atha pacchā sambhavī’ti, evā c’etaj…vuccati. Atha ca pana paññāyati ‘idappaccayā bhavatahā’ti. (「有愛」之最初邊際不可知而說:「從此以前無有愛(從此)以後有(有愛)之生起。」然而,可知:「由此緣有有愛。」有愛即對生存之執取。)

Purimakammabhava﹐以前的業有。PsA(CS:p.1.223)purimakammabhavasminti purime kammabhave, atītajātiya kammabhave kariyamāneti attho.(在以前的業有:在以前的業有,帶來在過去生所作的業有。)

Purisa,【陽】雄,男人,男鬼(=peta, S.19.4~12.Pārā.III,104-7.)purisakāra,【陽】男子氣概。purisathāma,【陽】像男人的力量。purisadamma,【陽】被訓練的人,被改變的人。purisadammasārathī,【陽】被調御的男人的教練。So vuccati yoggācariyāna anuttaro purisadammasārathīti.(他被稱為「諸調御者的無上調御人」)purisaparakkama,【陽】像男人的努力。purisapuggala, 【陽】男的補伽羅。purisamedha,【陽】人祭(精明地提拔及鼓勵官員)purisaliga, purisavyañjana,【中】男性的器官。purisājañña(purisa+jañña純種的), 純種人(thoroughbred man. S.22.79./III,91.)purisājaṇḍa,【陽】顯著的男人。purisasādaka,【陽】食人者。purisādhama,【陽】壞男人。purisindriya,【中】男根,男子氣。purisuttama,【陽】舉世無雙的人,最崇高的男人。Dhp.v.193.“Dullabho purisājañño, na so sabbattha jāyati. Yattha so jāyatī dhīro, ta kula sukhamedhatī”ti.(聖人極難得,彼非隨處生;智者所生處,家族咸蒙慶。)

Purisatta (abstr. fr. purisa),【中】男子氣概(manhood, virility)

Pure,【副】在之前,從前,比較早的。purecārika,【形】走在前頭的,領先的。purejava,【形】跑在前面的。puretara,【副】在任何人之前,最早的。purebhatta,【中】午前。

Purekkhāra,【陽】放在前面,尊敬,熱愛。

Purejāta,【形】前生的。前生緣(Purejātapaccayo)《發趣論》(Paṭṭhāna)(CS:p.1.7):「前生緣(Purejātapaccayo)1.~5 是眼(、耳、鼻、舌、身)處是依眼(、耳、鼻、舌、身)識界及(意識界)諸法之前生緣為緣。6.~10 (、聲、香、味、觸)處是依眼(、耳、鼻、舌、身)識界及其相應諸法之前生緣為緣。11.色處、聲處、香處、味處、所觸處依意界及其相應諸法之前生緣為緣。凡依止於某色而意界及意識界轉者,其色依意界及其相應法之前生緣為緣,而於意識界及其相應之諸法,有時依前生緣為緣,有時不依(指無色界)前生緣為緣。」

Purohita,【陽】國王的宗教顧問(國師、司祭官)

Pulava, pulavaka,【陽】蟲。

Pulina,【中】沙,沙灘。

pus﹐【字根I.1.珍愛(to cherish)。【字根VII.2.滋養( to nourish)

pū﹐【字根V.】使潔淨(uppannato purify)

Pūga,【陽】公會,社團。【中】堆,檳榔果(青仔)pūgarukkha,【陽】檳榔樹(台語:青仔欉chenn a2 cang5)(一種棕櫚屬 (Areca) 和散尾葵屬 (Chrysalidocarpus) 的東半球熱帶棕櫚植物)

pūj(pūj)﹐【字根VII.】禮拜(to worship),供奉、供養(to offer)

Pūjana, pūjā(< pūj, see pūjeti),【陰】供奉,尊敬,尊崇(devotional attention, honour, worship)

Pūjaneyya, pūjanīya, pūjāraha,【形】有尊崇資格的,莊嚴的。

Pūjiya,【形】值得被尊敬的。【中】尊敬的對象pūjiyamāna,【形】被尊敬的。

Pūjita, (pūjeti的【過) 尊敬,尊重,供奉

Pūjeti (pūj+e), 尊敬,尊重,供奉。【過】pūjesi。【現pūjenta, pūjayamāna。【獨】pūjetvā。【不】pūjetu

Pūti, pūtika,【形】腐爛的,腐敗的,發惡臭的。pūtikāya,【陽】藏滿污穢的身體。pūtigandha,【陽】臭味。pūtimaccha,【陽】臭魚。pūtimukha,【形】有爛口的。pūtimutta,【中】牛的小便。pūtilatā,【陰】心葉青牛膽( Gaocī)pūtimuttabhesajja【中】陳棄藥(尿療法,據說,每日喝自己的尿100c.c.以上才有療效)pūtimutta bhesajjāna, 尿藥(誤譯︰陳棄藥)AA.4.27./III,43.Pūtimuttanti yakiñci mutta. Yathā hi suvaṇṇavaṇṇopi kāyo pūtikāyoti vuccati, eva abhinavampi mutta pūtimuttameva.(牛的小便︰任何()尿;金黃色身體的牛尿,正是這類新鮮的牛尿。)KhA.147.“pūtimuttaharītaka nāma Buddhādīhi vaṇṇitan”ti(泡了牛尿的柯子是諸佛等所讚歎的。)

Pūpa,【陽】【中】蛋糕。pūpakāra﹐製麵包人(baker)

Pūpiya,【陽】蛋糕商。

Pūya,【陽】膿(pus)

pūr(p / pṛṇ/ pūr)﹐【字根I.】全部、充滿(to be full)

Pūra,【形】滿的,充滿的。duppūra,【形】難滿的。

Pūraka,【形】裝滿者,實踐,完成。

Pūraa(<pūreti) 【形】【中】1.【形】充滿(filling)2.【中】填充物(an expletive particle)padapūraa,偈誦填詞(verse-filler)

Pūrāpeti (pūreti‘填充的【使】), 使填充。【過】pūrāpesi。【過pūrāpita。【獨】pūrāpetvā

Pūreti (pūr充滿+e< caus. of pūrati < pūr;梵pṛṇa(ā)ti <p), 使充滿,使填充,使實踐,使完成,使圓滿。【過】pūresi。【過pūrita。【現pūrenta, pūrayamāna。【獨】pūretvā。【不】pūretu

Pūva,【陽】【中】蛋糕,麵包(cake; bread)

Pūvika,【陽】蛋糕經銷商(dealer in cakes)

Pekkha1(pekkha-) (cp.prekṣā f.& prekaka adj.; fr.pa+īks) 【形】當心,盼望…(looking out for, i.e.intent upon, wishingpuññapekkha, 盼望福報(desirous of merit)

Pekkha2 (grd.of pekkhati, prekya)【形】盼望(to be looked for, to be expected, desirable)

Pekkhaka,【形】正在看著的()

PekkhaaPekkhana【中】看,視力(seeing; sight.)

Pekkhati (pa+ikkh+a), 看,看著。【過】pekkhi。【過pekkhita。【獨】pekkhitvā。【現pekkhamāna

Pekhua,【中】孔雀的尾部羽毛。

Pecca(ger. of pa+i, BSk.pretya),【獨】死後(after death)

Peta,【形】死的,已故的。【陽】鬼。petakicca,【中】喪事。petayoni,【陰】鬼的狀態。petaloka,【陽】鬼的世界。petavatthu,【中】鬼故事。

Pettaika,【形】靠父親的財産生活的人。

Pettanika [fr. pitar] one who lives on the fortune or power inherited from his father A.III,76=300.

Pettāpiya(for pettāviya (Epic Sk. pitvya)),伯父(fater’s brother, paternal uncle)

Pettika(<pitar;梵paitṛka),【形】父親的(paternal)pettika gocara, 父親行處(sake p. visaye “your own home-grounds” )mātā-pettika, 母親的及父親的(maternal & paternal)

Petī,【陰】女鬼。

Pettivisaya(& Pitti°) (petti餓鬼+visaya) (paitrya-viaya & pitryaviaya, <pitar, 但受到peta()的影響),【陽】祖靈界(the world of the manes),餓鬼界(the realm of the petas)

Petteyya,【形】尊敬父親的(father-loving, showing filial piety towards one’s father)pettayyatā,【陰】孝順,孝心。

Pema (<prī, see pīṇeti & piya;梵 Prema),【中】愛(友情),感人的。pemanīya,【形】摯愛的,親切的。

Peyya,【形】可以喝的。【中】飲料。

Peyyavajja,【中】善意的話。

Peyyāla,【中】同上(省略填詞)

Pelaka,【陽】野兔(hare)

pes﹐【字根VII.】發送、寄(to send)

Pesaka,【陽】寄件人,參加者。

Pesakāra,【陽】織布者。

Pesana,【中】送出,資訊,服務。pesanakaraka。【陽】僕人。pesanakārikā,【陰】女僕人,婢女。

Pesala(cp. Epic Sk. peśala; SA.6.9.Pesalāti piyasīlā.),【形】舉止良好( lovable, pleasant, well-behaved, amiable)

Pesi, Pesī( peśī), Pesikā,【陰】薄的切片;閉尸意譯為凝結、肉段。指第三個七日間的胎位。

Pesita (peseta 的【過) 已送出,已放出(sent out or sent forth)pesitatta﹐自己已豁出去。

Pesīyati (peseta 的【被】), 被送。【現pesiyamāna

Pesua,【中】誹謗。pesuakāraka,【形】誹謗者。

Pesuika,【陽】誹謗。

Pesuñña,【中】誹謗,譭謗,中傷。Pāci.IV,12(CS:p.20)Pesuñña nāma dvīhākārehi pesuñña hoti-- piyakamyassa vā bhedādhippāyassa vā.  Dasahākārehi pesuñña upasaharati-- jātitopi, nāmatopi, gottatopi, kammatopi, sippatopi, ābādhatopi, ligatopi, kilesatopi, āpattitopi, akkosatopi.(誹謗︰有兩種情況︰討好別人、有挑撥的意圖集錄十種誹謗情況︰()名字、種姓、工作、手藝、疾病、特徵(或男性性器官)、染、犯罪、責備。) Sūcakoti pesuññakārako.

Peseti (pes+e), 送出,送去,雇用,召喚,派人去拿。【過】pesesi。【過pesita。【現pesenta。【獨】pesetvā。【義】pesetabba。。

Pessa, pessiya, pessika(<peseti),【陽】報信者,僕人。

Pessitā (<pessa, preyatā),【陰】作僕人(being a servant, doing service)

Peḷā,【陰】盒子,箱子,櫃子,容器(箱、盆、罐、壺、桶、罎子)

Pokkhara,【中】睡蓮,睡蓮植物,象鼻端,琴身。pokkharatā,【陰】美。pokkharapatta,【中】蓮葉。pokkharamadhu,【中】睡蓮的蜜汁。pokkharavassa,【中】一場花雨,雪暴風雨。

Pokkharai,【陰】池塘,人造池。

Pokha,中】箭羽(箭的羽毛部份)參考 Pukha

Poakila, poagala,【陽】一種葦。poakītūla, 葦草棉。Thag.v.27.“Dabba kusa poakila, usīra muñjapabbaja; Urasā panudissāmi, vivekamanubrūhayan”ti.(突婆.孤沙草,普塔吉羅草,與優尸羅根,以及文叉草,波羅婆草等,增益我遠離,心胸將離草。)

Poṭṭhapāda,【陽】布吒波陀月(月份名,大約在八月至九月之間,農曆716815)

Pohana,【中】打,毆打。

Poheti, potheti (poth+e), 打,襲擊,撚(手指)使劈啪作響。【過】pohesi。【過pohita。【獨】pohetvā。【被】pohiyati

Pohiyamāna,【現】正在挨打。

Poa,【形】向下傾斜的,傾向於,聚合的,領導的。

Pota,【陽】1.小動物2.芽,分枝,3.大船的小船。potaka,【陽】小動物。【陰】potikāpotavāha,【陽】水手。

Potthaka,【陽】【中】書,繪畫的帆布。potthakasibbaka﹐【陽】裝訂書的人(book-binder)

Potthanikā,【陰】匕首。

Potthalikā,【陰】人體模型,布娃娃。

Pothujjanika,【形】凡夫的。

Ponobhavika, ponobbhavikā(pono-=puna),【形】再生。aponobhavika, 不再生(no more rebirth)AA.10.49~50./V,41.ponobbhavikoti punabbhavanibbattako.(再生︰再生再出現。)

Porāna, porānaka,【形】古的,舊的,先前的。porāṇaka-therā﹐諸古長老(複數),註解書提到的,他們的主張學說有紀元前一世紀的斯里藍卡之古長老們的場合。

Porisa,【中】男子氣概,人(舉高手)的高度。

Porisāda,【形】食人者。

Pori,【陰】彬彬有禮的,有禮貌的。

Porohicca,【中】國師的辦公室。

Posa,【陽】人。

Posaka,【形】飼養的,有營養的,撫養的人。

Posikā,【陰】護士,後母。

Posatha,陽】布薩,齋戒日。參考 uposathaposathika,【陽】守持齋戒者。

Posana,【中】撫養,滋養,飼養。

Posāvanika,【中】撫養費,津貼,生計。

Posita (Poseti的【過), 已撫養,已滋養。

Poseti (pus +e), 滋養,撫養,照顧,。【過】posesi。【現posenta。【義】posetabba。【獨】posetvā。【不】posetu

Pratyutpanna-samādhi,【梵】般舟三昧。「般舟三昧」只能「立禪」或「行禪」,是一種極度苦行的方式,《般舟三昧經》(T13.899.3)︰「不得()睡眠三月經行不得休息三月」。這是比頭陀行的「常坐不臥」(不倒單),更苦修。佛教的大德只有少數人有修習。苦修不見得更容易成就。

Plava,【陽】浮子,筏。plavana,【中】跳躍,浮子。

Plavagama,【陽】猴子。

plu(plu)﹐【字根I.】飄浮(to float),跳(to spring)

 

Ph

 

Ph, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第二十二個輔音字母。發音好像漢語中送氣清音的 p

Phaggu,【陽】禁食的時期(a special period of fasting)

Phaggua (cp. Vedic phālguna),【陽】孟春月(月份名,大約在二月至三月之間,農曆116215marking the beginning of Spring; always with ref. to the spring full moon, as phaggua-puṇṇamā at Vism.418)phagguṇī, 二十七星宿之二(張宿 (pubbaphagguṇī),翼宿 (uttaraphagguṇī))

Phagguṇī (cp. Vedic phālgunī),【陰】孟春月。

Phaa(cp. Epic Sk. phaa),【陽】(眼鏡蛇等)頸部因脅骨運動而膨脹的(the hood of a snake)

Phaaka (< phaa),【中】(用來弄平頭髮等,外形像眼鏡蛇膨著的頸部的)工具(Vin.II,107.)

Phaṇī,【陽】眼鏡蛇(a cobra)

phad(spand)﹐【字根II.顫抖(quiver)

Phandati (phad(spand)顫抖+-a), 戰慄(to throb, palpitate)2.激起,悸動,攪亂(to twitch, tremble, move, stir)。【過】phandi。【過phandita。【現phandamāna,【獨】phandetvā

Phandana(<phandati, spandana),【中】phandanā,【陰】悸動(throbbing),震顫(trembling),激動(wavering)

Phandita (pp. of phandati),【中】悸動,激動(throbbing, flashing; throb)

phar﹐【字根I.】瀰漫(to pervade)

Pharaa (< pharati),【中】1.充滿(pervading, suffused (with), quite full (of))2.彌漫,震顫( pervasion, suffusion, thrill)pharaaka,【形】遍佈的,裝滿的。

Pharati (phar瀰漫+a), 彌漫,遍佈,徧滿。【過】phari。【過pharita。【獨】pharitvā。【現pharanta

Pharasu, parasu,【陽】斧頭(hatchet)

Pharusa,【形】粗糙的,苛刻的,無情的。pharusavacana,【中】pharusāvācā,【陰】言語粗魯、苛薄,惡口SA.14.25./II,144.Mammacchedikā pharusā vācā etesanti pharusavācā.(粗惡語具有傷害性的粗惡語。) SA.14.25./II,147.sayampi pharusā, neva kaṇṇasukhā na hadayagamā, aya pharusavācā. (粗惡語粗惡語本身,既不悅耳,也不窩心。)

phal(phal)﹐【字根I.】展現成果(to bear fruit)。【字根VII.】把劃分(to split up)

Phala (cp. Vedic phala, to phal [sphal] to burst),【中】水果,堅果,結果,武器的刀鋒。phalacitta,【中】果心道果。phalaṭṭha,【形】停住在道的享樂。phalatthika,【形】找尋果報。phaladāyī,【形】成功的,有利的,結果的,産生果報的。phalaruha,【形】從種子生長的。phalabhāranamita,【形】果實碩重下垂。phalavantu,【形】産生果實的,有果實的。phalāphala,【中】各種不同的果實。phalāsava,【陽】果計phalasamāpatti 果定(果三摩地)D.16./II,100︰「阿難!當如來於一切相不作意(sabbanimittāna amanasikārā),於滅諸受的無相心三昧(=果定)具足住(ekaccāna vedanāna nirodhā animitta cetosamādhi upasampajja viharati)阿難!那時如來的身體,才會最舒服。」 DA.16./II,548.由住於果定才會舒服(yasmā iminā phalasamāpattivihārena phāsu hoti)。「無相心三昧」有的譯作「無相三昧」。果定滅盡定不同。巴宙譯︰入於滅想定;元亨版譯︰入於滅受想三昧時。

Phalaka,【陽】【中】甲板,厚木板,盾。

Phalati (phal +a),1.分裂(to split, burst open)2.(),爆裂開(to become ripe, to ripen)。【過】phali。【過phalita, phulla。【獨】phalitvā。【現phalanta。【使】phāleti , phāṭeti

Phalika﹐水晶(crystal)又作水精、頗梨。《翻譯名義集》卷第三(T54.1105.3)作:「頗梨,或云塞頗胝迦。此云水玉,即蒼玉也,或云水精,又云白珠。」

Phalin (< phala),【形】有果實(的樹),産生果實(bearing fruit)

Phalu (cp. Vedic paru),【中】(蘆葦等的)(a knot or joint in a reed)phalubīja,【中】(竹等)産出植物的節。

phas, phus(spṛś)﹐【字根I.】接觸(to touch)cp. (mṛś)接觸(touch)

Phassa1, (<phussati 去觸)【陽】觸覺,接觸(‘的範圍很廣,包括︰蟲,蜂,牛,日),古譯:更樂。tiṇṇa sagati phasso﹐三事和合觸(i.e.cakkhu, rūpā, 眼識cakkhu-viññāṇa),三法相依相關;亦即能緣之心(與心所),依靠「依處」(vatthu﹐六依處之一),取「所緣」(ārammaa﹐對象),而產生識知的作用。

Phassa2 (grd.<phusati,spṛśya) 【形】被感覺(to be felt)

Phassati﹐與phusati()同。phassatī ti phasso.(Vism.527)

Phassanā(<phassa)陰】觸(touch, contact with )

Phasseti (phus+e), 觸,達到。【過】phassesi。【過phassita。【獨】phassitvā

Phāṇita,【中】甘蔗汁糖蜜(juice of the sugar cane, raw sugar, molasses)phāṇitapua,【陽】葉製的甜蜜容器。Pāci.IV,348(CS:p.466)Phāṇita nāma ucchumhā nibbatta.(糖蜜︰從甘蔗榨汁。)

Phātikamma,【中】恢復,增加,增進。

Phārusaka (<pharusa, cp.pāruṣaka),【中】刺籬木(sweet lovi-lovi一種小的、常爲灌木狀的、雌雄異株的喬木 (Flacourtia indica) 原産馬達加斯加和亞洲南部,在熱帶地區作爲綠籬植物栽培,果深紅色,微酸,味似李子——亦稱雷蒙子 (ramontchi))

Phāla,【陽】1.鑱、犁頭(ploughshare)2.伐木楔。3.鹹魚,鹹魚片(loa-macchaphāla a string (?) or cluster of salted fish)

Phālaka(< phāleti),【陽】分離者,打破者(splitting; one who splits)Vism.413 (kaṭṭhaphālana)

Phālana,【中】分離(splitting)dāruphālana,【中】劈木頭。Vism.500sūcimukhakhuradhārāhi vijjhanaphālanasadisa dukkha uppajjati, 如受針刺及剃刀割裂之苦一樣。

Phāleti(phāl +e)(Caus. of phalati, phal; a variant is phāṭeti fr. spha), 打破,分離,切成碎片(to split, break, chop, in phrases)。【過】phālesi。【過phālita。【現phālenta。【獨】phāletvā。【不】phāletuphaleyya(可能破裂)gaṇḍaphālana karoti=gaṇḍa phāleti﹐破癰。S.4.6./I,106~7.“Nabha phaleyya pathavī caleyya, Sabbepi pāṇā uda santaseyyu. Sallampi ce urasi pakappayeyyu, Upadhīsu tāṇa na karonti Buddhā”ti.(天崩地裂時(原意︰天裂地震),有情皆驚嚇,又若箭射胸,諸佛不掩蔽。)

Phāsu,【陽】安逸,安慰。【形】舒服的,容易的。phāsuka,【形】愉快的。phāsuvihāra()樂住。aphāsuka, 不愉快的(unpleasant, uncomfortable, not well)Sk. *sparśuka (cp. Pischel § 62), which would be a der. fr. spṛś in same meaning as phassa2 (“lovely”).

Phāsukā(pārśukā), phāsulikā(<phāsuḷi肋骨),【陰】肋骨、肋狀物(rib, only in cpd. upphāsulika)

Phāsuḷā (for phāsukā),肋骨(rib S.II,255 (phāsuḷ-antarikā))

Phāsuḷī (cp. phāsukā & phāsuḷā),肋骨(a rib M.I,80.)

Phiya,【中】槳、櫓(oar)

Phīta,【形】豐裕的,繁榮的,富有的(opulent, prosperous, rich)

Phua1 (pharati 的【過)(=phuta; at DA.I,217 puṭṭha, phuṭṭha), 已遍及,已彌漫,已傳佈(pervaded, permeated, thrilledcp. pariphua)aphua﹐不遍滿。pītiyā phua-sarīro,喜遍滿身體。See also ophua & cp. phuta3.

Phua2 (pp. of sphu to expand, blossom),開花(blossoming out, opened, in full bloom)phuakumuda(Dāvs.IV,49.), 白蓮開敷。cp. phuita.

Phua3, 充滿。A.I,159.‘Pubbe suda aya loko avīci maññe phuo ahosi manussehi, kukkuasapātikā gāmanigamarājadhāniyo’ti.’(往昔此世界是充滿有如無間(地獄)之人,村、邑、庄、都市櫛比。)The same passage as M.I,377 is found at D.I,57, where T. reads phuṭṭa (as also at DA.I,168), with vv. ll. puṭṭha & phua.

Phuṭṭha (phusati 的【過) 接觸(touched, affected by, influenced by)

Phulla, phullita, 【過】已完全打開,已完全擴大,已盛開花。phullamavītagandha, 花開香未離。

phus(spṛś)﹐【字根I.】接觸(to touch)cp. (mṛś)接觸(touch)

Phusati (phas, phus(spṛś)接觸+a), 觸,到達,達到。【過】phusi。【現phusanta, phusamāna。【過phusita, phuṭṭha。【獨】phusitvā

Phusana (abstr. fr. phusati1), 【中】觸(touch)

Phusanā (abstr. fr. phusati1),【陰】得到,觸證(attainment, gaining, reaching)

Phusita1 (either pp. of phusati2 or direct correspondent of Sk. pṛṣata (see pasata2)), 下雨(rain-drop)

Phusita2 (pp. of phusati2 2. i. e. pru, cp. Sk. pruita sprinkled, pṛṣatī spotted antelope), (spotted, coloured, variegated (with flowers) Sn.233 (°agga=supupphit’agga-sākha KhA 192)

Phusita3, Phussita3 (=phassita2, Kern. Toev. s. v. takes it as pp. of *pusayati), 已觸(touched, put on, in phusitaggaa with fastened (clinched) bolts (or better: door-wings)

Phusitaka (< phusita1),【形】下降(having raindrops)S.12.23./II,32.“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, uparipabbate thullaphusitake deve vassante ta udaka yathāninna pavattamāna pabbatakandarapadarasākhā paripūreti. Pabbatakandarapadarasākhāparipūrā kusobbhe paripūrenti.  Kusobbhā paripūrā mahāsobbhe paripūrenti. Mahāsobbhā paripūrā kunnadiyo paripūrenti. Kunnadiyo paripūrā mahānadiyo paripūrenti.  Mahānadiyo paripūrā mahāsamudda paripūrenti. (諸比丘!譬如天降雨於山頂,落大粒時,其水轉向低處、充滿山側之洞穴、罅、隙、壑,充滿山側之洞穴、罅、隙、壑,更充滿小池,充滿小池更充滿大池,    充滿大池更充滿小河,充滿小河更充滿大河,充滿大河,繼而充之於海,大海。)

Phusīyati (phusati 的【被】), 被觸。

Phussa1 (< pu to blossom, nourish, etc. cp. Ved. puya),【陽】報沙月(月份名,大約在十二月至一月之間11161215),鬼宿(二十七星宿之一)

Phussa2 (ger. of phusati1), 接觸(touching, realising)

Phussa3 (grd. formation fr. phusati2; scarcely fr. Sk. puya (to pu nourish, cp. poseti),【形】有斑駁的,華麗彩色的(speckled, gaily-coloured) phussakokila, 斑駁的杜鵑鳥(the spotted cuckoo)phussaka(pussaka), 有斑駁。

Phussaphussaratha,【陽】國家馬車 (它自己到處奔跑,爲了要找一位王座的繼承人)phussarāga,【陽】黃晶(topaz)

Pheggu (cp. Vedic phalgu ),【中】圍繞木髓的木材,無價值的事物(accessory wood, wood surrounding the pith of a tree)

Phea (cp. Vedic phena),【中】泡沫,浮渣,泡(scum, foam, froth)pheapiṇḍa,【陽】一團泡沬。pheuddehaka,【形】嘔吐泡沫。

Pheaka =phea Vism.254; VbhA.237.

Pheila (ariṣṭa 阿唎瑟迦柴),【陽】無患子(soap-berry plantSapindus mukorossii Gaertn.,又稱為黃目子、肥皂果、假龍眼破布子,無患子科,落葉喬木,高二三丈。成樹13月落葉前轉金黃色,甚美觀,適作行道樹、庭園樹、誘鳥樹。種子可代替肥皂洗滌衣物)。《木槵子經》(T17.726.1)中說:「佛告王言︰若欲滅煩惱障報障者。當貫木患子一百八。以常自隨。若行若坐若臥。恒當至心無分散意。稱佛陀達摩僧伽名。乃過一木患子。如是漸次度木患子。若十若二十。若百若千。乃至百千萬。若能滿二十萬遍。身心不亂。無諸諂曲者。捨命得生第三焰天。衣食自然。常安樂行。若復能滿一百萬遍者。當得斷除百八結業。始名背生死流。趣向泥洹。永斷煩惱根。獲無上果。」

Phoa (< sphu, cp. Sk. sphoa)( (v.l. pota & poha),【陽】phoaka,【中】癤子,水泡(swelling, boil, blister)

Phoaka=phoa

Phoṭṭhabba(grd. of phusati),【中】能被觸者,觸覺,接觸,觸(tangible, touch, contact)

Phosita (pp. of phoseti, cp. Sk. pruita),【過】已灑(sprinkled)

Phoseti (Caus. of phusati2, cp. Sk. pruṣāyati=P. phusayati), (to sprinkle (over) Vin.II,205 (inf. phositu)pp. phositacp. pariphoseti

 

B

 

B, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第二十三個輔音字母。發音是帶音的 b,漢語沒有這個輔音,請參考英語或馬來語的發音。

Baka,【陽】鶴(crane),蒼鷺 (heron)

Bajjhati (bandhati 的【被】), 被限制,被逮捕,被捕捉(在陷阱等中)

Battisati(=dvattisati),【陰】三十二。

Badara,【中】棗子(jujube fruit)badaramissa,【形】混合棗子的。

Badarī,【陰】棗樹(多年生小喬木 (jujube treeZiziphus jujuba))

Badalatā,【陰】槃陀羅多(一種有甜味的藤)

Baddha (bandhati 的【過), 已限制,已誘捕,已抓住,已使牢固,已裝配。baddhajalika,【形】合十的。baddharāva,【陽】陷入陷阱的啼叫,被捕捉的嗚咽。baddhavera,【中】(心胸等)狹小的敵意。【形】有如此的敵意。

Badhira,【形】聾的,聾子。andhabadhira﹐無知的聾子。

bandh(bandh)﹐【字根I.】綁(to bind)→Bandhati

Bandha(<bandh, cp. Vedic bandhana),【陽】bandhana,【中】束縛,腳鐐,執著,關押,補綴D.12./ I,224.purāṇa bandhana chinditvā añña nava bandhana karoti﹐切斷舊的繫縛,製造新的繫縛。

Bandhakī(< bandhaka, cp. Epic Sp. bandhukī a low woman=pāṁśukā & svairinī) ,【陰】賤女(an unchaste woman (lit. binder) Vin.IV,224 (pl. bandhakiniyo)

Bandhati (bandh+a), 綁,結合,聯合,繫,關押,捕獲,組成。【過】bandhi。【過baddha。【現bandhanta。【獨】bandhitvā, bandhiya。【不】bandhitu。【義】bandhitabba, bandhanīya

Bandhana(<bandh),【中】捆綁(binding),束縛(bond),結(fetter)bandhanāgāra,【中】監獄。bandhanāgārika,【陽】囚犯,獄卒。

Bandhava,【陽】同族者,親戚關係

Bandhāpeti (bandhati的【使】), 使被限制,使被束縛。【過】bandhāpesi。【過bandhāpita

Bandhu,【陽】同族者,親戚關係。參考 Bandhavabandhujīvaka,【陽】朱槿(China-rose plant亞洲的一種開紅花的扶桑 (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis))bandhumantu,【形】有親戚的,很多族親。

Babbaja,【中】須芒草(Andropogon Muricatus參考 Usīra) 的芬香根。

Babbu, babbuka,【陽】貓。

Barihisa,【中】亞香茅(參考 Kusa)

Bardo﹐【藏】中陰,意思是「介於兩者之間」。

Bala,【中】力量,能力,精力,武力,軍隊。balakoṭṭhaka,【中】要塞,堡壘。balakkara,【陽】暴力,用力。balagga,【陽】集合。balada,【形】出力的,授予權力。baladāna,【中】出力。balappatta,【形】取得政權的,執政的,當權的,變強壯的。balavantu,【形】有力的。balavahana,【中】軍人和兵車。

Balakaya, Balakāya,【陽】軍隊。A.7.63./IV,107.rañño paccantime nagare bahubalakāyo paivasati, seyyathida–hatthārohā assārohā rathikā dhanuggahā celakā calakā piṇḍadāyakā uggā rājaputtā pakkhandino mahānāgā sūrā cammayodhino dāsakaputtā. (王之國境城鎮,許多軍隊居住,這即是:象兵、騎兵、車兵、弓射手、旗手、參謀、糧食部隊、威猛的王子、突擊隊、大龍隊、勇士、胸甲兵、奴僕子。)

Balaṭṭha, balattha,【陽】軍人,軍隊的成員。

Balākā,【陰】褐鶴。

Bali (cp. Vedic bali; regarding etym. Grassmann connects it with bh),【陽】1.供品(religious offering, oblation)2.稅,收入(tax, revenue)3.一位阿修羅的名字(Asura D.II,259.)A.5.41./III,45.(pañcabali五種獻供)Ñātibali, atithibali, pubbapetabali, rājabali, devatābali.(親族獻供、客人獻供、祖先獻供、國王獻供、向天獻供)balikamma, 供奉(offering of food to bhūtas, devas & others)balikatā, 獻供者(one who offers (the five) oblations)balipaiggāhaka,【形】受供收入,值得供養(receiving offerings, worthy of oblations)balipuṭṭha(Sk. balipuṣṭa),【陽】烏鴉(a crow)balisādhaka, 稅務員(tax collector, tax gatherer)baliharaa,【中】稅收(taking oblations A.V,79 (balivanasaṇḍa))balikaraa, 獻供(oblation, offering of food)balikāraka, 獻供(offering oblations J.I,384.)balipīḷita, (crushed with taxes J.V,98.)

Balivadda, balibadda(cp. Sk. balivarda),【陽】(裝備好的耕)(an ox, esp. an ox yoked to the plough or used in ploughing)DhA.I,24 (dhura vahanto balivaddassa, v. l. balibaddassa))

Balika (< bala) ,【形】強壯的(strong; only in der. balikatara (compar.) adv. in a stronger degree, more intensely; & dubbalika weak.)

Balin (< bala),【形】有力的,強壯的(strong)paññābalī, 慧力。

Balya1 (der. fr. bala) ,【中】強壯(belonging to strength)dubalya(=dubballa), 無力(Abl. dubbalyā as adv. groundlessly, without strong evidence)

Balya2(C. bālya) (< bāla, cp. P. & Sk. bālya)愚蠢(foolishness, stupidity)

Baavā (f.) [cp. Vedic vaavā] a mare, only in cpd. °mukha the mare’s mouth, i. e. an entrance to Niraya (cp. Vedic vaavâgni & vaavāmukha) Th.1, 1104 (trsl. “abyss-discharged mouth,” cp. Brethren, p. 418).

Bavhābādha,【形】滿身疾病的。

Bahala,【形】厚的,密集的。bahalatta,【中】厚度。bahalabahala﹐濃濃地。

Bahi,【無】,外部,外面。bahigata,【形】出去的。bahinagara,【中】外部的城市,城外。bahinikkhamana,【中】外出。

Bahiddhā,【無】外面,外部的。

Bahubahu-bavh-bahv-(Vedic bahu, doubtful whether to),【形】很多,多數,充分,豐富的(much, many, large, abundant; plenty; very, greatly) Instr. sg. bahunā; Nom. pl. bahavo & bahū; nt. pl. bahūni; Gen. Dat. bahunna & bahūna, bahunna; Instr. bahūhi; Loc. Bahūsu; nt. Nom. bahu; bahu & bahud (i.e. bahud-eva) ; nt. n. bahu a large quantity (opp. appa); Abl. bahumhā. 【副】很多(so much)compar. bahutara greater, more, in greater number (pl. bahutarā, opp. appakā)。【複】許多人。bahuka,【形】多數。bahukaraṇīya, bahukicca,【形】有很多事要做,忙碌的。bahukāra,【形】很耐用的,非常有用的。bahukkhattu,【副】很多次。bahujana,【陽】衆多的人。bahujāgara,【形】非常覺醒的。bahudhana,【形】有許多財富的。bahuppada,【形】多腳的,給很多的。bahubbīhi,【語】關係複合詞。bahubhaṇḍa,【形】有豐富貨物的。bahubhāṇī,【形】饒舌的,多講話的。bahubhāva,【陽】豐富。bahumata,【形】很受尊敬的,被多數人接受的。bahumāna,【陽】bahumānana,【中】尊敬。bahumānita,【形】非常尊敬的。bahuvacana,【中】複數。bahuvidha,【形】多方面的,各種形式的。bahussuta,【形】非常有學問的。

Bahutta,【中】多種,多數。

Bahudhā,【副】以許多方式(=bahuppakārena)

Bahula,【形】豐富的,時常發生的。bahulatā,【陰】bahulatta,【中】豐富。bahula,【副】大概,時常。bahulīkata,【形】時常練習的。bahulīkaraa, bahulīkamma,【中】bahulīkāra,【陽】繼續練習,熱心訓練。Ps.II,94.Bahulīkarotīti katha bahulīkaroti? Āvajjanto bahulīkaroti, jānanto bahulīkaroti, passanto bahulīkaroti, paccavekkhanto bahulīkaroti, citta adhiṭṭhahanto bahulīkaroti, saddhāya adhimuccanto bahulīkaroti, vīriya paggahanto bahulīkaroti, sati upaṭṭhāpento bahulīkaroti, citta samādahanto bahulīkaroti, paññāya pajānanto bahulīkaroti, abhiññeyya abhijānanto bahulīkaroti, pariññeyya parijānanto bahulīkaroti, pahātabba pajahanto bahulīkaroti, bhāvetabba bhāvento bahulīkaroti, sacchikātabba sacchikaronto bahulīkaroti.(多作(bahulīkaroti)者,如何而多作?正在傾心多作,知多作,見多作,觀察多作,心決定多作,信解多作,提起精進多作,念近住多作,心集中多作,慧知多作,證知應證知多作,遍知應遍知多作,斷應斷多作,多作應多作而多作,現證應現證多作。)

Bahulīkaroti (bahula+ī+kar+o), 認真地著手進行,增加。【過】bahulīkari。【過bahulīkata

Bahuso,【副】大概,時常,重地。

Bahūpakara,【形】非常有幫助的。

Bāṇa,【陽】箭。bāṇadhi,【陽】箭袋。

bādh﹐【字根I.】騷擾(to harass)→Bādhati, 阻礙

Bādhaka,【形】避免的,不斷襲擊的,阻隔的。bādhakatta,【中】妨害的事實。

Bādhati (bādh騷擾+a), 阻礙,阻隔,使痛苦,誘捕。【過】bādhi。【過bādhita。【獨】bādhitva

Bādhana,【中】妨害,痛苦,陷阱,捕捉A.1.14.Appābādhāna yadida Bākulo.(無病者(appābādhāna),是薄俱羅(Bākulo))appābādho appātako, 無病者。

Bādha,【陰】妨害,預防。

Bādhita, (Bādheti的【過) 壓迫,使痛苦,騷擾

Bādheti (bādh騷擾+e), 壓迫,使痛苦,騷擾,誘捕,避免。【過】bādhesi。【現bādhenta。【獨】bādhetvā

Bāttisati【數】三十二bāttisati lakkhaa三十二相。三十二相大人相(dvattisamahāpurisa-lakkhaṇāni;梵dvātriṃśan mahā-purua-lakaṇāni) (D.30.)(1)足安平立相(suppatiṭṭhita-pādatā-lakkhaa su-pratiṣṭhita-pāda),即足下平滿相。平足蹈地,平()舉起,腳掌完全放下觸地。(2)腳掌輪相(pāda-tala-cakka-lakkhaa cakrāṅkita-hasta-pāda-tala),即千輻輪相。兩腳掌生二輪,有千輻(之肉紋相)、有輞、有轂,所有的紋路明顯,分明整然。(3)足踵(圓滿)廣平相(āyatapahi-lakkhaa āyata-pāda-pārṣṇi),足跟廣平相。(4)()指纖長相(dīghaguli-lakkhaa;梵 dīrghāṅguli)手臂美嫩形端正,指頭柔軟又纖長(5)身體直如梵天相(brahmujugatta-lakkhaa jugātratā),有如梵天身直挺,清秀明淨長得帥(6)七隆滿處相(sattussadatā-lakkhaa;梵 saptotsada)即兩手、兩足、兩肩、頸項等七處()皆隆滿。(7)手足柔軟相(mudutalunahatthapāda-lakkhaṇāni;梵 mdu-tarua-hasta-pāda-tala)(8)手足有網縵相(jāla-hattha-pāda-lakkhaṇāni jālāvanaddha-hasta-pāda)手足指間,有縵網。《大本經(T1.5.2)︰「三者、手足網縵,猶如鵝王。」《中阿含59經》《三十二相經(T1.493.2):「8大人手足網縵,猶如鴈(=)王。」(9)足踝高相(ussakhapāda-lakkhaa ucchakha-pāda)兩踝月庸(ussakhapāda),即足趺隆起相,為足背高起圓滿之相。(10)身毛端向上相(uddhagga-lomatā-lakkhaa ūrdhva-garoma)身毛向上生,烏青色(nīlāni añjanavaṇṇāni)、捲曲狀(kuṇḍalāvaṭṭāni)右旋(dakkhiṇāvaṭṭakajātāni)(11)小腿如羚羊相(eijagha-lakkhaa aieya-jagha)。小腿像羚羊腿。小腿,古譯作︰腨(足專ㄕㄨㄢˋ)(12)肌膚軟細相(sukhumacchavilakkhaa;梵 sūkma-suvara-cchavi),即皮膚細軟相,塵垢不沾身。(13)黃金色相(suvaṇṇavaṇṇalakkhaa suvara-vara)有似黃金的皮膚。(14)馬陰藏相(鞘內藏陰相)(kosohita-vatthaguyha-lakkhaa kośopagata-vasti-guhya),指男陰密隱於體內如馬陰之相。《中阿含59經》:「13大人陰馬藏。猶良馬王。」(15)身圍如尼拘律樹相(nigrodha parimaṇḍala-lakkhaa nyagrodha-parimaṇḍala)身圍如尼拘律樹(榕樹科),身形圓好。(16)立正不彎時,雙手掌可觸摸雙膝()(hitakova anonamanto ubhohi pāṇitalehi jaṇṇukāni parimasati parimajjati sthitānavanata-pralamba-bāhutā),即不彎觸膝相(anonama-jaṇṇuparimasana-lakkhaa)(17)上軀如獅子相(sīhapubbaddhakāya-lakkhaa siha-pūrvārdha kāya)即︰上身安住如獅子。《大本經》(T1.5.2)︰「胸膺方整如師子。」▓46世尊身分上半圓滿,如師子王威嚴無對。(18)兩肩間充滿相(citantarasa-lakkhaa citāntarāṁsa)又作腋下平滿相、肩膊圓滿相。(19)兩肩圓度相等相(samavaṭṭa-kkhandha-lakkhaa su-samvrta-skandha) 即兩肩圓滿豐腴之相。《中阿含59經》:「21大人兩肩上連,通頸平滿。」(20)最上之味覺相(rasagga-saggitā-lakkhaa rasa-rasāgratā)脖子之上(舌上),味覺敏銳傳滋味。大本經》(T1.5.2)︰「二十六、咽喉清淨,所食眾味,無不稱適。」(21)眼紺碧青相(abhinīla-netta-lakkhaa abhinīla-netra)目紺青色相,如青蓮華。《大本經》(T1.5a)︰「三十、眼如牛王,眼上下俱眴。」(22)眼睫如牝牛相(go-pakhuma-lakkhaa go-pakmā)又作眼睫如牛王相,指睫毛整齊而不雜亂。▓38世尊眼睫上下齊整稠密不白。(23)頭頂有肉髻相(uhīsasīsa-lakkhaa uṣṇīṣa-śiraskatā)頂上有肉,隆起如髻形之相。《中阿含59經》:「31大人頂有肉髻,團圓相稱,髮螺右旋。」▓66頂相無能見者。1無見頂。--此「無見頂」之說須要保留。(24)一一毛由一一毛孔生()(ekekalomo ca hoti ekaika-roma-pradakiṇāvarta)一孔一毛(ekeka-loma),指一孔各生一毛。《大本經》(T1.5.2)︰「其毛右旋,紺琉璃色。」《中阿含59經》:「11大人一一毛,一一毛者,身一孔一毛生,色若紺青,如螺右旋。」▓64世尊身毛紺青光淨。如孔雀項。紅暉綺飾色類赤銅。31毛處處右旋。(25)眉間生白毫毛()(uṇṇā bhamukhāntare jātā ūrṇā-keśa)。眉間生白毫毛似兜羅綿(odātā mudutūlasannibhā)《大本經》(T1.5a)︰「三十一、眉間白毫柔軟細澤,引長一尋,放則右旋螺如真珠。」(一尋︰一成人的身高)▲70眉間毫相光白鮮潔。「白毫相」長一尋,或一丈五尺(T34.29.1),恐怕是訛傳。(26)四十齒相(cattālīsa-lakkhaa catvāriṃśad-danta)齒有四十顆。(27)齒無縫相(aviraadanta-lakkhaa)無間隙,極堅固。《中阿含59經》:「24齒。」(28)廣長舌相(pahūta-jivha-lakkhaa prabhūta-tanu-jihva) 又作廣長舌相、舌廣博相、舌軟薄相。舌頭可伸展至髮際。《大本經》(T1.5.2)左右舐耳。」(29)梵音之迦陵頻伽聲音()(brahmassaro ca karavīkabhāṇī brahma-svara),梵音(brahmassara),聲如迦陵頻伽鳥(karavīka-bhāṇi)的清脆(《佛說長阿含經》卷第五(T1.35.2-3)︰「一者其音正直。二者其音和雅。三者其音清徹。四者其音深滿。五者周遍遠聞。具此五者。乃名梵音。」(30)獅子頰相(sīhahanulakkhaa siha-hanu)指兩頰隆滿(兩腮圓潤)如獅子頰。▲65頰相平滿。▲66頰無缺減。▲66頰無過惡。(31)齒整齊相 (samadantasudāṭhālakkhaṇāni sama-danta)(32)齒純白相(susukkadāṭhālakkhaṇāni suśukka-danta)

▲=《方廣大莊嚴經》(T3.557.2~3)卷第三

▓=《大般若波羅蜜多經》卷第三八十一 (T6.968.8~9)

=《坐禪三昧經》卷上(T15.276.3)

Bārasa(=dvadasa),【形】十二。

Bārāṇasī( Vārāṇasī Vāraasī, Varāṇasī, Varaasī),【陰】波羅,近世稱貝拿勒斯(Benares),今稱瓦拉那西(Varanasi),取名自「位於瓦魯那河(Varuna)和阿西河(Assi)之間的城市」。中印度古王國,又稱波羅奈斯國、波羅捺國、婆羅斯國、波羅捺寫國,舊稱伽尸國( Kāśi光的城市)相傳是在公元前6000年興建。據《大唐西域記》卷七載,此國都城臨西殑伽河,長十八、九里,廣五、六里。居民殷盛,人性溫恭,多信外道,少敬佛法,僧徒多學小乘正量部法。其大城之東北有婆羅(Varaṇā),河西有阿育王塔,河東北十餘里有彌勒菩薩、護明菩薩之受記舊址,城西北之鹿野苑,即佛陀成道後最初教化五比丘之地,爾後,佛常遊化至此教化眾生,係六大說法處之一。

Bārāṇaseyyaka,【形】貝拿勒斯製造的,來自貝拿勒斯的。

Bāla,【形】年輕的,無知識的,愚蠢的。【陽】孩子,愚人(fool)bālaka,【陽】孩子。bālata,【陰】愚蠢。cf. mūḷha(愚人)Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, bālassa bālalakkhanāni bālanimittāni bālapadānāni.(諸比丘!此三是愚人的愚癡之特徵、愚癡之特相、愚癡之特質。)

Bālā, Bālikā,【陰】女孩。

Bālisika,【陽】漁夫。

Bālya,【中】童年,愚蠢。

Bāvīsati,【陰】二十二。

Bāhā,【陰】手臂(台語:手胳頭chiu2 kok thau5),柱,柄。bāhābala,【中】臂力,即:手工勞動。在印度古老的文獻「吠陀讚歌」的「原人歌」中,最早談到了人類的起源,歌中述說印度的四個種姓階級裡;婆羅門( Brahmana,司祭者)生於原人的嘴、剎帝利(Ksatriya,王族)生於原人的雙臂、吠捨(Vaisya,庶民)生於原人的雙腿,而首陀羅(Sudra,奴隸)則是從原人的雙足出生。

Bāhābalaparicita (bāhā+bala+paricita獲得【過) 【過】以臂力獲得。

Bāhita, (bāheti 的【過)

Bāhira,【形】外部,外部的,外國的。【中】外面。bāhiraka,【形】外道的,局外人。bāhirakapabbajjā,【陰】外道出家人(佛教以外的出家人)

Bāhiratta,【中】外在性。

Bāhu,【陽】手臂。

Bāhujañña,【形】民衆的,衆人的。

Bāhulika,【形】生活得豐富充裕的。

Bāhulla, bāhulya,【中】豐富,豪華的生活。

Bāhusacca,【中】多學,多聞,非常有學問。

Bāheti (vah+e), 防範,防止,除去。【過】bāhesi。【過bāhita。【獨】bāhetvā

Bāḷha,【形】強壯的,很多的,過多的。bāḷha,【副】強烈地,過度地,非常地。

Bidala,【中】分裂的豌豆,劈開的竹子,木板條,條板。

Bindu,【中】點滴,點,瑣事。bindumatta,【形】一滴的分量。bindumatta,【副】只有一滴。

Bimba(cp. Class. Sk. bimba),【中】1.圖像,圖形,(太陽或月亮的)圓平面(shape, image)2.葫蘆科苦瓜屬(the red fruit of Momordica monadelpha, a species of Amaranth [cp. Sk. bimba & bimbī, a kind of gourd])bimboṭṭha(f. bimboṭṭhī) ,【陽】紅唇((having) red lips )

Bimbā,【陰】頻婆(悉達多王子 (Siddhartha) 的妻子的名字)

Bimbika=Bimba 2

Bimbi, Bimbī(=Sk. bimbī),黃金,黃金色(gold, of golden colour DA I.280.)SnA 448.Bimbīti suvaṇṇa, tasmā sārasuvaṇṇasadisavaṇṇatāya Bimbisāro.(‘頻婆,黃金。因為跟黃金一樣的膚色,所以稱為頻婆娑羅)

Bimbohana,【中】枕頭(pillow)

Bila1 (Vedic bila, perhaps fr. bhid to break),【中】獸穴,洞(a hole, den, cave)

Bila2,【中】部分(a part, bit J.VI.153 (bilasata 100 pieces)Abl. bilaso(adv.), 一片一片地(bit by bit)

Bila3(cp. Sk. via),【中】一種鹽(a kind of salt Vin.I,202; M.II,178, 181.)

Bilaga(Sk. viaga the plant Embelia ribes(白花酸藤子,紫金牛科,強壯補血,治胃酸缺乏,食欲不振,鮮酸藤果二至三錢。水煎服), and vilaga the plant Erycibe paniculata(Convolvulaceae旋花科)),【陽】白花酸藤子bilagathālikā,【陰】酸粥鍋刑。劣質白花酸藤子的碎米粥(kaṇājaka bilagadutiyasour gruel酸粥)

Bilaso,【副】一片一片地。

Billa,【陽】孟加拉蘋果、頻婆果(印度的一種有刺的喬木 (marmelos treeAegle marmeloswood apple)

Biḷāra,【陽】貓。biḷārabhastā,【陰】風箱。

Biḷālī,【陰】母貓,一種塊莖植物。

Balisa & Baisa (cp.Sk.baiśa)【陽】【中】鈎、鉤(a fish-hook)

Bīja,【中】種子,種籽,細菌,産生元素。有五種生種子(pañca bījajatani):根種(mūlabījaṁ),莖種(khandhabīja),節種(phalubījaṁ),枝種(aggabījaṁ) ()種子(bījabīja)bījakosa,【陽】花的胚囊,果皮,陰囊。bījagāma,【陽】種子王國。bījajāta,【中】種子的種類。bījabīja,【中】以種子繁殖的植物。

Bībhacca,【形】可怕的,恐怖的。

Bīraa,【中】岩蘭草、須芒草(Andropogon muricatus),味道帶著青苔味,屬于越陳越香的精油。原產地印度稱為「Khas-khas」,所謂「鎮定之油」。但是它不會鎮壓神經系統來達到鎮定效果,相反的,它能讓您心情平和,情緒平穩。另外,岩蘭草也是對付因緊張,情緒失調,壓力造成的失眠有相當的效果。bīraatthambha,【陽】須芒草叢。參考 Usīra,生産芬香的根。

Bujjhati (budh+ya), 知道,懂,感知,醒覺。【過】bujjhi。【過buddha。【現bujjhanta。【獨】bujjhitvā

Bujjhana,【中】覺悟,醒來。bujjhanaka,【形】聰明的,謹慎的。

Bujjhitu,【陽】醒來者,覺悟者。

Buḍḍha,【形】年老的,老的。buḍḍhatara,【形】更老的。

Buddha(< budh),【陽】覺悟者,佛陀,佛(+,不是人,A.4.36./II,38.na…manussocf. 《雜阿含101經》)浮屠(音譯)、浮圖佛馱、浮陀、浮頭、沒馱、步他、馞陀、復豆、浮屠。季羨林在1989年又寫了《再論浮屠與佛》,進一步論證漢文音譯「浮屠」源自大夏語。單..buddhobuddhe;複.buddhābuddhāsebuddho();單..buddhabuddhābuddhe()buddho();複.buddhā;單..buddha;複..buddhebuddhāna();單..buddhenabuddhā()buddhasā();複..buddhehibuddhebhibuddhe();單..buddhābuddhamhābuddhasmābuddhato;複..buddhehibuddhebhibuddhato;單..﹑屬.buddhassabuddhāya()buddhā();複..﹑屬.buddhāna;單..buddhebuddhamhibuddhasmibuddhasi();複..buddhesu。另譯作:佛馱、休屠、浮陀、浮屠、浮圖、浮頭、沒馱、勃陀、馞陀、步他、或一切知者、一切見者、知道者、開道者、說道者,或世尊、世雄(斷世間一切煩惱之雄猛、雄健者)、世眼(世間之引導者)、世英(世間優秀者)、大覺世尊(簡稱大覺尊)、覺王(覺皇)、法王、大導師、大聖人、大沙門、大仙(大仙,仙人中之最尊者)、大醫王(如應病與藥之名醫,應心病而說法者)、佛日(喻佛爲太陽)、兩足尊、二足尊、天中天(諸天中之最勝者)、人中牛王(喻佛爲牛王)、人雄師子(人中之雄者,如獸王獅子)等種種異名。Abhidhānappadīpikā(語言光明)收錄︰(1)Buddho(佛陀) Dasabalo(十力) Satthā(()), Sabbaññū(一切智) Dvipaduttamo(兩足尊); Munindo(牟尼王) Bhagavā(兩足尊) Nātho(救護者), Cakkhuma’gīraso muni(具眼輝煌者;agīrasa, 輝煌者)(2)Lokanātho’nadhivaro(世間救護者、優勝者), Mahesi(=mahā isi大仙) ca Vināyako(領袖); Samantacakkhu(具眼者) Sugato(善逝), Bhūripañño(廣智者) ca Māraji(勝魔者)(3)Narasīho(人獅子) Naravaro(人優者), Dhammarājā(法王) mahāmuni(大牟尼); Devadevo(天中天) Lokagaru(世間導師), Dhammassāmī(法主) Tathāgato(如來)(4)Sayambhū(造物主) Sammāsambuddho(正等正覺者), varapañño(優慧者) ca Nāyako(導師); Jino(勝者), Sakko(釋迦) tu然後 Siddhattho(悉達多), Suddhodani(淨飯王王子) ca Gotamo(喬答摩)(5)Sakyasīho(釋迦獅) tathā Sakya, muni(釋迦牟尼) cādiccabandhu(太陽種族牟尼) ca。另有︰Agīraso(鴦耆羅成就以前尚未成就的)sabbabhūtānukampako(一切生物的慈憫者)Sabbasattuttamo(一切有情的最尊者)(以上見︰Vin.Pari.V,86.)

purisājañña(purisa+jañña純種的), 尊貴的人(thoroughbred man. S.22.79./III,91.)purisuttama, 最上人(S.22.79./III,91.)Varo(優者) Varaññū(知優者,指知涅槃者)Varado(優者)Varāharo(優者,指已帶來優良之道)(Sn.2-1/p.41cf. KhA.193.)

A.4.15./II,17.“Uddha tiriya apācīna, yāvatā jagato gati; Sadevakassa lokassa, Buddho aggo pavuccatī”ti.(上方中下方,至窮盡世界,天與人世間,佛被稱最上。)

Buddhakāraka-dhamma,【陽】成佛之法。Buddhakāla,【陽】佛住世時。Buddhakolāhala,【陽】佛陀出生的喧嘩。Buddhakkhetta(Buddha-ketra),【中】佛剎(一佛所教化之範圍),又作佛土、佛國。Buddhagua,【陽】佛陀的德行。Buddhakura,【陽】未來佛。Buddhacakkhu,【中】佛眼。Buddhaa,【中】佛智。Buddhantara,【中】佛與佛之間的間隔時期。Buddhaputta,【陽】佛陀的弟子。Buddhabala,【中】佛力。Buddhabhāva,【陽】成爲佛陀的狀態。Buddhabhūmi,【陰】成爲佛陀的狀態之地。Buddhamāmaka,【形】執著佛陀,獻身佛陀。Buddharasmi, Buddharasi,【陰】佛光。Buddhalīḷhā,【陰】佛陀的優雅。Buddhavacana,【中】佛陀的言教。Buddhavisaya,【陽】佛陀的範圍。Buddhaveneyya,【形】被佛陀改變信仰的。Buddhasāsana,【中】佛教。Buddhanubhāva,【陽】佛陀的宏偉力量。Buddhanussati,【陰】佛隨念(recollection of  Buddha)Buddhārammaa, Buddhālambana,【形】以佛爲緣的。buddhupaṭṭhāka,【形】服侍佛陀的。Buddhuppāda,【陽】佛陀出世。在《佛種姓經》記載過去二十五佛:1.Dīpakarabuddha(燃燈佛)(四阿僧祇劫十萬大劫前)2.Koṇḍaññabuddha(喬陳如佛)(無量劫前)3.Magalabuddha(吉祥佛)(無量劫前)4.Sumanabuddha(善心佛)(無量劫前)5.Revatabuddha(離瓦多佛)(無量劫前)6.Sobhitabuddha(須毘陀佛)(無量劫前)7.Anomadassībuddha(完美見)(無量劫前)8.Padumabuddha(蓮華佛)(無量劫前)9.Nāradabuddha(那羅陀佛)(無量劫前)10.Padumuttarabuddha (最上蓮華佛)(十萬劫前)11.Sumedhabuddha(善慧佛)(八萬劫前)12.Sujātabuddha(善生佛)(三千劫前)13.Piyadassībuddha(毘耶達西佛)(一千八百劫前)14.Atthadassībuddha(見義佛)(一千八百劫前)15.Dhammadassībuddha(見法佛)(一千八百劫前)16.Siddhatthabuddha(悉達多佛)(九十四劫前)17.Tissabuddha(提沙佛)(九十二劫前)18.Phussabuddha(普沙佛)(九十二劫前)19.Vipassībuddha( Vipāsyi毘婆尸佛)(莊嚴劫,九十一劫前)20.Sikhībuddha(Śikhī尸棄佛)(莊嚴劫,三十一劫前)21.Vessabhūbuddha(Viśvabhū毘舍浮佛)(莊嚴劫,三十一劫前)22.Kakusandhabuddha(Krakucchanda拘留孫佛)(這個賢劫)23.Koṇāgamanabuddha(Kanakamuni拘那含佛)(這個賢劫)24.Kassapabuddha(Kāyśāpa迦葉佛)(這個賢劫)25.Gotamabuddha(喬達摩佛)( Śakyamuni﹐巴Sakyamuni這個賢劫)傳說彌勒佛將出世於人壽八萬歲時出世。(19.~25.為過去共有七佛)

Buddhaghosa(Buddhaghoa),【陽】佛音,覺音(4世紀末~5世紀,皈依佛教後改名「佛音」(Mahāvasa (CS:p.243)#224.猶如佛陀甚深的聲音一樣優美,因其音聲而稱為「佛音」)。約在公元 4世紀末出生於北天竺菩提伽耶附近的一個婆羅門種姓家庭。據《小史》載﹐他曾受過良好的婆羅門傳統教育﹐精通三吠陀和其他典籍﹐有辯才。遊學印度時﹐遇一佛教長老梨婆多﹐後者在辯論中折服他﹐遂改信佛教。在梨婆多的指導下﹐修習經論﹐日益精進﹐並寫出了《發智論》和《殊勝義論》。梨婆多發現他有志於從事佛教教理的著述﹐派他前往當時保存原始佛教資料較多的錫蘭(今斯里蘭卡)。他約於 422年到達錫蘭﹐住進了大寺的大精進堂﹐在僧護長老的指導下﹐研讀僧伽羅文疏釋和上座部佛教教義。經過一段時間的學習﹐寫出了闡述佛教主要教理的綱要作品──《清淨道論》。研究上座部佛教思想和教理的重要論書,被譽為三藏典籍和義疏的精要。(http://db2.library.ntpu.edu.tw/cpedia/Content.asp?ID=56403)

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhaghosa)

Pali
Tipitaka

Buddhaghosa's
Commentary

from the
Vinaya Pitaka

Vinaya (general)

Samantapasadika

Patimokkha

Kankhavitarani

from the
Sutta Pitaka

Digha Nikaya

Sumangalavilasini

Majjhima Nikaya

Papañcasudani

Samyutta Nikaya

Saratthappakasini

Anguttara Nikaya

Manorathapurani

from the
Khuddaka
Nikaya

Khuddakapatha

Paramatthajotika (I)

Dhammapada

Dhammapada-atthakatha

Sutta Nipata

Paramatthajotika (II),
Suttanipata-atthakatha

Jataka

Jatakatthavannana,
Jataka-atthakatha

from the
Abhidhamma
Pitaka

Dhammasangani

Atthasalini

Vibhanga

Sammohavinodani

Dhatukatha

Pañcappakaranatthakatha

Puggalapaññatti

Kathavatthu

Yamaka

Patthana

Buddhadāṭhā, 【陰】佛牙(D.16./II,167.)。《根本說一切有部毘奈耶雜事》卷第三十九(T24.402.2)︰「佛有四牙舍利。一在天帝釋處。一在健陀羅國。一在羯陵伽國。一在阿羅摩邑海龍王宮。各起塔供養。」

Buddhatta,【中】佛陀的境界。

Buddhavasa佛種姓()Buddhatta patthentassa「成佛」(遇佛授記的條件)“Manussatta ligasampatti, hetu satthāradassana pabbajjā guasampatti adhikāro ca chandatā.”1.Manussattabhāvasmiyeva 必須是「人類」。2.Purisalige hitasseva 男性特徵。3.Arahattappattiyā hetusampannasseva 此生具有證得羅漢的潛力。4.Vīvamānabuddhasseva santike patthentasseva 曾生在佛活著時。5.Pabbajjālige hitasseva 出家。6.Pañcābhiññaṭṭhasamāpattilābhinoyeva成就五神通和八禪定(除漏盡通外)7.āttano jīvita buddhāna pariccata hoti tasseva iminā adhikārena adhikārasampannassa.捨命的力量整個生命奉獻給諸佛。8.Buddhakārakadhammāna atthāya mahanto chando ca ussāho ca tasseva patthanā samijjhati. 強烈意欲修十波羅蜜。āṭṭhadhammasamodhānā, abhinīhāro samijjhati.發顯成佛的志向集合八個基本條件完全具備。(Buddhavasa-aṭṭhakathā佛種性注釋) (CS:p.115)

Buddhavisaya,【陽】佛境界。A.4.77./II,80.“Buddhāna, bhikkhave, Buddhavisayo acinteyyo, na cintetabbo; ya cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assa. Jhāyissa, bhikkhave, jhānavisayo acinteyyo, na cintetabbo; ya cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assa. Kammavipāko, bhikkhave, acinteyyo, na cintetabbo; ya cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assa. Lokacintā, bhikkhave, acinteyyā, na cintetabbā; ya cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assa. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri acinteyyāni, na cintetabbāni; yāni cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assā”ti.諸比丘!諸佛的佛境界(Buddhavisayo)不能被思(acinteyyo),不應被思(na cintetabbo);若思者,會帶點狂亂與錯亂。諸比丘!禪那者的禪那境界,不能被思,不應被思;若思者,會帶點狂亂與錯亂。諸比丘!業報不能被思,不應被思;若思者,會帶點狂亂與錯亂。諸比丘!思世間(世界的成敗等)不能被思,不應被思;若思者,會帶點狂亂與錯亂。」

Buddhānussati, 【陰】佛隨念。憶念佛陀的九個名號,Iti’pi so Bhagavā 1Araha2Sammāsambuddho 3Vijjācaraasampanno 4Sugato 5Lokavidū 6Anuttaro purisadamma-sārathī 7Satthā Devamanussāna 8Buddho 9Bhagavā’ti.(如此,他成為世尊是:1阿羅漢、2正等正覺者、3明行足、4善逝、5世間解、6無上士調禦丈夫、7天人師、8佛、9世尊)

Buddhavacana,【中】佛陀的言教。《法句經注》(DhA.)說是佛陀最初(成道)時所說的話(pahamabuddhavacana)Anekajātisasāra sandhāvissa anibbisa, gahakāraka gavesanto, dukkhā jāti punappuna. Gahakāraka diṭṭho si, puna geha na kāhasi; sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā, gahakūṭa visakhita; visakhāragata citta, tahāna khayam ajjhagā.(我經多生的輪迴流轉,尋求造屋者而未發現,一再的生是痛苦的。造屋者!你已見被發現,你不再造屋。你的一切肋已被()破壞,(你的)屋頂已被()破壞;已去到無為心,獲得諸渴愛的滅盡。)(《法句經》Dhp.vv.153.~154.)「屋頂已被破壞」:DhA.作:椽桷ㄔㄨㄢˊㄐㄩㄝˊ(kaṇṇika-maṇḍala支撐屋頂的木條)已被我破壞。佛陀的最後遺教(pacchimabuddhavacanaṁ)‘Yo vo, Ānanda, mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito paññatto so vo mamaccayena satthā’ti(阿難!若我消逝後,以我為你們所說的法與律為師。)(D.16./II,154.CS:p.2.126-7)

Buddhi,【陰】智慧,智力。buddhimantu, buddhisampanna,【形】明智的,聰明的。

budh(budh)﹐【字根I.】了解(to understand)

budh(budh)﹐【字根III.】了解(to understand)

Budha,【陽】明智的人,水星(Mercury辰星、部陀)

Budhavāro﹐【陽】星期三(日語:水曜日)

Bubbula, bubbulaka,【中】泡沬。

Bubhukkhati (bhuj+kha, bhu 重疊,首 bh 改爲 b, j 改成 k), 想吃。【過】bubhukhi。【過bubhukhita

Beluva,【陽】孟加拉蘋果樹((= Bengal quince, golden appleBel(女子名)Arabel(la), Isabel(la)的暱稱)。參考 Billa)beluvapakka,【中】成熟的孟加拉蘋果。beluvalaṭṭhi,【陰】小的孟加拉蘋果樹。beluvasalāṭuka,【中】未成熟的孟加拉蘋果。beluva-paṇḍuvīṇā,黃色的橡木琴;古譯:琉璃琴、瑠璃寶裝箜篌。

Bojjhaga (bodhyaga),【陽】菩提分(覺悟的成份)覺支(資益覺悟,為菩提分Ps.II,115.Bodhāya savattantīti bojjhagā.))cf. sabodhyaga((完全)覺支)

Bodha,【陽】bodhana,【中】覺悟,知識。bodhanīya, bodhaneyya,【形】有能力覺悟的。

Bodhi(<budh, 參見[bujjhati],【陰】菩提,覺悟,至高知識,菩提樹。【陽】 菩提樹,覺。bodhiagaa,【中】種有菩提樹的庭院。bodhipakkhika, bodhipakkhiya,【形】菩提分(道品,覺悟的成分)bodhipādapa, bodhirukkha,【陽】菩提樹(參考 Assattha)bodhipūjā,【陰】bodhimaha,【陽】對菩提樹的供奉。bodhimaṇḍa,【陽】菩提場,佛陀覺悟時坐在菩提樹下的地方。bodhimūla,【中】菩提樹根(樹下)bodhisatta,菩薩(“the great being”發願成佛的人,屬於凡夫),在他證悟之前已經於四大阿僧祇劫十萬大劫中修習菩薩行;證悟之後則成為佛陀。(Bodhisatta梵文Bodhisattva。巴利文satta(已執著的),轉成梵文應作sakta(繫者﹑愛著),不是 sattva)

Bodhicitta, 【梵】【中】菩提心。這是大乘的重要觀念。佛告(勝光王)大王,佛有五事必定須作︰「一者未曾發心有情,令彼發起無上大菩提心。」(《根本說一切有部毘奈耶雜事》卷第二十六T24.329.3cf. T24.76.3)但是在巴利三藏中,沒有此說。

Bodheti (budh+e), 醒來,覺悟。【過】bodhesi。【過bodhita。【現bodhenta。【獨】bodhetvā

Bodhetu,【陽】醒來者,覺悟者。

Bondi,【陽】身體。

Bya-= vya-(母音之前的vi- → vybyviyveyy)=vi-viyaveyya-

Byaggha(=vyaggha, veyaggha),【陽】老虎。byagghacamma﹐老虎皮。

Byañjana,【中】音節,輔音,告示,標誌,咖哩飯菜。sūpabyañjana, 【中】菜肴,咖哩飯菜。

Byantīkaroti, vyantīkaroti, 廢止,除去,免除。【過】byantīkari。【過byantīkata。【獨】byantīkaritvā, byantīkatvā

Byappanā(=vyappanā<vi+appanā)﹐入定。

ByasanaVyasana﹐【中】不幸,毀滅,破壞。

Byādhayissasivyādheti的【未.2.單】

Byāpajjha (<vy-ā-pad)( =byāpajja)1.麻煩( trouble)2.惡意(malevolence)。【反】abyāpajjhaabyāpajjā﹐無惡意。

Byāpāda(=vyāpāda<vi(強調)+ā+pad去﹑走),【陽】瞋(直譯:拂逆﹑逆向行)Byāpajjati citta etenāti byāpādo, doso.(A-ṭīkā CS:p.2.199)

ByāpannaVyāpanna, (<vyāpajjati),【形】惡意的(malevolent)斷瞋(逆向行)的六種方法:1.修慈心(mettānimittassa uggaho)2.慈心禪(mettābhāvanānuyogo)3.省察自業之智(kammassakatāpaccavekkhaṇā)4.多辨別(善惡)(paisakhānabahutā)5.親近善友(kalyāṇamittatā)6.適當的談話(sappāyakathā)

Byāma, Vyāma,【陽】一尋(身高的長度)M.91./II,137.yāvatakvassa kāyo tāvatakvassa byāmo, yāvatakvassa byāmo tāvatakvassa kāyo.(身長為一尋(兩手擴展之長),一尋為身長)byāmapabhā,【陰】佛陀的光環(身光一尋)

Byāsatta (pp. of vy+ā+sañj, cp.āsatta1) 執著(clinging or attached to)byāsattamānasa﹐已執著的心(possessed with longing)

Byūha(cp. Sk. & P. vyūha fr. vi+vah),【陽】1.軍隊的排列,群衆。2.聚集(a heap, collection)3.死巷死路( a (blind) alley, cul-de-sac)senābyūha,【陽】佈署。

brah (bh)﹐【字根I.】生長(to grow),發展、培育(develop)

Brahanta,【形】巨大的,高高的,巨人般的,極廣大的。(在【合】中的詞形 brahā, 相似於 mahanta mahā)

Brahma (<brah(bh)生長),【陽】梵,梵天。Brahmakāyika,【形】梵衆,梵天王的伴侶)brahmaghosa,【形】梵音。brahmacariyā(brahmacāryā),【陰】梵行,完成純潔。brahmacārī, 過梵行的生活。brahmajacca,【形】婆羅門(印度的世襲)階級。brahmañña,【中】brahmaññatā,【陰】婆羅門團體,純粹的生活。brahmadaṇḍa,【陽】默擯(以冷落爲處罰)。【形】brahmadeyya,【中】淨施,忠誠的施與。brahmappatta,【形】到達最高的境界。brahmabandhu,【陽】梵天王的親戚,即:婆羅門。brahmabhūta,【形】最優良的。brahmaloka,【陽】梵的世界。brahmavimāna,【中】梵宮。brahmavihāra,【陽】梵居,梵住,即:慈(mettāloving kindness)(karuṇācompassion)muditā(altruistic joy)(upekkhāequanimity)的總稱。brahmasahabyatāya(brahmāna sahabyatāya)﹐與梵天合一。eso hi bhikkhu brahmā mahā-brahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sañjitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyāna.(比丘!他是梵天、大梵天、征服者、非被征服者、一切見者、權威者、主自在者、造作者、化作者、最尊最勝者、主宰者、有力者、為既生、當生一切之父。) iminā maya bhotā Brahmunā nimmitā(我們是由此可尊敬的梵天所化生的)brahma-vaṇṇī brahma- vaccasī(具有像梵天一般的美貌及光輝)

Brahmacariyā(brahmacāryā),【陰】梵行,完成純潔。upaḍḍhamida brahmacariyassa,半梵行(Spkkalyāṇamittatāya pana upaḍḍhaguo labbhatīti.善友誼可以得到一半的(梵行)功德)KhA.151.Brahma cariya, brahmāna vā cariya brahmacariya, seṭṭhacariyanti vutta hoti.(梵的行為,諸梵天的行為,稱為梵行,優良的行為之稱。)離淫慾,或離貪..癡的行為。KhA.152.Brahmacariyanāma methunaviratisamaadhammasāsanamaggānamadhivacana.(梵行(brahmacariya)沒有(男女)淫欲(methunavirati),及具足沙門法)KhA.34.Abrahmacariyā veramaiyā vigatapaccatthikatā sabbajanapiyatā annapānavatthasayanādīna lābhitā sukhasayanatā sukhappaibujjhanatā apāyabhayavinimuttatā itthibhāvappailābhassa vā napusakabhāvappailābhassa vā abhabbatā akkodhanatā paccakkhakāritā apatitakkhandhatā anadhomukhatā itthipurisāna aññamaññapiyatā paripuṇṇindriyatā paripuṇṇalakkhaatā nirāsakatā appossukkatā sukhavihāritā akutobhayatā piyavippayogābhāvatāti evamādīni.(離非梵行:沒有仇敵,一切人所喜愛,獲得食物、飲料、衣服、住處,躺臥快樂,醒覺快樂,解脫苦界的怖畏,不會生為女性或不能男,不忿怒、不掩飾、不驚慌、臉不下向(丟臉),女人男人互相喜愛,諸根圓滿,特相圓滿,無疑惑、生活悠閒、樂住,無怖畏處,無離別喜愛,如此等())

Brahmacariyogadha (brahma+cariya+ogadha (<gāh))﹐【形】沉浸於梵行(=涅槃)

Brāhmaa1 (<brah(bh)fr. brahma; cp. Vedic brāhmaṇa, der. fr. brahmān),【陽】1.男婆羅門(梵志,印度的世襲階級的,印度四姓中最上位之階級以習吠陀、司祭祀為業為古印度一切知識、祭祀之壟斷者。在佛教術語中,有時表達阿羅漢境界arahan)pl. brāhmaṇāsebrāhmaakaññā,【陰】未婚的婆羅門少女。brāhmaavācanaka,【中】婆羅門誦吠陀經(a br. disputation, some sort of elocution show)brāhmaavāṭaka(=brāhmaavādaka),【陽】婆羅門集會處(circle of brahmins DhA.IV,177)brāhmaṇā va Brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā, brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā.(婆羅門正是梵天之子,從(梵天)自己之口生,是梵天所生,梵天所化,梵天之嗣續者。Brāhmaibbhā, 婆羅門與吠舍(Brahmins & Vaiśyas J.VI,228 sq.)brāhmaakumārikā, 年輕的婆羅門女(a brahmin young girl J.III,93.)brāhmaakula, 婆羅門家族(a Brahmin clan or family)brāhmaagāma, 婆羅門村(a Brahmin village)brāhmaadhamma, 婆羅門責任(duty of a Brahmin; see on contrast between Brahmaṇic & Buddhist view J.IV,301 sq.)brāhmaaputta, 婆羅門子。Brāhmaabhojana, 給婆羅門食物(giving food (alms) to brahmans Vin.I,44.)brāhmaamāṇava, 年輕的婆羅門(a young brahmin J.IV,391.)brāhmaarūpa, 婆羅門的容貌( (in) form of a Brahmin PvA.63. )brāhmaavaḍḍhakī, 婆羅門木匠(a Brahmin carpenter J.IV,207.)brāhmaavaṇṇin, 婆羅門的外表(having the appearance of a brahmin Cp. X.10.)brāhmaavāṇija, 婆羅門商人(a br. merchant PvA.113. )cattāri brāhmaasaccāni, 婆羅門四真諦(a brahmanic (i. e. standard, holy) truth, A.4.185./II,176.(1)一切有情不可殺(‘sabbe pāṇā avajjhā’ti)(2)一切欲(kāmā)是無常,(3)一切有(bhavā)是無常,(4)我非何處、任何者、如何者(‘nāha kvacani kassaci kiñcanatasmi na ca mama kvacani katthaci kiñcanatatthī’ti.))

Brāhmaṇa2 (for brahmañña), 真梵最重崇高的境界(state of a true brahman, “holiness supreme” Th.1, 631.)

Brūmeti (possible Caus. fr. brūti), (to sayD.I,95 (expld as “brūmetū ti vadatu” DA.I,265.)).

Brāhmaṇī,【陰】1.女婆羅門(the wife of a brāhmaṇa)2.典尊(of a purohita or high priest)

Brūti (brū+aSk. bravīti<brū, Med. Brūte), 說,談話(to say, tell, call; show, explain)。【過】abravi。【現bruvanta。【獨】bruvitvā

Brūhana (< brūheti),【中】發展,增加(expansion, increasing, spreading; cultivation, development)Cp. upabrūhana.

Brūhetar (n. ag. of brūheti),【陽】增加的人(increaser; one who practises, is devoted to; in phrase ‘brūhetā suññāgārānaṁ’ frequenter of solitary places; given up to solitary meditation M.I,33, 213.)

Brūheti (bruh+ecp. Sk. bṛṁhayati; fr. brh2 to increase), 增加,發展(to cause to grow, increase; hence: to promote, develop, practise, to put or devote oneself to; to look after, to foster, make enjoy)。【過】brūhesi。【過brūhita。【現brūhenta。【獨】brūhetvāCp. anubrūheti, paribrūheti.

 

Bh

 

Bh, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第二十四個輔音字母。發音是送氣帶音的 b,漢語沒有這個輔音,請參考英語或馬來語的發音。

bhakkh﹐【字根VII.】狼吞虎嚥地吃、吞食(to devour)

Bhakkha,【形】適合被吃的,可以吃的。【中】食物,掠食。(在【合】中), 爲食。

Bhakkhaka,【陽】吃的人。

Bhakkhati (bhakkh+a), 吃,食。【過】bhakkhi。【過bhakkhita。【不】bhakkhitu

Bhakkhana,【中】吃。

Bhakkheti (bhakkh狼吞虎嚥地吃+e), 吃,食。參考 Bhakkhati

Bhaga(<bhaj(bhaj)分開),【中】幸福,運氣,財富,女人性器官。bhagandalā 【陰】〔醫〕瘻,瘻管。bhagavantu,【形】幸運的。

Bhagavant(bhaga幸福的+vant具有),【陽】具有幸福的人(佛陀,古譯:眾祐),音譯︰音譯︰薄伽梵、婆伽婆、婆加伴Bhagavā jāna jānāti passa passati cakkhubhūto ñāṇabhūto dhammabhūto brahmabhūto vattā pavattā atthassa ninnetā amatassa dātā dhammasāmī Tathāgato(世尊是知所應知者,見所應見者,具眼者,具智者,具法者,具梵者,說者,宣說者,義之指導者,與不死者,法主,如來。) Nd1.142, 466.Sp.pārā.I,123.Vism.210.1Bhāgyavā 2bhaggavā yutto, 3bhagehi ca 4vibhattavā; 5bhattavā 6vantagamano bhavesu Bhagavā tato”ti.(1.祥瑞(具有生起世間出世間之樂而得達彼岸的施戒等的吉祥之德)2.破壞(貪瞋痴、一切惡法)3.吉祥相應(成就百福特相的色身)4.以分別(諸法)5.親近(天住、梵住、聖住,身、心與執著的遠離,空、無願、無相三解脫,及其他一切世間出世間的上人法)6.以已除去諸有(bhavesu vantagamano’ti)故為世尊) Nd1.144Sp.pārā.I,125.Vism.212.bhavesu vantagamanoti vattabbe bhavasaddato bhakāra, gamanasaddato gakāra, vantasaddato vakārañca dīgha katvā ādāya Bhagavāti vuccati.(有中捨離旅行者」(bhavesuvantagamana),但現在取有(bhava)的婆(bha)字,取旅行(gamana)的伽(ga)字,取捨離(vanta)的梵(va)字,再將阿(a)變成長音的阿(ā),故稱「世尊」(Bhagavā)。)

Bhaginī 【陰】姊妹。【反】bhātar,兄弟(但不用於稱呼,稱呼用āvuso(朋友,大德),複數āvusā)。【主格】bhagini, bhaginī

Bhagga (bhañjati 的【過), 已打破。bhaggava(bhaggavā), 破壞(貪瞋痴、一切惡法)(cf. Vism.212.)

Bhaga,【陽】瓦解,分解,解散。【中】麻布料。bhagakkhaa,【陽】分解的片刻。bhagānupassanā,【陰】對破壞的洞察(壞滅隨觀)

Bhacca,【陽】僕人,侍從。【形】被滋養的,被培養的。

bhaj(bhaj)﹐【字根VII.1.分開( to divide)。訴諸(to resort to)

Bhajati (bhaj+a), 結交,陪伴。【過】bhaji。【過bhajita。【現bhajamāna。【獨】bhajitvā。【義】bhajitabba

Bhajana,【中】協會,聯合,結交。bhajana-loka(bhājana-loka)﹐器世間。

Bhajanā(fer. Bhaj),【陰】結交(resorting to, familiarity with)

Bhajjati (bhaj +a), 烤,炒。【過】bhajji。【過bhajjita。【現bhajjamāna。【獨】bhajitvā。【被】bhajjīyati

bhañ﹐【字根I.】聯合(to associate)

bhañj﹐【字根I.】崩潰、故障(to break down)

Bhañjaka,【形】打破者,破壞者。

Bhañjati (bhañj崩潰+a), 打破,破壞。【過】bhāñji。【過bhagga, bhañjita。【現bhañjanta, bhañjamāna。【獨】bhañjitvā

Bhañjana,【中】破壞,毀滅。bhañjanaka,【形】打破的,破壞的。

Bhaññam=bhuñjaṁ

Bhaññamāne(ppr. of bhaññati<pass. of bhaati<bha), 正被說()

Bhaa,【陽】軍人,警察,雇工。bhaasenā, 步兵。lambacūlake bhae﹐垂髻之傭人。

Bhaṭṭha, (bhajjati的【過), 已烤,已跌倒,已降低。

bha(bha)﹐【字根I.】告訴(to tell)

Bhaati (bha告訴+a), 說,訴說,告訴,傳道。【過】bhai。【過bhaita。【現bhaanta。【義】bhaitabba。【獨】bhaitvā, bhaamāna。【不】bhaitu

Bhaita,【中】說話。

Bhae,【無】對下屬的稱呼。

bhaṇḍ﹐【字根I.】吵架(to quarrel)

Bhaṇḍa, bhaṇḍaka,【中】貨物,製品,工具,文章。bhaṇḍāgāra,【中】倉庫,國庫。bhaḍāgārika,【陽】守庫者,司庫。

Bhaṇḍati (bhaṇḍ吵架+a), bhaṇḍeti (bhaṇḍ吵架+e), 吵架。【過】bhaṇḍi, bhaṇḍesi。【獨】bhaṇḍetvā

Bhaṇḍana,【中】吵架,爭論。

Bhaṇḍikā,【陰】捆,包裹,瓣。

Bhaṇḍu,【陽】剃光頭的人。bhaṇḍukamma,【中】剃頭髮。

Bhata (bharati維持的【過), 已培養,已維護,已養育。【陽】僕人。

Bhataka,【陽】被雇用的僕人。

Bhati,【陰】薪水,費用。

Bhatta (bhakta),中】飯,食物,餐。bhattakicca,【中】用餐。bhattakāraka,【陽】廚子。bhattakilamatha, bhattasammada,【陽】後的睡意。bhattagāma,【陽】給貢物或服務的村莊。bhattagga,【中】齋堂,餐廳。bhattapua,【中】食物的包裹。bhattavissagga,【陽】服侍他人用餐。bhattavetana,【中】食物和費用。bhattavelā,【陰】用餐時間。

Bhatti(cp. Vedic & Class. Sk. bhakti, fr. bhaj: see bhajati),【陰】1.熱愛,信念,執著(devotion, attachment, fondness)2.服務(in bhatti-kata Th 2, 413 it means “service,” thus “doing service” (or “rendered a servant”?))3.of uncertain meaning in bhatti-kamma, probably “making lines, decoration, ornamentation” Vin II.113 (°kamma-kata decorated), I.51. The reading is uncertain, may be bhati° (? Kern, Toev. s. v. trsls “patchwork”?).J V.340 (=sineha C.)dṛḍhabhaktitā()﹐堅固的誠信。

Bhattika(<bhatta),【形】供給食物(in dhuvabhattika being in constant supply of food, being a regular attendant (servant) or adviser)

Bhattimantu(from bhatti) ,【形】1.信任的(devoted?)2.分析的(discerning, analytical, perspicacious? Th 1, 370)

Bhattu,【陽】丈夫,支援者,培養者。

Bhadanta, bhaddanta(a secondary adj. formation from address bhaddaṁ (=bhadraṁ) te “hail to thee,” cp. “bhaddaṁ vo” under bhadda),【形】德高望重的可尊敬的(venerable, reverend)。【陽】祥善者,德高望重。bhadante﹐【陽..呼】祥善者bhadantā﹐【陽..呼】。

Bhadda, Bhadra, (cp. Vedic bhadra),【形】威嚴的,吉兆的,幸運的,善的。bhaddaka,【中】幸運的事,好事物。【形】好特質的,幸運的。Bhaddakaccanā,【陰】跋陀迦旃延(羅睺羅 (Rāhula) 的母親耶輸陀羅 (Yasodharā) 的另外一個名字)bhadda-kappa﹐【陽】賢劫,又作善劫,現在的劫。bhaddakumbha,【陽】滿的大水罐(被認爲是吉兆的)bhaddaghaa,【陽】抽籤桶。bhaddadāru,【陽】喜馬拉雅杉( Devadāru)bhaddapadā,【陰】二十七星宿之二(室宿 (Pubbabhaddapadā),壁宿 (Uttarabhaddapadā))bhaddapīṭha,【中】藤椅。bhaddamukha,【形】有英俊的臉的,補充的致辭(即:致辭時開端的稱呼)bhaddamuttaka(cp. Sk. bhadramusta), 香附子、土香bhaddayuga,【中】最好的一雙。

Bhadra, =Bhadda

Bhaddakabhadraka, (<bhadda) 1.好的、賢善的(good, of good quality ;opp. pāpaka)2.榮譽的(honoured, of high repute(=sambhāvita ))3.【陽】【中】好東西(a good thing),吉祥物(lucky or auspicious possession)bhaddekaratta,賢善一夜( (日日)夜夜全然賢善生活之人),音譯:跋地羅帝。

  M.131./III,189.Bhaddekarattasutta(一夜賢者經)

“Atīta nānvāgameyya(na+ an+āgameyya應回),      nappaikakhe(na+paikakhe渴望) anāgata;

勿追想過去,勿向望未來

Yadatītapahīna ta, appattañca anāgata(a+patta<pp. of pāpuṇāti到達).

過去已了斷,未來還未來

“Paccuppannañca yodhamma, tattha tattha vipassati(vi+passati<paś);

當下任何法,彼彼應作觀

Asahīra(a+sa+hīra碎片) asakuppa(a+sa+kuppa動搖),

ta vidvā(=viddasu智者) m’anubrūhaye(me+opt. of anubrūheti, 使隨增益).

不動搖,知者隨增益

 “Ajjeva kiccamātappa(kicca應作+m+ātappa熱心), ko jaññā maraa suve;

今日應熱心,誰知明日死?

Na hi no sagara ((<sa+gā 唱﹑聲明)承諾) tena, mahāsenena maccunā.

與死亡大軍,可無有承諾

 “Eva  vihāri  ātāpi, ahorattamatandita;

熱心如是住,日夜不倦怠(aho+ratta+m+a+tandita倦怠)

Tave bhaddekarattoti(bhadda賢者+eka+ratto), santo ācikkhate muni”.

聖者牟尼說:他是一賢者

Bhadda, bhaddikā,【陰】賢女,行爲端正的女人。

Bhaddamuttaka(cp. Sk. bhadramusta) ,【中】香附子、土香、香頭草、臭頭香、有頭土香、雀頭香、三稜草、水香陵、續根草(a kind of fragrant grass, Cyperus rotundus)多年生草本,約20~50公分高。匍匐根莖細長,先端形成橢圓形球莖,於地下蔓延,新的球莖白色,老的球莖則呈深褐色。稈三稜形。葉由莖基部長出,線形,先端尖。苞片2-3枚,葉狀。聚繖花序,具3-10個輻射枝,小穗紫紅或紅棕色。小堅果倒卵形,有三稜,黑褐色。為世界性的植物,生命力之強盛,似乎沒有其他植物能出其右。不耐遮蔭,在重密的葉片遮蓋下,香附子會黃化或停止生長。具疏肝理氣,調經止痛,除熱消痞之功效。

Bhanta (bhamati 的【過), 已搖擺,已改變方向(swerving, swaying, staggering, deviating; always used of an uncontrolled car (ratha or yāna) )bhantatta,【中】混亂,騷動。

Bhante (<bhavant<ppr. of bhavati <bhū有、是、存在Sk. *bhavantaḥ (Māgadhism for bhantaḥ)(bhadanta 的【呼】), 尊者!大德!尊師!(Venerable sir, 在家人對比丘,或下座比丘對上座比丘的一種尊稱。相當於漢地對出家眾之尊稱--法師,師父)

Bhadde, 大德!

Bhabba(grd of bhū, Sk. bhavya),【形】1.能幹的,有能力的,適宜的(able, capable, fit for)2.可能的(possiblekammaṁ bhabbābhāsa apparently possible)bhabbatā,【陰】能力,適當。abhabba﹐不適宜的(unfit, incapable)

Bhama,【陽】漩渦,轉向,轆轤(窯工在拉坯時,撥動轆轤朝逆時針或順時針方向旋轉)bhamakāra,【陽】轉轆轤者

Bhamati (bham+a), 使旋轉,漫遊。【過】bhami。【過bhanta。【現bhamanta。【獨】bhamitvā

Bhamara(Sk. bhramara),【陽】蜂(a bee)

Bhamarikā,【陰】嗡嗡叫的頂端。

Bhamu, bhamuka,【陰】眉毛。

Bhaya,【中】害怕,驚駭。bhayakara,【形】可怕的,恐怖的。bhayadassavī, bhayadassī,【形】覺悟到危險的。A.3.1./I,101.“Yāni kānici, bhikkhave, bhayāni uppajjanti sabbāni tāni bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Ye keci upaddavā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Ye keci upasaggā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. (諸比丘!諸怖生起,皆由愚人引起,非由智人。諸災患生起,皆由愚人引起,非由智人。諸災橫生起,皆由愚人引起,非由智人。)

Bhayānaka, bhayāvaha,【形】可怕的,恐怖的。

bhar﹐【字根I.】珍愛(to cherish)

Bhara,【形】(在【合】中) 支援。mātāpettībhara = 孝養父母的人。

Bharaa,【中】維護,承受。

Bharaṇī,【陰】胃宿(二十七星宿之一)

Bharati (bhar+a), 忍受,支援,維持,養育。【過】bhari。【過bhata。【獨】bharitvā。【未.1.單】bharissāmi

Bharita,【過】已裝滿,已充滿,已維護。

Bhariyā(<bhṛ, Vedic bhāryā),【陰】妻子(a wifelit. one who is supported),太太(mama bhariyā我的太太)。《律藏.經分別》(Vin.III,139-140.)︰十種妻子(dasa bhariyāyo)即:(1)買得妻(dhanakkītā財貨婦):已用財物買而令住;(2)樂住妻(chandavāsinī意樂婦):兩情相悅而令住(有說︰若女童女自行詣彼得意男處。告言我今樂與仁為妻。彼便攝受。T23.686.2)(3)雇住妻(bhogavāsinī):贈物而令住;(4)衣物住妻(paavāsinī衣食婦、財娉婦):贈衣物而令住者;(5)水得妻(odapattakinī授水婦):觸水缽而令住。共取缽水灌手,共誓言:「願此水和合不離」,結為夫婦,為最正當的結婚儀式(有說︰水授婦者,謂不取財物(=無須聘金)女之父母,以水注彼女夫手中,而告曰︰我今此女與汝為妻,汝當善自防護,勿令他人輒有欺犯,是名水授婦(T23.686.2))(6)取下()墊婦(obhaacumbaṭā):取下(頭上布)墊子(cumbaa oropetvā)而令住。(7)婢妻(dāsī):既是自家婢女兼作家妻;(8)作務妻(kammakārī):作務女兼作家妻;(9)俘虜妻(dhajāhaṭā軍掠婦、王旗婦):俘虜(karamarānītā)捉來者;(10)短暫妻(muhuttikā須臾婦):暫時(takhaikā)之妻(one-night stand,(ONS)一夜情)(cf. T23.686.2-3T26.456.2))A.7.59./IV,92.“Satta kho imā, Sujāte, purisassa bhariyāyo. Katamā satta? Vadhakasamā, corīsamā, ayyasamā, mātāsamā, bhaginīsamā, sakhīsamā, dāsīsamā.”「善生!這七種是男子的妻子。哪七()?有似殺手,有似賊,有似主宰,有似母,有似妹,有似友,有似婢。」《佛說玉耶女經》(2.864)作:「作婦之法,當有五等。一如母婦,二如臣婦,三如妹婦,四者婢婦,五者夫婦。」《玉耶女經》(T2.865.1):「世間下有七輩婦。一者母婦,二者妹婦,三者知識婦,四者婦婦,五者婢婦,六者怨家婦,七者奪命婦。」

Bhallātaka,【陽】肉托果(東印度的一種喬木(marking-nutSemecarpus anacardium))

Bhava,【陽】生存的狀態。

Bhava(<bhavati <bhū), imper. 2nd sg.你變成,你存在。

Bhavagga,【陽】有頂天,最高的生存(culminating point of existence)BuA.(CS:p.201.)Bhavaggāti akaniṭṭhabhavanato.(有頂天:色究竟天。)

Bhavacakka,【中】轉世的輪子。bhavatahā, bhavanetti,【陰】再生的欲求,有愛(染著伴隨恆常的見解(常見)SA.12.2./II,15.sassatadiṭṭhisahagatarāgabhāvena “rūpa nicca dhuva sassatan”ti eva assādentī pavattamānā bhavatahā.(以染著伴隨常見,色是常、永恆、恆常如此味著輪轉,為有愛’)DA.15./II,500. Bhavatahāti sassatadiṭṭhisahagato rāgo.( ‘有愛︰伴隨常見的染著。)

Bhavatanuka【形】一點點有的,少少有的

Bhavana (fr. bhū) ,【中】住處,界(dwelling, sphere, world, realm)

Bhavantaga, bhavantagū,【形】達到存在的邊緣,來到世界的尾端。

Bhavantara,【中】另一個生存。

Bhavavisesa﹐【陽】勝有。Vism.CS:pg.1.34.Bhavavisesā sampattibhavā(勝有︰三摩缽地有。)Vism.372.Upacārasamādhibhāvanāpi pana kāmāvacarasugatibhavavisesa āvahatiyeva.(修近行定,必得欲界善趣的勝有(=較高的欲界天))

Bhavasayojana,【中】再生的桎梏。

Bhavābhava,【陽】存在或不存在。

Bhavavesanā,【陰】渴望再生。

Bhavavogha,【陽】再生的洪水。D.33.CS:p.3.173.Bhavadiṭṭhīti khandhapañcaka “attā ca loko cā”ti gāhetvā ta “bhavissatī”ti gahanavasena niviṭṭhā sassatadiṭṭhīti attho. Tenāha “bhavo vuccatīti-ādi. Bhavissatīti bhavo, tiṭṭhati sabbakāla atthīti attho. Sassatanti sassatabhāvo. Vibhavadiṭṭhīti khandhapañcakameva “attā”ti ca “loko”ti ca gahetvā ta “na bhavissatī”ti gahanavasena niviṭṭhā ucchedadiṭṭhīti attho. Tenāha “vibhavo vuccatīti-ādi. Vibhavissati vinassati ucchijjatīti vibhavo, ucchedo.

《分別論》(Vibh.CS:p.176Vism.573.)Yañhi kāmupādānapaccayā kāmabhavanibbattaka kamma karīyati, so kammabhavo. Tadabhinibbattā khandhā upapattibhavo. Esa nayo rūpārūpabhavesu. (即由欲取的緣所造而生欲有的業為「業有」;由此而生的諸蘊為「生有」。色有、無色亦同理。)《俱舍論》卷第九:「如世尊告阿難陀言:招後有業說名為為緣故,識相續流趣未來生。」(T29.51.2)

Bhavanidānā bhavasamudayā bhavajātikā bhavapabhavā﹐從「有」為因緣,從「有」集起,從「有」而生,從「有」為根源。

Bhavaga(bhavagavijñana),【中】有分識、有分心(unconsciousness無意識並不能準確表達有分心)有分識的意思是「生命」(bhava)的成份(aga)即是生命不可或缺的條件。有分心的作用是:保持在一世當中,從投生至死亡之間的生命流不會中斷。在結生心(paisandhicitta)滅後,有分心緊接著生起;每當沒有心路過程(cittavīthi)發生時,有分心即會於每一剎那中生滅。bhavaga(有分心) 之詞,並沒有出現在經中,早期佛教尚未普遍使用它之前,使用bhavabhavasota (S.1.28./I,15.)viññāṇasota(D.28./III,105.)…,作為溝通或教學,但是難以細緻的分解。在《發趣論》(Paṭṭhāna)及經、論的注及疏中才對bhavaga作精密的探討。「有分心」可能在佛音論師(公元五世紀中葉人)注解巴利三藏之後,才在上座部佛教界或阿毘達摩領域中成為顯學。「有分心」是心識之流的一個環節,它的屬性與定位,解決或釐清許多高深心識理論的問題。āgantuka-bhavaga,【中】客串的有分Vibhv.PTS:p.109Bhavagasotanti bhavagappavāha.(有分流︰有分連續的流動。) Vibhv.PTS:p.109.bhavagasantati cālenta viya uppajjatīti bhavagacalana.(連續的有分動搖生起,稱為有分波動) Vibhv.PTS:p.109.tassa occhijjanākārena uppajjanato bhavagupacchedoti voharanti.(使有分中斷生起,則稱為有分斷)《阿毘達摩義廣釋(Vibhv.PTS:p.96)Avicchedappavattihetubhāvena bhavassa agabhāvo bhavagakicca.(令存在之因轉起而不中斷的存在的成分,為有分作用) 有分心、結生心、死心(cuticitta)是同一種果報心(vipākacitta),但執行不同的作用。

Bhavaga-upaccheda【陽】有分斷,繼「有分波動」而來的心識剎那,有分心之流於此被截斷。

Bhavaga-calana【中】【形】有分波動,心識剎那發生,有分心於此「波動」了一個心識剎那。

Bhavant(bhavati的【現)﹐尊,尊師,尊者。

Bhavantu(<bhavati)3.命】,願他們,希望他們是。

Bhavaṁ (bhavant的單.主格)﹐尊,尊師,尊者。

Bhavati (bhū+acp. Sk. bhūmi earth), 變成,是,存在。【過】bhavi, abhavi-bhavi, -abhavi。【過bhūta-bhūta。【現bhavanta, bhavamāna。【義】bhavitabba。【獨】bhavitvā, bhūtvā。【不】bhavituAcintitampi bhavati,         Cintitampi vinassati.不想念的,卻會出現;所想念的,卻會消失。1. Pres. ind. Bhavāmi & homi; 2nd bhavasi & hosī; 3rd bhavati freq.; (other reads bhavanti); & hoti freq.; 1st pl. homa; 2nd hotha; 3rd bhavanti & honti freq. -- imper. 2nd sg. bhava; Th 2, 8; bhavāhi; hohi; 3rd sg. hotu; Miln.18. pl. 1st med. bhavāmase Th 1, 1128; Sn 32; 2nd pl. bhavatha, bhavātha; hotha; 3rd pl. bhavantu; hontu. Pot. 1st sg. bhaveyya; 2nd bhaveyyāsi ; 3rd bhave, bhaveyya; & hupeyya(for bhava Sn 92, & bhavanto; f. hontī. -- fut. 1st sg. bhavissāmi, hessāmi (ThA 283 reads bhavissāmi), & hessa; 2nd bhavissasi PvA 16, hohisi; 3rd bhavissati, hessati , & med. hessate, hehitī; & hossati (in pahossati fr. pahoti DhA III.254); 1st pl. bhavissāma; 2nd hessatha; 3rd bhavissanti freq. -- Cond. 1st sg. abhavissa; 2nd abhavissa; 3rd abhavissa(na bhavissa=nābhavissa?); 3rd pl. abhavissasu Vin I.13. 1st aor. (orig. pret. of *huvati, cp. hupeyya Pot.): 1st sg. ahuvā, with by-form (see aor.) ahuvāsi Vv 826; 2nd ahuvā ibid., 3rd ahuvā;1st pl. ahuvāma & ahuvamha ibid.; 2nd ahuvattha. <-> 2nd aor. (simple aor., with pret. endings): 1st sg. ahu Pv II.32 (v. l. BB ahu) (=ahosi PvA 83); 2nd ahu (sk. abhūḥ) Pv II.35; 3rd ahū (Sk. abhūt) and passim & ahu & bhavi (pātubhavi); 1st pl. ahumhā (Sk. abhūma) & ahumha. -- 3rd aor. (s aor.) 1st sg. ahosi(=āsi); 2nd ahosi; 3rd ahosi; Vin I.23; 1st pl. ahesumha; 3rd ahesu & bhavisu (Sk. abhāviu). -- Of medial forms we mention the 1st pl. pres. bhavāmahe, and the 3rd sg, pret. ahuvattha. -- Inf. bhavitu & hetuye -- ger. bhavitvā Sn 56, hutvā Sn 43, & hutvāna. -- grd. bhavitabba; hotabba; bhabba (Sk. bhavya); see sep.; bhuyya see cpd. abhibhuyya. -- Caus. bhāveti see sep. -- pp. bhūta. Note. In compn with nouns or adjectives the final vowel of these is changed into ī, as in combn of the same with the root k, e. g. bhasmībhavati to be reduced to ashes, cp. bhasmī-karaa s. v. bhasma, etc. -- II. Meanings. In general the meaning “to become, to get” prevails, but many shades of it are possible according to context & combinations. It is impossible & unnecessary to enumerate all shades of meaning, only a few idiomatic uses may be pointed out. -- 1. to happen, to occur, to befall J VI.368. -- 2. The fut. bhavissati “is certainly,” “must be” DhA III.171 (sātthikā desanā bh.); Miln.40 (mātā ti pi na bh.). <-> 3. Imper. hotu as adv. “very well” Miln.18 (hotu bhante very well, sir). -- 4. aor. in meaning and as substitute of āsi, pret. of as to be; etad ahosi this occurred to him DhA I.399 (assā etad ahosi “this thought struck her”).

Bhavati (bhavant的【陰】),【陰】尊尼,尊姐。

Bhavant [cp. Sk. (& Vedic) bhavant, used as pron. of the 2nd; but constructed with 3rd person of the verb. Probably a contraction fr. bhagavant, see Whitney, Altind. Gr. 456] 尊者(pron. of polite address “Sir, Lord,” or “venerable, honourable,” or simply “you.” Cases as follows (after Geiger, P.Gr. § 983): sg. Nom. bhava Sn 486; D I.249; M I.484. nt. bhava M III.172. Acc. bhavanta Sn 597; D II.231; Instr. bhotā D I.93, 110; S IV.120. Gen. bhoto Sn 565; M I.486; Voc. bhava D I.93 & bho D I.93; M I.484; J II.26. See bho also sep. -- pl. Nom. bhavanto Sn p. 107 (only as v. l.; T. bhagavanto), & bhonto ibid.; M II.2; Miln.25; Acc. bhavante M II.3; Instr. bhavantehi M.III,13; Gen. bhavata M.II,3; Voc. bhonto Th 1, 832; M II.2; -- f. bhotī: sg. Nom. bhotī Sn 988; J III.95; Acc. bhoti J VI.523; Loc. bhotiyā ibid. Voc. bhoti ibid.; D II.249. -- On form bhante see this.

Bhavana,【中】存在,仍然存在,居住的地方。

Bhavanta,【形】繁榮的,閣下(敬辭,稱對方)

Bhavasakhāra,【陽】有行。AA.10.49~50./V,41.Bhavasakhāroti bhavasakharaakamma.(有行︰準備的業。)

Bhavo, 富裕。D.31.CS:p.3.137Bhavana sampattivaḍḍhana bhavoti attho, tappaikkhepena abhavoti āha “abhavena avuḍḍhiyāti.(富裕:保存增進財富之意;在它的反向不富裕,他已被說是不富裕、不昌隆)

bhas﹐【字根III.】下來(to go down),下沉(to sink)

Bhastā,【陰】bhasta【中】風箱,皮袋。

Bhasma(Bhasman),【中】灰燼,塗灰bhasmacchanna,【形】被灰燼複蓋的。bhasmā vasalī hohi,賤民!變成灰吧!(咀咒人死)

Bhassa,【中】廢話。bhassārāmatā,【陰】執著於廢話。

Bhassati(bhas下來+ya), 跌倒,落下,下降。【過】bhassi。【過bhaṭṭha。【現bhassanta, bhassamāna。【獨】bhassitvā

Bhassara,【形】明亮的,光亮的,輝煌的。

bha﹐【字根I.】使旋轉(to whirl)

Bhā,【陰】光,光彩壯麗。

Bhākuika,【形】眉頭一皺的,皺眉頭的。

Bhāga,【陽】部分,部份,派系。bhāgavantu, bhāgī,【形】分享的,帶有一點的。

Bhāgadheyya, bhāgadheya,【中】財富,命運。

Bhāgaso,【副】部份地。

Bhāgineyya,【陽】外甥(姊妹的兒子)bhāgineyyā 【陰】外甥女(姊妹的女兒)

Bhāgiya,【形】(在【合】中) 連接,屬於,有益於。

Bhāgī,【陽】分配者,股東。

Bhāgīrathī,【陰】恒河。

Bhāgya,【中】好運氣,財富。

bhāj﹐【字根VII.】分割、分開(to divide)

Bhājaka, bhājetu,【陽】劃分者,分配者。

Bhājana,【中】1.碗,盤,容器。2.分開,分配。3.分配水果的人(one who distributes fruit, an official term in the vihāra. Vin.IV,38, cp. BSk. phalacāraka)bhājanantarikā(bhājana容器+antarikā間隔),【陰】廚櫃。

Bhājanavikati,【陰】各種不同類型的盤子或容器。Cv.II,124.“Na, bhikkhave, ekabhājane bhuñjitabba …pe… na ekathālake pātabba… na ekamañce tuvaṭṭitabba… na ekattharaṇā  tuvaṭṭitabba… na ekapāvuraṇā tuvaṭṭitabba… na ekattharaapāvuraṇā tuvaṭṭitabba.  Yo tuvaṭṭeyya, āpatti dukkaassā”ti.(諸比丘!不得食同一器,不得飲同一器,不得臥同一床,不得臥同一敷具,不得蓋同一被子,臥者犯惡作。」)

Bhājāpeti(<bhājeti),【使】使分開,使分配。

Bhājeti (bhāj分開+e), 分開,分配。【過】bhājesi。【過bhājjita。【現bhājenta。【獨】bhājetvā。【義】bhājetabba。【被】bhājīyati

Bhāṇaka,【陽】1.大的廣口瓶。2.誦經者。註解書提到的Bhāṇakā(諸誦出者)此係經、律等之誦出者、專家。例如:Dīghabhāṇaka(長者誦部)Majjhimabhāṇaka(中部誦者)Sayuttabhāṇaka(相應部誦者)Aguttarabhāṇaka(增支部誦者)Jātakabhāṇaka(本生經誦者)Dhammapadabhāṇaka(法句經誦者)Ubhato-bhāṇaka(律之大分別、比丘尼分別兩者之誦者)

Bhāṇavāra,【陽】一日誦,指結集經典時,一日誦出之經典份量(約含有 8,000 )。後世演變為一日課誦經典的份量。

Bhāṇī,【形】講話的,背誦的。

Bhāti (bhā +a), 說,講,照耀。【過】bhāsi

Bhātika, bhātu,【陽】兄弟。

Bhānu, bhāṇu【陽】1.光。2.太陽。bhānumantu,【形】發光的。【陽】太陽。

Bhāyati (bhī(bhī / bhīṣ)害怕+a)(cp. Sk. bhayate, bhī, pres. redupl. bibheti), 害怕,畏懼。【過】bhāyi。【現bhāyanta。【義】bhāyitabba。【獨】bhāyitvāto be afraid. pres, ind. 1st sg. bhāyāmi; 2nd sg. bhāyasi; 1st pl. bhāyāma; 3rd pl. bhāyanto; Imper. 2nd pl. bhāyatha; pot. 3rd sg. bhāye & bhāyeyya; 3rd pl. bhāyeyyu. aor. 1st sg. bhāyi; 2nd sg. bhāyi & usually in prohib. mā bhāyi do not be afraid. grd. bhāyitabba. caus. I. bhāyayate to frighten ; caus. II. bhāyāpeti. pp. bhītaabhāyana﹐不害怕。

Bhāyāpeti (bhāyati 的【使】), 驚嚇。【過】bhāyāpesi。【過bhāyāpita。【獨】bhāyāpetvā

Bhāra(<bh, Vedic bhāra; cp. bhara),【陽】重量,負荷,負擔,工作,事件。bhāranikkhepana,【中】那下負擔,放下負荷。bhāramocana,【中】擺脫負擔。bhāravāhī,【陽】承受負擔,帶有公職者。bhārahāra,【陽】負擔的承受者,負荷的運送者。

Bhārika,【形】裝滿東西的,重的,充滿的。

Bhāriya,【形】重的,嚴重的。abhāriya,【形】不重的,不嚴重的。

Bhāva(<bhū),【陽】1.成為(being),變成(becoming),有(存在)情況(condition),自然(nature),獨自地(=attabhāva; by itself),【哲】仍然存在。bhāvadasakakalāpa(bhāva-dasaka-kalāpa),【陽】性根十法聚。bhāvarūpa﹐性根色,有女根色與男根色兩種。【無】bhāvayato﹐結果。atthikabhāva state of need; ūnabhāva depletion; ekībhāva loneliness; sithillbhāva (for sithila° in conn.with k & bhū) relaxation.-- (b) adverbs.uparibhāva high condition ; pātubhāva appearance; vinābhāva difference.(c) nouns & noun-derivations:attabhāva individual state, life, character (=citta ); asaraabhāva state of not remembering ; samaabhāva,沙門戒體(condition of a recluse)(d) forms of verbsnibbattabhāva fact of being reborn; magg’ārūḷhabhāva the condition of having started on one’s way ; baddha° that he was bound; suhitabhāva that they were well .The translation can give either a full sentence with “that it was” etc.( or a phrase like “the fact or state of,” or use as an English abstract noun ending in --ness (atthikabhāva needfulness, ekibhāva loneliness), --ion (ūnabhāva depletion, pātubhāva manifestation).--hood (attabhāva selfhood), or --ship (samaabhāva recluseship). sampayuttabhāvo (m.), for *sampayuttatta (abstr.); bhākuikassa bhāvo=bhakuiya; sovacassassa bhāvo= sovacassatā; mittassa bhāva=metta. Here sometimes bhava for bhāva.-- 2.(in pregnant, specifically Buddhistic sense) cultivation or production by thought, mental condition, esp.a set mental condition (see der.bhāvanā).Sometimes (restricted to Vin & J) in sense “thinking of someone,” i.e.affection, love, sentiment.-- abhāva (late, only in C.style) not being, absence, want ; Abl. abhāvato through not being, in want of(存在)有兩種:「業有」(kammabhāva)與「生有」(upapattibhāva)。「業有」是指一切能夠產生新一世的善與不善業,即29種善與不善思。「生有」則是指32種果報心、它們的相應心所及業生色。

Bhāvanā(<bhāveti, or bhava in meaning of bhāva2),【陰】增加,經由思考的發展,修習(producing, dwelling on something, putting one’s thoughts to, application, developing by means of thought or meditation, cultivation by mind, culture)bhāvanānuyoga,【陽】應用禪修。bhāvanāmaya,【形】由禪修完成的。bhāvanāvidhāna,【中】禪修的程D.22.-9/II,400.Uggahitāya āsevanā bhāvanā. (為了學習而練習,為修習)

Bhāveti, 【使】使修習。3.sg.opt. bhāvaye

Bhāvanīya(grd.<bhāveti, or bhāvanā),【形】應修習的(to be cultivated),令人尊敬的(to be respected),鎮定自若的(in a self-composed statecp.bhāvitatta)

Bhāvita (bhāveti 的【過),修習,有生起(uppādita)、增長(vaḍḍhita)的意思bhāvitatta,【形】訓練良好的,鎮定的,沉著的。《增支部注》(AA.6.13./III,346~7.)Bhāvitāti vaḍḍhitā. Bahulīkatāti punappuna katā. Yānīkatāti yuttayānasadisā katā. Vatthukatāti patiṭṭhā katā. Anuṭṭhitāti adhiṭṭhitā. Paricitāti samantato citā ācitā upacitā. Susamāraddhāti suppaguakaraena suṭṭhu samāraddhā.(修習︰增長。多作︰一再地作。作乘︰等於車子上軛的作。作基︰作依止處。實行︰攝受。積聚整個的堆積、累積、集聚善確立︰以善熟練的善確立。)

Bhāvī(Bhāvin)(<bhāva, Epic Sk. bhāvin “imminent”),【形】將成爲的( “having a being,” going to be)avassabhāvī,不可避免的( sure to come to pass, inevitable)bhāvinī,【陰】未來(future)evabhāvī, 如此將成爲,如此的性質。

Bhāveti (bhū+e) (Caus. of bhū, bhavati), 修習,增加,培養,發展(to beget, produce, increase, cultivate, develop)。【過】bhāvesi。【過bhāvita。【現bhāventa, bhāvayamāna。【義】bhāvetabba。【獨】bhāvetvā。【不】bhāvetuPs.(PTS.II,94.)Bhāvetīti katha bhāveti? Āvajjanto bhāveti, jānanto bhāveti, passanto bhāveti, paccavekkhanto bhāveti, citta adhiṭṭhahanto bhāveti, saddhāya adhimuccanto bhāveti, vīriya paggahanto bhāveti, sati upaṭṭhāpento bhāveti, citta samādahanto bhāveti, paññāya pajānanto bhāveti, abhiññeyya abhijānanto bhāveti, pariññeyya parijānanto bhāveti, pahātabba pajahanto bhāveti, bhāvetabba bhāvento bhāveti, sacchikātabba sacchikaronto bhāveti.(修習,如何而修習?正在傾心而修習,知而修習,見而修習,觀察而修習,心決定而修習,信解而修習,提起精進而修習,念近住而修習,集中而修習,慧知而修習,證知應證知而修習,遍知應遍知而修習,斷應斷而修習,修習應修習而修習,現證應現證而修習。) cf. āsevati(練習)DA.Bhāvanāti vaḍḍhanā bruhanā.(修習︰增長、增加。) DhsA (CS:p.86)Bhāvanāyāti sesamaggattayena. Sesamaggattayañhi pahamamaggena diṭṭhasmiyeva dhamme bhāvanāvasena uppajjati, adiṭṭhapubba kiñci na passati, tasmā bhāvanāti vuccati.

bhās(bhās)﹐【字根I.】說(to speak),使發光(to shine)

Bhāsati (bhās+a), 說,講,照耀。【過】bhāsi, abhāsatha【過bhāsita。【現bhāsanta。【獨】bhāsitvā。【義】bhāsitabbaA.5.198./III,244.:成就五支之語者,是善說(vācā subhāsitā),不惡說(no dubbhāsitā);無罪(anavajjā);不為智者所訶(ananuvajjā viññūnaṁ)。何等為五?即:應時語(Kālena ca bhāsitā);真實語(saccā ca bhāsitā);柔軟語(sahā ca bhāsitā);引利語(atthasahitā ca bhāsitā);慈心語(mettacittena ca bhāsitā)

Bhāsana,【中】演講,敍述,談話。

Bhāsantara,【中】不同的語言。

Bhāsā(bhāṣā),【陰】語言,方言,梵唄。咸同遵此。《南海寄歸內法傳》〈讚詠之禮〉(T54.227.3)︰「(誦讚)有六意焉。一能知佛德之深遠。二體制文之次第。三令舌根清淨。四得胸藏開通。五則處眾不惶。六乃長命無病。」

Bhāsita,【中】敍述。

Bhāsitu, bhāsī,【陽】說話者,講話者。

Bhāsura,【形】明亮的,光亮的。

Bhisana, bhisanaka,【形】恐怖的,可怕的,令人敬畏的。

Bhisā(<bhisa) ,【陰】嚇驚(terror, fright)mahābhisa,【形】受到大驚(inspiring great terror)Cp. Bhismā(嚇驚)

Bhisikā(<bhisa),【陰】嚇驚之事(frightful thing, terror, terrifying omen)

Bhikkhaka(<bhikkhu, Cp. Epic Sk. bhikuka & f. bhikukī),【陽】乞丐,托缽僧(a beggar, mendicant)

Bhikkhati (bhikkh+acp. Vedic bhikate, old desid. to bhaj), 乞求,托缽,要求(to beg alms, to beg, to ask for)。【過】bhikkhi。【現bhikkhanta, bhikkhamāna。【獨】bhikkhitvā

Bhikkhana,【中】求,討。

Bhikkhā(cp. Epic & Class. Sk. bhaika of bhik, adj. & nt),【陰】捐獻,食物(begged food, alms, alms-begging; food)bhikkhācariyā,【陰】bhikkhācāra(=bhikkhāya caratiSk. bhaika carati),【陽】行乞,托缽。bhikkhāhāra,【陽】乞到的食物。bhikkhāpaññatti,聲明供僧,打齋(declaration of alms, announcement that food is to be given to the Sagha, a dedication of food Vin I.309.)ekāhā bhikkhā, 一日的食物(food for one day)subhikkha,【中】食物豐富(abundance of food)dubbhikkha,【中】食物缺乏(dubbhikkhā f.scantiness of alms, famine, scarcity of food, adj. famine-stricken (cp. Sk. durbhika)

Bhikkhu (Sk. bhiku, <bhik乞討),【陽】比丘(比丘必須遵守227條波羅提木叉戒及許多微細戒),苾蒭bhikkhuṇī,【陰】比丘尼。bhikkhubhāva,【陽】僧侶。bhikkhusagha,【陽】比丘僧團。Pārā.III,24.Bhikkhūti (1)bhikkhakoti bhikkhu, (2)bhikkhācariya ajjhupagatoti bhikkhu, (3)bhinnapaadharoti bhikkhu, (4)samaññāya bhikkhu, (5)paiññāya bhikkhu, (6)ehi bhikkhūti bhikkhu, (7)tīhi saraagamanehi upasampannoti bhikkhu, (8)bhadro bhikkhu, (9)sāro bhikkhu, (10)sekho bhikkhu, (11)asekho bhikkhu, (12)samaggena saghena ñatticatutthena kammena akuppena hānārahena upasampannoti bhikkhu.  Tatra yvāya bhikkhu samaggena saghena ñatticatutthena kammena akuppena hānārahena upasampanno, aya imasmi atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.(比丘(1)乞求比丘、(2)從事乞食比丘、(3)穿割截衣比丘、(4)沙彌(充當)比丘、(5)自稱比丘、(6)善來比丘、(7)由三歸依受具比丘、(8)賢善比丘、(9)真實比丘、(10)有學比丘、(11)無學比丘、(12)由和合僧依白四羯摩之無過失、應理受具比丘。此中比丘,依和合僧,白四羯摩,無異議通過受具,即此處所謂的比丘。)Vism.16. Bhikkhūti sasāre bhaya ikkhaatāya vā bhinnapaadharāditāya vā eva laddhavohāro saddhāpabbajito kulaputto.(比丘︰以應見到輪迴的怖畏(sasāre bhaya ikkhaatāya),或應持割截衣等(bhinnapaadharāditāya),獲得信心出家的良家子這樣的名稱。) pāpabhikkhu, 比丘(經中說瞿迦梨、提婆達多、六群比丘chabbaggiyā bhikkhū、十七群比丘sattarasavaggiye bhikkhū)。《大寶積經》卷第二(T11.11.1-2)說到幾位惡比丘︰「俱迦利比丘(Kokālika瞿迦梨,是提婆達多伴黨)(唐言惡時者),提婆達多比丘(Devadatta唐言天授);騫荼達羅比丘(唐言鈌財),迦盧底輸比丘(唐言器鬼宿),母達羅多比丘(唐言海授),阿濕繁比丘(Assaji唐言馬騰),布那婆蘇比丘(Punabbasuka唐言柳宿)(以上兩位於六群比丘中最是上座),蘇氣怛羅比丘(唐言善星)。」

Bhikkhuṇī,【陰】比丘尼(在上座部佛教中比丘尼的傳承已斷)苾蒭Pāci.IV,214(CS:Pāci.pg.275)Tatra yāya bhikkhunī samaggena ubhatosaghena ñatticatutthena kammena akuppena hānārahena upasampannā, aya imasmi atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.(此中,依和合的二部僧,白四羯摩,無異議通過受具之比丘尼,即此處所謂的比丘尼之意。)

Bhikkhunovādaka, 【陽】教誡比丘尼。世尊說,選派比丘去教導比丘尼的八個標準:Pāci.IV,51.(=A.8.52./IV,279.)(1)sīlavā hoti, (2)pātimokkhasavarasavuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu, (3)bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo, (4)ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sāttha sabyañjana kevalaparipuṇṇa parisuddha brahmacariya abhivadanti, (5)tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā, (6)diṭṭhiyā suppaividdhā; (7)ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso; (8)kalyāṇavāco hoti kalyāṇavākkarao, poriyā vācāya samannāgato vissaṭṭhāya anelagaḷāya atthassa viññāpaniyā; paibalo hoti bhikkhunisaghassa dhammiyā kathāya sandassetu samādapetu samuttejetu sampahasetu; yebhuyyena bhikkhunīna piyo hoti manāpo; na kho paneta Bhagavanta uddissa pabbajitāya kāsāyavatthanivasanāya garudhamma ajjhāpannapubbo hoti; vīsativasso vā hoti atirekavīsativasso vā.( (1)持戒。(2)防護波提木叉律儀,具足戒行而住,於微小罪見怖畏,受持學處而學。(3)多聞而持所聞、積集所聞。(4)若宣說諸法,初善、中善、後善,義具、文具、純一圓滿清淨梵行。(5)像這樣多聞受持諸法,語言流利,通達人性(6)於見善通達。(7)詳知二部波提木叉,善分別、善通曉、善決定經義。(8)言語優美、音聲優美,以具有禮貌的語言,發出無瑕疵的、有義理的表達。為比丘尼僧伽說法教示,堪能於勸導、讚勵,慶慰,為多數的比丘尼所愛、所中意。依此世尊而出家,在著袈裟衣之前無犯重罪法,且(戒臘)達二十歲或超過二十歲。)

Bhika,【陽】小象。

Bhikāra,【陽】水壺。

Bhigāra【陽】金瓶、金澡罐。

Bhijjati (bhid破壞+ya), 被打破,被破壞。【過】bhijji。【過bhinna。【現bhijjamāna。【獨】bhijjitvā

Bhijjana,【中】自己破。bhijjanadhamma,【形】易碎的,掉入毀滅。

Bhitti,【陰】牆壁。bhittipāda,【陽】牆壁的腳或基礎。

bhid(bhid)﹐【字根II.】打破(to break)。【字根III.】破碎(to be broken)

Bhindati (bhid破碎+-a), 打破,劈開,切斷。【過】bhindi。【過bhindita, bhinna。【現bhindanta。【獨】bhinditvā。【不】bhinditu

Bhindana,【中】瓦解。

Bhinna, (Bhindana的【過) 瓦解。bhinnatta,【中】bhinnabhāva,【陽】被打破的情況,各式個樣。bhinnāva,【形】遇海難的。bhinnapaa,【中】破衣。bhinnamariyāda,【形】超過極限的。bhinnasīla 【形】破戒者。

Bhiyya, bhiya, bhiyyosa,【無】非常地,更多,在較高的程度中,重地。bhiyyoso mattāya, 非常地,超過能力的。

Bhiyyo(Bhīyo, Bhīyyo) (Vedic bhūyas, compar. form fr. bhū, functioning as compar. to bhūri. On relation Sk. bhūya: P. bhiyyo cp. Sk. jugupsate: P. jigucchati),1.(adj.)更多的(more Sn.61 (dukkham ettha bhiyyo), 584 (id.), 306 (bh. tahā pavaḍḍhatha); Dh.313 (bh. rajan ākirate), 349 (bh. tahā pavaḍḍhati))2.(adv.) 多的(in a higher degree, more, repeatedly, further S.I,108 (appa vā bhīyo less or more); Sn.434 (bh. citta pasīdati); Dh.18 (bh. nandati=ativiya n. C.)-- bhiyyokamyatā desire for more, greed Vin.II,214. -- bhiyyobhāva, (getting more, increase, multiplication )

Bhiyyoso (adv.)(Abl. formation fr. bhiyyo 1) 更多地(still more, more and more, only in cpd. bhiyyosomattāya [cp. BSk. bhūyasyā mātrāya MVastu II.345; Divy 263 & passim] 豐富地(exceedingly, abundantly)

Bhisa,【中】蓮藕。bhisapuppha,【中】蓮花。bhisamuḷāla,【中】睡蓮的球莖和鬚根。

Bhisakka(cp. Vedic bhiaj physician, P. bhesajja medicine),【陽】醫師(a physician)

Bhisi1,【陰】墊子、墊(a bolster, cushion, pad)bhisibimbohana,【中】墊被(bolster),枕頭(pillow)Pāci.IV,40.Bhisi nāma pañca bhisiyo-- uṇṇabhisi, coabhiti, vākabhisi, tiabhisi, paṇṇabhisi.(「臥褥」者,有五種臥褥:即毛臥褥、布臥褥、樹皮臥褥、草臥褥、樹葉臥褥。)

Bhisi2,【陰】木筏(a raft)

Bhismā(=bhisā) ,【陰】嚇驚(terror, fright)

bhī(bhī / bhīṣ)﹐【字根I.】害怕的(to fear)→Bhāyati

Bhīta(bhāyati驚恐的【過), 已顫怖,已驚恐(frightened, terrified, afraid)niraya-bhayabhīta, 地獄的恐懼。maraa-bhaya bhīta, 死亡的恐懼。

Bhībhaccha see bībhaccha.

Bhīti,【陰】害怕。

Bhīma, bhīsana(<bhī, cp. Vedic bhīma),【形】可怕的恐怖的(dreadful, horrible, cruel, awful)bhīmakāya, 恐怖的身體(of horrible body, terrific)bhīmarūpa, 恐怖的形象(of terrifying appearance)bhīmasena, 恐怖的軍隊(having a terrifying army)

 Bhīmala (<bhīma,【中】恐怖的(terrifying, horrible, awful)(T. bhīmūla, but read bhīmala; C. expls by bhisanaka-mahāsadda)

Bhīru, bhīrika(<bhī(bhī / bhīṣ); cp. Vedic bhīru),【形】【中】膽小的,恐怕的,懦弱的。bhīruttāna,【中】恐怕的庇護。bhīruttāṇa, (refuge for the fearful, adj. one who protects, those who are in fear)。【反】abhīruS.3.24./I,99.bhīru chambhī utrāsī palāyī.(懦弱、驚慌、膽小、落跑)abhīru acchambhī anutrāsī apalāyī.(不懦弱、不驚慌、不膽小、不落跑)

Bhīruka(<bhīru),【形】恐怕害臊(afraid, shy, cowardly, shunning)

Bhukkaraa, Bhukaraa(bhu+k, see bhukka),【形】【中】bhukāra, bhukkāra,【陽】()(making “bhu,” i. e. bow-wow, barking J VI.355 (bhukkaraasunakha)

Bhukaroti (bhu+kar+o), 吠。【過】bhukari。【過bhukata。【現bhukaronta。【獨】bhukatvā, bhukaritvā

bhuj(bhuj)【字根I.使彎曲。【字根II.】吃(to eat)

Bhuja1(Sk. bhuja m. & bhujā),【陽】【中】手、手臂(the arm)bhujapatta,【陽】垂枝樺(枝無毛、枝條顯著下垂的一種樺木屬植物 (Bhurja treeBetula pendula))subhujo,手臂美。

Bhuja2(<bhuñjati2), 乾淨、純淨、明亮、美麗(clean, pure, bright, beautiful)bhujadassana, 美觀(beautiful to look at)

Bhuja3(<bhuj使彎曲to bend),【形】彎曲(bending, crooked)bhuja-laṭṭhi betel-pepper treebhujaga (bhuja-ga)﹐彎曲前進者、蛇(going crooked, i. e. snake)bhujaginda,眼鏡王蛇(king of snakes, the cobra)bhujaga-latā如蛇狀的爬藤類(木本具攀緣性)’、蔞葉、荖藤、蒟醬、老葉。(“snakecreeper,” i. e. name of the betel-pepper)

Bhujaka(<bhuj, as in bhuñjati2; or does it belong to bhuja3 and equal to bhuja-laṭṭhi?),天界一種芳香的樹(a fragrant tree, growing (according to Dhpāla) only in the Gandhamādana grove of the Devaloka)

Bhujaga(bhuja-ga), bhujaga, bhujagarna,【陽】蛇。

Bhujissa(cp. BSk. bhujiya),【陽】自由(描述戒德之一),自由民(非奴隸,a freed slave, freeman; a servant as distinguished from a slave)bhujissa karoti,賦予自由民(to grant freedom to a slave)。【陰】bhujissā。【形】由奴隸解放的(freeing from slavery, productive of freedom)

Bhuñjaka, bhuñjitu(<bhuñjati1),【陽】吃的人,享受者(eating, one who eats or enjoys, in bhuñjakasammuti’ definition of “eater,” speaking of an eater, declaration or statement of eating)

Bhuñjati (bhuj+-a), 享受。【過】bhuñji。【過bhutta。【現bhuñjanta, bhuñjamāna。【義】bhuñjitabba。【獨】bhuñjitvā, bhuñjiya, bhutvā(【反】abhutvā)。【不】bhuñjitu, bhottu0

Bhuñjana(<bhuñjati1),【中】食(taking food, act of eating, feasting)bhuñjanakāla,【陽】用餐時間(meal-time DhA I.346.)

Bhutta (bhuñjati1 【過】;Sk. bhukta), 1.已吃,已享受。bhuttageha, 食堂,餐廳(eating house)yathā-bhutta bhuñjatha, 依照吃法吃下(“eat according to eating” i. e. as ought to be eaten, eating in moderation)bhuttadubbhutta, 難消化(indigestible)bhutta-pātar-āsa,已吃過早餐(after having eaten breakfast )bhuttāvasesa,餐點賸餘(the remainder of a meal)

Bhuttāvī(Bhuttāvin)(bhutta+suffix °āvin, corresponding to Vedic °āyin),【形】已吃了的人(having eaten, one who has had a meal)Nom. sg. bhuttāvī; Instr. bhuttāvinā; Gen. Dat. bhuttavissa; Acc. bhuttāvi; Nom. pl. bhuttāvī & bhuttāvino

Bhumma(<bhūmi, Vedic bhūmya),【形】【中】1.地居的,地球的陸棲的,陸地(belonging to the earth, earthly, terrestrial; nt. soil, ground, floor)2.處格(the locative case)(在【合】中 ) 有階段或故事的。bhummaṭṭha,【形】在地球上的。bhummattharaa,【中】地鋪,地毯。bhummantara,【中】不同的階段或世界。bhummā devā, 諸地神、諸地居天(a terrestrial deva or fairy六欲天中四王天)bhummattharaa,舖地(“earth-spread,” a ground covering, mat, carpet)bhummantara,地球。Bhummantalikkha,天地(earthly and celestial, over earth & sky (of portents))bhummajāla,地網(“terrestrial net (of insight) gift of clear sight extending over the globe.)

Bhusa1,【中】穀殼,(玉黍蜀的)外殼(chaff, husks)。【形】很多,豐富的。bhusa,【副】非常地,常常,頻繁地。bhusāgāra, 穀殼倉庫(chaff-house)opuṇāti bhusa,去殼(to sift husks)

Bhusa2,【形】大巨大(strong, mighty, great) bhusa,【中】多(adv. much, exceedingly, greatly, vehemently)In cpds. bhusa° & bhusa°.

Bhusati, Bhussati(bhus +ya), 吠。【過】bhussi。【現bhussanta, bhussamāna。【獨】bhussitvā

bhū(bhū)﹐【字根I.】變成(to become)

Bhū1 (<bhū) ,【形】生物(being)。【中】生物有呼吸的生物(creature, living being in pāṇa-bhū a living being (a breathing being)=pāṇa-bhūta)

Bhū2 (<bhū, otherwise bhūmi),【陰】地球(the earth; Loc. bhuvi according to Kaccāyana; otherwise bhuvi is aor. 3rd sg.

Bhūkui (a different spelling of bhakui,cp. Sk. bhkuti & bhrukui),【陰】皺眉(表示不滿),生氣,輕蔑的(frown, anger, superciliousness)

Bhūta (bhavati 的【過), 已變成,已出生,已生産。【中】元素,神祇(()神」空居;「祇(地神)」地居),衆生,事實,已經發生的事物。bhūtakāya,【陽】身體,元素所生産的 東西。bhūtagāma,【陽】植物,草木。bhūtagāha,【陽】著魔。bhūtappasāda﹐淨色。bhūtavādī,【形】誠實的。bhūtavejja,【陽】驅魔的人,召魂者。bhūta-vijjā﹐鬼咒(呼鬼喚神的咒術)abhūta,【陽】非生物(或譯作︰不成材。指愚人、說謊者falsehood, lie falsehood, lie)MA.1./I,31~2.(Sn.A.222CSCD:224)bhūtasaddo pañcakkhandha-amanussa-dhātu-vijjamāna-khīṇāsava -satta-rukkhādīsu dissati.(生物()五蘊、非人(鬼神、天人)(具有四大)界、存在、漏盡者、有情(satta)、樹(、草木)等。) “Bhūtamidanti, bhikkhave, samanupassathā”ti-ādīsu (M.38./I,260.) hi aya pañcakkhandhesu dissati.  “Yānīdha bhūtāni samāgatānī”ti (Sn.PTS:222CS:224) ettha amanussesu. “Cattāro kho, bhikkhu, mahābhūtā hetū”ti (M.109./III,17.) ettha dhātūsu.  “Bhūtasmi pācittiyan”ti-ādīsu (Pāci.IV,25.) vijjamāne.  “Yo ca kālaghaso bhūto”ti (J.245.JA.II,260.) ettha khīṇāsave.  “Sabbeva nikkhipissanti bhūtā loke samussayan”ti (D.16./II,157.) ettha sattesu. (M.1./I,32.) “Bhūtagāmapātabyatāyā”ti (Pāci.IV,34.) ettha rukkhādīsu.MA.I,31.(1) animate Nature as principle, or the vital aggregates (the 5 Khandhas), with ref. M I.260; (2) ghosts (amanussā) Sn 222; (3) inanimate Nature as principle, or the Elements (the 4 dhātus) S III.101 (mahābhūtā); (4) all that exists, physical existence in general (vijjamāna) Vin IV.25 (bhūta); (5) what we should call a simple predicative use, is exemplified by a typical dogmatic example, viz. “kālaghaso bhūto,” where bhūta is given as meaning khīṇāsava (Arahant) J II.260; (6) all beings or specified existence, animal kingdom (sattā) D II.157; (7) the vegetable kingdom, plants, vegetation (rukkh’ādayo)( 《中部注》(MA.1./I,31~2.)︰「生物之義︰1()五蘊(pañcakkhandha)2非人(amanussa鬼神、天人)3(具有四大)(dhātu)4存在者(vijjamāna)5漏盡者(khīṇāsava)6有情(satta)7(、草木)(rukkhā)等。」巴利文有時也用「非生物」(abhūta或作︰不成材)指愚人、騙子,事實上他們也是「生物」)

Bhūtatta,【中】已成爲的事實。

Bhūtika,【形】元素所組成的。

Bhūma, bhūmaka,【形】(在【合】中) 有樓層的。

Bhūmaṭṭha, 地中物Pārā.III,48.Bhūmaṭṭha nāma bhaṇḍa bhūmiya nikkhitta hoti nikhāta paicchanna,地中物︰覆藏於地中之財物。

Bhūmi,【陰】土地,地面,地球,區域,階段,平面(陸地或世界)bhūmikampā,【陰】地震。bhūmicāla,【陽】地震。bhūmigata,【形】在地面上的,儲存在地下的。bhūmitala,【中】地面。bhūmippadesa, bhūmibhāga,【陽】土地。bhūmi-pappaaka﹐地餅(地肥)。《增支部》A.8.70. Bhumicāla(八種)地震:地動有八因緣:()大地住於水上,水住於風上,風依空而住。若大風起,則水搖;若水搖,則地搖。() 有神通之沙門、婆羅門、大威力之天人,彼若修習地想少量、修習水想無量,則此令地動。()菩薩自兜率天隱沒,以正念正知降入母胎。()菩薩以正念正知自母胎出生。()如來現等覺、無上正等覺時。()如來轉無上法輪時。()如來以正念正知而捨壽行時。()如來於無餘涅槃界般涅槃時。(《長部》D.16./II,106-109.(三章10-20)自說經(Ud.6.1),《長阿含》第二經遊行經,《增壹阿含42.5經》,《中阿含36經》地動經(T1.477.2))

Bhūri,【陰】智慧。【形】廣泛的,豐富的。bhūripañña, bhūrimedha,【形】廣泛的智慧(廣慧)SA.1.75.Bhūripaññāti bahupañña ussannapañña.(廣慧多慧,豐富的智) SA.22.95.Bhūripaññenāti sahapaññena ceva vipulavitthatapaññena ca. (廣慧細膩的智慧,廣大的智)

bhūs(bhūṣ)﹐【字根I.】裝飾(to adorn)。【字根VII.】裝飾(to decorate)

Bhūsana,【中】bhūsā,【陰】裝飾物,裝飾品。

Bhūsāpeti (Bhūseti的【使】), 使裝飾,使化妝。【過】bhūsāpesi。【過bhūsāpita。【獨】bhūsāpetvā

Bhūseti (bhūs+e), 化妝,裝飾,美化。【過】bhūsesi。【過bhūsita。【現bhūsenta。【獨】bhūsetvā

Bheka(cp. Vedic bheka),【陽】青蛙(a frog)

Bhejja,【形】易碎的,會破的。【中】打破,切斷。

Bheṇḍivāla,【陽】一種發射物。

Bheṇḍu, bheṇḍuka,【陽】球,球形的頂端,圓屋頂。

Bhettu,【陽】打破者。

Bheda,【陽】迸裂,分裂,分離,意見不合。bhedaka,【形】分化者,分離者。bhedakara,【形】帶來區分,帶來分離。bhedābheda,【陽】破和未破。

Bhedana,【中】迸裂,分裂,分化,分離。bhedanaka,【形】值得打破的。bhedanadhamma,【形】容易腐爛的。

Bhedita, (Bhedeti的【過) 使分裂,使分開

Bhedeti (bhid+e), 使分裂,使分開,使分離。【過】bhedesi。【過bhedita。【獨】bhedetvācaus. bhedāpeti

Bheraṇḍa,【陽】野干、豺(jackal)bheraṇḍaka,【中】豺的嗥叫。

Bherava,【形】可怕的。

Bheri,【陰】鼓。bhericāraa,【中】打鼓聲明。bheritala,【中】鼓面。bherivādaka,【陽】鼓手。bherivādana,【中】打鼓。bherisadda,【陽】鼓聲。

Bhesajja,【中】藥。《南海寄歸內法傳》卷第三:「梵云晡堤木底鞞殺杜(pūti-mukta-bhaiajyapūti-mūtra bhaiajyānām)。晡堤是陳。木底是棄。鞞殺社譯之為藥(即是陳棄藥也)律開大便小便。乃是犢糞牛尿。」(T54.225.1)。《律藏.大品.藥犍度》(Mv.I,201.以下;cf. Pāci.IV,35.) 終生藥分為六類,即:一、mūlāni bhesajjāni (根藥)haliddi, 薑黃(turmeric)sigivera, 生薑(ginger)vaca, 菖蒲(sweet flag)vacattha, 白菖蒲(a sedge or flag with fragant leaves )ativisa, 麥冬(pig-lily)kaukarohii, 辛胡蓮(galanga or galingale)usīra, 嗢尸羅(狼尾草(象草elephant grass)bhaddamuttaka﹐香附(藕土香,香蔭草,臭蔭香,有蔭土香pig’s root or nut grass),及其它根藥。

二、澀藥 (kasāvabhesajja)a.荏婆澀(nimbakasāvo decoction of the neem)b.根藥的一種( kuajakasāvodecoction of Wrightia tomentaso) c.婆迦瓦澀(paolakasāvodecoction of Gymnopetalum cochinchinense)d.苦味的植物(pakkavakasāvo… of Tinosporacordifolia)e.其它澀藥。(《根本說一切有部毘奈耶藥事》卷第一(T24.2.1)︰五種澀藥。一者菴沒羅。二者紝婆。三者贍部。四者夜合。五者俱奢摩。)

三、葉藥(paṇṇabhesajja)a.荏婆葉(nimbapaṇṇa neem-leaves)b.具達奢葉( kuajapaṇṇaleave of Wrigthia spp.)c.拔陀羅葉 (paolapaṇṇaGymnopetalum cochinchinense)d.蘇羅尸葉( gulasipaṇṇatulsi or ordinary basil)e.迦婆尸迦葉(kappāsikapaṇṇacotton plant)。及f.其它葉藥。

四、phalāni bhesajjāni (果藥)bilaga(vilaga), 伊蘭迦(Ardisia littoralis)pippali, 蓽撥(蓽茇、長胡椒long pepperpiper longuml)marica, 胡椒(chili pepper)harītaka, 訶子(yellow myrobalan)vibhītaka, 川練(川練子、金鈴子、楝實、練實、仁棗、苦楝子;苦,寒。肝,小腸,膀胱。行氣止痛,清熱,殺蟲。Szechwan Chinaberry)āmalaka, 餘甘子(emblic myrobalan)goṭṭhaphala(gohaphala),五達婆羅(wormwood)。及其它果藥。

五、脂藥(jatubhesajja )a.樹脂;b.藥脂樹(higuFerula spp.)c.葉和莖以火提煉出的脂 (higujatu)d. 葉和莖以火提煉出的脂與其他東西混合 (higusipāhikā)e. 達迦婆提 (takkapatti)f.達迦胖離 (takkapaṇṇi)g. 薩周拉沙 (sajjulasagum benjamin) i.其它樹脂藥。

六、鹽藥(loabhesajja)a.海鹽(sāmuddika)b.黑鹽(kalalonāṁ)c.岩鹽(sindhava)d.食鹽 (vila)e.於其他化合物混合之鹽。

sattahakalika,七日藥(比丘被允許在七日內食用的藥物,指︰a.酥油 (navanitaghee水牛的奶所製成的奶油)b.奶油(sappi; butter乳牛的奶所製成的奶油)c.(telaoil 植物油及動物油)d.蜂蜜 (madhu)e.(phāṇita糖蜜、石蜜、砂糖、冰糖、棕櫚糖jaggery)Bhojanīya nāma pañca bhojanāni--odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, masa.穀肉食(另譯:軟食):飯﹑粥﹑麥﹑魚﹑肉。yāmakālika,【形】時分藥,非時藥(比丘被允許在午後和夜晚食用的藥物)yāvajīvika盡形壽藥(比丘被允許終身可以保存的藥物)

Bhesajjakapāla,【中】藥缽。

Bho (bhavant 的呼格),【無】(對平輩或下輩的親密的稱呼)親愛的!朋友!

Bhoga,【陽】所有物,財富,工資,享樂,蛇的盤繞。bhogakkhandha,【陽】財蘊(大量的財富)bhogagāma,【陽】納貢的村莊。bhogamada,【陽】財富的自傲。bhogavantu,【形】富有的。cha bhogāna apāya-mukhāni(毀滅財物的六原因);《長部31經》尸伽羅經說失財的六種原因,是:一、耽溺穀酒、迷羅耶酒、烈酒放逸處 (surā-meraya-majja-ppamāda-ṭṭhānānuyogo)。二、耽溺非時遊街(vikāla-visikhācariyānuyogo)。三、涉足劇場(samajjābhicaraa)。四、耽溺賭博(jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo, 台語︰跋繳)。五、耽溺惡友(pāpamittānuyogo)。六、耽溺懶惰(ālasyānuyogo)。《長阿含16經》善生經(1.71.2):「六損財業者,一者耽湎於酒,二者博戲,三者放蕩,四者迷於伎樂,五者惡友相得,六者懈墮,是為六損財業。」

Bhogī,【陽】蛇,富人。【形】(在【合】中) 享受的,分享的。

Bhogga,【形】可以享受的,可以擁有的。

Bhojaka,【陽】飼養者,收稅者。gāmabhojaka = 村長。

Bhojana,【中】食物,餐。bhojane amattaññuno﹐食不知量。bhojane mattaññutā﹐飲食知量。M.39./I,273.‘Bhojane mattaññuno bhavissāma, paisakhā yoniso āhāra āharissāma, neva davāya na madāya na maṇḍanāya na vibhūsanāya (對於食物為知量者,省思攝取食物,非為吃零食(台語︰四獸;davāya,原意︰開玩笑),放逸,妝扮,莊飾(有面子))比丘戒「墮罪(39)Yāni kho pana tāni paṇītabhojanāni, seyyathida--sappi, navanīta, tela, madhu, phāṇita, maccho, masa, khīra, dadhi.  Yo pana bhikkhu evarūpāni paṇītabhojanāni agilāno attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjeyya, pācittiya.(諸勝妙飲食,這即是:乳酪(熟酥)、奶油(生酥)()油、蜜、糖蜜、魚、肉、(牛、羊等)乳、凝乳()若比丘無病,為己討美食而食者,犯墮罪。)

Bhojaniya,【形】可以吃的。【中】軟的食物。

Bhojāpeti (bhuj +āpe), 食,服侍(他人用餐)。【過】bhojāpesi。【過bhojāpita。【獨】bhojāpetvā

Bhojī,【形】以爲食的。

Bhojeti (bhuj +e), 餵,養活。【過】bhojesi。【過bhojita。【獨】bhojetvā。【現bhojenta, bhojayamāna。【不】bhojetu

Bhojja,【中】食品。【形】可以吃的。

Bhoti 【呼、單】親愛的女士!

Bhottabba, 可以吃的。參考 Bhojja

Bhottu,【不】吃。

Bhonto﹐諸尊者、諸賢(複數主格、複數呼格)SnA.v.410./II,383.bhontoti amacce ālapati.(諸賢(國王)對臣之稱呼。)

Bhovādī,【陽】婆羅門。

 

M

 

M, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第二十五個輔音字母。發音好像漢語中的 m

Ma(aha) 的【賓】。

Makaci,【陽】印度虎尾藍(亞洲的一種弓弦麻 (Sansevieria roxburghiana) 由於它的柔軟而絹絲狀的纖維而在印度廣泛栽培)makacivāka,【中】印度虎尾藍的纖維。makacivattha,【中】帆布。

Makara,【陽】海怪,旗魚。makaradantaka,【中】旗魚的牙齒形狀的設計。

Makaranda,【陽】花蜜。

Makasa(fr. Vedic maśaka),【陽】蚊子,蠓仔(台語)(mosquito)蚊科(学名Culicidae)是昆蟲綱雙翅目之下的一個。該科生物通常被稱為蚊或蚊子,是一種具有刺吸式口器的纖小飛蟲。通常雌性以血液作為食物,而雄性則吸食植物的汁液。makasakuikā, savāraa,【中】蚊帳,台語:蠓罩(mosquito net or curtain Vin.II,119, 130)。中藥防蚊,茵陳蒿35、艾草35,加2000cc.水煮沸抹身。薰香驅蚊,如燃燒曬乾的艾草、浮萍(紫背)、香椿等。

Makua,【陽】【中】冠,王冠,寶冠。

Makula,【中】芽,蓓蕾,球塊。

Makkaa,【陽】猴子。makkaataka,【陽】蜘蛛。makkaasutta,【中】蜘蛛的絲。makkaṭālepa﹐【陽】猴子的黏黐(補捉猴子用)

Makkaṭī,【陰】母猴子。

makkh﹐【字根VII.】插入(to nib with)

makkh﹐【字根VII.】塗(to smear)

Makkha (<makkh塗;mraka<mkcp. BSk. maka),【陽】1.偽善(hypocrisy),惡的覆藏。「覆藏」即屬於「慳」(macchariya)心所,《清淨道論》(Vism.107)說:「對於瞋行者則有忿、恨、覆(makkho)、惱、嫉、慳等法」。2.忿(《普端嚴》(Sp.Mv.V,972.;CS:p.253) :「忿怒即是忿」Makkhanti kodha.)

Makkhaa,【中】塗,塗油。

Makkhikā,【陰】蒼蠅。

Makkhita, (makkheti 的【過)

Makkhī,【陽】偽善,惡的覆藏者。

Makkheti (makkh+e), 塗上,塗抹,擦掉。【過】makkhesi。【過makkhita。【獨】makkhetvā

Maga(another form of miga=Sk. mga),【陽】1.獵狩的動物(animal for hunting, deer, antelope)2.愚蠢的人(a stupid person J.VI.206, 371.)magasira, 觜宿(二十七星宿之一)

Magadha,【陽】摩揭陀國(包括現在的比哈爾省 (Bihar) 和奧裡薩邦 (Orissa))

magg﹐【字根I.】搜尋(to search)。【字根VII.】尋求(to seek)

Magga ( Mārga, fr. mg to track, trace),【陽】路徑,道路,方法。maggakilanta,【形】因步行而疲倦的。maggakusala,【形】識途者。maggakkhāyī,【形】指對路者。maggaga,【中】(八正)道支(即:正見、正思維、正語、正業、正命、正精進、正念、正定)maggāṇa,【中】道智。maggañū, maggavidū,【形】識道者。maggaṭṭha,【形】在道上者,證道者。maggadūsī,【陽】攔路強盜。maggadesaka,【形】指路者。maggapatipanna,【形】旅行者,上道者。maggabhāvanā,【陰】修道。maggamūḷha,【形】迷路者。maggasacca,【中】道諦(四聖諦之一)Mv.I,40.“…atthikehi upaññāta maggan”ti.( ‘乃尋求者所發現。) DA.22./III,745.Maggoti kenaṭṭhena maggo?  Nibbānagamanaṭṭhena nibbānatthikehi magganīyaṭṭhena ca.(︰以何義稱為以趣向涅槃之義,以尋找涅槃,以被尋求之義。)

Maggati, Mageti (mag+a), 尋求,追蹤,探尋。【過】maggi。【過maggita。【獨】maggitvāCaus.II. maggāpeti PvA.112.Pass. maggīyati VbhA.114。【義】magganīya

Maggana,【中】magganā,【陰】搜尋,探尋。

Maggika,【陽】旅客。

Maggita, (maggati 的【過)尋求

Maggeti (mag+e), 尋求,追蹤,探尋。參考 Maggati

Maghavantu,【陽】帝釋的一個渾名(Name of Indra, or another angel (devaputta) S.I,221 (Voc. maghavā; so read for mathavā), 229; Dh.30. Cp. māgha.)

Maghā(cp. *Sk. maghā),【陰】星宿(二十七星宿之一。Name of a nakkhatta, in cpd. maghādeva SnA 352 (cp. M.II,74, n. 6, where spelling Makkādeva; we also find Makhadeva at Śatapatha-brāhmaa XIV. I. 1).)

Maku(cp. Vedic maku),【形】混亂的,氣餒的,沮喪的,無精打采的(staggering, confused, troubled, discontented)makubhāva,【陽】道德弱點,氣餒。makubhūta,【形】沉默的,氣餒的。f. pl. makū Vin.I,93.

dummaku, (“staggering in a disagreeable manner,” evil-minded A.I,98; IV.97 (read line as “dummaku’ya padusseti dhūm’aggamhi va pāvako” he, staggering badly, is spoilt like the fire on the crest of smoke); V.70; Vin.II,196; III.21; IV.213; S.II,218; Nett 50. )makubhāva, (discontent, moral weakness J.IV.49; Miln.227; DhA.III,359. makubhūta, (discontented, troubled, confused Vin.II,19; D.II,85; A.I,186; Dh.263; J.V.211; VI.362; DhA.II,76; amaku, (self-possessed A.III,40; Miln.21, 339.) )

Makuna & Makua(cp. late Sk. matkua),昆蟲、跳蚤(an insect, bug or flea J.I.10; III.423; Vism.109 (where kīla-makula ought to be read as kīṭamakuna); DhA.II,12.)

Magala(cp. Vedic magala. Expld by Dhtp 24 with root mag),【形】吉兆的,興旺的,幸運的,慶典(auspicious, prosperous, lucky, festive)。【中】吉祥,歡宴,好預兆,典禮,繁榮。magalakicca,【中】作吉祥事(auspicious function),歡宴( festivity)magalakiriyā﹐慶典(festivity),婚禮(wedding)magalakolāhala,【陽】吉兆的喧嘩。magaladivasa,【陽】節日,婚姻日。magalassa, magalasindhava,【陽】皇家馬。magalapokkharaṇī,【陰】王室的浴池。magalasilāpaṭṭa,【中】國王的坐板。magalasupina,【中】好夢。magalahatthī,【陽】皇家象。

Magura,【形】金黃色的(golden; maguracchavi of golden colour, f. maguracchavī)。【陽】一種淡水魚。

Magalika(magalika-) (< magala),【形】1.one who is feasting in, one whose auspices are such & such; fond of; only in kotūhala° fond of excitement J.I.372; Miln.94 (apagata°, without passion for excitement). -- 2. superstitious, looking out for lucky signs Vin.II,129 (gihī), 140 (id.). At J.IV.72, 73; three sets of people are exemplified, who believe in omina as either diṭṭha (seen) or suta (heard) or muta (sensed); they are called diṭṭha-magalikā, suta° & muta° respectively. The same group is more explicitly dealt with in the Magala-sutta KhA 118 sq. (cp. Nd1 89); diṭṭhamagalika pañha “a question concerning visible omina” J.IV.73 (correct meaning given under diṭṭha1, vol. II.1561!), 390 (?). The Np. diṭṭha-magalikā at J.IV.376 sq.

Magalya (nt.) [fr. magala] auspiciousness, good luck, fortune Dhtp 24.

Magula (cp. magura), 【形】灰色的,蒼白的(sallow)

Magulī (cp. magura),【陰】臉色蒼白的女人(woman of sallow complexion S.II,260=Vin.III,107; Vin.III,100.)

Macca(orig. grd. of marati, m corresponding to Sk. martya. A diaeretic form exists in P. mātiya),【陽】男人(man, a mortal)

Maccu(=Vedic mtyu, fr. m; in meaning differentiated, the Ved.--Sk. meaning “death” only),【陽】死亡,魔王(the God of Death, the Buddhist Māra, or sometimes equivalent to Yama) (Gen. maccuno), (Instr. maccunā)maccutara,【形】克服死亡者。maccudheyya,【中】死亡的領域。maccuparāyaa, maccupareta,【形】超越死亡的。maccupāsa,【陽】死亡的陷阱。maccumukha,【中】魔王的嘴。maccurāja,【陽】死王(魔王)maccuvasa,【陽】死亡的力量。maccuhāyin,【形】戰勝死亡的。

Maccha(Vedic matsya),【陽】魚(fish)macchaṇḍa,【中】魚蛋。macchaṇḍī,【陰】外表似魚蛋的糖(魚珠糖)macchamasa,【中】魚和肉。macchabandha,【陽】漁夫。phandanti macchā, 在乾地上(on dry land)

Macchara, macchariya,【形】【中】慳,小氣,吝嗇(niggard)(不佈施、少佈施、佈施少都可能是慳的表現)。吝嗇:台語:竭kiat8,硞khok,凍霜tang3 sng,寒酸han5 suan「慳」屬於瞋,「慳」「貪」不能同時存在,「慳貪」為經論中普遍的誤譯,「慳貪」早在後漢(A.D.25~220),就出現在諸譯家的譯經中,如︰安世高(?-170 A.D.)、安玄(漢靈之末(188A.D.)遊賈洛陽)、支婁迦讖(147-185 A.D)等。四阿含經的翻譯也沿用此名詞。maccharī,【陽】守財奴。台語:竭仔哥kiat8a2 ko,硞仔頭khok a2 thau5,吝嗇鬼ni2 sinn3 kui2“Macchariya paicca ārakkho ti”iti, 由於慳悋而有守護」。cf. luddha, 【陽】吝嗇鬼(miser)

Maccharāyati (macchariya 的【派】), 小氣。

Maccharin (cp. Vedic matsarin, fr. mat+s, i. e. “reflecting to me”) ,【形】吝嗇(niggard)maccharinī,【陰】。amaccharin, 吝嗇(niggard)

Macchī,【陰】雌魚。

Macchera,中】慳,吝嗇。參考MacchariyaA.5.34./III,40.Tasmā hi dānāni dadanti paṇḍitā, Vineyya maccheramala sukhesino.(是故諸智者,布施諸禮物,引離慳垢且求樂。) S.1.32./I,18.“Tasmā vineyya macchera, dajjā dāna malābhibhū; Puññāni paralokasmi, patiṭṭhā honti pāṇinan”ti.(是故引離慳,布施勝垢穢;諸功德在後世,有息者立足處。)

majj(mj)﹐【字根I.】下沉(to sink)

Majja,【中】酒。majjana,【中】沉醉狀態,疏忽。majjapa,【形】酒鬼(喝酒者)majjapāna,【中】喝酒,酒。majjapāyī, 參考 majjapamajjavikkayī,【陽】酒商。DA.31./I,944.Ta sabbampi madakaraavasena majja. (烈酒:所有釀造的醉品)

Majjati1(majj(majj)浸入,淹沒,to immerse, submerge), 浸入,淹沒(=mujjati, as found esp. in cpds. ummujjati & nimujjati)

Majjati2(marj(mj)), 擦亮清理(to wipe, polish, cleanDhtp 71 gives root majj with meaning “sasuddhiya”)pp. majjita & maṭṭha.

Majjati3(mad(mad / mand)沉浸+ya, Sk. mādyati), 沉浸(to be intoxicated; to be exultant, to be immensely enjoyed or elated; pot. majje=majjeyya SnA 364majje= pamajje SnA 482)。【過】majji。【過1.matta2.maṭṭha, majjita。【現majjanta。【獨】majjitvā

Majjanā,【陰】磨光,擦拭,撫摩。

Majjāra,【陽】貓。majjārī,【陰】雌貓。

Majjha,【陽】中央,腰部。【形】中央的。majjhaṭṭha, majjhatta,【形】中立者,無私的,中性的。majjhaha,【陽】正午。majjhattatā,【陰】公平,平靜。majjhadesa,【陽】(佛教)中國。majjhantika, majjhantikasamaya,【陽】正午。

Majjhima,【形】中部的,中間的,適中的,中央的。majjhimadesa(madhyadeśa janapada),【陽】(佛教)中國,包括恒河兩岸,佛陀常常遊化的區域(婆羅門講的中國,指︰位於喜瑪拉雅山(Himavat)和文底耶山(Vindhya)之間,維那舍那(Vinaśana)以東和缽邏耶伽(Prayāga)以西的地區,約位於今之中央邦);其他地方稱為「邊地」(pratyantajanapada弊生處)majjhimapurisa,【陽】中等高度的男人,〔文法〕第二人稱。majjhimayāma,【陽】中夜時分(10pm~2am。古印度一夜分爲三個時分,即:前夜、中夜、後夜)majjhimavaya,【陽】中年。majjhimā paipadā, 中道。āvuso lobho ca pāpako doso ca pāpako, lobhassa ca pahānāya dosassa ca pahānāya atthi majjhimā paipadā cakkhukarai ñānakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya savattati(賢友!欲是惡,恚是惡,為捨棄欲,捨棄恚,故有中道,生眼生智,能導致安息(寂靜)、證智、正覺、涅槃。)

Mañca,【陽】床(a couch, bed台語:眠床bin5chng5)、椅。mañcaka,【陽】小床、小椅mañcaparāyaa,【形】被限制在床上的。mañcapīṭha,【中】床和椅,家具。mañcavāna,【中】床帳。《南海寄歸內法傳》卷第一:「床量長佛八指,以三倍之長,中人二十四指。當笏尺尺半,東夏諸寺床高二尺已上,此則元不合坐。」(T54.206.3 ~ 207.1) Sp.Cv.VI,1236.Mañco nāma--1masārako, 2bundikābaddho, 3kuḷīrapādako 4āhaccapādakoti imesa pubbe vuttāna catunna mañcāna aññataro Pīṭha nāma masārakādīnayeva catunna pīṭhāna aññatara.  Bhisi nāma uṇṇabhisi-ādīna pañcanna aññatarā.  Bimbohana nāma vuttappakārāna bimbohanāna aññatara.  Lohakumbhī nāma kāḷalohena vā tambalohena vā yena kenaci lohena katā kumbhī. Lohabhāṇakādīsupi eseva nayo. Ettha pana bhāṇakanti arañjaro vuccati. Vārakoti ghao. Kaṭāha kaṭāhameva. Vāsiādīsu valliādīsu ca duviññeyya nāma natthi.(床有四種,何謂為四?一者波摩遮羅伽(masāraka),二者文蹄(bundikābaddha),三者句利羅(kuḷīrapādaka),四者阿遏遮(āhaccapādaka),波摩遮羅床者,梐入。文蹄床者,梐與相連成也。句利羅床者,或作馬蹄,或作羊蹄虎狼師子,如是名句利羅。阿遏遮者,入梐。)

Mañjarī,【陰】串,群(a branching flower-stalk, a sprout)

Mañjiṭṭha, mañjeṭṭha(cp. *Sk. mañjiṣṭhā Indian madder),【形】淡紅色的,玫瑰紅的、橙色的(crimson)(light (bright) red, crimson), usually enumd in set of 5 principal colours with nīla, pīta, lohitaka, odāta; e. g. at Vin I.25; S II.101 (f. mañjeṭṭhā)

Mañjiṭṭhā,【陰】紫檀(red sandal tree印度和東印度群島的一種喬木 (Pterocarpus indicus),種子被當作珠寶商的重量使用)

Mañju,【形】迷人的,可愛的。mañjubhāṇaka, mañjussara,【形】悅耳的聲音,說得親切的。

Mañjūsaka,【陽】天樹(celestial tree)

Mañjūsā,【陰】首飾盒,盒子。S54.1~20./II,519.Kilesacorehi anabhibhavanīyattā jhāna “cittamañjūsan”ti vutta.(由煩惱賊所無法征服的禪那,所以説心的箱函’(cittamañjūsa))

Mañjeṭṭhī,【陰】孟加拉茜草(Bengal madder亞洲西南部的多年生〔茜草屬〕 (Rubia tinctorum) 植物開有小黃花,生有卷狀葉和紅根)

Maññati (man +yaVedic manyate & manute), 1.想像(to imagine),評價(to be of opinion),認爲(to deem)2.知道(to know),使確信(to be convinced),使確定(to be sure)3.想像(to imagine),使驕傲(to be proud (of)),使自負(to be conceited),吹噓(to boast) (ppr. maññamāna, maññate); 我已想(aor. maññi’ha)【過】maññī。【過maññita(《中阿含經》譯:自舉)。【現maññamāna。【獨】maññitvāta ki maññasi(maññatha 2.pl.), 你認為如何?(what do you think of this? or what is your opinion about this? D.I,60; S.III,104 & passim)Pot. 1sg. maññeyya, maññe,我以為(I should think PvA.40)Pot. 3sg. maññeyya,他以為(S.III,103, and maññe Sn.206.)na maññe, 確定不是(surely not DhA.II,84; PvA.75.)

Maññanā,【陰】maññita,【中】想像,幻影。

Maññe,【無】我想,我想像(methink)

Maṭṭa, maṭṭha,【形】平滑的擦亮的。maṭṭasāṭaka,【中】優良的布料。

Mai,【陽】珠寶。maikāra,【陽】寶石琢磨工人。maikuṇḍala,【中】寶石耳環。maikkhandha,【陽】巨大的珠寶。maipallaka,【陽】珠寶座。maibandha,【陽】手腕(日語:てくび,手首)maimaya,【形】寶石製的。mairatana,【中】貴重的珠寶。maivaṇṇa,【形】水晶的顔色。maisappa,【陽】玉蛇、銅頭蛇(copperhead印度的銅頭蛇爲三索錦蛇(Elaphe radiata),以鼠爲食。)

Maika,【陽】1.大的廣口瓶,2.以玻璃製成的手鐲等。

maṇḍ﹐【字根VII.】裝飾(to adorn)cp.(maṇḍ), 艙面(deck)

Maṇḍa,【陽】(牛奶等的)最好部份。【形】非常清楚的。

Maṇḍana,【中】裝飾,裝飾品。maṇḍanajatika,【形】想裝飾。

Maṇḍapa,【陽】暫時的棚,暫時的大帳蓬。

Maṇḍala,【中】圓周,盤,圓月臺,雜技場,圓平面,曼陀羅maṇḍalamāla,【陽】圓形的大帳蓬。maṇḍalika,【形】一個圓周的,小國家的。maṇḍalissara,【陽】省長。maṇḍalī,【形】有盤的,圓形的。

Maṇḍalin(< maṇḍala),【形】1.圓的(circular Th.1, 863 (maṇḍali-pākāra))2.球狀的,圓形的(having a disk, orbed (of the sun) S.I,51=VvA.116.)

Maṇḍita,  [maṇḍeti 裝飾] 的【過】。

Maṇḍuka,【陽】青蛙。

Maṇḍeti (maṇḍ裝飾+e), 裝飾。【過】maṇḍesi。【過maṇḍita。【獨】maṇḍetva

Mata1, (maññati 的【過), 已知道,已明白。【中】觀點。

Mata2, (marati 的【過), 已死。matakicca,【中】辦喪儀式。

Mataka,陽】死者。matakabhatta,【中】拜死人的食物。matakavattha,【中】拜死人的布料。

Mati(<man),【陰】智慧,主意,意思matimantu,【形】明智的。mativippahīna,【形】愚蠢的。

Matta1-matta (majjati 【過), 已醉醺醺,已充滿的歡喜,已沉浸,的量,的程度,僅僅mattahatthī,【陽】被置在凹槽隔離區的象。

Matta2 (madati‘自負 【過),,已爲驕傲,已自負(intoxicated (with), full of joy about (-matta), proud of, conceited)

Matta, (Mattaka), (在【合】中) 的大小,那樣多的,的關係。mattaññū,【形】知道限量的,適度的。mattaññutā,【陰】適量

Matta,【陰】尺寸,量,適度,大小。mattasukha,【中】有限制的快樂。

Mattikā,【陰】泥土,土壤。mattikāpiṇḍa,【陽】一塊泥土。mattikābhājana,【中】陶器(容器)

Mattigha,【陽】弑母。

Matteyya,【形】尊敬母親的。matteyyatā,【陰】對母親的孝順。

Matthaka,【陽】頭,頂端,頂點。【處】在之上,在的距離。

Matthaluga,【中】腦。Sn.v.199.Athassa susira sīsa, matthalugassa pūrita;          Subhato na maññati, bālo avijjāya purakkhato.(頭顱中的窟窿,裝滿腦髓,愚者出於無知,才認為它是好東西。)

Matthu,【中】從凝乳分開出來的清水。

math(math / manth)﹐【字根I.】攪拌(to churn),激起(to stir)

Mathati (math+a), 搖動,攪拌,擾亂。【過】mathi。【過mathita。【獨】mathitvā

Mathana,【中】攪乳,騷動。

mad(mad / mand)﹐【字根III.】被使發狂(to be maddened)

madd(md/ mrad)﹐【字根I.】推進(to press),壓破(to crush)

Mada,【陽】自豪,陶醉,醉,自負,性愛的過度。madanīya,【形】使陶醉的,使執著的。

 

mado

對治憍慢之思惟

1

jātimado生憍(出生自豪)

一切眾生類,有命咸歸死。(cf. T2.335.3)

2

gottamado種姓憍

總是五蘊身,善惡論貴賤

3

ārogyamado無病憍

無病與有病,豈無因果觀

4

yobbanamado年輕憍

老來侵壯色,無有救護者(T2.427.2)

5

jīvitamado長壽憍

無常所侵奪,壽命甚短促(T2.427.2)

6

lābhamado利養憍

芎蕉(=香蕉)結纍死,竹蘆結實亡;

恭敬害鄙人,懷胎騾必死。(S.17.35.)

7

sakkāramado恭敬憍

受恭敬禮拜,持心如大地

8

garukāramado尊重憍

敬重份量法緣更惜珍

9

purekkhāramado尊敬憍

具戒得敬意,更以法為貴

10

parivāramado眷屬憍

一切歸於盡,合集必當散(cf. T2.690.3)

11

bhogamado受用憍

多囤積傢伙,難以簡僕活

12

vaṇṇamado美麗憍

虛有其外表,內心何莊嚴?

*袒裎見青瘀(青瘀屍),俊美皆走樣

13

sutamado聞憍

.離欲.滅盡,始名為多聞(cf. T2.5.3)

14

paibhānamado辯才憍

三寸不爛舌,如何越瀑流?

15

rattaññumado知識憍

不恃己見解,不求他人短

16

piṇḍapātikamado乞食憍

卑下行討食,豈猶存慢心?

17

anavaññātamado()輕視

善圍護身語,更應取寂滅

18

iriyāpathamado威儀憍

橫臥在地下,儀態無萬千

19

iddhimado神通憍

總在輪迴裡,不出魔掌中?

20

yasamado名聲憍

積聚皆銷散,崇高必墮落(T23.654.3)

21

sīlamado戒憍

不以戒憍逸,心寂恒無亂

22

jhānamado禪那憍

寂靜度歲月,猶在輪迴中?

23

sippamado工藝憍

雕蟲之小技,何足以炫耀?

24

ārohamado身高憍

*斷壞相,尺寸皆變樣

25

pariṇāhamado身圍(肥胖)

*散亂相,健壯安在哉?

26

saṇṭhānamado形色憍

身如弱樹枝,豈堪業風吹?

*膨脹相,美體無跡象

27

pāripūrimado圓滿憍

*看斬斫屍,飽滿已消逝

*看食殘屍憍慢立即除

28

mado

我且無有我,有堅實相

*端詳蟲聚樣,豈猶存我相?

*28項「憍」錄自《分別論》(Vbh.345~6.CS:p.359) (釋義見VbhA.p.465~8)

Madati﹐自負(proud of)

Madana,【陽】愛神。【中】1.陶醉。2.磨陀羅果,醉果(大如檳榔,不圓不長)(世尊頭如磨陀羅果, T15.276.3)

Madira,【陰】穀類製成的酒。

Maddati (madd壓破+a), 壓破,踐踏,征服。【過】maddi。【過maddita。【現maddanta。【獨】madditvā, maddiya

Maddana,【中】壓()碎,踩踏,打穀。

Maddava,【中】柔和,溫和,軟的事物。【形】溫和的,文雅的,軟的。

Maddita (maddati 的【過), 已壓破,已征服。

Madhu,【中】()蜜,以寬葉紫荊木花製造的酒。madhukā,【陽】寬葉紫荊木(東印度群島紫荊屬喬木 (Madhuca latifolia),花多蜜,供食用和製作可 致醉的飲料)madhukara,【陽】蜜蜂。madhugaṇḍa, madhupaala,【陽】蜂巢。madhu-gandhika, 摩頭揵提華,蜜香花。madhupa,【陽】蜜蜂,蜂蜜的吸管。madhupiṇḍikā,【陰】混合蜂蜜的麵團。madhubbata,【陽】蜜蜂。madhumakkhita,【形】塗以蜂蜜的。madhumeha,【陽】糖尿病。madhulaṭṭhikā,【陰】甘草,甘草根,由甘草根熬成的精。madhulāja,【陽】混合蜂蜜的油炸玉黍蜀。madhulīha,【陽】蜜蜂。madhussava,【形】有蜂蜜的滴下物。madhūkapuppha,蜜花汁(the flower of Bassia latifolia from which honey is extracted for liquor)

Madhukā,【陰】甘草(LiquoriceGlycyrrhiza)

Madhura,【形】甜的。【中】甜蜜事物。madhuratta,【中】madhuratā,【陰】甜蜜,可愛。madhurassara,【形】有悅耳的聲音的。【陽】悅耳的聲音。

Madhvāsava 【陽】以寬葉紫荊木(Bassia)花製造的酒。

man(man)﹐【字根III.】想(to think),想像(to imagine)。【字根VI.】想(to think)

Mana(manas),【陽】【中】心,意識。..manomana;複.manāmanāni;單..manomanamana;複.manāmanāni;單..manomana;複..manasāmanāni;單..manasāmanena;複..manebhimanehi;單..manasāmanāmanamhāmanasmā;複..manebhimanehi;單..﹑離.manasāmanena;複..﹑離.manebhimanehi;單..﹑屬.manassamanaso;複..﹑屬.manāna;單.manasimanemanamhimanasmi;複..manesu

Manasa,【形】心的(der. mānasa, mānasa- & manassa, manassa-)。《法集論》:在此時什麽是意處?凡是在此時的1心、2意、3有意(意圖)4心臟、5淨意、7意處、8意根、9識、10識蘊、11、相屬於的意識界,在此時是意處。(Dhs.#65.Katama tasmi samaye manāyatana hoti? Ya tasmi samaye 1citta 2mano 3mānasa 4hadaya 5paṇḍara 6mano 7manāyatana 8manindriya 9viññāṇa 10viññāṇakkhandho 11tajjāmanoviññāṇadhātu--ida tasmi samaye manāyatana hoti.)有分作為「意根」(manindriya)作用;「意根」有時作「有分意界」(bhavaga manodhātu)

kāyena vācāya manasā, 以身語意。nibbānamanaso, 傾向涅槃的心(of Sn.942 at SnA 567 by nibbāna-ninna-citto. )yathā-manena, 誠懇(“from his heart,” i. e. sincerely, voluntarily DhA.I,42)mana uppādeti, 作決定(to make up one’s mind, to resolve DhA.II,140 (cp. citt’uppāda); mana karoti)

Manakkāra, manasikāra,【陽】考慮、作意、固定思想(attention, pondering, fixed thought)《廣釋》(CS:p.106):「作,用心作作意,它採集心的所緣。」Karaa kāro, manasmi kāro manasikāro, so cetaso ārammae samannāhāralakkhao.D.28.-5/III,86.Manasā sakharīyantīti manosakhārā, vedanāsaññā.(使諸意聚精會神,為作意(含有)受、想。)因此,一般的思維活動可以稱為「作意」。

Manasānupekkhita, 諸意熟慮。

Manatā,【陰】(在【合】中) 心理。attamanatā (atta+mana+tā)=心的可意性

Manana,【中】思考。

Manasikaroti (manasi+kar+o), 緊記,考慮。【過】manasikari。【過manasikata。【現manasironta。【獨】manasikatvāmanasikaritvā。【義】manasikātabba

Mana,【無】幾乎,某物。

Manāpa, manāpika,【形】令人喜愛的,迷人的。manāpāmanāpa paccanubhoti, 經驗喜與不喜(之事)

Manuja,【陽】人類。manujādhipa, manujinda,【陽】人中之王,國王。

Manuñña(manojña) (=manorama),【形】令人愉快的,愉快的。

Manussa (< manus, cp. Vedic manuya),【陽】人類。manussatta,【中】人身(S.56.47./V,456.manussatta)manussabhāva,【陽】人類的狀態。manussabhūta,【形】已成爲人者。manussaloka,【陽】人類的世界。manussasaññā﹐人想(心中懷著關於人之念頭)Ye assu darathā gāmasañña paicca, te’dha na santi; ye assu darathā manussasañña paticca, te’dha na santi.(若由於村想而有任何憂患,現在無那些;若由人想而有任何憂患,現在無那些。) KhA.123.Manuno apaccāti manussā. Porāṇā pana bhaanti-- manaso ussannatāya manussā.(摩奴(Manu)的子孫為人類(manussā)。然而古人說:「由於意的增盛為人類。)

Manussā,【陰】人類。sadevamanussāya, 包括天與人(f.s.Ins.)

Manesikā,【陰】讀心術(thought-reading)

Mano (mana 的【合】的詞形) manokamma,【中】意業。manojava,【形】如心意一般地迅速。manoduccarita,【中】惡意。manodvāra,【中】意門。manodhātu,【陰】(十八界的)意界。manopadosa,【陽】惡意。manopasāda,【陽】信仰的心意。manopubbagama,【形】心意所領導的。manomaya,【形】心造的((AA.1.14.)manomayanti manena nibbattita.(意所造:已於心產生。))manoratha,【陽】心願。manorama,【形】令人愉快的。manoviññāṇa,【中】意識。manoviññeyya,【形】由心意去瞭解的。manovitakka,【陽】心思。manohara,【形】迷人的。manomaya kāya﹐意生天。“ka pana tva, Udāyi, manomaya kāya paccesī”ti?  “Ye te, bhante, devā arūpino saññāmayā”ti.(世尊向烏陀夷說:)「烏陀夷!你以為意生天是什麼?」(烏陀夷答:)「大德!他們是想所成就之無色諸天。」

Manodvārāvajjanacitta【中】意門轉向心能夠生起於五門或意門心路過程(cittavīthi)。當它在五門心路過程裡,隨推度心之後生起,它稱為「確定心」(votthapanacitta);其作用是確定或鑑別五識之一剛識知的目標。

Manodhātu﹐【陰】(八界的)意界。《阿毘達摩義廣釋》(Vibhv.CS:p.121)Manoviññāṇadhātuyā viya visiṭṭhamananakiccāyogato mananamattā dhātūti manodhātu. 《法集論注》(DhsA.CS:p.305) 455. Manodhātuniddese sabhāvasuññatanissattaṭṭhena manoyeva dhātu manodhātu.

Manobhāvanīya (mano+bhāvanīya修習的),意修習的。Bodhi worthy  of  esteem (值得尊敬的)Manobhāvanīyānanti manavaḍḍhakāna.Yesu hi diṭṭhesu kusalavasena citta vaḍḍhati, te sāriputtamoggallānādayo mahātherā manobhāvanīyā nāma.(意修習的()意增長。在知見上,善心增長。稱呼舍利弗、目犍連大上座為意修習的。)SA.22.1./II,250.(=AA.6.27.)manobhāvanīyassāti ettha mana bhāveti vaḍḍhetīti manobhāvanīyo.(意修習:此處,修習意,增長意,稱為意修習)

Manomayā, 【陽..主】【形】心意所生。AA.1.14.manomayanti manena nibbattita.(心意所生:已於心產生。)

Manosilā,【陰】雄黃(red arsenic,二硫化二砷S2AS2,又稱:石黃、雞冠石、黃金石,是礦物中藥)

mant﹐【字根VII.】討論(to discuss)

-mant, -mat﹐【結尾】。具有之意。pāpimant惡、波旬。

Manta,【中】吉祥物,符咒,訣語。mantajjhāyaka,【形】學習神聖咒語的人。Mantadhara tiṇṇa vedāna pāragū sanighaṇḍuketubhāna sākkharappabhedāna itihāsapañcamāna padako veyyākarao.(持真言,通達三吠陀又及語彙、儀軌、音韻律(或語源論)、第五史傳,通文句,通文法。

Mantana,【中】mantanā,【陰】請教,討論。

Mantī,【陽】議員,部長。mantinī,【陰】女議員。

Mantu,【陽】想像的人。

Manteti (mant+e), 1.商量,採取商(2nd pl. imper. mantavho, as compared with mantayavho; Sn.p. 107 (=talk privately to); mantayitvāna ger.; imper. mantayatha; aor. mantayisu)2.考慮(grd. mantayitabba & inf. mantayitu)3.勸告(=kathemi kittayāmi PvA.225)。【過】mantesi。【過mantita。【現mantenta, mantayamāna,【獨】mantetvā。【不】mantetu

manth﹐【字根I.】攪拌(to churn)

Mantha(< math),【陽】攪乳棍,乾餅,炒過的玉黍蜀麵粉(a churning stick, a sort of rice-cake (=satthu) Vin.I,4,)

Manthara,【陽】龜。

Manda,【形】1.慢的,遲鈍的,懶惰的,愚蠢的。2.柔和的(mandakkhin, mandalocana, having lovely (soft) eyes關愛的眼神)。【中】稍微。mandatā,【陰】mandatta,【中】減少的狀態,緩慢,愚蠢。manda, mandamanda,【副】慢慢地,漸漸地。mandapaññā, 鈍慧()

Mandākinī,【陰】曼陀吉尼(喜瑪拉雅七大湖之一和一條河的名字)

Mandāmukhī,【陰】煤斗(coal-pan)

Mandāra,【陽】曼陀羅山(山名)

Mandārava(cp. Sk. mandāra),【陽】曼陀羅花、文陀羅華、圓華、適意花(the coral tree, Erythrina fulgens. 天界五種樹之一)

Mandiya(cp. Sk. māndya),【中】,1.懈怠(laziness, slackness S.I,110.)2.愚蠢(dullness of mind, stupidity J.III.38 (=manda-bhāva).)

Mandira(cp. late Sk. mandira),【中】大廈,宮殿(a house, edifice, palace)

Mamakāra(mama (=mama)+kāra, mama-kāra磨磨迦羅),【陽】mamatta,【中】mamāyanā,【陰】自私的執著(selfish attachment, self-interest, selfishness)

Mamāyati (mama 的【派】, cp. Sk. mamāyate), 被執著,珍愛。【過】mamāyi。【過mamāyita。【現mamāyanta。【獨】mamāyitvā

Mamma, mammaṭṭhāna(Vedic marman, fr. md),【中】身體的要點,神經中心(soft spot of the body, a vital spot (in the Vedas chiefly between the ribs near the heart)mammaghaṭṭana, 打擊要點(hitting a vital spot (of speech, i. e. backbiting. cp. piṭṭhi-masika))mammacchedaka,【形】具有傷害性的,非常粗糙的。

Mammana,【形】有口吃的人(stammering, stuttering)

-maya﹐【形】接尾詞,由所造的,由所成的。

Maya (amha 的【主.複】), 我們。

Mayūkha,【陽】光線(a ray of light)

Mayūra(Vedic mayūra),【陽】孔雀(peacock)

mar(m)﹐【字根I.】死(to die)

Maraa(<mar(m)),【中】死亡。maraakāla,【陽】死時(Vibhv.p.144Maraakāleti maraṇāsannakāle.死時︰臨死之際)maraacetanā,【陰】意圖死亡(intention of death DhA.I,20.)maraadhamma,【形】死法。maraanta, maraapariyosāna,【形】死爲尾端的最後是死的。maraabhaya,【中】怕死。maraamañcaka,【陽】死床。maraamukha,【中】死魔的嘴。marasati,【陰】念死(禪修法)maraasamaya,【陽】臨終(the time of death)maraṇānussati,【陰】死隨念(禪修法mindfulness of death)akālamaraa﹐非時死(橫死,因斷業而死)khaikamaraa, 突然死(sudden death Vism.229)maraanta, 死王作結束(having death as its end (of jīvita) Dh.148 (cp. DhA.II,366: maraa-sakhāto antako)maraapariyosana, 死亡為終結(ending in death (of jīvita, life) DhA.III,111, 170)maraapāra, 死的另一邊( “the other side of death,” Np. at Nd1 154 (vv. ll. BB purāpura; SS parammukha). --maraabhaya, 死怖(the fear of death J.I,203; VI,398; Vbh.367. --maraabhojana, 死前最後一餐(food given before death, the last meal J.I,197; II,420. )kāyassa bhedā param maraṇā身壞命終。kāyassa bhedā ucchijjati vinassati, na hoti para maraṇā﹐身體壞了、滅絕、消失,死後無有(身壞命終,更無所有)mtyu-rāja(), 【陽】死王(閻羅王)kālamaraa﹐適時死(業盡(即福盡);壽命盡;福與壽命俱盡而死)

Marati (mar(m)+a), 死。【過】mari。【過mata。【現maranta, maramāna。【義】maritabba。【獨】maritvā。【不】maritu

Marica,【中】胡椒粉,紅辣椒。

Mariyādā,【陰】邊界,界限。

Marīci,【陰】光線,海市蜃樓(mirage)marīcikā,【陰】海市蜃樓。marīcidhamma,【形】等於海市蜃樓(幻法),無實質的。

Maru,【陰】沙,荒沙地。【陽】神。

Marumba,【中】小圓石,小鵝卵石。

marj(mj) ﹐【字根I.(to wipe)

Mala,【中】雜質,污染,鏽,污垢,(家畜的)糞。malatara,【形】更骯髒的,比較不純的。

Malina, malinaka,【形】骯髒的,沾染的,不純的。【中】雜質。

Malla,【陽】摔交選手,末羅 (Malla) 氏族的男人。mallayuddha,【中】摔交競賽。

Mallaka,【陽】容器(即:杯、缽、碗、痰盂等)

Mallikā,【陰】茉莉(Arabian jasmine芳香的白色花)

mas(mṛś)﹐【字根I.】接觸(to touch)

Masāragalla,【中】一種寶石(cat’s eye貓眼石〔常磨成圓形,從內部發出蛋白色光 的寶石金綠寶石或玉髓)

Masi,【陽】煙灰,炭灰。

Massu,【中】鬍鬚。massuka,【形】有鬍鬚的。massukamma, massukaraa,【中】修剪鬍鬚。

mah﹐【字根I.】參加禮拜(to worship)

Maha,【陽】宗教性的節日。

Mahaggata,【形】變大的,高的。

Mahaggha,【形】非常昂貴的。mahagghatā,【陰】高價。

Mahagghasa,【形】多吃的,暴食的。

Mahannava,【陽】大海洋。

Mahati (mah禮拜+a), 尊敬,崇敬。【過】mahi。【過mahita。【獨】mahitvā

Mahatta,【中】大。

Mahaddhana,【形】有大財富的。

Mahanīya,【形】品格高尚的人。

Mahanta,【形】很棒的,大的,廣大的。(mahantī, mahatī 【陰】,Mahatī parisā大眾(大的群體)), mahantatara,【形】比較棒的,更大的,更廣大的。mahantatā,【陰】mahantabhāva,【陽】大。

Mahaṇṇava,【陽】大海洋。

Mahapphala,【形】有大果報的。

Mahabbala,【形】有大力量的,有強烈的力量的。【中】大力量,大軍隊。

Mahabbhaya,【中】大恐懼。

Mahallaka,【形】老的,古舊的。【陽】老人。mahallakatara,【形】比較老的,更老的。mahallikā,【陰】老女人。mahallakitthiyo, f.pl.Nom.諸老女人。SA.1.54.puttā vatthūti mahallakakāle paijagganaṭṭhena puttā patiṭṭhā.(子乃人宅地︰老年階段依靠兒子立足。)

Mahā (複合詞中 mahanta 改成 mahā, 尾母音 ā 時常被弄短)mahupāsaka,【陽】大優婆塞(佛陀的大信徒)mahupāsikā,【陰】大優婆夷(大女信徒)mahākaruṇā,【陰】大悲。mahākāya,【形】有肥胖的身體,有大身體的。mahāgaa,【陽】大團體。mahāgaṇī,【陽】有許多追隨者。mahāggata(mahaggata citta), 【陽】廣大心(大至心=色、無色界心)mahājana,【陽】公衆。mahātaha,【形】大貪(非常貪婪的)mahātala,【中】在宮殿的頂端上的大平坦的屋頂。mahādhana,【中】大財富。mahānaraka, mahāniraya,【陽】大地獄。mahānasa,【中】廚房。mahānubbāva,【形】大權威的。mahāpañña,【形】大智慧的(非常明智的)mahāpatha,【陽】大道路。mahātāpana﹐大燃燒地獄,八大地獄之一。mahāpitu,【陽】伯父。mahāpurisa,【陽】大人。mahābhūta,【中】四大元素(地、水、火、風)mahābhoga,【形】有大財富的。mahāmati,【陽】大智慧者。mahāmatta, mahāmacca,【陽】大臣,宰相,首席部長(唐朝宰相一般有數人擔任,多時曾達十餘人,其中有一位是首席宰相)mahāmuni,【陽】大牟尼。mahāmegha,【陽】大雨。mahāyañña, mahāyāga,【陽】大犧牲。mahāyasa,【形】大名望。mahāraha,【形】最寶貴的。mahārāja,【陽】大王(印度還有稱為︰devaputra天子、ajātiraja不世出之王)mahāroruva﹐大號叫地獄,八大地獄之一。mahālatāpasādhana,【中】(佩帶在淑女身上的全套首飾被稱爲)「大蔓草」。mahāsatta,【陽】大衆生,大有情。mahāsamudda,【陽】大海。mahāsara,【中】大湖。mahāsāra, mahāsāla,【形】有大財富的。mahāsāvaka,【陽】大弟子。A.7.62./IV,101.舉七大湖︰Anotattā, Sīhapapātā, Rathakārā, Kaṇṇamuṇḍā, Kuṇālā, Chaddantā, Mandākiniyā.(阿耨達、    斯呵波達、羅達迦拉、勘納文達、俱納拉、荼坦達、曼那吉尼。)

Mahācora,【陽】大盜。Pārā.III,90.aya aggo mahācoro yo asanta abhūta uttarimanussadhamma ullapati.(這是頂尖的大盜(五大盜之最頂尖)︰凡是未得寂靜、未得上人法,卻自己宣稱。)

Mahājanapada,【陽】大國。soasanna mahājanapadāna, 十六大國。A.8.43./IV,256.Seyyathāpi, Visākhe, yo imesa soasanna mahājanapadāna pahūtarattaratanāna issariyādhipacca rajja kāreyya, seyyathida–Agāna Magadhāna Kāsīna Kosalāna Vajjīna Mallāna Cetīna Vagāna Kurūna Pañcālāna Macchāna Sūrasenāna Assakāna Avantīna Gandhārāna Kambojāna, aṭṭhagasamannāgatassa uposathassa eta kala nāgghati soasi.(毘舍佉!譬如有人,有多七寶之十六大國,謂:鴦伽、摩竭陀、迦尸、拘薩羅、跋耆、末羅、支提、跋蹉、拘樓、般闍羅、婆蹉、戌囉西那、阿說迦、阿般提(阿槃提)、乾陀羅(犍陀羅)、劍洴沙,君臨為王,不如八分成就布薩之十六分之一。)

Mahāyāna﹐【中】大乘(佛教),大乘是佛陀滅度後四五百年間才崛起的新教派,對原始佛教的教義有新的詮釋及看法,有時會完全顛覆舊說,創立新思想。《大乘莊嚴經論》卷第十二:「若具足七種大義說為大乘。一者緣大。由無量修多羅等廣大法為緣故。二者行大。由自利利他行皆具足故。三者智大。由人法二無我一時通達故。四者勤大。由三大阿僧祇劫無間修故。五者巧大。由不捨生死而不染故。六者果大。由至得力無所畏不共法故。七者事大。由數數示現大菩提大涅槃故。」(T31.654.3)

Mahikā,【陰】霜。

Mahiccha(mahā+iccha渴望),【形】貪婪的。mahicchatā,【陰】貪欲(【反】appicchatā知足)

Mahita, (mahati 的【過) 尊敬,崇敬。

Mahiddhika,【形】大神通力。D.16./II,72.“Aha hime Vajjī evamahiddhike evamahānubhāve ucchecchāmi(or ucchejjāmi, or ucchijjāmi) Vajjī, vināsessāmi Vajjī, anayabyasana āpādessāmi Vajjī”ti(那些跋耆人雖有如是大神力、大威力,我欲伐之,我欲根絕跋耆人,我欲令跋耆人滅亡,我欲令跋耆人破滅。」)

Mahinda,【陽】摩(人名),大因陀(神的領袖,大神王)

Mahilā,【陰】女人。

Mahisa,【陽】水牛。mahisamaṇḍala,【中】摩醯沙慢陀羅國(國名,印度的邁索爾市 (Mysore))

Mahissara,【陽】大君主,自在神 (Issara)

Mahī,【陰】地(摩希,即:大者),摩醯河(河名)mahītala,【中】地面。mahīdhara,【陽】山。mahīpati, mahīpāla,【陽】國王。mahīruha,【陽】樹。

Mahesakkha,【形】有影響的,有大力量的。

Mahesi (mahā+isi),【陽】大仙(大修行者﹐in poetry for mahesi)

Mahesī,【陰】皇后。

Mahogha,【陽】大洪水。

Mahodadhi,【陽】大海。

Mahodara,【形】有大肚子的。

Mahoraga (梵巴同),【陽】摩睺羅伽、莫呼勒伽、摩休洛、摩伏勒。意譯作大蟒神、大蟒蛇。

Masa,【中】肉。masapesi。【陰】肉片,肉臠masapuñja,【陽】肉堆。M.55./I,369.“Tīhi kho aha, Jīvaka, hānehi masa paribhoganti vadāmi. Adiṭṭha, asuta, aparisakita.”(耆婆迦!我說三種狀態可受用肉:即不見(不見殺)、不聞(不聞殺)、無疑(無疑為我殺)(即三淨肉))世尊禁止比丘吃十種肉:人(manussa),象(hatthi),馬(assa),狗(sunakha),蛇(ahi),獅(sīha),虎(byaggha)(dīpi)(accha) 鬣狗(taraccha,土狼)(Vin.Mv.218~220)。世尊允許吃三淨肉,第一、眼不見殺,第二、耳不聞殺,第三、不為己所殺。後代傳說,食肉之人,有十種過失︰斷大慈種;眾生聞氣悉皆驚怖逃走遠離;睡眠亦苦起時亦苦,若於夢中見種種惡,驚怖毛豎心常不安,無慈心故乏諸善力。此皆非佛陀所說。

Mā(cp. Vedic mā), (否定詞)勿、莫、不應(prohibition particle: not, do not, let us hope not)達否定的命令、勸告,常配合aor.mā evaṁ akattha, 不要這樣(do not thus DhA.I,7)abhaṇi, 勿說(speak not Pv.I.33)cintayittha, 勿憂慮(do not worry DhA.I,12)parihāyi, 勿衰退(I hope he will not go short (or be deprived) of…M.I,444)bhāyi, 勿怖(fear not J.II.159; mā mariṁsu, 勿死(I hope they will not die J.III.55; mā (te) rucci may it not please (you), i. e. please do not Vin.II,198)mā evaṁ ruccitth, 勿死(id. DhA.I,13)2. with imper.:gaccha, 勿去(J.I.152)detha, 勿施(J.III.275)ghāta, 勿殺(do not kill: see māghāta)3. with pot.:anuyuñjetha, (Dh.27)bhuñjetha, 勿吃(let him not eat Mhvs 25, 113)vadetha, 勿說(J.VI.364)4. with indic. pres)paṭilabhati, (A.V,194. -- A peculiar use is found in phrase ānemi mā ānemi, (shall I bring it or not? J.VI.334)5. mā=na (simple negation) in māsakkhimhā, 我們不能(we could not Vin.III,23)

mā(mā)﹐【字根I.】測量(to measure)

Mā,【陽】(the short form of māsa)

Māgadha, Māgadhaka,【形】摩揭陀國的。Māgadhī,【陰】摩揭陀國的語言。

Māgavika,【陽】獵人(捕鹿者)

Māgasira,【陽】摩揭斯喇月(月名,大約十一月至十二月之間,農曆10161115)

Māgha,【陽】摩伽月(月名,大約一月至二月之間,農曆1216115)

Māghāta,【陽】禁殺令(不可殺生的旨令)

Māṇava(cp. Sk. māṇava),【陽】年輕人(a youth, young man, esp. a young Brahmin)

Māṇavaka(<fr. māṇava), 年輕人。nāgamāṇavaka﹐﹐年輕的蛇māṇavikā, māṇavī,【陰】年輕未婚女子nāgamāṇavaka年輕的雌蛇(a young female serpent)

Mātaga,【陽】象,賤民。

Mātalī,【陽】摩多梨(因陀神的戰車禦者的名字)

Mātāpitu,【陽】父母,母親和父親。A.2.4./I,62.Yo ca kho, bhikkhave, mātāpitaro assaddhe saddhāsampadāya samādapeti niveseti patiṭṭhāpeti, dussīle sīlasampadāya samādapeti niveseti patiṭṭhāpeti, maccharī cāgasampadāya samādapeti niveseti patiṭṭhāpeti, duppaññe paññāsampadāya samādapeti niveseti patiṭṭhāpeti, ettāvatā kho, bhikkhave, mātāpitūna katañca hoti paikatañcā”ti.(比丘們!凡是父母不信,為了〔使父母〕具足信,勸導之,令入〔信〕,令住〔信〕;〔父母〕慳悋,為了〔使父母〕具足施捨,勸導之,令入〔施捨〕,令住〔施捨〕;〔父母〕惡慧,勸導之,令入〔正慧〕,令住〔正慧〕。比丘們!〔作到〕此程度,已對父母盡了贍養。)

Mātāpettika,【形】來自父親和母親的。mātāpettibhara,【形】贍養父母的。

Mātāmaha,【陽】外公。mātāmahī,【陰】外婆。

Mātika,【形】和母親連接的。

Mātikā(mātkā),【陰】水道,河道,目次(本母),音譯:摩怛理迦mātikādhara﹐憶持論母的人,持論母師。《順正理論》卷一(T29.330)中說明「摩怛理迦」(mātkā),舉四念處、四正勤等三十七道品等為首的法數為例,並說:「及《集異門》、《法蘊》、《施設》,如是等類,一切總謂摩怛理迦。」。而且在《順正理論》(T29.595)中,說明十二分教的「論議」(upadeśa),認為「論議」便是摩怛理迦,並視同阿毗達磨。《阿育王傳》卷四(T50.113.3)也以「摩得勒伽藏」表示論藏。

Mātipakkha,【陽】母系。

Mātu(mātar),- mātu,【陰】母親。單..mātā;複.mātaro;單..mātamātāmāte();複.mātaro;單..mātara;複..mātaremātāro;單..﹑離.mātarāmātuyā;複..﹑離.mātarehimātarebhimātūbhimātūhi;單..﹑屬.mātuyāmātu;複..﹑屬.mātarānamātānamātūna;單..mātarimātuyāmātuya;複..mātaresumātūsumātukucchi,【陽】母胎。mātugāma,【陽】女人,女人家。mātughāta,【陽】弑母。mātughātaka,【陽】弑母。mātupaṭṭhāna,【中】孝順母親(照料母親)mātuposaka,【形】贍養母親的。mātito,【離.單】由母系(by the mother’s side)ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca sajsuddha-gahaiko yāva sattamā pitāmahā-yugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jāti-vādena.(父母兩方血統純淨,(上溯至)第七代祖先時代確實無混雜,論血統無可指責。

Mātucchā( mātṛ-ṣvasā),【陰】姨母(母親的姊妹mother’s sister, maternal aunt)mātucchā-putta, 姨母的兒子(aunt’s son, male first cousin (from mother’s sister’s side))

Mātula(Sk. mātula),【陽】舅父(a mother’s brother, an uncle) mātuladhītā, 舅父的女兒(uncle’s daughter, female first cousin (from mother’s brother’s side)

Mātulaka,【陽】舅父=mātula DhA.I,182.

Mātulānī(Sk. mātulānī),【陰】舅母。(a mother’s brother’s wife, an aunt)

Mātuluga(Sk. mātulunga),【中】香櫞樹(critron一種多刺的常綠灌木或小樹 (Citrus medica),原産於印度,果實在外表和結梗上類似於檸檬,但比檸檬更大和沒有頂乳頭) (=mella; v. l. bella)

Mādisa(Sk. mādṛś & mādṛśa, ma+ dṛś),【形】像我的(one like me)

mān﹐【字根VII.】授與榮譽、尊敬(to honour)

Māna, māṇa,【中】測量,度量。mānakūṭa,【陽】錯誤的尺寸。

Māna,【陽】自豪,自負()慢,貢高mānatthaddha,【形】自傲頑固的(死愛面子)mānada,【形】激發尊敬的。

Mānatta﹐摩那埵,謂於大眾面前告白懺悔之治罪法。pakkhamānatta caritabba(行半月摩那埵),指犯僧殘(重罪)之比丘尼必須在比丘、比丘尼兩部眾之間接受半月的摩那埵。

Mānana,【中】敬禮,尊敬。

Mānasa,【中】心意,意圖。【形】(在【合】中) 有意圖的。

Mānita[māneti尊敬] 的【過】。

Mānī,【陽】驕傲的人。

Mānusa,【形】人。【陽】男人。mānusaka,【形】人。mānusī,【陰】女人。Ratanasuttametta karotha mānusiyā pajāya, ()人類的子孫散播慈愛。

Māneti (man+e), 尊敬,崇敬,看重,器重。【過】mānesi。【現mānenta。【獨】mānetvā

Māpaka,【陽】造物主,建設者。

Māpita (māpeti 的【過), 已産生。

Māpeti (mā+āpe), 建立,構造,産生,神變(以神通力變出)。【過】māpesi。【獨】māpetvā

Māmaka(<mama, lit. “mine” ),【形】專心於的,親愛的(one who shows affection (not only for himself), making one’s own, i.e. devoted to, loving)

Māyā,【陰】欺騙(deceptive appearance, fraud),僞善( hypocrisy)。《清淨道論》(Vism.107)把誑歸屬於貪,但以覆藏相來看,它可歸屬於瞋;AA.2.16./II,163.一切慳相,作覆藏相,稱為。」Ta sabbampi maccharāyanalakkhaa. Katapaicchādanalakkhaṇā māyā. )māyā vuccati vañcanikā cariyā.(欺騙的行爲稱為欺騙)(Nd1 422)māyākāra,【陽】變戲法者。māyāvī,【形】騙人的,僞善的,魔術家。sahā māyāvino﹐狡詐欺矇S.42.13./IV,342.Māya cāha, gāmai, pajānāmi, māyāya ca vipāka, yathāpaipanno ca māyāvī kāyassa bhedā para maraṇā apāya duggati vinipāta niraya upapajjati tañca pajānāmi”.((婆多利耶)村長(Pāṭaliyo gāmai)!倘若我知道於幻,幻的果,也知道施幻術,身壞命終之後,墮於無幸處、惡趣、險難處、地獄。)sambarimāyā﹐參婆羅幻術(可令持誦者墮地獄)

Māra(< m, later Vedic, māra killing, destroying, bringing death, pestilence)【陽】魔王,弊魔,撒旦,死亡的化身(death; usually personified as Np. Death, the Evil one, the Tempter)mārakāyika,【形】魔天的。māradheyya,【中】魔界。mārabandhana,【中】死亡的腳鐐。mārasenā,【陰】魔軍。SA.4.1./I,169.Māro pāpimāti attano visaya atikkamitu paipanne satte māretīti māro. Pāpe niyojeti, saya vā pāpe niyuttoti pāpimā.  Aññānipissa kaho, adhipati, vasavattī, antako, namuci, pamattabandhūti-ādīni bahūni nāmāni.(魔波旬︰殺害邁向超越自己的境界的有情稱為 刺激作惡,或自己參與作惡,稱為波旬。也有許多別的名字,如︰黑仔、統治者、權威者、終極者、魔王、放逸的親屬等。)

Māraka,【形】帶來死亡的,殺人者。

Māraa(<caus. māreti),【中】殺,屠殺,屠宰(killing, slaughter, death)

Mārāpana,【中】令人被殺。

Mārāpeti (mareti 的【使】), 使被殺。【過】mārāpesi。【過mārāpita。【獨】mārāpetvā。【現mārāpenta

Mārita, (māreti 的【過)

Mārisa,【形】(只在【處】) 爵士,先生,閣下。SA.1.1./I,17.Mārisāti devatāna piyasamudācāravacanameta.(‘是諸天人的親切表示的(稱呼)語言。)

Māruta,【陽】風。

Māreti (mar+e), 殺。【過】māresi。【現mārenta。【獨】māretvā。【不】māretu

Māretu,【陽】兇手。

Māla, mālaka,【陽】圓圍牆的場地,圓院子。

Mālatī,【陰】大花素馨(great-flowered jasmine Jātisumanā)

Mālā(cp. Epic Sk. mālā),【陰】花環,花圈,花,一串(garland, wreath, chaplet; collectively=flowers)mālākamma,【中】花環手工,壁畫。mālākāra,【陽】製造花環者,花匠。mālāgaccha,【陽】開花植物。mālāgua,【陽】一串花。mālāgua,【中】花叢。mālācumbaaka,【陽】花冠〔戴在頭上的 花串〕。mālādāma,【陽】花串。mālādhara,【形】戴著花環的。mālādhārī, mālābhārī,【形】戴著花圈的。mālāpua,【陽】花的容器。mālāvaccha,【中】花圃,多花的床。DA.1./I,77.Mālādīsu mālāti ya kiñci puppha. Gandhanti ya kiñci gandhajāta. Vilepananti chavirāgakaraa. Tattha piandhanto dhāreti nāma, ūnaṭṭhāna pūrento maṇḍeti nāma, gandhavasena chavirāgavasena ca sādiyanto vibhūseti nāma. hāna vuccati kāraa. (花鬘(mālā)為任何種類的花()︰任何的香粉。此中,為打扮裝飾之說。若是淡妝的話,也是一樣使用香粉塗皮膚妝扮。化妝品︰塗染皮膚的原料。)

Mālika, Mālī,【形】1.有花環的,有花的。2.(人名)勝鬘夫人,為舍衛城波斯匿王之女,母名末利。

Mālinī,【陰】女人戴著花環。

Māluta,【陽】風。

Māluvā,【陰】一種攀緣植物,生長在樹上而慢慢地破壞那棵樹。Māluvāsipāṭikā,葛之果皮(葛藤子)

Mālūra,【陽】孟加拉蘋果樹( Billa)

Mālya,【中】花環。

Māsa1(cp. Vedic māsa, & mās),【陽】【中】一個月(a month)māsasika,【形】每個月都發生的,一個月一次的。印度月份相當於中國農曆月份:Citta=216~315Vesākha=316~415 Jeṭṭha=416~515Āsāḷha=516~615Sāvaa=616~715Poṭṭhapāda= 716~815Assayuja=816~915Kattika=916~1015Māgasira=1016~1115Phussa=1116~1215Māgha=1216~115Phagguna=116~215addhamāsa,半月。sukka-pakkha, 白分(白月,陰曆初一至十五日,由月盈至滿)kaha-pakkha, 黑分(黑月,自陰曆十六日至二九或三十日(印度則說黑月一日至十四或十五日),由月虧至晦)antotemāse, 在三個月內。

āsāḷhi-māsa VvA 307 (=gimhāna pacchima māsa); pl. dve māsā PvA 34 (read māse); cattāro gimhāna-māsā KhA 192 (of which the 1st is Citra, otherwise called Pahama-gimha “1st summer” and Bāla-vasanta “premature spring”). -- Instr. pl. catūhi māsehi Miln. 82; PvA I.1012. -- Acc. pl. as adv.: dasamāse 10 months J I.52; bahu-māse PvA 135; also nt. chammāsāni 6 months S III.155. Freq. Acc. sg. collectively: a period of . . ., e. g. temāsaṁ(=temāsī?) 3 months DhsA 15; PvA 20; catu° DA I.83; PvA 96; satta° PvA 20; dasa° PvA 63; aḍḍha° a fortnight Vin IV.117. -- On māsa (& f. māsī), as well as shortened form °ma see puṇṇa.
  --pu
ṇṇatā fullness or completion of the month DA I.140; --matta (adv.) for the duration of a month PvA 19.

Māsa2(Vedic māṣa, Phaseolus indica, closely related to another species: mudga Phaseolus mungo), 【陽】菜豆、綠豆(一種直立灌木狀一年生豆類 (Phaseolus aureus),可能原産印度,現廣泛栽培於溫暖地區,作綠肥或飼料,種子可食,通常綠色或黃色,是中國烹調中豆芽的主要原料)(a beanPhaseolus indica or radiata); usually combd with mugga. Also used as a weight (or measure?) in dhañña-māsa, which is said to be equal to 7 lice: VbhA 343pl. māse Vv 806 (=māsa-sassāni VvA 310)odaka bean-water KhA 237khetta a field of beans VvA 808; VvA 308-bīja bean-seed DhA III.212-vana plantation J V.37 (+mugga°).

Māsa3(identical with māsa2), 摩沙()(a small coin=māsaka) (satta māsā=satta māsakā C.).

Māsaka,【陽】直譯:摩沙迦(當時的錢幣)。規定偷竊五摩沙迦(古譯:五錢)或五摩沙迦以上的物品構成死罪,是比照印度摩揭陀當時的國法。佛陀時代摩揭陀國以偷五「摩沙迦」以上判處死刑。「五摩沙迦」到底值多少?Vin.Pārā.p.64.說︰一把米,一把綠豆,一把蠶豆,一把胡麻,都是判為「波羅夷」,亦即值「五摩沙迦」以上。五個摩沙迦相當於一個pāda。《五分律》《四分律》《十誦律》皆譯為「錢」,《僧祇律》譯為「分」。aḍḍhamāsaka【陽】半分錢。

Māsi,【陰】一個月

mi﹐【字根V.】測量(to measure)

Miga,【陽】畜牲,四腳動物,鹿。migachāpaka, migapotaka,【陽】小鹿。migatahikā,【陰】海市蜃樓。migadāya,【陽】鹿園。migamada,【陽】麝香鹿。migamātukā,【陰】鼷鹿(原産於中非、印度 和東南亞的熱帶雨林區的幾種〔水鼷鹿屬或鼷鹿屬〕動物中任何一種,該 動物小而似鹿且無角亦稱鼠鹿)migaluddaka,【陽】捕鹿獵人。migava,【中】狩獵。

Miginda (miga畜牲+inda),【陽】畜牲之王,獅子。

Migī,【陰】雌鹿。

Micchatta,【中】謊言。

Micchā,【無】不真實,謊言,錯誤的,錯誤地,邪。micchābhinivesa(傾向),【陽】邪執。micchākammanta,【陽】邪業。micchāgahaa,【中】錯誤的觀念。micchācāra,【陽】錯誤的行爲。micchācārī,【形】錯誤地舉止者。micchādiṭṭhi,【陰】邪見,異端。micchāpaihita,【形】誤導的。micchāvācā,【陰】邪語。micchāvāyāma,【陽】邪精進。micchājīva﹐【陽】邪命(錯誤的生計方式)micchāsakappa,【陽】思維。kāmesu micchācāra邪欲。《分別善惡報應經》卷下:「邪欲報有十種。何等為十?一欲心熾盛。二妻不貞良。三不善增長。四善法消滅。五男女縱逸。六資財密散。七心多疑慮。八遠離善友。九親族不信。十命終三塗。」(T1.899.2)《雜阿含500經》說四種邪命食。下口adhomukha(adho+mukha口﹑面)。即臉部朝下,或丟臉。下口食,指不托鉢乞食而自耕作營生,沙門的四邪命食之一。仰口ubbhamukha),即仰臉、抬頭。仰口食,以仰觀星宿、日月、風雨、雷電、霹靂之術數學求衣食,而自活命,沙門的四邪命食之一。方口disāmukha。即臉朝四方。方口食,指出家人曲媚顯貴,通使於四方,借巧言令色而求活命,沙門的四邪命食之一。四維口vidisāmukha。即臉朝東南、西南、西北、東北四面張望。四維口食,即學種種之咒術卜算吉凶,以求衣食而自活命,沙門的四邪命食之一。(cf. S.28.10.)

Micchājīva﹐【陽】邪命(錯誤的生計方式)D.30./III,176.micchājīva pahāya sammā-ājīvena jīvika kappesi, tulākūṭa kasakūṭa mānakūṭa ukkoana vañcana nikati sāciyoga chedana vadha bandhana viparāmosa ālopa sahasākārā paivirato ahosi.(捨邪命,以正命為營生,遠離:欺斗秤、偽幣、錯誤的尺寸、賄賂、欺瞞、詐欺、走後門、(用手對眾生)斬切、屠宰、(以粗繩)捆綁、(山中及樹叢中)攔劫、(村、城等)搶劫、打家劫舍)

Micchādiṭṭhi,【陰】邪見(錯誤的見解)SA.45.1~2./III,116.Micchādiṭṭhīti ayāthāvadiṭṭhi aniyyānikadiṭṭhi.(邪見:錯誤的見解和無利可圖的見解)A.1.18./I,34.“Nāha, bhikkhave, añña ekadhammampi samanupassāmi ya eva mahāsāvajja yathayida, bhikkhave, micchādiṭṭhi. Micchādiṭṭhiparamāni, bhikkhave, mahāsāvajjānī”ti .(諸比丘!我不見另一法有如此的大罪。諸比丘!這是邪見。諸比丘!諸罪以邪見為罪大惡極。) 邪見有三類︰SA.22.62./II,279.Ahetukavādāti-ādīsu “natthi hetu natthi paccayo”ti gahitattā ahetukavādā. (無因論︰無因無緣,取名為無因論。) “Karoto na karīyati pāpan”ti gahitattā akiriyavādā. (無作論︰無惡被作,取名為無作論。)  “Natthi dinnan”ti-ādigahaato natthikavādā. (斷見︰持無施(之果報之見解),取名為斷見論(虛無論))頑強的(決定性的)惡見甚至有導致下一生投生於三惡道的潛在危機。

Micchācāra(kāma-mithyācāra) ,【陽】邪欲。Atthasālinī(殊勝義) (DhsA.p.98.)Kāmesu micchācāro’ti ettha pana ‘kāmesūti methunasamācāresu; ‘micchācāro’ti ekantanindito lāmakācāro.  Lakkhaato pana asaddhammādhippāyena kāyadvārappavattā agamanīyaṭṭhānavītikkamacetanā kāmesumicchācāro. (邪欲樂行」(邪淫)裡的「欲樂」是指「性交」;「邪行」是指「低賤及實應受到譴責的行為」。「邪欲樂行」的特相是生起於身門的思(cetanā,意願),具有侵犯自己無權同其行房者的不如法意念。) MA.9./I,199.Tattha agamanīyaṭṭhāna nāma--purisāna tāva (1)māturakkhitā, (2)piturakkhitā, (3)mātāpiturakkhitā, (4)bhāturakkhitā, (5)bhaginirakkhitā, (6)ñātirakkhitā, (7)gottarakkhitā, (8)dhammarakkhitā, (9)sārakkhā, (10)saparidaṇḍāti māturakkhitādayo dasa; (1)dhanakkītā, (2)chandavāsinī, (3)bhogavāsinī, (4)paavāsinī, (5)odapattakinī, (6)obhaacumbaṭā, (7)dāsī ca bhariyā, (8)kammakārī ca bhariyā, (9)dhajāhaṭā, (10)muhuttikāti etā dhanakkītādayo dasāti vīsati itthiyo.  Itthīsu pana dvinna sārakkhasaparidaṇḍāna, dasannañca dhanakkītādīnanti dvādasanna itthīna aññe purisā ida agamanīyaṭṭhāna nāma.(於此,不可行淫的對象是:(甲)十種未婚女人,即:一、為母所()護;二、為父所護;三、為父母所護;四、為兄弟所護;五、為姐妹所護;六、為親戚所護;七、為氏族所護;八、為法所護;九、有護(=sasāmikā有丈夫);十、正受懲罰((M.9./CS:pg.1.301.若靠近此女將受罰。《善見律毘婆沙》(T24.764.1)罰護者,若寡女欲與餘人私通,先向官說,若許者便通;若不許者不得專輒,犯者罰金輸官,故名罰護。);以及(乙)十種已婚女人,即:一、以錢財買來(的妻子);二、自願為人妻者;三、為了財富而為人妻者;四、為了服飾而為人妻者;五、水得妻(odapattakinī授水婦。觸水缽而令住。共取缽水灌手,共誓言:「願此水和合不離」。);六、取下(頭上布)墊子(成為)妻子;七、奴隸妻;八、傭人妻;九、戰俘妻;十、短暫的妻子(一夜情)。當中,有十二類的女人是其他男人不可侵犯的,即:有監護的女人和正受懲罰的女人,以及後面十種(已婚女人))《中阿含15經》羅云經(T1.437.3)︰「三曰邪婬。彼(1)或有父所護;(2)或母所護;(3)或父母所護;(4)或姐妹所護;(5)或兄弟所護;(6)或婦父母所護;(7)或親親所護;(8)或同姓所護;(9)或為他婦女;(10)有鞭罰恐怖;及(11)有名假賃(幫負債女還債,與之交媾)至華鬘(華鬘予女,表情意,女接受,與之交媾)。親犯如此女。」(cf.《中阿含15經》〈優婆塞經〉T1.616.2)

MA.41./II,330.Māturakkhitāti-ādīsu ya pitari naṭṭhe vā mate vā ghāsacchādanādīhi paijaggamānā, vayapatta kulaghare dassāmīti mātā rakkhati.(母所護()︰那是父親已離棄或已死,衣食等由母所看護,到了老年,她將護母。)

MA.41./II,330.說第十一種未婚女mālāguaparikkhittāpīti yā sabbantimena paricchedena, “esā me bhariyā bhavissatī”ti saññāya tassā upari kenaci mālāgua khipantena mālāguamattenāpi parikkhittā hoti.(環繞一串華鬘之女人︰以終身的約束︰此女將成為我的妻子,想定之後,他以一串華鬘戴在她的頭上,或環繞一串華鬘。)

  Sp.Pārā.III,554-5.“Mātā rakkhati gopeti issariya kāreti vasa vattetī”ti.  Tattha rakkhatīti katthaci gantu na deti. Gopetīti yathā aññe na passanti, eva guttaṭṭhāne hapeti. Issariya kāretīti serivihāramassā nisedhentī abhibhavitvā pavattati. Vasa vattetīti “Ida karohi, ida mā akāsī”ti eva attano vasa tassā upari vatteti.  Etenupāyena piturakkhitādayopi ñātabbā.(母親保護、監護、令做自主、使令。保護(可命令她)任何地方不准去。監護︰如別的不看,如此(把她)放置在保護的地方(管教)令做自主全面制伏、禁止她自由選擇生活方式。使令令做這個,令不要做那個。如是自己在她之上使令。由此方法,可知父所護等。)

Miñja,【中】miñjā,【陰】核心,髓,精華。

Miñjaka =miñjatelamiñjaka, 芝麻仁,芝麻餅(inner kernels of tila-seed, made into a cake PvA.51.

Miana,【中】測量。

Miṇāti (mi+ṇā), 量,秤重,稱。【過】mii。【過mita。【現mianta。【獨】miitvā。【不】miitu。【被】miṇīyati

Middha(<middh遲鈍)【中】睡眠(遲鈍torpor, 笨拙stupidity, 呆滯sluggishnessDhsA.378. gives “medhatī ti middha.”)Abhidhammatthavibhāvinīṭīkā(阿毘達摩義廣釋)Middhana middha, vigatasāmatthiyatā, asattivighāto vā, tattha thina cittassa akammaññatālakkhaa, middha vedanādikkhandhattayassāti ayametesa viseso.(諸睡眠都是睡眠,別離能力性,破壞而無能力,昏沉,不適合工作相,三種受蘊等睡眠,這是它們的差別。)《法集論》Dhammasagaṇī#1163(PTS:1157CS:p.233)Tattha katama middha? Yā kāyassa 1akallatā 2akammaññatā 3onāho 4pariyonāho 5antosamorodho 6middha 7soppa 8pacalāyikā 9soppa 10supanā 11supitatta--ida vuccati middha.(什麼是睡眠?那個心所是1不聰明的、2不適合工作、3遮蓋、4完全遮蓋、5自己遲鈍、6睡眠、7睡覺、8打瞌睡、9沉覺、10睡覺、11睡狀,稱為睡眠。)

Mita, (Miṇāti’的【過】;Vedic mita, pp. of mā, mināti, to measure; also in meaning “moderate, measured”)已度(measured, in measure)mitabhāṇī(mitabhāṇin),【陽】話說得適當者。mitamita, 無限量、沒有度量(unlimited, without measure, boundless. Also name of a Buddha)mitāhāra, 度量(measured, i. e. limited food Sn.707. speaking measuredly, i. e. in moderation Dh.227; J.IV.252.)

Mitta(cp. Vedic mitra, m. & nt., friend; Av. mipro, friend),【陽】【中】朋友。Mittaddu(Sk. mitra-druha), mittadubbhi, mittadūbhī,【陽】出賣朋友的人,叛逆的人(also in foll. forms: mittadubbha; mittadūbha; mittadūbhin [cp. Sk. mittadrohin])mittapatirūpaka,【形】損友(a false friend, one pretending to be a friend D.31./III,185.︰是敵而似友(amittā mittapatirūpakā):一、拿去任何物者(añña-d-atthu-haro)。二、光說不練者(vacīparamo)。三、諂媚者(anuppiyabhāṇī)。四、損友者(apāyasahāyo))(The qualities of a Good friend are he who 1.gives what is hard to give (dana), 2.does what is hard to do, 3.hears what is hard to hear or bear, 4.confess (shares) his own secret with you, 5.keeps others’ secrets, 6.in need, forsake one not)

7. despises not when one is in ruin.)mittabheda,【陽】絕交,斷絕友情,瓦解聯盟。mittasanthava,【陽】朋友關係。āgārikamitta,在家人的朋友(a house- or lay-friend)Anāgārikamitta,家人的朋友(a homeless- or clericalfriend)kalyāṇa-mitta,善友(mentor, or spiritual adviser)ñāti-sālohitamitta,有血緣關係的朋友(blood-relations; cp. ñāti-mittā relatives & friends Pv.I.59)。【反】sapatta, 敵人( enemy PvA.13)amitta, 非友(a sham friend or enemy)pāpa-mitta, 惡友、壞朋友(bad friend)mittābhirādhin, 滿意的朋友(one who pleases his friends J.IV.274 (=mittesu adubbhamāno C.) mittavaṇṇa, 虛假的朋友(pretence of friendship, a sham friendship Pv IV.86 (=mitta-rūpa, mitta-pairūpatā PvA.268)Kavidappaanīti(詩人鏡子格言)#238Na vissase amittassa, mittañcāpi na vissase;Kadāci kupite mitte, sabbadosa pakāsati.(可別親信那不是朋友的人,並且,即使朋友也不應()信;(因為)一當朋友(反目,)生氣之時,他會將(你的)所有缺點(大加)宣揚。)vissase, pt.3sg. < vi-(s)sas, vissasati,願望式表「勸告」,「()應親愛、信賴」// amittassa < a-mitta, m.Gen.sg.,信賴(vissasati)之「處」(對象)習慣用「屬格」或「處格」。mitte, m.Loc.sg. 表信賴之「處」// capi = ca apikadaci = kada-ci, 「疑問詞」kada (何時)後接 -ci變成「不定詞」(某時) // kupite, mitte,均為m.Loc.sg.,此為「獨立處格結構」 (Loctive Absolute),表「時機」。sabbadosam < sabba-dosa // pakasaye, Opt. 3sg. < (p)pa-kās, pakāseti (pakāsayati),願望式表「可能」,「將會宣揚」。amittā mitta-pairūpakā(非友似友)mittā suhadā(善心之友)mittapairūpaka非友似友。

Mittatā, Mittatā-, (abstr. fr. mitta) ,【陰】友誼(state of being a friend, friendship, in kalyāṇamittatā being a good friend)

Mitti (a by-form of metti) ,【陰】友誼(friendship J.I.468 (=metti C.))

Mithu,【無】輪流,交替地,秘密地。mithubheda,【陽】聯盟的瓦解。

Mithuna,【中】愛侶(loving couple)

Mid﹐【字根III.】油滑、假殷勤(to be unctuous),愛(to love),變濕(to wet)

Middha,【中】睡意,呆滯middhī,【形】處於睡眠狀態的,昏昏欲睡的。

Miyyati, mīyati (mar+ya, mar 被改成 miy mī), 死。【現mīyamāna

mil﹐【字根I.】關、閉(像眼睛) (to close (as eyes))

mil﹐【字根I.】碰到(to meet)

Milakkha,【陽】野蠻人。milakkhadesa,【陽】野蠻國(野蠻人居住的)

Milāta (Milāyati的【過), 已凋謝。milatā,【陰】已褪色。

Milāyati (milā+ya), 褪色,凋謝。【過】milāyi。【現milāyamāna。【獨】milāyitvā

mis(mi)﹐【字根I.】眨眼(to wink)Misati

miss﹐【字根VII.】混合(to mix)

Missa, missaka(orig. pp. of miś),【形】1.混合(mixed)2.組合的(accompanied by)3.性交,交陪(博感情),聯合(missa° is changed to missī in compn with k and bhū (like Sk.), thus in missī-bhāva (sexual) intercourse, lit. mixed state, union)missībhūta, 混合,偶合,聯合(mixed, coupled, united)【反】amissībhāva﹐未混合

Missita, (Misseti’混合的【過) 混合、混雜。【反】amissita﹐未混合

Misseti (miss+e), 混合。【過】missesi。【現missenta。【獨】missetvā

mih﹐【字根I.】製造水(to make water)

Mihita (=sita),【中】微笑。台語笑微微chio3 bi5 bi5微微仔笑bi5 bi5 a2 chio3文文子笑bun5 bun5 a2 chio3

Mīna,【陽】魚。

Mīyati, 死。參考 Miyyati

mīl﹐【字根VII.】眨眼(to wink)

Mīḷha,【中】排泄物,(家畜的)糞。mīḷhaka, 糞蟲(dung beetle)

mu﹐【字根III.】知道(to know)

Mukula,【中】芽,蓓蕾。

Mukha(Vedic mukha, fr. Idg. *mu),【中】1.嘴。2.臉。3.入口。4.原因,理由,方法。5.前面。6.面門。音譯:目佉。(華嚴經探玄記卷第三曰:「面門者諸德有三釋:一云是口,一云是面之正容,非別口也。光統師云:鼻下口上中間是也。今釋,依梵語稱面及口並門。悉名目佉,是故翻此為面門也,故知此中通舉其事。」(T35.151.2))。【形】最初的。mukhatuṇḍa,【中】鳥嘴()mukhadvāra,【中】嘴。mukhadhovana,【中】洗臉,漱口。mukhapuñchana,【中】面巾。mukhapūra,【中】一口。【形】填嘴的。mukhavaṭṭi,【陰】(杯、碗等)邊,輪緣,邊緣。mukhavaṇṇa,【陽】容貌,臉色,面象(ming7 chiunn)mukhavikāra,【陽】臉孔扭曲,扮鬼臉。mukhasakocana,【中】撇嘴(嘴角向下,表示不高興的情緒)mukhasaññata,【形】控制嘴巴的。nava vaa-mukhāni﹐九孔、九入、九漏、九瘡,即:兩眼、兩耳、兩鼻孔、口及大小便道等九處。

Mukhara,【形】饒舌的,多嘴的。mukharatā,【陰】愛說話。mukharā vikiṇṇavācā﹐饒舌多語。

Mukhādhāna,【中】馬勒(bridle)

Mukhullokaka, mukhullokika﹐【形】看他人的臉色(mukha ulloketi)

Mukhodaka,【中】洗臉水。

Mukhya,【形】首要的,最初的,最重要的。

Mugga(Vedic mudga),【陽】(a kind of kidney-bean, Phaseolus mungo)cāṭukamyatā, 豆湯語(諂媚(flattery), pātumugga Nd2; cāṭukammatā Miln; pāṭukamyatā Vbh.) mugga-sūpyatā (muggasūpatā Nd2; muggasuppatā Miln.& KhA 236; muggasūpatā and suppatā Vbh & VbhA 338; supyatā Vism) pāribhaṭṭatā (muggabhatyatā Vism.; °bhaṭṭakatā Miln; °bhaṭyatā & °bbhaṭṭatā Vbh). At Nd2 391 it is used to explain sāvajja-bhogin, at Vism 17 & Vbh 246 anācāra; at Vbh 352 lapanā)(VbhA 483 &) Vism.17Idhekacco na veudānena vā na pattana pupphana phalana sinānana dantakaṭṭhadānena vā na cāṭukamyatāya vā na muggasūpyatāya vā na pāribhayatāya vā na jaghapesanikena vā na aññataraññatarena vā Buddhapaikuṭṭhena micchā-ājīvena jīvika kappeti, aya vuccati ācāro.(有此類人,施竹、施葉,或施花、果、洗浴粉、牙刷,或諂諛,或說豆湯語(半真半假,似是而非),或撫愛(他人的孩子),或作使者,或以種種為佛陀所唾棄的不正當的生活手段以營求其生活,都稱為不正行)

Muggara,【陽】棍棒,木槌。

Mugusa,【陽】獴(mungoose一種獴屬(Herpestes nyula) 的東半球食肉哺乳動物,有一柔軟而靈活的軀體和長尾巴,善於捕食毒蛇)

muc(muc / mok)﹐【字根II.】釋放(to release)。【字根III.】自由(to be free)。【字根VII.】釋放(to set free)

Mucalinda,【陽】銳棱玉蕊 (Barringtonia acutangula)

Muccati (muc釋放+ya)(Vedic muñcati; muc, to release, loosen; with orig. meaning “strip off, get rid of,” hence also “glide”), 捨棄,解脫,被釋放。【過】muñci。【過muttamuccita。【現muccamānamuñcanto。【獨】mutvāmuñcitvāmuñciya muñc- & mucc- are differentiated in such a way, that muñc- is the active base, and mucc- the passive. There are however cases where the active forms (muñc-) are used for the passive ones (mucc-), which may be due simply to a misspelling, ñc & cc being very similar. pot. muñcetha; imper. muñca; aor. pl. muñciṁsu; inf. muñcituṁ. -- Caus. II. muñcāpeti. -- B. Passive. pres. muccati; ppr. muccanto, muccamāno, mocento, mocayanto, mocayamāno, mocīyamāno; imper, sg. muccassu; pl. muccatha; pot. muñceyya ; fut. muccissati (=muñcissati); also mokkhasi ; pl. mokkhanti; aor. mucci(ṁsu); inf. muccituṁ. -- Caus. moceti, mocayati. pp. mutta

mucch﹐【字根I.】昏倒(to faint)

Mucchati (mucch(murch)昏倒+a), 1.昏倒(fainting, swoon),衝昏頭腦,昏倒。2.迷戀(infatuation)。【過】mucchi。【過mucchita。【現mucchanta。【獨】mucchitvā, mucchiya

Mucchana,【中】mucchanā,【陰】昏暈,無意識,糊塗。

Mucchā(< mūrch),【陰】1.昏倒(fainting, swoon)2.熱戀、著迷(infatuation )kāmamucchā,

Mucchita(mucchati的【過),已失去知覺,已衝昏頭腦,已昏倒。

mujj﹐【字根I.】下沉(to sink)

Muñcaka,【形】釋放的人,放出。

Muñcati (muc釋放+-a), 解放,放鬆,釋放,送別,放出,放棄。【過】muñci。【過mutta, muñcita。【現muñcanta, muñcamāna。【獨】muñcitvā, muñciya“sapattivāsā muccanatthāyā”ti(解放在和妻子的家(=獲得家庭的幸福))

Muñcana & Muccana (abstr. fr. muc) ,【中】1.釋放,放棄(release, being freed, deliverance); muccanākāra (muñccanākāra) means of deliverance (dukkhato from ill) DhA.I,267; muñccanakāla time of release (dukkhā from suffering) DhA.II,11 (mucc°, v. l. muñc°)2.鬆掉(letting loose, emitting, giving, bestowing VbhA.249 (speaking, shouting out; Vism.reading p. 265 is to be corrected fr. mañcana!); PvA.132 (v. l. dāna).

Muñcanaka (< muñcana) ,【形】放出的,送出的(sending out or forth, emitting VvA.303 (pabhāmuñcanaka).

Muñja(Vedic muñja),【中】纖毛甘蔗(亞洲的一種粗壯甘蔗屬植物 (Saccharum munja),其強韌的桿通常用製繩索,麻線和籃子,古印度也用來造拖鞋等)

Muṭṭha (mussati忘記的【過), 失念,已忘記。muṭṭhasacca,【中】健忘。muṭṭhassatī,【形】健忘的。S.35.95./IV,73.“Rūpa disvā sati muṭṭhā, piya nimitta manasi karoto; Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati. “Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā rūpasambhavā; Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati. Eva ācinato dukkha, ārā nibbānamuccati.(見色()之後失念,作意可愛相,體驗心有執著,也黏住於此。他的感受增長,許多色()的交會,(產生)貪婪和惱亂,心的被傷害,如是正累積苦,遠離涅槃解脫。)

Muṭṭhi,【陽】第一,柄,拳,握muṭṭhika, muṭṭhimalla,【陽】摔交選手,拳擊家。muṭṭhiyuddha,【中】拳擊。

muṇḍ﹐【字根I.】剃髮(to shave)

Muṇḍa,【形】剃光頭的,無植物的,光禿的。muṇḍaka,【陽】剃光頭髮的人,剃光頭的。muṇḍacchadda,【陽】平頂的建築物。muṇḍatta, muṇḍiya,【中】剃光頭的事實。

Muṇḍeti (muṇḍ剃髮+e), (頭髮)。【過】muṇḍesi。【過muṇḍita。【獨】muṇḍetvā

Muta,【中】經過鼻、舌和觸覺所感覺的知覺。

Mutiga, mudiga,【陽】小鼓。

Mutimantu,【形】有感覺的。

Mutta, (muñcati 的【過】;sk. mūtra)已釋放。muttācāra,【形】放蕩的習慣。

Mutta,【中】尿,小便。muttakaraa,【中】男女的性器官,密處。muttavatthi。【陰】膀胱。

Muttā,【陰】珍珠。muttāvali,【陰】muttāhāra,【陽】一串珍珠。muttājāla,【中】珍珠網。

Mutti,【陰】釋放,自由。

Mudā,【陰】歡樂。

Mudita-(pp. of mud, modati),【形】高興的,滿足的(pleased, glad, satisfied, only in muditamana (adj.) with gladdened heart, pleased in mind)muditamana,【形】有喜悅的心。

Muditā(abstr. fr. mudu<mṛḍ親切的),【陰】隨喜,欣賞或讚嘆自他的成就)(appreciative joy, altruistic joy)Muditāti āmoditā pāmojjena samannāgatā.(隨喜:具足高興之歡喜)(Sāratthadīpanī-ṭīkā(1~3)《心義燈》(pg.3.152))

Mudu, muduka(Vedic mṛdu, fr. mṛd see maddati<madd壓破),【形】軟的,溫和的,嫩的。muducitta, muduhadaya,【形】心腸軟的。mudujātika,【形】天生溫和的。mudutā,【陰】mudutta,【中】柔和,可塑性。mudubhūta,【形】柔軟的,有延展性的。「柔軟」是慈心的特質之一。有貪、瞋、癡不善心所出現時,心就不柔軟。任何善心中含有「心柔軟性」(cittamudutā)、「心所柔軟性」(kāyamudutā)

Muddakaa,【中】印刷。

Muddā,【陰】印章,印記,蓋印,手勢,印刷,指算(Sp.Pāci.IV,739.Muddāti hatthamuddāgaanā.指算︰以手指算之術))muddupaka,【陽】印刷者。muddāpana,【中】印刷。muddāyanta,【中】印刷機。

Muddāpeti (muddā 的【派】), 印刷。【過】muddāpesi。【過muddāpita。【獨】muddāpetvā

Muddikā,【陰】印章戒指,圖章戒指。

Muddikā,【陰】葡萄樹(一種葡萄屬的木本植物(Vitis vinifera),簇生可食用果實),葡萄果(肉色的、表皮光滑的漿果,呈紫色、紅色或綠色,可鮮食或製成果乾,並廣泛用於製酒)muddikāsava,【陽】酒。

Muddha(pp. of muh, for the usual mūḷha, corresp. to Sk. mugdha),【形】愚蠢的(foolish)令人困惑的(infatuated, bewildered)mudhātuka,【形】天生愚蠢的。muddhatā,【陰】愚蠢。

Muddhā,【陽】頭,頂端,頂點(summit)muddhādhaja,【形】舌音的。【陽】頭髮。muddhādhipāta,【陽】頭的破裂。muddhāvasitta,【形】正確灌頂的(國王)muddhā sattadhā phaleyya, 你的頭可能破成七片(警告詞)rājan khattiya muddhāvasitta﹐剎利王水澆頭種(經灌頂即王位之剎利王,新王即位時,以五河之水澆灌其頭)

Mudhā(Class. Sk. mudhā),【無】徒然,無損失(for nothing, gratis)KhA.185.Mudhāti abyayena kākaikamattampi byaya akatvā.(無損失:以無損失,連一丁點的損失也沒有。)

mun﹐【字根I.】知(=ñāṇa, to know)

Munāti (mun+a)(=manyate), 知道明白(to be a wise man or muni, to think, ponder, to know)。【過】muni。【過muta

Muni(cp. Vedic muni, originally one who has made the vow of silence),【陽】牟尼(a holy man, a sage, wise man)Muninda(muni+inda),【陽】牟尼因陀(偉大的聖人)

Muyhati (muh昏暈+ya) (Vedic muhyati, muh), 忘記,變成遲鈍,衝昏頭腦,癡闇(to get bewildered, to be infatuated, to become dull in one’s senses, to be stupified)。【過】muyhi。【過mūḷha。【現muyhamāna。【獨】muyhitvā

Muyhana,【中】健忘(forgetfullness),糊塗(infatuation)SA.3.2./I,137.muyhanalakkhao mohoti.(糊塗相,稱為)

Muraja,【陽】小手鼓(tamborine)

Murumurāyati (muru-muru 的【擬】), 哢嚓哢嚓地響著咬。

mus﹐【字根I.】傷害(to hurt)

Musala,【陽】乳缽(pestle研磨棒)musalī,【形】手中乳缽槌的。

Musalaka (fr. musala),研磨棒(a little pestle, a toy for little girls DhsA.321.)

Musā(Vedic mṛṣā, fr. mṛṣ, lit. “neglectfully”),【無】虛妄(falsely, wrongly)SA.14.25./II,146.(=MA.9./I,200.,cf.KhA.26.)musāti abhūta ataccha vatthu. Vādoti tassa bhūtato tacchato viññāpana. Lakkhaato pana atatha vatthu tathato para viññāpetukāmassa tathāviññattisamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā musāvādo.(虛妄(musā)︰不存在的(abhūta)、不真實的事(ataccha vatthu)語言(Vādo)︰告知它的存在的、真實的。從特相說,「虛妄語」是不真實的事物(atatha vatthu)想要表達讓他人信以為真之思。)

Musāvāda,【陽】說謊(lying, a falsehood, a lie。台語:嘐韶hau siau5,講白賊kong2 peh8 chat8),妄語。sampajāna-musāvāda﹐【陽】故意說妄語。cp. mosavajja西方人有white lie 無傷大雅的謊言(a harmless lie)、善意的謊言(told to be polite),但是對守戒者,善意的謊言也不可以說。

  KhA.31.Tattha musāvādassa (1)tāva musā ca hoti ta vatthu, (2)visavādanacittañca paccupaṭṭhita hoti, (3)tajjo ca vāyāmo, (4)paravisavādanañca viññāpayamānā viññatti pavattatīti cattāri agāni veditabbāni.(說謊(有四條件)1.欺騙。2.對那對象現起欺騙心。3.適當的努力(tajjo ca vāyāmo)4.(明白地)對他人說出欺騙的話(paravisavādanañca viññāpayamānā viññatti pavattatīti))

A.2.3./I,60.說:“Paicchannakammantassa bhikkhave, dvinna gatīna aṅṅatarā gati pāṭikakhā--nirayo vā tiracchānayoni vāti.(造覆藏()業之人,應預期二趣之隨一趣:地獄或傍生。) 「覆藏」心態含有「慳」心所(屬於瞋因組)

M.61./I,415.yassa kassaci sampajānamusāvāde natthi lajjā nāha tassa kiñci pāpa akaranīyanti vadāmi.(任何人如果故意說謊而無羞恥,則我說此人必會無惡不作。)

《法句經》(Dh.176)Ekadhamma atītassa, musāvādissa jantuno, vitiṇṇaparalokassa, natthi pāpa akāriya(對於踰越(違犯)一法--妄語的人(來說),已捨棄(不關心)後世,而無惡不作。)

Vin.Mv.I,103.Yo pana bhikkhusaramāno santi āpatti nāvikareyya, sampajānamusāvādassa hoti. Sampajānamusāvādo kho panāyasmanto antarāyiko dhammo vutto Bhagavatā.(比丘憶念有罪而不發露,即是故妄語罪,諸具壽!故妄語罪是世尊所說的障法。)(「不發露」(nāvikareyya)即是覆藏(),覆藏即屬於「慳」心所)

KhA.26.Musāvādoti ettha musāti visavādanapurekkhārassa atthabhañjanako vacīpayogo kāyapayogo vā, visavādanādhippāyena panassa paravisavādakakāyavacīpayogasamuṭṭhāpikā kāyavacīdvārānameva aññataradvārappavattā micchācetanā musāvādo.(虛誑語(musāvāda)︰當中的「虛誑」是由運用語言或身體,致力於欺騙而破壞(真實)義者。(虛誑語為)以欺騙的目的,運用語言或身體生起而欺騙他人,運用身、語門中的一門,以邪思(=)()虛誑語。)(cf. MA.9./I,200.)

KhA.34.Musāvādā veramaiyā vippasannindriyatā vissaṭṭhamadhurabhāṇitā samasitasuddhadantatā nātithūlatā nātikisatā nātirassatā nātidīghatā sukhasamphassatā uppalagandhamukhatā sussūsakaparijanatā ādeyyavacanatā kamaluppalasadisamudulohitatanujivhatā anuddhatatā acapalatāti evamādīni.(離虛誑語:諸根明淨,語詞清晰、甜美,牙齒整齊、純白、不太粗、不太細、不太短、不太長、咬合舒適,口有青蓮花香,隨從恭聽,說話受歡迎,舌如蓮花、青蓮花瓣一般柔軟、紅薄,不掉舉、不輕躁,如此等(果報))

Musāvādin, 說謊(speaking falsely, lying)

Mussati (mu知道+ya), 忘記,被遺忘。【過】mussi。【過muṭṭha。【獨】mussitvā

muh(muh)﹐【字根III.】昏暈(to swoon),迷路、墮落(to go astray)

Muhutta(Vedic muhūrta, fr. muhur suddenly),【陽】【中】須臾、片刻、一瞬間(a moment, a very short period of time, an inkling, as we should say “a second.”)muhuttena,【副】瞬間(in a short time, in a twinkling of an eye)muhuttika,【形】只存在一會兒的。【陽】占星家。muhuttikā,【陰】須臾婦、短暫結合的太太(a temporary wife, =tan-khaikā)

Muḷāla,【中】蓮藕。muḷālapuppha,【中】蓮花。

Mūga,【形】啞的,啞巴。jaccamūga, 天生啞巴。

Mūla,【中】根,錢,現金,腳,底部,起源,因素,基礎,開始。mūlakanda,【陽】球莖根。mūladhana,【中】被存放的錢。mūlabīja,【中】根種()

Mūlaka(<mūla),【形】(在【合】中)制約,源於(being caused by, having its reason through or from, conditioned by, originating)2.【中】根本(=mūla, i. e. root, bulb)3.微紅(radish; only in cpd. mūlaka-kanda radish (-root))

Mūlakammaṭṭhāna,【中】根本業處(一向修行、專注的業處)

Mūla, mūlā,【中】尾宿(二十七星宿之一)

Mūlika,【形】基本的,初步的。

Mūlya,【中】付款,薪水。

Mūsā,【陰】坩鍋(crucible)

Mūsika,【陽】mūsikā,【陰】鼠,老鼠。mūsikacchinna,【形】被老鼠咬破的。mūsikavacca,【中】老鼠糞。

Mūḷha (muyhati忘記﹑癡暗的【過), 已走入歧途,已搞亂,已犯錯,已幹傻事。

Me (amha 的【與..單】), 給我,我的。

Mekhalā,【陰】女人的腰帶(=女的性器)Nd1.144Sp.pārā.I,125.Vism.212.yathā loke “mehanassa khassa mālā”ti vattabbe “mekhalā”ti vuccati.( 正如世間中(本應說「女子隱(mehanassa)處(khassa)的花環(mālā)」,但是(取me+kha+lā)說「金腰帶」(mekhalā)。)

Megha,【陽】下雨,雲。meghanāda,【陽】雷電。meghavaṇṇa,【形】雲的色彩,即:黑色。

Meghiya (Mihira), (比丘)彌醯,曾為佛陀的侍者。

Mecaka,【形】黑色的,深藍色。

Mejjati (cp. Vedic midyati, to mid, see meda), (to love)DhsA 192 (v. l. mijjati; =siniyhati lubricant潤滑劑)

Mejjha (<medha),【形】[to medha1] 純粹的(fit for sacrifice, pure; neg. amejjha impure)2. [to medha2 & medhāvin]【中】 in dummejjha, 愚蠢(foolishness)

Meṇḍa, meṇḍaka,【陽】公羊,綿羊。Meṇḍakaseṭṭhi,【陽】公羊富翁(一位跋提城(Bhaddiyanagara)的巨富居士)

Metta,【形】慈。

Mettacitta(=metta citta),【形】有慈善的心,慈心。metta citto,3.陽】慈心。

Mettā(<mida軟化﹑愛),【陰】慈,友好,善意。mettākammaṭṭhāna,【中】mettābhāvanā,【陰】慈修。mettāyanā,【陰】友好的感覺,慈性。mettāvihārī,【形】【陰】住在慈意中,慈居,慈庵(尼眾寺院)mettāsahagatena cetasā eka disa pharitvā viharati.(心與慈俱,遍滿一方而住。《中阿含經》譯作:成就遊’)mettāetovimutti (mettā cetovimutti), 慈心解脫。AA.1.2./I,47.mettā cetovimuttīti sabbasattesu hitapharaakā mettā.(慈心解脫對一切有情滿祝福的慈。) DhsA 192.mejjatīti mettā, siniyhatīti attho. Mitte vā bhavā, mittassa vā esā pavattatīpi mettā.(︰愛;定義作︰他希望好。或對朋友生起慈(),而有友情。) KhA.248. Mittassa bhāvo metta. (朋友的情感(友誼)(mittassa bhāvo),即「」。)

Mettāyati (mettā 的【派】), 覺得友善,發慈悲。【過】mettāyi。【獨】mettāyitvā。【現mettāyanta

Metti, 慈,參考 Mettā

Metteyya (<mitta, Maitreya), (最深的友情)

Metteyya-nātha(Maitreya),【陽】彌勒菩薩,未來佛,又作梅呾麗耶,譯為慈氏,下一次將在閻浮提成佛,為一生補處菩薩。

Methuna,【中】行房,行淫,交接。古譯:交通。methunadhamma,【陽】行房,交合。mukhena methuna dhamma, 口交。Pārā.III,24.Methunadhammo nāma yo so asaddhammo gāmadhammo vasaladhammo duṭṭhulla odakantika rahassa dvayadvayasamāpatti, eso methunadhammo nāma.(不淨行(淫欲法)︰任何非正法、村民法、賤民法、淫猥的、()水的、秘密、雙雙達到三摩缽地(性高潮),這是淫欲法。)

imesa sattanna methunasayogāna,七種淫相應(七淫結)修習梵行,須戒絕「七種淫相應」,才能稱為梵行清淨圓滿的(paripuṇṇa parisuddha brahmacariya caratī)正梵行者(sammā brahmacārī)七種淫相應為︰(1)男女行淫(、按摩等)之事。(2)與婦人嬉笑遊戲。(3)審視女人的眼睛(包括看體型、體態,或聞體香等)(4)聽隔壁女人之笑聲、說話、唱歌、哭泣、(5)追憶過去曾與女人相笑、相談、遊玩。(6)見居士或居士子具備享受五欲而心動(7)願成天眾而修梵行(《增支部》(A.7.47./IV,54f.) 《增壹阿含37.9經》(T2.714.3)《清淨道論》Vism.51~53)。淫欲是障道法,但是某些大乘經典卻不同於佛說的言論,例如︰「(喜根法師︰)淫欲即是道淫法不生滅,不能令心惱。」(《大智度論》,T25.107.3 ~108.1) 「無上瑜伽」的特色,是「貪欲為道」、「以欲離欲」為方便,此乃偏離佛法的教義。

Meda,【陽】脂肪(台語:chi hong)medakathālikā,【陰】油炸脂肪的燉鍋。medavaṇṇa,【形】脂肪的顔色。

Medinī,【陰】地(墨地尼,即:友善的)

Medha,【陽】宗教性的犧牲(祭祀)Tato ca rājā saññatto brāhmaehi rathesabho assamedha purisamedha sammāpāsa vācapeyya maggala.(由於諸婆羅門勸說的緣故,車乘之主──王舉行馬祭、人祭、大施會、酒祭、無遮會)。馬祭︰殺馬作祭。人祭︰殺人作祭。)大施會︰SA. Daliddamanussāna hatthato lekha gahetvā tīṇi vassāni vināva vaḍḍhiyā sahassadvisahassamattadhanānuppadāna sammāpāsa nāma.(由於諸窮人徒手三年,沒有興隆,故分發財物給為數一兩千之()人,為大施會(不知是否是「(五年一度)無遮大會」(pañca-vārikamaha)的起源。)。酒祭︰飲蘇摩酒之祭。無遮會︰施一切物之祭。

Medhaga,【陽】吵架。

Medhā,【陰】智慧,聰慧medhāvī,【陽】明智的人。medhāvinī,【陰】明智的女人。

MeniyoSil Meniyo﹐【錫蘭語】十戒女(dasa sil matha=dasasīlamātā)

Meraya,【中】發酵的酒。

Meru,【陽】須彌山(世界的最高山名)

Melana,【中】聚集,會議。

Mesa,【陽】公羊。

Meso(me我的+eta),【陽】這是我的‘Neta mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti, 不是我的、不是我、不是我的自我SA.35.87./II,372.Eta mamāti-ādīni tahāmānadiṭṭhiggāhavasena vuttāni.…Neta mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attāti samanupassāmīti anicca dukkha anattāti samanupassāmi.(不是我的()︰是說執取愛、慢、見不是我的、不是我、不是我的自我︰我隨見無常、苦、無我)

Meha,【陽】泌尿的痛苦。

Mehana,【中】男女的性器官。

Mokkha,【陽】釋放,自由,解脫。mokkhaka,【形】釋放者。mokkhamagga。【陽】導致解脫之道。

Mokkhacika﹐【中】倒立。

Mokkhati (mokkh +a), 釋放,解救。

Mogha,【形】空的,徒然的,無用的。moghapurisa,【陽】愚蠢者,沒用的人。

Moca,【陽】芭蕉(plantain treeMusa paradisiaca sapientum) 亞洲熱帶的土産,具軟的草質的莖,單葉非常大,花由一顔色的總包著,並聚集下垂成一串,其中的每一朵花都産生一單個的無籽的果實)

Mocana,【中】釋放。

Mocāpana,【中】導致個人的自由,救出。

Mocāpeti, Mocāpayati(Moceti的【使】) 使被釋放。

Moceti (muc+e), 釋放,解脫。【過】mocesi。【過mocita。【現mocenta。【獨】mocetvā, mociya。【不】mocetu

Modaka,【陽】球狀的甜肉。

Modati (mud+a), 歡喜,使快樂。【過】modi。【過modita。【現modamāna。【獨】moditvā

Modana,【中】modanā,【陰】高興,享樂。

Mona(< muni),【中】智慧,沉著,冷靜,沉默(wisdom, character, self-possession)monattha, 寂默。

Moneyya(< muni;梵mauneyāṇi),【中】道德完美,寂默(state of a muni, muni-hood; good character, moral perfection)A.3.122./I,273.(寂默tīṇi moneyya)Kāyamoneyya, vacīmoneyya, manomoneyyaṁ(身寂默、語寂默、意寂默)

Momuha,【形】遲鈍的,愚蠢的,糊塗的。

Mora,【陽】孔雀。morapiñja,【中】孔雀的尾部。moranacca【中】跳孔雀舞。

Mosa,【陽】mosana,【中】竊盜。

Mosavajja,【中】不真實。

Moha(<muh, see muyhati; cp. Sk. moha & Vedic mogha),【陽】癡,愚蠢,迷惑(stupidity, dullness of mind & soul, delusion, bewilderment, infatuation )mohakkhaya,【陽】無知的破壞。mohacarita,【形】愚蠢的習慣。mohatama,【陽】無知的黑暗。mohanīya, mohaneyya,【形】導致糊塗的。

Mohana(fr. muh as Caus. formn),【中】造成遲鈍,誘惑,引誘(making dull or stupid, infatuation, enticement, allurement)mohanaka,【形】使人混亂的,導致迷路的。

Mohatta (nt.) [abstr. fr. moha] infatuation, bewilderment A.II,120; III,376.

Mohanaka (adj.) [fr. mohana] leading astray, bewildering, leading into error Vin.IV,144.

Mohaneyya & Mohanīya (adj.) [grd. formn fr. moha] leading to infatuation A.II,120; III,110; J.III,499.

Moheti (muh+e), 欺騙,愚弄,迷惑(to deceive, to befool, to take in, surprise, delude)。【過】mohesi。【過mohita。【獨】mohetvā, aor. 2nd sg. amohayi Sn.352; 3rd sg. amohayi S.IV,158= It.58 (maccurājan; vv. ll. asamohayi & asamohari); reading somewhat doubtful, cp. similar context Sn.1076 with “sabbesu dhammesu samūhatesu” (v. l. samoha°). -- 3rd sg. (poet.) also amohayittha Sn.332

Moi,【陽】【陰】頂髻,頭頂。

 

Y

 

Y, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第二十六個輔音字母。發音好像漢語中的 y

-y-, 連音時插入的字母,避免空隙(hiatus)Thus inserted after a before i or e: chay-imā disā D.III,188; ta-y-idaṁ Sn.1077; Pv.I,33; tava-y-idaṁ Sn.352; na-y-idaṁ S.II,278; mama-y-idaṁ Sn.806; na-y-idha Sn.790; mā-y-idha Vin.I,54; yassay-etādisī pajā D.II,267 (v. l. ss for T yassa-s-etādisī); satiyā-y-etaṁ adhivacanaṁ M.II,260; na-y-imassa Pv IV.12. -- After i before a: pāvisi-y-assamaṁ J.V,405; khaṇi-y-asmani J.III,433; yā-y-aññaṁ J.I,429 (where C. expls: ya-kāro paṭisandhi-karo). -- Cp. yeva for eva. -- Note. At J.VI,106 ya-y-ime jane is to be taken as ye ime jane; the spelling ay for e being found elsewhere as well. Cp. the following ta-y-ime jane.

Ya,【關代】1.凡是[…] 哪一,什麽2.(a),我﹑你﹑彼(【單】), (b),我們﹑你們﹑彼等(【複】)

 

陽性(m.)

中性(n.)

陰性(f.)

(sg.)

(pl.)

(sg.)

(pl.)

(sg.)

(pl.)

yo

ye

yayad

yāni

yā

yāyāyo

ya

ye

yayad

yāni

ya

yāyāyo

yena

yehiyebhi

yena

yehiyebhi

yāya

yāhiyābhi

yasmāyamhā

yehiyebhi

yasmāyamhā

yehiyebhi

yāya

yāhiyābhi

.﹑屬

yassa

yesayesāna

yassa

yesayesāna

yāyayassā

yāsayāsāna

yasmiyamhi

yesu

yasmiyamhi

yesu

yassāyāyayassa

yāsu

yassa yassa﹐無論何人的(whoseever)ya ya﹐無論何物(whatever)yathā yathā﹐無論何種方式(however, in whatever way)yadā yadā﹐無論何時(whenever)yayaṁ+地方(yattha yattha…)﹐無論何處(wherever)yo…, tayā…, taya…, ta(關係子句,主要字句…)ya°…, ya°…, 任何。yo…, yo…﹐若,若yathāha依據yadetaṁ(=ya+d+etaṁ)什麽,這yasmā…tasmā…, 因為所以yopāyaṁ (=yo+p+ayaṁ)任何,這yeme(=ye’me, ya+ime), 這些。ye-vā-pana (=yaṁ vā pana “whatever else there is”), 無論如何

-ya,  I.【形】(形容詞化), (巴利文法, p.228) II.【形】更…(比較級形容詞),(巴利文法, p.232) III. 1.【中】 (抽象名詞), (巴利文法, p.230)2.本色(人物+ [-ya本色])

Yakana,【中】肝臟(liver)

Yaka-pea (see pea), 肝塊(the lump of the liver Sn.195 (=yakana-piṇḍa SnA 247)=J.I,146.)cp. Sk. śaka-piṇḍa & śakt-piṇḍa?” Cp. paala (ref. Vism.257).

Ya-kāra (ya+kāra), 1. ya聲音(the letter (or sound) ya)2.ya音節(the letter (or syllable) ya)

Yakkha (yakaVedic yaka, quick ray of light, but also “ghost”; fr. yaks to move quickly),【陽】夜叉,閱叉,輕捷鬼(name of certain non-human beings, as spirits, ogres, dryads, ghosts, spooks有時分類為amanussa有時稱為devatā: S.I,205; or devaputtā: PvA.113, 139.)yakkhagaa,【陽】夜叉群衆。yakkhagāha,【陽】夜叉佔有(著魔)yakkhatta,【中】夜叉的情況。yakkhabhūta,【形】出生爲夜叉的。yakkhasamāgama,【陽】夜叉的集會。yakkhadhipa,【陽】夜叉王。Cp. rakkhasa(羅剎)

Yakkhinī(yakiṇī), yakkhī,【陰】母夜叉,夜叉女。通常與「羅剎」( rākasa)並稱。

Yagghe (indecl.) (similar in formation & meaning to tagghe (q. v.). It is ya (yad)+gha, the latter in a Māgadhised form ghe, whereas taggha (=tad+gha) only occurs as such),【形】用來稱呼長輩的忠告詞(hortative part, used in addressing a (superior) person in the Voc., followed by Pot. of jānāti, either 2nd jāneyyāsi, or 3rd sg. jāneyya; to be trsld somewhat like “look here, don’t you know,” surely, you ought to know; now then; similarly to part. ya nu, ya nūna & ya hi.)【副】確實。

yaj(yaj)﹐【字根I.】做供奉(to make an oblation),給(to give)

Yajati (yaj供奉+acp. Vedic yajati, yajus, Yajur-veda), 上供,犧牲,佈施,送禮,供養(to sacrifice, to make an offering (yaññaṁ); to give alms or gifts)。【過】yaji。【過yiṭṭha, yajita。【獨】yajitvā, yajitvāna。【現yajamāna, yajanto (D.I,52; M.I,404; Miln.21)【單】【叁】【祈】【反照】yajetha。【不】yajituṁ, yiṭṭhuṁ(D.I,138.yiṭṭhu-kāma wishing to sacrifice), yaṭṭhuṁ。【使】I. yājeti, II. yajāpeti。【未被】yajitabbagen. pl. yajataṁ Sn.569 (=Vin.I,246, where reading is jayataṁ). imper. med. yajataṁ D.I,138 (=detu bhavaṁ DA.I,300).

 

陽性(m.)

中性(n.)

陰性(f.)

(sg.)

(pl.)

(sg.)

(sg.)

(pl.)

(sg.)

pres.

yajāmi

yajāma

yajāsi

yajātha

yajati

yajanti

aor.

yajiṁ

 

 

 

ayajī, yaji

 

fut.

yajissāmi

yajissāma

yajissasi

 

 

yajissanti

pot.

yajeyyaṁ

 

yajassu(med.),

yaññaṁ

 

yajetha

(med.)

yajeyyuṁ

imper.

 

 

yajāhi, yāhi

 

yajatu,

yajataṁ (med.)

 

Yajana (late formation fr. yaj, yajati, for the earlier yañña),【中】祭典,捐獻的分配(the act of sacrificing)SnA.II,448.Mahāyaññoti mahāyajana.(大祭典︰大祭祀。)

Yajāpeti (yajati‘供養的【使】) 使供養。

Yañña (Vedic yajña, fr. yaj: see yajati),【陽】1.犧牲(a brahmanic sacrifice)2.捐獻,佈施(almsgiving, charity, a gift to the Saṅgha or a bhikkhu)參考 yāgayaññasāmī,【陽】犧牲者,施主。yaññāvāṭa,【陽】犧牲的深坑。yaññupanīta,【形】爲犧牲帶來的。mahāyañña,【陽】大祭典,作醮(ㄐㄧㄠˋ)(refers to the brahmanic ritual (M.II,204; DhsA.145.))

Yaṭṭhi(cp. Vedic yaṣṭi. Another Pāḷi form is laṭṭhi),【陽】【陰】1.棍,棒,手杖,柄,桿,拐杖(a staff, stick, pole)2.七腕尺的長度(=7 ratanas,VbhA.343.)yaṭṭhikoi,【陰】棒端。yaṭṭhimadhukā,【陰】甘草屬植物(liquorice)ucchuyaṭṭhi, 甘蔗(sugarstick, sugar-cane, =ucchu-khaṇḍika)yaṭṭhiluddaka, 棍棒獵手(“stick-hunter” at J.IV,392 means a hunter with a lasso)yaṭṭhisammajjanī,【陰】(有柄的)掃帚。

yat(yat)﹐【字根I.VII.】嘗試、企圖(to attempt)

Yata (yamati 的【過), 已制止,已控制,已抑制(held, checked, controlled, restrained, careful)

Yatati (yat+a), 盡力,努力。【過】yati

Yatana(fr. yat, cp. Epic Sk. yatna),【中】努力(endeavour, undertaking)

Yati(<yat, cp. Vedic yati leader, guide),【陽】出家人(a Buddhist monk)Vism.79Ābhujitvāna pallaka, paidhāya uju tanu; Nisīdanto vikampeti, mārassa hadaya yati.(結跏趺坐正身的行者,動亂了魔的心。)

Yato(the Abl. case of yayato, used as conjunction, cp. Vedic yataḥ wherefrom, by which, out of which),【無】從哪裡,從何處,以後,因爲,由於。

Yattaka (fr. yāvant, a late formation),【形】無論多少的,無論如何,不管有幾多的(however much, whatever, as many)

Yattha, yatra,【副】無論那裡,哪裡。yattha yattha, 無論那裡(wherever (he likes) A.II,64.yattha kāmaṁ, 隨個人的喜歡(cp. yathākāmaṁ in same meaning) where to one’s liking)yathākāmakārita, 為所欲為。yatth-icchakaṁ, 隨個人的喜歡(almost identical (originally variant?) with yadicchakaṁ and yāvadicchakaṁ)

Yathatta,【中】真實,本性,真面目。

Yathariva (yathā+iva),【無】正如,正當,正像。

Yathā,【副】同樣地,可能,關於,涉及,與相比,依照,在任何方式,正如(as, like, in relation to, after (the manner of))yathākamma,【副】依照個人的行動。yathākāma,【副】依照個人的心願,隨意。yathākāmakārī,【陽】爲所欲爲的人。yathākārī,【形】正如他所做的。yathākāla,【陽】適當的時間。yathākāla,【副】在適當的時間。yathākkama,【副】整齊,狀況良好,適宜,接著,接連地。yathāṭhita,【形】像現在這樣的;正如站著的。yathātatha,【形】真實的,真正的。yathātatha,【副】依照事實。yathādhamma,【副】依照法。yathādhota,【形】好像被洗的。yathānusiṭṭa,【副】符合忠告。yathānubhāva,【副】依照個人的能力。yathāpasāda,【副】依照個人的滿足。yathāpūrita,【形】所能充滿的。yathāphāsuka,【形】舒服的。yathābala,【副】依照個人的力量。yathābhata,【副】像現在這樣的被攜帶。yathābhiranta,【形】喜歡多久就多久的。yathābhucca, yathābhūta,【形】真正的,顯然的,依照事實的。yathābhūta,【副】真實地,實在,實際上,事實上,實質上。yathāyaṁ(=yathā + aya) , 【陽..單】如,yathāraha,【副】適宜時,適當時,根據情況yathāruci,【副】依照愛好。yathāvato,【副】實質上。yathāvidhi,【副】的確,適當地。yathāvihita,【形】正如安排的。yathāvuḍḍha,【副】依照輩份。yathāvutta,【形】上述的。yathāvutta,【副】如上所說,按照之前所規定。yathāsaka,【形】依照個人的所有權的。yathāsaka,【副】每個人自己的。yathāsatti,【副】依照個人的力量。yathāsaddha,【副】依照個人的熱愛。yathāsukha,【副】安樂地。Ida dukkha yathābhūta pajānāti,如實知此是苦、知此苦如真。yathā yathā…tathā tathā﹐如此如此如是如是。

Yathābhūtadassana,【中】如實知見。

Yathicchita,【副】隨個人的喜歡。

yad, 【關】1.凡是[…](【中】【單】【主】【業】【關】)2.我﹑你﹑彼(【中】【單】【主】【業】【關】)

yadida,  yad ida,  yad idam ( yad凡是 + ida(【中】【單】【主】), 【無】就是(直譯︰凡是此者,“as that”=yāvañ c’idaṁ)

Yadā(Vedic yadā),【副】每當,(when)yadātadā…=…, 那時…(when…then)yadi…, tadā…=…, …(if…then)yattha…,tattha…該處…, 此處…(where…there)yathā…,tathā…=正如…,這樣(as…in this way)yasmā…,tasmā…=因為…, 所以…(since…therefore)tathā…,yathā…=(如此…,)以便…(so…that)

Yadi,【無】如果,然而,(if)yadidaṁ(yadi+idaṁ),【無】這是哪一,是,即yadi eva,如果這樣(if so, in that case, let it be that, alright, now then)

Yanta (Vedic yantra),【中】把持,機器(a means for holding, contrivance, artifice, instrument, machine, mechanism)yantanāḷi,【陰】機械的管。yantamutta,【形】經過機器抛出或射擊的。yantayutta,【形】以機器連接的。

Yantaka (fr. yanta),門栓,螺絲(a bolt)

Yantika,【陽】機械工。

yam﹐【字根I.】檢查(to check)cp. (yam / yach)=抵達(reach)

Yama1(< yam), 克制(restraint PvA.98 (+niyama))

Yama2,【陽】閻摩(死亡王國的統治者)( the ruler of the kingdom of the dead)yamadūta,【陽】閻摩的使者(死亡的報信者)yamapurisa,【陽】閻摩的人(地獄的兵卒)yamarāja,【陽】閻摩王。yamaloka,【陽】亡靈的世界。yamavisaya=yamalokayamasādana, 閻摩的王國,閻摩界。

Yama3 (Vedic yama=yama2; fr. yam in meaning “to combine,” cp. Av. y&schwamacr;ma twin, Mir. emuin id.) ,【陽】一雙,一對。

Yamaka,【形】兩倍的,雙胞胎的,一對的,相似的。【中】()對,()雙。yamakasāla,【陽】一對的(或雙胞胎的)婆羅雙樹。《雙論》(Yamaka)︰內容係以雙對問答之方式闡明諸法相互之攝不攝、起滅等關係,共分十品,即根本、蘊、處、界、諦、行、隨眠、心、法、根等十雙論。各品又通立施設分、轉分、遍知分三分說明,其中,施設分列舉各品論述的法數;轉分,則深入探討各問題;遍知分,則界定各法遍知。但十品中,有三品結構特異,即第一、八品均未立轉分及遍知分,而第七品則分為隨增分、有隨眠分、斷分、遍知分、已斷分、生分、界分等七分。(《中華佛教百科全書()p.3253.1~2)

Yava,【陽】大麥(barely)yavasūka,【陽】()芒。

Yavasa(< yava; Vedic yavasa),【陽】草,乾草,草料(grass, hay, fodder)

Yasavant (cp. Vedic yaśasvat,【形】著名的(famous, having renown)

Yasassin (Vedic yaśasvin,【形】光榮的,著名的(glorious, famous, renowned, having all endowments or comforts of life)f. yasassinī shining, resplendent J.V,64.

Yasassimant (adj.) [double adj. ending; yasas+vin+ mant] splendid, glorious, full of splendour

yas﹐【字根III.】試圖、努力(to endeavour)cp. (yas/ ye)熱,激昂(be heated)

Yaso & Yasa (Vedic yaśa)【陽】【中】(mano-group), 名聲,名望,光榮,榮光,成功,(要人的一批)隨行人員(glory, fame, repute, success, high position)yasadāyaka,【形】財富的施主,名望的施主。yasamahatta,【中】大名望,大財富,高地位。yasalābha,【陽】獲得名望,獲得財富。Nom. & Acc. sg. both forms yaso & yasa()

Yasodhara,【形】出名的。

Yasoladdha,【形】通過名望而獲得的。

Yasmātasmā﹐若,則。因為,所以

Yaha, yahi,【副】哪裡,無論那裡,無論什麽情況下。

Ya (ya 的【中、單】), 哪個,無論什麽事物。【副】因爲。yakiñci﹐無論何物(whatever)yakadāci﹐無論何時(whenever)yattha katthaci﹐無論何處(wherever)

yā(yā)﹐【字根I.】去(to go)

Yā (ya 的【陰.單】), 她,無論什麽女人。

Yāga(< yaj, *Sk. yāga, cp. yañña & yaja),【陽】1.犧牲,給捐獻的,佈施(a (brahmanic) sacrifice, known otherwise as mahāyāga (or pl. °yāgā), and consisting of the 4: assamedha, purisamedha, sammāpāsa, vāja-peyya. Thus mentioned at S.I,76 & Sn.303.)2.佈施(In Buddhistic sense: gift, alms giving, charity; expense or expenditure of giving (almost syn. with cāga)

Yāgin (<yāga),【形】犧牲,給捐獻的,佈施(sacrificing, giving, spending S I.19=J IV.66 (sahassayāgī, giving the worth of a thousand pieces)

Yāgu,【陰】稀粥(rice-gruel, rice-milk (to drink)),台語︰糜(be5/mue5)(A.5.207./III,250.說:粥有五利,即:khudda paihanati(治飢), pipāsa paivineti(除渴), vāta anulometi(順風), vatthi sodheti(清淨膀胱), āmāvasesa pāceti(消化胃之殘食)。另參考《律藏》〈大品〉藥犍度Vin.I,221.(CS:p.315);《四分律》卷第五十九:食粥五事好:除飢、解渴、消宿食、大小便通利、除風。是為五。(T22.1005.3))

yāc(yāc)﹐【字根I.】請求(to beg)

Yācaka,【陽】乞丐,討的人(requesting, one who begs, a recipient of alms, a beggar)。【陰】yācikā

Yācati (yāc+a), 乞,討,懇求(to beg, ask for, entreat)。【過】yāci。【過yācita。【現yācanta, yācamāna。【獨】yācitvā。【不】yācitu

Yācana,【中】請求,懇求。yācanaka,【形】請求。

Yācayoga,【形】有求必應,照他人的請求(accessible to begging, one ready to comply with another’s request)SnA 414.Yācayogoti yācitu yutto.  Yo hi yācake disvāva bhakui katvā pharusavacanādīni bhaati, so na yācayogo hoti.(照他人的請求︰照乞求給。若是見到的乞求者,輕薄、言語粗暴,他就不會有求必應。)

Yācita (yācati 的【過), 已要求,已請求(begged, entreated, asked)

Yācitaka,【中】借用物(借來的東西)

Yājaka,【陽】令人犧牲的人。

Yāta (yāti進行的【過), 已離去,已進行。

Yāti (yā+a)(Vedic yāti, or yā), 繼續,著手進行,乘()(to go, go on, to proceed, to go away)。【獨】yātvāpres. 1st yāmi(=gacchāmi); 2nd yāsi; 3rd yāti (tuṇhī yāti mahodadhi); 1st pl. yāma(kiṁ na yāma, kiṁ nu yāma); 2nd yātha=imper.; 3rd yanti(=gacchanti). imper. 2nd sg. yāhi; 3rd sg. yātu; 2nd pl. yātha. ppr. yanto(pacchā yanto walking behind) Gen. yantassa. -- inf. yātave. -- another formation fr. is yāyati, in an intensive meaning of “to drive, to move on quickly or by special means,” e. g. in phrase yānena yāyati to drive in a carriage(Pot. yāyeyya);(ppr.: rathass’āṇī va yāyato) 418 (ger.: yānabhūmiṁ yāyitvā yānā oruyha). Cp. yāna as ending. -- pp. yāta. Caus. yapeti & yāpetietāyāti(etā那些(【陰】.;.)+yāti)﹐那些(這些),繼續。yāyeyya, 3s.opt

Yātrā(fr. , Class. Sk. yātrā, a n. ag. formation like nettī, meaning something like “vehicle,” that which keeps going),【陰】旅行,持續,好習慣(travel, going on, proceeding, good habit)

Yāthāva,【形】正確的,明確的(sufficient (lit. “just as much”; i. e. such as it is), sufficiently founded, logical, consistent, exact, definite, true)yathāvato,【副】完全地。

Yādisa, yādisaka(Vedic yādṛś & yādṛsa, yad+dṛśa),【形】無論一個,無論什麽,相似的(which like, what like, whichever, how much)

Yāna(fr. , as in yāti. Cp. Vedic yāna),【中】1.,進行(going, proceeding)2.馬車,交通工具(means of motion, carriage, vehicle)yānaka,【中】小馬車。yānagata,【形】登上馬車的。yānabhūmi,【陰】馬車可通行的地方。bhaddayāna, (國王的)(ㄋㄧㄢˇ)輿(ˊ)

Yānika & Yāniya, (--°)(<yāna)【形】1.引導至。2.習慣於。

Yānin(<yāna),【陽】趕車人(one who drives in a carriage)yānīkata,【形】成習慣的,精通的。

Yāpana, Yapana (fr. yāpeti. Cp. Epic & Class. Sk. yāpana),【中】生計,滋養,身體的持續(keeping going, sustenance, feeding, nourishment, existence, living)yāpanīya,【形】足夠維持個人的生活。

Yāpeti, Yapeti (yā+āpeCaus. of yāti), 滋養,持續,維持個人的生活。【過】yāpesi。【過yāpita。【現yāpenta。【獨】yāpetvā

Yāma,【陽】1.(=ekayama)夜晚的一個時分(一夜有三個時分,初夜(rattiyā pahama yāmaṁ) 6-10pm,中夜(rattiyā majjhima yāma)10am-2am,後夜(rattiyā pacchima yāma)2-6am),一夜的⅓(四個時辰)2.夜摩天,是極樂之境,其王是善夜摩王(Suyāma)或夜摩王(Yāma)。生夜摩天(欲界天第三天)以上較高的欲界天(kāmavacara-sugatibhavavisesa欲界善趣的勝處),需臨終入近行定。yāmakālika,【形】時分藥,非時藥(佛教出家人被允許在午後和夜晚食用的藥物)。《大品》〈藥犍度〉246頁記載,佛陀沿用婆羅門的規定,也准許比丘們飲用「非時漿」──即「非時藥」,其中包括八種果汁:1.ambapāna:芒果汁。2.jambupāna:蓮霧汁。3.cocapāna:椰子汁。4.mocapāna:香蕉汁。5.madhupāna:蜂蜜汁。6.muddikāpāna葡萄汁。7.sālukapāna:蓮藕汁。8.phārusakapāna:三色花()汁。

Yāyin(fr. , see yāti),【陽】去的人(going, going on to)(在【合】中), 例:sīghayāyī

Yāva,【無】一直到,等於,至於,卻未,遠到,遠得很(so long as…(not))yāvakālika,【形】臨時的。yāvakīva,只要。yāvajīva,【形】一生的,終身的,畢生的。yāvajīva,【副】個人一生壽命的長久。yāvajīvika,【形】活足一生的壽命。yāvataka,【形】差不多,和一樣多,遠到。yāvatatiya,【副】直到第三次。yāvadattha,【副】就個人的喜歡,至於需要。yāvadeva(yāva這麼多+d+eva只是) 僅僅只是

Yāvataka (< yāva, as tāvataka fr. tāva) ,【形】僅僅,只是(as much as, as many as, as far as, whatever; usually in correl. with tāvataka e.g. Vin.I,83 (yāvataka . . . tāvataka)f. yāvatikā: yāvatikā gati tāvatika gantvā A.I,112

Yāvatā,【無】無論多少的,直到,至於(AA.4.34./III,74.Yāvatāti yattakā.(無論多少的︰不管有多少的))yāvatāyuka,【副】一生(壽命持續之長久)yāvatāvatiha,【副】和一樣多的日子。

Yiṭṭha (yajati 的【過), 已授予,已犧牲(sacrificed)SA.24.5.Yiṭṭha vuccati mahāyāgo.(上供品︰被稱爲「大牲醴」)DhA(v.108)Yiṭṭhanti yebhuyyena magalakiriyādivasesu dinnadāna.(上供品:一般而言,在慶典等場合,以豐盛的施物祭祀。)

Yuga(< yuj; Vedic yuga (to which also yoga)),【中】1.犁、(台語:牛擔gu5 tann) ( the yoke of a plough (usually) or a carriage)1.()對,()(a pair, couple)3.時代,世代(generation, an age)yuganta,【陽】時代的終點,世代的結束。yugaggāha,【陽】專橫,敵對,競爭。yugaggāhī,【陽】對手,能勝任的。yugacchidda,【中】軛的洞。yuganaddha, yuganandha,【形】連接軛的(putting a yoke on, yoking together)yugamatta,【形】軛的距離(only the distance of a plough)yugamattañca pekkhati, 只看一犁軛長(之地)守護眼根,通常說看眼前「一尋」(vyāma),少說看「一軛長」。

Yugala, yugalaka(Class. Sk. yugala),【中】()對,()(a pair, couple)

yuj(yuj)﹐【字根II.VII.】連結、把套上軛(to yoke)

Yujjhati (yudh對抗+ya), 對抗,發動戰爭(to fight, make war)。【過】yujjhi。【過yujjhita。【現yujjhanta, yujjhamāna。【獨】yujjhitvā, yujjhiya。【不】yujjhitu

Yujjhana,【中】對抗。

Yuñjati (yuj連接+-a), 會合(to yoke),參加(to join with (Instr.or Loc.)),試圖(to exert oneself)。【過】yuñji。【過yutta。【現yuñjanta, yuñjamāna。【獨】yuñjitvā。【義】yuñjitabba。【使】yojeti2pl.yuñjathaimper. yuñjamed.imper. yuñjassupass. yujjaticaus.I. yojeti & II. yojāpeti

Yuñjana,【中】從事,參加。

Yutta (Yuñjana的【過), 已把套上軛,已束以馬具,已與關聯,已給,已參加,已適當。yuttaka,【形】適當的,適宜的。yuttakāri,【形】適當地舉止,端正地行動。

Yutti,【陰】1.應用(application, use)2.適當(fitness, vādayutti, KVA 37; in Instr. yuttiyā in accordance withAbl. yuttito Sdhp.505.)3.正義((logical) fitness, right construction, correctness of meaning)yuttito,【副】符合正義。

Yuddha,【中】打架,戰爭,打戰(war, battle, fight)yuddhabhūmi,【陰】yuddhamaṇḍala,【中】戰場。

yudh(yudh)﹐【字根III.】對抗(to fight)

Yuva(Yuvan)(Vedic yuvan),【陽】年輕人(a youth)(yuvā 的【主.單】;D.I,80=yobbanena samannāgata DA.I,223; =pahama-yobbane hita DhA.III,409; =tarua PvA.205). -- Cp. yava, yuvin & yobbana.

Yuvin (adj.-n.) [=yuvan with diff --adj. ending] young J.IV.106, 222.

Yuvatī,【陰】年輕女人。

Yūtha,【陽】(禽、畜等的)群,牧群。yūthajeṭṭha, yūthapa,【陽】獸群的領袖。

Yūpa (Vedic yūpa),【陽】1.犧牲的柱(a sacrificial post)2.宮殿(a pāsāda, or palace)

Yūsa,【陽】(水果)(juiiice),湯(soup, broth)

Yena,【副】因爲,哪裡。

Yebhuyya,【形】很多的,大部分的,豐富的(abundant, numerous, most)yebhuyyena,【副】大概,一般而言,幾乎所有。yebhuyya-vasena, 大部分(mostly, as a rule)

Yebhuyasikā, 【陰】依多數(決定)( “according to the majority”)

Yeva,【無】(強調詞)甚至(…),正好,也。

Yevāpanaka(ye+vā+pana=ya vā pana)﹐無論怎樣(whatever else there is)

Yo (【主、單】ya), 誰,若,哪個人,任何人。yo koci﹐無論誰,若有人(whoever)yo yo﹐無論何人(whoever)

Yoga (<yuj),【陽】音譯:瑜伽。連接(connection),束縛(bond),執著(attachment (to the world and its lusts)),努力(endeavour),工具(means)yogakkhema,【陽】瑜伽安穩,從執著中釋放(release from the attachments)yogayutta,【形】被執著束縛的。yogagāvacara,【陽】修瑜伽的人,修行者。yogagātiga,【形】已經征服再生的束縛者。

Yogin,【陽】修瑜伽的人,修行者(one who devotes himself to spiritual things, an earnest student)參考 Yogāvacara

Yoginī,【陰】女修行者。

Yogga1 (Vedic yogya; a grd. formation fr. yoga), 1.交通工具(a coach, carriage, waggon)2.閹牛,牛(a draughtbullock, ox(=ratha-yuga-vāhana PvA.127)3.訓練(akatayoggo(無受訓))yoggāni muñcati, 解下諸牛的套具(to unharness the oxen)

Yogga2, 中】發明,策略(a contrivance)2.【形】適當的,適宜的(fit for (=yutta), adapted to, suitable)

Yoggā (Vedic and Epic Sk. yogyā; same as yogga2, fr. yoga), 訓練(training, practice)

Yojaka,【陽】連接的人,套上軛者,著作者。

Yojana(Vedic yojana),中】1.(the yoke of a carriage(=ratha-yuga))2.由旬、踰繕那(長度單位。據佛音論師說,一隻公牛oxen走一天的距離,大約七英里,即11.2公里)。在台灣騎赤牛犅ㄍㄤ(公牛,年壯的黃牛)「日可百里」,約有二、三十公里。1 yojana = 4 gāvutas

Yojanā(*Sk. yojanā, fr. yojeti),【陰】〔語法〕造句,意見,提議,注釋((grammatical) construction; exegesis, interpretation; meaning)

Yojanika,【形】有一由旬的範圍的。

Yojāpeti, (yojeti 的【使】) 令套上軛,令結合,令準備。

Yojita (Yojeti的【過) 已結合,已套上軛,已準備,已混合(yoked, tied, bound)

Yojeti (yuj連接+e), 套上軛,束以馬具,結合,聯合,混合,應用,準備,催促。【過】yojesi。【現yojenta。【獨】yojetvā, yojiya【未被】yojetabba

Yotta,【中】縻,線,細繩(the tie of the yoke of a plough or cart)

Yodha1(=yodhin)(Vedic yodha;<yudh),【陽】軍人(a warrior, soldier, fighter, champion)yodhājīva,【陽】戰士,《雜阿含908經》譯:戰鬥活。yodhahatthin﹐戰象(a war elephant)

Yodha2(=yo’dha=yo+idha)

Yodheti(yudh對抗+e), (caus.of yujjhati)對抗(to attack),發動戰爭(to fight against)。【過】yodhesi。【過yodhita。【獨】yodhetvā(yodhetha=pahareyya DhA I.317)

yodhi,=yodhikā.

Yodhikā(有時作yūthikā),【陰】一種特別品種的茉莉花(jasmine)

yoni(Vedic yoni),【陰】1.女性的性器官或子宮(the womb),知識,種類。2.起源(origin),出生地(place of birth),生存界(realm of existence)。四種生(四生four yonis):卵生(aṇḍajaoviparous creation),胎生(胎盤中出生jalābujaviviparous),濕生(sasedajamoisture-sprung),化生(opapātikaspontaneous)tiracchānayoni。畜生胎、畜生道。M.12./I,73.“Catasso kho imā, Sāriputta, yoniyo. Katamā catasso?  Aṇḍajā yoni, jalābujā yoni, sasedajā yoni, opapātikā yoni. Katamā ca, Sāriputta, aṇḍajā yoni? Ye kho te, Sāriputta, sattā aṇḍakosa abhinibbhijja jāyanti-- aya vuccati, Sāriputta, aṇḍajā yoni. Katamā ca, Sāriputta, jalābujā yoni?  Ye kho te, Sāriputta, sattā vatthikosa abhinibbhijja jāyanti-- aya vuccati, Sāriputta, jalābujā yoni. Katamā ca, Sāriputta, sasedajā yoni?  Ye kho te, Sāriputta, sattā pūtimacche vā jāyanti pūtikuape vā pūtikummāse vā candanikāye vā oigalle vā jāyanti-- aya vuccati, Sāriputta, sasedajā yoni. Katamā ca, Sāriputta, opapātikā yoni? Devā, nerayikā, ekacce ca manussā, ekacce ca vinipātikā-- aya vuccati, Sāriputta, opapātikā yoni. Imā kho, Sāriputta, catasso yoniyo. (「舍利弗!有此四生(catasso yoniyo)。什麼是()?卵生、胎生、濕生、化生。舍利弗!什麼是卵生?有情破其卵殼而生,這叫做卵生。什麼是胎生?舍利弗!有情破其胎膜而生,這叫做胎生。什麼是濕生?舍利弗!有情於腐魚、腐屍、腐、或於污水坑、於污水而生,這叫做濕生。什麼是化生?舍利弗!諸天、地獄眾生、(某些)人、或者現於墮處(vinipātikā惡趣)。這叫做化生。」)

yoniso﹐【副】從起源地yonisomanasikāra,【陽】從起源作意。(古譯作:如理作意。proper consideration)。經中說諸佛覺悟之前都是以觀智,從根源作意(yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo)「有生故有老死緣生故有老死。」乃至「有無明故有行,緣無明而有行」;「無生故無老死,生滅乃老死滅」乃至「無無明故無行,無明滅乃行滅。」(《相應部》S.12.4~10./II,5~10S.12.65./II,104~5;《長部》D.14/II,31.;《雜阿含369經》)經文可作為yoniso manasikāra譯作「從根源作意」的最佳引證。《瑜伽師地論》說:「若於諦智增上如理及不如理。不如實知,不能盡漏;與此相違,如實知故。能盡諸漏,當知此中聞不正法,不為寂靜,不為調伏,不為涅槃,所起諸智,名不如理。聽聞正法,與上相違。當知如理。」(T30.840)【反】ayonisomanasikāra,【陽】未從起源作意。

Yobbana, yobbañña(cp.late Vedic & Epic Sk.yauvana, fr.yuvan),【中】年輕人(youth)yobbanamada,【陽】年輕的自豪(pride of youth)

 

R

 

R, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第二十七個輔音字母。發音好像漢語中的 r

Rasi, Rasmi (The form rasmi is a Sanskritism and later),【陰】1.繮繩,韁繩。2.光,光線(a rein, a ray)

Rasimant (fr. rasi),【陽】太陽(the sun, =suriya VvA.314.)。【形】發光的(having rays, radiant)n.sg. rasimā.

rakkh (rak)﹐【字根I.】保護(to protect)

Rakkha(<rakkh保護),【形】保衛者,觀察者,看守者,守衛(guarding or to be guarded)dhammarakkha, 法的保衛者(guardian of righteousness or truth Miln.344.)dūrakkha, durakkha, 難以保護(hard to guard DhA.I,295.)rakkhakathā, rukkhakathā, 保護論(warding talk)

Rakkhaka,【陽】保衛者,觀察者,看守者,守衛(one who guards; observes or keeps; a guard)

Rakkhati (rakkh保護+a), 保護,保衛,觀察,保持。【過】rakkhi。【過rakkhita。【現rakkhanta。【獨】rakkhitvā。【義】rakkhitabbaBhavatu sabbamagala rakkhantu sabbadevatā.(希望你有諸吉祥希望諸天守護你。)

Rakkhana, rakkhaa【中】保護,遵守。

Rakkhanaka (fr. rakkha),【形】保衛的,看管的(guarding, protecting, watching, taking care; f. rakkhanikā (=dāsī) DhA.IV,103 (a servant watching the house)2.觀察的(observing, keeping J.I,205 (sīlarakkhanaka))3.修習者(a cultivator J.II,110.)4.看守(a sentry)

Rakkhasa (rakas, rākasacp. Vedic raka, either fr. rak to injure, or more likely fr. rak to protect or ward off),【陽】羅刹,魔鬼(a kind of harmful (nocturnal) demon)rakkhasī,陰】羅刹女。

Rakkhā(verb-noun fr. rakkh),【陰】保護,安全,庇護所(shelter, protection, care)rakkhāparittā, 保護(A.II,73)

Rakkhita, (rakkhati 的【過), 已保護,已觀察(guarded, protected, saved)S.3.5./I,72.‘Ye kho keci kāyena duccarita caranti, vācāya duccarita caranti, manasā duccarita caranti; tesa arakkhito attā.’(任何人依身行惡行、依語行惡行、依意行惡行者,其人乃不自護。)S.3.5./I,73.Ye ca kho keci kāyena sucarita caranti, vācāya sucarita caranti, manasā sucarita caranti; tesa rakkhito attā.’(任何人依身行善行、依語行善行、依意行善行者,其人乃自護。)

Rakkhiya,【形】被保護的。

Raga1(fr. raj1),【陽】1.染料,油漆(colour, paint)ragakara,【陽】染工。ragajāta, 【中】染料。ragaratta, 染成玫瑰紅(dyed crimson, Vin.I,185=306.)ragājīva,【陽】畫家,染工。

Raga2(fr. raj2, irajyati, to straighten, order, direct etc.), 舞臺,劇場,劇本(a stage, theatre, dancing place, playhouse)ragamajjha, ragamaṇḍala,舞臺。

Racati (<rac組成)。安排,組成,準備。pp. racita.

rac﹐【字根VII.】組成(to compose)

rañj﹐【字根III.】被附上(to be attached to)

Racayati (rac組成+aya, later Sk.), 安排,組成,準備(to arrange, prepare, compose)。【過】racayi。【過racita。【獨】racitvā

Racanā(fr. rac),【陰】1.編製(花圈)(arrangement (of flowers in a garland))2.論文(omposition (of a book))

Racita [pp. of racati] 1. arranged J.V,157 (su° in C. for samocita; v. l. sucarita). -- 2. strung (of flowers) Mhvs 34, 54. -- Cp. vi°.

Racchā (Sk. rathyā. the diaeretic forms are rathiyā & rathikā),【陰】街道(a carriage road)

raj1(raj, rañj)﹐【字根I.】染(to dye, to be colored)

raj2,【字根I.】使直,指揮(to straighten, order, direct)

Raja(rajas),【陽】【中】(mano-group), 灰塵,塵垢微細之物質),污垢,花粉,雜質。據《俱舍論》卷十二載,塵又有微塵( au-rajas)、金塵( loha-rajas,又作銅塵、鐵塵)、水塵( ab-rajas)、兔毛塵( śaśa-rajas)、羊毛塵(avi-rajas)、牛毛塵(go-rajas)、隙遊塵(vātāyanacchidra-rajas。又作向遊塵、日光塵)等分別,七個極微,合為一微塵;七個微塵,合為一金塵;七金塵合為一水塵;順次類推。rajakkha,【形】(在【合】中) 弄髒的。rajakkhandha,【陽】一大堆灰塵。DhA.v.182./CS:pg.2.150-1.“Kisu adhippatī rājā, kisu rājā rajjissaro; Kathasu virajo hoti, katha bāloti vuccatī”ti.(誰是主宰王?誰是染污王?怎樣評論離染?怎樣評論愚蠢?) “Chadvārādhippatī rājā, rajjamāno rajjissaro; Arajja virajo hoti, rajja bāloti vuccatī”ti.(主宰六門者稱王。受染污者為染污王。無染者為離染。染者稱為愚蠢。)

Rajassāyatana, 染缸。SnA.v.406./II,381.Rajassāyatananti kambojādayo viya assādīna, rāgādirajassa uppattideso.(染缸︰如處在甕等之中,諸味、染等雜燴生起的地方。)

Rajaka (fr. rajati),【陽】染工、漂白工(a dyer, bleacher)。《中阿含經》作:染家。

Rajata (Vedic rajata; see etym. under rajati),【中】1.(silver)2.(money)rajatapaṭṭa, 銀碟子,銀片。DA.1./I,78.Jātarūpanti suvaṇṇa.  Rajatanti kahāpao, lohamāsako, jatumāsako, dārumāsakoti ye vohāra gacchanti.(︰貨幣、銅錢、膠錢、木錢等,凡交易用的。) hemarajata,【中】 金銀(gold & silver)rajatagabbha, 白銀的盒子(silver money box or cabinet for silver)PvA.95 (for rūpiya)

Rajati (raj(raj, rañj)+a), (to shine, to be coloured or light)。【過】raji。【獨】rajitvā。【義】rajitabba

Rajana (fr. raj),【中】塗顔色,染料,染顔色(colouring, dye)rajanakamma。【中】染。

Rajani, Rajanī(fr. raj),【陰】夜晚(the night )

Rajanīya (adj.) [grd. of rajati] of the nature of rajas, i. e. leading to lust, apt to rouse excitement, enticing, lustful

Rajanīya (grd. of rajati),【形】令人耽溺的,激情的(leading to lust, apt to rouse excitement, enticing, lustful.)

Rajojalla,【中】多泥的污垢。

Rajoharaa,【中】去除污垢,撣子。

Rajja (Sk. rājya, fr. rāj),【中】王國,君主身份(kingship, royalty, kingdom, empire; reign, throne; (fig.) sovereignty)rajjasiri,【陰】主權。rajjasīmā,【陰】國界。

Rajjati (raj +ya), 尋樂趣,執著於(to be excited, attached to (Loc.), to find pleasure in)。【過】rajji。【過ratta。【現rajjanta。【獨】rajjitvāSo bhave na rajjati, sambhave na rajjati﹐彼不染於生存,不染於出生(有樂不染,合會不著)virattacitto, 心無執著(S.35.95.)

Rajjana (fr. rajjati),【中】弄髒,污穢(defilement)

Rajju,【陰】粗繩(cord),繩索(rope)rajjugāhaka,【陽】土地測量員。

Rañjati (rañj+a), 1.(dye)2.快樂(to find delight in, to be excited)。【過】rañji。【過rajita, ratta。【現rañjanta, rañjamāna。【獨】rañjitvā。【使rañjeti, rañjāpeti

Rañjana (<rañjati) 找快樂(finding pleasure)

Rañjeti (rañj+e), 給樂趣,使染色(to cause to be coloured or dyed)。【過】rañjesi。【過rañjita。【現rañjenta。【獨】rañjetvā

Raṭṭha(Vedic rāṣṭra),【中】國家,國土(reign, kingdom, empire; country, realm)raṭṭhapiṇḍa,【陽】從民衆獲得的食物。raṭṭhavāsin, raṭṭhavāsika,【陽】國民(國家的居民)raṭṭhavantopi khattiyā,領國剎帝利(S.1.28./I,15.)

Raṭṭhika (fr. raṭṭha, cp. Sk. rāṣṭrika),【形】屬於國家的(one belonging to a kingdom, subject in general, inhabitant J.II,241 (brāhmaṇa gahapati-r.-do ārik’ādayo)2.官員(an official of the kingdom)

Raa,【中】戰爭,打戰,罪,過失。raañjaha,【形】避免激情的擾亂。SA.2.11./I,109.Raañjahāti kilesañjahā.(過失擾亂︰染污擾亂。)

Rata (ramati 的【過), 已高興,已獻身。

Ratana,【中】1.珍寶(a gem, jewel, treasure)2.珍貴(敬重之意之(cittīkataṭṭhena ratana))3.腕尺(most likely=Sk. aratni: see ratani; a linear measure)ratanattaya(cp. BSk. ratna-traya),【中】三寶(即: 佛、法、僧)ratanavara,【中】最好的珠寶。ratanapaṇīta, 珍寶。

Ratanika,【形】(在【合】中) 有很多腕尺的長度或寬度。

Rati (Classic Sk. rati, fr. ram),【陰】執著,愛(對特定的人,如戀愛),愛好(love, attachment, pleasure, liking for (Loc.), fondness)ratikīḷā,【陰】性交。arati,【反】不喜愛,厭惡(dislike, aversion)

Ratta1(pp. of rañjati, cp. Sk. rakta),【形】1.染的,有顏色的(dyed, coloured)2.紅色的(red, more like crimson. Sometimes it comes near a meaning like “shiny, shining, glittering” (as in ratta-suvaṇṇa the glittering gold))。【中】血。【過】已染色,已彩色,已性衝動。rattakkha,【形】有紅眼睛的。rattacandana,【中】紫檀( Mañjiṭṭhā)rattaphalā,【陰】紅果藤(有紅色橢圓形的果實的藤本植物)rattapaduma,【中】紅睡蓮。rattamai,【陽】紅寶石。rattatisāra,【陽】赤痢(bloody diarrhoea)

Ratta2,【中】& (poet.) Rattā,【陰】晚上((rarely) night)

Rattaññū,【形】長期存在的,已確認(of long standing, recognised)

Rattandhakāra,【陽】夜裡的黑暗。

Rattapā,【陰】水蛭(leech) (台語:蜈ngo5 khi5)

Rattāvasesa,【陽】殘餘的夜(2~3nāḍikā(24分鐘),即天亮 (aruuggamana明相)之前48~72分鐘。

Ratti (Vedic rātrī & later Sk. rātri. The by-form of ratti is ratta2),【陰】夜晚,宿(ㄒㄧㄡˇ夜的俗稱)(night)rattikkhaya,【陽】夜盡(近破曉了)rattikhitta,【形】夜晚射擊。ratticāra,【陽】夜行者。rattibhāga,【陽】夜晚時分。rattibhojana,【中】晚餐。rattindiva﹐日夜。sabbaratti﹐徹夜(夜晚的三時分)rattiyā pahamayāma, 初夜(6-10pm)rattiyā majjhimayāma, 中夜(10pm-2am)rattiyā pacchima yāma, 後夜(2-6am)rattiṭṭhānadivāṭṭhānādīsu(DhA.CS:pg.1.358.), 不分晝夜。

Rattūparata,【形】戒除在晚上吃食物的。

Ratha1,【陽】馬車(chariot),二輪戰車(two-wheeled carriage)rathakāra,【陽】造車者,木匠。rathaga,【中】馬車的一部份。rathagutti,【陰】車甲(馬車的防衛物)rathacakka,【中】車輪。rathapañjara,【陽】車身。rathayuga,【中】車軛(a chariot yoke)rathareu,【陽】車子的塵埃(36 tajjāri =1 rathareu36 rathareu =1likkhāSammohavinodani 343),恙蟲(mite。恙蟲病是一種急性熱病,感染此病原10~12天就會開始發高燒、劇烈頭痛及淋巴腺炎,若不治療,死亡率在0.6~40%之間。)rathācariya,【陽】戰車的禦者,趕車人。rathaṇīka,【中】一隊戰車。rathāroha,【陽】二輪戰車的戰士。

Ratha2 (<ram, cp.Sk.ratha)喜悅(pleasure, joy, delight)

Rathika,【陽】在二輪戰車上戰士。

Rathikā,【陰】車道,街道。

Rada,【陽】長牙。例:dvirada = 兩隻長牙()

Radati (rad)(to scratch Dhtp 159; cp. rada & radana tooth Abhp 261. J.V,505; VI,24; Miln.107.

Randhaka, randhaka-, J.IV,431 (bhatta°).

Randha1 (for Sk. raddha, pp. of randhati 2),烹調(cooked)

Randha2(Sk. randhra, fr. randhati),【中】開口處,裂縫,弱點,過失(opening, cleft, open spot; flaw, defect, weak spot)randhagavesin,【陽】挑剔者,尋弱點的人(looking for somebody’s weak spot)randhagavesita﹐挑剔。

Randhaka, randhaka-(fr. randhati 2),【形】【陽】廚子(one who cooks, cooking, a cook)

Randhati (radh or randh), 使受管制,使煩惱(to be or make subject to, (intrs.) to be in one’s power; (trs.) to harass, oppress, vex, hurt)in Imper. randhehi J.I,332.mā randhayi J.V,121, and pl. mā randhayu Dh.248 (=mā randhantu mā mathantu DhA.III,357). See also randha22.烹調(to cook (cp. Sk. randhi & randhana) Miln.107 (bhojana randheyya)pp. randha1.

Randhana,【中】烹飪,煮。

Randheti (randh+e), 煮沸,烹調。【過】randhesi。【過randhita。【獨】randhetvā

rabh﹐【字根I.】開始(to begin)

ram﹐【字根I.】樂於(to take delight in)

Rama, rama- (fr. ram),【形】樂於,可樂的(delighting, enjoyable; only in cpd. dū rama(=Sk. durama), 難以享受(difficult to enjoy, not fit for pleasures; as nt. absence of enjoyment Dh.87=S.V,24)manorama,取悅此心(gladdening the mind)

Ramaṇīya, Ramanīya(grd. of ramati),【形】令人愉快的,迷人的,嬌媚的(delightful, pleasing, charming, pleasant, beautiful)

Ramanī,【陰】女人。

Ramati (ram樂於+a), 使高興,過得快樂(to enjoy oneself, to delight in; to sport, find amusement in)。【過】rami。【過rata。【現ramanta, ramamāna。【獨】ramitvā。【不】ramitu。【使】rameti(製造歡樂氣氛)

Ramana,【中】享樂。

Rambati (& lambati) (<lamb),懸掛(to hang down)

Rambhā,【陰】芭蕉(plantain treeor banana tree. Moca)

Ramma (grd. of ramati),【形】迷人的可享受的(enjoyable, charming, beautiful)

Rammaka (Sk ramyaka),【陽】然瑪尬月(月份名,見 Citta216315)

 

Rava1 (for raya, with v. for y as freq. in Pāli),速度,飛奔(speed, exceeding swiftness, galloping)

Rava2 (fr. ru, cp. Vedic rava) ,【陽】噪音,吼,哭聲(loud sound, roar, shout, cry; any noise uttered by animals)ravana,【中】吼聲,嚎叫。

Ravaka =rava, in goravaka, 牛吼(a cow’s bellowing)

Ravati (ru+a), 發出噪音,哭。【過】ravi。【現ravanta, ravamāna。【獨】ravitvā。【過ravita, ruta

Ravi(cp. Sk. ravi),【陽】太陽(the sun)ravihasa,【陽】太陽鵝”(鳥名)

Ravivāro﹐【陽】星期日(sunday)

Rasa1,【陽】1.味道,汁,滋味,水銀。rasagga,【中】最好的味道。rasajana,【中】洗眼劑。rasatahā,【陰】渴望味道。rasavatī,【陰】廚房。rasaharaṇī,【陰】味蕾。rasāyanika﹐化學家(chemist)

2.作用。DhsA.(CS:p.106)Kicca vā sampatti vā raso nāma.(()或達成,稱為作用)

Rasa2, rasa-, (is a dial. form of -dasa ten, and occurs in Classic Pāli only in the numerals for 13 (terasa), 15 (paṇṇa-rasa, pannarasa), 17 (sattarasa) & 18 (aṭṭhārasa, late)

Rasaka (fr. rasa, cp. Classic Sk. rasaka),【陽】廚子(a cook)

Rasanā,【陰】女人的腰帶。見 mekhalā

Rasāvin (fr. rasa) ,【形】(tasting)

Rasmi(=rasi),【陰】繩索,繮繩,光線。

Rassa,【形】短的,像侏儒的,矮小的。rassatta,【中】短。

rah﹐【字根I.】離開、放棄(to quit)

Rahada,【陽】湖(a (deep) pond, a lake)

Rahassa (Sk. rahasya),【形】【中】秘密(secret, private)

Rahāyati (denom. fr. rahas; not corresponding to Sk. rahayati), 成為孤獨(to be lonely, to wish to be alone)

Rahita [pp. of rah] 1.

Rahābhāva,【陽】秘密。Sp.Pārā.I,115.evamesa na kadāci karotīti pāpakarae rahābhāvatopi araha.(如此,不會某時秘密作惡,為阿羅漢)

Rahita,【形】1.孤獨,遺棄(lonely, forsaken)2.剝奪的,沒有的(deprived of, without (rahita-))

Rahas & Raho (Vedic rahas),【無】秘密地,在保密中。rahogata,【形】到隱密的地方的。

Rāga(vi+rāga<raj(著色)梵巴同) see rajati),【陽】1.顔色,染料(color, hue; coloring, dye)2.染著肉欲(excitement, passion)rañjan’aṭṭhena rāgo(找樂子之義為) (DhsA 363)rāgakkhaya,【陽】染盡,貪染的毀滅。rāgaggi,【陽】欲火。rāgacarita,【形】好色的行爲。rāgaratta,【形】起好色心的。sarāga,【形】有染的。

Rāgin, rāgin-(fr. rāga),【形】好色的 (one who shows passion for, possessed of lust, affected with passion)

rāj﹐【字根I.】使發光(to shine)

Rājā (Rājan) (cp. Vedic rājā),【陽】國王(king),統治者(a ruling potentate)。單..rājā;複.rājāno;單..rājarājā;複.rājāno;單..rājānaṁrāja;複..rājano;單..rājarājinā [rajña]rājena;複..raññābhirājûhirājehi;單..rāññārājamhārājasmā;複..raññābhirājûhirājehi;單..﹑屬.rāñño [rājñaḥ]raññassarājino;複..﹑屬.rañña[rājñaṁ]rājūnarājāna;單.raññeraññirājamhirājasmi;複..rājusurājesurājakakudhabhaṇḍa,【中】皇室的徽章,王位的標誌(如王冠等)rājakathā,【陰】王論。rājakammika,【陽】政府官員。rājakumāra, rājaputta﹐【陽】王子(prince)rājakumārī, rājakaññā, rājadhītā﹐【陰】公主(princess)rājakula,【中】王室,王宮。Rājageha,【中】王舍()rājabhavana, rājamandira,【中】王宮。rājāṅgaa,【中】宮殿的庭院。rājadaṇḍa,【陽】國王諭旨的處罰。rājadāya,【陽】王室禮物。rājadūta,【陽】國王的報信者或外交使節。rājadevī,【陰】王妃(國王的配偶)rājadhamma,【陽】王法。rājadhāni,【陰】王城。rājadhītu, rājaputtī,【陰】公主。rājanivesana,【中】國王的住所。rājantepura,【中】王室閨房,宮殿場所。rājaparisā,【陰】國王的隨行人員,王室集會。rājaputta,【陽】王子。rājapurisa,【陽】國王的人。rājaporisa,【中】公職。rājabali,【陽】國王抽的稅。rājabhaa,【陽】軍人。rājabhaya,【中】對國王的恐懼。rājabhogga,【形】適合被國王用的。rājamahāmatta,【陽】總理,大臣,宰相。rājamahesī, rājinī,【陰】皇后,王后(queen)cf. mahesīrājamuddā,【陰】王印。rājaratha,【陽】皇家馬車。rājavara,【陽】高貴的國王。rājavallabha,【形】熟悉國王的,國王喜歡的事物。rājasampatti,【陰】國王的光彩壯麗。

Rājagaha(Rājagha, Rajagriha; 今稱Rajgir),【中】王舍(),今位於印度比哈爾省(Indian state of Bihar, Located at 25°03' N85°42' E)巴特那市(Patna)南側。平均海拔73公尺( metres =239 feet),四周有五山圍繞,王舍城到舍衛城45由旬(見《本生經》J.12),約540公里。王舍城附近有五山:1.鷲峰,Gijjhakūṭa pabbata(Griddhkūṭa;印Griddhraj Parvat or Gridhra-kuta Hill;英Vulture Peak,此山位於王舍城東北十里之處,為圍繞王舍城的五山中之最高山。位於中印度摩羯陀國首都王舍城之東北側。位置在24°18' N and 81°15' E.;海拔717公尺(2354 feet))2.般荼婆(Paṇḍava)()3.負重(Vebhāra)(),音譯毘婆羅。4.吞仙山(Isigili)(),音譯伊師耆利。5.方廣山(Vepulla)(),音譯毘富羅山。頻婆娑羅王時,由上茅宮城(Kuśāgrapura,又稱舊王舍城)遷都至此。摩羯陀國(Magadha)之都城本城出土遺留陶瓷可以追溯至西元前1000,但是當時人類活動的實情尚為無知。

Rājadhamma,【陽】王法(國王的職責)dasa rājadhammā(dasasu rājadhammesu),【陽】十王法;J.v.534.(JA.III,274., III,320., III,412., *V,378.)1Dāna 2sīla 3pariccāga, 4ajjava 5maddava 6tapa; 7akkodha 8avihisañca, 9khantiñca 10avirodhana.(一、佈施。二、持戒。三、大捨施。四、誠實。五、文雅(溫和)。六、熱心。七、無瞋。八、無害。九、忍耐。十、無敵意。) JA.534./.V,378.Dānādīsu dasavatthukā cetanā dāna, pañcasīladasasīlāni sīla, deyyadhammacāgo (V,379.) pariccāgo, ujubhāvo ajjava, mudubhāvo maddava, uposathakamma tapo, mettāpubbabhāgo akkodho, karuṇāpubbabhāgo avihisā, adhivāsanā khanti, avirodho avirodhana.(一、佈施(施捨)財等十類的心。二、持戒︰受持五戒、十戒。三、大捨施︰作正法之施。四、誠實︰正直。五、溫和︰柔軟。六、熱心︰布薩法(於齋戒日受八戒)七、無瞋︰慈的前方便。八、無害︰悲的前方便。九、忍耐︰堅忍。十、無敵意︰無敵對。)

Rājañña(fr. rājā, cp, Vedic rājanya),【陽】戰士階級的人(印度的世襲階級)( “royalty”; a high courtier, a khattiya (=rājabhogga

Rājati (rāj+a) (cp. rajati & rañjati), 照耀(to shine)。【過】rāji。【過rājita。【現rajamāna

Rājatta,【中】君主身份。

Rājaratha,【陽】皇家馬車。Dhp.v.151.Jīranti ve rājarathā sucittā, atho sarīram pi jara upeti. Sataña dhammo na jara upeti, santo have sabbhi pavedayanti.(富麗輦輿要當朽,色身老來亦當同。唯善人法(=聖教)永不老,善人在在傳真善。) cf. bhaddayāna, 【中】輦輿(ㄋㄧㄢˇˊ)

Rājahasa,【陽】國王天鵝(其喙和腳皆紅色)

Rājāṇā,【陰】國王的諭令。

Rājānubhāva,【陽】國王的壯麗或最高權威。

Rājāmacca,【陽】王室部長。

Rājāyatana,【陽】闊葉山檨子(Buchanania Latifolia Khīrikā)

Rāji1 (cp. Sk. rāji),【陰】()排,線,行列(a streak, line, row)

Rāji2 (fr. rāga?), 意見不合,爭吵(dissension, quarrel)sagharāji,僧諍 (+saghabheda破僧)

Rājita,【過】已燦爛,已照耀。Cp. virājita

Rājiddhi,【陰】王室力量。

Rājin (fr. rāji) ,【形】有斑紋、有線條(having streaks or stripes)uddhaggarājin, 顯著的。

Rājinī,【陰】皇后。

Rājisi,【陽】王室預言者。

Rājupaṭṭhāna,【中】對國王的伺候。

Rājuyyāna,【中】(國王的)御花園。

Rājorodha,【陽】國王的閨房,王妃。

Rādheti1 [Caus. of rādh to succeed, rādhyate. The root is given at Dhtp 420 & Dhtm 656 in meaning “sasiddhiya,” i. e. of success. See etym. at Walde, Lat. Wtb. s. v. reor.] to please: see cpds. abhi° apa°, ā°, vi°.

Rādheti2 (rādh? Given at Dhtp 424 & Dhtm 656 in meaning “hisāya,” i. e. of hurting),殺。

Rāma (fr. ram; cp. Vedic rāma), 快樂(pleasure, sport, amusement)rāmakara, 找樂子(having pleasure, sporting, making love)

Rāmaeyyaka,【形】愉快的,可愛的(pleasant, agreeable, lovely)

Rāva,【陽】哭聲,嚎叫,噪音。

Rāsi(Vedic rāśi),【陽】1.堆,量,聚集(heap, quantity, mass)2.財聚( (store of) wealth, riches)rāsivaḍḍhaka,【陽】收入的管理員。

Rāhaseyyaka,【形】隱蔽的,秘密的(“having one’s bed in loneliness,” living in seclusion or secrecy)manussarāhasseyyaka, manussarāhaseyyaka,適合躺在無人干擾之處(“fit to lie undisturbed by men” Vin.I,39.)

Rāhu,【陽】羅睺(阿修羅王的名字),月蝕,日蝕。rāhumukha,【中】羅睺口刑(一種處罰)A.4.15./II,17.Etadagga, bhikkhave, attabhāvīna yadida—Rāhu Aasurindo.(諸比丘!於有身體的眾生當中,羅睺(阿修羅王)為最大。)(他的身有四千八百由旬,手臂有一千兩百由旬大小眉間五十由旬,手指頭、腳趾頭的間隔和手掌有二百由旬)

Rāhula,【陽】羅睺羅(人名)。今印度語作︰Rahul;本名字已在美國出生孩子的名字千名之內。

riñc﹐【字根II.】倒空(to empty)

Riñcati (riñc倒空+-a), 疏忽,放棄,倒空(leaving behind, giving up)。【過】riñci。【過ritta。【獨】riñcitvā。【現riñcamāna

Ritta (Riñcati’倒空的【過; cp. atireka), 已缺乏,已空,已擺脫(devoid, empty, free, rid (of))rittamuṭṭhi,【陽】空拳。rittahattha,【形】空手的。

ru﹐【字根I.】製造噪音(to make a noise)

Rukkha(Sk. ruka),陽】樹(rakkha at J.III,144.)rukkhakoṭṭaka, 啄木鳥((rukkhasakua) the wood-pecker)rukkhagahaa,【中】樹叢。rukkhadevatā,【陰】樹神。rukkhamūla,【中】樹根(樹底下)rukkhamūlika,【形】樹下住(居住在樹下的人)rukkhasusira,【中】空心樹。rukkhantara,【中】樹木的內部(the inside of a tree PvA.63)

Rukkhagahana, rukkhagahaa,【中】樹叢,樹欉() (tree-thicket or entanglement)rukkhapāṇikā,木質湯匙(a wooden spoon Vism.124 (opp. to pāsāṇarukkha).

ruc(ruc)﹐【字根I.】使發光(to shine)

ruc﹐【字根VII.】高興(to please)

Ruci (fr. ruc, cp. Vedic ruc),【陰】1.亮麗,光(splendour, light, brightness)2.傾向,愛好(inclination, liking, pleasure)rucika,【形】(在【合】中) 有傾向的。

Rucira,【形】愉快的,美麗的。

Ruccati (ruc高興+ya), 尋開心,喜歡(to find delight or pleasure in (Loc.), to please, to indulge in, set one’s mind on)。【過】rucci。【過ruccita。【獨】ruccitvā

Ruccana,【中】愛好,選擇(hurting, feeling pain)ruccanaka,【形】令人喜愛的,滿意的。

ruj﹐【字根I.】使痛苦(to pain)

Rujati(= rujjati)(ruj使痛苦+a), 覺得疼,痛(to break, crush; lit. to (cause) pain, to afflict, hurt)。【過】ruji。【過lugga。【獨】rujitvā。【未】rucchiti(cp. Sk. rokyate)

Rujana,【中】rujā,【陰】疼,痛(hurting, feeling pain)rujanaka,【形】痛的。

Rujjhati (rudh(rudh)阻礙+ya) (pass. of rundhati), 被阻隔,被避免(to be broken up, to be destroyed)。【過】rujjhi。【過ruddha

Ruṭṭha (russati 的【過】;pp. of ru; Sk. ruṣṭa), 已惱怒,已激怒(vexed, cross, enraged)

Ruṇṇa, Roṇṇa, (rudati的【過】;for Sk. rudita, after analogy of other roots in --d, as tud>tunna, pad>panna, nud> nunna. The BSk. forms are both ruṇḍa), 已哭泣,已悲歎。

Ruda(=Ruta),中】(鳥、獸等)叫,啼,嗥,鳴。

Rudati & Rodati (rud+a), 哭,哀悼(to cry, lament, weep, wail)。【過】rudi。【過rudita, ruta。【現rudanta, rudamāna。【獨】ruditvā

Rudammukha,【形】含淚的臉的。

Ruddha, Rujjhati

rudh(by-form rubh) (rundh or rudh)﹐【字根II.】阻礙(to hinder)→Rundhati

rudh (rudh),【字根III.】需要(加接頭詞ana) (to desire (with prefix ana))抑制、防護(to restrain)

Rudhira,【中】血(blood)

Rundhati (rudh(rundh or rudh)+-a), 防止,阻隔,圍困,監禁。【過】rundhi。【過rundhita, ruddha。【獨】rundhitvā

Rundhana,【中】預防,關押。

rup﹐【字根VII.】改變(to change),毀滅(perish)cp.(rup), 打破(break)

Ruppati (rup+yarup=lup),被惱怒(to be vexed),被改變(to be changed)。【過】ruppi。【現ruppamāna。《大義釋注》(Nd1A., CS:p.11)ruppatīti kuppati ghaṭṭīyati pīḷīyati, bhijjatīti attho.(‘被破壞︰干擾敲擊逼迫破碎之意)

Ruppana,【中】持續的變化(molestation, vexation)

Ruru(Vedic ruru),【陽】一種牡鹿(a sort of deer, a stag; usually called rurumiga J.IV,256, 261; V,406 (pl. rohitā rurū), 416.)cp. ruruva.

Rusita [pp. of ru to be vexed. The Dhtp defines by “rose” (306, 450), “pārusiye” (626); Dhtm has 2 roots viz. one with “ālepe” (442), the other with “hisāya” (443)] annoyed, irritated, offended Sn.932, 971 (expld by Nd1 498 as “khusita, vambhita, ghaṭṭita” etc.). See rosa, roseti etc.

rus﹐【字根I.III.VII.】生氣(to get angry)

ruh(ruh)﹐【字根I.】生長(to grow)

Ruha1, ruha-, (fr. ruh: see rūhati,【形】(在【合】中) 成長的(growing, a tree, in cpds.: jagatiruha, dharairuha, mahīruha, etc.)

Ruha2 (poetical for ruhira (rohita)=lohita), (blood, in cpd. ruhaghasa blood-eater, a name for panther)

Rūhati1, 1.成長(to grow, spread It.67; J.IV.408 (akkhīni rūhisu; also ppr. med. ruyhamāna))2.治療,靠近(to heal (of a wound), close up Vin.I,206 (vao na rūhati))3.有效(to have effect in (Loc.), to be effective Vin.II,203=It.87 (vādo tamhi na rūhati))pp. rūḷha2. See also rūhita (pp. of Caus. rūheti=roheti)

Rūhati2 (for rundh (rumbh, rudh), or Pass. rujjh°; see also rumbhati & ropeti2), 被打破(to be broken or (fig.) to be suspended Vin.II,55 (dhammattā rūhati the liability is cancelled)pp. rūḷha1.

Rūhanā (cp. Sk. rohaa, fr. ruh: rūhati1),【陰】1.成長(growth)2.治療(healing)

Rūhita (< rūhati1), 【中】瘡(a boil, a diseased growth (lit. “healed”) Vin.IV,316 (expld as “ya kiñci vao”; v. l. rudhita).

Rekhā (f.) [fr. rikh, for which the Pāli form is likh, cp. Sk. rekhā] line, streak Abhp 539. See lekhā.

Rūpa, (<ruppati< rup(改變﹑毀滅))【中】色(),外形,體形,圖像,視野(眼睛的對象,即:所看到的東西),物質元素(即:地、水、火、風所組成的物質體)。世尊說:「諸比丘!你們如何說色(rūpa)被破壞’(ruppati<rup(改變﹑毀滅))故,諸比丘!由於它,它被叫做’(rūpa) (梵文rūpyata iti rūpam)。何以被破壞?以寒冷破壞,以炎熱破壞,以飢餓破壞,以口渴破壞,以虻(asa=pigalamakkhikā牛虻)、蚊(makasa)、風(vātā =kucchivāta-piṭṭhivātādivasa受胃腸風、背部風等的支配)、熱(ātapo= sūriyātapo太陽熱)、毒蟲類(sarīsapa蛇、蠍等)所咬而變壞。被破壞故,諸比丘!由於它,它被叫做。」(《相應部》S.22:79/III,86) rūpaka,【中】小體形,直喻。rūpakalāpa﹐色聚(物質的最小單位,最小含有八種成份:地、水、火、風、色、香、味、食素)rūpatahā,【陰】色愛(色相的渴望),或潔癖 (suddhe rūpabhavasmiyeva tahā rūpatahā. DhsA.#1065)rūpadassana,【中】見色(視界的察覺)rūpanimitta﹐色相。rūpabhava,【陽】色有(梵天世界)rūparāga,【陽】色染(渴望出生在色相的世界)rūpavantu,【形】英俊的。rūpasampatti,【陰】美好的東西。rūpasiri,【陰】個人的光彩壯麗。rūpārammaa,【中】色所緣(顏色)rūpavacara,【形】色界的。

Rūpakammaṭṭhāna色業處。色業處的修法:色業處(rūpakammaṭṭhāna):先修「四界分別觀」(catudhātuvavatthāna四界差別觀),反覆觀察四大種的十二種特相(地界:硬(kakkhalahardness)、粗(pharusa, roughness)、重(garuka, heaviness)、軟(muduka , softness)、滑(saha , smoothness)、輕(lahuka, light)水界:流動(paggharaa, flowing)、粘(abandhana , cohesion;由外向內的內聚力)火界:熱(uha , heat)、冷(sīta, coldness)風界:剛強(vitthambhanarigiditymaintaining)、推動(samudīraa, pushing;由內向外),若完全熟練之後,全身變成透明狀,進一步用功,可以觀察到色聚(rūpakalāpa)當能夠看到色聚時,辨明每粒色聚裏所有的色法,譬如「地、水、火、風、色、香、味、食素」。身體中有二十八種色法,它以8個乃至13個的的型態結合。觀察它們必須由:「處門」(āyatana dvāra)根門裡的所有色法,身體部分的所有色法,所有四十二身分(三十二身分之外,另外加上:1.體內的四種火界2.體內的四種風界)。禪修者須破除三種密集(rūpa ghana,或色厚)相續組合功用 一、「相續密集(santati ghana):見到各種色聚,色法到了「住位」時,製造的幾代食素八法聚。二、「組合密集(samūha ghana):當能夠分別究竟色(paramattha rūpa)的自性相(sabhāva rūpa,即硬、軟等。),即已破除了組合密集。三、「功用密集(kicca ghana):見到色聚裡的每個究竟色的作用(淨色的作用是牽引心路過程至色所緣()心所依處的作用是作為意界和意識界的依處等等)(請參考帕奧禪師《智慧之光》)

Rūpatā (abstr. fr. rūpa),【陰】形狀相貌((being) shape(d), appearance; accordance, conformity, in phrase bhavya-rūpatāya “by appearance of likelihood” A.II,191 (in hearsay formula, where it is missing in id. passage at Nd2 151).

Rūpatta (abstr. fr. rūpa),【中】(lit. “form-hood,” i. e. shaping (being) shape(d) S.III,87 (rūpa rūpattāya sakhāta))

Rūpavant, -rūpavant (rūpa+vant),【形】1.具有身體(having bodily form (gokaṇṇarūpavant)2.美麗的(beautiful Mhvs 10, 30 (f. rūpavatī))

Rūpinī,【陰】美女。

Rūpiya(cp. Sk. rūpya, lit. of splendid appearance, cp. name for gold jātarūpa),【中】銀、銀幣(silver)Rūpiyamaya(“rajatamaya” PvA.95),【形】銀製的。

Rūpin(fr. rūpa),【形】有物質的(having material qualities, possessed of form or shape or body or matter)

Rūpūpajīvinī,【陰】妓女。

Rūḷha, (Rūhati的【過)生長,登上,痊愈。

Rūhati (ruh生長+a), 生長,登上,(創傷的)痊愈。【過】rūhi

Rūhanā (cp. Sk. rohaa, fr. ruh: rūhati1) 1.成長(growth J.II.322 (virūhanā C.))2.治療(healing (of a wound) Miln.112.)

Rūhita (nt.) [fr. rūhati1] a boil, a diseased growth (lit. “healed”) Vin.IV,316 (expld as “ya kiñci vao”; v. l. rudhita).

Re (shortened for are, q. v.), 驚嘆詞。cara pi re get away with you! M.II,108; Vin.IV,139 (so read for cara pire which the C. takes as “para,” amamaka); or ehi re come on then! J.I.225; ha re look out! here they are! PvA.4; aho vata re wish I would! Pv.II.945 (re ti ālapana PvA.131); no ca vata re vattabbe but indeed, good sir . . . (Kvu 1).

Rekhā (<likh (rikh), cp. Sk. rekhā) ,【陰】線(line, streak Abhp 539. See lekhā)

Recana (< ric),【中】鬆弛,發射(letting loose, emission Dhtm 610. Cp. virecana)

Reu(cp. Vedic reu),【陽】【陰】1.灰塵(dust; pl. reṇū particles of dust)2.花粉(pollen)

Revatī,【陰】奎宿(二十七星宿之一)

Roga (Vedic roga: ruj (see rujati), cp. Sk. rujā breakage, illness),【陽】病,疾病(illness, disease)bandhukarogo(paṇḍu roga),黃疸病。roganiḍḍa, roganīḷa,【形】疾病的所在地。rogahārī,【陽】醫師。rogātura,【形】病人。

Rogin (fr. roga),【形】【陽】有病的(having a disease, suffering from)

Rocati (ruc+a), 1.愉快(to please, i. e. it pleases (with Dat. of person) Th.2, 415 (rocate); Mhvs 15, 9 (nivāso rocatu))2.找快樂(to find pleasure in)。【過】rociCaus. rocetiCp. abhirocat, ārocati, virocati.

Rocana,【中】愛好,選擇,光亮。

Roceti (ruc+e), 同意,喜歡。【過】rocesi。【過rocita。【獨】rocetvā

Rodati (rud+a), 哭,哀悼。【過】rodi。【過rodita。【現rodanta, rodamāna。【獨】roditvā,【不】roditusee rudati.

Rodana,【中】哭,哭泣的行爲。

Rodha1(<rudh),【陽】rodhana,【中】妨礙(obstruction),牢獄(Vism.495)cp.anurodha, nirodha, virodha

Rodha2(<rudh)【中】岸(bank),水壩(dam)

Ropa, -ropa, ropaka(fr. rop=Caus. of ruh),【陽】種植者,耕者(plantation; in vanaropa & ārāmaropa S.I,33.

Ropita, (ropeti的【過) 1.種植(planted)2.培養(growing up)

Ropima (< ropeti1),【中】1.已被種植(what has been planted Vin.IV,267)2.一種箭(a kind of arrow M.I,429 (contrasted with kaccha; Neumann trsls ropima by “aus Binsen”).)

Ropeti (rup+e), 種植,播種(to plant or sow)2.固定(to put up, fix)。【過】ropesi。【現ropenta, rāpayamāna。【獨】ropetvā, ropiya

Roma,【中】毫毛(體毛)(the hair of the body)romaca,【陽】毛骨悚然,雞皮疙瘩。

Romaka(< roma),【形】羽毛(feathered (?) J II.383)

Romanthati, Romantheti, 咀嚼反芻的食物,用力咀嚼(to chew the cud, to ruminate)。【過】romanthi。【獨】romanthayitvā

Romanthana,【中】反芻,用力咀嚼(ruminating)

Roruva,【陽】嚕羅婆地獄(號叫地獄,八大地獄之一),叫喚。

Rosa(roa),【陽】激怒。rosaka(roaka),【形】使人生氣的。

Rosanā(roaa),【陰】激怒(making angry, causing anger, being angry)

Roseti(=rosayati, rosati) (rus+e) (Caus. of rosati, ru; see rusita), 使生氣,激怒(to make angry, to annoy, to irritate)。【過】rosesi。【過rosita。【獨】rosetvārosayam,【現ppr.m.Nom.sg.

Rohati (ruh+a), 生長,登上,痊愈。參考 Rūhati

Rohana, ruhana,【中】升起,成長。

Rohiṇī,【陰】1.赤牛(a red cow A.I,162=III,214.)2.畢宿(星宿)(a nakkhatta or constellation)

Rohita,【形】紅色。【陽】一種鹿紅鹿,一種魚紅魚”(紅鯉魚 (Cyprinus rohita))rohitamaccha,【陽】鮭魚。

 

L

 

L, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第二十八個輔音字母。發音好像漢語中的 l

La, 等等(corresponding to our “etc.”: see peyyāla.)

Lakanaka (fr. lag, with k for g, as lakua: lagua etc. Would correspond to Sk. *lagnaka) ,【中】錨(ship’s anchor (nāvālakanaka) Miln.377 (v. l. lagganaka), 378.

Lakāra,【陽】帆(sail, 可能由印尼語layara轉化)

Lakuṇṭaka, Lakuṇḍaka,【陽】矮子,侏儒(a dwarf)

lakkh(lak)﹐【字根VII.】做記號(to mark)

Lakkha,【中】標誌,目標,賭注,記帳的標誌,十萬。

Lakkhaa(<lak標記、特徵),【中】相,特相,告示,標誌,特徵,預兆,特質lakkhaapāṭhaka,【陽】占相者(解讀徵兆的專家)lakkhaasampatti,【陰】相的優點。lakkhaasampanna,【形】有吉兆的。śrīvatsalakana, 卍、卐。音譯作:室利靺蹉洛剎曩。意譯作吉祥海雲、吉祥喜旋。DhsA.(CS:p.106)Lakkhaṇādīsu hi tesa tesa dhammāna sabhāvo vā sāmañña vā lakkhaa nāma.(各種諸法的諸相共通的自相,稱為特相’(particular characteristic))

Lakkhika,【形】幸運的。

Lakkhita, (lakkheti 的【過) 作標記,區別,表現的特色

Lakkhī,【陰】好運氣,繁榮,財神。

Lakkheti, lakkhayati (lakkh+e), 作標記,區別,表現的特色。【過】lakkhesi。【過lakkhita。【獨】lakkhetvā

Lagua,【陽】棍棒。

Lagga,【形】卡住的,執著的。alaggatā﹐無執著性。

Laggati (lag+a), 黏住,執著,黏附在,懸掛。【過】laggi,【過laggita

Laggana(<lag),【中】黏附,執著,懸掛。

Laggeti (lag+e), 堅持,不掛斷,粘住。【過】laggesi。【過laggita。【獨】laggetvā

lagh﹐【字根I.】違背、超越(to transgress),弄乾(to dry)

Lagī,【陰】門閂,棒(常用作柵欄,扣栓物)

Lagula,【中】尾。

Laghaka,【陽】跳躍者,表演雜技者。

Laghati (lagh超越+-a), 跳過,單腳跳。【過】laghi。【獨】laghitvā

Laghana,【中】跳躍,單腳跳。

Laghāpeti(laghati‘跳過的【使】)令跳過

Laghī,【陽】跳躍者,門檻。

Lagheti (lagh超越+e), 跳過,放出,違背。【過】laghesi。【過laghita。【獨】laghetvā

lajj(lajj)﹐【字根I.】慚愧(to be ashamed)

Lajjati (lajj慚愧+a), 1.感到慚愧,有羞恥心,蒙羞(to be ashamed or abashed, to be modest or bashful)。【過】lajji。【未】lajjissati。【不】lajjitu。【現lajjantalajjamāna。【獨】lajjitvā【未被】lajjitabbalajjitāya2.認為,考慮(to have regard of (Gen.), to consider, to respect)。【使】 lajjāpeti( to cause to be ashamed, to put to the blush)【過lajjita

Lajjana(<lajj),【中】很丟臉,羞恥(being ashamed)alajjana﹐無羞恥

Lajjā,【陰】恥辱,害羞(歹勢phainn2 se3,驚見笑kiann kian3 siau3)

Lajjāpana,【中】慚愧心。

Lajjāpeti (lajjati’慚愧的【使】), 使慚愧。【過】lajjāpesi。【過lajjāpita

Lajjitabbaka,【形】應該感到慚愧的。

Lajjī,【形】有慚愧心的,謙遜的,有責任心的。

Lacchati = labhissati,【未】labhati

Lañca,【陽】賄賂。lañcakhādaka,【形】收受賄賂。lañcadāna,【中】行賄。

lañch﹐【字根I.】記號(to mark)

Lañcha,【陽】。lañchana,【中】標誌,印記,特徵。

Lañchaka,【陽】作標記的人,壓印者。

Lañchati (lañch記號+a), Lañcheti (lañch記號+e), 作標記,壓印,蓋章。【過】lañchi, lañchesi。【獨】lañchitvā, lañchetvā

Lañchita (Lañchati’作標記的【過), 已作記號,已蓋章。

Laukikā,【陰】印度鵪鶉(quail)

Laṭṭhi, Laṭṭhikā,【陰】杖,小樹。

Laṇḍa,【陽】(家畜的)糞。

laṇḍikā,【陰】(家畜的)糞。

Latā,【陰】藤蔓,攀緣植物。latākamma,【中】藤編。

Laddha (labhati獲得的【過), 已獲得,已接收( (having) obtained, taken, received)laddhaka,【形】迷人的,愉快的。laddhabba,【義】應該被接收。laddhabhāva,【陽】接收的事實,達到的事實。laddhassāda,【形】精力恢復的,病癒的。

Laddhā, laddhāna, (labhati獲得的【獨】), 有得到,有收到,有達到。

Laddhi,【陰】理論的意見,laddhika,【形】有某種見解的。

Laddhu (= labhitu),【不】要獲得,要接受。

lap(lap)﹐【字根I.】說(to speak)

Lapati (lap+a), 談話,講話,小孩般說話。【過】lapi。【過lapita。【獨】lapitvā

Lapana,【中】嘴,演講。lapanaja,【陽】牙齒。

Lapanā,【陰】小孩般說話,諂媚。

Labuja,【陽】麵包果(一種高的喬木 (Atrocarpus altilis),廣布於熱帶地區,結麵包果,樹皮含堅韌的纖維,用作織布、黏性物質。)

Labbhati (labh獲得+ya), 被獲得,被接收。【過laddha,【現labbhamāna【義】labbhanīya, labbhaneyyalabbhaneyyaṭṭhāna, 被獲得處。labbhaneyyavatthu, 被獲得之事alabbhaneyyaṭṭhānāni, 無法思議處、不可思議處(impossible things)

Labbhā,【無】可能的,可允許的,可能被獲得。

labh(labh)﹐【字根I.】接受(to receive),獲得(to get)。【字根III.】被得到(to be got)

Labhati (labh獲得+a), 收穫,獲得,達到。【過】labhi。【過laddha,【現labhanta。【獨】labhitvā, laddhā,【不】labhitu, laddhucatunnañ ca āhārāna kāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī(四食隨願欲而得,不勞而得,不苦而得。)

Lamba,【形】懸的,下垂的。lambaka,【中】正在懸的東西,鐘擺。

Lambati (lab+-a), ,吊。【過】lambi。【現lambanta, lambamāna。【獨】lambitvā

Lambeti (Lambati的【使】), 使懸,使吊。【過】lamesi。【過lambita。【獨】lambetvā

Lambila,【形】酸的(sour, acrid, astringent (of taste))

Lambin(<lamb,【形】懸掛,彎下(hanging down, able to hang or bend down(with ref. to the membrum virile男根) Vin III.35 (“tassa bhikkhussa angajāta dīgha hoti lambati, tasmā lambīti vutto” Sam. Pās. I.278).)

lambh﹐【字根VII.】欺騙(to deceive)

Laya,【陽】短暫的時間的衡量。

lal(lam)﹐【字根VII.】玩、彈(to play),愛撫(to fondle)

Lalanā,【陰】女人。

Lalita,【中】優雅,吉祥物。

Lava,【陽】一滴。

Lavaga,【中】丁香(cloves熱帶地方的常綠喬木 (Eugenia caryophyllata),葉子長橢圓形,花淡紅色,果實長球形。花供藥用,有健胃驅風作用。種子可以榨丁香油,用作芳香劑)

Lavaa,【中】鹽。

Lavana,【中】割穀,收穫。

Lasati (las+a), 照耀,玩。【過】lasi

Lasikā,【陰】關節滑液(synovic fluid)

Lasī,【陰】腦髓(brains)

Lasua( laśuna),【中】蒜(garlic一種鱗莖草木 (Allium sativum))。大蒜具有抗菌、殺蟲、解毒、消炎、健胃等功效,大蒜含有殺菌素,對流行性感冒病毒、葡萄球菌、鍊球菌、腦炎雙球菌、傷寒桿菌、痢疾、霍亂、白喉等病菌都有殺滅的功用,大蒜中也含有激發人體吞噬細胞吞噬力的有效成份。Pāci.IV,259(CS:pg.340)Lasua nāma Māgadhaka vuccati.(︰摩揭陀國的()) Cv.II,141.(CS:p.282.)ābādhappaccayā lasua khāditun”ti.(病緣,許食蒜。)Sp.Pāci.IV,920.Magadharaṭṭhe jātalasuameva hi idha lasuanti adhippeta, tampi bhaṇḍikalasuameva, na ekadvitimiñjaka.(這裡說的蒜,只限定摩揭陀國生長的蒜,它不是那種一、二、三瓣的蒜。)

Lahu,【形】輕的,快的。【中】短,母音。lahuka,【形】輕的,微不足道的,有浮力的。lahuka,【副】很快地。lahutā,【陰】輕,浮力。lahuparivatta,【形】很快地變化。

Lahu, lahuso,【副】很快地。

lā(lā)﹐【字根I.】拿(ādānato take)

Lākhā,【陰】紫膠(lac),封閉臘(sealing wax)lākhārasa,【陽】色澱(一大類有機顔料中的任何一種)

Lāja,【陽】1.炒過的玉黍蜀。2.印度黃檀(一種東印度群島喬木 (Dalbergia sissoo),其葉用作飼料)lājapañcamaka,【形】以炒過的玉黍蜀爲第五個的。

Lāpa1(<lap)﹐【陽】交談(talk)

Lāpa2(<laplit.talker),【陽】一種鵪鶉(quail或類似laukika),鵪鶉( ㄔㄨㄣˊ),形似小雞,重量150公克左右,短小圓胖,不善飛翔,以小蟲、種籽、嫩葉為食,平均壽命3~7年。J.168.說鵪鶉為菩薩(釋迦牟尼的本生)

Lāpana (<peti, caus.of lap)【中】喃喃自語(muttering)談話(utterance, speech)

petilapati (lap+a), 談話。

Lāpu, lābu,【陰】葫蘆(gourd,任何一種蔓生攀援植物,如黃瓜,西瓜或南瓜,果實結在硬皮裡),苦瓢。lāpukaṭāhalābukaṭāha,【陽】葫蘆(葫蘆瓠把這種果實掏空曬乾以後的外殼,經常用作喝水的容器)

Lābha,【陽】得到,獲得。lābhakamyatā,【陰】對增益的渴求。lābhagga,【陽】最高的增益。lābhamacchariya,【中】利得慳(增益的自私)lābhasakkāra,【陽】增益和光榮。nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī﹐隨願而得,不勞而得,不苦而得。lābhena lābha﹐以利求利(=以施求施)(邪命之一種)A.1.20./I,38.“Addhamida bhikkhave, lābhāna yadida āraññikatta…pe… piṇḍapātikatta… pasukūlikatta… tecīvarikatta… dhammakathikatta… vinayadharatta… bāhusacca… thāvareyyaākappasampadā… parivārasampadā… mahāparivāratā  kolaputti… vaṇṇapokkharatā… kalyāṇavākkaraatā… appicchatā… appābādhatā”ti.(諸比丘!此世有多利的,即是:住曠野、行托缽、披糞掃衣、持三衣、能說法、好持律、須多聞、作長老、好行爲、服裝整齊、隨從多、做善男子,容貌美、言語和雅、少欲、無病。)

Lābhā,【無】那是有利潤的,那是一個增益。

Lābhālābha(lābha+alābha)【陽】得與不得()

Lābhī,【陽】得到很多的人。

Lāmaka,【形】劣的,低的,有罪的。

Lāyaka,【陽】收割者,割草的人。

Lāyati (la+ya), 收穫,割草。【過】lāyi。【過lāyita。【獨】lāyitvā

Lālana,【中】調戲,哄騙。

Lālappa(<lap)﹐一再地喃喃自語。(punappuna lapana)lālappana,一再喃喃自語的行相。lālappitatta,喃喃自語的性質。

Lālapati (lap+a), 不停地講話,涕泣。【過】lālapi。【過lālapita

Lāleti (lal+e), 哄騙,鎮壓,使真實。【過】lālesi。【過lālita。【獨】lāletvā

Lāsa,【陽】lāsana,【中】跳舞,運動。

Likuca,【陽】麵包果(bread-fruit tree Labuja)

Likkhā(likṣā),【陰】蟣子(an egg of a louse蝨子的卵),蟣(是長度的一個單位)

Likh﹐。

Likhati (likh+a), 寫,銘刻,雕刻,亂寫。【過】likhi。【過likhita。【現likhanta。【獨】likhitvā。【不】likhitu

Likhana,【中】寫作,刻紋。likhanakāle, 捏造(土塊)時。

Likhāpeti (likhati 的【使】), 令人寫。【過】likhāpesi。【獨】likhāpetvā

Likhitaka,【陽】已經被規定的人,喪失公權者。

Liga,【中】告示,標誌,特徵,特色,(男性)生殖器官(DhsA.#632‘ligan’ti saṇṭhāna.),〔語法〕詞性。ligavipallāsa,【陽】ligaparivattana,【中】性或性別的變化。

Ligika,【形】性或生殖器官的。

Litta, (limpati的【過) 塗油,塗污,塗以灰泥。

lip(lip / limp)﹐【字根II.】塗(to smear)

Lipi(< lip; late Sk. lipi),【陰】寫作,信函(the alphabet; a letter of the alphabet; writing)lipikāra,【陽】作家,書記,文書。

Limpati, Lippati (lip+-a), 塗污,沾染,塗油(to smear, plaster, stain)。【過】limpi。【過litta。【獨】limpitvāPass. lippati to be soiled (by), to get stained (in character)alippamāna ppr.pp. litta: see ava°, ul°, vi.° -- Cp. also ālimpeti, palimpeti, vilimpati. -- Caus. I. lepeti to cause to be plastered J.VI,432. -- Caus. II. limpāpeti to cause to be plastered or anointed

Limpana,【中】污點。

Limpeti (lip+e), 塗油,塗污,塗以灰泥。【過】limpesi。【過limpita。【現limpenta。【獨】limpetvā。【使】limpāpeti

lis﹐【字根III.】被減少(to be reduced)

lih﹐【字根I.】舔(to lick)

Lihati (lih+a)(Sk. lehi or līḍhe, also lihati), (to lick)。【過】lihi。【獨】lihitvā。【現lihamāna

Līna (līyati收縮的【過), 已收縮,已害羞,已保留。līnatā,【陰】līnatta,【中】偷懶,退縮

Līyati (li+ya), 收縮,使畏縮,執著。【過】līyi。【過līna,【現līyamāna。【獨】līyitvā

Līyana,【中】收縮(台語:勼勼kiu kiu),縮水,凋萎,萎縮。

Līlā,【陰】優雅,吉祥物。

lu﹐【字根V.】切斷(to cut off)

Lujjati (luj+ya), 瓦解,崩潰。【過】lujji。【過lugga。【獨】lujjitvā

Lujjana,【中】碎片(breaking up, crumbling away),解散(dissolution)Lokadhammoti lujjanasabhāvadhammo.(世法:解散的自然的原則。)

luñc﹐【字根I.】摘、拔(to pluck)(to pull)

Luñcati (luñc+a), 拉出,連根拔起。【過】luñci。【過luñcita。【獨】luñcitvā

Luta (luniti 的【過), 已割草。

Lutta (lopeti 的【過), 已切斷,已省略,已掠奪。

Ludda,【形】兇猛的,殘酷的。【陽】獵人,管獵犬者。luddaka,【陽】獵人。

Luddha (lubbhati 的【過), 已貪婪,已貪圖。

Luniti (lu+nā), 切斷,割草,收穫。【過】luni

lup﹐【字根II.】切斷(to cut off),掠奪(to plunder)。【字根III.】被切斷(to be cut off)cp.(lup)打破(break)

Lubbhati (lubh+ya), 貪婪,妄想。【過】lubbhi。【過luddha

Lubbhana,【中】貪欲。SA.3.2./I,137.lubbhanalakkhao lobho.(貪欲相,稱為貪欲)

Lumpati (lup+-a), 搶奪,吃。【過】lumpi。【過lumpita。【獨】lumpitvā

Lumpana,【中】搶劫,吃。

lul﹐【字根I.】激起(to stir)cp.(lul)生氣勃勃(be lively)

Luita,【過】已激起,已擾亂。

Lūkha,【形】粗糙的,粗鄙的,悲慘的。lūkhacīvara,【形】穿粗糙的袈裟的。lūkhatā,【陰】粗糙。lūkhappasanna,【形】對卑鄙的人的奉獻。lūkhājīvī,【無】過著悲慘的生活。lūkho lūkhapāvurao, 穿粗鄙的寬大外衣。

Lūṇa, lūna (lunāti 的【過), 已收穫,已割草。

Lekhaka,【陽】書記,文書,作家。lekhikā,【陰】女文書。

Lekhana,【中】lekhā,【陰】寫作,信函,碑銘。

Lekhanī,【陰】鋼筆。lekhanīmukha,【中】鵝管筆的尖端,鋼筆尖。

Lekhā,【陰】詩句,寫作的藝術。

Lekheita(pp. of lekheti),【過】畫(drawn (of lines), pencilled)

Leḍḍu,【陽】土塊。leḍḍupita,【陽】擲石所落之所(長度,即:由一個中等男子,站在一處所擲出的石子所落之處的距離)

Lea,【中】安全,洞穴,石室。

Lepa,【陽】塗層,抹灰泥。

Lepana,【中】塗沬,塗層。

Lepeti (lip+e), 塗以灰泥,塗上,將(黏性或油污物質)塗在。【過】lepesi。【過lepita, litta。【現lepenta。【獨】lepetvā

Leyya,【形】適合被舔或啜飲的。【中】黏液的食物。

Lesa,【陽】瑣事,藉口,詭計。lesamatta, 【過已沉浸於瑣事。

Lehati﹐舔(to lick)。【過】lehayisu(palahisu)grd. lehanīyager. lehitvā。見Lihati

lok(lok)﹐【字根VII.】見(to see),看(to look)

Loka,【陽】世界,世界的居民。S.35.82.Lujjatī’ti kho, bhikkhu, tasmā lokoti vuccati.(比丘,崩潰是故稱為世間。) S.35.68.natthi cakkhu, natthi rūpā, natthi cakkhuviññāṇa, natthi cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā, natthi tattha loko vā lokapaññatti (無眼(),無色(),無眼識(),無眼識所識知之法(),則無世間或世間之概念。) lokagga,【陽】世界的領袖。lokanāyaka, lokanātha,【陽】世界的統治者。lokanta,【陽】世界的結束。lokantagū,【陽】已經達到世界(以及所有世俗事物)的尾端的人。lokantara,【中】不同的世界,在世界之間的空間。lokantarika,【形】位於世界之間的。lokanirodha,【陽】世界的破壞。lokapāla,【陽】世界的護衛者。lokavajja,【中】世界的罪(共同的罪)lokavivaraa,【中】宇宙的揭開。lokavohāra,【陽】通俗說法。lokādhipacca,【中】世界的支配。lokanukampā,【陰】對人類世界的同情。lokāyatika,【形】持有自然學主義的人,虛無主義者。lokapāladhamma護世之法(指:慚愧:hirottappa)

Lokadhamma, ()世法(八風)(aṭṭha lokadhammā︰得lābho(or hita利益)、不得(=)alābho(or ahita無利益)、名聲yaso、惡名聲ayaso、誹謗nindā、稱譽pasasā、樂sukha、苦dukkha。得lābho、不得()alābho—當修慈波羅蜜。名聲、惡名聲、誹謗、稱譽當修忍耐波羅蜜。樂、苦當修捨波羅蜜。(cf.佛種姓經Bu.pg.2.317-9)

八風(世八法)

省思

(不修)

1.(lābho)

應得之份?

增長貪欲

努力?

()風吹不動

2.(alābho不得)

失去該失?

難免失望、遺憾、悔恨

沒努力?

()風吹不動

3.(yaso名聲)

愛名求名?

增長貪名,高抬自己

造善?

()風吹不動

4.(ayaso惡名聲)

有罪?

增長瞋恚,煎熬難受

造惡?

()風吹不動

5.(nindā誹謗)

有過?

增長瞋恚,聲聲難熬

造惡?

()風吹不動

6.(pasasā稱譽)

過獎?

增長貪名、貪褒(吃褒)

造善?

()風吹不動

7.(sukhaṁ)

何樂之有?

則失去深觀樂之生滅

善因?

()風吹不動

8.(dukkhaṁ)

何有忍?

失去深觀苦之生滅

惡因?

()風吹不動

Mv.I,185.(=A.6.55./III,379.)“Selo yathā ekagghano, vātena na samīrati; Eva rūpā rasā saddā, gandhā phassā ca kevalā. “Iṭṭhā dhammā aniṭṭhā ca, na pavedhenti tādino; hita citta vippamutta, vayañcassānupassatī”ti.(如堅石山,不為風所動,如此色、味、聲,香及所有觸,可意不意法,皆不為激動。心安住解脫,只隨觀壞滅。)

《增支部》(A.8.6./IV,159.):「(八風生起,)如是思擇:『對我此苦之生,此為無常、苦、有變易之法』,如實了知。於心中耗盡而不住(lābhopi citta na pariyādāya tiṭṭhati)’(不得alābhe)亦於心中耗盡而不住,亦於心中耗盡而不住,亦於心中耗盡而不住,亦於心中耗盡而不住,亦於心中耗盡而不住,亦於心中耗盡而不住,亦於心中耗盡而不住。他不順從已生之’(So uppanna lābha nānurujjhati),不抗拒’(alābhe nappaivirujjhati);不順從已生之稱,不抗拒;不順從已生之,不抗拒;不順從已生之,不抗拒。他如是拋棄服貼、拋棄反對(anurodhavirodhavippahīno),而遍解脫生、老、死、愁、悲、苦、憂、惱,我說遍解脫苦。」「於心中耗盡」的作法,即是抱持客觀的觀察,而不迎不拒、不順不逆。

Lokika, lokiya,【形】世間的,平凡的。lokacitta【中】世間心(包括欲界心kāmāvacara citta、色界心rūpāvacara citta、無色界心arūpāvacara citta)

Lokuttara, (loka+uttara)【形】超凡的,超出人類經驗的,出世間(《攝阿毘達摩義論》Ch.3.62.Lokuttaracittāni nibbānārammaṇānīti.諸出世間心以涅槃為所緣)(CSCD)DA.2./I,232.Ettha ca lokuttarassa saraagamanassa cattāri sāmaññaphalāni vipākaphala, sabbadukkhakkhayo ānisasaphala.(此中,出世間歸依以四沙門果為異熟果,滅盡一切苦的利益果。)

  涅槃」非名法非色法,但是能為「出世間心」所取。能取涅槃的「出世間心」,依禪那的層次含攝1心、33~36心所。無餘涅槃則沒有出世間心(能取),也沒有「涅槃」(對象)。聖果(=果心,果定速行心)是名法。

Vibhv.p.59.Upādānakkhandhasakhātalokato uttarati anāsavabhāvenāti lokuttara, maggacitta.  Phalacitta pana tato uttiṇṇanti lokuttara.  Ubhayampi vā saha nibbānena lokato uttara adhika yathāvuttaguavasenevāti lokuttara.(渡過取蘊的世間,成為無漏的狀態,為出世間道心。然而,從此越過,為出世間果心。兩者同樣是渡過世間之涅槃,如上所說,處於無上的、優勝的功德,為出世間)

loc﹐【字根VII.】見(to see)cp.(loc)考慮(see consider)

Locaka,【無】拉出者,連根拔起的人。

Lokesa,【陽】梵天王,造物主。

Locana,【中】眼睛。

Loa,【中】鹽。【形】鹹味濃的。loakāra,【陽】採鹽者。loadhūpana,【中】加鹽作調味料。loaphala,【中】loasakkharā,【陰】鹽的結晶。

Loasovīraka, 鹹酸醬。一種由百味醃製的藥(sabbarasābhisakhata eka bhesajja)。據說在醃製時,把訶子、山楂、川楝等藥材,米穀等各種糧食,芭蕉等各種果實,筍、魚、肉片等各種食物,加上蜂蜜、糖、岩鹽、鹽等,裝入缸中密封後放置經一年、兩年或三年,醃製成呈蒲桃汁顔色的醬。食之可治療風病、咳嗽、麻風、黃疸、痔瘻等病。比庫在飯後也可食用這種醬。有病者可直接吃,無病者可摻水後飲用。(Sp.pārā.192.)

Loika,【形】鹼性。

Loṇī,【陰】鹽田,鹽水湖。

Lopa,【陽】母音省略,切斷。

Lobha(<lubh執取),【陽】貪欲(greed),妄羨(covetousness)SA.3.2./I,137.lubbhanalakkhao lobho, dussanalakkhao doso, muyhanalakkhao mohoti.(貪欲相,稱為貪欲;忿怒相,稱為瞋;糊塗相,稱為癡。) lobhanīya,【形】被妄想的,令人想要的。lobhamūlaka,【形】有貪欲爲其根的。

Loma,【中】()毛。lomakūpa,【陽】毛孔。lomahaṭṭha,【形】毛髮豎立的。lomahasa,【陽】lomahasana,【中】毛骨悚然。

Lomasa,【形】多毛的,被毛複蓋的。lomasapāṇaka,【陽】毛蟲。

Lomin (-°) (<loma),【形】有髮的(having hair, in cpds. ekantalomi & uddhalomi)

Lola,【形】貪婪的,反復無常的。lolatā,【陰】渴望,貪欲。

Lolupa,【形】妄羨的,貪婪的。

Loluppa,【中】貪欲。=loluppāyanā & loluppāyitatta ( Dhs 1059, 1136.)

Loleti (lul+e), 激起,搖動,攪動。

Loha,【中】金屬,銅。lohakaṭāha,【陽】銅容器。lohakāra,【陽】銅匠,銅 器製造人。lohakumbhī,【陰】銅鍋。lohagua, lohapiṇḍa,【陽】金屬塊。lohajāla,【中】銅網。lohathālaka,【陽】銅碟子,銅碗。lohapāsāda,【陽】銅殿 (在阿奴羅富羅 (Anuradhapura) 皇宮佛殿的名字,佈滿銅瓦)lohabhaṇḍa,【中】銅器。lohamaya,【形】銅製的。lohamāsaka,【陽】銅幣。lohasalakā,【陰】銅線,銅針。

Lohita,【中】血。【形】紅色的。lohitaka,【形】紅色的。lohitakasia﹐紅遍。lohitakkha,【形】有紅眼睛的。lohitacandana,【中】紫檀( Mañjiṭṭhā)(ye keci sāragandhā, lohitacandana tesa aggamakkhāyati.一切樹香中,赤栴檀香為其最上)lohitapakkhandikā,【陰】赤痢。lohitabhakkha,【形】吸血的。lohitatuppādaka,【陽】使(佛陀)淤血。

Lohitaka,【陽】紅寶石(ruby)

 

 

Ḷīyati is given at Dhtp 361 as a variant of ḍī to fly (see eti), and expld as “ākāsa-gamana.” Similarly at Dhtm 586 as “vehāsa-gamana.”

 

V

 

V, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第二十九個輔音字母。發音好像漢語中的 w

Va, iva eva 被弄短的詞形。

Va1 the syllable “va” KhA 109 (with ref. to ending °vā in Bhagavā, which Bdhgh expls as “va-kāra dīgha katvā,” i. e. a lengthening of va)

Va2 (the enclitic, shortened form of iva after long vowel),【歎】(like, like as, as if; only in poet.

Va3 (for eva, after long vowels)。【歎】(even, just (so), only; for sure, certainly.)

Va4 , (is (metrically) shortened form of vā, as found e. g. Dh 195 (yadi va for yadi vā); or in correlation va-va either-or.)

Vaka,【陽】狼。

Vakula,【陽】牛油果 (Mimusops elengi),山欖科,常綠喬木,木材非常緻密,紋理細膩,顔色紅色或粉紅色,果實可食用,景觀路樹。

Vakka,【中】腎。

Vakkala,【中】樹皮衣,樹皮。vakkalī,【形】穿樹皮衣的。

Vakkhati (vadati的【未】), 他將會說。vakkhāmi, 我將會說

Vagga,【陽】群,一夥人,(書的)一章。【形】分裂的,爭吵的。vaggabandhana,【中】一個團體的形成,()夥,協會。vaggagata﹐外道宗派。vaggasārin追隨宗派。chabbaggiyā(cha()+vagga) bhikkhū, 六群比丘(巴利律藏及《本生》等載︰Assaji(阿說迦)、Punabbasu(滿宿、弗那跋)、PaṇḍukaLohitakaMettiya()Bhummaja()智度論云︰(一、二)難陀(、跋難陀),三瞿伽梨,四闡陀,五馬師,六滿宿。))sattarasavaggiye bhikkhū, 十七群比丘。Vin.Pāci.IV,114Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sattarasavaggiye bhikkhū bhisāpenti. Te bhisāpiyamānā rodanti. (那時,六群比丘嚇唬十七群比丘,他們受到驚嚇而哭泣。)

Vaggiya,【形】(在【合】中)一個團體的。

Vaggu,【形】可愛的,愉快的。vagguvada,【形】有悅耳語言的。

Vagguli,【陰】蝙蝠。

Vaka,【形】扭曲的,不誠實的。【中】鈎,魚鈎。vakaghasta,【形】吞了鈎的。vakatā,【陰】彎曲。

Vakaka, 翻觔斗。

Vaga,【陽】拔沙(今在孟加拉國Bangladesh)

vac(vac)﹐【字根I.】說(to say)cp.(vad)(speak)avoca,他那時說。avoca(avaca),你那時說。avocam,我那時說。avocum,他們那時說。avocuttha(avacuttha),你們那時說。avocumha(avocumhā),我們那時說。

vac﹐【字根VII.】使閱讀(to cause to read)

Vaca1,【陽】【中】(mano-group), 語,話。

Vaca2,【中】菖蒲。

Vacattha,【中】白菖蒲。

Vacana,【中】說話,語,字,敍述,術語,表達。vacanakara,【形】服從的。vacanakkhama,【形】樂意做他人的吩咐的。vacanattha,【陽】字的意謂。vacananīya,【形】適合被講的,適合被勸告的。vacanapatha,【陽】敍述的方法。ekavacana﹐單數。dvivacana﹐雙數(梵文)bahuvacana(vahuvacana)﹐複數。「五種語。一應時語。二應理語。三應量語。四寂靜語。云何應時語?謂非紛擾,或遽尋思,或不樂聞,或不安住正威儀時,而有所說。又應先序初時所作,然後讚勵正起言說,又應待他語論終已方起言說,如是等類一切,當知名應時語。云何應理語?謂依四道理,能引義利稱實而語,名應理語。云何應量語?謂文句周圓,齊爾所語決有所須,但說爾所不增不減,非說雜亂無義文辭,如是等類名應量語。云何寂靜語?謂言不高疏,亦不喧動,身無奮發,口不咆勃而有所說,名寂靜語。云何正直語?謂言無詭詐,不因虛構而有所說,離諂曲故,發言純質,如是當知名正直語。」(《瑜》T30.855.3)

Vacasa, -vacasa (the adj. form of vaco=vacas) ,【形】講話的(having speech, speaking)saddheyyavacasā, 說話值得信賴的(of credible speech, trustworthy)Pārā.III,189Saddheyyavacasā nāma āgataphalā abhisametāvinī viññātasāsanā.(說話值得信賴︰已證果,徹底地瞭解法,理解教法。)

Vacā,【陰】菖蒲(sweet flag plant多年生草本植物 (Acorus calamus),生在水邊,有淡紅色根莖,葉子形狀像劍,肉穗花序。根莖可做香料,做健胃劑,外用可治牙痛、齒齦出血),鳶尾根(orris root Golomī)

Vacī,【陰】講話,字。vacīkamma,【中】口業(口說的行動)vacīgutta,【形】控制講話的。vacīduccarita,【中】話講的不恰當。vacīparama,【形】只擅長於講話而不擅長於行動的人(光說不練者)vacībheda,【陽】說話。vacīviññatti,【陰】語表(見《清淨道論》Vism.448)vacīsakhāra,【陽】語行(見《清淨道論》 Vism.531)vacīsamācāra,【陽】言談的好行爲。vacīsucarita,【中】言談的善行

Vacīsakhāra﹐【陽】語行。“vitakketvā vicāretvā pacchā vāca bhindati, tasmā vitakkavicārā vacīsakhāro.”(先有尋、伺,後發語,故尋、伺為口行。)(M.44./I,301.)

Vacībhedasamuṭṭhāpaka﹐【形】産生說話的。

Vacca,【中】排泄物,糞便,(家畜的)糞。vaccakuṭī,【陰】廁所(privy),茅房(lavatory)vaccakūpa,【陽】茅坑(廁所裡的糞坑)vaccamagga,【陽】肛門。vaccasodhaka,【陽】清理廁所工人。

Vaccha,【陽】小牛,小動物vacchaka,【陽】小公牛,小牛犢。vacchagiddhinī,【陰】渴望有犢子的母牛。vacchatara,【陽】大牛犢,古譯:特犢。vacchatari小母牛,牸犢KhA.107.Tattha vaccho dammo balibaddhoti evamādi āvatthika.(此中,犢牛、當被調御的()、耕牛(成年的牛),如此等為依(生命)階段位的(āvatthika))

Vacchara,【中】年。

Vacchala,【形】親愛的,摯愛的。

vaj﹐【字根I.】去、走(to go)cp.(vaj)強壯(be strong)

Vaja(Vedic vraja: see vajati),【陽】牛棚,牛欄(a cattle-fold, cow-pen)Giribbaja, 放牧之地(a (cattle or sheep) run on the mountain J.III,479; as Npl. at Sn.408.)

Vajati (vaj+a), 去,著手進行。【過】vaji。【現vajamāna

Vajira,【中】鑽石(台語:鏇石suan7 cioh8),雷電。vajirapāṇi, vajirahattha,【陽】手持鑽石權杖的,即:帝釋(Sakka)vajira-pāṇī yakkho﹐密迹力士,又作密迹金剛,祕密主,為夜叉神之總名。彼常手持金剛杵以保護佛陀。

vajj﹐【字根VII.】避免(to avoid)

Vajja1(grd. of vajjati, cp. Sk. varjya),【中】缺點,罪,過失(a fault, sin)。【形】應該被避免的(that which should be avoided),應該被告訴的。peyya-vajja, 愛言,隨順眾生根性,善言慰諭,令受道住真理。vajjadassin, 看見過失(finding fault)anavajja & sāvajja, the relation of which to vajja is doubtful, see avajja.Pakativajjato, 自性罪。《分別論》(Vbh.247.)“Aumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī”ti tattha katame aumattā vajjā? Yāni tāni vajjāni appamattakāni oramattakāni lahusāni lahusammatāni sayamakaraṇīyāni savarakaraṇīyāni cittuppādakaraṇīyāni manasikārapaibaddhāni--ime vuccanti “aumattā vajjā”. Iti imesu aumattesu vajjesu vajjadassāvī ca hoti bhayadassāvī ca ādīnavadassāvī ca nissaraadassāvī ca. Tena vuccati “aumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī”ti. (「於小量罪生怖畏」在此,什麼是罪呢?於小量罪生怖畏,是小量、些許、輕、輕量,可作制止、可作防護、可運作心生起、可被作意所伏,這些是說小量之罪。如此於小量之罪,或見罪,或見畏,或見過失,或見離脫,依是說於小量之罪而見畏,於此說「於小量罪生怖畏」。)

Vajja2 (cp. Sk. vādya, grd. of vad) 【中】【形】1.應被說(to be said)saccavajja(=sacca-vacana)﹐真理的語言。See also mosa-vajja. 2.應被發聲(to be sounded, i. e. musical instrument (vajjabheri))

Vajja, vajjā, vajjuṁpot. of vad, see vadati(說,講)

Vajjana,【中】避免,躲開。

Vajjita[vajjeti避免] 的【過已避免

Vajjati1 (vṛj, Vedic vṛṇakti & varjati to turn)to turn etc.; only as Pass. form vajjati [in form=Ved. vṛjyate] to be avoided, to be excluded from (Abl.) (°itabba, in pop. etym. of Vajjī).Caus. vajjeti (*varjayati) to avoid, to abstain from, renounce.

Vajjati2(Pass of vad), (see vadati)

Vajjana (nt.) [fr. vajjati] avoidance, shunning.

Vajjanīya(<vajjati1),【形】適合被避免的,適合被避開的。 (to be avoided, to be shunned; improper)

Vajjī,【陽】跋耆 (Vajji) 氏族的男人。

Vajjeti (vajj避免+e), 避免,避開。【過】vajjesi。【義】vajjetabba。【獨】vajjetvā。【不】vajjetupāpamittā vajjetabbā﹐避惡友。

Vajjha(grd.of vadhati),【形】被殺的,被處罰的(to be killed, slaughtered or executed; object of execution; meriting death)vajjhappatta,【形】被宣告有罪的。vajjhaghāta﹐劊子手(cf. coraghāta)vajjhapaṭaha-bheri,【陰】死刑鼓。vajjha,【反】

vañc﹐【字根VII.】欺騙(to cheat)cp.(vañc)彎曲地移動(move crookedly)

Vañcaka(<vañcana),【陽】欺騙(deceiving),騙子(a cheat)vañcana,【中】vañcanā,【陰】欺騙,詭計。

Vañcanika(<vañcana)﹐【形】欺騙的(deceiving)。【陽】騙子(a cheat)

Vañceti (vañc欺騙+e), 欺騙,行騙。【過】vañesi。【過vañcita。【現vañcenta。【獨】vañcetvā

Vañjha,【形】不育的。vañjhā,【陰】不育的女人。

Vaa (vaarukkha),【陽】印度榕樹( Nigrodha)

Vaasaka,【陽】花冠。

Vauma,【中】道路,路徑。

Vaṭṭa,【形】圓形的,圓的。【中】圓周,輪迴,佈施的開支,佈施的供應品,回轉

Vaṭṭakā, Vaṭṭapotakā,【陰】鵪鶉(quailCoturnix coturnix。台語︰ian1-thun5,有時作︰無尾鵪鶉仔)小型雉科鳥

Vaṭṭati (vaṭṭ +a), 允許,理應,被糾正,被適合,回轉,折合,不在此限。Ki laddhu vaṭṭatīti?(折合賺多少?)

Vaṭṭana,【中】回轉。

Vaṭṭi, vaṭṭikā,【陰】燈芯(wick),卷形物,水等的湧出,邊緣,邊。

Vaṭṭula,【形】圓形的。

Vaṭṭeti (vaṭṭ +e), 轉,挪,製燈芯,卷起來,製成圓形。【過】vaṭṭesi。【過vaṭṭita。【獨】vaṭṭetvā

Vaṭṭha,【過】已被雨淋濕。

Vahara,【形】龐大的,肥的。

Vaḍḍha, vaḍḍhaka,【形】增大的,增加的。vaḍḍhana,【中】生長,增加,擴大。vaḍḍhanaka,【形】增加的,任職的,服役的。

Vaḍḍhakī,【陽】木匠(carpenter)

Vaḍḍhati (vaḍḍh+a), 生長,興隆,種植。【過】vaḍḍhi。【過vaḍḍhita。【現vaḍḍhanta, vaḍḍhamāna。【獨】vaḍḍhitvā

Vaḍḍhi,【陰】增加,生長,利潤,福利,利息。

Vaḍḍheti (vaḍḍh +e), 增加,培養,養育,教育,準備好(食物),任職,開動。【過】vaḍḍhesi。【過vaḍḍhita。【現vaḍḍhenta。【獨】vaḍḍhetvā

Vaa,【中】入口,傷口,痛處。vaacolaka,【中】紗布。vaapaikamma,【中】創傷的治癒。vaabandhana,【中】傷口的繃帶。vaamukha【中】瘡口。九個瘡口(nava vaamukhāni),兩眼、兩耳、兩鼻孔、口、大小便道。

Vaijjā,【陰】貿易,交易,買賣(台語:生意sing1li2)Satthavaijjā, sattavaijjā, masavaijjā, majjavaijjā, visavaijjā-- Imā kho, bhikkhave, pañca vaijjā upāsakena akaraṇīyā”ti.(買賣武器,買賣人口(satta已執著者),買賣肉,販賣醉品,買賣毒。諸比丘!此等五買賣不應被優婆塞作。)( A.5.177./III,208.) Satthavaijjāti āvudhabhaṇḍa kāretvā tassa vikkayo.(買賣武器:他製作武器之後,售賣。) Sattavaijjāti manussavikkayo.(買賣人口(買賣人) Masavaijjāti sūkaramigādayo posetvā tesa vikkayo.(買賣肉:據有豬、野獸(),飼養之後,他售賣。) Majjavaijjāti yakiñci majja kāretvā tassa vikkayo. (買賣酒他製作任何酒之後,售賣) Visavaijjāti visa kāretvā tassa vikkayo.(買賣毒他製作毒之後,售賣) Iti sabbampi ima vaijja neva attanā kātu, na pare samādapetvā kāretu vaṭṭati. (如此一切買賣,非自己製作,非教唆他人製作的話,則不在此限。) 受三歸依的優婆塞(佛教徒),不可以經營酒家、專賣酒或兼賣酒,但是可以喝酒或釀造酒。具戒(五戒)優婆塞,不可以喝酒,但是可以為非買賣目的的某種需要而釀造酒。

Vaita,【過】已受傷。

Vaippatha,【陽】正在進行貿易的國家。

Vaibbaka,【陽】貧民。

Vaeti(Caus. of van (see etym. under vana2), cp. vai (vani). It may be derived directly fr. v, vṛṇāti=P. vuṇāti, as shown by vaimhase. A DeNom. fr. vani is vanīyati)希望,請求(to wish, desire, ask, beg J.V.27 (spelt vaṇṇeti; C. expls as vāreti icchati); pres. med. 1st pl. vaimhase (=Sk. vṛṇīmahe) J.II.137 (=icchāma C.). As vanayati at KhA 111 (vanayatī ti vana).

Vaṇṭa, vaṇṭaka(Epic Sk. vnta),【中】莖(a stalk)vaṇṭika,【形】有莖的。vaṇṭachinna, 把莖切除(with its stalk cut)avaṇṭa, 女人胸部(of thana, the breast of a woman), 不在莖上(not on a stalk (i. e. well-formed, plump) J.V.155. )

vaṇṇ﹐【字根VII.】稱讚(to praise)

vaṇṇ﹐【字根VII.】描述(to describe)

Vaṇṇa,【陽】顔色,外表,膚色,種類,印度的世襲階級,音色,特質vaṇṇakasia,【中】(修禪用的)顔色器具。vaṇṇada, vaṇṇadada,【形】給顔色的,給美麗的。vaṇṇadhātu,【陰】外表的情況,顔色。vaṇṇapokkharatā,【陰】膚色的美麗。Vaṇṇarūpa(vararūpa),【中】顯色(青、黃、赤、白、影、光、明、暗、雲、煙、塵、霧)vaṇṇavantu,【形】富有色彩的。vaṇṇavādī,【陽】談論個人的德行。vaṇṇasampanna,【形】賦有美麗的,賦有顔色的。cattāro vaṇṇā, 四種姓(印度社會制度上之四大種姓階級)KhA.114.vaṇṇasaddo pana chavithutikulavaggakāraasaṇṭhānapamāṇarūpāyatanādīsu dissati.(容色(vaṇṇa)字則顯示有皮膚chavi、讚頌thuti、種族kulavagga、原因kāraa、外形saṇṭhāna、尺量pamāṇa、色處rūpāyatana()) KhA.114.Tattha “suvaṇṇavaṇṇosi Bhagavā”ti evamādīsu (ma.ni.2.399=M.92. su.ni.553=Sn.p.108,v.548.) chaviya. “Kadā saññūḷhā pana te gahapati ime samaassa Gotamassa vaṇṇā”ti evamādīsu (ma.ni.2.77=M.I,p.386.) thutiya. “Cattārome, bho Gotama, vaṇṇā”ti evamādīsu (dī.ni.3.115=D.I,p.91.) kulavagge. “Atha kena nu vaṇṇena, (KhA.115.) gandhathenoti vuccatī”ti evamādīsu (sa.ni.1.234=S.I,p.204.) kārae.  “Mahanta hatthirājavaṇṇa abhinimminitvā”ti evamādīsu (sa.ni.1.138=S.I,p.104.) saṇṭhāne. “Tayo pattassa vaṇṇā”ti(Vin.III,p.243.) evamādīsu pamāṇe. “Vaṇṇo gandho raso ojā”ti (Vism.364.)evamādīsu rūpāyatane. (此中,在:「世尊,您的皮膚(vaṇṇa)是金色的[1]」,如此等為皮膚(chavi)(之義)。在:「居士,你對沙門苟答馬做這些讚歎(vaṇṇa),是在哪時候所收集的呢?」如此等為讚頌(thuti)(之義)。在:「苟答馬尊者,有這四種(種姓)階級vaṇṇa[1]」,如此等為種族kulavagga(之義)在:「然而是什麼理由vaṇṇa,【115稱『(我是)盜香人』呢?」如此等為原因(kāraa(之義)。在:「(魔王以神通)化為大象王的外形vaṇṇa)」,如此等為外形(saṇṭhāna)(之義)。在:「有三種尺寸(vaṇṇa)的缽」,如此等為尺量(pamāṇa)(之義)。在:「顏色(vaṇṇa)、香、味、食素」,如此等為色處(rūpāyatana)(之義)。而這裡的(vaṇṇa)當知是指「皮膚」。因此「容色殊勝」即說成「嚴妙的皮膚」。)

vaṇṇaka(fr. vaṇṇa),【中】染料(paint, rouge)(D.II,142; Dpvs VI,70.)

Vaṇṇadāsī,【陰】妓女。

Vaṇṇā,【陰】解釋,注釋,稱讚。

Vaṇṇīya,【形】適合被注釋或稱讚的。

Vaṇṇita, (vaṇṇeti 的【過)已稱讚。vaṇṇitova suvaṇṇito﹐讚美有加(vannito’va = vannito eva; vannito, pp. m.Nom. sg.「被讚美」修飾上句之pandito (為其動詞) // su-vannito, 很讚美。su- 加強語氣)

Vaṇṇī,【形】(在【合】中) 的外表。

Vaṇṇu,【陰】沙。vaṇṇupatha,【陽】荒沙地。

Vaṇṇeti (vaṇṇ+e)(denom. fr. vaṇṇa), 1.描述,解說,評論(to describe, explain, comment on)2.稱讚,(to praise, applaud, extol)。【過】vaṇṇesi。【過vaṇṇita。【現vaṇṇenta。【義】vaṇṇetabba。【獨】vaṇṇetvā

-vat﹐【結尾】。1.‘具有之意。bhagavat 世尊(有幸福者)2.過去主動分詞,sutavat曾聞(已聞的)

Vata,【無】的確地,確定地,真正地,真是的,唉。

Vata,【中】宗教義務,禁戒,誓約。vatapada,【中】誓約。vatavantu,【形】守戒的人。vatasamādāna,【中】持戒。S.11.11.satta vatapadāni((帝釋天王的)七道德)S.11.11.satta vatapadāni(七誓約)1Yāvajīva mātāpettibharo assa, 2yāvajīva kule jeṭṭhāpacāyī assa, 3yāvajīva sahavāco assa, 4yāvajīva apisuavāco assa, 5yāvajīva vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāra ajjhāvaseyya muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasavibhāgarato, 6yāvajīva saccavāco assa, 7yāvajīva akkodhano assa--sacepi me kodho uppajjeyya, khippameva na paivineyyan”ti.(1.願終生孝養父母。2.願終生禮敬長輩。3.願終生語柔和。4.願終生不誹謗。5.願終生守住離慳垢;(1)開放施,(2)舒手施,(3)樂棄捨,(4)有求必應(=yācayogo應乞者之所求)(5)樂分配施。(6)願終生說真實語。(7)願終生不生氣,若生氣則速制伏。)

Vati, vatikā,【陰】圍牆,柵欄。

Vatika,【形】(在【合】中) 的習慣,像的行爲。

vat﹐【字根I.使轉動(turn)

vatt1﹐【字根I.】適宜(to be fit),滾(to roll)

vatt2﹐【字根I.】存在(to exist),舉止向於(to behave towards)

Vatta,【中】責任,服務,職責,行儀。vattapaivatta,【中】各種的責任。vattasampanna,【形】忠實的。na-vattabba, 不可說(not to be classified,即不可分類成過去、現在或未來法。)vattakkhandhakaṁ(職責篇) (Vin.Cv.II,207~235Sp.Cv.VI,1280~6)

1.āgantukavattakathā(客住者的職責) (Sp.Cv.VI,1280.)2.āvāsikavattakathā(原住者(舊住者)的職責) (Sp.Cv.VI,1282.)3.gamikavattakathā(遠行者的職責) (Sp.Cv.VI,1285.)4.anumodanavattakathā(隨喜的職責) (Sp.Cv.VI,1283.)5.bhattaggavattakathā(食堂的職責) (Sp.Cv.VI,1283.)6.piṇḍacārikavattakathā(乞食者的職責) (Sp.Cv.VI,1285.)7.āraññikavattakathā(林野住者的職責) (Sp.Cv.VI,1285.)8.senāsanavattakathā(坐臥處的職責) (Sp.Cv.VI,1285.)9.jantāgharavattādikathā(浴室的職責) (Sp.Cv.VI,1286.)10.vaccakuivatta (廁所的職責)

11.upajjhāyavatta(對戒師的職責)

12. saddhivihārikavatta(對弟子的職責) (Cv.II,227.)

13. ācariyavatta(對阿闍梨的職責)

14.antevāsikavatta(對學生的職責) (Cv.II,231.)

Vattaka, vattetu,【陽】運用,保持。

Vattati, Vaṭṭati,(vat( vt)使轉動+aVedic vartate), 存在,發生,産生,繼續。【過】vatti。【獨】vattitvā。【現vattanta, vattamāna。【不】vattitu。【義】vattabba(vatthabba at Vin.II,8), vattitabba

Vattana,【中】vattanā,【陰】操行。

Vattanī,【陰】道路,路徑。

Vattabba (= vaditabba),【義】適合被說。vattabbata, 適合被說性。

Vattamāna,【形】已存在的。【陽】現在的時期。vattamānā,【陰】〔語法〕 現在時態。vattamānaka,【形】已存在的,繼續的。

Vattikā,【陰】皮帶,燈芯。

Vattitabba,【義】應該從事,應該實行,應該觀察。

Vattin (fr. vt),【形】(在【合】中) 從事,實行,做(engaged in, having power over, making, doing)

Vattar (n. ag. of vatti, vac),【陽】說者,講者,說話的人(one who speaks, a sayer, speaker)

Vattu, (vadati 的【不】)

Vatteti (vattati 的【使】), 使繼續,使進行。【過】vattesi。【過vattita。【現vattenta。【獨】vattetvā,【義】vattetabba。【不】vattetu

Vattha,【中】布料,衣服。vatthaguyha,【中】被衣藏著的,即:陰部。vatthantara,【中】布料的種類。vatthayuga,【中】一對衣服。

Vatthi (vasti),【陽】【陰】膀胱。vatthikamma,【中】灌腸。vatthikosa,(包封男性的器官)包皮(古譯:陰藏膜)peassa vatthino, 膀胱(peḷā f. 容器)

Vatthu(<vas),【中】位置,田地,小塊土地,物體,事物,故事,依處(阿毘達摩用語)vatthuka,【形】(在【合】中) 有其地在,被發現在。vatthukata,【形】以爲基礎的,徹底地熟練的。vatthukāma﹐事欲。vatthugāthā,【陰】介紹的偈。vatthudevatā,【陰】地神,地基主(the gods protecting the grounds, field-gods, house-gods)vatthuvijjā,【陰】(建築)地點的科學,堪輿學(即:風水學。he science of (building-) sites, the art of determining a suitable (i. e. lucky) site for a house)vatthuvisadakiriyā,【陰】原則的清潔。Vibhv.p.103.Vasanti etesu cittacetasikā tannissayattāti vatthūni.(這些心、心所住在那依靠處,為依處)

Vatvā, vatvāna,(vadati的【獨】), 告訴了,說了。

Vadaññū,【形】不拘泥的,慷慨的,聽取懇求道德。vadaññutā,【陰】寬大,磊落。

Vadati (vad+a), 說,講。【過】vadi。【過vutta。【現vadanta, vadamāna。【義】vattabba。【獨】vatvā, vaditvā。【不】vattuvuttanayena﹐依已說過的原理。sammā vadamāno﹐正說。N’eso n’atthiti vadami,我不說:它不存在。

Vadana,【中】臉,演講,說話語。

Vadāpana,【中】使人說。

Vadapeti (vadati 的【使】), 使人說。【過】vadapesi。【過vadapita。【獨】vadapetvā

Vadeti (vad +e), 說。

Vaddalika,【陰】雨雲朵的堆積。

Vaddha,形】老的,莊嚴的。vaddhatara,【形】年長者,資深者。bhikkhū vuḍḍhatarā, 諸較年長的比丘。參考 Vuddha

Vaddhana, 參考 vaḍḍhana

Vaddhāpacāyana,【中】向年長者尊敬。

vadh﹐【字根I.】拷問(to torture)

Vadha,【陽】處罰,殺害,死刑。vadhaka,【陽】劊子手,施行處罰的人。vadhabandha﹐囚禁。

Vadhita, (vadheti 的【過)已殺,已欺負,已傷害。

Vadhukā,【陰】少妻,媳婦。

Vadhū,【陰】女人。

Vadhaka(< vadh),【陽】殺,謀殺,謀殺者(slaying, killing; murderous; a murderer)vadhakacitta, 殺心。vadhakacetanā, 殺意(murderous intention)。【陰】vadhikā

Vadhati (Vedic vadh; the root is given at Dhtp 169 in meaning of “hisā”),  打,處罰,殺(to strike, punish; kill, slaughter, slay; imper. 2nd pl. vadhetha Vism.314; ger. vadhitvā M.I,159; D.I,98; J.I.12; IV.67; SnA 257 (hisitvā+); fut. vadhissati Mhvs 25, 62; aor. vadhi J.I.18 (cp. ud-abbadhi); cond. 1st sg. vadhissa Miln.221. -- grd. vajjha: see . -- Caus. vadheti J.I.168; Miln.109. pp. vadhita.

Vadhita [pp. of vadheti] smitten Th.1, 783=M.II,73 (=vyathita).

Vadhukā (< vadhū),【陰】媳婦(a daughter-in-law, a young wife)

Vadhū (Ved. Vadhū),【陰】媳婦(a daughter-in-law)

Vadheti (vadh拷問+e), 【使】殺,欺負,傷害。【過】vadhesi。【現vadhenta。【獨】vadhitvā

van﹐【字根VI.】請求(to beg)

Vana,【中】樹木,森林。vanakammika,【陽】林業工人。vanagahana,【中】叢林繁茂處。vanagumba,【陽】樹叢。vanacara, vanacaraka, vanacārī,【形】林務官,森林人。vanadevatā,【陰】森林神。vanappati, vanaspati,【陽】大無花果樹〔直譯:林王〕( Pāṭalī)vanapattha,【中】在森林中的偏僻地方。vanavāsin,【形】林居的。vanasaṇḍa,【陽】叢林繁茂處。

Vanati, Vanute, Vanoti (van; vanoti & vanute)渴望希望

Vanatha,【陽】渴望,欲望。

Vanabhaga﹐【陽】啼泣。

Vanika,【形】(在【合】中)森林的。

Vanta (vamati 的【過), 已嘔吐,已棄絕。vantakasāva,【形】放下所有過失的人。vantamala,【形】已嘔吐穢物的。sabbāvantehi pādatalehi, 於腳掌完全放下。

vand(vand)﹐【字根I.】彎腰、鞠躬(to bow down)

Vandaka,【形】頂禮的人,尊敬的人。

Vandati (vand彎腰+a), 行禮,表示敬意,尊敬,崇拜,頂禮。【過】vandi。【過vandita。【現vandanta, vandamāna。【義】vanditabba。【獨】vanditvā, vandiyapañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā, 五處禮法;在《律藏》(Vin.v,p.206.)是指下座比庫頂禮上座比庫或佛陀的方法,即:「優婆離(Upāli)!較新學的比庫在頂禮較長的比丘足時,應內〔自心〕現起五法後來頂禮。是哪五法呢?優婆離!較新學的比丘在頂禮較長的比庫足時應當︰1.偏袒上衣在一肩〔偏袒右肩〕、2.合拿、3.以手掌摩觸(對方的雙)足、4.現起敬愛,及5.現起恭敬來禮足。」

Vandana(< vand, cp. Vedic vandana),【中】Vandanā,【陰】敬禮,敬意,頂禮(salutation, respect, paying homage; veneration, adoration)。音譯:伴談、和南。義林章四本曰:「若云伴談,或云伴題,此云稽首,亦云禮拜,訛名和南。」西域記二曰:「致敬之式,其儀九等:一發言慰問,二俯首示敬,三舉手高揖,四合掌平拱,五屈膝,六長跪,七手膝踞地,八五輪俱屈,九五體投地。」cf. Namakkāra (Namaskāra那謨悉羯羅),禮拜。Vin.(Pari.V,206.CS:p.358)Navakatarenupāli, bhikkhunā vuḍḍhatarassa bhikkhuno pāde vandantena ekasa uttarāsaga karitvā, añjali paggahetvā ubhohi pāṇitalehi pādāni parisambāhantena, pemañca gāravañca upaṭṭhāpetvā pādā vanditabbā.(較年輕的比丘,優婆離!頂禮諸較年長的比丘時,應外衣偏袒一肩,合掌,以兩掌完全觸摸雙足,應釋出愛心及恭敬心而頂禮。)

Vandāpana,【中】令人尊崇。

Vandāpeti, (vandati 的【使】)。【過】vandāpesi。【過vandāpita。【獨】vandāpetvā

vap(vap)﹐【字根I.】播種、掖(to sow)

Vapati (vap播種+a), 播種,掖種,剃。【過】vapi。【過vapita, vutta。【現vapanta。【獨】vapitvā

Vapana,【中】播種。

Vapu,【中】身體。

Vappa,【陽】播種,瓦巴月(月名,十月至十一月,農曆9161015)vappakāla,【陽】播種時節。vappamagala,【中】耕種節日。

vam(vam)﹐【字根I.】吐出(to vomit)

Vamati (vam+a), 吐出,噴出,放出。【過】vami。【過vanta, vamita。【獨】vamitvā

Vamathu,【陽】vamana,【中】嘔吐,排出的食物,嘔吐藥

Vambhana,【中】vambhanā,【陰】藐視,輕視。

Vambhī,【陽】以輕視對待的人。

Vambheti (vambh+e), 輕視,不尊敬。【過】vambhesi。【過vambhita。【現vambhenta。【獨】vambhetvā

Vamma,【中】甲胄。vammī,【陽】穿用的甲胄。

Vammika,【陽】蟻丘、蟻塚、蟻垤()、音譯︰拔彌、婆蜜(ant-hill,蟻丘是突出於地表的螞蟻都市,裡面住滿了螞蟻與其幼期個體。蟻丘最常見於氣溫與濕度皆極端的棲息地,而建造蟻丘的螞蟻種類,往往也是最擅長進行氣候調節的螞蟻。

Vammita, (Vammeti的【過) 穿上甲胄

Vammeti (vam+e), 穿上甲胄。【過】vammesi。【獨】vammetvā

Vaya(sk.vayas),【陽】【中】(mano-group)衰老,損失,衰退,開支。vayakaraa,【中】開支。vayakalyāṇa,【中】年輕的魅力。vayaṭṭha,【形】成熟的。vayappatta,【形】成年的,適合結婚的。khayavaya, 衰滅。

Vayassa,ada【陽】朋友。

Vayovuddha,【形】年老的。

Vayohara,【形】奪取生命的。

Vayha,【中】交通工具,抬轎,垃圾Vayhā,【陰(grd. formation fr. vah; cp. Sk. vahya (nt.)] a vehicle, portable bed, litter)

var﹐【字根I.】遮蓋(to cover)。【字根VII.】選擇(to choose)。希望(to wish)

Vara1(<(var)v, 希望;Vedic vara),【形】優良的、優質的、貴族的(excellent, splendid, best, noble)。【陽】恩惠,好意,優者(=佛陀)varaganā,【陰】高貴的淑女。varada,【形】佈施優良供品的人(施優者)varadāna,【中】恩惠或特權的允許。varapañña(=agga-pañña),【形】有優良知識的(supreme wisdom)varabhatta, 中】上好食物(excellent food【反】lāmakavara)varalakkhaa,【中】優良的相(在身體上)dhammavara, 【陽】優質的法(the best norm) nagaravara, 【陽】高貴的城市(the noble city)Naravara,【陽】人中優者(=佛陀)ratanavara, 【陽】貴重的寶物(the best of gems)rājavara, 【陽】著名的國王(famous king)Varo Varaññū Varado Varāharo, 優者、知優者(知涅槃者)、施優者、持優者(已帶來優良之道)(都是指佛陀)(cf. KhA.193.) KhA.6-17/193.Varoti paṇītādhimuttikehi icchito “aho vata mayampi evarūpā assāmā”ti, varaguayogato vā varo uttamo seṭṭhoti attho.(優者︰有智慧傾向的願望者。啊!真的!願我們也有如此(的智慧)具有優德的優者、優良者、殊勝者之義)

Vara2(<v,希望),陽】中】希望(wish),恩惠(boon, favour)vara dadāti,施恩惠( to grant a wish or a boon)vara yācati,請求施恩惠( to ask a favour)

Varaa,【陽】一種樹 (Crataeva roxburghii)

Varatta, 【中】。Varattā(cp. Vedic varatrā),【陰】皮帶,繩(a strap, thong, strip of leather)

Varāka,【形】可憐的,悲慘的人。

Varārohā,【陰】貴族的女人。

Varāha,【陽】豬,公豬。varāhī,【陰】母豬。

Valañja,【中】(在【合】中) 1.車轍(track),線條(line),痕迹(trace, in padavalañja track, footprint)2.被隱秘的(that which is spent or secreted)3.valañjana,【中】憑藉,使用,當作,用減輕身體。valañjanaka,【形】適合被用或花費的。valañja muñcati, 釋放自己(to ease oneself)。【反】avalañja, 無用的(useless, superfluous)

Valañjiyamāna,【形】使用過的。

Valañjeti (valaj +e), 追蹤,沿路走,使用,花費,求助。【過】valañjesi。【過valañjjita。【現valañjenta。【獨】valañjetvā。【義】valañjetabba

Valaya,【中】腳鐲(bangle),手鐲(bracelet),環(loop)valayākāra,【形】圓形的。

Valāhaka,【陽】雨雲(rain cloud)

Vali,【陰】折層,皺紋。valika,【形】有折層的。

Valita,【過】已起皺。

Valittaca,【形】皮皺,皮膚皺巴巴的。valittacata, 皮皺狀。

Valira,【形】斜眼的。

Valīmukha,【陽】猴子,多皺紋的臉。

Vallakī,【陰】印度琵琶。

Vallabha,【形】喜歡的事物。vallabhatta,【中】中意的情況。

Vallarī,【陰】串,群。

Valli,【陰】蔓草。vallihāraka,【陽】收集蔓草者。

Vallibha,【陽】南瓜(pumpkin Tipusa)

Vallūra,【中】肉乾。

Vavakassati(vi+ava+<kṛṣ()的【使】),【形】遠離的、引離的。(vapakāsituread vavakāsitu or vavakassitu)。【過vavakaṭṭha

Vavatthapeti (vi+ava+hā+āpe), 安頓,定義,固定,指定。【過】vavatthapesi。【過vavatthāpita。【獨】vavatthapetvā

Vavatthāpana,【中】定義,決心。

Vavattheti (vi+ava+hā+e), 分析,定義。【過】vavatthesi。【過vavatthita。【獨】vavatthetvā

vas(vas)﹐【字根I.】居住(to dwell)

vas﹐【字根VII.】遮蓋(to cover),穿(to dress)

Vasa(cp. Vedic vaśa; vaś to be eager, to desire),【陽】【中】影響力,權威,控制(power, authority, control, influence)vasaga, vasagata,【形】在他人的權威之下。vasavattaka, vasavattī,【形】使用權威的,支配。vasavattana,【中】控制,權威。vasānuga, vasānuvattī,【形】服從的。vasamanvagū﹐隨控制(anvagū(anugacchati之第三人稱、複數、過去式)跟隨)

Vasati1 (vas1+a), 穿(clothe. pp. vuttha1. Caus. vāseti: see ni°. See also vāsana1)

Vasati2 (vas2+a), 居住停留(to live, dwell, stay, abide; to spend time)。【過】vasi (vasī vasi)。【過vasita, vusita [=vi+uita], vuttha [perhaps=vi+uṣṭa]。【現vasanta, vasamāna。【獨】vasitvā。【義】vasitabba & vatthabba。【歎】vasatha。【潛】vaseyya & vase。【不】vatthu & vasitu。【未】vasissati [=Sk. vasiyati]; and (older) vacchati [=Sk. vatsyati; 1st sg. vacchāmi; & vaccha。【被】vussati [Sk. uyate]Caus. I. vāseti to cause to live, stay or dwell; to make live; to preserve (opp. nāseti at S.IV,248) (inf. vāsetu); see also vāseti2. -- Caus. II. vasāpeti (cp. adhivāsāpeti) to make live or spend, to cause to dwell, to detain J.I.290; II.27; PvA.20 (vassa). -- pp. vāsita

Vasati3 (< vas2, cp. Vedic vasati), 【陰】居住,停留(a dwelling, abode, residence J.VI.292 (rāja°=rāja-paricariyā C.); Miln.372 (rājavasati vase); Dāvs IV.27 (saka°).

Vasana1 (fr. vasati1),【中】衣服(clothing, clothes Sn.971; Th.2, 374; D.III,118 (odāta°), 124 (id.); Nd1 495 (the six cīvarāni); PvA.49. -- vasanāni clothing Mhvs 22, 30. -- vasana (-°) as adj. “clothed,” e. g. odāta° wearing white robes Vin.I,187; kāsāya° clad in yellow robes Mhvs 18, 10; pilotika° in rags J.IV,380; suci° in bright garments Sn.679; Pv.I,108

Vasana2 (fr. vasati2),【中】住處,生活。vasanaka,【形】居住在處的。vasanaṭṭhāna,【中】住宅(residence, dwelling place)vasanagāma,住在村庄(the village where (he) lived J.II,153; DhA.I,323 and passim)

Vasanaka, vasanaka- (fr. vasana2),【形】居住(living (in) J.II,435.)nibaddhavasanaka, 定居(of continuous abode)

Vasanta (Vasantakāla)(Vedic vasanta),【陽】春天(spring)bālavasanta, 初春(Citra制多月--農曆216315)vasantavana(DA.I,132),春天叢林。

Vasala(Vedic vṛṣala, dimin. of vṛṣan, lit. “little man”),【陽】被驅逐的人,出生低賤的人(an outcaste; a low person, wretch)。【形】低賤的(vile, foul)。【陰】vasalī賤民(outcaste, wretched woman)。低賤行為(vasalādhama=vasaladhamma (vile conduct)vasalavāda, 低賤的語言(foul talk)vasalasutta賤民經(the suttanta on outcasts)

Vasalaka [vasala+ka in more disparaging sense] 賤民(=vasala)

Vasā1 (Vedic vaśā; cp. vāśitā),【陰】成牛(a cow (neither in calf nor giving suck))

Vasā2,【陰】脂肪,油脂(fat, tallow, grease)

Vasāpeti (vasati 的【使】), 使活,使居住,扣留。【過】vasāpesi。【過vasāpita。【獨】vasāpetvā

Vasita (pp. of vasati2), 居住住在(dwelled, lived)

Vasitā,【陰】掌握,聰明。五自在:1.入定自在(samāpajjanavasitā)能夠迅速地證入各種禪那的能力(一彈指或十彈指的時間,有些禪修中心以五分鐘為計)2.決意自在(adhiṭṭhānavasitā住定自在)能夠迅速地住在定中3.出定自在(vuṭṭhānavasitā)是能夠迅速地從禪定中出來的能力。4.省察自在(paccavekkhaṇāvasitā)是能夠在出定之後省察(觀察心()中的禪支)剛才所證入的禪那的能力。5.轉向自在(āvajjana-vasitā)是能夠迅速地以意門轉向心(manodvārāvajjanena)轉向似相,而似相就能夠迅速地生起

-vasena, 住於,處於,處置。

Vasitu,【不】居住。

Vasin(<vasa),【形】有權力的,操縱的,自在的(having power (over), mastering, esp. one’s senses; a master (over) )(=ciṇṇavasitattā vasī)Vism 154.(五自在)vasīkata,【形】受制於的,在個人權力之下的。vasībhāva,【陽】掌握。vasībhūta,【形】已成爲主人的。

Vasippatta(vasī+ppatta),【形】已經掌握的。

Vasima =vasin有權力的(It.32 (Acc. vasima; v. l. vasīma))

Vasī-(is the composition form of vasa in combn with roots k and bhū),居住。vasīkata, 使依賴,帶到某人的權力之下(made dependent, brought into somebody’s power, subject(ed) Th.2, 295 (=vasavattino katvā, pl.); Sn.154; cp. BSk. vaśīkta Jtm 213. See also vasagata)vasikatvā, 勝過(having overcome or subjected Sn.561 (=attano vase vattetvā SnA 455). Metricausâ as vasi karitvā at Sn.444.)vasibhāva,有權的狀態(state of having power, mastery)vasibhūta,成為熟悉(having become a master (over), mastering)

Vasu(Vedic vasu good),【中】財富(wealth)vasudhā, vasundharā, vasumatī,【陰】大地。

vass﹐【字根I.】下雨(to rain)

Vassa(vara<vi年、雨),【陽】1.年。2.雨,雨季(五月十六至九月十五)vassakāla,【陽】雨季。vassagga,【中】最多戒臘。vassāvāsa﹐雨安居,夏安居。deve vassante﹐於天降雨時。antovassa雨安居期間。

Vassati1(vass下雨+a), 下雨(to shower, pour(down))。【過】vassi。【過vassita, (在下雨的情況) vuṭṭha。【現vassanta。【獨】vassitvāvassam vuṭṭho﹐受夏坐。vassatu, imper.; vassi, aor.);(devo vassanto Nom. sg.). Caus. II. vassāpeti to cause to rain J V.201 (Sakko deva v. let the sky shed rain). -- pp. vaṭṭa, vaṭṭha, vuṭṭha. Another pp. of the Caus. *vasseti is vassita.

Vassati2(vāś, to bellow吼叫), 叫、吼叫(to utter a cry (of animals), to bellow, bark, to bleat, to crow etc. S II.230; J I.436 (of a cock)); (ppr. vassamāna= vāsamāna C.). pp. vassita2.

Vassana1,【中】下雨(日語:雨垂れ,amadare)(鳥、獸等)叫,啼,嗥,鳴。

Vassana2 (< vassati2),【中】(,小牛等)咩咩叫、抱怨(bleating)。【中】avassana (J IV.251.)

Vassāna,【陽】雨季。

Vassāpanaka,【形】使下雨的。

Vassāpeti (vassati 的【使】), 使下雨。【過】vassāpesi。【過vassāpita。【獨】vassāpetvā

Vassika,【形】雨季的。(在【合】中) …歲。vassikasāṭikā,【陰】比丘在雨季用的雨衣。

Vassikā(=vassika【中】=vassikīvārikā),【陰】茉莉花(= sumanāi.e.Jasminum Sambacgreat-flowered jasmine Mallikā)vassika(vassikī)【中】茉莉,婆師華,夏生花。ye keci pupphagandhā, vassika tesa aggamakkhāyati.(一切華香中,茉莉花香為其最上。)

Vassita (vassati 的【過), 已弄濕。【中】(鳥、獸等的)叫,啼,嗥,鳴。

vah(vah)﹐【字根I.】獲得(to bear away)(carry)

Vaha, vaha-, -vaha, (< vah) 1.帶,帶來(bringing, carrying, leading(vāri° river=mahānadī); S I.103; PvA 13 (anattha°). Doubtful in hetu-vahe, better with v. l. °vaco, expld by sakāraa-vacana)Acc. vaha2.(a current (Gangā°); V.388 (mahā°)Cp. vāha.

Vahati (vah+a), 1.負擔,攜帶(to carry, bear, transport)2.著手,做自己的工作(to proceed, to do one’s work)3.工作(to work, to be able, to have power)。【過】vahi。【過vahita。【現vahantavahamāna, vuyhamāna, vāhiyamāna(in med. pass. sense)。【獨】vahitvā。【義】vahitabbaimper. vaha; inf. vahituṁ; pass. vuyhati (Sk. uhyate) to be carried (along); pass. also vahīyati (=nīyati); ppr. vahīyamāna. pp. ūḷha (see soḍha), vuḷha & vūḷha (būḷha). -- Caus. vāheti to cause to go, to carry, to drive awaypp. vahita (for vāh°). Cp. ubbahati2.

Vahana,【中】運載,負擔,流動。vahanaka,【形】負擔的,引起的。

Vahitu,【陽】持有人。

Vaabāmukha,【中】海底火。

Vaavā(梵【陽】VaavāVaabā;梵【陰】VāḍavāVāḍabā), 【陽】馬(horse)sabbasetena vaavābhirathena, 一切皆白的馬車。

Vasa,【陽】1.種族,世系,家庭。2.印度箣竹(主要分佈於東西兩半球的熱帶和亞熱帶的一種大木本植物 (Bambusa arundinacea),有中空的莖,直徑達五或六英寸,並且堅硬而結實,用來做家具、炊具和建築結構架;小竹竿也可用〔如做手杖和長笛〕,幼苗可當食物)3.竹笛。vasakāḷīra,【陽】竹筍。vasaja,【形】出生在某氏族或種族中。vasavaṇṇa,【陽】天青石、青金石(lapis lazuli),天青石色。vasāgata,【形】從父親傳到兒子的。vasānupālaka,【形】保存世系的。

Vasati,【形】氏族或種族的。

vā(vā)﹐【字根I.III.】吹(to blow)cp.(śvas / śu)

Vā (選擇關係連詞), 或,只能二選一的(or, either)vā…vā﹐或或。vā屬「後置語」,「AB」要說「A vā B vā」或者「A B vā」,但若A(B)由多個語詞構成時,則vā要放在「首語之後」。例如 A1 vā A2 A3 」。「B1 vā B2」,即B = B1 B2 的情況,如:appiyā vā dāyadā=(不肖的)怨嗣。with negation in second place: whether -- or not, or not, e. g. hoti no vā is there or is there not D I.61; taṁ patthehi mā vā VvA 226. -- Combined with other emphatic particles: (na) vā pana not even Pv II.69 (manussena amanussena vā pana); vā pi or even Sn 382 (ye vā pi ca); Pv II.614 (isayo pi ye santā etc.); iti vā Nd2 420; atha vā Dh 83 (sukhena atha vā dukhena); uda . . . vā Sn. 232 (kāyena vācā uda cetasā vā). -- In verse vā is sometimes shortened to va, e. g. devo va Brahmā vā Sn 1024: see va4.=va, 在偈中(如︰devo va Brahmā vā Sn.1024.)

-vāk (Vedic vāc, for which the usual P. form is vācā),說,發聲,談(speech, voice, talk; only in cpd. -vākkaraṇa)kalyāṇavākkaraatā, 言語和雅(A.I,38.)Cp. Vākya(句子)

Vāka,【中】樹皮(用來做衣服)(the bark of a tree)vākacīra,【中】樹皮衣。vākamaya,【形】樹皮條製的。vākavāka, 沒有樹皮。

Vākarā, Vāgurā,【陰】捕捉鹿的網(net, snare)

Vākkaraa,【中】交談。

Vākya,【中】句子,敍述。

Vāgurika,【陽】用網捕捉動物的獵人。

Vācaka,【陽】背誦者,教者(reciting, speaking, expressing)

Vācana,【中】朗誦,閱讀。

Vācanaka,【中】朗誦的典禮或地方。

Vācanāmagga,【陽】朗誦或傳統的方法。

Vācasika,【形】與講話有關連的。

Vācā,【陰】話,演講,敍述。vācānurakkhī,【形】小心自己的言談的。

Vācāla,【形】饒舌的,喜歡說話的。

Vācuggata,【形】記住的。

Vāceti (vac+e), 讀,教,背誦。【過】vācesi。【過vācita。【現vācenta。【義】vācetabba。【獨】vācetvā

Vācetu,【陽】讀者,教者。

Vāja,【陽】箭羽,一種生力飲料(肉珊瑚的乳液;見 Pāṭalī)vājapeyya,【中】蘇摩祭(祭祀肉珊瑚的乳液生力飲料)

Vājī,【陽】馬。

Vāṭa, vāṭaka,【陽】圍欄。

Vāṇija, vāṇijaka,【陽】商人,賈人。

Vāṇijja,【中】交易。

Vāṇī,【陰】話,演講。

Vāta (<vāVedic vāta; cp. Sk. vāti & vāyati to blow, vāyu wind),【陽】風,空氣。vātaghātaka。【陽】鼓捶樹(Cassia Fistula Uddālaka)vātajava,【形】像風一樣的迅速。vātabhesajja,【中】胃腸藥(古印度麻油tela,常用作調理胃腸)vātapāna,【中】窗戶。vātamaṇḍalikā,【陰】旋風。vātaroga, vātābādha(vāta+ābādha),【陽】風生病(例:腹部不舒服。 “wind disease,” internal pains (not rheumatism不是風濕症) )vātavutthi,【陰】風和雨。vātavega,【陽】風力。身體有六個部分是風界最顯著的:1.uddhajgamā vātā, 上行風(打呃、嘔吐)2.adhogamā vātā, 下行風(大小便、放屁)3.kucchisayā vātā, 腸外風。4.koṭṭhāsayā vātā﹐腸內風。5.agamagānusārino vātā, 支體循環風(身體屈伸、血液循環等)6.assāsa passāsaso, 入息與出息。assāso, 息入風(吸氣)passāso﹐息出風(呼氣)kaivātābādhika(kai腰部+vātābādhika風病) , 胃腸病。udaravātābādha(udara+vātābādha), 胃腸病。

Vātātapa,【陽】風和熱。

Vātābhihata,【形】被風吹動的。

Vātāyana,【中】窗戶。

Vātāhaa,【形】被風帶來的。

Vātehābādhito (vāta+ehi+ābādhito已病【過)﹐感冒。

Vāti (vā+a), 吹,發出氣味。

Vātika,【形】與體內風有關的。

Vātigaa(cp. *Sk. vātingaṇa),【陽】茄子(the egg plant, brinjalSolanum melongena又名落蘇,一種直立、稍帶木質、被毛的多年生草本,果可食,紫色、白色、黃色或帶條紋,茄子內含維生素 AB1B2C、P及脂肪、蛋白質;每公斤茄子含維生素P達7200毫克。維生素P能增強人體細胞間的粘著力,降低膽固醇,可保持微血管的堅韌性,抑制血管硬化,降低高血壓、防止微管破裂、抗癌。美國醫學界在「降低膽固醇十二法」中,茄子榮居榜首。)

Vāterita,【形】被風吹動的。

Vāda(<vad: see vadati; Vedic vāda),【陽】理論,敍述,教條論爭。vādakāma,【形】渴望爭論的。vādakkhitta,【形】推翻爭論的。vādapatha,【陽】爭論的話題。SA.14.25./II,146.Vādoti tassa bhūtato tacchato viññāpana.(語言︰告知它的存在的、真實的。) 《說文》:「語,論也。」段注:「此即毛鄭說也。語者禦也。如毛說,一人辯論是非謂之語。如鄭說,與人相答問辯難,謂之語。」

Vādaka,【陽】學說的,宗派主義者,異教的。

Vādana (fr. vādeti),【中】演奏樂器(playing on a musical instrument, music VvA.276.)

Vādita (pp. of vādeti),【中】演奏((instrumental) music)。【過】已演奏。Sp.Pāci.IV,925.Yakiñci vāditanti tantibaddhādivādanīyabhaṇḍavādita vā hotu, kuabherivādita vā, antamaso udakabherivāditampi, sabbampeta vāditameva.(任何演奏︰演奏琴弦樂器,演奏水壺鼓乃至水鼓,諸如此類的演奏。)《優婆塞莊嚴》(Upāsakajanālakāra SL.p.91.)vāditanti” vīṇāveumurajāki vādana.(演奏︰琵琶(vīṇā)、竹器(veu)、小手鼓(murajatamborine)等之樂器演奏。)

Vādin (fr. vāda,【陽】爭論者,傳道某些教義者,談及(speaking (of), saying, asserting, talking; professing, holding a view or doctrine; arguing)vādīvara,【陽】持概念中的最高貴者。sakavādī, 自說(在《論事》中指「上座部」(Theravāda,梵Sthavīra-vādin)paravādī, 他說(在《論事》中指其他派系。

Vādeti (vad+e), 演奏(樂器)

Vāna,【中】渴望,床的網(印度床)

Vānara(<vā+nara人;PED<vana(forester)),【陽】猴子。vānarī,【陰】母猴。vānarinda,【陽】猴王。

Vāpi(cp. Epic & Classic Sk. vāpī),【陰】池、水庫(a pond)vāpijala,池水。

Vāpeti (caus. fr. vap)﹐使播種(to cause to sow)刈草(to mow)。【過vāpita

Vāpita1,vāpeti的過1.已播種(sown)

Vapita2 (pp. of vāpeti), 刈草(mownDhsA.238)

Vāma,【形】左(left, the left side)( 【反】dakkhiṇa,),愉快的。vāmapassa,【中】左邊,台語:倒手爿

Vāmana, vāmanaka,【陽】矮子(dwarf)。【形】像侏儒的(dwarfish)

Vāya,【陽】【中】(mano-group), 風,空氣。參考 Vāyo

Vāya= vā+ayaṁ(或這)

Vāyati (vā+ya), 1.吹,發出氣味。2.編織。【過】vāyi。【現vāyanta, vāyamāna。【獨】vāyitvā

Vāyana,【中】吹風,散佈氣味。

Vāyamati (vi+ā+yam檢查(cp.yam 抵達)+a), 奮鬥,努力,付之行動(to struggle, strive, endeavour; to exert oneself)。【過】vāyami。【現vāyamanta。【獨】vāyamitvā1chanda janeti 2vāyamati 3vīriya ārabhati 4citta paggahāti padahati(1起欲、2精進、3發奮、4策勵心)

Vāyasa,【陽】烏鴉(crow)

Vāyasāri,【陽】貓頭鷹(owl)

Vāyāma(<vi+ā+yam抵達(cp.yam 抵達)),【陽】努力,精進(striving, effort, exertion, endeavour)

Vāyita (vāyati 的【過), 已編織,已打辮。

Vāyima(<: vāyati1),【形】編織的(weaving, woven)【反】avayima

Vāyeti (vā+e), 使編織。

Vāyu,【中】風,風元素(移動)

Vāyo, (取自 vāya 詞形,在【合】中) vāyokasia,【中】(修禪取相的)vāyodhātu,【陰】風界(風元素)Dhs.(PTS:965CS:970.)Katama ta rūpa vāyodhātu?  Ya 1vāyo 2vāyogata 3thambhitatta rūpassa ajjhatta vā bahiddhā vā upādiṇṇa vā anupādiṇṇa vā-- ida ta rūpa vāyodhātu.(什麼是「色的風界(What is the Corporeality which is the Element of motion)?凡是1移動(motion)2移動性、3剛強(rigidity, ),生起於色的內、外,或已執取、未執取,這是「色的風界」)

Vāra(<vṛ, in meaning “turn,” cp. vuṇāti),【陽】()回,場合,機會(turn, occasion, time, opportunity)sassavāre ,(播種)農作物的時機。

Vāraka,【陽】廣口瓶。

Vāraa,【陽】象,(喙像象鼻的)禿鷲(eagle)。【中】防止,障礙,抵抗。

Vāri,【中】水。vārigocara,【形】活在水中的。vārija,【形】生在水中的。【陽】魚。【中】睡蓮。vārida, vāridhara, vārivāha,【陽】雨雲。vārimagga,【陽】排水溝,水管。

Vārita, (vāreti【過)避免,阻隔,阻礙。

Vāritta,【中】避免,不應該被做的行爲。

Vāriyamāna,【形】被阻礙的,阻隔的,避免的。

Vāruṇī,【陰】含有酒精成份的酒。

Vāreti (var +e), 避免,阻隔,阻礙。【過】vāresi。【現vārenta, vā-rayamāna。【義】vāretabba。【獨】vāretvā

Vāreyya (nt.) [grd. of vāreti] marriage, wedding Th 2, 464, 472, 479; SnA 19.

Vāla1Vāḷa﹐【陽】1.尾毛。2.毛篩。3.野獸。【形】兇猛的,懷惡意的。vālakambala,【中】以馬毛製的被單。vālagga,【中】髮端。vālaṇḍupaka,【陽】【中】以馬尾製的刷子。vālabījanī, vālavījanī,【陰】拂塵(犛牛尾作的,驅除蚊蠅的用具)vālamiga,【陽】捕鹿野獸(即:虎、豹等)vālavedhī,【陽】能射中一根頭髮的弓箭手(an archer)vāḷakathā﹐【陰】兇的話。aṇḍupaka a cert. material, head dress (?) A I,209 (so read for vālanduka); Vism.142; DhsA 115 (reads leḍḍūpaka). vālakambala, 馬尾做的毛毯(a blanket, made of horse-tails)vālakoṭi,髮端。vālarajju, 一撮頭髮(a cord made of hair)

Vāla2 (cp. Sk. Vyāla),【形】(malicious, troublesome, difficult )

Vāla3(=vāri, cp. late Sk. Vāla),【中】水(only in cpd. vālaja a fish (cp. vārija))

Vāladhi,【陽】尾。

Vālikā, vālukā,【陰】沙。vālikantāra,【陽】沙漠。vālikapuñja,【陽】沙堆。vālikapulina,【中】沙灘。

Vāsa,【陽】1.生活,逗留,生活環境。2.衣。3.香水。vāsacuṇṇa,【中】香粉。vāsaṭṭhāna,【中】住宅。

Vāsana,【中】灑香水,製造居所。

Vāsanā,【陰】印象,回憶。

Vāsara,【陽】()天。

Vāsava,【陽】天神王。

Vāsi,【陰】扁斧,斧頭,鋒利的小刀。vāsijaa,【中】斧柄。vāsiphala,【中】斧口,刀鋒。

Vāsika, vāsin,【陽】(在【合】中) 住在,居在。【陰】vāsinī

Vāsitaka,【中】香粉。

Vāsudeva,【陽】毘瑟挐(印度教主神之一,守護之神)

Vāseti (vas +e), 建立,使居住,灑香水。【過】vāsesi。【過vāsita。【獨】vāsetvā

Vāha,【形】1.運送的,領先的。2.領袖。【陽】,3.手推車,4.一滿車(的裝貨量,即:380 陀那〔見 Doa)5.負荷的畜牲。6.急流satthavāha, 商隊領導人(a caravan leader, merchant)vāhanaka =vāha (VvA.337.)

Vāhaka,【陽】負擔者,拿走的人,通向,湧流udakavāhaka, 水流(a flood of water)

Vāhana(< vāheti),【形】1.攜帶,拖(carrying, pulling, drawing)。【中】2.運送,獸馱(conveyance, beast of burden, monture)balavāhana, 隊與象(army & elephants)

Vāhasā(an Instr. of vāha),【無】由於,憑藉,因爲(owing to, by dint of, on account of, through)

Vāhinī,【陰】軍隊。

Vāhin(< vāha),【形】運送的,傳達的,導向的(carrying, conveying)

Vāheti (vah+eCaus. of vahati), 傳達,導向。

Vi- (<dvi 意思“=”)﹐分、離、別、異、反。vi-有強化作用。

Vikaca,【形】開花的(blossoming)

Vikaa(vi+kata, of kṛ),【形】改變的,扭曲的,污染的(changed, altered, distorted; disgusting, foul, filthy)。【中】污物,污垢。

Vikati(< vi+kṛ),【陰】1.種類,類型,某種形狀(“what is made of something,” sort, kind)2.產品(product, make)dantavikati, 象牙製品(ivory make)mālāvikati, 編製花圈(garlandarrangement)

Vikatika(< vikati),【形】(在【合】中) 有許多種類或造形的。

Vikatthati (vi+kath+a), 自誇,炫耀。【過】vikatthi。【過vikatthita。【獨】vikatthitvā

Vikatthana,【中】自誇。

Vikatthaka, vikatthī,【陽】吹牛者。台語:凸風。

Vikantati (vi+kant+a), 切開。【過】vikanti。【過vikantita。【獨】vikantitvā

Vikantana,【中】切斷,切刀。

Vikappa,【陽】想,安排,考慮,優柔寡斷,替代選擇。vikappana,【中】模糊,指派,分配。

Vikappeti (vi+kapp+e), 設計,計劃(ke3 ek8),分配,安排,改變,塑造。【過】vikappesi。【過vikappita。【現vikappenta。【獨】vikappetvā。【義】vikappeyya

Vikampati (vi+kamp+a), 戰慄,不安。【過】vikampi。【過vikampita。【獨】vikampitvā。【現vikampamāna

Vikampana,【中】發抖。

Vikaroti (vi+kar+o), 取消,改變,變成。【過】vikari。【過vikata

Vikala,【形】有缺陷的,需要的,缺少的。vikalaka,【形】缺少。

Vikasati (vi+kas+a), 打開,擴張,吹脹。【過】vikasi。【過vikasita。【獨】vikasitvā

Vikāra,【陽】改變,變更,復原,擾亂,畸形,特質

Vikāla,【陽】錯誤的時間,午後和夜晚。vikālabhojana, divāvikālabhojana,【中】非時食。Pāci.IV,86.IV,166.Vikālo nāma majjhanhike vītivatte yāva aruuggamanā.(非時︰已過中午,到(隔日)天亮))KhA.36vikālabhojananti  majjhanhikavītikkame bhojana.(非時食:超過正午吃食。) KhA.35vikālabhojanassa cattāri agāni-- (1)vikālo, (2)yāvakālika, (3)ajjhoharaa, (4)anummattakatāti.(非時食有四條件︰1.非時,2.時藥(一般食物)3.吞嚥,4.未瘋狂)Pāci.IV,85.說十七群比丘因非時食而制定非時食為「波逸提」罪(Bhikkhu P 37=Bhikkhunī P 120)。《五分律》卷第八(T22.54.1)則傳說因面黑眼赤的迦留陀夷夜晚時乞食,驚嚇到一懷妊婦人,被誤認為「毘舍遮」(鬼名)(M.66./I,448-9.cf.《鼻奈耶》卷第八, T24.884.3),《大莊嚴論經》(52)卷第九, T4.305.2,《增壹阿含49-7經》, T2.800.3)

vikālabhojana,【中】非時食(在午後和晚上吃食物)。不同意世尊制定非時食,發牢騷,如︰M.66./I,449.‘Ki panimassa appamattakassa oramattakassa adhisallikhatevāya samao’ti.(為什麼這樣微小、瑣碎(之事),此沙門過度削減())

Vikāsa,【陽】擴充,打開。

Vikāseti (vi+kās發光+e), 照明,使伸展,使展開。【過】vikāsesi。【過vikāsita。【獨】vikāsetvā

Vikiṇṇa (vikirati 的【過), 已遍佈,已到處撒滿。vikiṇṇakesa,【形】有頭髮蓬亂的。vikiṇṇavācā

Vikiraa,【中】散佈,驅散。

Vikirati (vi+kir+a), 分散,散佈,灑。【過】vikiri。【現vikiranta, vikiramāna。【獨】vikiritvā

Vikirīyati (vikirati 的【被】), 被打碎。

Vikuita,【過】已扭曲,已變形。

Vikubbati (vi+kar+o, karo 被改成 kubba), 轉換,神變。【過】vikubbi。【過vikubbita

Vikubbana,【中】奇迹的轉換。

Vikūjati (vi+kūj+a), 吱喳而嗚,鳥鳴,(鴿等)咕咕地叫,唱。【過】vikūji。【過vikūjita

Vikūjana,【中】鴿子的咕咕叫聲。

Vikūla,【形】傾斜的。

Vikopana,【中】令人生氣,傷害。

Vikopeti (vi+kup+e), 擾亂,傷害,破壞。【過】vikopesi。【過vikopita。【獨】vikopetvā。【現vikopenta

Vikkanta(pp. of vi+kram),【中】向前走,英勇(heroic)。【梵】(世尊八十種好的項目︰) sihavikrāntagāmin(舉步如獅)nāgavikrāntagāmin(舉步如象)hasavikrāntagāmin(舉步如鵝)vṛṣabhavikrāntagāmin(舉步如牛)pradakiṇāvartagāmin(舉步右旋)cārugāmin(舉步優美)avakragāmin(舉步直行)

Vikkandati (vi+kand+a), 大聲地哭,悲傷(to cry out, lament, wail)

Vikkama(<vi+kram),【陽】1.邁步(walking about, stepping)2.堅強,英勇(strength, heroism)。【過vikkanta

Vikkamati(vi+kam(kram)超越+a),向前走,發揮自己(to have or show strength, to exert oneself)。【過】vikkami

Vikkamana,【中】努力,前進。

Vikkaya(vi+kaya),【陽】售賣(selling, sale)

Vikkayika, vikketu(<vikiṇāti),【陽】賣方,售貨員(a salesman, vendor)

Vikkāyika,【形】被賣的。

Vikkāyikabhaṇḍa,【中】交易。

Vikkiṇāti (vi+ki+ṇā), 賣。【過】vikkii。【過vikkiita, vikkīta。【現vikkianta。【獨】vikkiitvā。【不】vikkiitu

Vikkhambha(vi+khambha1),【陽】直徑(diameter)

Vikkhambhana (vi+khambha+na,【中】抽離,丟棄,鎮壓(withdrawal of support, stopping)

Vikkhambhanzppahāna, 伏斷(煩惱鎮伏而不起作用)(elimination (of character-blemishes) by discarding)

Vikkhambheti (vi+khambh+e), 鎮壓,丟棄,消滅。【過】vikkhambhesi。【過vikkhambhita。【現vikkhambhenta。【獨】vikkhambhetvā

Vikkhāleti (vi+khāl+e), 洗掉,漱口。【過】vikkhālesi。【過vikkhālita。【獨】vikkhāletvā

Vikkhitta (vikkhipati 的【過】;sk. vikipta), 已擾亂,已困惑(upset, perplexed, mentally upset, confused)vikkhittacitta,【形】心煩意亂的avikkhitta, 【反】已不擾亂。

Vikkhittaka,【形】到處散佈的(scattered all over, deranged, dismembered)。【中】到處散佈的屍體。

Vikkhipati (vi+khip(kip)+a), 擾亂,搞亂。【過】vikkhipi。【現vikkhipanta。【獨】vikkhipitvā

Vikkhipana,【中】vikkhepa,【陽】擾亂,混亂,錯亂。

Vikkhīṇa (vi+khīṇa), 完全破壞(totally destroyed, finished, gone)

Vikkhīyati (vi+khīyati), 破壞(to go to ruin, to be destroyed, to be lost, J.V,392 (fut. vikkhīyissati). -- pp. vikkhīṇa.

Vikkhepaka,【形】擾亂者。

Vikkhobhana,【中】大騷動。

Vikkhobheti (vi+khubh搖動+e), 徹底地搖動或擾亂。【過】vikkhobhesi。【過vikkhobhita。【獨】vikkhobhetvā

Vigacchati (vi+gam+a), 離開,消失,走開。【過】vigacchi。【現vigacchanta, vigacchamāna

Vigata (Vigacchati的【過), 已走開、已停止、已剝奪、已離去(gone away, disappeared, ceased; having lost or foregone (for-gone=vi-gata), deprived of, being without),已沒有(= vīta)vigatakhila,【形】無硬結的。vigataraja,【形】無污穢的。vigatāsa,【形】無欲望的。vigatāsava,【形】無漏的,聖人。cf. vīta(【過】已無,已沒有)avigata,【反】未離去,不離去。

Vigama,【陽】vigamana,【中】離開,消失,走開(going away, disappearance, departing, departure)

Vigayha (vigāhati 的【獨】), 進入了,跳進了。

Vigarahati (vi+garah+a), 狠狠地責駡,辱駡。【過】vigarahi。【獨】vigarahitvā

Vigalita (vigalati 的【過), 已轉移,已降落。

Vigāhati (vi+gāh衝進+a), 進入,跳進。【過】vigāhi。【過vigāḷha。【現vigāhamāna。【獨】vigāhitvā, vigāhetvā。【不】vigāhitu

Vigāhana,【中】跳進,進入,潛水。

Viggayha (viggahāti 的【獨】), 爭論了,分析了。

Viggaha,【陽】爭論,吵架,身體,將詞分解爲詞素。

Viggahati(vi+grah握持)﹐異執,身,身體。

Viggahita(viggahati的【過)﹐異執,誘惑。

Viggāhikakathā,【陰】好爭論的演講。

Vighaṭṭana,【中】撞。

Vighāṭana,【中】打開,解開。

Vighāṭeti (vi+gha +e), 解開,瓦解,打開。【過】vighāṭesi。【過vighāṭita。【現vighāṭṭenta。【獨】vighāṭetvā

Vighāta(vi+ghata),【陽】1.破壞,屠殺(destruction, killing, slaughter)2.惱怒,煩惱(distress, annoyance, upset of mind, trouble, vexation)3.反對(opposition)vighātapakkhiya, 煩惱的成分。

Vighāteti (vi+han+e), 殺,破壞。【過】vighātesi。【過vighātita。【獨】vighātetvā

Vighāsa,【陽】剩飯,殘餘的食物。vighāsāda,【陽】吃殘食的人。

vic﹐【字根I.】分開(to separate)。【字根III.】被分開(to be separated)cp.(vic), 1.篩,過濾(sift)2.(=vyac)延長(extend)

Vicakkhaa,【形】有技術的,明智的。【陽】明智的人。

Vicaya (<vi擴大+ci收集) (<vicinati檢擇),【陽】調查。pavicaya﹐徹底調查。

Vicaraa,【中】步行,走動(travelling about)

Vicarati (vi+car移動+a), 走動,遊蕩(to go or move about in (Loc.), to walk (a road=Acc.), to wander)。【過】vicari。【過vicarita。【現vicaranta, vicaramāna。【獨】vicaritvā。【不】vicaritu

Vicāra(vi+car漫遊),【陽】vicāraa,【中】vicāraṇā,【陰】伺,調查,管理,計劃。《分別論》〈禪那分別品〉(Vbh.565.) Tattha katamo vicāro?  Yo  1cāro 2vicāro 3anuvicāro 4upavicāro 5cittassa anusandhanatā 6anupekkhanatā-- aya vuccati vicāro.  Iti (CS:p.267) iminā ca vitakkena iminā ca vicārena upeto hoti …pe… samannāgato.  Tena vuccati “savitakka savicāran”ti. (什麼叫做「()」?凡是1 (cāro偵查)2伺察(vicāro)3(anucāro緊跟著伺察)4(upacāro靠近伺察)5心的隨屬(cittassa anu-sandhanatā)6熟慮(anupekkhanatā),這稱。以此等已賦予尋、伺之意。成就。這即是說有尋、有伺。)六個同義詞中,最能表達「伺」的性質及作用的是「心的隨屬」,即專注在所緣上,「伺」緊接著「尋」之後。「伺」不包括在在第三禪以上的禪那。

Vicāraka,【陽】調查者,處理者,管理人員。

Vicāraa,【中】vicāraṇā,【陰】1.調查。2.管理。

Vicāreti (vi+car移動+e), 重新考慮,處理,計劃,管理。【過】vicāresi。【過vicārita。【現vicārenta。【獨】vicāretvā

Vicikicchati (vi+kit +cha, ki 重疊,前 ki 被改成 ci)(vici (vicinanto) =詢問+ kicch =受到困擾vi =毫無+ cikiccha =解決方案。論師提出兩個詞源學的說明:一、由於思緒紛雜困亂而致的困惑;二、缺少智慧解決問題。), 懷疑,猶豫,心煩意亂。在阿毘達摩中,「疑」只作對因果、三寶、正法的疑,不能解作對一般事務的疑惑、惑。否則須陀洹道就無法斷「疑」。【過】vicikicchi。【過vicikicchita

Vicikicchā,【陰】1懷疑佛法僧等。2.不確定。《法集論》Dhammasagaṇī, (PTS:1264)Tattha katama vicikicchānīvaraa? 1Satthari kakhati vicikicchati, 2dhamme kakhati vicikicchati, 3saghe kakhati vicikicchati, 4sikkhāya kakhati vicikicchati, 5pubbante kakhati vicikicchati, 6aparante kakhati vicikicchati, 7pubbantāparante kakhati vicikicchati, 8idappaccayatā paiccasamuppannesu dhammesu kakhati vicikicchati. Yā evarūpā 1kakhā 2kakhāyanā 3kakhāyitatta 4vimati 5vicikicchā 6dvehaka 7dvedhāpatho 8sasayo 9anekasaggāho 10āsappanā 11parisappanā 12apariyogāhanā 13thambhitatta cittassa manovilekho--ida vuccati vicikicchānīvaraa.(什麼是疑蓋1對大師懷疑、疑惑,2對法懷疑、疑惑,3對僧懷疑、疑惑,4對戒懷疑、疑惑,5對過去懷疑、疑惑,6對未來(後際)懷疑、疑惑,7對過去未來懷疑、疑惑,8對此緣法、緣起法懷疑、疑惑。像這樣1懷疑、2疑難、3疑慮、4困惑、5疑惑、6二分、7猶豫不決(在叉路)8躇、9蓄含種種緊握(疑問重重)10爬行(站不住腳)11完全爬行、12不清、13頑固心的困惑,這是所謂的疑蓋。) SA.46.51./III,167.︰「斷「疑」有六種方法:1.多聞正法(bahussutatā)2.深究正法(paripucchakatā遍問)3.於戒律上知取捨(vinaye pakataññutā)4.強化信仰(adhimokkhabahulatā)5.親近善友(kalyāṇamittatā)6.適當的談話(sappāyakathā)

Viciṇṇa, [vicāreti考慮] 的【過】,已重新考慮,已處理(thought out; in neg. not thought out; reading however doubtful, better to be taken as adhiciṇṇa, i. e. procedure, method). -- DA.I,91 reads āciṇṇa (cp. M.I,372).

Vicita, [vicināti考慮] 的【過】。

Vicitta,【形】1.雜色的,花式字體的,裝飾的。2.考慮。DhsA.CS:p.92vicittaṭṭhena vā cittā.(…考慮,為)

Vicinana,【中】差別,選擇。

Vicinati, Vicināti (vi+ci +nā), 1.考慮,區別,選擇,收集(to investigate, examine, discriminate, yoniso vicine dhammaṁ,從根源區別)。【過】vicini。【過vicita。【現vicinanta。【獨】vicinitvāgrd. vicetabbager. viceyya2.盼望,尋求(to look for, to seek, to linger, to choose)aor. vicini=gavesiger. viceyya=vicinitvā

Vicintiya (vicinteti‘考慮的【獨】) 關心了。

Vicinteti (vi+cit+e), 重新考慮,考慮。【過】vicintesi。【過vicintita。【現vicintenta。【獨】vicintetvā

Vicuṇṇa,【形】粉碎的,弄成粉的,打碎的。

Vicuṇṇeti (vi+cuṇṇ+e), 壓破,使碎裂成粉,打碎。【過】vicuṇṇesi。【過vicuṇṇita。【獨】vicuṇṇetvā

Vicchika,【陽】蠍子(scopion),台語: giat4仔。

Vicchiddaka,【形】充滿洞的,到處穿孔的。

Vicchindati (vi+chid切斷+-a), 切斷,打斷,避免。【過】vicchindi。【現vicchidanta, vicchidamāna。【獨】vicchinditvā

Vicchinna (Vicchindati的【過), 已切斷,已打斷。

Viccheda,【陽】中斷,切斷。aviccheda﹐不中斷。

Vijaana,【中】鬆開。

Vijaeti (vi+ja+e), 拆開,徹底查出,鬆開。【過】vijaesi。【過vijaita。【獨】vijaetvā

Vijana,【形】爲人所棄的,人迹罕至的。vijanavāta,【形】渺無人跡的。

Vijambhati (vi+jambh+a), 喚醒自己,顯示活躍,打呵欠。【過】vijambhi。【獨】vijambhitvā

Vijambhanā,【陰】喚醒,活躍(台語:活uah8 thiau3,鶺趒chio tio5)

Vijambhikā (vijmbhikā),【陰】打呵欠(台語:哈肺hah hi3),睡意。古譯作︰欠呿ㄑㄩ(呿:張口)、頻申。Bhikkhu Bodhi譯作“lazy stretching” (伸懶腰),見 The Connected Discourses of the Buddha, p.96.

Vijaya,【陽】勝利,凱旋。

Vijayati (vi+ji+a), 征服,擊敗。【過】vijayi

Vijahati (vi+hā+a, hā 重疊,前 hā 被改成 ja), 放棄,離開。【過】vijahi。【現vijahanta。【獨】vijahitvā, vihāya。【義】vijahitabba

Vijahana,【中】放棄,(把某事)擱置一邊。

Vijahita (Vijahana的【過), 已抛棄,已停止。

Vijāta, (vijāyati 的【過)

Vijātā,【陰】生過孩子的女人。

Vijātika,【形】不同的國家的,局外人,外國人。

Vijānana,【中】知識,識別。

Vijānāti (vi+ñā+na, ñā 被改成 jā), 了知,明白,感覺,認可。vijānāti(了別、了知)pajānāti()同義。(M.43./293.)【過】vijāni。【過viññāta。【現vijānanta。【義】vijānitabba。【獨】vijānitvā, vijāniya。【不】vijānitu

Vijāyati (vi+jan+ya), 産生,生産(生孩子)。【過】vijāyi。【獨】vijāyitvā

Vijāyana,【中】使産生,生産(生孩子)

Vijāyantī, vijāyamānā,【陰】正在生孩子的女人。

Vijāyinī,【陰】能受孕的,能繁殖的。

Vijita (vijināti 的【過), 已戰勝,已抑制。【中】王國。vijitasagāma,【形】勝利的,戰勝的人。

Vijināti, (vi+ji+nā), 征服,使服從。參考 Jināti

Vijitāvī,【陽】勝利。

Vijjati (vid+ya), 存在,被發現。【現vijjanta, vijjamāna

Vijjantarikā,【陰】閃電之間隔。

Vijjā (Vidyā),【陰】明(較高的知識),科學。vijjācaraa,【中】明行(特別的智慧和德行)vijjāṭṭhāna,【中】研究的主題,藝術和科學。vijjādhara,【形】懂得咒文的人,巫vijjāvimutti,【陰】明解脫(「明」指與第四()道相應、「解脫」指與第四()果相應(Vijjā vā  catutthamaggasampayuttā, vimutti phalasampayuttāti.))Vijjahina (vijja-hina) na sobhanti少了學問知識,便不莊嚴。SA.6.5./I,213.Tevijjāti pubbenivāsadibbacakkhu-āsavakkhayasakhātāhi tīhi vijjāhi samannāgatā.(三明:宿住,天眼,有為法漏盡,具足三明。)

Vijjācaraasampanna, 【過明行足(具足智慧與德行的人)MA.53./III,34.Vijjāsampanno itipīti tīhi vijjāhi vijjāsampanno itipi.  Caraasampanno itipīti pañcadasahi dhammehi caraasampanno itipi.(明具足(vijjāsampanno)三明(宿命明、他心明、漏盡明)為明具足行具足(caraasampanno)十五法為行具足。)十五法:戒律儀、防護根門、飲食知量、勤修覺寤瑜珈,信、慚、愧、多聞、精進、念、慧、色界四種禪。(Vism.202.)

Vijju, vijjuta, vijjullatā,【陰】閃電。

Vijjotati (vi+jut+a), 照耀。【過】vijjoti。【過vijjotita。【現vijjotamana

Vijjhati (vidh(vyadh)+ya), 射擊,刺穿,穿透。【過】vijjhi。【過viddha。【現vijjhanta, vijjhamāna,。【獨】vijjhitvā, vijjhiya

Vijjhana (< vijjhati),【中】刺穿,射擊(piercing or getting pierced)

Vijjhāpeti (vi+jhe+āpe), 滅火(to extinguish)。【過vijjhāpita

Vijjhāyati (vi+jhāyati2) , 被熄滅(to be extinguished, to go out (of fire)。【過】vijjhāyiimper. vijjhāyatu & fut. vijjhāyissati

Vijñapti,【梵】了,了別,假名,施設,現,識,顯現,顯示。

Vijñapti-mātra, 【梵】唯識。Vijñapti-mātratā, 【梵】唯識,唯識論。

Viññatta = viññāpita, 告知,教,乞討。

Viññatti(< viññāpeti),【陰】暗示,通知,乞討(intimation, giving to understand, information; begging or asking by intimation or hinting)viññattirūpa表色。viññatti()是指表明思想、感受、態度等。有身表(kāyaviññatti)及語表(vacīviññatti)

Viññāṇa(<vi+ ñā(jñā), cp. Vedic vijñāna cognition),【中】【陽】精神,識(意識)viññāṇaka,【形】有意識的生命。viññāṇakkhandha,【陽】識蘊(精神的組合)viññāṇaṭṭhiti,【陰】有意識的生物的階段或時期。viññāṇadhātu,【陰】識界(識元素)apeta-viññāṇo,【陽】已離開意識識。 MA.9./I,209.Viññāṇanti yakiñci citta.((意識)︰任何的) SA.12.11./II,24.Viññāṇanti citta. ((意識))

Viññāta (vijānāti 的【過), 已瞭解,已感覺,已知道(apperceived, (re)cognized, understood, cogitated)

Viññātabba (vijānāti 的【義】), 應該被瞭解。

Viññāti, 乞討,告知【獨】viññatvā【使viññāpeti

Viññātu(Viññātar),【陽】察覺者,知道的人(a perceiver)

Viññāpaka(< viññāpeti),【形】【陽】很會指導(clever in instruction, able to instruct)

Viññāpana(<viññāpeti),【中】告知,介紹( instructing, informing )viññāpanī,【陰】。

Viññāpaya(grd. of viññāpeti),【形】易受指令影響的(accessible to instruction)

Viññāpeti (vi+ñā+āpe), 告知,教,暗示,乞討(to address, inform, instruct; to appeal to, to beg)。【過】viññāpesi。【過viññāpita。【獨】viññāpetvā。【現viññāpenta

Viññāpetu(Viññāpetar),【陽】教師,暗示的人(an instructor, teacher D.I,56; A.IV,196.)

Viññāya (vijānāti 的【獨】), 知道了,學習了。

Viññāyati (vijānāti 的【被】), 被知道。【過】viññāyi

Viññū(cp. Sk. vijña),【形】明智的(intelligent, learned, wise),【陽】智者(wiser)viññutā,【陰】判斷力,青春期。viññuppasattha,【形】智者所讚美的。SA.8.5./I,272.Viññūnanti paṇḍitāna.(智者智者。) AA.3.53./II,256.Viññūhīti paṇḍitehi.(智者智者。)

Viññeyya(grd. of vijānāti),【形】被識知的(to be recognized or apperceived)

Viaka,【陽】【中】鴿房,鴿舍,鳥類飼養場。

Viapa,【陽】樹枝,樹杈,從樹枝垂下的根(the fork of a tree, a branch)

Viapī(Viṭapin),【陽】樹,有樹枝。

Vitakka(<vi+takk),【陽】沉思,思考(reflection, thought, thinking; “initial application”)vitakkana,【中】沉思。《分別論》〈禪那分別品〉(Vbh.565.)Tattha katamo vitakko?  Yo 1takko 2vitakko 3sakappo 4appanā 5byappanā 6cetaso abhiniropanā 7sammāsakappo-- aya vuccati “vitakko”.什麼叫做()(vitakkovi(含強化之義)+takkatakk思索﹐尋、思索)凡是1(takka)2尋思 (vitakka尋思﹑思維﹑思量)3思惟(sakappa)4安止(appanā把心固定在一個對象)5極安止(byappanā=vyappanāvi+appanā)6的安置(cetaso abhiniropanā)7正思惟(sammāsakappo),這稱為尋。七個同義詞中,最能表達「尋」的性質及作用的是「心的安置」(cetaso abhiniropanā),即把心安置在所緣上。A.I,171.api ca kho avitakka avicāra samādhi samāpannassa cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti–‘yathā imassa bhoto manosakhārā paihitā imassa cittassa anantarā amu nāma vitakka vitakkessatī’ti.(但入無伺無尋之定,而以心覺察(他人之)心而知:此尊者如此志向,此心無間斷地如此伺察。) “Tayo akusalavitakkā--kāmavitakko, byāpādavitakko, vihisāvitakko.(三不善尋:欲尋、恚尋、害尋)“Tayo kusalavitakkā--nekkhammavitakko, abyāpādavitakko, avihisāvitakko.(三善尋:出離尋、無恚尋、無害尋) (D.33./III,215.)

Vitakketi (vi+takk+e), 細想,考慮(to reflect, reason, consider)。【過】vitakkesi。【過vitakkita。【現vitakkenta。【獨】vitakketvā

Vitacchikā(cp. *Sk. vicarcikā),【陰】疥瘡(scabies Nd2 3041 )。疥瘡由疥蟲引起的,它的只有0.4mm,針頭大小,肉眼可以見到的極限。身體發癢的初期不易診斷出來。

Vitaccheti(vi+tacch+e), 1.的皮(tear, pluck, pick to pieces)2.使平坦(to smoothe)。【過】vitacchesi。【過vitacchitasuvitacchita, 好好地使平坦

Vitaṇḍā(cp. Epic Sk. vitaṇḍā),【陰】詭辯(tricky disputation, frivolous or captious discussion)

Vitaṇḍavāda,【陽】詭辯(sophistry)vitaṇḍavādī(vitaṇḍavādin),【陽】詭辯學者(sophist, arguer DhsA 3 (so read for vidaḍḍha))

Vitata (vitanoti 的【過) 已伸展,已擴充,已散播(stretched, extended, diffused)

Vitatha,【形】錯誤的,不正確的(untrue)。【中】不真實(untruth)

Vitanoti (vi+tan+o), 伸展,展開(stretch out, spread out)。【過】vitanipoet. ger. vitanitvāna. -- Pass. vitaniyyati ibid. -- pp. vitata. Cp. vitāna.

Vitaraa,【中】分配,克服,通過(overcoming, getting through)

Vitarati (vi+tar+a), 1.被通過,克服(to go through, come through, overcome)2.實踐(to perform)。【過】vitari。【過vitarita, vitiṇṇa

Vitāna,【中】天篷。

Vitiṇṇa, Vitarati

Vitudati (vi+tud+a), 用肘輕推,刺。【過】vitudi。【獨】vituditvā

Vitudana,【中】刺。

Vitunna, (vitudati 的【過) 已用肘輕推,已刺。

Vitta1(orig. pp. of vindati),【中】財富,財産(property, wealth, possessions, luxuries)pahūtavittūpakarao,【陽】榮華富貴,具備豐富的財富。

Vitta2(identical with vitta1),【中】喜悅,快樂(gladdened, joyful, happy)

Vitta3(pp. of vic to sift, cp. Sk. vikta),分離的,疏離的(separated, secluded, aloof, solitary, separate, alone)cf. Vivitta(vi+vitta3)

Vitta3,【中】(音譯:缽陀)

Vitti(cp. Sk. vitti, fr. vid),【陰】喜悅,快樂,享受,幸福(prosperity, happiness, joy, felicity)

Vittha,【中】酒碗(a bowl)surāvittha, 酒碗(for drinking spirits)

Vitthata1(vittharati (<vi+stṛ)的【過), 1.已延長,已張大,已展開(extended, spread out)2.(wide)vipulavitthatapaññā【陰】廣大慧。

Vitthata2, 矛盾,猶豫(perplexed, confused, hesitating)

Vitthambhana(< vi+thambhati),【中】強化,牢固,支援,撐持,剛(making firm, strengthening, supporting)

Vitthambheti (vi+thambh+e), 擴張,張開,使膨脹(to make firm, strengthen)。【過】vitthamesi。【過vitthambhita。【獨】vitthambhetvā

Vitthāyati(vi+styā: see under thīna) 尷尬或混亂(to be embarrassed or confused (lit. to become quite stiff))pp. vitthata2 & vitthāyita.

Vitthāyitatta (abstr. fr. vitthāyita, pp. of vitthāyati) ,【中】困惑,猶豫(perplexity, hesitation)

Vitthāra(< vi+stṛ),【陽】1.擴張,寬度(expansion, breadth. Instr. vitthārena; Abl. vitthārato)2.延長,詳情,廣說(extension, detail. opp. saṅkhepa略說)vitthārakathā,【陰】注釋(SnA 163; SnA 464; PvA.19)vitthārato,【副】詳細地。vitthārika,【形】普遍的。

Vitthāratā (< vitthāra),【陰】explicitness, detail Nett 2. As vitthāraṇā at Nett 9.

Vitthāreti (vi+thar+e), 1.展開(to spread out)2.擴張(to expand, detail give in full)。【過】vitthāresi。【過vitthārita。【現vitthārenta。【獨】vitthāretvā。【被】vitthārīyati

Vitthinna, 已延長,已張大,已展開(“spread out,” wide, large, extensive, roomy)參考 Vitthata

vid(vid)﹐【字根I.】知(to know),關心(to regard)

vid(vid)﹐【字根II.】感覺(to feel),獲得(to obtain)

 

vid(vid)﹐【字根VII.】知道(to know)→Vedetivedayati (vid +esk. vedayati), 【使】感受(直譯:使)

Vidatthi(cp. Vedic vitasti),【陰】()張手(a span),長度量詞

(a span (of 12 agulas or finger-breadths)Vin.III,149.dīghaso dvādasa vidatthiyo sugata-vidatthiyā)表示張開的大拇指和中指兩端的距離,大概九英吋(27cm)Sp.Pārā.III,567.Sugatavidatthiyāti Sugatavidatthi nāma idāni majjhimassa purisassa tisso vidatthiyo vaḍḍhakīhatthena diyaḍḍho hattho hoti.(善逝掌張距︰善逝掌張距(Sugata-vidatthi)等於中等身材的人之張手的三倍,木匠的()手一又二分之一。)《善見律毗婆沙》(T24.764.3):「佛一指距是常人三指距」(此中「指距」是指「張手」。)

Vidahati (vi+dhā(dhā, dadh)+a), 安排,處理,指定,供應(to arrange, appoint, assign; to provide; to practise)。【過】vidahi。【過vihita, vidahita。【獨】vidhāya, vidahitvā。【不】vidhātuṁ。【義】vidheyya。【潛】vidahe(Sn 927.(=vidaheyya Nd1 382.)vidadhāti J VI.537; vidheti J V.107; perf. 3rd pl. vidadhu [Sk. vidadhuḥ] J VI.284.

Vidāraa(< vidāreti),【中】撕碎,裂開(splitting, rending)

Vidāreti (vi+dar+e), 劈開,撕碎(to split, rend)。【過】vidāresi。【過vidārita。【現vidārenta。【獨】vidāretvā

Vidālana(<vidāleti),【中】裂開,爆裂(breaking open, bursting, splitting)

Vidālita, (Vidāleti的【過), 已扯破,已劈開(split, broken, burst)

Vidāleti, 劈開,撕碎。參考Vidāreti

Vidita (詞根 vid 的【過), 已知道,已發現。viditatta,【中】已知的事實。

Vidisā(vi+disā),【陰】四維、四隅(東北、東南、西北、西南;東南兩大方向的中間方向是東南〔巴利文寫法的直譯:東的中間方向;即指東南〕,南西兩大方向的中間方向是西南〔巴利文寫法的直譯:南的中間方向;即指西南〕。《清淨道論》葉均譯爲:隅;東隅東南,南隅西南)

Vidugga,【中】困難的通道,難接近的城堡。nadīvidugga,【中】深淵。

Vidū,【形】明智的,對熟練的。【陽】智者。

Vidūra,【形】遙遠的,遠的。

Vidūsita (vidūseti 的【過), 已腐爛,已墮落。

Vidūseti (vi+dus污染+e), 1.破壞,污染。2.誹謗。3.虐待。參考 dūseti

Videsa,【陽】外國。videsasati, videsasī,【形】外國的,外國人。

Viddasu(another form of vidvā=Sk. vidvān),【陽】【形】智者;有智的(skilled, wiseM I.65.Gen. sg. & Nom. pl. viddasuno)。【反】aviddasupl. aviddasū (=bāla C.=aviññū)

Viddesa,【陽】敵意。

Viddha (vijjhati 的【過), 已刺穿,已射擊,已打。

Viddhasaka,【形】破壞者,帶來破壞的。viddhasana,【中】破壞,毀滅。

Viddhaseti (vi+dhas落下﹑毀滅+e), 毀,破壞。【過】viddhasesi。【過viddhasita, viddhasta。【獨】viddhasetvā。【現viddhasenta

vidh﹐【字根I.III.VII.】穿孔(to perforate),穿透、貫穿(to penetrate),刺穿(to pierce)cp.(vidh)崇拜(worship)

Vidha1 (vidha-) (=vidhā)【形】(在【合】中) 屬於類型的,由組成的, anekavidha, 多種。nānāvidha,各種。bahuvidha, 多種(manifold)

Vidha2 (=vidha1),【名】形式(form), 種類(kind)

Vidhā3﹐【陰】慢(=māna)Tisso vidhā--seyyohamasmīti vidhā, sadisohamasmīti vidhā, hīnohamasmīti vidhā(三慢:「我勝」慢、「我等」慢、「我劣」慢。)(D.33./III,216.) SA.18.22.Vidhā samatikkantanti mānakoṭṭhāse suṭṭhu atikkanta.(超越慢:善超越的部份。)

Vidhamaka,【形】破壞者,破壞的。

Vidhamati (vi+dham+a), 破壞,毀滅,散佈。【過】vidhami。【過viddhamita。【獨】viddhamitvā

Vidhamana,【中】破壞,毀。

Vidhameti (vi+dham+e), = vidhamati

Vidhavā,【陰】寡婦。

Vidhā,【陰】自負,自傲,慢

Vidhātu,【陽】造物主。

Vidhāna,【中】安排,命令,表現,過程

Vidhāyaka,【形】安排者,處理者,執行者。

Vidhāvati (vi+dhāv+a), 亂跑,漫遊(to run about, roam, cover space)。【過】vidhāvi。【獨】vidhāvitvā

Vidhāvana,【中】亂跑。

Vidhi(fr. vi+dhā, cp. Ved. Vidhi),【陰】形式,方法,路線,運氣,命運,。vidhinā,【副】在適當的方法中(form, way; rule, direction, disposition, method, motto Vism.278 (manasikāravidhi, eightfold); PvA.78 (dānavidhi=dāna))Instr. vidhinā, 以此方法(in due form)2.幸運(luck, destiny J.II,243 (vidhirahita, unlucky))

Vidhunāti (vi+dhu+nā), 1.抖落,擺脫(to shake)2.除去,剝去(to remove, to skin (an animal))。【過】vidhuni。【過vidhūta, vidhunita。【獨】vidhunitvā

Vidhura﹐【形】1.孤獨,憂慮(destitute, lonely; miserable, wretched)2. (vi+dhura)無比的(“burdenless,” unequalled Sn.996 (=vigatadhura, appaṭima SnA.583.)。【陽】有巧之奮鬥。Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalāna dhammāna pahānāya, kusalāna dhammāna upasampadāya, thāmavā dahaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu.Eva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vidhuro hoti.(諸比丘!有比丘,發起精進而住,斷不善法,成滿善法,具有力,堅固勇猛求善法而不休息。諸比丘!如是比丘為有巧之奮鬥。)

Vidhurasañjīva﹐【陽】出現於世。

Vidhūta, (Vidhunāti的【過) 抖落,擺脫,除去。

Vidhūpana(fr. vidhūpeti), 【形】【中】扇子(=f. bījanī) (fanning, a fan),鋪開,調味料,忿恨。

Vidhūpeti (vi+dhūp+e), 離燻,加味於,扇,使發香,散佈。【過】vidhūpesi。【過vidhūpita。【現vidhūpenta。【獨】vidhūpetvāS.22.79./III,89.(cf. SA.22.79./II,296.)“Aya vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako apacināti, no ācināti; pajahati, na upādiyati; visineti, na ussineti; vidhūpeti, na sandhūpeti.”(諸比丘!聖弟子以此稱為(1)減而不增(apacināti(apa+ci收集), no ācināti)(2)棄而不取(pajahati(=vissajjeti散發) na upādiyati)(3)散而不聚(visineti, na ussinetiVisineti na ussinetīti vikirati na sampiṇḍeti.(散而不聚︰分散,不聯合。))(4)離燻而不燻(vidhūpeti, na sandhūpetiVidhūpeti na sandhūpetīti nibbāpeti na jālāpeti.(離燻全不燻︰熄滅,不點燃。))

Vidhūma,【形】無煙的,沒熱情的。

Vidheyya,【形】服從的。

Vinaṭṭha (vinassati 的【過), 已破壞,已毀滅,已失去。

Vinata (vinamati 的【過), 已彎曲。

Vinatā,【陰】金翅鳥 (Garua) 族的母親。

Vinaddha, (Vinandhati的【過) 環繞,纏繞,糾纏

Vinandhati (vi+nandh+a), 環繞,纏繞,糾纏。【過】vinandhi。【獨】vinadhitvā

Vinandhana,【中】纏繞,包裹。

Vinaya (vi+nī引導, cp.[vineti引導離開]),【陽】1.引導離開(直譯)2.(出家)律條(音譯為毘奈耶、毘那耶、鼻奈耶、毘尼、比尼。含有調伏、善治等義,乃制伏滅除諸罪惡之意。律乃佛陀為比丘、比丘尼所制定有關生活的規約)vinayana,【中】引離,馴服,指令。vinayadhara,【形】律師(戒律專家)vinayapiaka,【中】《律藏》。vinayavādī,【陽】律說者。KhA.96.(cf.T24.715.3)vinayo nāma buddhasāsanassa āyu, vinaye hite sāsana hita hoti.(者,佛教之壽;住,佛教亦住。)《根本說一切有部毘奈耶》卷第九(T23.672.3)︰「問曰︰在家俗侶頗得聞不?報言︰得聞二藏謂論及經。毘奈耶教是出家軌式,俗不合聞。」巴利律並沒有說在家俗侶不適合閱讀律藏。

Vinaḷīkata,【過】已破壞,已致使無價值。

Vinassati(vi+nas(naś)+ya), 被遺失,毀滅,被破壞。【過】vinassi。【過vinaṭṭha。【現vinasanta, vinasamāna。【獨】vinasitvā

Vinassana,【中】嚴重老化變質。

Vinā,【無】沒有。

Vinābhāva,【陽】分離(?=bhāva vinā)avinābhāva,【陽】不分離。

Vināti (vi(by-form of to weave: see vāyati 2.)+nā), 編織。【過】vini。【過vītaVināma,【陽】。

Vināmana,【中】彎曲身體或手足。

Vināmeti (vi+nam+e), 彎曲。【過】vināmesi。【過vināmita。【獨】vināmetvā

Vināyaka(<vi+引離) ,【陽】1.(偉大的)領袖(佛陀)2.法官。

Vināsa(vi+nāsa, of nas(naś) 消失),【陽】失,破壞,毀滅。

Vināsā,【陰】失,破壞,毀滅。

Vināsaka,【形】破壞的,引起毀滅的。只用於︰avināsaka,破壞

Vināsana,【中】破壞avināsana, 破壞

Vināseti (vi+ nas(naś)+e), 使毀滅,破壞。【過】vināsesi。【過vināsita。【現vināsenta。【獨】vināsetvāavināsita﹐不破壞。

Viniggata (viniggacchati 的【過), 已出來。

Vinicchaya,【陽】決定,判決,審判,辨別。vinicchayāmacca, 【陽】法官。vinicchayakathā,【陰】分析的討論。vinicchayaṭṭhāna,【中】法庭、裁判所。vinicchayasālā,【陰】審判的廳堂。vinicchaya paicca chanda-rāgoti(由於分別而有欲染)

Vinicchita, (viniccheti 的【過), 已確定,已判斷,已辨別。

Vinicchinana,【中】審判,決定。

Vinicchināti (vi+ni+chi+nā), 調查,審問,決定。【過】vinicchini。【過vinicchita。【獨】vinicchinitvā

Viniccheti (vi+ni+chi +e), 調查,判斷。【過】vinicchesi。【過vinicchita。【獨】vinicchetvā。【現vinicchenta

Vinidhāya, (vinidahati 的【獨】), 放錯了,錯誤地斷言了。

Vinipāta(vi+nipāteti),【陽】受苦的地方,落難處,險難處( ruin, destruction; a place of suffering, state of punishment, syn. with apāya & duggati)vinipātika,【形】落難(地獄受苦)的。S.56.47./V,456.na tvevāha, bhikkhave, saki vinipātagatena bālena manussatta vadāmi”. Ta kissa hetu? Na hettha, bhikkhave, atthi dhammacariyā, samacariyā, kusalakiriyā, puññakiriyā. Aññamaññakhādikā ettha, bhikkhave, vattati dubbalakhādikā.(諸比丘!我說愚者一度至墮處(vinipātagatena),不能速得人身(manussatta)。這是什麼原因?諸比丘!於該處,了無法行、平等行、作善、作福(dhammacariyā, samacariyā, kusalakiriyā, puññakiriyā),諸比丘!他們互相食噉,弱肉強食(dubbalakhādikā))

Vinipāteti (vi+ni+pat落下+e) 帶來毀滅,浪費。

Vinibaddha (vinibandhati 的【過), 已綁在,已與連接。

Vinibandha,【陽】束縛,執著。

Vinibbhujati, Vinibhuñjati (vi+ni+bhuj使彎曲+a), 分開,區別。【過】vinibbhuji。【獨】vinibbjitvā

Vinibbhujati (or °) [vi+ni+bhujati] 1.使彎曲,翻轉(to bhuj, to bend, to turn inside out)2.分開,切開(to bhuj or bhuñjto separate, cut off, remove)3.清潔,分開(to cleanse; fig. to sift out thoroughly, to distinguish, discriminate(avinibbhujaṁ, ppr.))Vism 438.spelling Vinibbhujjati)pp.vinibbhutta

Vinibbhoga1 (vi+nibbhoga),【形】缺乏,剝奪(lacking, deprived of )

Vinibbhoga2(<vinibbhujati 3) ,【陽】分離,辨別。(sifting out, distinction, discriminationi.e.:dhātuvinibbhoga界辨別) )。【反】avinibbhoga(J. III.428avinibbhogasadda未辨別的信仰)

Vinibhindati [vi+ni+bhid打破] to break (right) through M I.233.

Vinimaya(<vi+nimināti),【陽】相互性,交換(reciprocity, barter, exchange)

Vinimoceti (vi+ni(nis) +muc釋放+e), 釋放自己,免除(to free (oneself) from, to get rid)。【過】vinimocesi。【過vinimocita。【獨】vinimocetvā

Vinimutta, Vinimmutta(vinimuccati 的【過), 1.已釋放,已解脫(released, free from)2.(箭矢)(discharged (of an arrow))

Viniyoga (vi+niyoga) 擁有,應用,使用(possession, application, use)

Vinivaṭṭeti (vi+ni+vat+e), 打翻,反側,滑倒。【過】vinivaṭṭesi。【過vinivaṭṭita。【獨】vinivaṭṭetvā

Vinivijjha, (Vinivijjhati的【獨】) 刺穿

Vinivijjhati (vi+ni+vidh(vyadh / vidh)貫穿+ya), 刺穿。【過】vinivijjhi。【過vinividdha。【獨】vinijjhitvā

Vinivijjhana,【中】刺穿。

Vinividdha (Vinivijjhana‘刺穿的【過), 鬆開,擺脫。

Viniveheti (vi+ni+veh+e), 鬆開,打開,擺脫。【過】vinivehesi。【過vinivehita。【獨】vinivehetvā

Vinivehana,【中】鬆開。

Vinīta (vineti 的【過), 已訓練,已受過教育。ukkācitavinīta,啟蒙訓練。Paipucchāvinīta,質問訓練。Yāvatāvinīta,完整訓練。(AA.3.132.)

Vinīvaraa,【形】無(心理)障礙的。

Vineti, I.(vi+neti引導) 引導離開(他譯:調伏)。【3.祈】vineyya。【命】vinaya。【獨】vineyya, vinetvā, vinayitvā, vinayitvānaII.(vi擴大+neti引導) 訓練。【過】vinesi。【過vinīta。【現vinenta。【義】vinetabba。【獨】vinetvā

Vinetu,【陽】訓練者,教師,去除者。

Vineyajana,【陽】要被佛陀訓練的人。

Vineyya (vineti 的【獨】), 引導離開了。【形】適合被訓練的。

Vinoda,【陽】喜悅,快樂。

Vinodana,【中】移掉,驅散。

Vinodeti (vi+nud+e), 驅散,除去,逐出。【過】vinodesi。【過vinodita。【獨】vinodetvā(opp. avinodetvā)

Vinodetu,【陽】驅散者。

Vindaka,【陽】享受的人,遭受者。

Vindati (vid+-a), 享受遭受知道得到。【過】vindi。【過vindita。【現vindanta, vindamāna。【獨】vinditvā。【義】vinditabba

Vindiya,【形】應該被遭遇的。

Vindiyamāna,【現】正在忍受,正在遭受。

Vipakkha,【形】懷敵意的。vipakkhika, vipakkhasevaka,【形】支援敵人的。

Vipaccati (vi+pac+ya), 使成熟,有結果實。【過】vipacci。【過vipakka。【現vipaccamāna

Vipaccanaka (<vipaccati, cp. paccana),【形】(bearing fruit, ripening (fully))

Vipaccanīka (vi+paccanīka),【形】敵意的(hostile)

Vipajjati (vi+pad+ya), 失敗,出毛病,毀滅。【過】vipajji。【過vipannaVibhaga-aṭṭhakathā分別論注釋(CS:p.421)Gativipattīti vipannā gati cattāro apāyā,(失敗的趣︰失敗的趣,指四惡趣。)

Vipajjana,【中】失敗,嚴厲的要命。

Vipatti,【陰】失敗,不幸,苦惱,出毛病。vipattisampadā﹐缺損。DA.2./I,235.Kā vipattīti yā tasseva sīlassa ca ājīvassa ca vipatti, ayamassa vipatti.  Api ca yāya esa caṇḍālo ceva hoti, malañca patikuṭṭho ca, sāpissa vipattīti veditabbā.  Te ca atthato assaddhiyādayo pañca dhammā honti.  Yathāha-- “pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato upāsako upāsakacaṇḍālo ca hoti, upāsakamalañca, upāsakapatikuṭṭho ca.  Katamehi pañcahi?  (1)Assaddho hoti, (2)dussīlo hoti, (3)kotūhalamagaliko hoti, (4)magala pacceti, no kamma, (5)ito ca bahiddhā dakkhieyya pariyesati, tattha ca pubbakāra karotī”ti (A.5.175./III,206.).(什麼是他的失壞他的戒失壞和活命失壞(買賣︰(1)武器、(2)有情、(3)肉、(4)酒類、(5)毒品)是他的失壞。再者,當知使他成為賤民(旃陀羅Caṇḍala)、垢穢及卑劣的也是他的失壞。從義上,即他們沒有信等五法。如說:『諸比丘!具足五法的在家信徒成為賤民的在家信徒、垢穢的在家信徒和卑劣的在家信徒。是哪五種?(1)沒有信;(2)惡戒;(3)迷信徴兆;(4)相信祥瑞,而不是業;(5)以及從此(佛教)之外尋求應施者,並先為該處服務。』)

Vipatha,【陽】邪道,錯誤的路徑。

Vipanna, (vipajjati 的【過) 已破毀。ācāravipanna,【形】破威儀的(犯捨墮、墮、悔過罪、惡作、惡說)vipannadiṭṭhī, diṭṭhi-vipanna【形】破見的(破正見)vipannasīla,【形】破戒的(破波羅夷戒pārājika、僧殘saghādisesa)

Viparakkamma (indecl.) [ger. of vi+parakkamati] 努力以赴(endeavouring strongly, with all one’s might)SnA.II,386Viparakkammāti atīva parakkamitvā,(努力以赴:極度的努力)

Viparāmosa (Viparāmāsa) (vi+parāmāsa), 攔劫(highway robbery) (expld as twofold at DA I.80, viz. hima° & gumba°, or hidden by the snow & a thicket; the pop. etym. given here is “janaṁ musanti,” i. e. they steal, or beguile people); (v. l. °māsa);.

Viparāvatta (pp. of vi+parā+vat(vṛt)), 改變(reversed, changed)

Vipariata (vi-pariata<nam), 已變易,已背叛(changed, perverted)

Vipariṇāma(vi+pariṇāma),【陽】變易、改變(change (for the worse), reverse, vicissitude (vipariṇāmadukkhatā)avipariṇāma,沒變( absence of change)vipariṇāmadhamma﹐變易法(subject to change)。變易苦(vipariṇāmadukkha)

Vipariṇāmeti (vi+pari+nam+e), 變革,改變。【過】vipariṇāmesi。【過vipariṇāmita

Vipariyāya, vipariyesa,【陽】乖張,錯誤的情形,顛倒。

Viparivattati (vi+pari+vat+a), 旋轉,推翻。【過】viparivatti。【過viparivattita

Viparivattana,【中】變化,相反。

Viparīta,【形】顛倒的,改變的,錯誤的。viparītā,【陰】對比的不同,對照之區別。opp. aviparīta

Vipallattha,【形】瘋狂的,不正當的,心煩意亂的。

Vipallāsa,【陽】擾亂,腐敗,顛倒。vipallāsanimitta﹐顛倒相,由於顛倒想而呈現的欺人之相。

Vipassaka,【形】有內省的天分的。

Vipassati (vi+dis指出(paś) +a), 以慧觀,有直覺。【過】vipassi。【獨】vipassitvā

Vipassanā (< vi+passati; vipaśyanā),【陰】洞察力,內觀,毘婆舍那毘缽舍那。毘缽舍那(inward vision, insight, intuition, introspection)。毘婆舍那(觀禪)--連續不斷地觀察五蘊、六處、六界等的無常(生滅)、苦、無我的現象,或隨觀集法及滅法(samudayavayadhammānupassī﹐即因緣生滅法),它將漸次地引導由粗略到細膩的觀察,所謂的「細膩」是觀察到「究竟色法」(極微物質中的地、水、火、風等)、「究竟名法」(心法、心所法)究竟’(paramattha)即分解至最終的狀態。為了觀察、辨別究竟色法、究竟名法的「自相」(sabhāva-lakkhaa自性相,各自的特質),以及十二支「緣起」的因緣流轉(一因緣之生是另一因緣生的條件)與還滅(一因緣之滅是另一因緣滅的條件);也觀察、辨別它們的「共相」(sāmañña-lakkhaa,指無常、苦、無我)。透過修習毘婆舍那而不被愛染、邪見牽引,最後體證究竟色法、名法滅盡而躍入「涅槃」。

samathavipassanā, 止與觀。vipassanāsamādhi, 觀三摩地、觀三昧。vipassanāga, 觀的成份。vipassanupekkhā, 觀捨(indifference by introspection Vism.162.)vipassanākammaṭṭhāna, 觀業處(exercise for intuition DhA.IV,46.)

Vipassanāñāṇa,【中】觀智、內觀智(達到洞察的能力ability or method of attaining insight)

Vipassanādhura,【中】觀的義務(obligation of introspection)Suddhavipassanāyāniko純觀乘者、純觀行者:未混雜修行奢摩他的觀乘行者之意) (Vism. mahāṭīkā CS:p.2.351)

Vipassanupakkilesa (vipassañ-ūpakkhilesa), 觀隨染(corruption of insight) (Vism.pp.633-638)

Vipassin (< vipassati),【陽】【形】有內觀的天(gifted with insight, wise. A.IV,244; Sn.349; It.2=7)

Vipassi (Vipaśyi)毘婆尸佛又作毘尸佛、鞞婆尸佛、維衛佛;意為勝觀佛、淨觀佛、勝見佛,為過去七佛之第一佛。即過去莊嚴劫中出現之佛。《大史》謂此佛乃以燃燈佛為首的二十四佛中之第十九佛。根據《長部14經》(大本經)所載,此佛出世於過去九十一劫前,其時人壽八萬歲,為剎帝利種,此佛於波波羅樹(pāṭali)下成道。

Vipāka(<vi+ pac(pac)熟﹑煮),【陽】果報,結果,報應。古譯:毘播迦(此云異熟識。者異也,播迦熟義。T.43.298.1)vipākacitta, 果報心。AA.4.77./III,109.Kammavipākoti diṭṭhadhammavedanīyādīna kammāna vipāko.(業的果報現世(後生)業等的果報。)

Vipiṭṭhikatvā,【獨】背棄了,抛棄了,(把某事)擱置了一邊。

Vipina,【中】森林。

Vipula,【形】廣泛的,很棒的,大的。vipulatā,【陰】vipulatta,【中】充裕,過度,廣闊。

Vippa,【陽】婆羅門。vippakula。【中】婆羅門階級。

Vippakata,【形】未完成的。

Vippakāra,【陽】變化,變更。

Vippakiṇṇa, (Vippakirati的【過) 搞混,破壞

Vippakirati (vi+pa+kir+a), 到處撒,把搞混,破壞。【過】vippakiri。【獨】vippakiritvāValañjeti (valaj +e), SA.42.9./III,107.Vikiratīti ayogena vaañjento vippakirati.(路遺︰不小心路上丟掉。)

Vippajahati (vi+pa+ha+a), 放棄。【過】vippajahi

Vippaipajjati (vi+pai+pad+ya), 犯錯,失敗,幹壞事。【過】vippaipajji

Vippaipatti,【陰】犯錯,犯戒。

Vippaipanna (vippaipajjati 的【過), 已犯錯,已出毛病。

Vippaisāra(vi+paṭisāra),【陽】懊悔,後悔(bad conscience, remorse, regret, repentance)vippaisārī,【形】懊悔的,後悔的。

Vippamutta(vi+pamutta),【過】已釋放,已解脫,已解救(released, set free, saved)S.1.9./I,4.sucetaso sabbadhi vippamutto((阿羅漢)善心者在一切處已徹底解脫)

Vippayutta(vi+payutta),【過】已分開(separated)Dhs.(PTS:#1192.CS:1198)Katame dhammā cittavippayuttā? Sabbañca rūpa, asakhatā ca dhātu-- ime dhammā cittavippayuttā. Citta na vattabba-- cittena sampayuttantipi, cittena vippayuttantipi.(什麼是「心不相應法」?一切色與無為界,這些法為「心不相應」。(這些法)不適合說為「心」--(不適合說)「與心相應」,也(不適合說)「與心不相應」。)(PTS:#1515.CS:1532.)Katame dhammā cittavippayuttā?  Rūpañca, nibbānañca-- ime dhammā cittavippayuttā.  Citta na vattabba-- cittena sampayuttantipi, cittena vippayuttantipi.(什麼是「心不相應法」?色與涅槃,這些法為「心不相應」。)

Vippayoga,【陽】分離(separation)

Vippalapati(vi+pa+lap嘮叨+a), 悲歎,哀悼(to talk confusedly (as in one’s sleep), to chatter, wail, lament)。【過】vippalapi

Vippalāpa,【陽】混亂的談話,悲歎(confused talk, wailing)

Vippalujjati (vi+pa+luj +a), 破碎,被破壞(to be broken up, to be destroyed)

Vippavasati (vi+pa+vas+a), 缺席,離家。【過】vippavasi

Vippavāsa,【陽】缺席,住在國外。

Vippavuttha (vippavasati 的【過), 已缺席,已離家。

Vippasanna (Vippasīdati的【過), 已非常清楚,已純粹,已明淨,已明亮。AA.11.16./V,83.Mukhavaṇṇo vippasīdatīti bandhanā pavuttatālapakka viya cassa vippasannavaṇṇa mukha hoti.(容顏有光(臉色非常明淨)︰如(熟了)脫落的多羅果(tālapakka椰子),如明亮的容貌。)

Vippasīdati (vi+pa+sad+a), 變成清楚,變得明亮,歡喜。【過】vippasīdi

Vippahīna,【形】抛棄的,移走的。

Vipphandati (vi+phand +a), 努力,翻騰。【過】vipphandi。【過vipphandita。【獨】vipphanditvā

Vipphandana,【中】扭動,翻滾,掙扎。

Vipphāra(vi+phar瀰漫),【陽】徧滿,散佈。vipphārika,【形】散開的。vipphārita,【過】已擴大,已散開。

Vipphuraa,【中】擴散。

Vipphurati (vi+phur +a), 振動,戰慄,散播。【過】vipphuri。【過vipphurita。【現vipphuranta

Vipphuliga,【中】火花。

Viphala,【形】不結果的,無利益的。

Vibandha,【陽】腳鐐,桎梏。

Vibādhaka,【形】避免的,傷害的。

Vibādhati (vi+bādh騷擾+a), 阻礙,壓迫,阻隔。

Vibādhana,【中】障礙,預防。

Vibbhanta (vibbhamati 的【過), vibbhantaka,【形】背教者,被團體抛棄的人,還俗。

Vibbhamati (vi+bham+a), 走錯路,背棄團體。【過】vibbhami。【獨】vibbhamitvā

Vibhaga,【陽】分配,區分,分類。《分別論》(Vibhaga),南傳巴利論藏七部論之一,略稱《毘崩伽》(分別)。係由多方面分別解說一切法之書,內容由十八分別品組成,即蘊、處、界、諦、根、緣相、念處、正勤、神足、覺支、道、定、無量、學處、無礙解、智、小事及法心等分別品。在前十五品之中,每品各分經分別、論分別、問難三部份加以解說。後三品則每品各分本母和廣釋二部份加以解說。論述要點係依教理行果之順序,然內容以三學為基礎。(《中華佛教百科全書()p.3253.1)

Vibhajati (vi+bhaj分開+a), 分開,解剖,分類。【過】vibhaji。【過vibhatta, vibhajita。【現vibhajanta。【獨】vibhajitvā

Vibhavati (vi+bhavati) 停止存在(to cease to exist; Sn.873 (vibhoti); pp. vibhūta.

Vibhāvayati, 顯耀KhA.187.Vibhāvayantīti paññā-obhāsena saccappaicchādaka kilesandhakāra vidhamitvā attano pakāsāni pākaṭāni karonti.(顯耀︰以智慧之光破壞真實的隱藏污染之暗後,自己的光顯耀出來)

Vibhajja (Vibhajati的【獨】), 分開了,分析了。vibhajjavāda,【陽】邏輯教條(理由的宗教)vibhajjavādī,【陽】接受上座部 (Theravāda長老說) 教義的人,南傳佛教徒。

Vibhatta, (vibhajati 的【過)已分開,已解剖,已分類。

Vibhatti,【陰】區分,分類,屈折語(名詞和動詞的形式變化),語法的格。vibhattika,【形】有區分的。

Vibhava,【陽】財富,繁榮。vibhavatahā﹐【陰】無有愛。DA.15./II,500Vibhavatahāti ucchedadiṭṭhisahagato rāgo.(無有愛:染著伴隨斷滅的見解)SA.12.2./II,15.ucchedadiṭṭhisahagatarāgabhāvena “rūpa ucchijjati vinassati pecca na bhavatī”ti eva assādentī pavattamānā vibhavatahāti.(以染著伴隨斷滅的見解,色被消滅、被破壞、死後烏有如此轉起味著,為無有愛)

Vibhāga(< vibhajati, cp. vibhaga & vibhajana),【陽】vibhājana,【中】分配,區分,分類(distribution, division; detailing, classification)

Vibhāta, (Vibhāti的【過) 照亮(shining, turned to light, bright)vibhātāya rattiyā,夜晚變得明亮(when night had become light)

Vibhāti (vi+bhā +a), 變成明亮,照亮(to shine forth, to be or become light (said of the night turning into day); pres. also vibhāyati Vin.I,78; fut. vibhāyissati D.II,148; aor. vibhāyi J.V.354. -- pp. vibhāta.

Vibhāvana,【中】vibhāvanā,【陰】解釋,闡明。

Vibhāvī(Vibhāvin) (< vibhāveti),【形】聰明的。【陽】智者(intelligent, wise; Nd2 259 (=medhāvin))

Vibhāveti (vi+bhū+a), 1.非常明瞭(1.to understand clearly (lit. “to produce intensively or well”) Sn.318 (ger. a-vibhāvayitvā))2.闡明、解釋(to make clear, to explain)3.滅絕(to put out of existence, to annihilate [as Caus. of vibhava2] DhsA.163.)。【過】vibhāvesi。【過vibhāvita。【現vibhāventa。【獨】vibhāvetvā

Vibhinna(vi+bhinna),【過】已分開,已變化(scattered; divided, at variance)

Vibhītaka, Vibhīṭaka,【陽】vibhītakī,【陰】紅果欖仁樹(the plant Terminalia belerica; beleric myrobolan。見 Akkha)

Vibhūta(pp. of vibhavati, or vi+bhūta),【過1.已破壞、已滅絕、已清除( [cp. bhūta 1, & vibhava 2] destroyed, annihilated, being without)2.錯誤( [cp. bhūta 3] false Sn.664.)3.清楚、清晰([cp. vibhāveti 2] clear, distinct (ati-vibhūta =very clear, avibhūta=unclear, ati-avibhūta =very unclear))vibhūta karoti, 解釋(to explain Miln.308.)

Vibhūti(< vi+bhavati),【陰】1.破壞(cp. vibhūta2)2.光彩壯麗,光榮(cp. vibhava)dānavibhūti, 財產的榮耀。rājavibhūti, 國王的榮耀。

Vibhūsana(vi+bhūsana),【中】裝飾(adornment)

Vibhūsā,【陰】裝飾。

Vibhūsita (Vibhūseti的【過) 已裝飾(adorned, decorated)

Vibhūseti (vi+bhus +e), 裝飾,修飾,美化(to adorn, embellish, beautify)。【過】vibhūsesi。【獨】vibhūsetvā。【過vibhūsita

Vimati(vi+mati),【陰】疑惑,困惑(doubt, perplexity, consternation)vimaticchedaka,【形】除去困惑的。

Vimana(vi+mano) ,【形】1.困惑、使驚恐(perplexed, consternated)2.糊塗(infatuate)3.心煩意亂(distracted, distressed)

Vimala(vi+mala),【形】無髒污的,無沾染的(without stains, spotless, unstained)

Vimāna,【中】龍宮,天宮。vimānapeta,【陽】半受罪半享樂的陰精。Vimānavatthu,【中】《天宮事經》。

Vimānana,【中】不敬。

Vimāneti (vi +man+e), 不敬,藐視。【過】vimānesi。【過vimānita。【獨】vimānetvā

Vimukha,【形】厭惡的,怠慢的。

Vimuccati (vi+muc釋放+ya), 被釋放。【過】vimucci。【過vimutta。【獨】vimuccitvā

Vimuccana,【中】釋放。

Vimuñcati (vi+muc釋放+-a), 釋放,解脫。【過】vimuñci。【過vimuñcita。【現vimuñcanta。【獨】vimuñcitvā3.祈】vimucceyya。【不】vimuccitu。【使】vimoceti

Vimutta (vimuccati被釋放開的【過), 已釋放,已解放,已解脫。

Vimutti (<vimuccati被釋放開),【陰】釋放,救出,解脫(release, deliverance, emancipation)。「從離染, 彼被釋放開。於已被釋放開者, 已被釋放開的智變成這樣:彼徹底知『生已被滅盡, 梵行已被滯留, 應被作的已被作, 對在此處輪迴的狀態以後不存在。』」(S.12.61./II,95.)vimuttirasa,【陽】解脫之味。vimuttisukha,【中】解脫之樂。sammāvimutticitta﹐心正解脫,正心解脫,即心完全解脫。pañca vimuttiparipācaniyā saññā, 五熟解脫想,使解脫成熟的五種想(pañca vimutti-paripācaniyā saññā):無常想、無常苦想、苦無我想、不淨想、一切世間不可樂想(anicca-saññā, anicce dukkha-saññā, dukkhe anatta-saññā, asudha-saññā, anabhirata-saññā)

Vimuttacitta (vimutta被釋放開【過+citta),【形】心已被釋放開。

Vimokkha=vimokha (vi+muc釋放),【陽】救出,釋放,解脫。Tīṇi vimokkhamukhāni(trii vimokamukhāni),三解脫門--無常解脫門、苦解脫門、無我解脫門;《念住經》一再強調隨觀集滅(生滅),可以一路直達涅槃。aṭṭha vimokkhā(aṣṭau vimokṣāḥ)﹐八解脫。「八解脫」的第一解脫是「以色觀色」,第二解脫是「內觀無色想,以見外界之諸色」,此二解脫是不淨觀。第三解脫是「一心淨思」(或淨解脫身作證),是淨觀。此三解脫是光中見色與淨色的禪定。第四至第八解脫是空無邊處、識無邊處、無所有處、非想非非想處、滅受想。「八勝處」的前四勝處,是不淨觀;後四勝處──內無色相外觀色青,黃,赤,白,是淨觀。十遍處中的前八遍處──地,水,火,風,青,黃,赤,白遍處,都是淨觀。光明想與淨色的觀想,是勝解作意(adhimoka-manaskāra別譯:假想觀),而不是真實觀。

  五解脫智成熟想(pañca vimuttiparipācanīyā saññā)(1)無常想aniccasaññā, (2)於無常苦想anicce dukkhasaññā, (3)於苦無我想dukkhe anattasaññā, (4)斷想pahānasaññā, (5)離染想virāgasaññā.(又見D.33/III,243.;《中阿含86經》(T1.563.3)五熟解脫想,(1)無常想、(2)無常苦想、(3)苦無我想、(4)不淨惡露想、(5)一切世間不可樂想);尚有五法--(1)親近善友、(2)持戒(守護波羅提木叉之律儀)(3)論法(少欲.知足、遠離、不雜、精勤、戒...解脫.解脫智見論)(4)精勤(發勤斷諸不善法,具足諸善法而住)(5)智慧(通達生滅)(又見A.9.3/IV, p.357Ud.4:1/p.36;《中阿含56經》);五根(pañcindriyāni)──(1)信根saddhindriya, (2)精進(勇猛)vīriyindriya, (3)念根satindriya, (4)定根samādhindriya, (5)慧根paññindriya。若禪修者能觀察多生,他對輪迴的厭倦將逐漸成熟,這厭智(nibbidāñāṇa)將成為證得道果的強大資助。

Vimocaka,【陽】釋放者。

Vimocana,【中】從釋放,放出,解放。

Vimoceti (vimuccati‘被釋放開的【使】), 使釋放,使自由。【過】vimocesi。【過vimocita。【現vimocenta。【獨】vimocetvā【陽..主】【現vimocaya

Vimoheti (vi+ muh(muh)昏迷+e), 迷惑,使昏亂,誘騙。【過】vimohesi。【過vimohita。【獨】vimohetvā

Vimhaya,【陽】驚異,驚奇。

Vimhāpaka,【形】使吃驚的人。vimohāpana。【中】令人驚訝的。

Vimhāpeti (vi+mhi +āpe), 使驚訝,使驚奇。【過】vimhāesi。【過vimhāpita。【獨】vimhāpetvā

Vimhita,【過】已使驚訝。

Viya (比較虛詞), 像,如同,當做,假裝。

Viyatta(cp. Sk. vyakta, vi+pp. of añj),【形】已決定的、已學的、完成的(determined, of settled opinion, learned, accomplished)2. separated, split, dissenting).‘viyutta’或許可理解作‘viyatta’

Viyūhati (vi+ūh+a), 除去,散佈。【過】viyūhi。【過viyūḷha, viyūhita。【獨】viyūhitvā

Viyūhana,【中】散佈,除掉。

Viyūḷha, vyūḷha, (viyūhati 的【過) 已集合。

Viyoga,【陽】分離。

Viracita, (Viracayati的【過) 組成,集合

Viracayati (vi+rac+ya), 組成,集合。【過】viraci, viracayi

Viraja,【形】無瑕疵的,無污穢的。

Virajjati (vi+raj(raj, rañj)+yacp. Sk. rajyati, Med. of rajati), 脫離,顯示缺乏興趣(to detach oneself, to free oneself of passion, to show lack of interest in)。【過】virajji。【過viratta, virājita。【獨】virajjitvā。【現virajjamānacaus. virājeti

chanda v. to give up desire for femininity). -- pp. a.

Virajjana(<virajjati; cp. rajjana),【中】丟棄,摒除(peng3 ti5(併池)),自心中摒除享樂(discolouring)

Virajjhati (vi+rādh+yacp. Sk. virādhyati), 失敗,錯過,失去。【過】virajjhi。【過viraddha。【獨】virajjhitvācaus. virādheti

Virata (viramati 的【過), 已避免。

Virati<vi+ram喜悅), (vi-rati=verramaṇī)【陰】離。離心所(virati cetasika),即正語(sammāvācā)、正業(sammākammanta)、正命(sammā-ājīva),離邪語、邪業、邪命時,才會產生此心所

Viratta (virajjati 的【過), 已離染。

Viraddha (virajjhati 的【過), 已失敗,已錯過。

Viramaa(<viramati),【中】節制,放棄(abstinence, abstaining from)

Viramati (vi+ram+a), 自制,節制,停止,離(to stop, cease; to desist (Abl.), abstain, refrain)。【過】virami。【現viramanta。【獨】viramitvā

Virala,Viraa(connected with Vedic tē excluding, without, & nirti perishing),【形】稀疏的稀罕的瘦的( sparse, rare, thin)

Viralita,Viraita,(pp. of denom. of virala=viraleti, cp. Sk. viralāyate to be rare)薄的,稀少的,稀有的(thin, sparse, rare)。【反】aviralita

Virava, virāva(vi+rava & rāva; cp. Vedic virava),【陽】(鳥、獸等的)啼叫聲,吼,呼喊。mahāvirava, 放聲大哭。

Viravati (vi+rav+a), 大聲地啼,呼喊,出聲叫。【過】viravi。【現viravanta。【獨】viravitvā

Viravana,【中】(鳥、獸等的)啼叫聲,吼,呼喊。參考 Virava

Viraha,【陽】分離,空虛。

Virahita,【形】空的,擺脫的,免除的,沒有的,空空如也

Virāga(vi+rāga<raj著色), 梵巴同),【陽】離染,無欲望。virāgatā,【陰】無貪欲。virāgī,【形】沒熱情的,釋放的。A.5.32./III,35-36“Yāvatā Cundi, dhammā sakhatā vā asakhatā vā, virāgo tesa aggamakkhāyati, yadida-- madanimmadano pipāsavinayo ālayasamugghāto vaṭṭupacchedo tahākkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbāna. Ye kho, Cundi virāge dhamme pasannā, agge te pasannā. Agge kho pana pasannāna aggo vipāko hoti.(准提(公主)!於一切有為或無為法中,離欲可說為最上,即是:憍慢粉碎、渴引離、阿賴耶()的連根拔起、輪迴斷、渴愛盡、離染、滅、涅槃。准提(公主)!凡信離染之法者,為最上信,而最上信者,有最上的果報。)

Virājati (vi+rāj +a), 照耀,照亮。【過】virāji。【過virājita。【現virājamāna

Virājeti (vi+rāj+e), 丟棄,除去,破壞。【過】virājesi。【獨】virājetvā。【現virājenta

Virādhanā,【陰】失敗。

Virādheti (vi+radh+e), 錯過,省略,失敗。【過】virādhesi。【過virādhita。【獨】virādhetvā

Viriccati (vireceti 的【被】), 被淨化。

Viriccamāna (Viriccati的【現), 正在淨化。

Viritta (Viriccamāna的【過), 已淨化。

ViriyaVīriya (<vīra英雄) ( vīriya(<vīra英雄<aj+īr移動, vi取代aj)energy ),【中】精進,努力,勇悍viriyabala,【中】精進力、勇悍力viriyavantu,【形】精力充沛的。viriyasamatā,【陰】能源的緩和。viriyārambha,【陽】發奮。viriyindriya,【中】精進根、勇悍根SA.45.8.Vīriya ārabhatīti vīriya pavatteti.(發勤精進:轉起精進)āraddhavīriya﹐發勤精進。DhsA.CS:p.163Vīrassa bhāvo vīriya, vīrāna vā kamma vīriya. Vidhinā vā nayena upāyena īrayitabba pavattayitabbanti vīriya.(英雄的氣慨,為精進 英雄的作為,為精進。或依適當的方法,或依理,依方便,當激起,當轉起精進。)

Virujjhati (vi+rudh成長+ya), 反對,懷敵意。【過】virujjhi。【過viruddha。【現virujjhanta。【獨】virujhitvā

Viruddha (Virujjhati的【過), 已反對,已對立,已懷敵意。viruddhatā,【陰】敵意,反對派。

Virūpa(virūpa),【形】不成形的,醜陋的。virūpatā,【陰】醜陋。

Virūpakkha(Vaiśravaa),【陽】廣目天王,四大王天之一,在西方廣目天王統治諸龍(nāga)

Virūḷha (virūhati生長的【過), 已生長,已增加。

Virūḷhaka(Virūḍhaka)﹐增長天王,毘琉璃,四大王天之一,在南方增長天王統治鳩槃荼(kumbhaṇḍa),即守護森林、山嶽、寶藏的守護神。

Virūḷhi,【陰】生長。

Virūhati (vi+ruh上升+a), 生長,使發芽,增加。【過】virūhi。【現virūhanta。【獨】virūhitvā

Virūhana,【中】virūhnā,【陰】成長,生長。【反】avirūhnā(不成長)

Vireka,【陽】virecana,【中】下痢,瀉劑。

Vireceti (vi+rec+e), (使)通便。【過】virecesi。【過virecita。【獨】virecetvā

Virocati (vi+ruc發光+a), 照耀,使燦爛。【過】viroci。【現virocamāna。【獨】virocitvā

Virocana,【中】光亮。

Viroceti (virocati 的【使】), 照明。【過】virocesi。【過virocita。【獨】virocetvā

Virodha(vi+rodha1障礙)【陽】virodhana,【中】障礙(obstruction, hindrance),反對(opposition),敵對(enmity)

Virodheti (vi+rudh成長+e), 使懷敵意,使障礙。【過】viroesi。【過virodhita。【獨】virodhetvā

Vilakkhaa(vi+lakkhaa) 【形】【中】錯誤的特性。

Vilagga,【過】已附著,已執著。【陽】腰部。

Vilaghati (vi+lagh+-a), 跳起翻筋斗。

Vilagheti (vi+lagh+-e), 跳過,違犯。【過vilaghita

Vilapati (vi+lap嘮叨+a), 1.講廢話(to talk idly )2.哀悼,悲歎(to lament, wail)。【過】vilapi。【現vilapanta, vilapamāna。【獨】vilapitvā

Vilambati (vi+lamb垂下+a), 閒蕩,等候,在附近逗留。【過】vilambi。【過vilambita。【獨】vilambitvā

Vilambana,【中】閒蕩,羞愧的因素。

Vilambeti (vi+lamb垂下+e), 嘲弄,嘲笑。【過vilambita

Vilaya,【陽】分解。

Vilasati (vi+las+a), 往前照亮,戲耍,遊戲。【過】vilasi

Vilasita (Vilasati的【過), 已照亮,已鮮明,已壯麗。

Vilāpa,【陽】悲歎,無價值的話。

Vilāsa,【陽】魅力(charm),優雅,美,外表,獻媚(coquetry)vilāsitā,【陰】獻媚。

Vilāsinī,【陰】女人。

Vilāsī,【形】有吸引力的,優雅的。

Vilikhati (vi+likh+a), 擦,刮掉。【過vilikhita

Vilitta (vilimpeti塗抹的【過), 已塗以油。

Vilimpati (vi+lip+-a), 塗上,塗抹。

Vilimpeti (vi+limp+e), 塗上,塗抹。【過】vilimpesi。【現vilimpenta。【獨】vilimpetvā

Vilīna (vilīyati‘融化的【過), 已溶解。

Vilīyati (vi+lī執著+ya), 融化,被溶解,毀滅。【過】vilīyi。【現vilīyamāna

Vilīyana,【中】熔化,分解。

Vilīva,【中】一片竹,一片簧片。vilīvakāra,【陽】編製籃技工。

Vilugga (vilujjati 的【過), 已打破,已弄碎。

Vilumpati(vi+lumpati) ﹐掠奪,搶奪(to plunder, rob, steal, ruin)

Vilutta (vilumpati 的【過), 已掠奪,已搶奪。

Vilūna(vi+lūna),【過】已切掉,已撕掉(cut off (always with ref. to the hair))

Vilekha(vi+lekha),【陽】困惑,亂寫(perplexity, lit. “scratching” )Vilekhā,【陰】。manovilekho﹐心的困惑。

Suvilekhita,【過】已刮擦(well scraped)

Vilepana(vi+lepana) ,【中】化妝品,(皮膚)彩妝,廁所香水(cosmetic, toilet perfume)DA.1./I,77.Vilepananti chavirāgakaraa.(化妝品︰塗染皮膚的原料。)

Vilepita, (Vilepeti的【過) 塗以油

Vilepeti (vi+lip+e), 塗以油。【過】vilepesi。【獨】vilepetvā

Vilokana,【中】檢查,調查。

Viloketi (vi+lok+e), 看,檢查。【過】vilokesi。【過vilokita。【現vilokentavilokayamāna。【獨】viloketvā

Vilocana,【中】眼睛。

Vilopa,【陽】vilopana,【中】掠奪,搶劫。vilopaka,【陽】掠奪者,破壞者。

Viloma,【形】【中】反對的,不同意的,拂逆的vilomatā,【陰】意見不同,相差。Dhp.50.Na paresa vilomāni, na paresa katākata; attano va avekkheyya, katāni akatāni ca.(不觀他人過,不觀作不作,但觀自身行,已作與未作。)

Vilometi (viloma 的【派】), 不同意,爭論。【過】vilomesi。【獨】vilometvā

Viloana,【中】攪拌。

Viloeti (vi+lu激起+e), 攪拌,搖動。

Vivajjana,【中】放棄,戒除,避免。pot. vivajjayiSn.(PTS:v.407.CS:v.409.)Pabbajitvāna kāyena, pāpakamma vivajjayi(出家後,他避免身惡業。)

Vivajjeti (vi+vajj+e), 避免,放棄,抛棄。【過】vivajjesi。【過vivajjita。【現vivajjenta。【獨】vivajjetvā, vivajjiya

Vivaa (vivarati 的【過), 已打開,已暴露,已揭開。

Vivaṭṭa,【中】輪迴。vivaṭṭakappa,【陽】成劫。DhA.v.135./CS:pg.2.38.“Visākhe imesa sattāna jāti-ādayo nāma daṇḍahatthakagopālakasadisā, jāti jarāya santika, jarā byādhino santika, byādhi maraassa santika pesetvā maraa kuhāriyā chindantā viya jīvita chindati, eva santepi vivaṭṭa patthentā nāma natthi, vaṭṭameva pana patthentī”ti.(毘舍佉!有情一旦出生,等於手中有杖者、牧牛者(等,身份),接近生、老,接近老、病,接近病、死,(最後)死亡的召喚,如斧斬,斬命,雖然這樣人們仍然留戀輪迴,渴望輪迴。)

Vivaṭṭati (vi+vaṭṭ+a), 往後退,(使)旋轉,重做。【過】vivaṭṭi。【過vivaṭṭita。【獨】vivaṭṭitvā

Vivaṭṭana 【中】往後退,轉變方向。

Vivaṭṭeti (vi+vaṭṭ+e), 折回,轉移,破壞,轉起。【過】vivaṭṭesi。【過vivaṭṭita。【獨】vivaṭṭetvā

Vivaṇṇa,【形】有已褪色的,微弱的。

Vivaṇṇeti (vi+vaṇṇ稱讚+e), 譭謗,誹謗。【過】vivaṇṇesi。【過vivaṇṇita。【獨】vivaṇṇetvā

Vivatta-chadda,【陽】離覆障。錫蘭一般作vivatta-,古代緬甸作vivata-,而近代緬甸(1956年的第六結集)則改作vivatta-。至於高棉一系的傳承,有作-tth-的。關於 -chadda部份,在尼柯耶(Nikāya)中,它的主格單數形非常一致的讀作-chaddo,可是「長部注釋《吉祥悅意》(Sv 445,11),明白證實主格單數應讀作 -chadda ,為「長部解疏」《吉祥悅意古疏》(Sv-pt II 46,11)所追認。這個 -a 的主格單數形也出現在《本生經》:vivatta-cchadda nu si sabbadassī (Ja III 349,4*),這個句子同時又在「增支部注釋」《滿足希求》中被引用到 (Mp I 132,7*)-chadda 一讀最重要的證據是,Aggavasa (勝種,十二世紀緬甸文法家)在他的語法巨著Saddanīti (《語法論》) 中特別教導說 vivaacchaddā 是個「an-語基」的詞 (Sadd 164,19-33),書中還討論到這個詞後來變成「a-語基」的可能成因(Sadd 636,8-12)an-語基變成a-語基是相當尋常的現象。這個詞正確的語形(主格單數)應作vivaacchaddā (而非-ddo),它源自梵語 *vivta-chadman (< vchad),是個 -an結尾的詞(而非-a結尾),詞義是 “he who has removed the veil (of ignorance)” (除去(無明)覆障者)Vivatta-chadda對應的梵語是vighuṣṭa-śabda(of great renown聲名遠播、名稱普聞;loudly proclaimed廣為傳揚) (摘錄自:蔡奇林:「大名聲」(vighuṣṭa-śabda)與「離覆障」(vivatta-chadda))

Vivadati (vi+vad+a), 爭論,吵架。【過】vivadi。【現vivadanta, vivadamāna。【獨】vivaditvā

Vivadana,【中】爭論。

Vivara,【中】口子,裂縫,裂紋。

Vivaraa,【中】開,揭開的幕,揭露。

Vivarati (vi+var+a), 打開,揭開,解釋,分析。【過】vivari。【過vivaa。【現vivaranta, vivaramāna。【獨】vivaritvā。【不】vivarituJA.165./II,53.vivariya dāṭha sesi.(露牙(台語︰牙齴齴ge5 giang3 giang3)睡。)

Vivāda,【陽】爭論,爭辯,吵架,辯論。vivādī, vivādaka,【陽】爭論者。vivādāpanna = vivāda-āpanna(āpanna< āpajjati <ā+pad), 陷入爭吵(諍袂煞cenn3 be7 suah)爭論不休

Vivāha(< vi+vah),【陽】婚姻(“carrying or sending away,” i. e. marriage, wedding)vivāhamagala,【中】婚姻典禮。

Vivicca(ger. of viviccati),【獨】和隔離(separating oneself from (Instr.)),和疏遠(aloof from)vivicca (& avivicca) at J.V.434 in meaning “secretly” (=raho paicchanna C.).

Viviccati(vi+vic分開), 分離(to separate oneself, to depart from, to be alone, to separate (intrs.))ger. viviccitvā & viviccapp. vivitta

Vivicchati, Vevicchā, (desid. of vindati), 欲望(to desire, long for, want)

Vivitta(pp. of viviccati; vi+vitta3),形】分離的,孤單的,獨居者(separated, secluded, aloof, solitary, separate, alone)

Vivittatā,【陰】隔離。vivitta senāsana bhajati, 獨住遠離(親近獨居處)

Vividha,【形】種種的,多方面的。

Viveka,【陽】分離,隔離,遠離。SA.3.18./I,158.Vivekoti vivittatā. Vivittatā cāya tadagaviveko, vikkhambhana-samuccheda-paippassaddhi-nissaraavivekoti pañcavidho.  Evametasmi pañcavidhe viveke. Vivekanissitanti tadagavivekanissita samucchedavivekanissita nissaraavivekanissitañca sammādiṭṭhi bhāvetīti ayamattho veditabbo.  Tathā hi aya ariyamaggabhāvanānuyutto yogī vipassanākkhae kiccato tadagavivekanissita, ajjhāsayato nissaraavivekanissita, maggakāle pana kiccato samucchedavivekanissita, ārammaato nissaraavivekanissita sammādiṭṭhi bhāveti. (遠離即隔離。這隔離有五種︰1.暫時遠離(tadagaviveko)2.鎮伏遠離(vikkhambhanaviveko)3.正斷遠離(永遠捨斷煩惱) (samucchedaviveko)4.回到輕安遠離(paippassaddhiviveko)5.脫離遠離(nissaraaviveko)。如此於五種遠離。依遠離1.暫時依遠離。2.正斷依遠離。3.脫離依遠離。這是修習正見(所產生)應被知。如此,瑜伽行者修習聖道得到毘缽舍那的剎那(vipassanākkhae),為暫時依遠離。道智生起之際(maggakāle),為正斷依遠離。從所緣產生正見,為脫離依遠離

Vivecana,【中】區別,批評。

Viveceti (vi+vic分開+e), 分開,區別,批評。【過】vivecesi。【過vivecita。【獨】vivecetvā

Vivesa, Visesa, 差別的(distinction)殊勝的avisesa,【反】非殊勝

vis(viś),【字根I.進入(enter)

Visa(via),【中】毒藥,毒液。visakaṇṭaka,【中】1.毒刺。2.一種糖的名。visapīta,【形】浸毒藥的(即:毒箭)visarukkha,【陽】有毒的樹。visavejja,【陽】治療毒藥的醫師。visasalla,【中】毒鑣。ghoravisa,【中】劇毒。 tri-via()﹐三毒( 3 main blemishes of character三毒:貪欲、嗔恚、愚癡是也。此毒能生萬咎。--《法門名義集》T54.195.3(北傳)涅槃經曰:毒中之毒無過三毒。」)visamūla毒根。Visamūlassāti dukkhavipākassa (毒根的苦根的。)(SA.1.71.)Dukkhanibbattakakammassa hetubhāvato visamūlā.(苦產生業的因,稱為毒根’) (S.1.1./CS:p.1.50)

Visayutta,【過】已卸軛,已與分離。

Visayoga,【陽】切斷,與分離。

Visavāda,【陽】欺騙,謊言。visavādaka,【形】不能信賴的。visavādana,【中】說謊。

Visavādeti (vi+san+vad+e), 欺騙,說謊,食言,失信。【過】visavādesi。【過visavādita。【現visavādenta。【獨】visavādetvā

Visasaṭṭha(vi+sasaṭṭha結合),【形】分開的,分離的。

Visañña, Visaññī,【形】無意識的。

Visaa, visata (visarati 的【過) 已散佈,已散播。na ca visaa,東張西望。

Visaṭā & visatā (vi+sañj, spelling t for ttsee visatta) 【陰】漫無止境的貪。

Visaṭṭhi (for vissaṭṭhi, fr. vi+sj),【陰】1.射出(emission; in sukkavisaṭṭhi emission of semen射精)2.渴望(probably stands for visatti in meaning “longing,” clinging to, or “love for” (Loc.))

Visati, -visati,(vis(viś)進入+a) 進,入(to enter;只出現在有字首的upavisati, pavisati, parivisati, savisati, abhisavisati, etc. see also vesma (house).)參考 Pavisati

Visatta [pp. of visajjati] hanging on (fig.), sticking or clinging to, entangled in (Loc.) A.II,25; Sn.38, 272; Nd2 597; J.II.146; III.241.

Visatta,【形】強烈地執著的,糾纏的。

Visattikā,【陰】強烈地執著。

Visada,【形】乾淨的,純粹的,顯然的。visadakiriyā,【陰】解釋。visadatā,【陰】visadabhāva,【陽】明朗,純淨。

Visappana,【中】奮鬥。

Visabhāga,【形】不同的,相反的,不尋常的,異常的,異分,異類visabhāga-dhātu﹐他界。

Visama(vi+sama3),【形】1.不平順的,不相等的,不調和的。2.無法的,錯誤的。3.奇異的。avisama, 【反】無不平順的。

Visaya(viaya, fr. vi+śī),【陽】境界,地方,區域,物體,範圍,肉體上的快樂,立足點,塵(真諦等舊譯家將之譯作,新譯作境界。引起眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意六根的感覺思惟作用的對象。計有六種,即色、聲、香、味、觸、法,稱之六塵、六境。)

Visayha(ger. of visahati),【形】可忍受的,可能的。avisayha,【反】不可忍受的。

Visarati(vi+s動轉)﹐散佈。

Visalla,【形】無傷心的,拔掉飛鑣的。

Visahati (vi+sah勝過+a), 能,敢,冒險。【過】visahi。【現visahamāna

Visāhāra (visa+āhāra, or vi+sa+āhāra),心煩意亂的(distractedness),擾亂(perturbation)。【反】avisāhāra,平靜(balance)

Visakita,【形】可疑的。

Visakhāra,【陽】所有物質的剝除(divestment of all material things)

Visakhita (visakharoti 的【過), 已破壞。

Visākhā,【陰】氐宿(二十七星宿之一),毘舍佉(佛陀的在家女信徒,佈施第一)。《法句經注》(Dh.A.v.53.CS:p.1.254~5)毘舍佉結婚前,父親給的建言:(1)anto-aggi bahi na nīharitabbo”ti āha, “Sakkā nu kho amhehi ubhato paivissakagehāna aggi adatvā vasitun”ti? “Eva kira, ammā”ti. “Tātā, mayha pitā na eta sandhāya kathesi. Ida pana sandhāya kathesi–‘amma, tava sassusasurasāmikāna agua disvā bahi tasmi tasmi gehe hatvā mā kathesi. Evarūpo hi aggisadiso aggi nāma natthī’”ti. Ayyā, eta tāva eva hotu, imissā pana pitā.(不要將家裡的火拿到外面(鄰居):說:釋迦女!為什麼跟我們兩人的鄰居,不給家裡的火?’‘如是,確實,母親。’‘親愛的!不要評論我的父親。’‘女兒!乃至於見到公婆和丈夫的壞事,保持在家裡,不要處處外傳。像這樣類似火,不是(真的)火。母親! 這樣知道了。這個是父親的(建言)) (2)bāhirato aggi na anto pavesetabboti āha, “ki Sakkā amhehi anto aggimhi nibbute bāhirato aggi anāharitun”ti? “Eva kira, ammā”ti. Tātā, mayha pitā na eta sandhāya kathesi, ida pana sandhāya kathesi–sace paivissakagehesu itthiyo vā purisā vā sassusasurasāmikāna agua kathenti, tehi kathita āharitvā “asuko nāma tumhāka evañca evañca agua kathetī”ti puna mā katheyyāsi. “Etena hi agginā sadiso aggi nāma natthī”ti. Eva imasmimpi kārae sā niddosāva ahosi.(不要將外面(鄰居)的火拿到家裡釋迦女!為什麼不要將外面的火拿到家裡?’‘如是,確實,母親。’‘親愛的!不要評論我的父親,這是關於評論。如果評論鄰居--若女、若男、若公婆和丈夫的壞事,帶來他們的評論,某某,不評論你們的這個那個壞事。’‘像這樣類似火,不是(真的)火。如此,在這事情不要趟混水的。)(3)Ye dadanti, tesayeva dātabbanti vutta. Ta “yācitaka upakaraa gahetvā ye paidenti, tesaññeva dātabban”ti sandhāya vutta.(只給那些會給者:幫忙那些有借有還的人,應該給他們。)(4)Ye na denti, tesa na dātabbanti idampi ye yācitaka gahetvā na paidenti, tesa na dātabbanti sandhāya vutta.(不給那些會不給者:不借給那些有借無還的人,不應該給他們。)(5)“Dadantassāpi adadantassāpi dātabban”ti ida pana daliddesu ñātimittesu sampattesu te paidātu sakkontu vā mā vā, tesa dātumeva vaṭṭatīti sandhāya vutta. (給那些既給又不給者:已來到的貧困者、親戚和朋友,即使有借無還,也應該施與他們。)(6)Sukha nisīditabbanti idampi sassusasurasāmike disvā vuṭṭhātabbaṭṭhāne nisīditu na vaṭṭatīti sandhāya vutta.(快樂地坐:看見公婆和丈夫應起迎,不應坐著。(不起迎則內心傲慢,不會快樂。))(7)Sukha bhuñjitabbanti ida pana sassusasurasāmikehi puretara abhuñjitvā te parivisitvā sabbehi laddhāladdha ñatvā pacchā saya bhuñjitu vaṭṭatīti sandhāya vutta.(快樂地吃:公婆和丈夫未吃飯前,不吃,在他們用餐時侍立一旁,已知道服侍好之後,自己才吃飯。(不侍候則不會快樂。))(8)Sukha nipajjitabbanti idampi sassusasurasāmikehi puretara sayana āruyha na nipajjitabba, tesa kattabbayuttaka vattapaivatta katvā pacchā saya nipajjitu yuttanti sandhāya vutta.(快樂地睡:公婆和丈夫要先上床,否則不睡,妻子應該在睡前做好自己的各種責任,才去睡覺。(不盡責則不會快樂。))(9)Aggi paricaritabboti ida pana sassumpi sasurampi sāmikampi aggikkhandha viya uragarājāna viya ca katvā passitu vaṭṭatīti sandhāya vutta.(應照顧好家火:侍候公婆和丈夫應要當作侍候像侍火、蛇王(uragarājāna)一樣。)(10)Antodevatā namassitabbāti idampi sassuñca sasurañca sāmikañca devatā viya katvā daṭṭhu vaṭṭatīti sandhāya vutta.(應禮敬家神:公婆和丈夫理應要當作神明一樣。)

Visāṇa,【中】(牛、羊等的)角。visāṇamaya,【形】獸角製的。

Visāda,【陽】灰心,沮喪,失望情緒。

Visārada,【形】鎮靜的,自信的,熟練的。

Visāla,【形】大的,寬廣的,廣大的,龐大的。visālakkhi,【陰】(女人)有大眼睛。visālatā,【陰】visālatta,【中】巨大,無限。

Visāhaa﹐散亂(vikepa)

Visikhā(cp. *Sk. (lexicogr.) viśikhā),【陰】街道(a street, road) visikhākathā街談巷議(gossip at street corners)

Visiṭṭha (pp. of visissati),【形】卓著的,顯赫的,非常的(distinguished, prominent, superior, eminent)visiṭṭhatara,【形】更顯著的(=anuttara)visiṭṭhamāna(=vimāna), 天宮。

Visibbeti (vi+siv+e), 拆解,拆線,取暖。【過】visibbesi。【獨】visibbetvā

Visineti,SA.22.79./II,296.Visineti na ussinetīti vikirati na sampiṇḍeti.(散而不聚︰分散,不聯合。)

Visīdati (vi+sad+a), 下沉,沮喪。【過】visīdi

Visīdana,【中】沉沒,灰心。

Visīvana,【中】取暖。

Visīveti (vi+siv+e), 取暖。【過】visīvesi。【現visīventa。【獨】visīvetvā

Visujjhati (vi+sudh(śudh / śundh)弄乾淨+ya), 淨化,純化。【過】visujjhi。【現visujjhamāna。【獨】visujjhitvā

Visuddha (Visujjhati‘淨化的【過), 已乾淨,已純粹,已明亮,已無瑕疵,已使神聖。visuddhatā,【陰】visuddhatta,【中】純淨,清潔。

Visuddhi,【陰】清淨(有七清淨:1.戒清淨sīlavisuddhi2.心清淨cittavisuddhi3.見清淨 diṭṭhivisuddhi4.度疑清淨kakhāvitaraa-visuddhi5.道非道智見清淨maggāmaggañāṇadassana-visuddhi6.行道智見清淨paipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhi7.智見清淨ñāṇadassana-visuddhi),光彩壯麗,優點。visuddhideva,【陽】聖人,淨天。Visuddhimagga,【陽】《清淨道論》,淨道。

Visu,【副】分開地,個別地,分別地。visukaraa,【中】分離。visukatvā,【獨】分開了。

Visūka,【中】蠕動,表演。visūkadassana,【中】觀表演。indriyesu guttadvārassa visūkadassanaj kaṇṭako.(護諸根門者,以看戲為障礙)D.1./I,6.D.2./I,65.“Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpa visūkadassanamanuyuttā viharanti, seyyathida, (1)nacca (2)gīta (3)vādita (4)pekkha (5)akkhāna (6)pāṇissara (7)vetāla (8)kumbhathūṇa (9)sobhanaka (10)caṇḍāla (11)vasa (12)dhovana (13)hatthiyuddha (14)assayuddha (15)mahisayuddha (16)usabhayuddha (17)ajayuddha (18)meṇḍayuddha (19)kukkuayuddha (20)vaṭṭakayuddha (21)daṇḍayuddha (22)muṭṭhiyuddha (23)nibbuddha (24)uyyodhika (25)balagga (26)senābyūha (27)anīkadassana iti vā, iti evarūpā visūkadassanā paivirato samao Gotamo”ti.(或如有些尊敬的沙門、婆羅門食用信施的食物,他們住於不適宜的觀看表演,這即是:『(1)舞蹈、(2)歌唱、(3)演奏、(4)舞台戲、(5)民謠、(6)鼓掌樂、(7)鐃鈸樂、(8)鼓樂、(9)小丑戲、(10)鐵丸戲、(11)竹戲、(12)()祭禮(=aṭṭhidhovana土葬多年後,撿骨之日的祭禮,cf. A.10.107.)(13)鬥象、(14)鬥馬、(15)鬥水牛、(16)鬥牡牛、(17)鬥山羊、(18)鬥牡羊、(19)鬥雞、(20)鬥鵪鶉、(21)棍鬥、(22)拳擊、(23)摔角、(24)演習(演練攻擊的地方)(25)點兵(象軍有多少﹑馬軍有多少﹑騎兵有多少﹑步兵有多少)(26)佈陣(象軍站在此﹑馬軍站在此﹑騎兵站在此﹑步兵站在此)(27)閱兵(校閱象軍﹑馬軍﹑騎兵﹑步兵)』沙門喬達摩離如此觀看表演。)

Visūcikā,【陰】霍亂。

Visesa,【陽】1.卓越,差異(distinction )。。visesaka,【陽】特徵。visesagāmī,【形】造詣非凡的。visesabhāgiya,【形】導致非凡的,導致進步的。visesādhigama,【陽】特殊的造詣。

Visesatā,【陰】卓越。

Visesato,【副】特殊地,全部。

Visesana,【中】非凡,性質,形容詞。

Visesiya, visesitabba,【形】有資格的,有定義的。

Visesī,【形】有特點的,合格的人。

Viseseti (vi+sis +e), 取得資格,定義,辨別。【過】visesi。【過visesita。【獨】visesetvā

Visoka,【形】無憂的。

Visodhana,【中】清潔,純淨。

Visodheti (vi+sudh+e), 打掃,淨化。【過】visodhesi。【過visodhita。【現visodhenta。【獨】visodhetvā, visodhiya

Visoseti (vi+sus+e), 使乾涸使枯萎。【過】visosesi。【過visosita。【現visosenta。【獨】visosetvā

Vissagandha,【陽】像生肉的味道。

Vissagga,【陽】捐贈物,配給物。

Vissajjaka,【形】分發的,分佈的。【陽】回問者,分配者。

Vissajjana,【中】授予,派遣,流出,答案,開支。vissajjanaka,【形】答覆的,授予的,花費的。

Vissajjanīya, vissajjitabba, vissajjiya,【形】要分配的,要回答的。

Vissajjeti (vi+sajj+e), 回答,分配,派遣,花費,拿掉,發出,解放。【過】vissajjesi。【過vissajjita。【獨】vissajjetvā。【現vissajjenta

Vissaṭṭha (Vissajjeti的【過), 已派遣,已回答。

Vissaṭṭhi,【陰】噴射,流出。

Vissattha (vissasati 的【過), 已相信,已親密,已友善。

Vissanda,【陽】vissandana,【中】溢出,滲出。

Vissandati (vi+sand+a), 流出,溢出。【過】vissandi。【過vissandita。【現vissandamāna。【獨】vissanditvā

Vissamati (vi+sam+a), 休息,靜臥,(使)精力恢復。【過】vissami。【現vissamanta。【獨】vissamitvā(=assasitvāna, opp. avissamitvā)

Vissanta (Vissamati的【過), 已休息,已精神振作。

Vissara,【形】苦惱的哭聲。

Vissarati (vi+sar(s)動轉+a), 忘記。【過】vissari。【過vissarita。【獨】vissaritvā

Vissavati (vi+savati, of sru), 流動,滲透(to flow, ooze Th.1, 453= Sn.205 (v. l. SS vissasati)。【現vissavanta

Vissāsaka (&Vissāsika) (vissāsa,【形】可信賴的(intimate, confidential; trustworthy)

VissasatiVissāseti (vi+sas(śvas)+a), 信任、親厚想(to confide in, to put one’s trust in)。【過】vissasasi。【過vissattha。【現vissasanta。【獨】vissasitvā

Vissāsa (vi+sāsa, of śvas),【陽】信心,信賴,親密,親厚(trust, confidence, intimacy, mutual agreement )dubbissāsa, 難以信賴的(difficult to be trusted J.IV,462.)vissaka, vissasika, vissasāsī,【形】親密的,機密的,可信賴的。Mv.I,296.Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, pañcahagehi samannāgatassa vissāsa gahetu(1)sandiṭṭho ca hoti, (2)sambhatto ca, (3)ālapito ca, (4)jīvati ca, (5)jānāti ca, gahite me attamano bhavissatīti.(諸比丘!具足五個條件可信賴(vissāsa gahetu, =vissasanto, vissāsaggāho親厚想)(1)同見者(sandiṭṭho=diṭṭhamattakamitto見的朋友)(2)熟識者(sambhatto=dahamitto摯友)(3)已邀請過(任何你須要的都可以取用)(ālapito)(4)人還活著jīvati)(5)或知道我取用,(物主)將會高興(jānāti ca, gahite me attamano bhavissatīti.)(Sp.Pārā.II,371-2.)

Vissāsanīya (grd. of vissāseti),【形】可信賴的,機密的(to be trusted, trustworthy)dubbissāsaniya, 難以信賴的(hard to trust J.IV,462.)

Vissāsin (< vissāsa),【形】信賴的,信心的(intimate, confidential).

Vissuta(vi+suta, of śru),【形】出名的,有名的(widely famed, renowned, famous)

Vihaga, vihagama,【陽】鳥。

Vihaññati (vi+han+ya), 焦急,悲傷,遭受艱難。【過】vihaññi。【現vihaññamāna

Vihata, (vihanati 的【過), 1.已殺,已破壞。2.已刷(),已使起絨毛。

Vihanati (vi+han+a), 殺,結束,除去。【過】vihani。【獨】vihantvā, vihanitvā

Viharati (vi+har運送+a), 生活,遵守,居住,逗留。【過】vihari。【現viharanta, viharamāna。【獨】viharitvā3p.aor. viharisu, vihasuSA.1.1./I,13.Viharatīti avisesena iriyāpathadibbabrahma-ariyavihāresu aññataravihārasamagīparidīpanameta. Idha pana hānagamananisajjāsayanappabhedesu iriyāpathesu aññatara-iriyāpathasamāyogaparidīpana tena hitopi gacchantopi nisinnopi sayānopi Bhagavā viharaticceva veditabbo. So hi eka iriyāpathabādhana aññena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā aparipatanta attabhāva harati pavatteti, tasmā “viharatī”ti vuccati.(殊勝威儀住(姿勢住)、天住、梵住、聖住,這是解釋具有某一種住。然而在這裡是指站、去、坐、臥,世尊站著、走著、坐著或臥著的經歷,他做某一姿勢,又改變成某一姿勢,不改變(姿勢),或繼續轉變,因此被稱為「住」(vihāra)) 《一切善見律毘婆沙》:「遊者,有四,何謂為四?一者行,二者住,三者坐,四者臥,以此四法,是名遊。」(T24.759.2) Vibha.512.“Viharatīti iriyati vattati pāleti yapeti yāpeti carati viharati, tena vuccati viharatī”ti (︰移動、轉動、保持、使繼續、使持續、行、住,因此被稱為「住」。) 右脇而臥︰有人利用心率變異度分析做研究,證實右側臥具有提升副交感神經活性的作用,是達到放鬆休息最好的臥法。關於臥姿,《大比丘三千威儀》卷上記載:「臥有五事,一者當頭首向佛,二者不得臥視佛,三者不得雙申兩足,四者不得向壁臥,亦不得伏臥,五者不得堅兩膝更上下足,要當枕手撿兩足累兩膝。」《摩訶僧祇律》卷三十五:「佛言:從今以後,當如是臥。云何臥,不聽餓鬼臥,不聽阿脩羅臥,不聽貪欲人臥,若仰向者阿脩羅臥,覆地者餓鬼臥,左側臥者貪欲人臥,比丘應如師子獸王顧身臥。」

Vihāya, (vijahati 的【獨】), 離開了,放棄了。

Vihāra,【陽】住所,住宅,精舍,生活的模態,度時。cha satatavihārā六常住,六善住處,即六根不著六塵,安住於正念正智之生活狀態。vihāra-adhipati, 住持(abbot)

Vihārika, vihārī,【形】(在【合】中)停留的,逗留的,在某種情況中的。

Vihisati (vi+his+a), 傷害,刺傷,騷擾。【過】vihisi。【現vihisanta。【獨】vihisitvā

Vihisanā, Vihisā,【陰】殘酷,受傷,傷害。vihisanāvihisāvitakka,【陽】有害的想法。

Vihita (vidahati 的【過), 已安排,已供給,已開始(某種職業)

Vihīna (vihāyati 的【過), 已留下,已失去,已減少。

Vihehaka,【形】厭煩的,壓抑的,令人感到懊惱的。vihehakajātika,【形】惱害,有騷擾的習慣。sattāna vihehakajātiko hoti, pāṇinā vā leḍḍunā vā daṇḍena vā satthena vā﹐或用手、用土塊、或用棒、或用刀,惱害諸有情。

Vihehana,【中】壓抑。vihehanaka,【形】傷害的。

Vihehiyamāna,【現】正在壓迫,正在騷擾。

Viheheti (vi+heh +e), 惱怒,帶入困境。【過】vihehesi。【過vihehita。【現vihehenta。【獨】vihehetvā

Vihesaka(< viheseti),【形】惱怒的,令人困擾的(annoying, vexing, troubling)

Vihesā(for vihisā),【陰】惱亂,惱怒,煩惱,傷害(vexation, annoyance, injury; worry)

Vihesikā ,【陰】驚嚇(fright)

Vihesiyamāna,】正在壓迫,正在騷擾。參考 Vihehiyamāna

Viheseti (vi+his(his)+e), 惱怒,帶入困境(to harass, vex, annoy, insult)vihesa, aor.vihesayi, aor.。參考 Viheheti

Vīci,【陰】1.波,波浪(a wave, (jalavīci), (vīcipuppha wave-flower, fig.); Vism.63 (samuddavīci)2.間隔(interval, period of time)

vīj﹐【字根I.】煽動、驅趕、搧(to fan)

Vījati, Bījati (vīj+a), ()(to fan)、揮動。【過】vīji。【過vījita。【獨】vījetvā。【現vījayamānaCaus. vījetiPass. vījiyati, bījīyati

Vījana(<vījSk. vījana),【中】通()(a fan, fanning)vījana-vāta, 扇風,涼風(a fanning wind, a breeze)

Vījanī, Bījanī (< vījana, of vīj),【陰】扇子(a fan. There are 3 kinds of fans mentioned at Vin.II,130, viz. vākamayavījanī, usīravījanī, mora-piñchavījanī, or fans made of bark, of a root (?), and of a peacock’s tail.)cittabījani(SnA.v.405./II,381.),有彩繪的扇子。

Vījeti (vij +e), 扇。【過】vījesi。【現vījenta。【獨】vījetvā

Vīṇā,【陰】琵琶。vīṇādaṇḍaka,【陽】琴頸。vīṇādoi,【陰】〔琵琶的〕面板。vīṇāvāyana,【中】琵琶的演奏。Upāsakajanālakāra(優婆塞莊嚴)(SL p.91.)“vāditanti” vīṇāveumurajāki vādana.(演奏︰琵琶(vīṇā)、竹器(veu)、小手鼓(murajatamborine)等之樂器演奏。)

Vīta (= vigata),【過】已無,已沒有,(= vāyita), 已紡織。vītaccika,【形】無火焰的,熾熱的。vītagedha, vītataha,【形】無貪欲的,無渴望的。vītamala,【形】無瑕疵的。vītamoha(vīta+moha),【形】無癡的(沒有無知的)vītarāga,【形】離染的。【陽】聖徒。Ta ki maññasi, Tissa, rūpe vigatarāgassa vigatacchandassa vigatapemassa vigatapipāsassa vigatapariḷāhassa vigatatahassa, tassa rūpassa vipariṇāmaññathābhāvā uppajjanti sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’ti? “No heta, bhante”.(低舍!於汝意云何?若於色離染、離欲、離愛、離渴、離熱煩、離渴愛者,彼色之變易、變異而生愁、悲、苦、憂、惱耶?)「大德!不也。」) (S.22.84./III,107.)

vīta-(< vi-ita < pp. of i), 離開了的

Vītarāga,【中】離染的、無染的

Vīti-(vi+ati), ati(超過)的強調字(representing an emphatic ati)

Vītikiṇṇa, 噴灑,(弄上)斑點(sprinkled, speckled, gay with)

Vītikkama,【陽】1.違反,超越,罪(going beyond, transgression, sin)2.(going on, course (of time) PvA.137 (vītikkamena by and by; v. l. anukkamena).

Vītikkamati (vi+ati超越+kam(kram)超越+a), 違背,超越。【過】vītikkami。【過vītikkanta。【現vītikkamanta。【獨】vītikkamitvā

Vītināmeti (vi+ati超越+nam+e), 度時間,等候(to make pass (time), to spend the time, to live, pass, wait)。【過】vītināmesi。【過vītināmtia。【獨】vītināmetvā

Vītipatati, 飛越(to fly past, to flit by, to fly up & down )

Vītimissa, 混合(mingled, mixed (with))

Vītivatta (vītivattati 的【過), 已經過,已消磨,已克服(having passed or overcome, gone through; passed, spent)

Vītivatteti (vi+ati超越+vat+e), 克服,度時。【過】vītivattesi。【過vītivattita。【獨】vītivattetvā

Vītisāreti (< vi+ati+ s; not with Childers fr. sm; cp. BSk. vyatisārayati), 交換(to make pass (between), to exchange (greeting), to address, converse (katha), greet)sārāṇīya sammodanīya katha vītisāreti,互相問候,寒喧

Vītiharaa,【中】vītihāra,【陽】換步,()大步,夾在中間搬運(passing (mutually), carrying in between)

Vītiharati (vi+ati超越+har+a), 走路,邁大步走(to associate with (at a meal))。【過】vītihari。【獨】vītiharitvā

Vītihāra, 【陽】換步(in padavīti “taking over or exchange of steps,” a stride)

Vīthi(<vi+icp. Epic Sk. vīthi),【陰】1.街,道,軌道(street, way, road, path, track)2.歷程,過程,認知之過程(paramparā);音譯:毗提(course, process (of judgment, senseperception or cognition))vīthicitta,【中】心識的路線(路心。process of cognition (lit. processed cognition) 除了結生、有分、死三種離路心’(vīthimutta)心識剎那之外,其他的心識剎那皆屬於路心’)(Vism.22.; DhsA 269.)Anudīpanīpāṭha(CS:pg.132) Vīthī”ti vīthicittappabandho.(︰連續不斷的路心。)

Vīthika, vīthika-,(<vīthi) 有一路(having (as) a road Miln.322 (satipaṭṭhānavīthika, in the city of Righteousness))

Vīmasaka(<vīmasā),【形】調查者,測試者(testing, investigating, examining)

Vīmasana,Vīmasanā,【中】( mīmāṁsā)(<vīmasati),實驗,調查,思量,審察,觀察,弭曼差(音譯)( trying, testing; finding out, experiment)

Vīmasā (<vīmasati),【陰】思量,觀察,實驗,調查(consideration, examination, test, investigation)

Vīmasati (mān+sa, mā 重疊,而前 mā 改爲 vī;次 mā 被短化), 調查,測試,考慮。【過】vīmasi。【過vīmasita。【現vīmasanta。【獨】vīmasitvā, vīmasiya

Vīmasī(=Vīmasin ),【陽】調查員。

Vīra(Vedic vīra),【形】勇敢的,英勇的(manly, mighty, heroic)。【陽】英雄( a hero )mahāvīra﹐大雄(=阿羅漢)

Vīriya (<vīra英雄<aj+īr, vi取代aj),【中】精進,努力,勇悍。

Vīyati (vā+i+ya), 被紡織。

Vīsati,【陰】二十。vīsatima,【形】第二十的。(在【合】中,有時 vīsati vīsa 的詞形;例:vīsavassasatikā)

Vīhi(cp.Vedic vrīhi),【陽】稻穀(rice, paddy)

vu﹐【字根IV.】串起(to string)

Vuccati (vac +ya), 【被】被稱爲,被叫做。【現vuccamāna

Vuṭṭha (vassati 的【過), 已淋濕。

Vuṭṭhahati, vuṭṭhāti (u+hā +a), 升,出現,顯露,被生産。【過】vuṭṭhahi, vuṭṭhāsi。【過vuṭṭhita。【現vuṭṭhanta。【獨】vuṭṭhahitvā, vuṭṭhāya

Vuṭṭhāna,【中】升起。vuṭṭhānavasitā﹐出定自在,能夠輕易及迅速地從禪定中出來的能力。vuṭṭhānagāmi, 出起(因為「道」乃從所執著的事物--即外在的相--出起,也從內在的煩惱出起,所以「道」被稱為「出起」。)Vism.671.gotrabhuñāṇa vuṭṭhānagāminiyā vipassanāya pariyosāna.(種姓智為至出起觀的最終)

Vuṭṭhāpeti (Vuṭṭhāna的【使】), 喚醒,厭惡,受戒(爲出家人)。【過】vuṭṭhāpesi。【過vuṭṭhāpita 【獨】vuṭṭhāpetvā

Vuṭṭhi,【陰】雨。vuṭṭhika,【形】有雨的。

Vuḍḍha,【形】老的,莊嚴的。vuḍḍhatara,【形】年長者,資深者。

Vuḍḍhi,【陰】增加,生長,繁榮,昌隆。mahāsālāpi pañcahi vuddhīhi vaḍḍhanti, 五種種植(五種生種子:根種、莖種、節種、枝種、種籽)皆盛產。

Vutta (vadati的【過), 已說,(vapati 的【過) 已播種,已剃頭。【中】被播種的事物,被說的事物。vuttappakāra,【形】有以上所說的品質。vuttappakārena,【副】在以上述所說的方法。vuttavasa﹐所說。vuttavādī,【陽】人云亦云者。vuttasira,【形】剃光頭的。“imāya nāmā”ti vutte, 已說如此這般。

Vutti,【陰】行爲,習慣,練習,用法,生計。vuttika, vuttī,【形】有習慣的,有練習的。vuttitā,【陰】條件。

Vuttha (vasati居住 的【過), 已居住,已度時。vutthavassa,【形】度過雨季安居的。

Vuddha,形】年長的,年老的,莊嚴的。參考 Vuḍḍhajiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayo anuppatto.(已老朽、年長、高齡、年歲已達晚年。)

Vuddhi,陰】增加,生長,繁榮。參考 Vuḍḍhivuddhippatta,【形】成年的,適合成婚的,成年人的。

VuyhatiVuhīyati (vah+ya)(vahati‘負擔攜帶的【被】), 被運走,被漂浮。【過】vuyhi。【過vūḷha。【現vuyhamāna

Vuyhana,【中】漂浮。

Vusita (vasati居住的【過), 已居住,已實現,已達到完美。vusitatta,【中】vusitabhāva,【陽】被居住的事實。

Vussati, (vasati 的【被】)

Vūpakaṭṭha (vūpakāseti 的【過】,BSk.(vyapakṛṣṭa 的【過),【形】隱蔽的、遠離的。eko vūpakaṭṭho獨一靜處。SA.6.3./I,204.ekoti hānādīsu iriyāpathesu  ekakoekavihārīti attho.Vūpakaṭṭhoti kāyena vūpakaṭṭho  nissao.(獨一:單獨一人(行住坐卧)四威儀皆於住所等,一人獨居。遠離:以身遠離出脫。)MA.57./III,107Vūpakaṭṭhoti vatthukāma-kilesakāmehi kāyena ca cittena ca vūpakaṭṭho.(遠離」:身遠離和心遠離「事欲」與「煩惱欲」,稱為遠離。)事欲」是指:田園、財產、事業、衣服、飲食等欲望;「煩惱欲」是指:耽著於事欲,隨逐愛味,產生種種妄想。)

Vūpakāseti (vavakassati<kṛṣ的【使】),【形】遠離的、引離的。

Vūpasanta (vūpasammati 的【過), 已鎮靜,已平靜下來。

Vūpasama(< vi+upa+ sam(śam)使平靜、使安靜),【陽】vūpasamana,【中】減輕,平靜,停止。

Vūpasameti (vi+upa+sam+e), 安撫,使鎮靜,減輕。【過】vūpasamesi。【過vūpasamita。【現vūpasamenta。【獨】vūpasametvā

Vūpasammati (vi+upa+sam+ya), 被緩和,被安心,被熄滅。

Vūḷha, (vuyhati 的【過) 已被運走

ve (viu)﹐【字根I.】編織(to weave)

Ve, (肯定的虛詞)的確,真實地,當然。

Vekalla,【中】vekallatā,【陰】殘缺,缺乏。

Vega(cp. Vedic vega, fr. vij to tremble),【陽】力量,速度,速率,推動力(quick motion, impulse, force; speed, velocity )vātavega, 風速。visavega, 毒力。kammavega, 業力。Instr. vegasā, vegena(adv.)Cp. savega.

Vegha at D.II,100 (veghamissakena, trsln Rh. D. “with the help of thongs”)=S.V,153 (T. reads vedha°), & Th.1, 143 (veghamissena, trsln “violence”) may with Kern, Toev. s. v. be taken as veggha=viggha (Sk. vighna), i. e. obstacle, hindrance; cp. uparundhati Th.1, 143. It remains obscure & Kern’s expln problematic. Cp. Dial. II.107.

Vejayanta,【陽】勝利殿(帝釋的宮殿)vejayanta-ratha, 樂聲車,又作最勝車。

Vejja,【陽】醫師,醫生。vejjakamma,【中】醫治。

Veṭṭhitasīsa, 【中】綁頭巾,纏頭巾

Vehaka,【形】包封的,包裝的。

Vehana,【中】包裝材料,纏頭巾,飾頭巾。

Vehiyamāna,【現】包裝著,纏繞著。

Veheti (veh+e), 包裝,纏繞,包封。【過】vehesi。【過vehita, veṭṭhita。【現vehenta。【獨】vehetvā

Vea,【陽】編製籃子的技工。

Veika,【陽】演奏琵琶者。

Veṇī,【陰】辮子。veṇīkata,【形】把打成辮的,綁成束的。veṇīkaraa,【中】做成束。

Veu,【陽】竹子。veugumba,【陽】竹叢。veubali,【陽】竹子稅。veuvana,【中】竹林。

Vetana,【中】薪水,租金,付款,費用。

Vetanika,【陽】專爲金錢而工作者,雇員。

Vetaraṇī,【陰】灰河(河名)

Vetasa,【陽】藤(rattan reed一種白藤屬攀援棕櫚 (Calamus rotang),以其很長的莖而著名)

Vetālika,【陽】宮廷樂師

Veti (vi+i+a), 變小,消失。

Vetta,【中】藤條,小枝。vettagga,【中】藤芽。vettalatā,【陰】藤蔓。

veth﹐【字根VII.】盤繞(to coil)

Veda,【陽】宗教性的情操,知識,吠陀經(印度最古的宗教文獻和文學作品。四吠陀即指梨俱吠陀、沙摩吠陀、夜柔吠陀、阿闥婆吠陀(Iru-veda, Sāma-veda, Yajur-veda, Athabbana-veda)vedagū,【陽】已達到最高知識的人。vedajāta,【形】裝滿歡喜的。vedantagū, vedapāragū,【陽】擅長吠陀經知識的人。vedallakatha﹐知識論(《增支部注》(A.5.79Vedallakathanti vedapaisayutta ñāṇamissakakatha.)AA.3.58./II.p.261.Tiṇṇa vedānanti irubbedayajubbedasāmabbedāna. (三吠陀梨俱吠陀(Irubbeda;梵gveda讚誦明論)、夜柔吠陀(Yajubbeda;梵Yajurveda祭祀明論)、娑摩吠陀(Samabbeda;梵Sāmaveda歌詠明論)

Vedaka,【陽】受者,感受的人,遭受者。

Vedanaṭṭa,【形】極度痛惱者。Sp.Pārā.I,270.Vedanāṭṭo nāma yo adhimattāya dukkhavedanāya āturo kiñci na jānāti.(極度痛惱者︰再大的苦受、不舒服都不知道。)

Vedanā(<vid經驗),【陰】受,痛苦,感覺。vedanākkhandha,【陽】受蘊。《雜阿含468經》:「有三受,苦受、樂受、不苦不樂受。觀於樂受,為斷樂受貪使故,於我所修梵行,斷苦受瞋恚使故,於我所修梵行,斷不苦不樂受癡使故,於我所修梵行。」M.140./III,242.Sukhavedaniya, bhikkhu, phassa paicca uppajjati sukhā vedanā. So sukha vedana vedayamāno ‘sukha vedana vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.(比丘!由於應感受樂之觸而生樂受。他正在感受樂受時,了知「我感受樂受」)vedanādikkhandhattaya受等三蘊(即受、想、行三蘊)

MA.59./III,114.Ettha ca kāyikacetasikavasena dve veditabbā.  Sukhādivasena tisso, indriyavasena sukhindriyādikā pañca, dvāravasena cakkhusamphassajādikā cha, upavicāravasena “cakkhunā rūpa disvā somanassaṭṭhāniya rūpa upavicaratī”ti-ādikā aṭṭhārasa, cha gehassitāni somanassāni, cha nekkhammasitāni somanassāni, cha gehassitāni domanassāni, cha nekkhammasitāni domanassāni, cha gehassitā upekkhā, cha nekkhammasitāti eva chattisa, tā atīte chattisa, anāgate chattisa, paccuppanne chattisāti eva aṭṭhavedanāsata veditabba.( 二受︰身與心之感受。三受︰處於樂(、苦、捨)五受︰處於根,樂(、苦、悅、憂、捨)根。六受︰處於門,眼見色等所生。十八受︰處於近伺(),眼見色生悅等,近伺()色。三十六受︰六種在家生活有關之悅受,六種出離之悅受;六種在家生活有關之憂受,六種出離之憂受;六種在家生活有關之捨受,六種出離之捨受百八受︰過去三十六受,未來三十六受,現在三十六受。)

Vedayita,【中】受,感覺,經驗。

Vedi, ([vidati = 知道] 的【過】)曾知道。

Vedikā, vedī,【陰】月臺,欄杆。

Vedita, (vedeti 的【過) 已被感受,已被感覺,已被感知。

Vediyati (vid+i+ya)(pass. caus.), 被感覺,被體驗。【現vediyamāna, vedayamāna(正在體驗、正在感受)

Vedetivedayati (vid +esk. vedayati), 【使】感受,感覺,感知,(直譯:使)。【過】vedesi。【現vedenta。【過Vedita【獨】vedetvāveditabba

Vedeha,【形】韋提訶國 (Videha) 的。Vedehamuni﹐韋提訶牟尼。(S.16.11.、雜阿含1144經以此名稱呼阿難尊者。) SA.16.10./II,175.Vedehamuninoti paṇḍitamunino. Paṇḍito hi ñāṇasakhātena vedena īhati sabbakiccāni karoti, tasmā “vedeho”ti vuccati.  Vedeho ca so muni cāti, vedehamuni.(鞞提訶牟尼︰智者牟尼。智者努力以智慧、知識做所應做的事,因此稱為鞞提訶鞞提訶結合牟尼,為鞞提訶牟尼)

Vedehīputta,【陽】韋提訶國公主的兒子。

Vedha,【陽】vedhana,【中】刺穿,射擊,刺。

Vedhati (vidh+a), 戰慄,震動。【過】vedhi。【過vedhita

Vedhī,【陽】射擊者,打擊者。

Venayika,【陽】1.虛無主義者。2.律師(戒律的專家)

Veneyya,【形】易於指導的,易於管教的。

Vepulla,【中】vepullatā,【陰】完全發展,豐富。

Vebhagiya,【形】適合被分發的。

Vebhabya(=vebhavya) (<vibhāvin)【中】審察,細究。【陰】vebhabyā(=vebhabyā)

Vebhassi (=vibhassikatā),【陰】流言(i. e. gossiping Vin.IV,241.)

Vema(< vāyati2, cp. Sk. veman (nt.)),【陽】織布梭,織布機(loom or shuttle)

Vemajjha(< vi+majjha),【中】中央中心(middle, centre)

Vematika(< vimati),【形】可疑的(in doubt, uncertain, doubtful)

Vematta (< vi+matta1),【中】vemattatā,【陰】差異,區別,古譯:勝如(difference, distinction)vemattatā, 種種性

Vemātika(vi+°mātika),【形】同父異母的(having a different mother)

Vemānika,【形】有仙女宮殿的。vemānikapeta,陽】半受罪半享樂的陰精。參考 Vimānapeta

Veyyaggha(< vyaggha)﹐【形】虎的(belonging to a tiger)

Veyyagghin(=veyyaggha)【形】虎的(J.IV.347.)

Veyyattiya, Veyyattika, (< veyyatti= viyatti)【中】明朗成就(distinction, lucidity; accomplishment)paññāveyyattiya, 智成就。

Veyyākaraa(=vyākaraa),【中】解釋(answer, explanation, exposition)。【陽】懂文法者,得講解文法的人(one who is expert in explanation or answer, a grammarian)cattāro pañha-vyākaraṇā四記答(four ways of answering questions)ekasa-vyākaraṇīyo pañho 決定記論(或應一向記問——有的問題應予明確、決定的回答)(there are questions requiring a direct answer)vibhajja-vyākaraṇīyo pañho 分別記論(或應分別記問——有的問題應分不同的情況,予以分別不同的解答)(there are questions requiring an explanation)paipucchā-vyākaraṇīyo pañho 詰問記論(或應反詰記問——有的問題應以反問的方式,逐步引導,使其明白)(there are questions to be answered by counter-questions)

Veyyābādhika(=vyābādhika),【形】引起受傷的,使壓抑的(causing injury or oppression, oppressive, annoying (of pains))

Veyyāyika(< vyaya),【中】費用(money to defray expenses, means Vin.II,157.)

Veyyāvacca,【中】責任,服務,傭金(service, attention, rendering a service; work, labour, commission, duty)veyyāvaccakara,【陽】veyyāvatika,【陽】執事人(佛教僧團有十七種執事人),隨從,僕人,等候的人。gihiveyyāvacca,【中】為在家人服務。

Vera(cp. Sk. vaira, der. fr. vīra), 【陽】【中】敵意,憎恨,怨(hatred, revenge, hostile action, sin)akusalaverassa, 不善之怨(殺、盜、淫、妄、酒等五種怨)Aha avero homi.(願我無怨)pañcaverāni, 五怨(無戒之人)

Verajjaka(=nānāverajjaka) (< vi+rajja),【形】各種不同國家的(a variety of kingdoms or provinces)

Veramaṇī(<viramaa; cp. the odd form BSk. vīramaṇī) ,【陰】離,禁止(abstaining from (veramaṇī-), abstinence)KhA.24.tāva vera maatīti veramaṇī, vera pajahati, vinodeti, byantīkaroti, anabhāva gametīti attho.  Viramati vā etāya karaabhūtāya veramhā puggaloti, vi-kārassa ve-kāra katvā veramaṇī. (乃壓倒怨敵,是捨棄、除去、消滅怨敵使令不存在之義;或者〈就如〉有人藉由器具離怨敵。由vi-字誦成ve-字而成離。)KhA.24~25.Atthato pana veramaṇīti kāmāvacarakusalacittasampayuttā virati, sā(=PTS yā) pāṇātipātā viramantassa “yā tasmi samaye pāṇātipātā  1ārati 2virati 3paivirati 4veramaṇī 5akiriyā 6akaraa 7anajjhāpatti 8velā-anatikkamo 9setughāto”ti evamādinā (vibha.704) nayena vibhage vuttā.(從義上(所謂)的『離』乃欲界善心相應的離。在《分別論》所說的:『在那離殺生之時,他1遠離(ārati)2(virati)3回避(paivirati)4(veramaṇī)5無所作(akiriyā)6不作為(akaraa)7不違犯(anajjhāpatti)8不超越界限(velā界限+an+atikkamo超越)9(惡緣之)橋。』

Veramba & Verambha (cp. BSk. vairambhaka), 【形】高海拔之風(attribute of the wind, a wind blowing in high altitudes)

Verambhavāta,【陽】(高海拔之)毘嵐風,旋猛風

Verika, Verī,【形】有敵意的,深藏仇恨的。【陽】敵人。

Verocana(=virocana, <virocaticp.vairocana太陽,音譯:毘盧遮那) ,【陽】太陽(the sun (lit. “shining forth”))

Velā,【陰】時間,海岸,界限,邊界。velātikkama,【陽】超越界限。

Vellita,【形】彎曲的,捲曲的。vellitagga,【形】有捲曲的頂端。

Vevacana,【中】渾名,同義字。

Vevaṇṇiya,【中】毀容,缺陷,畸形,變色,污染。

Vesa,【陽】外表,洋裝。

Vesamma,【中】不平等,不調和。

Vesākha(cp.Vedic vaiśākha),【陽】吠舍佉月(月份名,大約四月至五月之間,農曆316315)

Vesārajja(<visārada),【中】自信(perfect selfconfidence (which is of 4 kinds, M.I.71.), self-satisfaction, subject of confidence)cattāri vesārajjāni( catvāri vaiśāradyāni)四自信、四無所畏

Vesiyā, vesī,【陰】妓女(a woman of low caste, a harlot, prostitute)vesi-dvāra, 妓院(a pleasure house)vesiyā-gocara, (asking alms from a prostitute’s house)

Vesma(Vedic veśman, fr.viś to entersee visati),【中】住宅。

Vessa(Vaisya),【陽】(印度四大階級的第三級成員,從事農、牧、工、商等生產事業的一般平民階級)毘舍、吠奢、鞞舍、商估(merchant)、工師(technician)

Vessavaa(Vaiśravaa)﹐多聞天王,毘沙門。四大王天之一,在北方多聞天王統治諸夜叉(yakkha)

Vehāsa,【陽】天空。vehāsakui,【陰】二樓通風的房間。vehāsagamana,【中】經由空中。vehāsaṭṭha,【形】在空中的。

Veu(=Veu),陽】竹子。參考 Veu(竹子)daṇḍaveu﹐竹杖。

Veuriya(vaiḍūrya),【中】天青石、青金石(lapis lazuli),天青石色(天青石或孔雀頸部的顏色)

Vo1 (indecl.) a particle of emphasis, perhaps=eva, or =vo2 (as dative of interest).

Vo2 (cp. Vedic va; tumha 的附屬字(enclitic)), 對你們(to you),你們的(of you),由你們(by you)

Vo-(vi+ava- (vi+o-)), in many cases it simply represents ava- (=o-) with v as euphonic, as in vonata (=onata), voloketi, vokkanti, vokiṇṇa, voropeti, vosāpeti, vosāna, vossagga. In a few cases it corresponds to vi+ud-, as in vokkamati, vocchijjati, voyoga.

Vokāra,【陽】1.存在的成份(= vokārabhava)2.困擾。pañcavokārabhavā﹐五蘊有。catuvokārabhava﹐四蘊有(即無色界天的眾生)ekavokārabhava﹐一蘊有(無想天,只有色蘊)

Vokiṇṇa,【過】已覆蓋,已充滿,已混淆。vokiṇṇasukhadukkho﹐苦樂參半。

Vokkanta【過】進入,掉入,發生。參考 Okkanta

Vokkanti,陰】進入,形成,出現。參考 Okkanti

Vokkamati (vi+u +kam(kram)超越+a), 避開,偏離。【過】vokkami。【過vokkanta。【獨】vokkamma, vokkamitvā

Vocchijjati (vi+u +chid切斷+ya), 被切斷,停止(to be cut off)。【過】vocchijji。【過vocchinna。【獨】vocchijjitvāpp. neg. abbocchinna: see abbhocchinna. (=*avyucchinna).

Voṭṭhabbana, 確定。voṭṭhabbanacitta, 確定心確定或鑑別五識之一剛識知的目標。

Votthapana,【中】定義。

Vodaka,【形】無水的。

Vodapana,【中】vodapanā,【陰】清潔,洗淨。

Vodapetivodāyati (vi+u+dā+āpe), 使清潔,使純淨。【過】vodapesi

Vodāna,【中】純淨、明淨,神聖化。【反】sakilesa﹐【陽】煩惱,污染。

Vomissaka,【形】各種的,混合的。

Voropana,【中】剝奪。

Voropeti (vi+ava+rup毀滅+e), 剝奪,取走。【過】voropesi。【過voropeta, voropita。【現voropenta。【獨】voropetvāPārā.III,68.attāna jīvitā voropenti, aññamaññampi jīvitā voropenti.((他們)自斷其命,互斷其命。)

Voloketi (vi+ava+lok+e), 調查,仔細檢查。

Vosita,【形】完成的,完美的。

Vossagga, vosagga(=ossagga; ava+sj),【陽】vossajana,【中】作罷,放棄,移送,捐贈物(relinquishing, relaxation; handing over, donation, gift)

Vossajati (vi+ava+saj+a), 放棄,移交,撤回。【過】vossaji。【過vossaṭṭha。【獨】vossajitvā, vossajja

VoharatiVohāroti (vi+ava+har+a), 使用,表達,呼叫,交易,管理。【過】vohari。【過voharita。【現voharanta。【獨】voharitvā

Vohariyamāna,【現】正在叫做。

Vohāra,【陽】呼叫,世俗的表達,使用,貿易,法律學,現在的名稱。vohāravacana, 慣用語。

Vohārika,【陽】商人,法官。vohārikāmacca,【陽】首席法官。

Vya-= bya-(母音之前的vi-→vybyviyveyy)=vi-bya-viyaveyya-

Vyaggha(=byaggha),【陽】老虎。vyagghacamma【中】,老虎皮。

Vyañjana(< vi+añj, cp. añjati2 & abbhañjati),【中】1.特徵,輔音,語詞,名稱,標記((accompanying) attribute, distinctive mark, sign, characteristic)2.字母(letter (of a word) as opposed to attha (meaning, sense, spirit), (Cp. savyañjana); or padavyañjana, 文句。purisavyañjana, 男性器官(membrum virile Vin.II,269.)

Vyañjayati (vi+añj+a), 指出,表現的特色,指示。【過】vyañjayi。【過vyañjita

Vyatta, Byatta,【形】學習的,完成的,顯然的,明白的。vyattara,【形】更有學問的,更有技術的。vyattā,【陰】聰明,學問。

Vyathati (vyath+a), 壓迫,使服從。【過】vyathi。【過vyathita

Vyantīkaroti, byantīkaroti (vi+anta+ī+kar+o), 廢止,除去,免除。【過】vyantīkari。【過vyantīkata。【獨】vyantīkaritvā, vyantīkatvā

Vyantībhavati (vi+anta+ī+bhū+a), 停止,終了,結束。【過】vyantībhavi。【過vyantībhūta

Vyantībhāva,【陽】殲滅,破壞。

Vyapagacchati (vi+apa+gam+a), 離開。【過】vyapagami。【過vyapagata

Vyappatha,【中】1.duty, occupation, activity (khīṇavyappatha of the Arahant: having no more duties, cp. vyappathi). -- 2. way of speaking, speech, utterance Sn 163, 164 (contrasted to citta & kamma; cp. kāya, vācā, mano in same use), by vacīkamma; & in defn of “speech” (see under byappatha); DhsA 324 (expld as vākya-bheda).

Vyappathi (cp. Sk. vyāpti) ,【陰】活動、佔有、責任(activity, occupation, duty)

Vyappanā (vi+appanā),【陰】極安止(的心)(注意的)焦點(application (of mind), focussing (of attention)

Vyamha,【中】天宮。

Vyaya,【陽】【中】衰老,損失,衰退,開支。參考 Vaya

Vyasana(<vy+as)(=Byasana)﹐【中】不幸,毀滅,破壞(misfortune, misery, ruin, destruction, loss)

Vyākata(vyākaroti‘解釋的【過),已解釋,已宣佈,已回答。

Vyākaraa(byākaraa),【中】文法,解釋,答案,宣佈。ekasabyākaraṇīya pañha ekasena byākaroti, vibhajjabyākaraṇīya pañha vibhajja byākaroti, paipucchābyākaraṇīya pañha paipucchā byākaroti hapanīya pañha hapeti. (該作一向(決定的)解答之問,以一向解答;該分別解答之問,分別解答;該反詰解答之問,反詰解答;該置之問,置之。)(決定的解答:又稱為一向記’) (AA.5.92.)aññābyākaraṇānīti arahattabyākaraṇāni.(記說具知︰阿羅漢之記說。)

Vyākariyamāna,【現】正在解釋,正在宣佈。

Vyākaroti(=byākaronti)(vi+ā+kar+o), 解釋,宣佈,回答。【過】vyākari。【過vyākata。【現byākaronta。【獨】vyākaritvā

Vyākhyāti (vi+ā+khyā+a), 宣佈,解釋。【過】vyākhyāsi。【過vyākhyāta

Vyākula,【形】不知所措的,困惑的,混亂的。

Vyādha,【陽】獵人。

Vyādheti (vyādhati<vyath的【未】), 病,惱。【未】vyādhayissti。【過vyādhita。【被】vyādhyati

Vyādhi(=byādhi),【陽】疾病。vyādhita,【形】受疾病影響的。

Vyāpaka,【形】裝滿,撒布,遍佈。

Vyāpajjati (vi+ā+pad+ya),惱怒,傷害,失敗。【過】vyāpajji

Vyāpajjanā(<vyāpajjati),【陰】激怒,惡意(illwill)

Vyāpatti (<vyāpajjati),【陰】傷害(injury, harm),惡意(malevolence)

Vyāpanna (vyāpajjati 的【過), 已出毛病,已有惡意,已惱怒。

Vyāpāda(<vi+ā+pad去﹑走=byāpāda),【陽】惡意,惡毒,拂逆,逆向行。

Vyāpādeti (vi+ā+pad+e), 破壞,惱怒。

Vyāpāra,【陽】職業,工作,生意。

Vyāpārita (vyāpāreti 的【過), 已鼓動,已催促。

Vyāpita, (Vyāpeti‘遍及的【過) 遍及,使充滿,散播。

Vyāpeti (vi+ap+e), 遍及,使充滿,散播。【過】vyāpesi。【現vyāpenta。【獨】vyāpetvā

Vyābādheti (vi++bādh騷擾+e), 傷害,阻隔。【過】vyābādhesi。【過vyābādhita。【獨】vyābādhetvāyoha na kiñci vyābādhemi tasa vā thāvara vā我不害任何弱者或強者。

Vyābhagī,【陰】扁擔(carrying pole)

Vyāma (=byāma),【陽】尋(古代長度單位,八尺叫一尋),從頭頂到腳底的長度

Vyāvaa(=byāvaa),【形】忙碌的,佔領的,活躍的,參加的,抱定決心要實行的。

Vyāsatta,【形】使依戀的。

Vyāsecana,【中】灑水。

Vyāharati (vi+ā+har+a), 做聲,談話,說話。【過】vyāhari。【過vyāhaa,【獨】vyāharitvā

Vyūha,【陽】排列,軍隊的配列。

 

S

 

S, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第三十個輔音字母。發音好像漢語中的 s

Sa1(= sva 梵文)﹐【形】自己的。(sehi kammehi = 由自己的業)

Sa2 (cp. Sk. sa (sa), sā) (= so, ta 的【主、單】), 尤其是【陽】經常用這詞形,例: Sa ve kāsāvam arahati(他確實值得領受袈裟的)[sa(..主格)] [ve確實] [kāsāvam袈裟(..業格, a.)] [arahati值得領受(3)]base of the Nom. of the demonstr. pron. that, he, she. The form sg. m. sa is rare (e. g. Dh 142; Sn 89).

Sa3(=saha, identical with sa°)接頭詞︰包括、和(“with,” possessed of, having, same as)在【合】中被弄短的詞形,例:sadevaka包括天神的。svājja =so ajjasvāha=so ahasvāya=so ayaso ma =so imasadhammika, 含有法(having common faith); sajāti, 同生(having the same origin). 【反】 a- , nir°sa-Inda, 與因陀羅(同在)(together with Indra); sa-uttara, 有上 (having something beyond, inferior;【反】anuttara無上)sa-uttaracchada (& sachadana), 有天篷(a carpet with awnings above it)sa-udaka, 有水(with water, wet)sa-udariya, 同胞胎(born from the same womb, cp. Sodariya) sa-uddesa, 有解釋(with explanation)sa-upanisa, 同它的因(together with its cause, causally associated)sa-upavajja, 有助手(having a helper)sa-upādāna, 有執取(showing attachment)sa-upādisesa, 有餘(having the substratum of life remaining;【反】anupādisesa無餘)sa-ummi, 有波浪(roaring of the billows)

Sa4 (Vedic sva & svaya (=P. saya))作反身代名詞own (Loc. samhi lohite, Acc. sa his own); (sa bhātara); (Acc. san tanu); Instr. sena, on one’s own, by oneself.

Sa5【形】(=sat)真實的。例:sappurisa真人(實人、善人)

Sa-upādāna,【形】表現執著的。

Sa-upādisesa,【形】有殘餘生機的。

Sa-upādisesa-nibbānadhātu﹐【陰】有餘涅槃界,阿羅漢所體驗的涅槃界,雖然一切煩惱已滅盡,但諸蘊還存在。註疏裡稱為「煩惱之滅盡」(kilesa-parinibbāna)《如是語經》Itivuttaka“Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araha hoti khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasayojano sammadaññā vimutto. Tassa tiṭṭhanteva pañcindriyāni yesa avighātattā manāpāmanāpa paccanubhoti, sukhadukkha paisavedeti. Tassa yo rāgakkhayo, dosakkhayo, mohakkhayo” aya vuccati, bhikkhave, sa-upādisesā nibbānadhātu.(於此,諸比丘!阿羅漢比丘已漏盡,住立(梵行),應作已作,捨重擔,達自利(=阿羅漢),遍盡有結,以正智而解脫。他安住於五根,離傷害事,經驗喜與不喜,能感樂與苦,他貪盡、瞋盡、癡盡,諸比丘!這稱為有餘涅槃界。)《本事經》:「漏盡心解脫,任持最後身,名有餘涅槃。」(T4.673a)

Saṁ-﹐【字首】共,集,合,正,同時。

Sanyāsin()﹐遁世者。

Sakilesa﹐【陽】煩惱,污染(impurity, defilement, corruption, sinfulness)【反】:vodāna【中】明淨【反】:visuddhi【陰】清淨。

Sakiliṭṭha (sakilissati的【過), 煩惱、污染(stained, tarnished, impure)

Sausanatā﹐【形】失憶性,失念。

Sakilissati (sa+kilissati, cp. BSk. Sakliśyati) 煩惱,污染(to become soiled or impure)【過sakiliṭṭha。【使】sakileseti

Sayata(& saññata)(pp. of sayamati),【形】抑制自制(克制自己)sayata,【形】抑制心意的。Sayatacārī,【形】自制而住的。佛陀對比丘的期許則是︰《法句經》(Dh.v.362)︰「手已完全調御(sayato),腳已完全調御,及言語已完全調御,最高的()已完全調御,內在得樂(ajjhattarato)、已定(samāhito)、孤獨(eko)、完全滿足(santusito)名比丘。

Sayama,【陽】sayamana,【中】抑制,克己,節制。sayamī,【陽】隱遁者,抑制五官的人。

Sayamati(sa+yamati), 抑制,練習克己(to practise self-control S I.209 (pāṇesu ca sayamāmase, “if we can keep our hands off living things”). pp. sayata. Caus. saññāmeti to restrain. Cp. paisayamati.

Sayameti (sa+yam+e), 抑制,練習克己。【過】sayamesi。【過sayamita。【現sayamenta。【獨】sayametvā

Sayujjati (sa+yuj連接+ya), 被聯合,被連接。【過】sayujji

Sayuta, Sayutta (Sayujjati的【過),已連接,已聯合,已綁在一起。

Sayūhati (sa+ūh+a), 形成一塊,形成一團,形成一堆。【過】sayūḷhi。【過sayūḷha

Sayoga(=saññoga),【陽】束縛,聯盟,協會,腳鐐,母音複合。

Sayojana(< sayuñjati),【中】連接,束縛,桎梏(bond, fetter S.IV,163 etc.; especially the fetters that bind man to the wheel of transmigration)sayojaniya,【形】對桎梏有用的。D.33./III,216.Tīṇi sayojanāni--sakkāyadiṭṭhi, vicikicchā, sīlabbataparāmāso(三結:有身見(personality-belief)、疑(sceptical doubt)、戒禁取(clinging to mere rules and ritual))。斷三結,即一、斷邪見結(diṭṭhi-sayojana),或斷身見(sakkāyadiṭṭhi),或我見(及我所見) DA.33./III,988.Sati rūpādibhede kāye diṭṭhi, vijjamānā vā kāye diṭṭhīti sakkāyadiṭṭhi.(等分離出來有身見,有身見存在(的見解),為有身見) 二、斷疑結(vicikiccha-sayojana):疑佛法僧三寶是深心、全然地歸依、信仰佛陀及賢聖僧這是有涅槃體驗者將心比心肯定聖者也一樣毫無疑問有涅槃體驗。三、斷戒禁取結(sīlabbataparāmāsa- sayojana )即斷受持無法達到解脫的戒律、成見、顛倒執。

Sn.(1108-9CS:1114-5)“Kisu sayojano loko, kisu tassa vicāraa. Kissassa vippahānena, nibbāna iti vuccati”(什麼是世界的束縛?怎樣考察它?拋棄什麼,才是人們所說的涅槃?)“Nandisayojano loko, vitakkassa vicāraa; Tahāya vippahānena, nibbāna iti vuccati”.(歡喜是世界的束縛,通過思想考察它,拋棄貪愛便是人們所說的涅槃。)

Sayojeti (sa+yuj連接+e), 參加,結合,綁。【過】sayojesi。【過sayojita。【現sayojenta,【獨】sayojetvā

Sarakkhati (sa+rakkh保護+a), 保衛,防止。【過】sarakkhi。【過sarakkhita。【獨】sarakkhitvā

Sarakkhanā,【陰】保衛,保護。

Saroceti (sa+roceti), 歡喜(to find pleasure in, only in aor.(poetical) samarocayi Sn.290, 306, 405; J.IV,471.

Savacana (sa+vacana) ,【中】句子(sentence DhsA.52.)

Savacchara(sa+vacchara; cp. Vedic savatsara),【中】年(a year)Nom. pl. savaccharāni J.II,128.

Savaṭṭakappa,【陽】世界的毀滅。

Savaṭṭati (sa一起+vat(vt)使轉動+a), 1.導致引生(to be evolved, to be in a process of evolution)2.毀滅(to fall to pieces, to come to an end, to pass away, perish, dissolve)。【過】savaṭṭiA.1.1./I,3.Nāha bhikkhave, añña ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppanno vā kāmacchando uppajjati uppanno vā kāmacchando bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya savattati. (我不見其他一法,如此(一法)能使未生欲貪生起欲貪,或已生欲貪增長擴大。)

Savaṭṭana,【中】旋轉,解散。

Savaḍḍha (Savaḍḍhati的【過), 已長大,已培養。

Savaḍḍhati (sa+vaḍḍh增長+a), 生長,增加。【過】savaḍḍhi。【現savaḍḍhamāna。【獨】savaḍḍhitvā

Savaḍḍhita, (Savaḍḍhati的【過), 已增加,已長大,已養育。

Savaḍḍheti (Savaḍḍhati的【使】), 養育,滋養,培養。【過】savaḍḍhesi。【過savaḍḍhita。【獨】savaḍḍhetvā

Savaṇṇā,【陰】說明,解釋,讚美。

Savaṇṇeti (sa一起+vaṇṇ稱讚+e), 說明,批評,盛讚(讚美有加)。【過】savaṇṇesi。【過savaṇṇita。【義】savaṇṇetabba。【獨】savaṇṇetvā

Savattati (sa+vat+a), 存在,導致(to lead (to), to be useful (for))。【過】savatti。【過savattitaPot. savatteyyanibbidāya, virāgāyanibbānāya savattati. e. g. D.I,189; II,251; III,130; S.V,80, 255; A III,83, 326.

Savattanika,【形】有益的,涉及的。

Savatteti (savattati 的【使】), 使繼續。【過】savattesi。【過savattita。【獨】savattetvā

Savaddha,】已長大,已培養。參考 Savaḍḍhasavaddhana,【中】生長,培養,成長。

Savara(sa+var(v)遮蓋),【陽】抑制。savaraa,【中】限制,障礙,關閉。

Savarati (sa+var遮蓋+a),覆蓋,關閉,抑制。【過】savari。【過savuta。【獨】savaritvāguttadvāro susavuto, 守護()門,善自關閉。完全圍(「在一切事已被完全圍,有恥, 這樣被叫做已被護者。」 S i73)

Savarī,【陰】夜晚。

Savasati (sa+vas+a), 交往,共處,同居。【過】savasi。【過savasita。【獨】savasitvā

Savāsa,【陽】1.同房。2.親密。3.性交。savāsaka,【形】同居的,共處一室的。

Savigga (Savijjati的【過), 已激動,已被恐懼所影響。

Savijjati (sa+vid+ya), 被發現,存在,被激動,被移動。【過】savijji。【現savijjamānaYe sakiliṭṭhā cakkhusotaviññeyyā dhammā sajvijjanti vā te Tathāgatassa no vā ti.(凡是眼、耳所識之污穢法,於如來是否存在呢?)

Savidahati (sa+vi+dhā+a), 安排,準備,下令。【過】savidahi。【過savidahita。【獨】savidahitvā。【現savidahamāna。【義】savidahitabba

Savidahana,【中】安排,下令。

Savidhāna,【中】安排,下令。

Savidhāya (Savidahati的【獨】), 安排了。savidhāyaka,【形】安排的人,處理的人。

Savidhātu (Savidahati 的【不】), 要安排,要下令。

Savibhajati (sa+vi+bhaj +a), 分開,分享。【過】savibhaji。【過savibhajitasavibhatta。【獨】savibhajja, savibhajitvā

Savibhajana,【中】savibhāga,【陽】分,分享。

Savibhatta,【過】已分好,已安排。

Savibhāgī,【陽】慷慨,大方,豪爽。

Savihita, (Savidahati 的【過) 已安排,已下令,已準備。

Savuta, (savarati 的【過) 抑制。savutindriya,【形】已控制了五的。

Savega,【陽】悚懼,激動,宗教性的情緒。

Savejana,【中】情緒的因素,激動的因素。

Savejaniya,【形】易於引起情緒的,易於引起焦慮的。

Savejeti (sa+vij+e), 使激勵,使激動。【過】savejesi。【過savejita。【獨】savejetvā

Saseda (sa+seda) (cp.BSk sasvedaja)汗,濕。sasedaja﹐濕生(有情類生從濕氣出生)

Savohāra(sa+vohāra)﹐事業(business),交通(traffic)

Savohārati (denom.<savohāra) 貿易(to trade (with))【現Savohāramāna

sas﹐【字根I.】稱讚(to praise)

Sasagga,【陽】連絡,結交。

Sasaṭṭha(pp. of sa+sj發出),【過】已和混合,已參加,已結交。S.22.3./III,11.Idha, gahapati, ekacco gihīhi sasaṭṭho viharati sahanandī sahasokī, sukhitesu sukhito, dukkhitesu dukkhito, uppannesu kiccakaraṇīyesu attanā tesu yoga āpajjati.(居士!在此,有一類(出家)人與在家混雜居住,同喜,同愁,於樂中樂,於苦中苦,於生起作當作的事,自己陷入其中。)

Sasatta,【過】已附著,已執著。

Sasandati (sa+sand+a), 適合,同意,一起跑。【過】sasandi。【過sasandita。【獨】sasanditvā

Sasandeti (sasandati的【使】), 使適宜,比較。【過】sasandesi。【獨】sasandetvā

Sasappati (sa++sap服務+a), 向前爬,爬行,慢慢地移動。【過】sasappi。【獨】sasapitvā

Sasappana,【中】扭動,掙扎。

Sasaya(Vedic saṁśaya) ,【陽】疑惑、憂慮(doubt(=vicikicchā))aññamañña mukhāni oloketvā sasayapakkhandehi,, 面面相覷後,陷入疑惑。

Sasarati (sa+sar(s)動轉+a), 不斷地到處移動,輪迴。【過】sasari。【過sasarita。【獨】sasaritvā

Sasaraa,【中】到處移動,徘徊。

Sasādeti (sa+sad+e), 置在一邊,擱置,延期。

Sasāra (sa+sar(s)動轉),【陽】繼續旅行,輪迴。sasāracakka,【中】輪迴的輪子。sasāradukkha,【中】輪迴的苦。sasārasāgara,【陽】輪迴的大海。

Sasijjhati (sa+siddh+ya), 被實現,成功,【過】sasijjhi。【過sasiddha

Sasita (sasati 的【過), 已期望,已盼望。

Sasiddhi,【陰】成功。

Sasibbita (sasibbati 的【過), 已縫紉,已交織cf. parisasibbita (pari+pp. of sasibbati), sewn together, entwined DhA.III,198.

Sasīdati (sa+sad+a), 下沉,灰心,消極,變弱。【過】sasīdi。【現sasīdamāna。【獨】sasīditvā

Sasīdana,【中】沉沒。

Sasīna,【過】已下跌。

Sasuddha,【過】已純粹。sasuddhagahaika,【形】純淨的血統。

Sasuddhi,【陰】純淨。

Sasūcaka 【形】指出的。

Sasedaja,【形】濕生的。

Saseva,【陽】sasevanā,【陰】結交。

Sasevati (sa+ sev服侍、聯合+a), 結交(台語:交陪kau pue5),參加。【過】sasevi。【過savita。【現sasevamāna。【獨】sasevitvā

Sasevī,【形】結交的人。

Saskta, 【梵語】梵語(原意︰整理好的)。梵語似乎是人工組成的語言。唐玄奘《大唐西域記》卷二說︰「詳其文字﹐梵天所制﹐原始垂則﹐四十七言(47個字母)。」梵語這個名詞﹐可能就代表印度語言學者早有的想法。不過﹐梵語一詞在中國並不是一開始就有的﹐《梁高僧傳》卷一《安清傳》說︰「於是宣譯眾經﹐改胡為漢。」「胡」字在同書的元﹑明本作﹐用代替﹐表示中國學者對梵語有了進一步認識。梵語元音分簡單元音﹑二合元音﹑三合元音﹐輔音分喉音﹑腭音﹑頂音﹑齒音﹑脣音﹑半元音﹑噝音和氣音等。
        
名詞有性(陽性﹑陰性﹑中性)﹑數(單數﹑雙數﹑複數)﹑格(體格﹑業格﹑具格﹑為格﹑從格﹑屬格﹑依格﹑呼格)的變化。
        
動詞變位包括單數﹑雙數﹑複數﹔人稱有第一﹑第二﹑第三人稱﹔時間分現在時﹑未完成時﹑完成時﹑不定過去時﹑將來時﹑假定時﹔語態有主動﹑中間﹑被動﹔語氣分陳述式﹑虛擬式﹑命令式﹑祈使式(不定過去時的虛擬語氣)﹔語尾分原始和派生兩種。

  義淨在《梵語千字文》的序言中說:“並是當途要字﹐但學得此﹐則餘語皆通﹐不同舊千字文﹐若兼悉曇章讀梵本﹐一兩年間即堪翻譯矣﹐但是﹐這是難以做到的﹐其後還有一些書﹐如《翻梵語》﹑《翻譯名義集》等﹐也只是單詞對譯一類的書﹐從《高僧傳》中可以看出﹐唐代一些佛教寺廟教授梵語﹐至於用什麼課本﹐怎樣教﹐我們都不清楚。(錄自︰http://db2.library.ntpu.edu.tw/cpedia/Content.asp?ID=50018)

現代印度語為印地語,印地語標準語有母音11  ,輔音43個。54個音位中,有1個母音和5個輔音是外來音,只使用於外來語中。印地語原有的10個母音都有對應的鼻化形式。輔音中不但清塞音、清塞擦音等有對應的送氣音,濁塞音、濁塞擦音、閃音等也都有對應的送氣音。送氣音和不送氣音有區別意義的作用。一般沒有重音,也沒有聲調。語法比梵語大大簡化,名詞有陰性、陽性和單數、複數的範疇。在少數代詞中還保留了格的殘餘形式。名詞格的形式已經消失。句中名詞或代詞跟其他詞之間的關係是在名詞或代詞後面用後置詞來表示。名詞或代詞等帶有後置詞時,其形式有一定的變化。動詞除有人稱、性、數等範疇外,還有體、時、式、態等範疇。句子的基本語序爲主語賓語謂語。辭彙方面,基本詞彙大部分是從梵語演變而來的。各專業學科的術語,近來的趨向是直接取自梵語,或用梵語構詞法創立新的梵語詞。在穆斯林統治時期,印地語吸收了大量波斯語和阿拉伯語詞。英國統治時期,它又吸收了大量英語詞語,至今還在不斷地從英語吸收新的詞語。在吸收外來語同時,還吸收了外來語的一些構詞手段。(http://baike.baidu.com/view/65810.htm)

Sahāni (sa-hāni( sk.hā ), 【陰】損減、減退。

Sahaa, (saharati 的【過) 已收集,已接合,已折疊起來。

Sahata1 (pp. of sa+han),【形】結實的,緊密的(firm, compact)

Sahata2 (pp. of sa+h), 已移動,已破(removed, destroyed, visahata)

Saharaa,【中】聚集,折疊。

Saharati (sa+har+a), 收集,接合,折疊起來。【過】sahari。【過sahaa, saharita。【現saharantasaharamāna。【獨】saharitvā

Saharāpeti, 【使】被剃除。saharāpeyya, 3s.opt.

Sahāra,【陽】刪節,編輯。sahāraka,【形】接合的。

Sahārima,【形】活動的。

Sahita(pp. of sandahati具有、伴隨< sa+dhā),【形】裝備的,持有的。sahitā,【陰】連接,語調的和諧。anatthasahito, 不具利益

sak(śak)I【字根V.】能幹(to be able)

sakk﹐【字根VI.】能幹(to be able)

Saka,【形】自己的。【陽】親戚。【中】自己的財産。sakamana,【形】歡喜的。

Sakakha,【形】可疑的。

Sakaa,【陽】【中】手推車,四輪馬車。sakaabhāra, sakaavāha,【陽】一滿車(的裝貨量)sakaavyūba,【陽】車形陣(的軍陣)

Sakaṇṭaka,【形】多刺的。

Sakadāgāmī,【陽】斯陀含(一來,二果聖人)

Sakabala,【形】(saka+bala:) 自己的力量,(sa+kabala:) 口中有食物的。

Sakamma,【中】自己的責任。sakammaka,【形】及物的(動詞)

Sakaraṇīya,【形】仍然有點事要做的人(one who still has something to do)

Sakala,【形】全部的,整個的。

Sakalikā,【陰】碎片。

Sakāsa,【陽】鄰近,出現。

Sakicca,【中】自己的事情。

Sakiñcana,【形】有世間的執著的。

Sakideva﹐一時。(=ekāvajanena)

Saki,【副】一次。

Sakīya,【形】自己的。

Sakua,【陽】鳥。sakuagghī,【陽】鷹。sakuṇī,【陰】母鳥,母鷹

Sakunta,【陽】鳥。

Sakka1(<śak, cp. Sk. śakya),【形】能幹的(台語:有才調u7 cai5 tiau7),可能的(able, possible)sasakka (=sa3+sakka)盡可能(as much as possible)

Sakka2(Śakya),【陽】釋迦,釋迦族的人。釋迦族有五姓:瞿曇(Gotama;梵Gautama)、甘蔗(巴;梵Ikvāku)、日種(Suriya-vasa;梵Sūriya-vaṃśa)、釋迦(SakkaŚākya)、舍夷(巴;梵Sākī)

《中部注》:Sīhahanurañño(獅子顎王,古譯:獅子頰王)的五子:Suddhodano(淨飯王,釋迦牟尼佛之父), Sukkodano(白飯王), Sakkodano (釋迦飯王), Dhotodano (純飯王,古譯:斛飯王), Amitodano (無量飯王,古譯:甘露飯王,甘露的巴利文是Amato). (Mūlapaṇṇāsa-aṭṭhakathā, CS:p.1.366;《律部》Pācityādiyojanāpg.98.;《律部》Sāratthadīpanī-ṭīkā(tatiyo bhāgo) pg.3.78)。《經集注》Suttanipāta-aṭṭhakathā, (CS:p.2.88)的順序不同:Suddhodano, Amitodano, Dhotodano, Sakkodano, Sukkodano.《中部注》(MA.14./II,61.)說:摩訶男及阿那律是兄弟,世尊的小叔父之子。淨飯王、白飯王、釋迦飯王、純飯王、無量飯王五位是親兄弟,無量公主是他們的姐妹,帝沙上座是她的兒子。如來與難陀(Mahāpajāpatī的兒子,DhpA.v.391.)上座是淨飯王之子。摩訶男及阿那律是白飯王之子。阿難陀上座是無量飯王之子,世尊最年輕的堂弟。摩訶男是比較老(資格)的斯陀洹的聲聞弟子。(Mahānāmoti Anuruddhattherassa bhātā Bhagavato cuapituputto. Suddhodano Sukkodano Sakkodano Dhotodano Amitodanoti ime pañca janā bhātaro. Amitā nāma devī tesa bhaginī. Tissatthero tassā putto. Tathāgato ca Nandatthero ca Suddhodanassa puttā, Mahānāmo ca Anuruddhatthero ca Sukkodanassa. Ānandatthero Amitodanassa, so Bhagavato kaniṭṭho. Mahānāmo mahallakataro sakadāgāmī ariyasāvako.波逸提等解說》說:釋迦飯王、純飯王之子不明(Sakkodanadhotodanāna puttā apākaṭā.)另外提到「無量(公主)及巴莉達滴(公主)兩位是姐妹」(Amitā, Pālitāti(Pāmitā) dve bhaginiyo.) (Pācityādiyojanā,pg.98)《說一切有部》傳說:提婆達多是無量飯(甘露飯)王之子(毗奈耶破僧事卷二);《化地部》傳說:提婆達多是白飯王之子(五分律卷十五)

 

獅子顎王(Sīhahanurañño)

 

淨飯王

Suddhodano

白飯王

Sukkodano

釋迦飯王

Sakkodano

純飯王

Dhotodano

無量飯王

Amitodano

巴利三藏

1.如來

2.難陀(Mv.82)

1.摩訶男

2.阿那律

 

 

阿難

說一切有部

1.如來

2.難陀

1.婆波

2.跋提

 

1.摩訶男

2.阿那律

1.阿難

2.提婆達多

化地部、

大智論

1.如來

2.難陀

1.阿難

2.提婆達多

 

1.摩訶男

2.阿那律

1.婆波

2.跋提

Sakka3(śakya),【陽】帝釋(沙咖)天王。Sakko devāna Indo﹐帝釋,又作釋提恒因,即忉利天之主。

Sakkacca(ger. of sakkaroti),【獨】尊敬了、珍惜了(respectfully),仔細地(carefully)sakkaccakārī,【陽】小心行動者。sakkacca,【副】小心地,徹底地。

Sakkata (sakkaroti 的【過), 已尊敬,已按時照顧。

Sakkareyyāna

Sakkatta,【中】天王的地位。

Sakkatvā, [sakkaroti尊敬] 的【獨】。

Sakkarīyati (sakkaroti尊敬的【被】), 被尊敬。【現sakkariyamāna

Sakkaroti (sa+kar+o), 尊敬,尊敬地對待,受到周到地招待。【過】sakkari。【過sakkata。【現sakkaronta。【義】sakkaritabba, sakkātabba。【獨】sakkatvā, sakkaritvā。【不】sakkaritu, sakkātu

Sakkā,【無】那是可能的。

Sakkāya(sat+kāya, cp.BSk.satkāya),【陽】已存在的身體(the body in being, the existing body or group; individuality)sakkāyadiṭṭhi,【陰】有身見,身見。DA.33./III,991.Sakkāyoti pañcupādānakkhandhā.( ‘有身即五取蘊)DA.33./III,988.Sati rūpādibhede kāye diṭṭhi, vijjamānā vā kāye diṭṭhīti sakkāyadiṭṭhi.(等分離出來有身見,有身見存在的,為有身見)

Sakkāra (sat+kar(k))(satkāra ),【陽】款待(hospitality),尊敬,恭敬(honour, worship)sakkāra karoti﹐表示尊敬(to pay reverence),告別(to say goodbye)

Sakkuṇāti (sak+uṇā), 能。【過】sakkui。【現sakkuanta。【獨】sakkuitvā

Sakkueyyatta,【中】可能性,能力。

Sakkoti (sak(śak)+o), (possible)。【3.過】asakkhisakkhisakkui;【1..過】asakkhimha & asakkhimhā。【現sakkonta。【現】sakkoti; sakkati [=class.Sk.śakyate]。【義】sakkueyya; archaic 1st pl.sakkuemu;【未】sakkhati; sakkhīti [=Sk.śakyati]、【3..未】sakkhinti Sn 28、【2..未】sagghasi、【3.未】sakkhissati。【未被】sakkueyya(【反】不可能asakkueyya (impossible))

Sakkharā,【陰】1.碎石(gravel, grit)2.陶瓷破片(potsherd)3.顆粒、晶體(grain, granule, crystal, in loasakkharā)4.粗糖((granulated) sugar)

Sakkhali, sakkhalikā,【陰】耳孔,薄片,魚鱗。

Sakkhi,【無】面對面,眼前。sakkhika, sakkhī,【形】目擊者,證人。sakkhidiṭṭha,【形】相見。sakkhipuṭṭha, 被請做證人。

Sakya,【形】釋迦族的。Sakyamuni,【陽】釋迦牟尼(直譯:釋迦族的行者)samaiyo sakyadhītaro, 釋迦沙門尼。

Sakha, sakhi,【陽】朋友。Sakhā, sakhī,【陰】女朋友。sakhitā,【陰】友誼(a companion, friend)Nom. sakhā ; Acc. sakhāra; & sakha; Instr. sakhinā; Abl. sakhārasmā; Gen. sakhino; Voc. sakhā; Nom. pl. sakhā ; & sakhāro; Gen. sakhīna & sakhāna. In compn with bhū as sakhi° & sakhī°, e. g. sakhibhāva friendship & sakhībhāva

Sakhila,【形】言語慈祥的。

Sakhibhāva, 友誼(friendship)

Sakhya,【中】友誼。

Sagabbha,【形】懷孕的。

Sagāha,【形】充滿兇猛的野獸。

Sagāmeyya,【形】來自相同的村莊的。

Sagārava,【形】表示尊敬的。sagāravava,【副】表示尊敬地。sagāravavatā,【陰】尊敬。

Sagotta,【形】同一個血統的,同族者。

Sagga,【陽】天,天堂,快樂的地方。saggakāya,【陽】天上的集會。saggamagga,【陽】登天之路。saggaloka,【陽】天上世界。saggasavattanika,【形】導致登天的。

Saggakathā,【陽】天論。DA.14./II,472.Saggakathanti aya saggo nāma iṭṭho kanto manāpo, niccamettha kīḷā, nicca sampattiyo labbhanti, cātumahārājikā devā navutivassasatasahassāni dibbasukha dibbasampatti pailabhanti, tāvatisā tisso ca vassakoiyo saṭṭhi ca vassasatasahassānīti evamādisaggaguapaisayutta katha. (說生天法(生天論)︰此名為天,乃可樂的、可愛的、可意的。此處隨時都在玩,得到成功,四大王天九百萬歲,享受天樂、天福。忉利天三千六百萬歲,如此等,屬於天功德之論。) D.14.-13/II,89.Iṭṭhoti sukho, kantoti kamanīyo, manāpoti manavaḍḍhanako.(可樂的︰快樂的。可愛的︰令人想要的。可意的(令人)意增加的。)

Saggua,【陽】好特質

sak(śañk)﹐【字根I.】懷疑(to doubt)

Sakacchikā(sakakikā)﹐【陰】掩腋衣、僧祇支、僧卻崎。《翻梵語》卷第三(T54.1005.1-2)︰「僧祇支,舊譯曰偏袒。持律者曰︰助身衣。聲論者云。正外國音。應言︰僧割侈。僧割︰翻為肩。侈︰翻為覆肩衣。總說無非助身衣。分別應以覆肩衣為正。」

Sakaṭīra,【中】垃圾堆。

Sakaḍḍhati (sa+kaddh+a), 收集拖拉。【過】sakaḍḍhi。【獨】sakahitvā

Sakati (sak(śañk)懷疑+-a), 懷疑,猶豫,不能確定。【過】saki。【過sakita。【現sakamāna。【獨】sakitvā

Sakanta, (sakamati 的【過) 經過,移動,移居

Sakantati (sa+kant+a),四處剪。【過】sakanti。【過sakantita。【獨】sakantitvā

Sakantika,【形】從一處移到另一處的。sakatikaroga,【陽】傳染病。

Sakappa(sa+ kapp (kp) 使適應),【陽】思惟,意圖,目的(thought, intention, purpose, plansakappa is defd at DhsA 124 as (cetaso) abhiniropanā, 心的固定)kāmasakappa,欲思。paripuṇṇasakappa, 充滿意圖。sarasakappa,記憶、希望。vyāpādasakappa, 瞋思惟。vihisasakappa, 害思惟。sammāsakappa,正思惟( right thoughts or intentions)tayo kusala-sakappā三善思(three kinds of wholesome thought)nekkhammasakappo出離思(the thought of renunciation)avyāpādasakappo無恚思(the thought of non-ill-will)avihisāsakappo無害思(the thought of harmlessness)Sakappeti (sa+kapp +e), 想像。【過】sakappesi。【過sakappita。【獨】sakappetvā

Sakamati [sa+kamati] 1. to go on, to pass over to (Acc.) 2. to transmigrate Miln.71 sq. (+paisandahati). -- grd. sakamanīyacīvara° a dress that should be handed over, which does not belong to one Vin IV.282. -- pp. sakantaCaus. sakāmeti (1) to pass over, to cause to go, to move, to shift Vin III.49, 58, 59. -- 2. to come in together (sensations to the heart) DhsA 264. -- Cp. upa°.

Sakamati (sa+kam(kram)超越+a), 經過,移動,移居(a passage, bridge)。【過】sakami。【過sakanta。【獨】sakamitvā, sakamma

Sakamana,【中】通道,橋,越過,從一處到另一處的移動。ehi me tva bhikkhu pake sakamo hohi(來吧!汝為我(倒臥)汙泥之上當作橋吧!)

Sakampati (sakapati sa+kamp+a), 戰慄,搖動。【過】sakampi。【過sakampita。【獨】sakampitvā

Sakara,【形】充滿喜悅的。【陽】混合。

Sakalana,【中】附加,徵收。

Sakā, sakāyanā(<śak),【陰】疑惑,不確定(doubt, uncertainty, fear)

Sakassara(doubtful, if Vedic sakasuka), 【形】可疑的(doubtful; wicked)

Sakāyati (sakā 的【派】; Dhtp 4 defines sak as “sakāya”), 懷疑,不能確定。【過】sakāyi。【過sakāyita

Sakāpeti(<sa+kp),準備(to prepare, get ready, undertake)

Sakāra(<sa+k),【陽】垃圾(rubbish)sakūṭa,【陽】垃圾堆。sakāracoa,【中】廢布(從垃圾堆拾到的碎布)sakāraṭṭhāna,【中】垃圾桶,垃圾堆。sakārayakkha,垃圾堆的夜叉。Pāci.IV,264(CS:p.346)Sakāra nāma kacavara vuccati.(︰。)

Sakāsa(sa+kāsa, of kāś, cp. okāsa),【形】出現,相似的(appearance; (-°) having the appearance of, like, similar)

Sakāsanā,【陰】解釋。

Sakiṇṇa (sakirati 的【過), 已充滿,已混合,已不純。

Sakita, (sakati 的【過)

Sakittana,【中】公佈,宣言。

Sakiliṭṭha, (Sakilissati的【過) 已被弄髒,已被摻雜。

Sakilissati (sa+kilis+ya), 被弄髒,被摻雜,被污染。【過】sakilissi。【獨】sakilissitvā

Sakilissana,【中】sakilesa,【陽】雜質,污穢。

Sakilesika,【形】有害的,腐敗的。

Sakī,【形】可疑的。

Sakīyati (sakati 的【被】), 被懷疑。

Saku,【陽】柱,長釘,標槍。sakupatha,【陽】用柱支撐著行走才能通過的路徑。

Sakucati (sa+kuc(kuc / kuñc) 畏怯+a), 使縮短,收縮,緊握。【過】sakuci。【過sakucita。【獨】sakucitvā【使】sakoceti

Sakucana,【中】收縮。

Sakupita (sakuppati 的【過), 已激怒。

Sakuika(< sa+*ku kuc, cp. kuila), 對摺、疊起(doubled up)

Sakuita(=Sakuika) ,【形】對摺的,縮小的,蜷縮的(doubled up, shrivelled, shrunk)

Sakuila (sa+kuila),【形】彎曲、捲(curved, winding)

Sakuṇḍita [pp. of sa+kuṇḍ: see kuṇḍa] 扭曲(contorted, distorted )

Sakuddha(sa+kuddha), (angry, D.II.262)

Sakula(sa+kula),【形】充滿的,擁擠的(crowded, full)

Saketa(sa+keta),【陽】【中】標誌,指定的地方,集合點。saketakamma,【中】同意(agreement)

Sakoca(sa+koca, of kuc),【陽】收縮(contraction (as a sign of anger or annoyance)),面部的歪扭(grimace (mukhasakoca)),扭曲(台語:歪篙趑趄uai ko chi7 chuah8)

Sakoceti (san+kuc+e)(caus. of sakucati), 縮短,扭曲(to contract)。【過】sakocesi。【過sakocita

Sakopa,【陽】擾亂,激動。

Sakha1(cp. Vedic śakha),【陽】1.犬齒貝,貝殼,海螺殼(a shell, conch; mother-of-pearl; a chank, commonly used as a trumpet)sakhakuṭṭhī,【陽】身有白癍的人(a kind of leper)sakhathāla,【陽】海螺殼製的容器(mother of pearl)sakhadhama,【陽】吹海螺殼的人(a trumpeter)sakhamuṇḍika,【中】貝禿刑(the shell-tonsure拷問刑法)

Sakha2一種水生植物(a water plant)

Sakha3﹐智慧。Nettippakaraa-ṭīkā(導論疏)Sakhāti paññā.  Paññāpadhānā ca bhāvanāti āha paisakhāya paipakkhabhāvanāyāti.(智慧:智慧。精進的智慧和修習的智慧,即所謂的以審察智和以對治的修習。)

Sakhata (sakharoti 的【過】;Sk. saskta), 已以爲條件,已修理,已由因素産生,有為的。sakhatadhātu,【陰】條件的境界。sakhatalakkhaa﹐有為相。A.3.47./I,152.Uppādo paññāyati, vayo paññāyati, hitassa aññathatta paññāyati. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi sakhatassa sakhatalakkhaṇānī”ti. (知生,知滅,知住之變動。諸比丘!此等三者,是有為之有為相。) asucisavkhata(< a-suci-savkhata),不淨積集。

Sakhati (cp. Sk. saskti,【陰】烹飪術(cookery M.I,448.)

Sakhaya(sa+khaya),【陽】破壞、消費、損失(destruction, consumption, loss, end (=vināsa DhA.III,421)

Sakharaa,【中】恢復,準備。

Sakharoti (sa+kar+o), 準備,集合。【過】sakhari。【過sakhata。【現sakharonta。【獨】sakharitvā。【使】sakharīyati

Sakhalika,【中】鏈(a chain)D.22./II,296.(M.10./I,58.)bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīra sivathikāya chaḍḍita aṭṭhikasakhalika samasalohita nhārusambandha …(猶如比丘應看丟棄在墓地的屍體(sarīra, n.s.Acc.)()筋連結(nhārusambandha, pp.(n.s.Acc.))的骨鏈(aṭṭhikasakhalika, n.s.Acc.),有肉有血(samasalohita, n.s.Acc.)…)

Sakhalikā(< sakhalācf. śṛṅkhalā),【陰】鏈(a chain)aṭṭhikasakhalika(D.22.M.10.),【中】骨鏈。devasakhalika, 魔術鏈。

Sakhā, sakhyā(sa+khyā),【陰】1.列舉,計算,評估(enumeration, calculation, estimating)2.數目(number)3.定義(denomination, definition, word, name) (=uddesa gaanā paññatti)sakha gacchati(to be styled, called or defined; to be put into words )sakha gata(cp. sakhāta)﹐稱為(is called)sakha na upeti (nopeti) cannot be called by a name, does not count, cannot be defined

Sakhāta(pp. of sakhāyati),【過】已決定,已估計(agreed on, reckoned)。在【合】中)所謂的,命名((-°) so-called, named))sakhātadhamma,已檢視或確認教法。

Sakhādati (sa+khād+a), 咀嚼。【過】sakhādi。【過sakhādita。【獨】sakhāditvā

Sakhāna,【中】計算,估計。

Sakhāya (sakhāti 的【獨】), 考慮了,區別了。A.9.2./IV,354.sakhāyeka paisevati, sakhāyeka adhivāseti, sakhāyeka parivajjeti, sakhāyeka vinodeti.(一思量後,即親近;一思量後,即堪忍;一思量後,即捨離;一思量後,即遣除。)

Sakhāra (saṁ+ kar(kṛ)),【陽】行(直譯:一起作、共作、共作物),必要的條件,有條件的事物,生死(《長阿含十報法經》(T1.237.1)、一卷本《雜阿含經》(T2.496.2-3498.3)佛說阿含正行經(T2.883.2)、《佛說忠心經》(T17.550.3)、《阿含口解十二因緣經》(T25.55.2)…等,直接把行蘊譯成「生死」。)sakhārakkhandha,【陽】行蘊。sakhāradukkha,【中】行苦。sakhāraloka,【陽】行世界,整個的創造(有為法)MA.44./II,364.Tattha kāyapaibaddhattā kāyena sakharīyati karīyati nibbattīyatīti kāyasakhāro. Vāca sakharoti karoti nibbattetīti vacīsakhāro. Cittapaibaddhattā cittena sakharīyati karīyati nibbattīyatīti cittasakhāro.

Sakhārupekkhāñāṇa,【中】行捨智。

Sakhitta, (Sakhipati的【過) 1.精簡,簡短(concise, brief)2.濃縮(concentrated, attentive)3.縮減(contracted, thin, slender)DA.22./III,776.MA.10./I,280.Sakhittanti thinamiddhānupatita, etañhi sakuitacitta nāma.(已昏昧︰即︰昏沈、呆滯降臨,這是蜷縮的心。)

Sakhipati (sa+khip+a), 1.堆積( to collect, heap together)2.抽離(to withdraw, put off)3.濃縮(to concentrate)4.刪減(to abridge, shorten)。【過】sakhipi。【現sakhipanta, sakhipamāna。【義】sakhipitabba。【獨】sakhipitvā。【不】sakhipitu

Sakhippa(sa+khippa),【形】快速(quick)

Sakhubhati(sa+khubh搖動+a), 被煽動,攪動(to be shaken, to be agitated, to stir)。【過】sakhubhi。【過sakhubhita。【獨】sakhubhitvā

Sakhubhana,【中】攪動,煽動。

Sakhepa(sa+khepa),【形】刪節,摘要,精簡的估計(abridgment, abstract, condensed account)atisakhepena desitattā,極精簡的說教。opp. vitthāra

Sakheyya1 (grd. of sakhāyati) ,【形】可計算的(calculable; only neg. asakheyya incalculable)sakheyyakāra,(acting with a set purpose)

Sakheyya2,【中】隱居處(a hermitage, the residence of Thera Āyupāla Miln.19, 22 etc.)

Sakhobha(san+khobha),【陽】騷動,動亂(shaking, commotion, upsetting, disturbance)

Sakhobheti (sa+khubh搖動+e), 擾亂,激起,推翻。【過】sakhobhesi。【過sakhobhita。【現sakhobhenta。【獨】sakhobhetva

Sakhyā﹐【陰】數目(cardinal numbers),列舉,計算,定義。eka(eka)= 1, di, dve(dvi)= 2,  ti, te, tayo(tri)= 3, chattāro(catur)= 4,  pañca (pañca(n))= 5,  cha(l),sa(l) (aṣ)= 6,  satta(saptan)= 7,  aṭṭha(aṣṭan)= 8,  nava(navan)= 9, dasa (daśan)= 10, ekadasa,ekarasa = 11,  dvadasa, barasa = 12,  telasa, terasa = 13, cuddasa,catuddasa = 14,  pañcadasa; paṇṇarasa = 15, solasa, sorasa = 16,  sattarasa ; sattadasa = 17,  aṭṭharasa; aṭṭhadasa = 18, ekunavīsati = 19,f. vīsati(viṃśati)= 20, ekavisati= 21,  dvāvīsati; bāvīsati = 22,  tevīsati = 23,  catuvīsati= 24,  pañcavīsati =25,  chabbīsati= 26,  sattavīsati = 27,  aṭṭhavīsati= 28,  ekūnatisati = 29,  tisati (triṃśat)= 30, ekatisa, ekatisati = 31, dvātisati; bāttisati = 32, tettisati = 33, catuttisati = 34, pañcatisati = 35, chattisati = 36,  sattatisati = 37,  aṭṭhatisati = 38,  ekūnacattāḷīsati = 39,  cattāḷīsati(catvāriṃśat)=40, ekacattāḷīsati=41,  dvicattāḷīsati=42,  tecattāḷīsati=43, catucattāḷīsati=44,  pañcacattāḷīsati=45, chacattāḷīsati=46,  sattacattāḷīsati=47,  aṭṭhacattāḷīsati=48, ekūnapaṇṇāsā =49,  paṇṇāsā(pañcāśat)=50, ekapaṇṇāsā=51, dvepaṇṇāsā=52, tepaṇṇāsā=53, catupaṇṇāsā=54, pañcapaṇṇāsā=55,  chapaṇṇāsā=56,  sattapaṇṇāsā=57,  aṭṭapaṇṇāsā=58,  ekūnasaṭṭhi=59,  saṭṭhi(aṣṭi)=60,  ekasaṭṭhi=61, dvāsaṭṭhi; dvisaṭṭhi=62,  tesaṭṭhi ; tisaṭṭhi= 63, catusaṭṭhi = 64,  pañcasaṭṭhi = 65,  chasaṭṭhi = 66,  sattasaṭṭhi = 67,  aṭṭhasaṭṭhi= 68, ekūnasattati= 69, sattati(saptati)= 70, ekasattati= 71,  dvāsattati; dvisattati = 72,  tesattati; tisattati =73, catusattati =74,  pañcasattati = 75,  chasattati = 76,  sattasattati= 77,  aṭṭhasattati= 78,  ekūnāsīti=79 asīti(aśīti)=80ekāsīti=81,  dveāsīti; dviyāsīti= 82,  teāsīti ; tiyāsīti= 83, caturāsīti =84,  pañcāsīti = 85,  chāsīti =86,  sattāsīti= 87,  aṭṭhāsīti= 88,  dvāsattati; ekūnanavuti=89 navuti(navati)=90eka= 91,  dvānavuti ; dvinavuti = 92,  tenavuti; tinavuti = 93, catunavuti = 94,  pañcanavuti =95,  channavuti = 96,  sattanavuti = 97,  aṭṭhanavuti = 98,  ekūnasata =99,  sata(śata)=100ekādhikasata=101aṭṭhuttarasata=108dasuttarasata=110diyaḍḍhasata=150dvisata=200aḍḍhateyeyasataṁ(tiyaḍḍhasata) =250tisata=300catusata=400pañcasata=500chasata=600sattasata=700aṭṭhasata=800navasata=900sahassaṁ(sahasra)=1,000pañcasatādhikasahassaṁ(diyaḍḍhasahassaṁ) =1,500 dvisahassa(dve sahasre)=2,000dasasahassa(ayuta)=10,000caturasītisahassaṁ(caturasītisahastrai)=84,000, satasahassa(=lakkha, laka)=100,000dasalakkha=1,000,000satalakkha(=koi梵巴同﹐f.)=10,000,000dasakoi =100,000,000satakoi (koisata)=10,000,000,000pādo=¼aḍḍho=½aḍḍhuḍḍho=¾

Saga(< sañj: see sajjati1),【陽】附著,執著(cleaving, clinging, attachment, bondthe five sagas are rāga, dosa, moha, māna, and diṭṭhi, Thag. 633=Dhp. 370; DhA.IV,187; seven sagas, It. 94; Nd1 91, 432; Nd2 620.)sagamupaccagā(saga+m+upaccagā)﹐【三..過完】超越執著。

  sagātiga, 超越執著(one who has overcome attachment, free from attachment, an Arahant)

Sagaa (sa+agaa),【形】有罪的(sinful Sn.279. cp. Sāṅgaa)

Sagacchati (sa+gam+a), 偶遇集合(to come together, to meet with)。【過】sagacchi。【過sagata。【獨】sagantvā, sagamma

Sagaikā,【陰】溝通、社交、社會(communication, association, society)sagaikārama, sagaikārata,【形】喜歡的,很喜歡交際的。sagaikārāmatā,【陰】很喜歡有陪伴。sagaikavihāra, 住在社會。

Sagahāti, Sagayhati, (sa+gah+hā), 善待,收集,編譯。【過】sagahi。【現sagahanta。【獨】sagahetvā, sagahitvā, sagayhaaor. sagahesi; fut. sagahissati; grd. sagahetabba, sagahitabba; ppr. pass. sagayhamāna. pp. sagahita. caus.II. sagahāpeti

Sagama(< sa+gam), 1.會遇、結合、會戰(meeting, association, join forces)2.性交(intercourse, sexual intercourse)sagāmavijaya,【陽】會戰勝利。

Sagaha1(< sa+ gah(grah)),【陽】1.收集、堆積(collecting, gathering, accumulation)2.編輯、分類(comprising, collection, inclusion, classification; sagaha gacchati-- to be comprised, included, or classified )3.包括(inclusion)4.精審後的修訂()、經典集錄(recension, collection of the Scriptures)cattārimāni sagahavatthūni, 四攝事、四事攝、四攝法,為攝受眾生,令其起親愛心而引入佛道的四種方法。()布施(dāna n.),有財施與法施二種。()愛語(peyyavajja n.= piyavacana),以善言慰諭。()利行(atthacariyā, f.做好事;DA.30./III,928Atthacariyāyāti atthasavaḍḍhanakathāya.為培養利益,為成長利益),行身口意善行利益眾生。()同事(samānattatā, f.DA.30./III,928Samānattatāyāti samānasukhadukkhabhāvena.(同事:同甘共苦。他譯:同利、等利。),親近眾生同甘共苦。Sagahavatthūnīti sagahakāraṇāni.(攝事:收集的原因。)

Sagaha2(< sa+ gah(grah)),【中】抑制、障礙(restraining, hindrance, bond)

Sagahaa (< sagahāti),【形】善待,收集,編譯(firm, well-supported J.V.484.)

Sagati(<sangacchati),【陰】1.前來相聚於,集會,交合(meeting, intercourse)2.結交,台語:交陪( union, combination)3.偶遇(accidental occurrence)

Sagahita, Sagahīta,(sagahāti 的【過) 1.已編輯、已包括(comprised, included Miln.40 (ekasagahita)2.已收集(collected)3.已分組(grouped )4.已抑制(restrained Sn.388 (sagahitattabhāva); SnA 291 (sagahitatta))5.已善待(kindly disposed Vv 116=Pv IV.160 (sagahitattabhāva=paresa sagaha-sīla VvA.59, i. e. of sympathetic nature)

Sagāma(< sa+*gam),【陽】對抗,戰爭(a fight, battle)sagāmāvacara,【形】常在戰場的。

Sagāmeti (sagāma 的【派】), 對抗,衝突,打戰。【過】sagāmesi。【過sagāmita。【獨】sagāmetvā

Sagāyati (sa+gā(g1)+ya),唱,背誦(to chant, proclaim (cp. sagara), to rehearse, to establish)。【過】sagāyi。【過sagīta。【獨】sagāyitvā

Sagara(< sa+ gā (g1), 聲明, cp. gāyati & gīta),1.承諾(sin5 lok8seng5 lok8)(a promise, agreement)2. (also nt.)(a fight)

Sagāha(< sa+grah抓住),【陽】1.收集。2.包括。3.精密調查後的修訂()(recension)4.友善。

Sagāhaka,【形】收集者,編譯的,善待的,結合在一起的。【陽】戰車的禦者。

Sagīta (sagāyati 的【過), 已誦,已做聲,已唱。

Sagīti,【陰】排練,(佛教經典的)結集。sagītikāraka,【陽】結集的長老。依據《律藏註》(VinA.i,p.30.),第一次大結集共舉行了七個月。

Sagopeti (sa+gup保護+e), 保護得好。【過sagpita

Sagha,【陽】群衆,與會者(集合稱),佛教僧團。saghakamma,【中】僧羯磨,僧團會議。saghagata,【形】加入僧團的。saghatthera,【陽】僧團長老。saghabhatta,【中】僧團的施食。saghabheda,【陽】破僧,分裂僧團。saghabhedaka,【陽】引起僧團分裂的人。saghamāmaka,【形】信奉僧團的。saghānussati﹐僧隨念,隨念僧。ubhatosagha, 二眾、二部僧、二部眾、兩部眾。AA.3.94-96./CS:p.2.224.Āhuneyyoti āhutisakhāta piṇḍapāta paiggahetu yutto.(值得供養(值得)接受供奉、糰食。) Pāhuneyyoti pāhunakabhattassa anucchaviko.(值得款待(值得最先)款待食物的適當。) Dakkhieyyoti dasavidhadānavatthupariccāgavasena saddhādānasakhātāya dakkhiṇāya anucchaviko.(值得奉施:於十種遍施中,值得有信財為條件的奉施的適當。) Añjalikaraṇīyoti añjalipaggahaassa anucchaviko.(值得合掌禮敬(值得)舉手合掌的適當。) Anuttara puññakkhetta lokassāti sabbalokassa asadisa puññaviruhanaṭṭhāna.(在世間無上的福田:一切世間的無比的生長福之處。)

Saghādisesa (sagha+ādi+sesa(僧伽-最初-最後))﹐僧殘。僧殘屬於比丘或比丘尼違犯的粗惡罪(重罪之一)。如果比丘犯了四驅擯罪(波羅夷),就會被逐出僧團,不能和僧眾共住,不再被承認為比丘或比丘尼;但是犯了這十三個僧殘戒的話,還是可以留在僧團中。也就是說,由最初(ādi)的舉罪到最後(sesa)的出罪(由二十位以上的比丘決定)。而且相對於驅擯罪,犯了這十三條戒的比丘還可以「殘留」在僧團中,因此漢譯「僧殘」,保留了「殘留在僧團中」之意。梵文的atisesa還保留「殘餘」的意思,巴利文的ādisesa可能是由atisesa轉化而來,但是已失去「殘留」之意。

Saghaeti (sa+gha +e), 連接。【過】saghaesi。【過saghaita。【獨】saghaetvā

Saghaṭṭana(<sanghaṭṭeti),【中】Saghaṭṭanā,【陰】密切的接觸,互相撞擊(rubbing or striking together, close contact, impact)

Saghaṭṭeti(sa+ghaṭṭ+e), 撞擊(to knock against),以嘲弄來激怒(to provoke by scoffing)。【過】saghaṭṭesi。【過saghaṭṭita。【獨】saghaṭṭetvā

Saghabheda,【陽】破僧,分裂僧團。Pārā.III,171.(1)yāvajīva āraññikā assu; yo gāmanta osareyya, vajja na phuseyya.  (2)Yāvajīva piṇḍapātikā assu; yo nimantana sādiyeyya, vajja na phuseyya.  (3)Yāvajīva pasukūlikā assu; yo gahapaticīvara sādiyeyya, vajja na phuseyya.  (4)Yāvajīva rukkhamūlikā assu; yo channa upagaccheyya, vajja na phuseyya.  (5)Yāvajīva macchamasa na khādeyyu; yo macchamasa khādeyya, vajja na phuseyyā’ti.((提婆達多以五事破僧︰) (1)(比丘)應該盡形壽住曠野(阿蘭若),若到村落就犯罪。(2)應該盡形壽乞食,若受邀請食就犯罪。(3)應該盡形壽著糞掃衣,若受居士衣就犯罪。(4)應該盡形壽樹下住,若住屋就犯罪。(2)應該盡形壽不吃魚肉,若吃魚肉就犯罪。

Saghāṭa (saṁ+ghaeti連接),【陽】連接,聯盟,筏。

Saghāṭi,【陰】僧伽梨、重ㄔㄨㄥˊ衣、大衣(出家眾的三衣之一)

Saghāṇi,【陰】腰布(a loin-cloth Vin.IV,339 sq.)

Saghāta [sa+ghāta] (cp. saghaṭṭeti), snapping of the fingers (acchara°) A.I,34, 38; J.VI.64. -- 3. PvA.206(aṭṭhi° mass of bones, for the usual °saghāṭa); Nett 28. -- 4. N. of one of the 8 principle purgatories J.V.266, 270.

Saghāta (saṁ+ghāta<han),【陽】1.撞擊,謀殺(striking, killing, murder)2. 互相撞擊( knocking together),彈指((cp. saghaṭṭeti), snapping of the fingers (accharasaghāta))3.積聚(accumulation, aggregate, multitude)4.眾合地獄(八大地獄之一)

Saghika,【形】僧團的。

Saghī,【形】有很多從者的。

Saghuṭṭha (saghoseti 的【過), 已回響,已聲明。

Sacitta,【中】自己的心。sacittaka,【形】自心的,具有心的。

Sace,【無】如果。

Sacetasa (sa+cetasa)﹐【形】有心的,思慮深的。

Sacetana,【形】生氣勃勃的,有意識的。

Sacca,【中】事實,諦,真實()。【形】真實的,真正的。saccakiriyā(=saccavacana),【陰】真實語。saccapaivedha, saccabhisamaya,【陽】真實的理解。saccavācā,【陰】誠實的話。saccavādī,【陽】說實話的人。saccasandha,【形】可靠的。

Saccakāra,【陽】保證,批准,預先付款。

Saccālika, 扭曲事實(distortion of truth, falsehood S.IV,306.)

Saccāpeti (sacca 的【派】), 誓約所約束,懇求。【過】saccāpesi。【過saccāpita

Sacchikaraa,【中】實現,經歷。sacchikaraṇīya,【形】適合被實現的。

Sacchikata, (Sacchikaroti的【過) 實現,親自經歷,作證,現證。

Sacchikaroti (sacchi+kar+o), 實現,親自經歷。【過】sacchikari。【現sacchikaronta。【義】sacchikātabba。【獨】sacchikatvā, sacchikaritvā。【不】sacchikātu, sacchikaritusaya abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti﹐自身作證,為他人說(自己以通智來體驗,並將體驗告訴他人)

Sacchikiriyā(sākṣāt-kriyā),【陰】作證,現證。參考 SacchikaraaVism.697.Pahamamaggakkhae pana nibbānadassanadassanasacchikiriyā’. Sesamaggakkhaesu ‘bhāvanāsacchikiriyā’ti.(於初道的剎那見涅槃為「見證」。於其餘諸道的剎那(證涅槃)為「修證」。)

saj (srj)﹐【字根III.】黏住(to stick to)

sajj﹐【字根I.】被附上到(to be attached to)

sajj﹐【字根VII.】裝飾(to decorate),準備(to prepare)

Sajati (saj黏住+a), 擁抱。【過】saji。【現sajamāna。【獨】sajitvā

Sajana,【中】擁抱。參考 Parissajana

Sa-jana,【陽】同族者,自己的人。

Sajātika,【形】同種族的,同國家的。

Sajīva,【形】具有生命的。Pārā.III,24(CS:Pārā.pg.28)Sājīva nāma ya Bhagavatā paññatta sikkhāpada, eta sājīva nāma. Tasmi sikkhati, tena vuccati sājīvasamāpannoti.(有命者︰凡是在世尊制定的學處(=戒條)(下學習),這稱為有命者。在學()上,具有生命者。)

Sajotibhūta,【無】著火的,紅的。

Sajjati (saj(sañj)+ya), 黏附於,執著。【過】sajji。【過saṭṭha。【現sajjamāna。【獨】sajjitvā

Sajjana,【中】執著,裝飾,準備。

Sajjana,【陽】有品德的人。

Sajjita, (sajjeti 的【過) 已準備,已裝備,已裝飾。

Sajju,【無】立即地,快速地,在同一時刻。sajjuka,【副】很快地。

Sajjulasa,【陽】樹脂。

Sajjeti (saj+e), 準備,裝備,裝飾。【過】sajjesi。【現sajjenta。【獨】sajjetvā, sajjiya

Sajjhāya,【陽】學習,翫ㄨㄢˋ,排演。

Sajjhāyati (sa+jhā+ya), 預演,背誦,學習。【過】sajjhāyi。【過sajjhāyita。【獨】sajjhāyitvā。【現sajjhāyamāna

Sajjhāyanā,【陰】朗誦,研究。

Sajjhu,【中】銀。sajjhumaya,【形】銀製的。

Sañcaya,【陽】積聚,量。

Sañcaraa,【中】漫步,徘徊。

Sañcarati (sa+car移動+a), 走動,遊蕩,移動,經常出入。【過】sañcari。【過sañcarita。【現sañcaranta。【獨】sañcaritvā

Sañcaritta,【中】媒介,帶資訊。

Sañcāra,【陽】通道,動作,漫遊。

Sañcāraa,【中】引起移動,引起行動。

Sañcāreti (sañcarati 的【使】), 使走來走去。【過】sañcāresi。【過sañcārita。【獨】sañcāretvā

Sañcalati (sa+cal搖動+a), 使不穩定,搖動。【過】sañcali。【過sañcalita

Sañcalana,【中】激動。

Sañcinteti & Sañceteti,(saṁ+cinteti) 思考、計劃(to think, find out, plan, devise means )。【過】samacintesuṁ, samacetayi

Sañcicca,【獨】有意圖,故意地,有差別地。asañcicca, 無意圖。

Sañcita, (sañcināti 的【過)積聚(accumulated, filled (with))

Sañcinana,【中】積聚。

Sañcināti (sa+ci+nā), 累積。【過】sañcini。【現sañcinanta。【獨】sañcinitvāsañcctanika kamma﹐故作業,累積的過去的業。

Sañciṇṇa (Sañcināti的【過), 已累積,已練習。

Sañcuṇṇa (saṁ+cuṇṇa), 壓破(crushed)

Sañcuṇṇeti (sa+cuṇṇ+e), 壓破(crushed)。【過】sañcuṇṇesi。【過sañcuṇṇita。【獨】sañcuṇṇetvā。【義】sañcuṇṇeyya

Sañcetanā,【陰】認識,意圖。sañcetanika,【形】企圖的。sañcetanika kamma﹐故作業,故思業,即故意造作之業。MA.9./I,209.Manosañcetanāti cetanā eva vuccati.(意思(心思)︰稱為)

Sañcetayitatta, 【中】反應(reflection)

Sañceteti (sa+cit+e), 思考,想出(辦法)。【過】Sañcetesi。【獨】Sañcetetvā

Sañcodita (sañcodeti 的【過), 已教唆,已興奮。

Sañcopana,【中】移動,換位。

Sañchanna (Sañchādeti的【過), 已覆蓋,已充滿。

Sañchādeti (sa+chad+e), 覆蓋,用茅草覆蓋屋頂。【過】sañchādesi。【過sañchādita。【獨】sañchādetvā

Sañchindati (sa+chid切斷+-a), (割、削),破壞。【過】sañchindi。【過sañchinna。【獨】sañchinditvā

Sañjagghati (sa+jaggh+a), 笑,開玩笑。【過】sañjagghi。【獨】sañjagghitvā

Sañjanana,【中】製造。【形】産生的。

Sañjaneti (sa+jan +e), 生産生。【過】sañjanesi。【過sañjanita。【獨】sañjanetvā

Sañjāta (sañjāyati 的【過), 已出生,已興起。

Sañjāti(saṁ+jāti),【陰】和合產,結果,起源(birth, origin; outcome; produce)

Sajānana,【中】承認,感知。

Sañjānāti (sa一起+ñā+nā), 認出(recognize),知道(to be aware of),意識到(to know)。「認出(sañjānāti)故稱為「想」(Saññā)(M.43./I,292.)【過】sañjāni(sañjananī pl.)。【獨】sañjanitvā。【現sañjānanta

Sañjānita (sañjānāti的【過), 已辨認出。

Sañjāyati (sa+jan+ya), 出生,生産。【過】sañjayi。【過sañjāta。【現sañjāyamāna。【獨】sañjāyitvā

Sañjīva(<saṁ+v活命)﹐【陽】等活地獄,八大地獄之一。「等活」為復活之意。

Sañjīvana(<saṁ+v活命),【形】復活的(reviving ThA 181)

Sañjhā,【陰】傍晚。sañjhāghaa,【陽】傍晚的雲。sañjhātapa,【陽】傍晚的太陽。

Saññatta (= saññāpita),【過】已勸誘,已說服,已使信服。

Saññatti,【陰】情報,和解。

Saññā (sa一起+ ñā(jñā)),【陰】感覺(sense),知覺(perception),標誌(mark),命名(name),承認(recognition),作手勢(gesture),想(直譯:一起知,perception)S.22.79./III,87.(cf. M.43./I,293.)“Kiñca, bhikkhave, sañña vadetha?  Sañjānātīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘saññā’ti vuccati.  Kiñca sañjānāti?  Nīlampi sañjānāti, pītakampi sañjānāti, lohitakampi sañjānāti, odātampi sañjānāti.  Sañjānātīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘saññā’ti vuccati.(諸比丘!你們如何說’(sañña)認知’(sañjānāti),諸比丘!由於它,它被叫做想(saññā)。何者是認知?也認知藍()色,也認知黃色,也認知紅色,也認知白色。認知,諸比丘!由於它,它被叫做)saññākkhandha,【陽】想蘊。saññāpaka,【陽】使明白者。saññāpana,【中】令人信服,公佈。

Saññācikā﹐【陰】自己乞求。Samantapāsādikā(一切歡喜) (Sp.Pārā.III,567)saññācikā nāma saya pavattitayācanā vuccati, tasmā “saññācikāyā”ti attano yācanāyāti vutta hoti(自己乞求:稱爲自己迴轉乞求;為自己乞求:為自己乞求之稱)saññācikāyasayācikāya(y→ññ)﹐【獨】。

Saññāṇa,【中】標誌,告示。

Saññāpeti (sa+ñā +āpe) 公佈,使信服。【過】saññāpesi。【過saññāpita。【獨】saññāpetvā

Saññita,【形】所謂的,命名爲。

Saññī(Saññin),【形】【陽】有意識的,有的,知道的。

Saṭṭhi,【陰】六十。saṭṭhāyana,【形】六十歲。

Saṭṭhu, (sajati 的【不】), 要放棄,要解散。

Saha,【形】狡詐的,欺詐的。【陽】欺騙。sahatā,【陰】詭計,手腕(ㄨㄢˋ)

Saati (sa+e), 發出噪音,有聲響。【現saamānasaika,有聲響的。

Saadhovika﹐麻洗,象洗身時在水中跳躍嬉戲之稱。

Saṇṭhapana,【中】調整,建立。

Saṇṭhapeti (sa+hā +āpe), 安頓,調整,建立。【過】saṇṭhapesi。【獨】saṇṭhapetvā

Saṇṭhahana,【中】再創造,形成。

Saṇṭhāti (sa+hā +a), 保持,靜立不動,被安置。【過】saṇṭhāsi。【獨】saṇṭhahitvā,【現saṇṭhahanta

Saṇṭhāna,【中】形狀,形式,位置。

Saṇṭhita (saṇṭhāti‘保持的【過), 已安頓,已建立。

Saṇṭhiti,【陰】安定,堅固,沉澱物。

Saṇḍa,【陽】小樹林,叢,多數。

Saṇḍāsa,【陽】鉗子(pincers)、鑷子(tweezers)

Saha,【形】光滑的,軟的,細緻優雅的,精致的。sahakaraṇī,【陰】磨石,使平滑的工具。

Sahaṭṭha

Saheti (sah+e), (),使成粉末,使光滑,擦掉灰塵。【過】sahesi。【過sahita。【獨】sahetvā

Sata1,【中】百。sataka,【中】百位一夥,百個一組。satakkaku,【形】有百 個突出部分的(雲朵)satakkhattu,【副】百次。satadhā,【副】百方。satapāka,【中】爲百次治療的藥()satapuññalakkhaa,【形】有百福相的。sataporisa,【形】有百人的高度。satasahassa,【中】十萬(百千)

Sata2(<sar(sm)記得;pp. of sarati(= sumarati), of cp. BSk. smta AvŚ.I,228; II.197),記憶、正念(remembering, mindful, conscious)【中】具正念者,真人。【形】深切注意的,有意識的。satasampajāna, 正念正知。satokārin, 修習正念者(cultivator of sati, Ps.I,175.)sussata,正念好者。dussata, 正念不好者。KhA.181.Sata pasatthāti sappurisehi Buddhapaccekabuddhabuddhasāvakehi aññehi ca devamanussehi pasatthā.(稱讚真人︰對真人、對佛陀、獨覺、佛陀的聖弟子,以及天人(聖弟子)的稱讚(稱讚戒德等功德))

Sataka (cp. BSk. śataka) ,【中】百(a hundred, collection of 100 J.I.74.)

Satakkhattu,【副】百次。dvi-kkhattu, 二百次。ti-kkhattu,三百次。

Satata,【形】不變的,持續不斷的。satata,【副】不變地,不斷地,總是。

Satapatta,【中】睡蓮。【陽】啄木鳥(woodpecker),台語︰暗光鳥

Satapadī,【陽】蜈蚣(centipede)

Satabhisaja,【陽】危宿(二十七星宿之一)

Satamūlī,【陰】蘆筍(Asparagus一種東半球多年生植物 (Asparagus racemosus) 蘆筍有葉狀莖,鱗狀葉,開小花)

Satarasī,【陽】太陽。

Sati1(<sar(sm)記憶﹑Vedic smti),【陰】念、記住(memory)、深切注意(mindfulness)satindriya,【中】念根。satipaṭṭhāna( smty’upasthāna),【中】念處(paṭṭhāna可作兩種解釋,即:「建立起」(upaṭṭhāna)及作為「念」(sati)的「立足處」。《長部》10)及《中部》22經〉詳述該四念處修習法;《相應部》〈念處相應〉則收集了一些有關修習念處的較短的經。satimantu,【形】深思的,小心的。satisampajañña,【中】正念正知(DhsA.p.53.Saratīti sati. Sampajānātīti sampajañña.記得為。一起徹知︰正知)。「()念」、­「正知」都是美心所--善心時才會具備,有「()念」時,正知(慧心所)不必然具備,但是有「正知」時,「()念」必然具備。《增支部》A.6.29./III,325.Idhānanda, bhikkhu satova abhikkamati satova paikkamati satova tiṭṭhati satova nisīdati satova seyya kappeti satova kamma adhiṭṭhāti.Ida, Ānanda, anussatiṭṭhāna eva bhāvita eva bahulīkata satisampajaññāya savattatī”ti.(阿難!此有比丘,從()念而往、()念而還、()念而立、()念而坐、()念而臥、()念而作事。阿難!此隨念處,若如是修、如是多所作者,則能引生()念正知。) satisambojjhaga,【陽】念覺支。satisammosa, satisammoha,【陽】失念(記憶的損失),健忘。“Manujassa sadā satīmato, matta jānato laddhabhojane. Tanukassa bhavanti vedanā, saika jīrati āyupālayan”ti. (常具正念人,取食知其量;是人()受少,衰緩壽得長。) (S.13./I,82.)( satīmato < sati-manttanukassa (?) 疑由tanukā assa變來,tanukā, f.Nom.pl.修飾vedanāassa < ima(), m.Gen.sg.「他的」,指manujassaāyu-pālaya, ppr.m.Nom.sg. < pā(l), pāleti, pālayati (3sg.), pālayant (ppr.))正在保護。《廣釋》(CS:p.110):「記住是,無混亂,那聯合的諸法具有令憶念的相。」(Saraa sati, asammoso, sā sampayuttadhammāna sāraalakkhaṇā. )

upaṭṭhitā sati, 現前的念(presence of mind )parimukha sati upaṭṭhapetvā, 使鼻端的念現起之後(鼻端parimukha(pari+mukha口、面))sati paccupaṭṭhāpetu, 使念現起。kāyagatā sati, 身至念(intentness of mind on the body, realization of the impermanency of all things. M.III,89; A.I,43; S.I,188; Miln.248; 336.)muṭṭhasati, 忘念(forgetful, careless. D.III,252, 282. )maraasati, 死隨念(mindfulness as to death A.IV,317 sq.; J.IV.216; SnA 54; PvA.61, 66. )asati, 失念(not thinking of, forgetfulness DhsA 241; Instr. asatiyā through forgetfulness, without thinking of it, not intentionally Vin.II,2892. )sammāsati,正念。
  
sati-âdhipateyya (sat°) dominant mindfulness A.II,243 sq.; It 40. --satiuppāda arising, production of recollection J.I.98; A.II,185; M.I,124. satisatullapakāyika, 沙睹羅巴天群(a class of devas S.I,16 sq. )--sativinaya disciplinary proceeding under appeal to the accused monk’s own conscience Vin.I,325; II.79 etc.; M.II,247; A.I,99. sativepullappatta having attained a clear conscience Vin.II,79. --satisavara restraint in mindfulness Vism 7; DhsA 351; SnA 8.)--satisambojjhaga (e. g. S.V,90) see (sam)bojjhaga. --satisammosa loss of mindfulness or memory, lack of concentration or attention D.I,19; Vin.II,114; DA.I,113; Pug.32; Vism 63; Miln.266. )

《法集論》(Dhs.#52., #332):「在此時什麽是?在此時,凡是1(處在記住)2隨念(一而再地記住)3回想(當面記住,離去後,再回想)4記住(免得再記)5憶持性(聽聞與誦習的憶持)6不漂浮性(溶入所緣)7不忘性(久做久說都不忘。不失憶性(asammusanatā=  naṭṭha-muṭṭhassatitā))8念根(使作統治的根)9念力(沒有懶惰的搖擺)10正念(正確的念、有利可圖的念、善念),在此時是念。」(Katamā tasmi samaye sati hoti? Yā tasmi samaye 1sati 2anussati 3paissati sati 4saraatā 5dhāraatā 6apilāpanatā 7asammussanatā sati 8satindriya 9satibala 10sammāsati– aya tasmi samaye sati hoti.) (cf.DhsA.(CS:p.191)(1) 「於念根的解釋,處在記住為。」(Satindriyaniddese saraakavasena sati.)

(2)一而再地記住,處於緊隨著記住,為隨念。」(Punappuna saraato anussaraavasena anussati.)

(3)當面的(記住),離去了之後,處於再回想記住,為回想。住於傾注或沉浸於增長。」(Abhimukha gantvā viya saraato paisaraavasena paissati. Upasaggavasena vā vaḍḍhitamattameta.)

(4)「作記住,為記住。因為記住,經歷記住之稱,所以,它免除再次作念的把握。所謂的念即是記住,為在此處之意。」(Saraṇākāro saraatā.  Yasmā pana saraatāti tiṇṇa saraṇānampi nāma, tasmā ta paisedhetu puna satiggahaa kata.  Satisakhātā saraatāti ayañhettha attho.)

(5)聽聞與誦習的憶持狀態,為憶持性。」(Sutapariyattassa dhāraabhāvato dhāraatā.)

(6)進入之稱,進去之意,不漂浮的狀態,為不漂浮性。就像葫蘆在水上飄浮,不溶入(),沒有如是的所緣。那所緣確實溶入,因此稱為不漂浮性。」(Anupavisanasakhātena ogāhanaṭṭhena apilāpanabhāvo apilāpanatā. Yathā hi lābukaṭāhādīni udake plavanti, na anupavisanti, na tathā ārammae sati.  Ārammaañhesā anupavisati, tasmā apilāpanatāti vuttā.)

(7)「久做久說都不忘記,為不忘性。」(Cirakatacirabhāsitāna asammussanabhāvato asammussanatā.)

(8)「於現起的相,光亮的相,和使作統治的根,所謂的念的根為念根。」(Upaṭṭhānalakkhae jotanalakkhae ca indaṭṭha kāretīti indriya. Satisakhāta indriya satindriya.)

(9)「沒有懶惰的搖擺,為念力。」(Pamāde na kampatīti satibala.)

(10)正確的念、有利可圖的念、善念,為正念。」(Yāthāvasati niyyānikasati kusalasatīti sammāsati.)

Sati2﹐【現】在正在存在者(.處格)

Satima (< sata1), 第一百(the hundredth, S.II,133; J.I.167)pañcasatima, 第五百。

Satimā (< sati), 具念(.具格)DA.22./III,758.Satimāti kāyapariggāhikāya satiyā samannāgato.(具念具有()身攝受身之()念。SA.1.20./I,47.Satimāti iminā vāyāmasatisamādhayo gahitā.(具念︰以念與定精進收攝。) satimato, 具念(..與格, adj.)

Satimant (< sati) ,【形】具念(mindful, thoughtful, contemplative, pensive; Nom. sg. satimā; satīmā (in verse) Sn.45; nt. satīma Sn.211; Gen. satimato; satīmato; Nom. pl. satīmanto; Gen. satīmata; satimantāna)

Satisampajañña (sati+sam一起+pajañña),【中】正念正知。「正念」是成就正念(satiyā samannāgato),「正知」是成就覺知(ñāṇena samannāgato) (SA.47.1./III,180.)

Satī(< sant, ppr. of as),【陰】1.成為(being)2.貞潔的女人(a good or chaste woman, 【反】asatī)

Satekiccha,【形】可醫治的,可原諒的。

Satta1 (sajjati 的【過), 已附著(hanging),已執著(=有情)(clinging or attached to)cp.āsatta1 & byāsatta(byāsatta)

Satta2(Sk. & Vedic sattva, living being; satvan “strong man, warrior,” fr.sant),【陽】生物(a living being),衆生(creature),有情(a sentient)。古譯:萌類,剛決,含識,有情類,群萌,闇塞,薩埵(音譯)。。《清淨道論》(Vism.10.)︰「「有情」──因為他們對於色等五蘊以欲與貪而執著(satta)極執著(visatta)故為有情(satta)。」S.5.10./I,135.作:“Ki nu sattoti paccesi, Māra diṭṭhigata nu te; Suddhasakhārapuñjoya, nayidha sattupalabbhati. “Yathā hi agasambhārā, hoti saddo ratho iti; Eva khandhesu santesu, hoti sattoti sammuti.   “Dukkhameva hi sambhoti, dukkha tiṭṭhati veti ca; Nāññatra dukkhā sambhoti, nāñña dukkhā nirujjhatī”ti.(云何緣有情,魔,你豈非有邪見?唯諸行堆聚,有情不可得。如組合材料,乃名之為車,如有諸蘊在,稱之為有情,若痛苦生起、及痛苦止沒,苦不由他生,苦不由他滅。) cf.《論事》Kv.p.66;《大義釋》MNd.p.439Mil.p.28.

Satta3 (sapati (詛咒) 的【過; Sk.śapta)﹐已詛咒(to curse),已發誓(sworn)

Satta4(cp.Vedic sapta),【形】七。sattaka,【中】七個一夥。sattakkhattu,【副】七次。sattagua,【形】七倍的。sattatanti,【形】有七線的。sattatālamatta,【形】有七棵棕櫚樹的高度。sattatisā,【陰】三十七。sattapaṇṇī,【陽】鴨腳樹(黑板樹﹐Alstonia Scholaris,其樹皮過去用作抗間發性病。七葉窟由此樹得名)sattapanni-guhā﹐七葉樹窟(又作七葉窟、七葉園,即七葉樹之窟,在王舍城威跋拉(Vebhāra)山麓。佛滅度後,第一次經典結集即在此舉行)sattabhūmaka,【形】有七層樓的。sattaratana,【中】七寶(即:1.sovaṇṇa2.rūpiya3.毘琉璃(天青石)veuriya4.水晶phalika5.紅寶石lohitaka6.貓眼石masāragalla7.珊瑚(硨磲,台語:sian hou5)pavāḷa);七寶另作:1.輪寶cakkaratana2.象寶hatthiratana3.馬寶assaratana4.摩尼寶mairatana5.女寶itthiratana6.居士寶gahapatiratana7.主兵(將軍)pariṇāyakaratanasattaratta,【中】一個星期(七夜)sattarasa, sattadasa,【形】十七。sattavassika,【形】七歲(七臘)sattavīsati,【陰】二十七。sattasaṭṭhi,【陰】六十七。sattasattati,【陰】七十七。

Sattakkhattuparama(sattakkhattu七回+parama最超越(a.))﹐極七次者,極七返有者,須陀洹最多會再投生於人間與天界七次的。SA.48.24./III,238.Yassa sattakkhattu paramā upapatti, aṭṭhama bhava nādiyati, aya sattakkhattuparamo nāma.(他頂多只投生七次,不會有第八有,此名為極七次者)

Sattapaṇṇilea (satta-paṇṇi-guhā, Sapta-para-guhā), 七葉窟(在王舍城,第一次佛教聖典結集在此地舉行)

Sattati,【陰】七十。

Sattama,【形】第七的。sattamī,【陰】第七天,處所格〔巴利語法〕,潛在語氣〔巴利語法〕。

Sattāha,【中】七天(一個星期)

Satti1(<śak, cp. Vedic śakti),【陰】能力,力,力量(ability, power)paccayasatti, 【陰】緣力(「緣法」產生「緣所生法」之力,緣力存在於「緣法」中。)Dhtp 508 Usually in phrase yathāsatti as much as one can do, according to one’s ability; or yathā satti, or yathā sattiyā)

Satti2(cp. Vedic śakti, orig. identical with satti1) ,【陰】矛,匕首(knife, dagger, sword)Vism.313 (dīghadaṇḍasattiwith a long handle)(tikhiasatti a sharp knife). mukhasatti(piercing words(a spear, javelin))sattipañjara(lattice work of spears)sattilaghana(javelin dance)sattisimbalivana(the forest of swords (in purgatory))sattisūla(a sword stake)

Sattisūla,【中】長矛、鐵刺。

Sattu,【陽】敵人,炒過的麵粉。sattubhastā,【陰】充滿炒過的麵粉的皮袋。

Sattha,【中】1.科學,藝術,知識。2.刀,槍矛。【陽】3.在沙漠或危險地區結伴而行的)旅行隊,商隊。SA.1.53./I,93.satthoti saddhicaro, jaghasattho vā sakaasattho vā.(商隊︰同行的商隊、步行的商隊、四輪馬車的商隊。)

Satthaka,【中】小刀。satthakkamma,【中】外科手術。satthakkavāta,【陽】刺骨的痛苦。satthakagamanīya,【形】旅行隊要經過的(路徑)satthakvāha,【陽】旅行隊的領袖。

Satthā,【陽】()(單數.主格)Satthā Devamanussāna(śāstādeva-manuyāṇām), 天人師。cha Satthāro(a-śāstārāḥ), 六師外道。(1)富蘭那迦葉(Pūraa Kassapa)︰倡導「無作論」(akiriyavāda),無道德論者,否認善、惡之業報,否定行業能夠產生果報。(2)末伽梨瞿舍梨子(Makkhali Gosāla)︰經中說是「邪命外道」(Ājīvaka)的領導人。主要教理的是認為眾生受到宿命控制,每一個靈魂都必須在經歷一段固定的生死輪迴之後才解脫。不能透過精進來縮短生死輪迴,也不能透過放逸延長生死輪迴。(3)散闍耶毘羅胝子(Sañjaya Belaṭṭhiputta):主張不可知論,不肯定任何問題,永遠模稜兩可或反覆不定。D.I,59.)vikkhepa vyākāsi(說矯亂)。因此《寂志果經》就說他「言語無次」。本派認為道不頓修,經八萬劫自然而得。(4)阿耆多枳舍欽婆羅(Ajito Kesakambalo阿逸多翅舍金披羅)︰屬於唯物論,認為人就是他的身體,身體死亡就等於該人完全滅盡,死後沒有識,也沒有業的報應。「所有眾多之沙門論師中,末伽梨論(makkhalivādo)是最惡。諸比丘!(末伽梨)癡人是如是說、如是見:無有業(natthi kamma)、無有業果(natthi kiriyaṁ)、無有精進(natthi vīriya)。」(A.3.137./I.411-412.)(5)伽拘羅迦氈延(Pakudha Kaccāyana波拘羅迦氈延):認為人有物質元素,也有不會毀滅的靈魂。因為靈魂不會毀滅,因此,認為殺生之見是不存在。

(6)尼揵連陀闍提弗多羅(Nigaṇṭha Nātaputta, Vardhamāna Mahāvīra):宣稱他的教法能夠斷苦,但部分教理及修法為佛陀否定。註釋書將「布蘭迦葉」定義為否定業者,「阿耆多」是否定果報者,「末伽梨」是否定業與果報兩者。其實三師都是無因論(ahetukavāda)、無作論(akiriyavāda)及虛無論(natthikavāda)者。

Satthi,【陰】大腿。

Satthu(satthar)(śāst),【陽】()(經中說的是指佛陀),主人。atthi satthari pasādo,是淨信於師尊者。【陽..主】satthā。【陽..主】satthāsattharo。《雜阿含130經》︰「如求大師,如是勝師者,順次師者,教誡者,勝教誡者,順次教誡者,通者,廣通者,圓通者,導者,廣導者,究竟導者,說者,廣說者,順次說者,正者,伴者,真知識者,親者,愍者,悲者,崇義者,安慰者,崇樂者,崇觸者,崇安慰者,欲者,精進者,方便者,勤者,勇猛者,固者,強者,堪能者,專者,心不退者,堅執持者,常習者,不放逸者,和合者,思量者,憶念者,覺者,知者,明者,慧者,受者,思惟者,梵行者,念處者,正勤者,如意足者,根者,力者,覺分者,道分者,止者,觀者,念身者,正憶念者,亦復如是。」(60個名稱,參見《瑜伽師地論》卷八三, T30.760.)

Satova,(sato+va, sato<sata <sar(sm)記得;va=eva表強調)記憶、憶念

sad (sim)﹐【字根I.】沉下(to sink down)cp.(sad)(sit)

Sadattha(sa+d+attha意義),【陽】自己的福利,直譯:自義。

Sadana,【中】房子。

Sadara,【形】麻煩的。

Sadasa,【形】有邊緣的。

Sadassa,【陽】良馬。

Sadā,【副】曾經,總是。sadātana,【形】永恒的。

Sadāra,【陽】自己的妻子。

Sadisa,【形】等於,相似的。sadisatta,【中】平等,類似。sadisūpacāra﹐等分定。asadisa,【反】不等於,不相似的。

Sadevaka,【形】包括天神的。

Sadda,【陽】聲,噪音,話。saddattha,【陽】話的意義。saddavidū, 懂得各種不同聲音的意義的人。saddavedhī,【陽】聽聲音射擊的人。saddasattha,【中】語法,語文學。saddārammaa, 【中】聲所緣(=) 1hatthisaddena 2assasaddena 3rathasaddena 4bherisaddena 5mudigasaddena 6vīṇāsaddena 7gītasaddena 8sakhasaddena 9sammasaddena 10pāṇitāḷasaddena ‘asnātha pivatha khādathā’ti dasamena saddena.(1象聲、2馬聲、3車聲、4大鼓聲(薄洛鼓聲)5杖鼓聲(伎鼓聲)6琵琶聲、7歌聲、8吹螺聲、9鐃鈸聲及10第十「吃!飲!嚼!」聲)(D.17./II,170.)中阿含67經》說十二種聲,少掉鐃鈸聲,多出「步聲、舞聲、惠施聲」。(T1.516.1) saddakaṇṭakā kho pana jhānā vuttā Bhagavatā,世尊曾說音聲為禪定的刺(障礙)

Saddala,【陽】佈滿新草的地方。

Saddahati (sa+dhā+a), 相信,有信心。【過】saddadahi。【過saddahita。【現saddahanta。【獨】saddahitvā。【義】saddahitabba

Saddahana,【中】saddahanā,【陰】有堅定的宗教信仰,信任。

Saddahāna,【陽】相信的人。

Saddāyati (sadda 的【派】), 發出噪音,呼喊。【過】saddāyi。【獨】saddāyitvā。【現saddāyamāna

Saddūla,【陽】豹(leopard)

Saddha,【形】有信仰的,忠實的,投入的。S.48.9~11./V,196-9.Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako saddho hoti, saddahati Tathāgatassa bodhi.(聖弟子有信,堅信如來之菩提。)S.55.37./V,395.︰「摩訶男!於此有信之優婆塞,信如來之菩提。」

Saddhamma (sad(=sant)+dhamma or sa+dhamma, cp. BSk. saddharma),【陽】正法(the Sublime Doctrine),真實的教義,規矩(台語︰法度)saddhammasenā Sugatānugo yo﹐善逝的追隨者--那正法的軍隊。saddhammaṭṭhitiyā, 為了正法久住。善見律(Sp.I,225-6.CS:Pārā.pg.1.189-190)Saddhammaṭṭhitiyāti tividho saddhammo-- pariyattisaddhammo, paipattisaddhammo, adhigamasaddhammoti. Tattha Piakattayasagahita sabbampi Buddhavacana “Pariyattisaddhammo” nāma.  1Terasa dhutaguṇā, 2cuddasa khandhakavattāni, 3dve-asīti mahāvattāni, sīlasamādhivipassanāti aya “Paipattisaddhammo” nāma. Cattāro ariyamaggā cattāri ca sāmaññaphalāni nibbānañcāti aya “Adhigamasaddhammo” nāma. So sabbopi yasmā sikkhāpadapaññattiyā sati bhikkhū sikkhāpadañca tassa vibhagañca tadatthajotanattha aññañca Buddhavacana pariyāpuanti, yathāpaññattañca paipajjamānā paipatti pūretvā paipattiyā adhigantabba lokuttaradhamma adhigacchanti, tasmā sikkhāpadapaññattiyā ciraṭṭhitiko hoti. Tena vutta--“Saddhammaṭṭhitiyā”ti.(令正法久住者,正法有三種,何謂為三?一者學正法(pariyattisaddhammo教法)久住,二者信受正法(paipattisaddhammo行正法)久住,三者得道正法(adhigamasaddhammo證道)久住。)問曰:「何謂學正法久住?」答曰:「學三藏一切久住佛所說,是名正法,於三藏中1十二頭陀(Terasa dhutaguṇā十三頭陀)2十四威儀、3八十二大威儀戒、禪定、三昧(vipassanā毘婆舍那),是名信受正法久住。四沙門道果及涅槃者,是名得道正法久住。如來結戒故,令比丘隨順,若隨順者,具足而得聖利,是故學為初正法久住。

Saddhamma-patirūpaka,【陽】像法(相似佛法)

Saddhammassavana(sad+dhamma+savaa (<suṇātisu(śru)),【中】聽, 聽聞正法(hearing the Good Law)。《廣義法門經》(T1.919.3)說:「若人欲聽正法,具十六相,乃可聽受。一隨時聽。二恭敬。三欲樂。四無執著。五如聞隨行。六不為破難。七於法起尊重心。八於說者起尊重心。九不輕撥正法。十不輕撥說者。十一不輕己身。十二一心不散。十三欲求解心。十四一心諦聽。十五依理正思。十六憶持前後。而聽正法。」

Saddhā(sa+dah建立、放置),【陰】信心,熱愛。saddhātabba,【義】應該相信。saddhādeyya,【形】信施(信心的禮物)saddhādhana,【中】信財(信心的財富)saddhāyika,【形】可信賴的。saddhālū,【形】很投入的。S.1.73./I,42.S.10.12.(=Sn.v.182.)Saddhīdha vitta purisassa seṭṭha(在這世上,信仰是人的最寶貴的財富。)S.10.12.(=Sn.v.184.)Saddhā tarati ogha (憑信仰渡過水流)

Sakkheyyavacasāsakkheyya-vacasā, 說話可靠﹑值得信賴。Pārā.III,189Saddheyyavacasā nāma āgataphalā abhisametāvinī viññātasāsanā.(值得信賴︰已經證果、現觀、解教法)

Satullapakāyikā(sata+ullapa+kāyikā), 沙睹羅巴天群。SA.1.31./I,54.Satullapakāyikāti sata dhamma samādānavasena ullapetvā sagge nibbattāti Satullapakāyikā.(沙睹羅巴天群︰受持唸頌百法而轉生天人,稱為沙睹羅巴天群。)

Saddhivihārika, saddhivihārī,【陽】弟子,同住比丘(saddhivihāriko bhikkhu)

Saddhi,【無】一起(台語:同齊tang5 ce5、三佮sann kap、鬥陣tau3 tin7、做一下co3 cit8 e7)saddhicara,【形】朋友,從者。

Sadhana,【形】富有的。

san﹐【字根I.】製造噪音(to make a noise)cp.(san)得到(gain)

Sanati (sa+a), 發出大聲音。

Sanantana,【形】初期的,舊的,永恒的。

Sanābhika(sa3+nābhi+ka),【形】有輪轂(nave)的。D.30./III,148.Heṭṭhāpādatalesu cakkāni jātāni honti sahassārāni sanemikāni sanābhikāni sabbākāraparipūrāni suvibhattantarāni.(兩腳掌生二輪,有千輻(之肉紋相)、有輞(with a felly)、有轂,一切樣貌鮮明,分明整然。)

Sanāmika (sa3+nāma+ika),【形】有名字(having a name, called)

Sanivāro﹐【陽】星期六(日語:土曜日)(Saturn土星,鎭星;梵śanaiścara 賖乃以室折羅)

Sant(ppr. of atthi),1.存在(being, existing)2.善的,真實(good, true, Nom. sg. m. santo; f. satī; nt. santaṁ; Acc. santaṁ & sataṁ (opp. asaṁ); Instr. satā; Loc. sati & sante; Abl. santato. -- pl. Nom. santo; nt. santāni; Acc. sante; Gen. sataṁ; Instr. sabbhi; Loc. santesu. -- Compar. santatara; superl. sattama.

Santa1(sammati1 的【過)已冷靜,已和平,已寧靜(calmed, tranquil, peaceful, pure)。【中】平靜,涅槃(peace, bliss, nibbāna) santindriya,諸根平靜。santakāya,身體平靜。santadhamma, 平靜的狀態。santabhāva, 平靜的狀態。santamānasa平靜心。santavāsa,平靜的狀態。santavutti平靜的生活SA.6.1./I,195.Santoti nibbuto.(寂靜︰已被熄滅。) SA.8.2./I,270.Santa padanti nibbāna.(寂靜︰涅槃)俱舍論》卷二十六(T29.137.1)對「滅諦」中的「寂靜」(canta)解釋有二︰「三火息故靜」;另一義︰「離三有為相故靜」。

Santa2(pp. of sammati2), 疲累,已疲乏(tired, wearied, exhausted)【形】已存在的。【陽】有品德的人。santakāya,【形】身體鎮定的。santatara,【形】更鎮定的。santamānasa,【形】心沉著的。santabhāva,【陽】平靜。

Santaka1 (<sant; cp. BSk. santaka),【形】【中】1.財産(belonging to; nt. property)2.由於due to (Gen.)3.在控制之中(being) in the power of (bhayasantaka)

Santaka2 (sa3+antaka),【形】有限的(limited)opp. anantika

Santajjeti (sa+tajj+e), 驚嚇,威嚇。【過】santajjesi。【過santajjita。【現santajjenta, santajjayamāna。【獨】santajjetvā

Santata,【副】不變地,不斷地,總是。參考 Satata

Santati,【陰】連續,期間,世系。

Santatta, (Santappati的【過) 被加熱,使悲傷,悲傷。

Santappati (sa+tap(tap)+ya), 被加熱,使悲傷,悲傷。【過】santappi。【現santappamāna

Santappita, (Santappeti的【過) 使滿意

Santappeti (sa+tapp+e), 使滿意,取悅。【過】santappesi。【現santappenta。【獨】santappetvā, santappiya

Santara-bāhira,【形】有內外的。santara-bāhira。【副】內外。

Santarati (sa+tar +a), 匆忙,很快地去。【過】santari。【現santaramāna

Santasati (sa+tas+a), 害怕,受驚嚇,被擾亂。【過】santasi。【過santasita。【現santasanta。【獨】santasitvāsantaseyyu(3pl.opt.)

Santasana,【中】恐怖,驚駭。

Santāna,【中】1.連續,繼承。2.子孫。3.蜘蛛網。

Santānaka (saṁ+tan 伸展),(<santati 持續、延續) 1.兒子。2.藤蔓kilesasantānakāni(pl.), 污染的藤蔓mūlasantānakāni(pl.),根本的藤蔓

Santāneti (sa+tan+e), 連續。

Santāpa(<saṁ+tap(tap)),【陽】【形】熱,痛苦,傷心事( burning; heat, fire; fig. torment, torture)aggisantāpa,火烤。suriyasantāpa,日炙。santāpika,炙熱者。

Santāpeti (sa+tap(tap)+e), 加熱,燃燒,折磨。【過】santāpesi。【過santāpita。【獨】santāpetvā

Santāsa,【陽】恐懼,發抖,震驚。santāsī,【形】發抖的,害怕的。

Santi1(<śam平息、安靜﹐śānti),【陰】寧靜(tranquillity),和平(peace)santikamma,【中】平定,安撫的行爲。santipada,【中】安靜的境界。

Santi2(<atthi (as+a+ti)), 【現.3.複】(他們)有,在,存在。

Santika(sa2+antika),【形】接近的(vicinity, presence)。【中】接近,出現。santikā, 從。santikāvacara,【形】在附近的,親密的(keeping or being near)santikaṁ, 出現(into the presence of, towards)santike in the presence of, before, with; nibbānasantike; Instr. santikena=by, along with

Santikā,【陰】挑木棒(a kind of game, “spellicans”)

Santiṭṭhati (sa+hā +a), 1.並肩站住,保持(to stand, stand still, remain, continue)2.建立(to be established, to be put into order)3.固定( to stick to, to be fixed or settled, to be composed )4.自制,克己(to restrain oneself)5.等待(to wait for)santiṭṭhati; saṇṭhahati & saṇṭhāti; ppr. saṇṭhahanto; pot. saṇṭhaheyya; aor. saṇṭhāsi; saṇṭhahiṁsu (3rd pl.) Inf. saṇṭhātuṁ. pp. saṇṭhita -- Caus. II. saṇṭhapeti (& °ṭhāpeti).

Santiṭṭhanā(<santiṭṭhati),【中】站住,保持,固定,停留

Santīraa(saṁ+tīraṇa),【中】調查,審查(investigation, decision)santīraacitta【中】推度心這是一個無因果報心它緊隨「領受心」之後生起其作用是檢查剛受到五識與領受心識知的目標。

Santuṭṭha (santussati 的【過), 已取悅,已快樂(pleased, happy)santuṭṭhatā,【陰】知足的狀態。

Santuṭṭhi,【陰】滿足,知足,歡喜。

Santusita, 已取悅,已快樂。參考 Santuṭṭha

Santussaka(< santussati),【形】滿足的,高興的(content)santussana,【中】滿足,歡喜。

Santussati (sa+tus(tu)滿足+ya), 被使滿足,被取悅,被使快樂。【過】santussi。【現santussamāna

Santosa,【陽】快樂,喜悅。

Santhata (santharati 的【過), 已覆蓋,已鋪。【中】毯子,墊。

Santhambheti (sa+thambh+e), 使僵硬,使硬,失去知覺。【過】santhambhesi。【過santhambhita。【獨】santhambhetvā

Santhambhanā,【陰】堅硬,硬。

Santhara,【陽】墊,蓋子,床單。santhaa,【中】擴張,覆蓋。

Santharati (sa+thar+a), 鋪,散播,覆蓋。【過】santhari。【獨】santharitvā。【使】santharāpeti

Santhava(<sa+stu),【陽】相識(acquaintance),親密(intimacy),行房。Sn.1-12.(v.207.)Santhavāto‚ bhaya jāta, niketā jāyate rajo;  Aniketamasanthava, eta ve munidassana.(從親昵中產生恐懼,從家室中產生污穢,不要親昵,不要家室,這就是牟尼的看法。)

Santhavana (<sa+thavati)【中】相識(acquaintance)

Santhāgāra(Sk.sansthāgāra),【陽】【中】會議廳,斷事堂。

Santhāra,【陽】遮蓋物,地板。

Santhuta (santhaveti 的【過), 已相識,已熟悉。

Sanda,【形】厚的,密集的。【陽】流程。sandacchāya,【形】有大蔭涼的。

Sandati (sand+a), 流動。【過】sandi。【過sandita。【獨】sanditvā。【現sandamāna

Sandana,【中】流下。【陽】二輪戰車。

Sandamānikā(< syand)﹐【陰】戰車(a chariot)

Sandassaka,【陽】指示的人,教的人。sandassana,【中】指令,指示,指出。sandassiyamāna,【形】被教導的,被指出的。

Sandasseti (sa+dis指出+e), 指出,解釋。【過】sandassesi。【過sandassita。【獨】sandassetvā

Sandahati (sa+dhā+a), 連接,聯合,安裝。【過】sandahi。【過sandahita。【獨】sandahitvā

Sandahana(< saṁ+dhā),【中】結生,裝配(applying, placing (an arrow) on the string)Vism.528.cittasandahanapaccupaṭṭhānaṁ(心以結生為現起)

Sandāna,【中】鏈,繫繩。

Sandāleti (sa+dāl +e), 打破打碎。【過】sandālesi。【過sandālita。【獨】sandāletvā

Sandiṭṭha (sandissati 的【過), 已一起看到。【陽】朋友。

Sandiṭṭhi (sa自己+n+diṭṭhi)﹐【陰】自己的見解,同見。asandiṭṭhi﹐【反】不同見解()

Sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī﹐染於世俗者。

Sandiṭṭhika,【形】看得見的(visible),這一生的(belonging to this life)。自見的(self-evident);現世的(immediately apparent);現證的、當下可見的(visible here and now);現報(羅什譯);現見(玄奘譯)SA.1.20./I,43.Sandiṭṭhiko aya dhammoti aya lokuttaradhammo yena yena adhigato hoti, tena tena parasaddhāya gantabbata hitvā paccavekkhaañāṇena saya daṭṭhabboti sandiṭṭhiko.(自見此︰因為證得這出世間法,所以信他人可去(見證),證得之後,以省察智自己親見到為自見)Attano phaladāna sandhāya nāssa kāloti akālo, akāloyeva akāliko.(關於自己的給予是沒有時間(的間隔),亦即立刻,就這樣無時間(的間隔),為即時’))Yo ettha ariyamaggadhammo, so attano pavattisamanantarameva phala detīti attho.  “Ehi passa ima dhamman”ti eva pavatta ehipassavidhi arahatīti ehipassiko. (於此,任何聖道法,他自己的轉起立即地給予之義,來看這法,如此值得轉起來看的方法為來看)Āditta cela vā sīsa vā ajjhupekkhitvāpi bhāvanāvasena attano citte upanaya arahatīti opaneyyiko.(甚至於火燒衣與頭,也都置之不理,專注在心上用功,值得帶近來(),為返照)Sabbehi ugghaitaññū-ādīhi viññūhi “bhāvito me maggo, adhigata phala, sacchikato nirodho”ti attani attani veditabboti paccatta veditabbo viññūhīti.(所有的敏智者等諸行者,修習我(所說)的道,證得果,現證滅,皆是自知自證,為智者各自證知’(緣自覺悟)) (廣說,見Vism.213~218)

Sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī (saṁ+diṭṭhi+parāmāsī)﹐染於世俗。

Sandita (sandati 的【過), 1.已流動。2.已用鐵鏈鎖住。

Sandiddha,【過】已塗毒藥。

Sandissati (sa+dis指出+ya), 被看到,出現,同意。【現andissamāna

Sandīpana,【中】sandīpanā,【陰】點燃,澄清。

Sandīpeti (sa+dip+e), 點燃,解釋。【過】sandīpesi。【過sandīpita。【獨】sandīpetvā

Sandesa,【陽】資訊,一封信,書面的文件。sandesahara,【陽】報信者。sandesāgāra,【中】郵局。

Sandeha,【陽】疑惑,自己的身體。

Sandoha,【陽】堆,大量。

Sandhana,【中】自己的財産。

Sandhamati (sa+dham+a), 吹,扇。【過】sandhami。【獨】sandhamitvā

Sandhātu,【陽】安慰者。

Sandhāna,【中】聯合,安撫。

Sandhāya (sandahati 的【獨】), 團結了。【獨】關於,關聯。

Sandhāraka,【形】忍受的,抑制的,支援的sandhāraa,【中】制止忍受。

Sandhāreti (sa+dhar +e), 忍受,制止,攔截,抑制,支援。【過】sandhāresi。【過sandhārita。【獨】sandhāretvā。【現sandhārenta。【不】sandhāretu

Sandhāvati (sa+dhāv+a), 跑著穿過,移居。【過】sandhāvi。【過sandhāvita。【獨】sandhāvitvā。【現sandhāvanta, sandhāvamāna

Sandhi,【陰】聯盟,聯接,關節,連接,協定,音調上的結合。sandhicchedaka,【形】能割破的人,破壞者。sandhimukha,【中】(小偷入屋做)破口。sandhi rules, 轉調。sandhiya, 結生時刻。

Sandhīyati (sandhāti 的【被】), 被連接,被結合,被合在一起。【過】sandhīyi

Sandhūpāyati (sa+dhūp+āya), 出煙。【過】sandhūpāyi。【獨】sandhūpāyitvā

Sandhūpeti (sa+dhūp+e), 燻製。【過】sandhūpesi。【過sandhūpita。【獨】sandhūpetvā

Sandhovati (sa+dhov+a), 洗,沖洗,純淨。參考 Dhovati

Sanna1(sīdati的【過) 沉陷(sunk)

Sanna2 (sandati的【過)已流動(flown)

Sannaddha, (Sannayhati的【過) 拴緊,武裝自己,部署。

Sannayhati (saṁ+nayhati <nah+ya), 拴緊,武裝自己,部署(to tie, bind, fasten, to arm oneself)。【過】sannayhi。【獨】sannayhitvā, sannayha

Sannāmeti (Caus. of saṁ+nam), (to bend)

Sannāha(< sannay ati),【陽】1.穿,繫在一起(dressing, fastening together )2.盔甲(armour, mail)titikkhā cammasannāho, 忍耐為盔甲。

Sannikaṭṭha,【中】鄰居關係,鄰近。

Sannikāsa,【形】相似的,像的。

Sannicaya(sa一起+nicaya向下積聚),【陽】積聚,貯藏。DhA.積聚有兩種:一、業積聚。二、資具積聚。於善業、不善業稱為業積聚;四資具,稱為資具積聚。

Sannicita,【過】已累積,已囤積。

Sanniṭṭhāna,【中】結論,探查。

Sannidhāna,【中】接近,鄰近,儲存。

Sannidhi,【陽】儲存,貯藏。sannidhikāraka,【陽】存貨的人。sannidhikata,【形】囤積的。

Sannipatati (sa+ni+pat落下+a), 集合聚集。【過】sannipati。【過sannipatita。【獨】sannipatitvā。【現sannipatanta

Sannipatana,【中】集會,集合。

Sannipāta,【陽】與會者(集合稱),集會,體液的集合。sannipātika,【形】體液集合的結果。sannipātana,【中】召集。

Sannipāteti (sa+ni+pat落下+e), 召集,召集開會。【過】sannipātesi。【過sannipātita。【獨】sannipātetvā

Sannibha,【形】相似的。

Sanniyyātana, 中】爲保護等而移交。

Sannirumbhana,【中】抑制,制止,抑壓。

Sannirumbheti (sa+ni+rumbh +e), 抑制,阻塞,妨礙。【過】sannirumbhesi。【過sannirumbhita。【獨】sannirumbhetvā

Sannivasati (sa+ni+vas+a) 同居。【過】sannivasi

Sannivāreti (sa+ni+var+e), 制止,避免。【過】sannivāresi。【獨】sannivāretvā

Sannivāsa,【陽】協會,同居。

Sannivesa,【陽】露營,殖民。

Sannisinna, (Sannisīdati的【過) 安頓,平息

Sannisīdati (sa+ni+sad+a), 安頓,平息,安靜下來。【過】sannisīdi。【獨】sannisīditvā

Sannissita,【形】與連接的,基於的。

Sannihita,【過】已放下,已放置,已安排得好。

Sanneti (sa+ni +e), 混合,揉(面等)成團(to mix, knead)。【過】sannesi。【過sannita。【獨】sannetvā。【義】sanneyya

sap(śap)﹐【字根I.】詛咒(to curse)

Sapajāpatika,【形】與妻子在一起的。

Sapaññā, 有慧人(是由業生三因結生的慧(kammaja-tihetuka-paisandhi- paññāya),為有慧者。「業生三因結生的慧」由無貪、無瞋、無痴的三因善業所生的。

Sapati (sap詛咒+a), (to swear),詛咒(to curse)。【過】sapi。【過sapita。【獨】sapitvā

Sapatta(Sk. sapatna),【陽】對手,仇敵(hostile, rival)。【形】懷敵意的。

Sapattabhāra((sa3+patta1+bhāra),【形】以翅膀爲負擔的(with the weight of the wings, carrying one’s wings with oneself)

Sapattī(Sk. sapatnī),【陰】(丈夫之)情婦(a co-wife)asapattī, 無情婦(without any co-wife S.IV,249.)sapattivāsā(DhA.v.135./CS:pg.2.38.), 和情婦在一起。

Sapatha(< śap),【陽】誓約(an oath)

Sapadāna,【形】連續的。sapadāna,【副】不斷地。sapadānacārikā,【陰】次第乞食〔十三頭陀支之一〕(只托缽七家為外道行為之一,見《中部》M.12./ I,78.M.36./I,238.M.45./ I,307.M.51./I,343.M.94./ II,162.D.8./ I,166.D.25./ III,41.)

Sapadi(sa2+adv. formn fr. pada),【無】立即地(instantly, at once)

Saparikkamana(sa+pari+kamana<kam(行走))﹐可以行走。Pārā.III,151Saparikkamana nāma sakkā hoti yathāyuttena sakaena anuparigantu, samantā nisseiyā anuparigantu.(可迴轉的地點(在平地,)四輪牛車可以旋轉,(在山坡,)有階梯圍繞。)

Sapariggaha,【形】連同所有物或妻子的。

Saparidaṇḍā﹐【陰】杖罰所護之女人(國家明示此定罰之女人之名、家或道,往如是女之處者,即構成如是之罪)sassāmikā saparidandā antamaso mālāguaparikkhittā pi, tathārūpāsu cāritta na āpajjitā hoti.(有夫之婦、(侵犯之則會受)杖罰之女,乃至(已有婚約的)(頂戴)華鬘之女,對於如此之婦女不侵犯。)

Sapāka, sopāka,【陽】1.賤民(an outcast)2.吃狗的人,屠狗的人。3.一種植物。

sapp﹐【字根I.】爬(to creep)

Sappa(cp. Sk. sarpa, fr. sṛp; “serpent”),【陽】蛇(a snake)sappapotaka,【陽】小蛇。sappa,【陽】。sappaphaṇa, 蛇的兜帽(指眼鏡蛇的膨脹起來的頸部)

Sappaccaya,【形】有因素的,有條件的。

Sappañña,【形】明智的(wise)

Sappaigha(sa+paigha對、礙),【形】可觸及,有對的,有質礙的,撞擊的

Sappaibhaya,【形】危險的,有害的。

Sappaibhāga (sa3+paibhāga)﹐【形】1.相似,像(resembling, like)2.同比率混合(having as (equal) counterparts, evenly mixed with)kaha-sukka-sappaibhāga﹐對比黑、白之法。

Sappaissasappatissa﹐【形】崇敬的,敬畏的。

Sappati (sapp+a), 爬行爬。【過】sappi

Sappana(<sappati),【中】爬行( gliding on)

Sappāṇaka,【形】有活生生的生物的。

Sappāya,【形】有益的,健康的,適當的,順益的。sappāyatā,【陰】有益。

Sappi,【中】酥油(ghee)澄清奶油(clarified butter)Pāci.IV,347(CS:p.464)Sappi nāma gosappi vā ajikāsappi vā mahisasappi vā. Yesa masa kappati tesa sappi.(︰牛乳酥、山羊乳酥、水牛乳酥,凡肉適宜者之酥。)

Sappinī,【陰】母蛇。

Sappītika,【形】有歡喜陪伴的。

Sappurisa (sa(=sat=santsat)真實的)+purisa),【陽】真善人(他譯:善士﹑善知識﹑真人﹑實人﹑真實人) (「比丘們!在這裡某一人, 從殺傷生物, 變成已喜樂背離; 從拿起未被給與者, 變成已喜樂背離; 從邪行於諸欲, 變成已喜樂背離; 從妄語, 變成已喜樂背離; 從存續在穀酒﹑果酒﹑醉品﹑放逸之中, 變成已喜樂背離。比丘們! 此被叫做真善人。」 (A ii217) sappurisāvassayo﹐倚靠善知識。(AA.4.31.CS:p.2.289-290) Sappurisāvassayoti Buddhādīna sappurisāna avassayana sevana bhajana, na rājāna(倚靠善知識︰仰賴、結交、交往諸佛(不是諸王)等善知識)satta sappurisa-dhammā七善士法(seven qualities of the true man)dhammaññū, 知法(knowing the doctrine)atthaññū,知義(knowing the meaning)attaññū, 自知(knowing self)mattaññū, 知量(knowing moderation)kālaññū, 知時(knowing the right time)parisaññū, 知眾 (knowing groups)puggalaññū, 知人(knowing persons)

  DA.33./III,1039.Tattha suttageyyādika dhamma jānātīti dhammaññū. Tassa tasseva bhāsitassa attha jānātīti atthaññū. “Ettakomhi sīlena samādhinā paññāyā”ti eva attāna jānātīti attaññū. Paiggahaaparibhogesu matta jānātīti mattaññū. Aya kālo uddesassa, aya kālo paripucchāya, aya kālo yogassa adhigamāyāti eva kāla jānātīti kālaññū. Ettha ca pañca vassāni uddesassa kālo. Dasa paripucchāya. Ida atisambādha. Dasa vassāni pana uddesassa kālo. Vīsati paripucchāya. Tato para yoge kamma kātabba. Aṭṭhavidha parisa jānātīti parisaññū. Sevitabbāsevitabba puggala jānātīti puggalaññū.(知法︰知經、偈等法。知義︰知(佛陀)說法之義。自知︰自知我有這麽多戒定慧知量︰於接受、受用知量。知時︰知道指出時分,論究時分,證得相應之時分,這是關於時分。知眾︰知……知人︰知應親近該親近的人。)

AA.7.64./IV,57-8.puggalaparoparaññū hotīti eva bhikkhu puggalāna paropara tikkhamudubhāva jānanasamattho nāma hoti.(知人勝劣︰如是比丘識別眾人高低、利鈍。)

A.3.79./I,226.“Na pupphagandho paivātameti, Na candana tagaramallikā vā. Satañca gandho paivātameti, Sabbā disā sappuriso pavāyatī”ti.(花香撲鼻不逆風,栴檀.沉香.茉莉花;逆風撲鼻善士香,處處風靡善士())

Sapharī,【陰】大頭鲃(印度産的一種大型鯉形的可供食用及釣捕的淡水魚) (Barbus mosala sheet fish)

Saphala,【形】有結果的,有果實的。

Sabala,【形】強壯的,有斑點的,雜色的。

Sabba (sarva),【形】所有的(all),每一的(every),全部的(whole),整個的(entire)【陽】:單..sabbo;複.sabbe;單..sabbasabbā;複.sabbe;單..sabba;複..sabbe;單..sabbena;複..sabbehisabbebhi;單..sabbasmāsabbamhā;複..sabbehisabbebhi;單..﹑屬.sabbassa;複..﹑屬.sabbesasabbesāna;單..sabbasmisabbamhi);複..sabbesu【陰】:單.sabbā;複..sabbāsabbāyo;單..sabbe;複.sabbāyo;單..sabba;複..sabbāsabbāyo;單..﹑離.sabbāya;複..﹑離.sabbāhisabbābhi;單..﹑屬.sabbāyasabbassā;複..﹑屬.sabbāsasabbāsāna;單..sabbāyasabbassāsabbāyasabbassa;複..sabbāsu【中】:單..sabba;複..sabbāni;單..sabba;複..sabbāni。單..sabbasabbā;複.sabbāni sabbakanittha,【形】其中最年輕的。sabbakammika,【形】不管部長。sabbaññū, sabbavidū (sarvajña),【形】全知的(all-knowing萬事通),古音譯:薩云若。【陽】無所不知者(the Ominiscent One一切智者)sabbaññutā,【陰】無所不知(ominiscence)sabbaṭṭhaka,【形】每部分都有八個的。sabbanāma,【中】代名詞。sabbatthaka,【形】關係到每件事物的,打雜的人。sabbampi, 【無】一切含。Sabbātthasiddha(=Siddhāttha;梵Sarvārthasiddha=Siddhārtha)one who has completed his task, Miln.214),一切義成(音譯:悉達多。佛陀的名字)sabbapahama,【形】(位置或時間)最先的。sabbapahama,【副】在全部之前,非常早地。sabbasata,【形】每部分都有一百個的。sabbasovaṇṇa,【形】全是金製的。sabbassa,【中】全部財産。sabbassaharaa,【中】沒收全部財産。Sabbamatthivāda(Sarvāsti-vādin, sarvāstivādin)說一切有部(簡稱為有部,別名說因部。佛滅後三百年初,自根本之上座部別立者,說一切有部的根本重地乃是在罽賓(迦濕彌羅)地方,)

Sabbaññutāñāṇa﹐【陽】一切知智(佛陀的智慧)。『一時知一切、一時見一切。』() 1,793cM.90./II,127作︰“sakideva sabbaññassati sabba dakkhīti.(只一度即將知一切、將見一切。)”《註釋書》:『一時』‘sakideva’‘ekāvajanena(從意界只以一轉向到見等前五識或第六意識)ekacittena(以一心思推度或確定)ekajavanena(以一速行)’;『一切』‘sabba‘atītānāgatapaccuppanna(過去、未來、現在(三世一切內外、身心、事理等))( MA.III,357f.)KhA.187.Gambhīrapaññenāti appameyyapaññatāya sadevakassa lokassa ñāṇena alabbhaneyyappatiṭṭhapaññena, sabbaññunāti vutta hoti.( ()深智︰以包括天神在內的世間,都無法測量之慧,無法思議處之慧,此言一切智)

Sabbato,【無】到處,在各方面,全部。

Sabbattha, sabbatra,【副】各處,到處,在所有狀況下。S.46.53./V,115.Satiñca khvāha, bhikkhave, sabbatthika vadāmī”ti.(諸比丘!至於念(覺支),我說:用在各處))

Sabbathā,【副】在每一方面(in every way)sabbathā sabbaṁ, 完全地(completely)

Sabbadā,【副】總是(always)

Sabbadhi,【副】各處,到處。

sabbanāma,【中】代名詞。

Sabbaso,【副】全部,在每方面。

Sabbhi (梵文 = sadbhih, 與智者。但是在巴利文中,有時被當做 【形】) 品德高尚的。

Sabrahmaka,【形】包括梵天世界。

Sabrahmacārī(sa3+brahmacārin),【陽】出家同伴(同修)(a fellow student)

Sabhaggata, Sabhāgata(sabhā+gata),【形】到集會所的(gone to the hall of assembly)MA.41./II,330.Sabhāgatoti sabhāya hito.(集會所︰處在會議廳。)

Sabhā(Vedic sabhā),【陰】會議廳(council a hall, assemblyroom, a public rest-house, hostelry)sudhamma-sabhā﹐正法殿、善法堂,為帝釋天之宮殿。

Sabhāga(sa2+bhāga),【形】朋輩(S.56.35./V,394.)通常的,同一個區的(common, being of the same division)sabhāgaṭṭhāna,【中】方便的地方(a common room, a suitable or convenient place)sabhāgavuttī,【形】相互禮貌往來的,禮尚往來的(living in mutual courtesy, properly, suitably)

Sabhājana(Dhtp 553: pīti-dassanesu)﹐尊敬,禮敬(honouring, salutation)

Sabhāva,【陽】自性,情況,性情,真實。sabhāvadhamma,【陽】自然的原則。sabhāvarūpa,有自性色--具有各自的特性,例如地界的硬等。

Sabhāya(=sabhā)【中】會議廳。

Sabhoga1 (sa3+bhoga)﹐【形】富裕的(wealthy)

Sabhoga2 (sa4+bhoga)﹐財產(property, possession)sābhoga 有功用

Sabhojana,【形】(sa3+bhojana), 有食物的,(sa+ubho+jana), 有一對人的(即:夫婦)

sam﹐【字根III.】被安撫(to be appeased)cp. saṁ-(字首】共,集,合,正,同時。)

sam﹐【字根III.】居住(to dwell)

sam(śam 1./ śim)﹐【字根VII.】使平靜、使安靜(to pacify)

Sama1 (<sam(śam)安靜、平息: see sammati1)﹐【陽】平靜,寧靜(calmness, tranquillity, mental quiet)samaṁ carati﹐平靜下來(to become calm, quiescent)

Sama2 (<śam: see sammati2)﹐疲勞(fatigue)

Sama3 (Vedic sama, fr. sa2; see etym. under saṁ°)【形】1.平坦的,齊平的(even, levelsamaṁ karoti=弄平(to level))2.相似的,相等的(like, equal, the same)3.不偏不倚的,公正的(impartial, upright, of even mind, just)4.samasama+ (數字), 總共(“altogether,”. e.g. samatiṁsa thirty altogether)samaka,【形】相等的,相似的,相同的。sama,【副】平均地,相等地(equally; together with, at.)samana,【副】公平地,無私地(with justice, impartially (samena =dhammena))opp. visama(不平的) --samacāga equally liberal. --samajana an ordinary man, common people. --samajātika of the same caste. --samajīvitā regular life, living economically sq. --samatala level, even (of a pond). --samadhāraṇa equal support or sustenance. --samadhura carrying an equal burden, equal; asamadhura incomparable; But sama-dhura-ggahaṇa “complete imperiousness” (see yugaggāha). --samavāhita evenly borne along (of equanimity). --samavibhatta in equal shares. --samasama exactly the same. --samasīsin a kind of puggala, lit. “equal-headed,” i. e. one who simultaneously attains an end of craving and of life) samasūpaka, 成比例地接受與咖哩(或食物)(with equal curry (when the curry is in quantity of onefourth of the rice))

Samatthi(sama相等的+atthi), 有相等的

Samakkhāta(saṁ+akkhāta)已計算(counted),已知(known)

Samagga,【形】團結的,同道的,一致的,和合的,結交的,和諧的(台語ho5 hai5 e)samaggakaraa,【中】調解人,和事佬。samaggatta,【中】協定,團結的情況。samaggarata, samaggārāma,【形】對和平的歡喜。【反】asamsaggaasasagga

Samagitā,【陰】具有的事實。

Samagī, samagībhūta,【形】具有的,持有的。

Samacariyā,【陰】精神的平靜,寂靜主義。

Samacitta,【形】沉著的。samacittatā,【陰】平等心。samacittādevatā﹐心意相等的諸天。

Samajātika,【形】同階級的(相同的印度世襲階級)

Samajīvita, 共命。

Samajja,【中】厭祝的聚集,劇場。samajjaṭṭhāna,【中】競技場。samajjābhicaraa,【中】涉足劇場,參觀展覽會,參觀節日。

Samaññā,【陰】指示。samaññāta,【形】指定。

Samaa(śramaa< wram疲倦),【陽】沙門,隱遁者。samaakuttika,【陽】假沙門。samaṇī,【陰】沙門尼。samauddesa,【陽】沙彌。samaadhamma,【陽】沙門法(出家人的責任,指修習道法)samaṇāruppa,【形】適宜沙門的。馬邑經(T1.725.3 & 726.3)︰「云何沙門?謂息止諸惡不善之法、諸漏穢污,為當來有本,煩熱苦報,生、老、病、死因,是謂沙門。云何梵志?謂遠離諸惡不善之法,諸漏穢污,為當來有本,煩熱苦報,生、老、病、死因,是謂梵志。云何為聖?謂遠離諸惡不善之法、諸漏穢污,為當來有本,煩熱苦報,生、老、病、死因,是謂為聖。云何淨浴?謂淨浴諸惡不善之法、諸漏穢污,為當來有本,煩熱苦報,生、老、病、死因,是謂淨浴,是謂沙門,是謂梵志,是謂為聖,是謂淨浴。」《長阿含經》卷第三〈遊行經〉(T1.18.2)說「四種沙門」︰「一行道殊勝。二善說道義。三依道生活。四為道作穢。」

Samaaka,【陽】假沙門。hīnam attha vanna ajjhupagatā, yadida muṇḍake samaake ibbhe kahe bandhupādāpacce.(禿頭之假沙門,既卑賤又邪惡,乃是從大梵天之足所生之子孫。)

Samatā,【陰】平等,平均,正常狀態。

Samatikkanta, (samatikkamati 的【過)

Samatikkama,【陽】samatikkamana,【中】超越,克服。

Samatikkamati (sa+ati超越+kam(kram)超越+a), 越過,渡過,超越,除去。【過】samatikkami。【獨】samatikkamitvā

Samatittika,【形】盈滿的。

Samativattati (sa+ati超越+vat(vt)使轉動+a), 克服,超越。【過】samativatti。【過samativatta, samativattita

Samatta,【形】完成的,整個的,全分的。

Samatta,【中】平等,平均,平衡,正常狀態。參考 Samatā

Samattha,【形】能幹的,有技術的。samatthatā,【陰】能力,精通。

Samatha(śam平息、安靜+-atha名詞語基),【陽】奢摩他(將心專注於一個對象,培育專注力而變得寧靜),止禪,平靜,心的寂靜,法律問題的解決。samatthabhāvanā,【陰】修定。ajjhatta-ceto-samatha﹐【陽】內止,內心寂止。DhsA.CS:p.95175Kāmacchandādayo paccanīkadhamme sametīti samatho. (息慾欲()()蓋,為,或三摩地’ ) Aniccādivasena vividhehi ākārehi dhamme passatīti vipassanā. (觀看無常等種種行相,為,或毘缽舍那

Dhs.A(CS:p.188~9)Samathoti tividho samatho--1cittasamatho, 2adhikaraasamatho, 3sabbasakhārasamathoti. Tattha aṭṭhasu samāpattīsu cittekaggatā cittasamatho nāma. Tañhi āgamma cittacalana cittavipphandita sammati vūpasammati, tasmā so cittasamathoti vuccati. Sammukhāvinayādisattavidho samatho adhikaraasamatho nāma. Tañhi āgamma tāni tāni adhikaraṇāni sammanti vūpasammanti, tasmā so adhikaraasamathoti vuccati. Yasmā pana sabbe sakhārā nibbāna āgamma sammanti vūpasammanti, tasmā ta sabbasakhārasamathoti vuccati.(奢摩他︰有三種奢摩他︰(1)心奢摩他、(2)止諍奢摩他、(3)一切行奢摩他。此中八種三摩缽地一境性之名。心的激動、心的翻騰中來,平息和寂靜,因此稱為心奢摩他。「現前毘尼」(Sammukhāvinaya)等七種奢摩他,名為止諍奢摩他,於此中來,在在處處平息和寂靜,因此稱為止諍奢摩他。然而,因為一切行涅槃而來,平息和寂靜,因此稱為一切行奢摩他)

Samadhigacchati (sa+adhi+gam+a), 達到,清楚地瞭解。【過】samadhigacchi。【過samadhigata。【獨】samadhigantvā

Samanantara,【形】立即的最近的。samanantarā,【副】在之後就。

Samanugāhati (sa+anu+gah+a), 要求理由。【過】samanugāhi。【獨】samanugāhitvā

Samanuñña,【形】滿意的。samanuññā,【陰】贊成。samanuññāta,【形】核准的,允許的。

Samanupassati(sa+anu+dis指出+a), 看、見、察覺、認定(to see, perceive, regard)。【過】samanupassi。【現samanupassantasamanupassamāna。【獨】samanussitvā。【不】samanupassituṁ

Samanupassanā(<samanupassati),【陰】考慮(considering)

Samanubhāsati (sa+anu+bhās +a), 交談、同學(to converse or study together)。【過】samanubhāsiasamanubhāsati, 非同學。

Samanubhāsanā,【陰】會話,排練。

Samanuyuñjati (sa+anu+yuj連接+-a), 盤詰,反復詢問。【過】samanuyuñji。【獨】samanuyuñjitvā

Samanussarati (sa+anu+sar(s)動轉+a), 回憶,想起。【過】samanussari。【現samanussranta。【獨】samanussaritvā

Samanta(sa+anta),【形】全部的(all),整個的(entire)samantacakkhu,【形】普眼者(佛陀五眼之一,無所不見的all-seeing, an epithet of the Buddha M I.168= Vin I.5; Sn.345, etc.; Miln.111; Nd1 360)( SA.6.1./I,200.sabbaññutaññāṇassa “samantacakkhū”tiSA.35.1./II,354.Samantacakkhu nāma sabbaññutaññāṇa, ya--“pāsādamāruyha samantacakkhū”ti (Mahāvasa 8M.26./I,168;M.85./II,94.)samantapāsādika,【形】普端嚴(令所有的人喜愛的all-pleasing, quite serene)samantabhaddaka,【形】完全吉兆的(complete auspiciousness, perfect loveliness )。間接作副詞用:Acc. Samantaṁ(completely); Abl.samantā & samantato; Instr. Samantenasamanta-jappa,()鄰近(之語暗示)()求取(布施)

Samantā, samantato,【副】周圍,各處。

Samannāgata,【形】具有的,持有的。

Samannāharati (sa+anu+ā+har+a), 集中、採集(concentration, bringing together)。【過】samannāhari。【過samannāhaa。【獨】samannāharitvā

Samapekkhati (sa+āpe+ikkh+a), 考慮得好。【過】samappekkhi

Samappeti (sa+ap+e), 移交,委託,應用。【過】samappesi。【過samappita。【獨】samappetvā, samappiya

Samaya,【陽】時間,集會,季節,場合,宗教。samayantara,【中】不同的宗教。

Samara,【中】戰爭。

Samala,【形】不純的,污染的。

Samalakata, (Samalakaroti的【過) 裝飾

Samalakaroti (sa+ala+kar+o), 裝飾。【過】samalakari。【獨】samalakaritvā

Samavāya,【陽】組合,集合。

Samavekkhati (sa+ava+ikkh+a), 考慮,調查。【過】samavekkhisamavekkhita,【過】。

Samavepākinī,【陰】促進良好的消化。

Samassāsa,【陽】(痛苦等的)減輕,心曠神怡。

Samassāseti (sa+ā+sas+e), 減輕,使精神振作。【過】samassāsesi。【獨】samassāsetvā

Samā,【陰】年。

Sāmāka﹐稗子,像穀的一種草。

Samākaḍḍhati (sa+ā+kaḍḍh +a), 招徠,吸引,引誘。【過】samākaḍḍhi。【獨】samākaḍḍhitvā

Samākaḍḍhana,【中】拉,拖拉,招徠。

Samākiṇṇa, samākula,【形】塞滿的,覆蓋的,擁擠的,撒滿的。

Samāgacchati (sa+ā+gam+a), 會合,集合。【過】samāgacchi。【獨】samāgantvā, samāgamma

samāgata (Samāgacchati的【過), 已集合。

samāgama,【陽】碰到,集會。

samācarati (sa+ā+car移動+a), 舉止,行動,練習。【過】samācari。【現samācaranta。【獨】samācaritvā

samācaraa,【中】samācāra,【陽】操行,行爲。

samādapaka, samādapetu,【陽】勸導者,煽動者。samādapana,【中】煽動。

samādapeti (sa+ā+dā+āpecp.BSk.samādāpayati), 教唆(to cause to take),激勵(to incite, to rouse)。【過】samādāpesi。【過samādāpita。【獨】samādāpetvā3p.sg.opt. samācare

Samādahati (sa+ā+dhā(dhā, dadh)放置﹑忍受+a), 鎮定,集合,集中,點燃()。【過】samādahi。【現samādahanta。【獨】samādahitvā

Samādāti (sa+ā+dā+a), 受持接受。

Samādāna,【中】拿,遵守,接受。

Samādāya,【獨】接受了。

Samādiyati (samādāti 的【被】), 受持,承擔。【過】samādiyi。【過samādinna。【獨】samādiyitvā。【現samādiyanta

Samādisati (sa+ā+dis指出+a), 指出,命令。【過】samādisi。【過samādiṭṭha。【獨】samādisitvā

Samādhāna,【中】使成整體,集中。

Samādhi(<saṁ+ā+dhā承受),【陽】三摩地,三昧samādhija,【形】定所生的。【中】定力。samādhibhāvanā,【陰】修定。samādhi-ānisasakathā ,【陰】修定效益論(Vism.371.︰修定五效益︰1. diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānisasā現法樂住效益。2.vipassanānisasā舍那效益。3. abhiññānisasā神通效益。4. bhavavisesānisasā(往生)勝有效益(修安止定必得(梵天)勝有;修近行定必得欲界善趣的勝有)5. nirodhānisasā入滅盡定效益。)samādhisavattanika,【形】助長定的。samādhisambojjhaga,【陽】定覺支。upacārasamādhi近行定(鎮伏了五蓋)appanāsamādhi安止定samādhimānantarikañña(samādhi-m-ānantarikaṁ-ya﹐此不間斷的三摩地。KhA.181.Samādhimānantarikaññamāhūti yañca attano pavattisamanantara niyameneva phalapadānato “ānantarikasamādhī”ti āhu. Na hi maggasamādhimhi uppanne tassa phaluppattinisedhako koci antarāyo atthi. Yathāha--“Ayañca puggalo sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paipanno assa, kappassa ca uḍḍayhanavelā assa, neva tāva kappo uḍḍayheyya, yāvāya puggalo na sotāpattiphala sacchikaroti, aya vuccati puggalo hitakappī. Sabbepi maggasamagino puggalā hitakappino”ti (pu.pa.17).(不間斷的三摩地:因為它緊接著必定產生果,稱為不間斷的三摩地。當已經到「道三摩地」(maggasamādhimhi= ariyamagga,預流向),它的果沒有任何障礙產生。這是依據—“這個人為了作證預流果而行道,而且應是劫的被燃燒時間,在這個人未作證預流果之前,劫不會燃燒。這個人被稱為:「住劫者」。所有具足「道」(=ariyamagga)的人都是住劫者。”(Pug.17.)

  DA.6./I,314.Sammā samādhānalakkhao sammāsamādhi.(集中之相,為正定)

  Samādhiyati (sa+ā+dhā +i+ya), 被平靜下來,入定。【過】samādhiyi

Samāna,【形】相等的,相同的,相似的。samānagatika,【形】同一的。samānatta,【中】samānatā,【陰】samānabhāva,【陽】相同,平等。samānattatā,【陰】公平,和氣,同事samānavassika,【形】同輩的,年齡相同的。samānasavāsaka,【形】同一個宗教團體的。samānasukhadukkha﹐同甘共苦。

Samānīta, (Samāneti的【過) 集合,比較,計算。

Samāneti (sa+ā+nī+a), 集合,比較,計算。【過】samānesi。【獨】samānetvā

Samāpajjati (sa+ā+pad+ya), 著手,從事。【過】samāpajji。【現samāpajjantasamāpajjamāna。【獨】samāpajjitvā, samāpajja

Samāpajjana,【中】進入,通過。samāpajjnavasitā﹐入定自在,能夠輕易及迅速地證入禪那,而且在達到入定的過程中並沒有很多的有分心生起。

Samāpatti(sa+ā+pad),【陰】達到(attainment),入定(a stage of meditation),三摩缽地。mātugāmena saddhi dvayadvayasamāpatti samāpajjati(與婦女俱為雙雙達到三摩缽地(陰陽等至或雌雄)SA.5.4./I,191-2.Santā samāpattīti aṭṭhavidhā lokiyasamāpatti ārammaasantatāya agasantatāya ca santāti vuttā.(三摩缽地相續︰八種世間的三摩缽地,所緣相續和成分相續,即所說的相續。)

Samāpanna, (samāpajjati 的【過)著手,從事

Samāpeti (sa+ap+e), 總結,終結,完成。【過】samāpesi。【過samāpita。【獨】samāpetvā

Samāyāti (sa+ā+yā+a), 集合,團結。【過samāyāta

Samāyuta,【形】聯合的,團結的。

Samāyoga,【陽】組合,聯合。

Samāraka,【形】包括魔天的。

Samāraddha (samārabbhati 的【過), 已開始。

Samārabhati (sa+ā+rabh+a), 開始,從事,殺。【過】samārabhi。【獨】samārabhitvā

Samārambha,【陽】事業,活動,受傷,殘殺。

Samāruhati (sa+ā+ruh上升+a), 爬上登上。【過】samāruhi。【過samārūḷha。【獨】samāruhitvā, samāruyha【祈】samāropeti

Samāruhana,【中】爬,登。

Samārūḷha, (samāruhati 的【過)

Samāropana,【中】舉起,穿。

Samāropeti (sa+ā+rup+e), 使登上,穿上,信賴。【過】samāropesi。【過samāropita。【獨】samāropetvā

Samāvahati (sa+ā+vah+a), 使發生,致使。【過】samāvahi。【現samāvahanta

Samāsa,【陽】混合物,刪節。

Samāseti (sa+ās+e), 結交,聯合,節略。【過】samāsesi。【過samāsita。【獨】samāsetvā

Samāhata (saṁ+āhata)(Samāhanati的【過), 已打,已襲擊(hit, struck)

Samāhanati (sa+ā+han+a), 襲擊,奏樂器。

Samāhita (samādahati‘完全放置的【過),【過1.已鎮定,已安頓(put down, fitted)2.已集中精神,已置心一處,古譯:三摩呬多、等引(‘是平等,是前後的引續,引發功德)(collected (of mind), settled, composed, firm, attentive)3.已獲得(having attained)S.47.4./CS:pg.2.469.Samāhitāti etena upacārappanāsamādhi.(安置(一境)這是指近行定及安止定。) A.10.2./V,3.“samāhito yathābhūta jānāti passatī”ti (置心(一處)者得如實知見。)

Samijjhati (saṁ+ijjhatisa+idh +ya), 成功,興隆,奏效(to succeed, prosper, take effect)Pot. samijjheyyuṁ D.I,71; Fut. samijjhissati J.I,15. pp. samiddha. Caus. II. samijjhāpeti to endow or invest with (Acc.) J.VI,484.)。【過】samijjhi。【過samiddha。【獨】samijjhitvā

Samijjhana (fr. samijjhati),【中】成功。(fulfilment, success)

Samita1(sa+ita, sameti的【過) 集合(gathered, assembled)。【中】【副】samita連續不斷地、接連地(continuously)

Samita2 (sa+mita, of mā)同樣(尺寸)(equal (in measure)),好像(like)

Samita3 (sammati1【過) 已鎮定(quiet),已平息(appeased)

Samita4(sa+śam(平息)的【過】勞動)安排(arranged),清理(put in order =savidahita)

Samitatta(<samita3)【中】鎮定的境界(state of being quieted)

Samitāvī,【陽】自己已冷靜。

Samita,【副】總是,不斷地。

Samiti,【陰】集會,社會。

Samiddha (samijjhati 的【過), 已成功,已富有。

Samiddhi,【陰】成功,繁榮。

Samīpa,【形】近。samīpaga,【形】接近的。samīpacārī,【形】近的。samīpaṭṭha,【形】站近的。samīpaṭṭhāna,【中】附近的地方。

Samīraa,【陽】風。

Samīrati (sa+īr +a), 吹,移動。【過samīrita

Samīreti (sa+īr+e), 發出,說話。【過】samīresi。【過samīrita。【獨】samīretvā

Samukkaseti (sa+u+ka+e), 頌揚,稱讚。【過】samukkaesi。【過samukkasita。【獨】samukkasetvā

Samugga,【陽】首飾盒。

Samuggacchati (sa+u+gam+a), 出現,得存在。【過】samuggacchi。【獨】samuggantvā

Samuggata, (Samuggacchati的【過) 出現,得存在

Samuggahāti (sa+u+gah+hā), 瞭解得好。【過】samuggahi。【過samuggahita。【獨】samuggahetvā

Samuggama,【陽】升,起源。

Samuggirati (sa+u+gir +a), 發出,丟出,散發。【過】samuggiri

Samuggiraa,【中】說話。

Samugghāta,【陽】推擠,撞,連根拔起,斷絕samugghātaka,【形】廢止,除去。

Samugghāteti (sa+u+ghāt+e), 廢止,連根拔起,除去。【過】samugghātesi。【過samugghātita。【獨】samugghātetvā

Samucita,【過】已累積。

Samuccaya,【陽】類目,收集,積聚。

Samuccheda(sam+u+chida),【陽】正斷(永遠捨斷煩惱)、斷絕,完全粉碎samuccheappahāna,【中】正斷、斷絕。

Samucchindati (sa+u+chid切斷+-a), 完全粉碎。【過】samucchindi。【獨】samucchindiya, samucchinditvā。【過samucchinna

Samucchinna, (Samucchindati的【過)完全粉碎

Samucchindana,【中】samuccheda,【陽】完全粉碎

Samujjala,【形】輝煌的,光亮的。

Samujjhita,【形】丟棄的,抛棄的。

Samuṭṭhahati, samuṭṭhāti, (sa+u+hā +a), 起來,發起。【過】samuṭṭhahi。【過samuṭṭhita。【獨】samuṭṭahitvā

Samuṭṭhāna(saṁ+uṭṭhāna),【中】發源,因素,等起(rising, origination, cause)samuṭṭhana-, samuṭṭhanika,【形】起源的(arising from)

Samuṭṭhāpaka,【形】引起的,産生的。

Samuṭṭhāpeti (sa+u+hā+āpe), 升起,生産,開始。【過】samuṭṭhāpesi。【過samuṭṭhāpita。【獨】samuṭṭhāpetvākatha samuṭṭhāpesu, 議論紛紛。

Samuṭṭhita, (samuṭṭhāti 的【過) 起來,發起。

Samuttarati (sa+u+tar+a), 忽略,省略。【過】samuttari。【過samuttiṇṇa。【獨】samuttaritvā

Samuttejaka,【形】教唆的,煽動的。samuttejana,【中】煽動(instigation)

Samuttejeti (sa+u+tij (tij)使銳利﹑使敏銳+ecp.BSk.samuttejayati), 使興奮(to excite),使高興(gladden),充滿熱情(to fill with enthusiasm)。【過】samuttesi。【過samuttejita。【獨】samuttejetvā

Samudaya (saṁ一起+udaya上升﹑生長),【陽】1.起源、集(origin),上升(rise)一起上升(直譯)2.迸發、光輝(bursting forth, effulgence)(=pabhāsamudaya)3.生産品(produce, revenue)samudayasacca,【中】集諦(起源的事實)

Samudāgacchati (sa+udāgacchati)﹐生起(to rise),結果(to result)

Samudāgata (samudāgacchati),已興起(arisen),已結果(resulted)

Samudāgama(sa+ud+āgama),【陽】開始(beginning)

Samudācarati (sa+u+ā+car移動+a),1.流通(to be current),使用( to be in use)2....心裡出現(to occur to)3.舉止(to behave towards)4.練習(to practisei.e. aor. samudācariṁsu)5.吹噓、誇耀(to claim, to boast of)。【過】samudācari。【過samudācaritasamudāciṇṇa。【獨】samudācaritvā。【過samudācaranta

Samudācarana,【中】samudācāra,【陽】行爲,習慣,練習,熟悉。

Samudācaritatta(<samudācarita) 【中】練習(to practise)

Samudāciṇṇa (samudācarati 的【過), 已練習,已放任。

Samudāya,【陽】多數,大量。

Samudāharati (sa+u+ā+har+a), 說,發出。【過】samudāhari。【過samudāhaa。【獨】samudāharitvā

Samudāharaa,【中】samudāhāra,【陽】交談,說話。

Samudita(saṁ+udita1提高)(samudeti 的【過)1.已升起(arisen)2.已激動(excited)3.已聯合(united)

Samudīraa (saṁ+udīraṇa in meaning udīreti1),【中】移動(moving)

Samudīreti (sa+u+īr+e), 發出,移動。【過】samudīresi。【過samudīrita。【獨】samudīretvā

Samudeti (sa+u+i+a), 出現。【過】samudesi

Samudda,【陽】海洋。samuddaṭṭhaka,【形】在大海中的。

Samuddhaa, (samuddharati 的【過)已舉起,已取出,已搶救。

Samuddharaa,【中】拉出,拯救。

Samuddharati (sa+u+har+a), 舉起,取出,搶救。【過】samuddhari。【獨】samuddharitvā

Samunna(saṁ+unna),濕潤、濕(moistened, wet)

Samupagacchati (sa+upa+gam+a), 接近(to approach)。【過】samupagacchi。【過samupagata。【獨】samupagantvā

Samupagamana,【中】接近。

Samupagamma,【獨】接近了。

Samupabbūḷha(saṁ+upa+viyūḷha), samupabyūḷha,【形】群集的(set up; heaped, massed, in full swing (of a battle), crowded)SA.11.3./I,341.samupabyūḷhoti sampiṇḍito rāsibhūto.(群集︰聯合聚集。)

Samupasobhita,【形】裝飾的,賦予的。

Samupāgata,【形】向接近的。

Samupeta,【過】已一起賦予。

Samuppajjati (sa+u+pad+ya), 出現,被生産。【過】samuppajji。【獨】samuppajjitvā

Samuppanna, (samuppajjati的【過) 出現。

Samubbahati (sa+u+vah+a), 負擔,攜帶。【過】samubbahi。【現samubbahanta。【獨】samubbahitvā

Samubbhavati (sa+u+bhū+a), 出現,被生産。【過】samubbhavi。【過samubbhūta。【獨】samubbhavitvā

Samullapati (sa+u+lap嘮叨+a), 友善地交談。【過】samullapi。【過samullapita。【獨】samulpitvā

Samullapana,【中】samullāpa,【陽】交談。

Samussaya,【陽】身體,積聚。

Samussāpeti (sa+us +āpe), 升起,吊起。【過】samussāpesi。【過samussāpita。【獨】samussāpetvā

Samussāheti (sa+u+sah勝過+e), 教唆。【過】samussāhesi。【過samussāhita。【獨】samussāhetvā

Samussita,【過】已擡高,已升高,已升起,已傲慢。

Samūlaka,【形】包括根的。

Samūha,【陽】多數,眾多,大量,集合。

Samūhata, (Samūhanati‘連根拔起的【過) 連根拔起,廢止,除去。

Samūhanati (sa+u+han+a= saṁ+ūhanati2拉出), 連根拔起,除去(to remove),廢止(to abolish)

Samekkhati (sa+ikkh+a), 找尋,考慮。【過】samekkhi。【過samekkhita。【獨】samekkhitvā, amekkhiya

Samekkhana,【中】看著。

Sameta (Sameti的【過), 已具有,已連接,已結合。

Sameti (sa+i +a), 1.集合,遇見(to come together, to meet, to assemble)2.同意,會同(to associate with, to go to)3.比較,使相等(to correspond to, to agree)4.知道(to know, consider)5.適合(to fit in)。【過】samesi, samiṁsu, samesuṁ。【未】samessati。【獨】sametvāsamecca((coming) together with)。【命】sametu

Samerita,【過】已移動,已開始運動。

Samokiṇṇa, (samokirati的【過) 灑,散播

Samokirati (sa+ava+kir+a), 灑,散播。【過】samokiri。【獨】samokiritvā

Samokiraa,【中】灑水,散播。

Samotata,【過】已到處撒滿,已散佈。

Samotarati (sa+ava+tar+a), 下去(水裡)。【過】samotari。【過samotiṇṇa。【獨】samotaritvā

Samodahati (sa+ava+dah放置+a), 集合存入。【過】samodahi。【過samodahita。【獨】samodahitvā

Samodahana,【中】保存,放進。

Samodhāna(saṁ+odhāna, cp. Odahana),【中】配置,聯誼,聯合,被容納(collocation, combination)saghaṭṭanasamodhāna,【中】互相摩擦。

Samodhāneti (samodhāna 的【派】), 連接,合併起來。【過】samodhānesi。【獨】samodhānetvā

Samorodha (saṁ+orodha),障礙物,遲鈍(barricading, torpor)

Samosaraa,【中】集合,會議。

Samosarati (sa+ava+sar(s)動轉+a), 聚集,集合。【過】samosari。【過samosaa。【獨】samosaritvā

Samoha,【形】昏頭昏腦的,入迷的。

Samohita (samodahati 的【過), 已包括,已覆蓋,已合併起來。

Sampakampati (sa+pa徹底+kamp搖動+a), 戰慄,被搖動。【過】sampakampi。【過sampakampita

Sampajañña(< sampajāna),【中】明覺,正知,辨別,理解(attention, consideration, discrimination, comprehension, circumspectionopp. to muṭṭha-sacca+asampajañña)S.47.2./V,142.“Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sampajāno hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu abhikkante paikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saghāṭipattacīvaradhārae sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate hite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti.(諸比丘!比丘如何有正知(sampajāno)?諸比丘!在此,比丘正知作進退,正知作向前看、向後看,正知作正知作後仰、前彎,正知作持僧伽梨、缽、衣,正知作吃、喝、嚐、味,正知作大小便,正知作行、住()、坐、臥、眠、醒、語、默。諸比丘!如是比丘有正知。) SA.47.2./III,182~190. (cf. VbhA.p.347~364.)說「四種明覺」(Catubbidhañhi sampajañña)(1)有益明覺(sātthaka-sampajañña)(2)合宜明覺(sappāya-sampajañña)(3)行處明覺(gocara-sampajañña)(4)無癡明覺(asammoha-sampajañña)(1)「有益明覺」是在生起念頭時,就能在有益及無益之間作出選擇有益處的。(諸比丘!若難陀應看東方時,集中一切心之後,難陀才看東方,():『如是我當看東方,令貪、憂之惡不善法不漏入。』如是,於其處而有正知。) 應看西方、北方、南方、上、下、四維,也同樣作法。(2)「合宜明覺」是能夠於適宜與不適宜之間作出選擇適宜的。(3)「行處明覺」是不捨棄業處。舉托缽作例子︰「(1)有一類比丘(把他的業處)帶去(harati),沒有帶回(na paccāharati)(2)另一類沒有帶去,但帶回;(3)另一類沒有帶去,也沒有帶回;(4)另一類帶去帶回。」第4類比丘是實踐「往返的任務」(gatapaccāgatavatta)。實踐回原處重走的「往返的任務」者(haraapaccāharaasakhāta gatapaccāgatavatta pūrento)(如︰黑藤堂的大龍長老(Kāḷavallimaṇḍapavāsī Mahānāgatthero)決定只有在心專注於業處之下才提腳,而如果在心脫離了業處之下提腳時,他即會轉身走回原處),如果他有證果的潛能(upanissayasampanno),他甚至於能在生命的第一階段就證得阿羅漢果。(4)「無痴明覺」則是在向前走等各方面沒有愚痴。他不像普通人想:「向前移動;向前移動由產生」。當「我將向前移動」的識生起時,心生風界跟那識同時生起,而產生了動作(viññatti身表)。通過心的活動(心生色),產生散播至全身的風界而向前移動。注釋書對回原處重走的行者(haraapaccāharaasakhātaṁ)給予極高的評價。(SA.47.2./III,189.VbhA.p.354.)

Sampajāna (saṁ+pajāna, cp. Pajānāti Samprajāna),【形】深思的知道的(thoughtful, mindful, attentive, deliberate, almost syn. with sata, mindful)

Sampajānakārī(sampajānakārin),【形】全然知者完整知者(acting with consideration or full attention)

Sampājanamusāvāda,【陽】故妄語(deliberate lie)

Sampajjati (sa+pad+ya), 成功,興隆,發生,變成。【過】sampajji。【過sampanna。【現sampajjamāna。【獨】sampajjitvā

Sampajjana,【中】成功,繁榮,成爲。

Sampajjalita (sampajjalati 的【過), 已燃燒著,已著火。

Sampaicchati (sa+pati+is+a), 接受。【過】sampaicchi。【過sampaicchita。【獨】sampaicchitvā

Sampaicchana,【中】承諾,協定。sampaicchanacitta 【中】領受心,當目標撞擊五根門之一顏色撞擊眼根時先生起令心轉向該目標的轉向心,隨後生起眼識(識知顏色),接著生起「領受心」,納受眼識剛看過的目標。

Sampati,【無】剛剛。

Sampatita (sampatati 的【過), 已跌落,已發生。

Sampatta (sampāpuṇāti 的【過), 已到達。

Sampatti, sampadā(<saṁ+pad, cp. BSk. sampadā),【陰】財富,福,成功,達到。dibbasampatti(DA.14./II,472.),天福。Sp.Cv.VI,1278.Vinayapariyāyena 1vatthusampatti 2ñattisampatti 3anussāvanasampatti 4sīmāsampatti 5parisāsampattīti aya vinayo nāma.(律法門中,有(1)人選成就,(2)表白成就(有效動議)(3)隨教誡成就,(4)()成就,(5)僧眾成就。) Sp.Pārā.I,243.Akuppenāti vatthu-ñatti-anussāvana-sīmā-parisasampattisampannattā akopetabbata appaikkositabbatañca upagatena.(不可動搖人選、表白、隨教誡、界()、僧眾成就,不可動搖的,無異議通過。)

Sampadāna,【中】轉給,移交。【法】與格(Dat. dative)

Sampadālana,【中】撕裂,裂開。

Sampadāḷeti (sa+pa+dal爆炸+e), 撕,劈開,猛然打開。【過】sampadāḷesi。【過sampadālita。【獨】sampadāletvā

Sampadussati (sa+pa+dus +ya), 被腐爛。【過】sampadussi。【過sampaduṭṭha。【獨】sampadussitvā

Sampadussana,【中】腐敗。

Sampadosa(saṁ+padosa ),【陽】惡毒(wickedness),不道德。

Sampanna (sampajjati 的【過), 已成功,已完全,已富於,已具有。

Sampayāta,【過】已向前去,已著手進行。

Sampayutta(sa+payutta),【形】聯合的(associated with),聯結的(connected)

Sampayoga(saṁ+pa+yuj連接;梵samprayoga),【陽】相應,聯盟,協會,聯繫。

Sampayojeti (san+pa+yuj連接+e), 參加,聯合,提出訴訟。【過】sampayojesi。【過sampayojita。【獨】sampayojetvā

Samparāya,【陽】未來的情況,來世。samparāyika,【形】來世的。samparāya vedanīya kamma﹐後生報業、順後業、順後受業,即至未來世才受果報的業。(順現法受業(此生)、順次生受業(來生)、順後次受業(第三生之後))

Samparikaḍḍhati (sa+pari+kaḍḍh+a), 到處拖。

Samparivajjeti (sa+pari+vaj+e), 避免,避開。【過】samparivajjesi。【過samparivajjita。【獨】samparivajjetvā

Samparivattati (san+pari+vat+a), 轉,滾動。【過】samparivatti。【獨】samparivattitvā。【使】samparivatteti

Samparivāreti (sa+pari+var+e), 包圍,侍候,照料。【過】samparivāresi。【過samparivārita。【獨】samparivāretvā

Sampalimaṭṭha [saŋ+palimaṭṭha] 接觸,把持,破壞(touched, handled, blotted out, destroyed)

Sampavaka[perhaps sa+pari+aka2] 形】親密的(intimate)

Sampavatteti (sa+pa+vat+e), 決心就走。【過】sampavattesi。【過sampavattita

Sampavāyati (san+pa+vā+a), 吹,發出。

Sampavedhati (sa+pa+vidh(vyadh / vidh)貫穿+a), 強震,被高度地影響。【過】sampavedhi。【過sampavedhita。【使】sampavedheti

Sampasāda,【陽】安然,平靜,快樂。

Sampasādaniya,【形】導致寧靜的,激發信心的。

Sampasādeti (san+pa+sad+e), 使喜悅,使純淨。【過】sampasādesi。【過sampasādita。【獨】sampasādetvā

Sampasāreti (sa+pa+sar(s)動轉+e), 展開,伸展。【過】sampasāresi。【過sampasārita。【獨】sampasāretvā

Sampasīdati (sa+pa+sad+a), 被取悅,變晴,放鬆。【過】sampasīdi。【獨】sampasīditvā

Sampasīdana,【中】歡喜,快樂,晴朗。

Sampassati (sa+dis指出+a), 見,把視爲,考慮。【過】sampassi。【現sampassantasampassamāna。【獨】sampassitvā

Sampahaṭṭha (sampahasati 的【過), 已喜悅,已歡喜,已打敗,已精煉,已形成。

Sampahasaka,【形】喜悅的。sampahasana,【中】高興,愉快。

Sampahasati (sa+pa+has+a), 很高興。【過】sampahasi。【使】sampahaseti。【過】sampahaesi。【過sampahasita。【獨】sampahasetvā

Sampahasana,【中】喜悅。

Sampahāra,【陽】爭吵,戰爭,打擊。

Sampāta,【陽】結合起來,同時存在,碰撞。

Sampādaka,【形】準備者,供應者。sampādana,【中】供應,準備好。

Sampādiyati (sampādeti 的【被】), 被供應。

Sampādeti (sa+pad+e), 完成,供應,準備。【過】sampādesi。【過sampādita。【獨】sampādetvā

Sampāpaka,【形】導致的,帶來的。sampāpana,【中】領導,到達。

Sampāpuṇāti (sa+pa+ap +uṇā), 到達,達到,偶遇。【過】sampāpui。【過sampatta。【現sampāpuanta。【獨】sampāpuitvā

Sampāyati (sa+pa+ā+ī (?))﹐解說,解答。

Sampiṇḍana,【中】組合,連接,附加。

Sampiṇḍeti (sa+piṇḍ+e), 聯合,弄成球型,節略。【過】sampiṇḍesi。【過sampiṇḍita。【獨】sampiṇḍetvā

Sampiyāyati (sampiya 的【派】), 善待,執著,投入,喜歡。【過】sampiyāyi。【過sampiyāyita。【現sampiyāyanta, sampiyāyamāna。【獨】sampiyāyitvā

Sampiyāyanā,【陰】喜愛。

Sampīṇeti (sa+pi養肥+ṇā+e), 使滿意,使喜悅,取悅。【過】sampīṇesi。【過sampīṇita。【獨】sampīṇetvā

Sampīḷa [sa+pīḷa, cp.pīḷā] 【中】煩惱,痛苦。【反】asampīḷa無煩惱( free from trouble)

Sampīḷana, Sapīḷana, 壓迫,侷促,齷齪(ㄨㄛˋㄔㄨㄛˋ,台語:ak cak8,有侷促(而不舒服)、惡濁之意)citta-sampīḷana domanassa, 壓迫之苦kāyasampīlana, 心壓迫(之苦)(crushing the body (of dukkha))

Sampīḷeti (sa+pīḷ虐待+e), 壓迫,壓破,煩惱。【過】sampīḷesi。【過sampīḷita。【獨】sampīḷetvā

Sampucchati (sa+pucch詢問+a), 要求,請求許可。【過】sampucchi。【過sampuṭṭha

Sampuṇṇa (sampūrati 的【過), 已滿,已完全,已填,熟透。

Sampupphita,【過】已完全開花。

Sampūjeti (sa+pūj禮拜+e), 致敬,尊敬。【過】sampūjesi。【過sampūjita。【現sampūjenta。【獨】sampūjetvā

Sampūreti (saṁ+pūr(p / pṛṇ/ pūr)充滿+e), 填充,完成。【過】sampūresi。【過sampūrita。【獨】sampūretvā

Sampha,【中】輕薄,廢話。samppalāpa,【陽】綺語。D.1-2/I,153.Yena sampha palapatīti yena palāpasakhātena niratthakavacanena sukha hitañca phalati vidarati vināsetīti “samphan”ti.(說綺語︰即所謂的胡說,無意義的語言,惱亂、毀壞快樂、利益的果報,為綺語)

Samphala(sa+phala)﹐【形】(完全)結果。

Samphassa,【陽】觸,接觸。

Samphuṭṭha, (samphusati 的【過) 已接觸,已觸及

Samphulla,【形】盛開的。

Samphusati (sa+phus+a), 接觸,觸及。【過】samphusi。【獨】samphusitvā

Samphusanā(saṁ一起+phusanā),【陰】一起觸,接觸(touch, contact)

Samphusita,【過】已接觸,已觸及。

Sambaddha, (sambandhati 的【過)已連接。

Sambandha,【陽】連接。

Sambandhati (sa一起+bandh+a), 綁,聯合。【過】sambandhi。【獨】sambandhitvā

Sambandhana,【中】綁在一起,連接。

Sambala,【中】供給。

Sambahula,【形】許多的。

Sambādha1(sambādha),【陽】1. 齷齪(台語:ak cak8)迫迮(ㄗㄜˊ),侷促,憒亂(crowding, pressure, inconvenience from crowding, obstruction)A.9.42./IV,449.“Pañcime, āvuso, kāmaguṇā sambādho vutto Bhagavatā.(友!五欲為世尊所說之齷齪) (五欲乃至非想非非想處,皆為世尊所說之齷齪。具足想受滅住(滅盡定),以慧觀而諸漏盡,才無齷齪。參考A.9.42./IV,449-450.) AA.9.42./IV,206.Sambādhasuttavaṇṇanāsambādhoti aya vitakkavicārāna aniruddhabhāvo sambādho sapīḷā nāma.(齷齪:不能停止(aniruddha(<a-ni-rudh成長)此諸尋伺之緊迫的痛苦。) KhA.248.MettasuttavaṇṇanāAsambādhanti sambādhavirahita, bhinnasīmanti vutta hoti. Sīmā nāma paccatthiko vuccati, tasmimpi pavattanti attho.(沒有障礙(a-sambādha)︰空無障礙,這是打破界限之說。在它轉起(生起)界限(sīmā)(即心量有限),即稱為敵對之意。)

Sambādha2(sambādha),【陽】陰部,密處

Sambādhana,【中】齷齪,憒鬧,憒亂。

Sambādheti (sa+bādh騷擾+e), 擁擠,阻隔。【過】sambādhesi。【獨】sambādhetvāSA.2.7./I,106.sambādheti nīvaraasambādha kāmaguasambādhanti dve sambādhā.(兩種齷齪︰五蓋齷齪、五欲齷齪) 齷齪也有身齷齪及心齷齪。身齷齪,過出離的生活就解決;至於心齷齪,經中說,五欲乃至非想非非想處,皆為齷齪。具足想受滅住(滅盡定),以慧觀而諸漏盡,才無齷齪(cf. A.9.42./IV,449.)

Sambāhati (sa+bāh+a),按摩,擦,洗頭(to rub, shampoo)。【使】sambāheti, sambāhāpeti。【過】sambāhi。【獨】sambāhitvāsambāhanta【現】。

Sambāhana,【中】摩擦,按摩。

Sambuka,【陽】牡蠣(台語:蚵仔),蠔,貝殼。

Sambujjhati (sa+budh+ya), 明白,通曉。【過】sambujjhi。【過sambuddha。【獨】sambujjhitvā

Sambuddha,【陽】全知者(佛陀),三菩陀。SA.1.7./I,25.Sambuddhāti sammā hetunā kāraena Buddhā.(正等覺︰作正因成就的佛陀。)

Sambodha (sa+bodha)(pp. of [sambujjhati完全覺])﹐等覺(enlightenment, highest wisdom, awakening)sambuddha I. pp. 完全覺{well understood}II. m. 已完全覺者(古譯:正覺.等覺){one who has thoroughly understoodbeing [enlightened給予知識、啟發、啟蒙、教化、開導、照耀、使發光輝]a Buddha}
sameti
I. 集合{to come togetherto meetto assemble}

Sambojjhaga(saptabodhyaga),【陽】覺支(覺悟的成分),完全覺支,菩提分D.33./III,251-2.Satta bojjhagā-- satisambojjhago, dhammavicayasambojjhago vīriyasambojjhago, pītisambojjhago, passaddhisambojjhago, samādhisambojjhago, upekkhāsambojjhago.(七覺支(1)(sati, smti f.)覺支、(2)擇法(dhamma-vicaya, dharma-pravicaya m.)覺支、(3)精進(vīriya, vīrya n.)覺支(英雄本色覺支)(4)(pīti, prīti f.)覺支、(5)輕安(passaddhi, praśrabdhi f.)覺支、(6)(samādhi, samādhi m.)覺支、(7)(upekkhā, upekṣā f.)覺支(旁觀覺支)

Sambodhana(saṁ+bodhana),【中】1.喚醒。2.呼格〔巴利語法〕(the vocative case)

Sambodhi,【陰】覺悟,三菩提(正覺,最高的智慧)

Sambodheti (sa+budh+e), 使理解。【過】sambodhesi

Sambhagga, (sambhañjati的【過) 打破,分裂

Sambhajati (sa+bhaj), 親近。

Sambhañjati (sa+bhañj+a), 打破,分裂。【過】sambhañji。【獨】sambhañjitvā

Sambhata (saṁ+bhata),【過】已集合,已儲存;資產(brought together, stored up)。【中】資糧(store, provisions)

Sambhati (śrambh, given as sambh at Dhtp 214 in meaning “vissāsa”), 平靜(to subside, to be calmed; only in prep. combn paṭippassambhati (q.v.))

Sambhatta(pp. of sambhajati),【陽】熱衷,熟識的朋友(devoted, a friend)Sp.Pārā.II,371.sambhattoti dahamitto(熟識的朋友︰摯友。)

Sambhama (saṁ+bhama, fr. bhram),【陽】刺激,混亂(confusion, excitement; sambhamapatta, 過度刺激(overwhelmed with excitement J.IV,433.)

Sambhamati (sa+bham+a), 考慮,旋轉(to revolve)。【過】sambhami。【獨】sambhamitvā

Sambhava (saṁ+bhava),【陽】1.起源,出生,製造(origin, birth, production)2.男性的精液(emen virile J.V,152; VI,160; Miln.124.)sambhavesin,尋求再生(seeking birth M.I,48; S.II,11; Sn.147.)mātāpettikasambhava,父母交會所生(born from father and mother D.I,34; DhsA.306; natthi sambhavaṁ has not arisen Sn.235)yathāsambhava, 根據情況。

Sambhavati, Sambhuṇāti, & Sambhoti (sa+bhū+a), 1.生産生起(to be produced, to arise)2.能勝任的,能幹的,稱職的(to be adequate, competent)3.呈現,存在(to be present, to witness)4.在一起(to be together with)。【過】sambhavi。【過sambhūtaasambhuanto= asakkonto(不生起)

Sambhavana,【中】形成。

Sambhavesī,【陽】正在尋求出生者,求生者。

Sambhāra,【陽】材料,必要的成分,積聚,堆。agasambhārā, 材料成份。

Sambhāvanā,【陰】敬意,敬重,尊敬。sambhāvanīya,【形】值得尊敬的。

Sambhāveti (sa+bhū+e), 尊敬,致敬,和混合。【過】sambhāvesi。【過sambhāvita。【獨】sambhāvetvā

Sambhindati (sa+bhid打破+-a), 1.混合。2.打破。【過sambhinna

Sambhīta,【過】已驚嚇。

sambh(śrambh), 使平靜、平息

Sambhati (Dhtp 214 in meaning “vissāsa” 信賴), 已安靜(to subside, to be calmed)

sambhu﹐【字根IV.】引導成功(to lead to success)

Sambhuñjati (sa+bhuj+-a), 一起吃。【過】sambhuñji。【獨】sambhuñjitvā

Sambhūta (sambhavati 的【過), 已從,發生

Sambheda,【陽】混淆,混亂。

Sambhoga,【陽】在一起吃,在一起住。

Sambhoti, (sa+bhū+a), 出現,存在,與在一起。參考 Sambhavati

Samma1, 親愛的(只在【呼】中,密友之間的稱呼,D.I,49, 225; DA.I,151; Vin.II,161; J.I,59; PvA.204; plur. sammā Vin.II,161.)

Samma2 (samyak), sammā.

Samma3,【中】鐃鈸(cymbal)sammatāḷa, 鐃鈸(a kind of cymbal)

Sammakkhana,【中】塗。

Sammakkheti (sa+makkh+e), 塗,【過】sammakkhesi。【過sammakkhita。【獨】sammakkhetvā

Sammaggata,【形】走上正軌者。

Sammajjati (sa+majj下沉+a), 掃除,擦亮。【過】sammajji。【過sammajjita, sammaṭṭha。【現sammajjanta。【獨】sammajjitvā。【義】sammajjitabba

Sammajjana, 【中】打掃。

Sammajjanī,【陰】掃帚(broom)

Sammaṭṭha (sammajjati 的【過), 已清掃。

Sammata,【過】已商定,已批准,已尊敬,已指定。samaesu vā samaasammatā於沙門不具沙門資格。

Sammatāla,【陽】鐃鈸(cymbal)

Sammati (sam+a), 安撫,平息,停止,休息,居住,厭倦。

Sammatta (sa+matta),【過】已陶醉,已很高興。(sammā 的抽象) 正確性,正義。sammattaniyata, 正性決定,對體證初道者(須陀洹道)的一種稱呼,他一定會繼續達到最高的體證(阿羅漢果),不會改信異教。SA.25.1-10okkanto sammattaniyāmanti paviṭṭho ariyamagga.(入正決定(正性離生)已進入聖道)

Sammada (saṁ+mada陶醉),【陽】後的睡意。飯後,身體活動旺盛(消化食物),躺下睡覺達不到休息的效果,因此不要養成吃飽就睡的習慣。

Sammadakkhāta,【形】很好地傳道。

Sammadañña, sammadaññāya,【獨】正確地瞭解。

Sammad’eva,【無】適當地,徹底地。

Sammadda,【陽】擁擠。

Sammaddati (sa+madd壓破+a), 踐踏(台語︰thun2 tah8),壓碎。【過】sammaddi。【過sammaddita。【獨】sammadditvā

Sammaddana,【中】踐踏,壓爛。

Sammaddasa,【形】有正見的,正確地看見。

Sammanteti (sa+mant討論+e) 共商。【過】sammantesi。【過sammantita。【獨】sammantetvā。【現sammantayamāna

Sammannati (sa+man+a), 批准,同意,贊成,選擇。【過】sammanni。【過sammannita, sammata。【獨】sammannitvā

Sammappaññā,【陰】正慧。

Sammappadhānā,【中】正精進。

Sammasana (<sammasatisam一起+ mas(mṛś)接觸、感覺),【中】思惟。sammasanañāṇa, 思惟智。sammasanarūpa, 思惟色。

Sammasati (sa+ma+a), 接觸,徹底地知道,思惟(to touch, seize, grasp, know thoroughly, master)。【過】sammasi。【過sammasita。【獨】sammasitvā。【現sammasa, sammasanta(sammasanto); sammasamāna; f. sammasantī

Sammasana (< sammasati), 【中】掌握,熟練(grasping, mastering)

Sammā,【無】正,適當地,正確地,徹底地(日語:思い切り,o-mo-i-ki-li)《雜阿含790經》:「何等為正?謂人,天,涅槃。」sammājīva(sammā-ājīva),【陽】正命。sammākammanta,陽】正業。sammadaññā,陽】正智(It.A.sammadaññāti sammā aññāya.正智:正完全智)sammādiṭṭhi,【陰】正見。sammādiṭṭhika,【形】有正見的。sammāpaipatti,【陰】正行,正行道。sammāpaipanna,【陽】正行者。sammāvattanā,【陰】正操行。sammāvācā,【陰】正語。sammāvāyāma,【陽】正精進。sammāvimutti,【陰】正解脫。sammāsakappa,【陽】正思維。sammāsati,【陰】正念。sammāsamādhi,【陽】正定。sammāsambuddha,【陽】三藐三菩陀,正等覺。sammāsambodhi,【陰】正覺悟。Pārā.III,3.“Evameva kho aha, brāhmaa, avijjāgatāya pajāya aṇḍabhūtāya (Pārā.III,4.) pariyonaddhāya avijjaṇḍakosa padāletvā ekova loke anuttara sammāsambodhi abhisambuddho.  Svāha, brāhmaa, jeṭṭho seṭṭho lokassa”.(婆羅門!正如是也。我為陷於無明、被黑暗所覆蓋之有情,於此世唯一破無明殼,證無上正菩提,圓滿覺悟者。婆羅門!我贊在世界中,實是最長、最勝者。)

Sammākammanta(sammā+kamma+anta),陽】正業,離邪業(離殺盜淫)Dhs.p.64.#300.Katamo tasmi samaye sammākammanto hoti? Yā tasmi samaye tīhi kāyaduccaritehi 1ārati 2virati 3paivirati 4veramaṇī 5akiriyā 6akaraa 7anajjhāpatti 8velā-anatikkamo 9setughāto 10sammākammanto 11maggaga 12maggapariyāpanna-- aya tasmi samaye sammākammanto hoti.(在此時什麽是正業?在此時凡是由三種身惡行1遠離(ārati)2()(virati)3回避(paivirati)4(veramaṇī)5不作(akiriyā無所作)6不為(akaraa不作為)7不犯(anajjhāpatti不違犯)8不超越界限(velā界限+an+atikkamo超越)9(惡緣之)10正業、11道分、12道所攝--在此時是「正業」。) Sp.Pari.VII,1314.Ārakā etehi ramatīti ārati; bhusā vā rati ārati. Vinā etehi ramatīti virati Pacceka pacceka viramatīti paivirati. Vera maati vināsetīti veramaṇī. Na etāya ete (Sp.Pari.VII,1315.) āpattikkhandhā karīyantīti akiriyā. Ya etāya asati āpattikkhandhakaraa uppajjeyya, tassa paipakkhato akaraa. Āpattikkhandha-ajjhāpattiyā paipakkhato anajjhāpatti. Velanato velā; calayanato vināsanatoti attho. Niyyāna sinoti bandhati nivāretīti setu. Āpattikkhandhānameta adhivacana. So setu etāya paññattiyā haññatīti setughāto.(遠離欲樂,為遠離’(ārati)(遠離)愛好,為遠離沒有欲樂,為’(virati)個別個別地避開,為回避’(paivirati)壓倒、破壞怨(),為’(veramaṇī)。罪惡事項無被作,為不作’(akiriyā無所作)沒有任何罪惡事項被產生,對之已離去,為不為’(akaraa不作為)已離去自己已離去犯事項,為不犯’(anajjhāpatti不違犯)。由界限,為界限不超越界限’(velā界限+an+atikkamo超越),為(惡緣之))

Sammājīva (sammā-ājīva),【陽】正命,離邪命。Dhs.p.64.#301.Katamo tasmi samaye sammā-ājīvo hoti?  Yā tasmi samaye micchā-ājīvā 1ārati 2virati 3paivirati 4veramaṇī 5akiriyā 6akaraa 7anajjhāpatti 8velā-anatikkamo 9setughāto 10sammā-ājīvo 11maggaga 12maggapariyāpanna-- aya tasmi samaye sammā-ājīvo hoti.(在此時什麽是正命?在此時凡是由由邪命1遠離(ārati)2()(virati)3回避(paivirati)4(veramaṇī)5不作(akiriyā無所作)6不為(akaraa不作為)7不犯(anajjhāpatti不違犯)8不超越界限(velā界限+an+atikkamo超越)9(惡之)10正命、11道分、12道所攝--在此時是「正命」。)

Sammādiṭṭhi,【陰】正見(right views)S.45.8./V,8-9.「正見」這一項說:“Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi Ya kho, bhikkhave, dukkhe ñāṇa, dukkhasamudaye ñāṇa dukkhanirodhe ñāṇa, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paipadāya ñāṇa--aya vuccati, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi.”(諸比丘!什麽是正見?諸比丘!1苦之智、2苦集之智、3苦滅之智、4導致苦滅之道之智。諸比丘!這稱為正見。)SA.45.1~2./III,117.Sammādiṭṭhīti yāthāvadiṭṭhi niyyānikadiṭṭhi.(正見正確的見解和有利可圖的見解。) DhsA.CS:p.173Sammā passati, sobhanā vā diṭṭhīti sammādiṭṭhi.( 正確地看見,或美的知見,為正見) SA.45.8./III,123.dukkhe ñāṇanti savanasammasanapaivedhapaccavekkhaavasena catūhākārehi uppanna ñāṇa.(苦之智︰於四種行相,已生起暢通思惟、貫通省察自在之智。)

Sammāna,【陽】sammānanā,【陰】敬禮,尊敬。sammānāvamānakkhamo(sammāna尊敬+avamāna輕視+khamo寬恕)﹐寬恕稱揚、毀訾。

Sammāpaidhi﹐正誓願。attasammāpaidhi﹐自持正誓願(即「四攝事」的「利行」)(自持正誓願:這類的自己無戒立戒,無信令信,慳者令捨(惡智令建立正智)KhA.CS:p.112.Attasammāpaidhi nāma idhekacco attāna dussīla sīle patiṭṭhāpeti, assaddha saddhāsampadāya patiṭṭhāpeti, macchari cāgasampadāya patiṭṭhāpeti. (cf.《雜阿含668經》)

Sammāvācā,【陰】正語,離邪語。Dhs.p.63.#299.Katamā tasmi samaye sammāvācā hoti? Yā tasmi samaye catūhi vacīduccaritehi 1ārati 2virati 3paivirati 4veramaṇī 5akiriyā 6akaraa 7anajjhāpatti 8velā-anatikkamo 9setughāto 10sammāvācā 11maggaga 12maggapariyāpanna-- aya tasmi samaye sammāvācā hoti.(在此時什麽是正語?在此時凡是由四種語惡行1遠離(ārati)2()(virati)3回避(paivirati)4(veramaṇī)5不作(akiriyā無所作)6不為(akaraa不作為)7不犯(anajjhāpatti不違犯)8不超越界限(velā界限+an+atikkamo超越)9(惡之)10正語、11道分、12道所攝--在此時是「正語」。)

Sammāvāyāma,【陽】正精進。D.22./II,313.(=S.45.8./V,9.)“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāvāyāmo?  Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannāna pāpakāna akusalāna dhammāna anuppādāya 1chanda janeti 2vāyamati 3vīriya ārabhati 4citta paggahāti padahati; uppannāna pāpakāna akusalāna dhammāna pahānāya 1chanda janeti 2vāyamati 3vīriya ārabhati 4citta paggahāti padahati; anuppannāna kusalāna dhammāna uppādāya 1chanda janeti 2vāyamati 3vīriya ārabhati 4citta paggahāti padahati; uppannāna kusalāna dhammāna hitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā 1chanda janeti 2vāyamati 3vīriya ārabhati 4citta paggahāti padahati.  Aya vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāvāyāmo.(又,諸比丘!什麼是正精進?諸比丘!於此,比丘令不生未生之惡不善法,而1起欲、2精進、3發奮、4策勵心;為斷已生之諸惡不善法,而1起欲、2精進、3發奮、4策勵心;為生起未生之諸善法,而1起欲、2精進、3發奮、4策勵心;為延續已生之諸善法,不混亂、倍修習、廣修習、圓滿,而1起欲、2精進、3發奮、4策勵心。諸比丘!這被稱為正精進。) 1起欲、2精進、3發奮、4策勵心」,《中阿含86經》(T1.563.1)作︰「發欲求、方便、精勤、舉心滅」,《中阿含222經》(T1.806.1)︰「起欲求、方便、行精勤、舉心斷」。其中「斷」、「滅」是誤譯,padahati, padhāna-是「努力、精勤」,不是「斷、滅」(pajahati, pahāna-prajahāti, prahāṇa)

Sammāsati, 【陰】正念。DA.6./I,314.Sammā upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇā sammāsati.(隨侍(念起)之相,為正念) upaṭṭhāna(fr. upa +hā (sthā))﹐【中】現起,隨侍。

Sammāsambuddha,【陽】三藐三菩陀,正等覺。A.1.13./I,22.Tathāgato araha sammāsambuddho. Aya kho, bhikkhave, ekapuggalo loke uppajjamāno uppajjati 1adutiyo 2asahāyo 3appaimo 4appaisamo 5appaibhāgo 6appaipuggalo 7asamo 8asamasamo 9dvipadāna aggo”ti.(世尊說)(如來是阿羅漢、正等正覺者。諸比丘!有一個人出現於世是1獨一無二、2無雙、3無比、4無等比、5無同等、6無等同之補伽羅、7無敵、8無敵中的無敵9足尊。)

Sammiñjati, Sammiñjeti, Samiñjeti (sa+iñj(ṛñj / ṛj )伸展+a), 向後彎曲,後仰,加倍(to bend back, to double up)。【過】sammiñji。【過sammiñjita。【現sammiñjanta。【獨】sammiñjitvā

Sammiñjita, Samiñjita, (pp. of sammiñjati), 後仰,已向後地彎曲(bent back)

Sammissa (sa+missa),【形】混合的。sammissatā,【陰】混合的情況(the state of being mixed, confusion)asammissatā,【陰】不混合的情況。

Sammisseti (sa+mis +e), 混合,搞亂。【過】sammissesi。【過sammissita。【獨】sammissetvā

Sammukha (sa+mukha),【形】對面的,當面的(face to face with, in presence)。【處】在面前。sammukhā,【無】在前面,當面。

Sammukhībhāva (sammukhī+bhāva)﹐對面的。

Sammucchati (sam+mu知道+ya), 衝昏頭腦。【過】sammucchi。【過sammucchita。【獨】sammucchitvā

Sammuñjanī,【陰】掃帚(broom)

Sammuṭṭha(sa+muṭṭha, sammussati 的【過), 已糊塗,已忘記(confused , one who has forgotten(=na ssarati))SA.1.7./I,26.susammuṭṭhāti paññāya appaividdhabhāveneva sunaṭṭhā.(已迷糊︰真的已迷失智慧,已非常滅絕。)

Sammuti (sa+man),【陰】1.同意、許可(consent, permission Vin.III,199.)2.選擇(choice, selection, delegation Vin.III,159.)3.固定、決定(fixing, determination (of boundary) Vin.I,106.)4. 一般同意(common consent, general opinion, convention, that which is generally accepted)sammutisacca,世俗諦(conventional truth)

Sammudita(sammodati的【過),【形】高興的(delighted, delighting in)

Sammuyhati (sa+ muh(muh)昏迷+ya),迷惑,弄糊塗。【過】sammuyhi。【過sammūḷha。【獨】sammuyhitvāsammuyha

Sammuyhana,【中】遺忘,困惑。

Sammussati (sa+mu+ya), 忘記(sammussati, A.I.280.)。【過】sammussi。【過sammuṭṭha。【獨】sammussitvā

Sammūḷha (sammuyhati 的【過), 已忘記,已弄糊塗。

Sammodaka,【形】話說得友善的人。

Sammodati (sa+mud+a), 祝福(greetings)。【過】sammodi。【獨】sammoditvā, sammoditvānasammodanīya katha sāraṇīya vītisāretvā(sārāṇīya sammodanīya katha vītisāreti [for which BSk. sammodanīṁ sarañjanīṁ vividhāṁ kathāṁ vyatisārayati, e. g. AvŚ II.140]), 寒喧,互相問候。

Sammodanā,【陰】歡喜,道賀。sammodanīya,【形】歡喜的,愉快的。

Sammosa, sammoha,【陽】混亂,迷惑。

Sampāka(saṁ+pāka), 1.羹湯(what is cooked, a cooked preparation, concoction Vin.II,259 (maṁsasampāka肉羹湯)); Vv 435 (kolasampāka棗子羹湯); VvA.186.)2.成熟、開展(ripeness, development J.VI,236.)

Saya, 1.【副】自己。2. [seti臥﹑睡眠] 的【現】;=sayati臥﹑睡眠。

Sayañjāta,【形】自生的,化生的。

Sayati (si (śī)+a), 睡覺,躺下(to lie down)。【過】sayi。【現sayanta, sayamāna。【獨】sayitvācf. supati(睡覺)

Sayana (< śī),【中】1睡眠(lying down, sleeping, mañcasayana)2.(bed, couch)sayana attharāpeti, 鋪床(to spread out a bed)sayanasannidhi, 囤積床。sayanakalaha, 床的爭論(a quarrel in the bedroom, a curtain-lecture)sayanāsana, (bed & seat)uccāsayana,【中】大牀(Sp.Mv.V,1086.uccāsayananti pamāṇātikkanta mañca. 高床︰超過尺寸的牀)mahāsayana,【中】大牀,豪華牀(Sp.Mv.V,1086.Mahāsayananti akappiyattharaa.大床︰不適當的鋪設。)sayanighara,【中】睡房。D.2./I,65~6.“Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpa uccāsayanamahāsayana anuyuttā viharanti. Seyyathida-- (1)āsandi (2)pallaka (3)gonaka (4)cittaka (5)paika (6)paalika (7)tūlika (8)vikatika (9)uddalomi (10)ekantalomi (11)kaṭṭissa (12)koseyya (13)kuttaka (14)hatthatthara (15)assatthara (16)rathatthara (17)ajinappavei (18)kadalimigapavarapaccattharaa (19)sa-uttaracchada (20)ubhatolohitakūpadhāna iti vā iti (D.2./I,66.) evarūpā uccāsayanamahāsayanā paivirato hoti. Idampissa hoti sīlasmi.(鑒於有些沙門及婆羅門依靠信眾供養的食物過活,卻享用高且奢侈的床和椅,這即是:(1)高床(高腳椅)(超高的臥床或椅子)(2)椅腳或床腳雕刻(精美的)動物;(3)長羊毛的大毛毯;(4)彩繡羅帳(5)白羊毛毯;(6)花邊的羊毛毯;(7)棉花墊(即︰(兜羅)木棉rukkhatūla、蔓棉lātatūla、草棉poakītūla)(若人造棉或化學纖維則不在此限;若用棉被因非墊被則被許可)(8)有刺繡的羊毛毯;(9)雙面有毛的羊毛毯;(10)單面有毛的羊毛毯;(11)四邊鑲有珠寶的絹絲敷具(12)絲綢毛毯;(13)(可容16人在上面跳舞的)大羊毛地毯;(14)鋪在象背上的毛(15)鋪在馬背上的毛(16) 鋪在車的毛(17)羚羊皮(18) 羚鹿鹿皮(kadalimiga)製的敷具;(19)有華蓋(紅色羅帳)的床;(20)兩端有紅色頭枕和腳枕的床──他戒除使用這些高且奢侈的床和椅。這也是他的戒行。)

(1)Āsandinti pamāṇātikkantāsana. (高床(āsandi)︰超高的臥床或椅子) Anuyuttā viharantīti ida apekkhitvā pana sabbapadesu upayogavacana kata. (2)Pallakoti pādesu vāḷarūpāni hapetvā kato.(獸腳床(pallaka)︰椅腳或床腳雕刻(精美的)動物)  (3)Gonakoti dīghalomako mahākojavo, caturagulādhikāni kira tassa lomāni.(長毛氍(gonaka)長毛的大氍毹,該毛超過四指寬。)  (4)Cittakanti vānavicitta uṇṇāmayattharaa.(彩繡的紗網(cittaka)(有牆壁及)彩繡的紗網等) (5)Paikāti uṇṇāmayo setattharao.(白羊毛毯(paika)白羊毛床單) (DA.1./I,87.) (6)Paalikāti ghanapupphako uṇṇāmayattharao.(花邊毛毯(paalika)繡花的羊毛毯。) Yo āmalakapattotipi vuccati. (7)Tūlikāti tiṇṇa tūlāna aññatarapuṇṇā tūlikā.(棉花墊(即︰木棉rukkhatūla、蔓棉lātatūla、草棉poakītūla)(若人造棉或化學纖維則不在此限;若用棉被因非墊被則被許可) (8)Vikatikāti sīhabyagghādirūpavicitro uṇṇāmayattharao.(繡像毯(vikatika)繡有獅子、老虎等像的彩色羊毛毯。) (9)Uddalomīti ubhayatodasa uṇṇāmayattharaa, keci “ekato-uggatapupphan”ti vadanti.(雙面毛毯(uddhalomi)雙面有毛的羊毛毯。)  (10)Ekantalomīti ekatodasa uṇṇāmayattharaa.  Keci “ubhato-uggatapupphan”ti vadanti.(單面毛毯(ekantalomi)單面有毛的羊毛毯。) (11)Kaṭṭissanti ratanaparisibbita koseyyakaṭṭissamayapaccattharaa.(寶石絹絲品(kaṭṭhissa)︰四邊鑲有寶石的絹絲敷具。) (12)Koseyyanti ratanaparisibbitameva kosiyasuttamayapaccattharaa.(絲綢(koseyya)︰四邊縫有寶石的由絲線織成的敷具。若是純絲綢的則適合使用。) Suddhakoseyya pana vaṭṭatīti Vinaye vutta.  Dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāya pana “hapetvā tūlika sabbāneva gonakādīni ratanaparisibbitāni na vaṭṭantī”ti vutta. (13)Kuttakanti soasanna nāṭakitthīna hatvā naccanayogga uṇṇāmayattharaa.(可容16人在上面跳舞的)大羊毛地毯。)  (14~15)Hatthatthara assattharanti hatthi-assapiṭṭhīsu attharaa-attharakāyeva.(、馬鋪在象、馬上的毛氈。)  (16)Rathattharepi eseva nayo(鋪在車上的毛氈。)  (17)Ajinappaveṇīti ajinacammehi mañcappamāṇena sibbitvā katā (CS:pg.1.84) paveṇī.(羚羊皮蓆(ajinappavei)︰用羚羊皮按床的尺寸縫製成的蓆子。)  (18)Kadalīmigapavarapaccattharaanti kadalīmigacamma nāma atthi, tena kata pavarapaccattharaa; uttamapaccattharaanti attho. Ta kira setavatthassa upari kadalīmigacamma pattharitvā sibbetvā karonti.(咖達離鹿皮特級敷具(kadalimigapavara- paccatthara)︰以名爲咖達離鹿(kadalimiga)之皮所製成的特級敷具是最上等的敷具。將咖達離鹿皮縫在白布上製成。)  (19)Sa-uttaracchadanti saha uttaracchadena, uparibaddhena rattavitānena saddhinti attho. Setavitānampi heṭṭhā akappiyapaccattharae sati na vaṭṭati, asati pana vaṭṭati.(有華蓋者(sa-uttaracchada)︰即在床的上方綁有紅色傘蓋的意思。即使在白色傘蓋下面有不允許的敷具也不適合使用;若沒有則適合使用。) (20)Ubhatolohitakūpadhānanti sīsūpadhānañca pādūpadhānañcāti (DA.1./I,88.) mañcassa ubhatolohitaka upadhāna, eta na kappati. Ya pana ekameva upadhāna ubhosu passesu ratta vā hoti padumavaṇṇa vā vicitra vā, sace pamāṇayutta, vaṭṭati. Mahā-upadhāna pana paikkhitta.(兩端有紅枕者(ubhatolohitakūpadhāna)︰兩端有紅色頭枕和腳枕的床。若只有一個枕頭,即使其兩側是紅色、蓮花色或彩色的,只要尺寸適當,也是可以使用的;如果是大枕頭(超過半身大小)則是禁止的。)這二十種高、大床座中,第一種高床和第二種獸腳床爲「高床座」,其餘十八種爲「大床座」。

比丘或受八戒者禁用「高椅」、「大椅」是避免豪華、奢侈生活,及產生「利養憍」(lābhamado)、「受用憍」(bhogamado)。若是說法的需要,被允許使用高椅、大椅。

Sayambhū,【陽】造物主。

Saya,【無】自己,靠自己,獨自。sayakata,【形】自做的。sayavara,【陽】自己的選擇。

Sayathā (cp. Sk. sayathā or tadyathā; see sa2. The usual P. form is seyyathā),【副】像(like, as)

Sayāna,【形】睡著的,躺下的。

Sayāpita (Sayāpeti的【過) 已躺下。

Sayāpeti (sayati 的【使】), 使入眠,使躺下。

Sayha,【形】可忍受的,能忍耐的。

sar﹐【字根I.1.(=s)移動(to move)2.(to sound)3.記得(to remember)

Sara,【陽】1.箭。2.聲音。3.母音。4.湖。5.纖毛甘蔗( muñja)saratuṇḍa,【中】箭頭。saratira,【中】湖灘。sarabhaga,【陽】斷箭。sarabhañña,【中】吟詠,特別方式的朗誦。sarabhānaka,【陽】背誦經典的人。

Sara3 (m.-nt.) [Vedic saras] a lake; there are seven great lakes (mahā-sarā, viz. Anotatta, Sīhapapāta, Rathakāra, Kaṇṇamuṇḍa, Kuṇāla, Chaddanta, Mandākini); aṇṇava° the ocean; Loc. sare; sarasmi; & sarasi ; jātassara a natural lake.

Saraka,【陽】飲具(杯,碗等)

Saraja,【形】染塵的,不純的。

Saraa1 (cp. Vedic śaraa protection, shelter, house, śarman id.; śālā hall), Saraa,【中】歸依,保護,幫忙,避難所,庇護所(shelter, house; refuge, protection; especially the three refuges-the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Brotherhood;常用的動詞upeti, gacchati, yāti)saraṇāgamana,【中】歸依。 【反】asaraa, asaraṇībhūta﹐無保護。

佛教常用的三歸依文(tisaraa)如下︰

(第二、三遍,或開頭加上︰Dutiyam’pi(第二遍)Tatiyam’pi(第三遍))

Buddha     saraa    gacchāmi.

(m.s.Acc.) 皈依(n.s.Acc.) 我去(1s.pres.)

菩湯         沙拉曩     鵝恰密  ( 我皈依佛 )

Dhamma  saraa  gacchāmi.

(m.s.Acc.) 皈依     我去

湯忙       沙拉曩   鵝恰密      ( 我皈依法 )

Sagha  saraa  gacchāmi.

(m.s.Acc.) 皈依    我去

三康      沙拉曩   鵝恰密  ( 我皈依僧 )

S.40.10./IV,270.Buddhasaraagamanahetu kho, devānaminda, evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā para maraṇā sugati sagga loka upapajjanti.(天主!由歸依佛之因,於此處有情身壞命終後,得生於善趣天界。)

A.3.24./I,123.Ya, bhikkhave, puggala āgamma puggalo Buddha saraa gato hoti, dhamma saraa gato hoti, sagha saraa gato hoti; aya, bhikkhave, puggalo imassa puggalassa bahukāro.(諸比丘!若有人引人來歸依佛陀、歸依法、歸依僧伽。諸比丘!此人是多益於人者。)

A.1.14./I,25-6.Etadagga bhikkhave, mama sāvakāna upāsakāna pahama saraa gacchantānayadida Tapussabhallikā (=Tapassubhallikā)Vāṇijā”.(諸比丘!我的弟子當中,(排名)第一的優婆塞,最初歸依者,是多梨富沙(Tapussa)、婆梨迦(Bhallikā)二商人。)

Saraa2 (sa+raa),【形】諍,伴隨爭端(concomitant with war)

Saraa3 (<sm; i. e. sarati2)【中】記得(remembrance)saraatā (f.) remembering.

Saraṇīya (grd. formation fr. saraa2),【形】【中】應該記得的(something to be remembered )寒喧cha sārāṇīyā dhammā六和敬法、六可念法、六慰勞法(mettākāyakamma, mettāvacīkamma, mettāmanokamma, sādhāraabhogitā, sīlasāmaññatā, dhiṭṭhisāmaññatā)身業、慈語業、慈意業、所獲得與同梵行者俱、戒同見同(Vin.V. 92~93; D.33./III,245.; A.6.11/III,288 ~ 289.)《中阿含196經》︰「慈身業(口業、意業)向諸梵行,法是慰勞法、愛法、樂法,令愛令重,令奉令敬,令修令攝,得沙門,得一心,得精進,得涅槃。云云。」(T1.755b)

Sarati1(sar(s)移動+a),向前移動。【過】sari。【獨】saritvā。【現saranta

Sarati2(sm記得+a), 記得。sareyyātha(2pl.opt.)

Sarati3 (<śṛ) 壓碎(to crush)

Sarada,【陽】秋天,年。saradasamaya,【陽】雨季過後的季節。

Sarabū(cp. Sk. saraa),【陽】壁虎、蜥蜴(a lizard台語:杜定too7 ting7)

Sarabha,【陽】鹿(deer)

Sarala, 長葉松(喜馬拉雅松) (the tree Pinus longifolia S.56.32./V,438. J.V,420.)

Saravant (sara5+vant,【形】1.有聲的(having or making a sound, well-sounding Vin.I,182; A.III,375.)2.有噪音(with a noise Mhvs 25, 38.)

Sarasa(sa3+rasa),【形】有鑒賞力的,雅致的(with its essential properties (see rasa) Nd1 43; sarasabhāva a method of exposition DhsA.71.)

Sarasī,【陰】大池塘(a large pond)sarasīruha,【中】睡蓮。

Sarāga (sa+rāga),【形】有染的(connected with lust, passionate)

Sarājika,【形】包括國王的。

Sarāva(=sarāvaka) (Sk. śarāva),茶杯,茶托,淺碟(a cup, saucer A.I,161; J.I,8; M.III,235 for patta)

Sari, 身體(according to Payogasiddhi=sarisa (sadisa) cp. sarīvaṇṇa J.II,439 (=samāna-vaṇṇa, C.))

Sarikkha (cp. Sk. sadka, fr. sadṛś=P. sadisa),【形】像,相似(like, resembling S.I,66; J.I,443; III,262.)

Sarikkhaka (=sarikkha,【形】與...一致,相似(in accordance with, like)

Sarikkhatā (fr. sarikkha) ,【陰】相似(resemblance, likeness J.III,241 (ta° being like that); VvA.6 (cp. kammasarikkhatā).

Sarikkhatta (fr. sarikkha) ,【中】相似(likeness DhsA.63; as sarikkhakatta (kamma°) at DhsA.347.

Saritabba,【義】可以記得。

Sarita1(pp. of sarati1)向前移動(gone, set into motion Dh.341 (=anusaa, payāta DhA.IV,49))

Sarita2 (pp. of sarati2), 記得(remembered Vin.II,85.)

Saritā (<sarati1),【陰】河。

Saritu,【陽】記得的人。

Sarīra,【中】身體,舍利sarīrakicca,【中】身體的舒適,身體的功能,葬禮。sarīraṭṭhaka身體的骨架。sarīraṭṭha,【形】放在身體上的。sarīradhātu,【陰】佛舍利。sarīranissanda,【陽】身體的排泄物。sarīraparikamma,【中】身體的準備(attending the body)sarīrappabhā,【陰】身體的光彩。sarīramasa,【中】體肉。sarīravaṇṇa,【陽】體貌。sarīravalañja,【陽】身體的排泄物,糞。sarīravalañjaṭṭhāna,【中】廁所。sarīrasaṇṭhāna,【中】體形,體相。

sarīraṭṭha,【形】放在身體上的。A10.49./V,88.“Dasayime, bhikkhave, dhammā sarīraṭṭhā. Katame dasa? (1)Sīta, (2)uha, (3)jighacchā, (4)pipāsā, (5)uccāro, (6)passāvo, (7)kāyasavaro(kāya+sa一起+var(v)遮蓋) (8)vacīsavaro, (9)ājīvasavaro, (10)ponobhaviko(ponobbhaviko) bhavasakhāro-- Ime kho, bhikkhave, dasa dhammā sarīraṭṭhā”ti.(諸比丘!這十個置於身體的法:(1)冷、(2)煖、(3)饑、(4)渴、(5)大便、(6)小便、(7)身遮護、(8)語遮護、(9)活命遮護、(10)當來有之有行。)

SarisapaSarīsapa (=sirisapa﹐梵 sarīsṛpa)﹐【中】毒蟲(蠍、蛇等)(a (long) creeping animal, serpent etc.)

Siriṁsapatta,【中】毒蟲性(the state of being a creeping thing D.II,57.)

Sarūpa,【形】有相同的外形的,有外形的。sarūpatā【陰】類似處。

Saroja, saroruha,【中】睡蓮。

Sarvāstivāda, 【梵語】說一切有部,部派佛教派別。音譯薩婆多部﹐簡稱有部或一切有部。約在逝世後300年之際﹐從上座部分出。在此後半個世紀內﹐又有犢子﹑法上﹑密林山等部從此部分出﹐所以也稱根本說一切有部。學說 以阿毗達磨為立論依據﹐主張法體恆有﹐即把世間一切現象分為有為法和無為法兩類。有為法是因緣和合的產物﹐有生(產生)﹑住(持續)﹑異(變化)﹑滅(毀滅)四相。有為法計四種﹕表現物質現象的﹐稱為色法﹔表現生理或精神現象的眼﹑耳﹑鼻﹑舌﹑身﹑意六識的﹐稱心法﹔各種心理作用稱心所法﹔心﹑色之外具有生滅的各種現象﹐稱心不相應法。無為法指非因緣和合﹑無生滅變化的各種現象。據此五法又細分為七十五種﹐統稱五位七十五法(http://db2.library.ntpu.edu.tw/cpedia/Content.asp?ID=62985)

Salakkhaa1(sa3+lakkhaasvalakaa),【形】連同特性的(together with the characteristics)

Salakkhaṇa2 (sa1+lakkhaṇasvalakaa)【中】自己的特性(自相)。【反】共相(sāmañña-lakkhaa;梵sāmānya-lakaa)。《阿毘達磨大毘婆沙論》說:「分別一物相者,是分別自相;分別多物相者,是分別共相」(T27.217)。自相是一法(心、心所、色)的各自的特相;共相,有為法(究竟名法及究竟真實色法(18完成色))的共同特相,即無常、苦、無我(包括:空)。《大毘婆沙論》卷三八(T27.196.3)說:「諸法自性,即是諸法自相。同類性是共相。」

Salabha,【陽】蠹,蚱蜢,蝗蟲。

Salāka(Sk.syāla+ka)﹐夫或妻的兄弟(a brother-in-law)

Salākā,【陰】草葉,傘骨,手術用的工具,籌,木片salākavutta,【形】以木片的食物維生salākakagga,【中】分木片()房。salākagāha,【陽】取票(),取選票。salākagāhāpaka,【陽】選票的分發者。salākabhatta(=niccadāna常施﹐(AA.4.39.)),【中】以木片(木瓢)分發食物。

Salāṭu, salāṭuka,【形】未熟的。

Salābha,【陽】自己的利益。

Salila, Salia,【中】【形】水。saliladhārā,【陰】陣雨,淋浴。salilatala ,【中】水面。salila āpo, 流動的水(flowing water)

Salla(Vedic śalya, cp. śalākā),【陽】箭(飛鑣),樹樁,豬的剛毛,外科的工具(an arrow, dart)antodosasalla﹐內瞋箭。abhūḷhasalla﹐箭。tahāsalla﹐渴愛箭。bhavasalla﹐有箭。Nd1 59 七箭:rāga﹐染箭。 dosasalla﹐瞋箭。mohasalla﹐癡箭。mānasalla﹐慢箭。diṭṭhisalla﹐見箭。sokasalla﹐愁箭。kathakathāsalla﹐箭。

Sallaka,【陽】豪豬、箭豬(a porcupine)

Sallakī (cp. Class. Sk. śallakī),【陰】橄欖科植物乳香木(Boswellia thurifera Boswellia sacra)產出的含有揮發油的香味樹脂「乳香」(frankincense),古代用於宗教祭典,也當作熏香料(製造熏香、精油的原料)使用。乳香也是中藥的一種外科和内科藥材,用於止痛、化瘀、活血。

Sallaviddha,【形】被(飛鑣)刺穿的。

Sallakatta,【陽】外科醫生。sallakattiya,【中】外科手術。

Sallakkhaa,【中】sallakkhaṇā,【陰】識別力,考慮。

Sallakkheti (sa+lakkh +e), 觀察,考慮,想。【過】sallakkhesi。【過sallakkhita。【獨】sallakkhetvā。【現sallakkhenta。【義】sallakkhetabba

Sallapati (san+lap嘮叨+a), 交談,與交談。【過】sallapi。【現sallapanta。【獨】sallapitvā

Sallapana,【中】說話。

Sallahuka,【形】輕的,節儉的,簡樸的sallahukavutti, 簡樸生活。KhA.241.Sallahukā vutti assāti sallahukavutti.(生活簡樸︰是簡樸生活(習慣))

Sallāpa,【陽】友好的談話。

Sallikhati (sa+likh+a), 切片。【過】sallikhi。【過sallikhita。【獨】sallikhitvā

Sallīna, [sallīyati隱退] 的【過】。

Sallīyati (sa+lī執著+ya), 隱退。【過】sallīyi。【獨】sallīyitvā

Sallīyanā,【陰】遲鈍,隔離。

Sallekha,【陽】削減(effacement),嚴峻的懺悔(austere penance)

Saḷāyatana (=chaḷāyatanacha-āyatana),【中】六處(眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意)kāya paicca salāyatanika jīvitapaccayā, 身六處命存(依於生命的六處之身)

Savaka,【形】有彎曲的。

Savaa (<suṇātisu(śru)),【中】聽,耳朵。【陽】女宿(二十七星宿之一)

Savaṇīya,【形】悅耳的。

Savana,【中】流動。

Savati (su擠向前+a), 流。【過】savi。【現savanta。【獨】savitvā

Savantī,【陰】河。

Savighāta,【形】帶來惱怒的。

Saviññāṇaka,【形】有生氣的,有意識的。

Savitakka,【形】有尋的,有推理陪伴的。

Savibhattika,【形】包括一個分級的。

Savera,【形】與敵意連接的。

Savyañjana,【形】連同佐料的,連同好文學的。

Sasa,【陽】野兔。sasalakkhaa, sasalañchana,【中】月亮的兔影。sasavisāṇa,【中】兔角(不可能性)

Sasakka,【副】當然,確定地。

Sasaka,【陽】月亮。

Sasakhāra(sa+sakhāra)﹐【陽】加行。

Sasati (sas+a), 呼吸,活著。

Sasattha,【形】有武器的。

Sasambhāra(sa3+sambhāra),【形】有成份的有配料的(with the ingredients or constituents)

Sasī(sasin) (Sk. śaśin, fr. śaśa),【陽】月亮。【形】有兔的。

Sasīsa(sa3+sīsa),【形】連同頭(together with the head)sasīsa﹐直到頭(up to the head)sasīsaka, 頭和全身(head and all)

Sasura,【陽】岳父,家翁

Sasena,【陽】有軍隊陪伴。

Sassa,【中】玉黍蜀,農作物。sassakamma,【中】農業。sassakāla, 收割時季。sassaghāta﹐破壞農作物。

Sassata,【形】永恒的。sassatadiṭṭhi,【陰】sassatavāda,【陽】常見(持永恒主義,與斷見’ ucchedadiṭṭhi相反的)sassatavādī,【陽】信仰常見者(持永恒主義者)

Sassati,【陰】永恒。sassatika,【形】信仰常見者。

Sassamaabrāhmana, sassamaa-brāhmana,【形】包括沙門和婆羅門的。

Sassāmika(sa+sāmin+ka),【形】1.有丈夫的(having a husband, married)2.有主人的(having a master, belonging to somebody)

Sassirīka(sa3+sirī+ka),【形】光榮的,燦爛的(glorious, resplendent)

Sassu, Sassū(Vedic śvaśrū),【陰】婆母(家娘),岳母,婆婆(mother-inlaw )Gen. sassuyā; sassudeva﹐把婆婆當作神明一樣服侍(worshipping one’s mother-in-law as a god)

sah﹐【字根I.】忍耐(to endure)遭受(to suffer)cp. (sah)勝過(prevail)

Saha1(連詞), 與,一起,附有,伴隨。sahagata,【形】和有關的,具有的,俱行sahaja, sahajāta,【形】俱生的,一起出生的。sahajīvī,【形】與一起住的。sahajīvinī,【陰】同住女伴。sahanandī,【形】共慶的。sahadhammika,【形】同修。sahabhū,【形】一起出現的。sahayoga,【陽】連接,合作,saha 的應用。sahavāsa,【陽】一起住。sahaseyyā,【陰】同房。sahasokī,【形】分憂(一起傷心)

Saha2(<sah),【形】持久的,不朽的(submitting to, enduring )sabbasaha﹐持久的。dussaha﹐難以持久的(hard to endure)

Sahajātapaccaya俱生緣。《發趣論》(Paṭṭhāna)(CS:p.1.4):「俱生緣(Sahajātapaccaya)1.四非有色法(cattāro arūpimo dhammā﹐受...識之四蘊)是互相之俱生緣為緣,2.四大種是互相之俱生緣為緣,3.入胎剎那(okkantikhae,相同於在結生剎那’)之名與(心所依處)色是互相之俱生緣為緣,4.‘諸心心所法心等起諸色之俱生緣為緣,5.四大種依諸所造色之俱生緣為緣,6.諸色法(心所依處色)某時(在結生剎那)依諸非有色法(四蘊)之俱生緣為緣,某時(在轉起時)不依俱生緣為緣。」

Sahakāra,【陽】一種香芒果。

Sahasākāra﹐【陽】打家劫舍(的匪徒)Sahasākāroti sāhasikakiriyā. Geha pavisitvā manussāna ure sattha hapetvā icchitabhaṇḍāna gahaa.(打家劫舍劫匪。闖入家裡,在人的胸口置刀,搶劫財物。)

Sahati(sah忍耐+a), 1.克服(to conquer, defeat, overcome)2.忍受忍耐(to bear, endure)3.能幹(to be able)。【過】sahi。【現sahanta, sahamāna。【獨】sahitvā

Sahattha(sa4+hattha),【陽】自己的手,親手(one’s own hand)

Sahatthin(sa3+hatthin),【形】跟象在一起(together with the elephant)

Sahana,【中】忍耐。

Sahampati, 娑婆主梵天(Sahampatibrahmā)SA.6.1./I,198.Sahampatissāti so kira Kassapassa Bhagavato sāsane Sahako nāma thero pahamajjhāna nibbattetvā pahamajjhānabhūmiya kappāyukabrahmā hutvā nibbatto.  Tatra na “sahampatibrahmā”ti paisañjānanti.  Ta sandhāyāha “brahmuno sahampatissā”ti.( ‘娑婆主梵天︰在迦葉世尊的教中,有一位叫做娑婆(Sahako)的比丘,證得阿那含果,死後投生於初禪天,有初禪地壽命的梵天,在那裡,他關聯到溯往(名字故)稱為娑婆主梵天) 《經集注》SnA.II,476. (3-10.Kokālikasuttavaṇṇanā)說他︰「死後投生於五淨居天」(suddhāvāsesu uppanno)

Sahavya(<sahāya, cp. Sk. sāhāyya),【中】sahavyatā(=sahabyatā),【陰】交誼,友誼( companionship)

Sahasā,【副】突然,強制地(forcibly, hastily, suddenly)sahasākāra﹐暴力(violence)

Sahassa(Sk. sahasra),【中】千。sahassakkha,【陽】千眼帝釋。sahassakkhattu,【副】千次。sahassagghanaka,【形】值千的。sahassatthavikā,【陰】sahassabhaṇḍikā,【陰】有一千金幣的袋子。sahassadhā,【副】一千個方法。sahassanetta, 參考sahassakkhasahassarasī,【陽】太陽。sahassāra,【形】有千輻的。sahassamaṇḍalachatta﹐千輪華蓋。

Sahassika,【形】由一千個部分所組成的(thousandfold)

Sahassikasīlokadhātu,【陰】一千世界(a thousandfold world, a world system )S.56.11./V,424.Ayañca dasasahassilokadhātu sakampi sampakampi sampavedhi.(這一萬個世界震動、大震動、強烈震動)。《長阿含30經》:「佛告諸比丘。如一日月周行四天下。光明所照。如是千世界。千世界中有千日月.千須彌山王.四千天下.四千大天下.四千海水.四千大海.四千龍.四千大龍.四千金翅鳥.四千大金翅鳥.四千惡道.四千大惡道.四千王.四千大王.七千大樹.八千大泥犁.十千大山.千閻羅王.千四天王.千忉利千焰摩天.千兜率天.千化自在天.千他化自在天.千梵天。是為小千世界。如一小千世界。爾所小千千世界。是為中千世界。如一中千世界。爾所中千千世界。是為三千大千世界。」(T1.114中;cf. 大樓炭經卷第一﹐T1.277)三千大千世界究竟多大,無法詳知。一千個世界(每個世界包括四大洲cattāro dīpā、日月等),名為「小千世界」。1000個小千世界,名「中千世界」(100萬個世界)1000個中千世界,名「大千世界」(十億個世界),或稱「三千大千世界」。大千世界,有百俱胝(koi, 1,000,000,000)四天下、日月等。我們這個大千世界,叫娑婆(sahā)世界,據目前的天文資料,我們所處的銀河系(星系),約有兩千億個恆星,聚集成直徑約十萬光年的圓盤,中央較厚;以本銀河系為中心,半徑200多萬光年的範圍內,有三十多個銀河系,半徑6500萬光年,有超過2500個銀河系,宇宙至少有五百多億銀河系。離太陽最近的恆星約有4.3光年(9.46×1012公里),肉眼所能見到的恆星,都在數光年~數百光年,約6000(山上觀望)

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太陽系位於銀河系有四個旋臂,太陽在其中之一旋臂。

黑點是太陽的位置。中央黑色帶狀是銀河面拖長的雲氣及灰塵等。

Sahā, 【梵】沙婆,沙訶。

Sahāya, sahāyaka,【陽】朋友,盟友。sahāyatā,【陰】友誼。

Sahita,【形】帶有的,兼有的,聯合的,放在一起的,一致的。【中】文學,經文,取火的鑽木。【反】asahita

Sahitabba (sahati 的【義】), 應該忍耐。

Sahitar(ag. fr. sahati),【中】忍耐的人(one who endures)

Sahetuka,【形】有因素的。

Sahoha,【形】連同賊贓的。

Sā,【陽】狗。

Sā,【陰】(ta 的【主】) 她。

Sāka (Epic Sk. śāka),【陽】【中】1.蔬菜,葉用蔬菜(vegetable, potherb)2.柚木(a teak treeTectona grandis。屬於馬鞭草科落葉喬木。單葉對生,新葉成紅褐色,幼嫩部分密被毛茸,摸起來有毛絨絨的感覺,成熟橢圓的葉片十分碩大,葉面粗糙且有硬毛之瘤粒。一般柚木的花期在夏、秋兩季,屬於圓錐花序;花細小約有5~6片花瓣,花色有黃、藍、白色且具有芳香氣息。柚木枝幹粗壯且葉片碩大,生長緩慢,材質細密。)sākapaṇṇa,【中】蔬菜葉。sākavatthu﹐菜園(ground for cultivation of vegetables)

Sākaccha,【陽】交談,討論。(A.5.65./III,81.alasākaccho暢談。)

Sākacchā,【陰】交談,討論。

Sākatika,【陽】運貨馬車夫(carter)

Sākalya,【中】整體。

Sākiya,【形】釋迦族的。sākiyānī,【陰】釋迦族女。

Sākuika, sākuntika,【陽】捕鳥者。

Sākhā,【陰】分枝(branch)

Sākhānagara,【中】市郊。

Sākhāpalāsa,【中】樹枝(樹椏ㄧㄚ,台語:漳音we1,泉音e1)和樹葉

Sākhābhaga,【陽】斷枝。

Sākhāmiga(sākhā樹枝+miga野獸),【陽】猴子。

Sākhī,【陽】樹。

Sāgata,【無】冰雹,歡迎。

Sāgara,【陽】海洋,大海。

Sāgāra,【形】住家的,有家的。

Sācariyaka(sa3+ācariya+ka),【形】連同老師的(together with one’s teacher)

Sāciyoga(sāci+yoga; cp. Sk. sāci crooked),走後門(crooked ways, insincerity)

Sājīva,【中】生命的規則,比丘戒(rule of life, precept governing the monastic life of the Buddhist bhikkhus Vin III.2416sājīvasamāpanna, 【形】獲得了比丘戒及生活規則。sājīvakara, 【形】(one who supports J.IV.42 (=sa-ājīvakara, C.) )

Sāṭa(cp. Sk. śāṭa), 外衣衣料(a garment, cloth)sāṭi【陰】。

Sāṭaka(sāṭa+ka),【陽】sāṭikā,【陰】寬大外衣,衣料(an outer garment, cloak, cloth)sāṭakalakkhaa(prognostication drawn from pieces of cloth)

Sāṭetar (ag. fr. sāṭeti),【中】拂(one who dispels, drives away)

Sāṭheyya(ṣāṭhya),【中】諂(craft, treachery。詐騙,屬於覆真實,瞋。AA.2.16./II,163.騙人的相,稱為。」Kerāṭikalakkhaa sāṭheyya.)

Sāṇa1(cp. Sk. śāṇa hempen),【中】麻,麻布(hemp; a coarse hempen cloth)sāṇavāka, 麻,麻布。sāṇasāṭaka(Vism.54.), 粗麻衣。

Sāṇa2 (sa+ia), 負債(having a debt, indebted, fig. subjected to the kilesas, imperfect)

Sāṇī(< saa),【陰】1.麻布(hemp-cloth)2.屏,簾。(a screen, curtain, tent)

Sāṇipasibbaka,【陽】麻布袋。

Sāṇipākāra,【陽】(麻布製的)屏壁。

Sāta (cp. *Sk. śāta),【中】快樂,安樂(pleasant, agreeable)。【形】愉快的,愜意的。sātakumbha,【陽】愉悅的水壺(指黃金gold)sāṇilakkhaa【中】舒適相。asāta,【反】不快樂。cf. kauka,【形】【中】苦痛()D.16./II,128~9.acchodakā sātodakā sītodakā setodakā suppatitthā ramaṇīyā.(其水澄潔,愉悅,清涼,純淨,易得,令人喜悅。) JA.VI,238.sātaputtāti amaccaputtā.(高貴的孩子︰樞密院官員的孩子。)

Sātakumbha,【中】黃金。

Sātacca,【中】繼續,毅力(ge7 lek8)sātaccakārī,【陽】不斷地行動。sātaccakiriyā,【陰】毅力。

Sātatika,【形】不斷地行動的。

Sāti,【陰】亢宿(二十七星宿之一)

Sātireka,【形】擁有多出的東西的。

Sāttha, sātthaka,【形】有用的,有利的,有意思的。

Sāthalika,【形】昏睡的,不嚴格的習慣。

Sādara,【形】親愛的,表現關心的。sādara,【副】摯愛地。

Sādāna(sa+ādāna),【形】黏著於世間、情感(attached to the world, passionate)

Sāditar(ag. fr. sādiyati),【中】接受者(one who accepts, appropriates.)

Sādiyati(cp. BSk. svādīyati; Med.-Pass fr. *sādeti, caus. of svad), 自我享受、允許(lit. to enjoy for oneself, to agree to, permit, let take place)。【過】sādiyi。【未】sādiyissati

Sādiyanā, (<sādiyati)【陰】appropriating, accepting.

Sādiyati (sad+i+ya), 接受,享受,同意,允許。【過】sādiyi。【過sādita。【現sādiyanta, sādiyamāna。【獨】sādiyitvā

Sādiyana,【中】sadiyanā,【陰】接受,據爲己有。

Sādisa,【形】同樣的,相似的。

Sādu,【形】甜蜜的,愉快的。sādutara,【形】更甜的,更愉快的。sādurasa,【形】有合意的味道的。

Sādhaka,【形】效應的,完成的。【中】證明。

Sādhana,【中】1.求證。2.解決。3.影響。4.清債。suttasādhana, 經引證(引經為證)

Sādhāraa (sa+ādhāraa),【形】共通的一般的(general, common, joint)sādhāraapaññatti, 共通制。

Sādhika(sa+adhika),【形】有多餘的(having something beyond)(sādhikaporisa, 深踰人身exceeding a man’s height M.I,74, 365; A.III,403.)

Sādhita (sādheti 的【過)已完成。

Sādhiya(< sādh),【形】可完成的(that which can be accomplished)

Sādhu(Vedic sādhu, fr. sādh),【形】1.是的,善的,好的,吉祥的(good, virtuous, pious)2.利益的,功德的,有品德的,有利潤的(profitable, proficient, meritorious Dh.35, 206 (=sundara美麗, bhaddaka 賢能DhA.III,271))。【副】善,好,徹底地。sādhuka,【副】善,好,徹底地。sādhukamyatā,【陰】想要精通。sādhukāra,【陽】喝彩,鼓掌,贊成,叫好。sādhukīḷana,【中】神聖的節日。sādhurūpa,【形】好性情的。sādhusammata,【形】非常尊敬的,有品德所接受的。

Sādheti (caus. of  sādh+e), 1.實現,努力(to accomplish, further, effect)2.繁榮(to make prosperous)3.安排,準備(to arrange, prepare)4.執行(to perform, execute)5.澄清,結論(to make clear, bring to a (logical) conclusion, to prove)。【過】sādhesi。【獨】sādhetvā。【現sādhenta

Sānu,【陰】【中】高原(ridge, a table land)

Sānucara(sa3+anucara),【形】連同從者的(together with followers)

Sānuvajja(sa+anuvajja),【形】可責備的(blameable)

Sāpa(< sap, cp. Sk. śāpa),【陽】詛咒(a curse)

Sāpateyya(sa(sva)+pateyya (abstr. fr. pati)),【中】財産,財富(property, wealth)

Sāpattika(sa3+āpatti+ka),【形】犯了戒條者(one who has committed a sin)

Sāpada (cp. Sk. śvāpada),【中】野獸捕食(a beast of prey)

Sāpadesa(sa+apadesa),【形】有理由的(with reasons)

Sāpekkha, sāpekha(sa+apekhā),【形】有希望之人,期待的,渴望的,掛念的(longing for)

Sāma1(cp. Vedic śyāma black & śyāva brown),【形】1.黑色的黑暗的(black, dark (something like deep brown) (°a mukha dark, i. e. on account of bad spirits); 【反】白(odāta)2.(yellow, of a golden colour, beautiful; suvaṇṇa-sāmā, suvaṇṇa-vaṇṇa))。【陰】sāmā

Sāma2(perhaps=Vedic sāman),【中】1.和平。2.吠陀經((印度最古的宗教文獻和文學作品的總稱)中之一部分的名字。song, sacred song, devotion, worship, propitiation D.II,288.)

Sāma,【無】自己,獨自(self, of oneself)asāma-pāka, 自己(not cooking for oneself)sāmaññeva=sāma yeva

Sāmaggī(<samagga(a.)和合),【陰】sāmaggiya,【中】和合,和睦,團結(completeness, a quorummeeting, communion; unanimity, concord)

Sāmacca(sa2+amacca),【形】連同部長或朋友的(together with the ministers)

Sāmañña,【中】符合,一般性,出家人的身份。sāmaññatā,【陰】適合,對出家人的尊敬。sāmaññaphala,【中】沙門果,出家生活的果報。sāmaññe anapekkhavanto﹐不求符節

Sāmaññaphalasutta,【中】沙門果經(在耆婆(Jīvako)供養的芒果林的某月十五日月圓夜裡,佛陀為摩羯陀國阿闍世王(Ajātasattu未生怨)解答種種沙門果。菩提比丘編譯《沙門果經及其註疏》推斷:此經應該是在佛陀一生的最後五年裡開示的。)

Sāmaaka,【形】有沙門的價值,沙門所需要的。

Sāmaera (<samaṇa; cp.BSk. śrāmaṇeraka),【陽】沙彌(a novice),音譯︰沙馬內拉。《南海寄歸內法傳》卷第三, T54.219.2)︰「室羅末尼羅(譯為求寂。言欲求趣涅槃圓寂之處。舊云沙彌者,言略而音訛翻作息慈,意准而無據也。)

  Vin.Mv.I,85.Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, dasahagehi samannāgata sāmaera nāsetu.  1Pāṇātipātī hoti, 2adinnādāyī hoti, 3abrahmacārī hoti, 4musāvādī hoti, 5majjapāyī hoti, 6Buddhassa avaṇṇa bhāsati, 7dhammassa avaṇṇa bhāsati, 8saghassa avaṇṇa bhāsati, 9micchādiṭṭhiko hoti, 10bhikkhunidūsako hoti-- anujānāmi, bhikkhave, imehi dasahagehi samannāgata sāmaera nāsetunti.(諸比丘我允許滅擯具足十支的沙彌1殺生2不與取3非梵行4妄語5飲酒6謗佛7謗法8謗僧9邪見10污比丘尼。諸比丘!我允許滅擯具足此十支的沙彌。)

 

違犯

悔改

不悔改

殺生、不與取、非梵行、妄語、飲酒

重新受戒

形相滅擯

謗佛、謗法、謗僧、邪見

處罰後令懺悔

污比丘尼

形相滅擯

Sāmaerī,【陰】沙彌尼。

Sāmatthiya,【中】能力。

Sāmanta,【中】附近接近。【形】邊界的,附近的。

Sāmayika,【形】1.宗教性的。2.暫時的。

Sāmā,【陰】粟( Piyagu),黑膚色的女人。

Sāmājika,【陽】(集會的)成員。

Sāmika,【陽】丈夫,夫婿,主人。

Sāminī,【陰】主婦,女主人。

Sāmivacana (Sk. aṣṭhī),〔巴利語法〕【中】屬格,領屬格(genitive)

Sāmisa (sa+āmisa財、味、利益),【形】物質的,有味的,肉的。

Sāmī(Sāmin)(cp. Sk. svāmin, fr. sva=sa4),【陽】1.擁有者,統治者,主人(owner, ruler, lord, master)2.丈夫(husbandsāmi, Voc.=“my lord”)Voc. sāmi “Sir”f. sāminīSee also suvāminassāmin not rulingf. sāminī wife

Sāmīcī & sāmīci-,【陰】適當的進程,友好的待遇(和合)sāmīcikamma,【中】適當的行爲,尊崇。sāmīcipaipanna,【形】進入適當的進程。

Sāmuddika (fr. samudda),【形】航海事業的,海的(seafaring)

Sāya (cp. Sk. sāya), 晚上(evening, only adverbially sāya, at night)(early e.g. sāya-pāta(朝暮); sāya-pāta(朝暮); sāyañ ca pāto ca(朝暮); sāya-tatiyaka,夜之第三分(2am-6am); sāyamāsa, 晚餐(supper)atisāya,太遲(too late)sāyatara,深夜(later in the evening)

Sāyaka,【形】品嘗的人。

Sāyaha(sāya+aha, cp. Sk. Sāyāhna),【陽】傍晚(evening)sāyahasamaya, sāyahakāla,【陽】黃昏(at evening time)atisāyaha,【陽】很晚的黃昏(late evening)

Sāyati (sā使得細或純+yaSk. svādate, cp. sādiyati), 品嘗(to taste, eat)。【過】sāyi。【過sāyita。【現sāyanta。【獨】sāyitvā

Sāyana1 (fr. sāyati) ,【中】嘗味(tasting, taste Dhtp 229.)sāyanīya,【形】可吃的。

Sāyana2, 龍樹(the Nāga tree (cp. nāga 3) J.VI,535 (vāraṇā sā yanā=nāgarukkhā, C., ibid. 535, var. read. vāyana))

Sāyika, -sāyika (fr. śī) ,【形】躺(lying, sleeping, resting in)

Sāyita (pp. of sāyati, cp. sāditar),已品嘗((having) tasted, tasting)

Sāyin (fr. śī) ,【形】躺(lying Dh.325.)

Sāra (Vedic sāra nt.),【陽】1.精髓(essential, most excellent)2.木心,最精髓的部份((m.) the innermost, hardest part of anything, see also pheggu)3.實質,本質(substance, essence)4.有價值的(value)。【形】必要的,優良的,強壯的。sāragandha,【陽】心木的氣味。sāragabbha, 寶藏(a treasury J.III,408; V,331.sāradāru, 實木(strong, durable wood J.II,68.)sāragavesin,【形】尋求本質者(=sārapariyesana)sāramaya(=sārarukkhamaya),【形】硬木製的。sārabhaṇḍa(ka) , 無有價值的(a bundle of one’s best things J.II,225.)sārabhūmi, 實土,好土(good soil J.II,188.)sāramañjūsā, 實木寶函(a box made of choice wood J.IV,335.)sāravant,【形】有價值的,有核心的,有木髓的。sārasāra(=nissāra), 無有價值的(worthless; pithless)sārasuvaṇṇa, 純金(sterling gold SnA 448 (in expln of name Bimbisāra)sārasūci,【陰】硬木製的針。sārādāyin, 獲得有價值的(acquiring what is essential S.IV,250)mahāsāra, 高價的(of high value)

Sārakkha,【形】有護的,有保衛的。

Sārakkhā (fr. sa3+rakkha) ,【陰】有護(之婦女)(“standing under protection” (?), a category of married women Vin.III,139.(cp. M.I,287))

Sārajja (abstr. fr. sārada=*sāradya) ,【中】膽小(timidity)

Sārajjati (sa+raj+yacp. BSk. sārajyati, Sk. sarajyate, cp. sārāga), 熱愛,依戀。【過】sārajji。【過sāratta。【獨】sārajitvā

Sārajjanā,【陰】附著,執著。

Sārajjāyati (denom. of sārajja), 尷尬(台語︰礙謔),困窘(to be embarrassed, perplexed, ashamed S.III,92; A.IV,359.)

Sārajjitatta (=sārajjanā) ,【中】附著,執著(infatuation, the state of being infatuated Dhs.389.)

Sāraṇā (<sāreti<sm)【陰】令憶念,訓誡(reminding, remonstrating with)

Sāratta (=saratta. sārajjati 的【過), 充滿激情,已激動,已迷住(impassioned, enamoured, passionately devoted (sārattamānaso)) asāratta,【反】不執著(unattached Sn.704.)

Sārathi, sārathī(< sa-ratha; Vedic sārathi),【陽】戰車的禦者,馬車夫,駕駛者(charioteer, coachman)payojanakasārathi﹐駕馭的馬車夫。assadammasārathi, 馴馬的馬車。purisadammasārathi, 馴人的()車。

Sārathika,【陽】調御者。

Sārada1, sāradika(Vedic śārada, fr. śarad autumn),【形】秋的(autumnal, of the latest harvest, this year’s, fresh)asārada, 陳舊的,老的(stale, old )opp. visārada (der. vesārajja),有經驗的,有智的,自信的(experienced, wise, selfconfident)vīta-sārada, 自信的。

Sārada2, 不成熟的(unripe, not experienced, immature)

Sāraddha,【形】熱情的,溫暖的。Sāraddhakāya﹐【陽】身暴躁,身諍。

Sārameya,【陽】狗。

Sārambha,【陽】激烈,忿怒,涉及生物的危險,有難()Pārā.III,151Sārambha nāma kipillikāna vā āsayo hoti, upacikāna vā āsayo hoti, undurāna vā āsayo hoti, ahīna vā āsayo hoti, vicchikāna vā āsayo hoti, satapadīna vā āsayo hoti, hatthīna vā āsayo hoti, assāna vā āsayo hoti, sīhāna vā āsayo hoti, byagghāna vā āsayo hoti, dīpīna vā āsayo hoti, acchāna vā āsayo hoti, taracchāna vā āsayo hoti, yesa kesañci tiracchānagatāna pāṇāna āsayo hoti, pubbaṇṇanissita vā hoti, aparaṇṇanissita vā hoti, abbhāghātanissita vā hoti, āghātananissita vā hoti, susānanissita vā hoti, uyyānanissita vā hoti, rājavatthunissita vā hoti, hatthisālānissita vā hoti, assasālānissita vā hoti, bandhanāgāranissita vā hoti, pānāgāranissita vā hoti, sūnanissita vā hoti, racchānissita vā hoti, caccaranissita vā hoti, sabhānissita vā hoti, sasaraanissita vā hoti.  Eta sārambha nāma. (佔用地(有難處)︰螞蟻窩、白蟻窩、老鼠窩、蛇窩、蠍窩、百足(蜈蚣)窩、象穴、馬穴、獅子穴、老虎穴、豹穴、熊穴、鬃狗穴,其中某類動物的住處;或穀類耕地、豆類菜圃;或屠宰場、刑場、墳地、公園;或王地、象棚(象廄)、馬棚、監獄、酒坊、獄所、車道、十字路、集會所、移動之幕(臨時台子?),這些稱為有難處) anārambha, 佔用地(無難處)(與「有難處」相反)

Sārasa,【陽】西伯利亞鷺 (Ardea sibirica)

Sārānīya,【形】應該被提醒的。

Sāribā,【陰】印度菝葜(東印度群島産的一種喬木 (Hemidesmus indicus)〔蘿摩科〕)

Sāri (cp. *Sk. śāri), chessman DA.I,85.

Sārin (< sāreti),【形】(在【合】中)徘徊的,接著的,跟隨的(wandering, going after, following, conforming to)aniketasārin, 漫遊,無家(wandering about houseless Sn.844, 970)anokasārin, 漫遊,無家(wandering homeless Dh.404; Sn628)diṭṭhisārin, 某種見解的跟隨者(a partisan of certain views Sn 911)vaggasārin, 遵照派系(conforming to a party, a partisan Sn.371, 800, 912)

Sāriputta(BSk. Śāriputra),【陽】舍利弗(尊者)(出家前的名字︰鄔波底沙),舍利子,身子。Sāri, 舍利(),鴝鵒鳥。

Sārīrika(< sarīra),【形】連接身體的(connected with the body, bodily M I.10; A I.168 sq.; II.153)。【中】骨灰(bodily relics Miln.341)sārīrika cetiya, 骨灰塔舍利塔。3種塔︰paribhogika使用的塔、sārīrika骨灰塔、uddesika紀念塔(J.IV,228.)

Sāruppa,【形】適合的,適當的。

Sāreti (sar(移動﹑記得)+e), 提醒,帶領,使進行。【過】sāresi。【過sārita。【義】sāretabba。【獨】sāretvā

Sāla,【陽】姊妹的丈夫。

Sāla(cp.Sk.śāla & sāla)﹐婆羅樹(a Sal tree (Shorea robusta);見 Assakaṇṇa)sālarukkha,【陽】粗壯婆羅樹。sālavana,【中】婆羅樹林。sālalaṭṭhi,【陰】婆羅樹新芽。

Sālaya(sa3+ālaya),【形】有意圖的(having intentions (on)),有附著的(being attached)

Sālā,【陰】廳(a large (covered & enclosed) hall),棚。Aggisālaudapānasāla(a shed over the well)upaṭṭhānasāla(a service hall)kutūhalasāla(a common room)kumbhakārasāla﹐陶工工作室(potter’s hall)gilānasāla﹐病房、醫院(sick room, hospital)jantāghārasāla﹐大澡堂( (large) bath room)dānasāla﹐布施廳(a hall for donations)dvārasāla﹐門廳(hall with doorspāniyasāla(a water-room)bhattasāla﹐食堂(refectory)yaññasāla﹐祭祀堂(hall of sacrifice)rajanasāla﹐印染工作室(dyeing workshop)rathasāla(car shed)hatthisāla(an elephant stable)

Sālākiya(Sk. śālākya in Suśruta),【中】眼科學(ophthalmology)

Sāli(cp.Sk.śāli),【陽】(ㄍㄥ)(白米、糙米)【複】sāliyo。【複.屬】sālīnaṁlohitakasāli﹐【陽】紅米。sālikkhetta,【中】稻田。sāligabbha,【陽】初期的成熟米。sālibhatta,【中】米飯。sālibhojana【中】米食。akaṭṭhapāko sāli(不必耕作而熟之米、自然粳米)Tamena(tam+ena<eta這、那) cakkhumā puriso muñcitvā paccavekkheyya–‘ime sālī ime vīhī ime muggā ime māsā ime tilā ime taṇḍulā’ti. (有眼睛的人把它倒出來之後,能觀察到:『這些是米(m.p.Nom.),這些是稻穀(m.p.Nom.),這些是綠豆(m.p.Nom.),這些是菜豆(m.p.Nom.),這些是芝麻(n.p.Nom.),這些是糙米(n.p.Nom.)。』)

Sālikā (Sk.sārikā),【陰】八哥(myna-bird一種東南亞星椋鳥,長有黑藍色或棕黑色的項圈和黃色的嘴,某些品種,尤其是山八哥〔鷯哥科〕,以模仿人類語言而聞名)

Sālittaka-sippa,【中】投石術。

Sāluka,【中】蓮藕。

Sāḷava,【陽】沙拉,涼拌生菜,沙律。

Sāvaka(<su(śru) ),【陽】聽者,弟子,聲聞弟子(a hearer, disciple)sāvakatta,【中】弟子的身份。āvakasagha,【陽】弟子眾(聲聞僧)savikā,【陰】女弟子。Asīti mahāsāvakā﹐八十位大聲聞弟子(A3.59./CS:pg.2.132Asīti mahāsāvakāti(八十位大聲聞弟子) Aññāsikoṇḍañño, Vappo, Bhaddiyo(Kāḷigodhāyaputto), Mahānāmo, Assaji, Nāḷako, Yaso, Vimalo, Subāhu, Puṇṇaji, Gavampati, Uruvelakassapo, Nadīkassapo, Gayākassapo, Sāriputto, Mahāmoggallāno, Mahākassapo, Mahākaccāno, Mahākoṭṭhiko, Mahākappino, Mahācundo, Anuruddho, Kakhārevato(=Kakhārevato), Ānando, Nandako, Bhagu, Nandiyo, Kimilo, Bhaddiyo, Rāhulo, Sīvali, Upāli, Dabbo(=Dabbo Mallaputto), Upaseno(=Upaseno Vagantaputto), Khadiravaniyarevato (=Revato Khadiravaniyo), Puṇṇo Mantāniputto, Puṇṇo Sunāparantako, Soo Kuikaṇṇo, Soo Koiviso, Rādho, Subhūti, Agulimālo, Vakkali, Kāḷudāyī, Mahā-udāyī, Pilindavaccho, Sobhito, Kumārakassapo, Raṭṭhapālo, Vagīso, Sabhiyo, Selo, Upavāṇo, Meghiyo, Sāgato, Nāgito, Lakuṇḍakabhaddiyo, Piṇḍolo Bhāradvājo, Mahāpanthako, Cūḷapanthako, Bākulo, Kuṇḍadhāno, Dārucīriyo(=Bāhiyo Dārucīriyo), Yasojo, Ajito Tissametteyyo, Puṇṇako, Mettagu, Dhotako, Upasīvo, Nando, Hemako, Todeyyo, Kappo, Jatukaṇṇī, Bhadrāvudho, Udayo, Posalo, Mogharājā, Pigiyoti ete asīti mahāsāvakā nāma.(黑體字的尊者是A.1.14.已提到的)(另外見(長老偈注釋》Theragāthā-aṭṭhakathā CS:pg.2.541~2))Cv.II,75.Ya kiñci sāvakena pattabba, sabba mayā anuppatta. Natthi ca me kiñci uttarikaraṇīya, katassa vā paticayo.(凡聲聞所應達成的,一切我已達成。沒有更高要做的或要增加的。)(陀驃--摩羅子(Dabbo Mallaputto)七歲時證得阿羅漢果的自述)

Sāvajja (sa+avajja無可責備的),【形】可責備的,有過失的。【中】可指責的。sāvajjatā,【陰】罪行,過失。

Sāvaṭṭa,【形】有漩渦的。

Sāvaa,【中】公告,宣言。【陽】薩瓦那月(月份名,大約七月至八月之間,陰曆616715)

Sāvatthī,【陰】舍衛城(古譯有時誤作:舍衛國),喬薩羅國(Kosala)的首都,原意為「一切有」,物產豐富。但有時也會難乞食(dubbhikkhe,饑饉)KhA.110.“Sabbadā sabbūpakaraa, Sāvatthiya samohita;  Tasmā sabbamupādāya, Sāvatthīti pavuccati.(一切時一切資具,都在沙瓦提(Sāvatthi)匯集,因取了一切都有,因此稱為沙瓦提)

Sāvasesa(sa3+avasesa),【形】不完全的,有剩餘物的(with a remainder, incomplete)

Sāvi (Sk. śvāvidh), 豪豬(a porcupine J.V,489 (MSS. sāmi and sāsi, cp. Manu. V.18))

Sāvittī【陰】舍衛城(the Vedic verse Sāvitrī Sn.457, 568=Vin.I,246.(Sāvitthī); J.IV,184.)

Sāvetar(<sāveti),【陽】宣佈的人(one who makes others hear, who tells)

Sāveti (su+e)(caus. of suṇāti), 【使】使聽到,使聽取,通告,宣佈。【過】sāvesi。【過sāvita。【現sāventa, sāvayamāna。【義】sāvetabba。【獨】sāvetvā

Sāsa (Sk. śvāsa, fr. śvas) 哮喘,氣喘(asthma A.V,110; J.VI,295.)

Sāsaka(< sa3+āsakā),【形】危險的,可疑的(dangerous, fearful, suspicious)opp. khema(安穩)

Sāsati (sās+a), 教,指導,規定。【過】sāsi。【過sāsita

Sāsana,【中】教學,指示,資訊,教義,文字。sāsanakara, sāsanakārī, sāsanakāraka,【形】正法住世()sāsanantaradhāna,【中】佛教的消失。sāsanahara,【陽】報信者。sāsanavacara,【形】遵守教規的。agavasena navavidhanavaga satthu sāsanaṁ (naanga-buddha-sāsananavāṅga-śāsana)九分教:修多羅(sutta契經)、祇夜(geyya)、受記(veyyākaraa記別)、伽陀(gāthā偈誦)、優陀那(udāna因緣)、伊帝目多迦(itivuttaka(itivttaka)如是語)、闍陀伽(jātaka本生)、毗佛略(vedalla(vaipulya)方廣)、阿浮陀達磨(abbhutadhamma希法)等為九部(《善見律毗婆沙註》及《長部經註》)。後有「十二分教」的成立。Tathāgatavacana (CS:DA.1.pg.1.25) Suttanti veditabba.  Sabbampi Sagāthaka sutta Geyyanti veditabba.  Visesena Sayuttake sakalopi Sagāthavaggo, sakalampi abhidhammapiaka, niggāthaka sutta, yañca aññampi aṭṭhahi agehi asagahita Buddhavacana, ta Veyyākaraanti veditabba.  Dhammapada, Theragāthā, Therīgāthā, Suttanipāte Nosuttanāmikā Suddhikagāthā ca Gāthāti veditabbā.  Somanassaññāṇamayikagāthā paisayuttā dve-asīti suttantā Udānanti veditabba.  “Vuttañheta Bhagavatā”ti-ādinayappavattā dasuttarasatasuttantā Itivuttakanti veditabba.  Apaṇṇakajātakādīni paññāsādhikāni pañcajātakasatāni ‘Jātakan’ti veditabba.  “Cattārome, bhikkhave, acchariyā abbhutā dhammā Ānande”ti-ādinayappavattā (dī.ni.2.209) sabbepi  Vedallanti veditabba.  Eva agavasena navavidha.(如來所說:應知是修多羅;一切附偈的經應知是應知是祇夜;應知是受記;法句、長老偈、長老尼偈、經集、應知是伽陀;應知是優陀那;應知是伊帝目多迦;應知是闍陀伽;應知是方廣;應知是阿浮陀達磨

1.修多羅(sutta契經)--是結集義,為原始結集的通稱。

2.祇夜(geyya)--偈頌。結集後不久,由於文體的類別,分化為二︰稱長行部分為「修多羅」,大致與《雜阿含經》的「蘊誦」、「六處誦」、「因誦」、「道品誦」相當。稱偈頌部分為「祇夜」,與「八眾誦」相當。這是「相應教」的核心,原始結集部分。在固有的「修多羅」與「祇夜」外,又有長行與偈頌,集出流行。長行部分,以分別、解答為主,稱為「記說」。這是對於「修多羅」及「祇夜」(通稱),以分別或解答方式,而闡明佛法的意義。在問答、分別中,顯示、決了深祕教證(佛法本質問題)的特性,逐漸表達出來。這一部分,附編於「相應教」中,與《雜阿含經》弟子所說、如來所說分相當。《雜阿含經》集三部分而成,與「九分教」中的「修多羅」、「祇夜」、「記說」的次第成立,完全吻合。這所以雜阿笈摩,被稱為「一切事相應教」的根本。

3.受記(veyyākaraa記別)--廣問答的《滿月大經》、《帝釋所問經》、《六淨經》;廣分別體的《梵網經》、《沙門果經》等,在聖典自身,都是稱為「記說」的。阿毘達摩也歸屬此類。

4.伽陀(gāthā偈頌)--「伽陀」是以偈頌,宣說法要(除「祇夜」、「優陀那」以外)的通稱。從古代的傳誦來說,大致與《小部》、《經集》中的〈義品〉、〈波羅延拏品〉、〈蛇經〉、〈陀尼耶經〉、〈犀角經〉、〈牟尼偈〉等相當。這類傳誦廣而影響大的法偈,當時已有類集(與現存的當然有多少距離),但始終不曾集入四部、四阿含中。

5.優陀那(udāna因緣)--以感興語為主的法句。

前五支,重於形式的分類,內容是重於法義的。

6.伊帝目多迦(itivuttaka如是語、本事)--只是傳聞的佛說如是,或集出傳聞如是的法義,或集出傳聞如是的先賢的善行盛德)

7.闍陀伽(Jātaka本生)--結合過去人事與現在人事,而成前後因果系。

8.阿浮陀達磨(abbhutadhamma希法)--「方廣」是深廣義,「希法」是奇特事。如︰《有明小經》(M.44.Cūḷavedalla)、《有明大經》(M.43.Mahāvedalla)、《正見經》(M.9.Sammādiṭṭhi)、《帝釋所問經》(D.21.Sakkapañha)、《?經》(Sakhārabhājaniya)、《滿月大經(M.109.Mahāpuṇṇamasutta)sabbepi vedañca tuṭṭhiñca laddhā laddhā pucchitasuttantā.

9.毗佛略(Vedalla方廣、毗陀羅)--法義的闡述更廣,成為更有體系的說明,與舊有的「記說」,不大相合。

 (節錄自《中華佛教百科全書()p.110.1-2)

Sāsanika,【形】與佛教有關的。

Sāsapa,【陽】芥菜籽、芥子(mustard seed)

Sāsava(sa3=āsava),【形】與漏有關的(connected with the āsavas)

Sāhatthika,【形】親手做的。

Sāhasa,【中】暴力,任意的行動。

Sāhasika(<sāhasa)﹐【形】暴力的,野蠻的(brutal, violent, savage)。【陽】暴徒。

Sāhu,【無】好的,好。

si(śī)﹐【字根I.V.】黏附於、堅持(to cling to),依賴(to depend upon),綁(to bind)

Sisapā(cp. Vedic śiṁśapā)【陰】印度黄檀(樹名)(the tree Dalbergia sisu, Indian Rosewood (a strong & large tree)),申恕林(sisapā-groves),尸攝惒,勝舍婆,尸尸娑,直譯:堅實。

Sikatā,【陰】沙。

Sikkā,【陰】網袋,絡囊。

Sikkhati (sikkh+a)( √sak(sk. śak)‘能幹的意欲語(desiderative)變化), 學習,訓練自己,練習。【過】sikkhi。【過sikkhita。【現sikkhanta, sikkhamāna。【獨】sikkhitvā。【義】sikkhitabba

Sikkhana,【中】學習,訓練。

Sikkhamānā(sikkhā+mānā正在, ppr.),【陰】式叉摩那,正學女。Dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhāya sikkhamānāya ubhatosaghe upasampadā pariyesitabbā.(式叉摩那在二年間,對於六法所應學者學完後,於二眾(比丘、比丘尼)求受具足戒。)(亦即式叉摩那在二年間,不犯六法︰殺生、不與取、非梵行、妄語、飲酒、非時食戒,才可求受具足戒。)

Sikkhare, 學。SA.11.19./I,353.Sikkhareti sikkhanti.((他們)學習。)

Sikkhā ( śika),【陰】學,學科,紀律。sikkhākāma,【形】想學的()sikkhāpaka, sikkhāpanaka,【陽】老師,教練。sikkhāpada,【中】學處(應當學之處或根本)sikkhāpana,【中】教義,教育。sikkhāsamādāna,【中】自己就要持戒。tisso sikkhā,【陰】三學。D.33./III,219.Tisso sikkhā-- adhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā, adhipaññāsikkhā.(三學︰增上戒,增上定,增上慧。) DA.33./III,1003.Sīla nāma pañcasīladasasīlāni, pātimokkhasavaro adhisīla nāma. Aṭṭha samāpattiyo citta, vipassanāpādakajjhāna adhicitta.  Kammassakatañāṇa paññā, vipassanāpaññā adhipaññā.( 增上戒學︰所說的戒是五戒、十戒、波羅提木叉圍護()(比丘戒有227條戒)增上心學︰指八種三摩缽地(四色禪及四無色禪),及以毘缽舍那為基礎的禪那。增上慧學︰自業智的智慧(知道自己是業的主人,所有自己的業果都是自己過去造的),及毘缽舍那的智慧。))《律藏》(Pārā.III,21.)諸比丘基於種利益我將為比丘們制定學處(=戒條)(Tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūna sikkhāpada paññapessāmi dasa atthavase paicca)1.為了僧團的清淨(saghasuṭṭhutāya)2.為了僧團的和樂(saghaphāsutāya)3.為了諸惡人的調伏(dummakūna puggalāna niggahāya)4.為了諸善比丘的安樂住(pesalāna bhikkhūna phāsuvihārāya)5.為了防止現世諸漏(diṭṭhadhammikāna āsavāna savarāya)6.為了退來世諸漏(samparāyikana āsavāna paighātāya)7.為了引導沒有信的人生信(appasannāna pasādāya)8.為了引導已生信的人更增長(pasannāna bhiyyobhāvāya)9.為了正法久住(saddhammaṭṭhitiyā)10.為戒律的攝受(保護)(vinayānuggahāya)

Sikkhāpada,【中】學處(應當學之處或根本)KhA.24Sikkhitabbāti sikkhā, pajjate anenāti pada. Sikkhāya pada sikkhāpada, sikkhāya adhigamūpāyoti attho. Atha vā mūla nissayo patiṭṭhāti vutta hoti.(應當學為「」;由此路徑為「」。學之處為「學處」,此乃是到達學的方法之義。或者說為「以依止根本而住立」。)

Sikkhita, (sikkhati 的【過)已學習,已練習。

Sikkhaṇḍa,【陽】孔雀的冠sikkhaṇḍī,【陽】孔雀。

Sikhara,【中】頂端,頂點,山頂。sikharī,【陽】山。

Sikhā (Vedic śikhā),【陰】頂、頭頂、端(point),邊緣(edge),冠羽(crest),火焰(of a flame)。西卡(量玉米的容器之頂)aggisikhā﹐【陰】火焰。sikhābandha﹐【陽】頂髻(topknot)vātasikhā (tikkhā)﹐【陰】暴發狂怒(a raging blast)Susikha﹐【形】(孔雀)鳥冠羽的。

Sikhi-buddha (Śikhi-buddha)﹐尸棄佛過去七佛之第二佛。意譯頂髻、有髻、火首、最上。依《長阿含經》卷一〈大本經〉之說,尸棄佛生於過去三十一劫時,其時人壽七萬歲,姓拘利若(Koṇḍañña),為剎帝利種明相(Arua)之子。於分陀利(puṇḍarīka)樹下成正覺。

Sikhī,【陽】火,孔雀(peacock, =nīlagīva, m.青頸鳥)

SigālaSigāla(cp. Vedic sgāla; as loan-word in English= jackal),【陽】豺,野干(jackal )sigālī﹐【陰】雌豺狼(a female jackal )Sigālaka,【陽】豺狼仔(人名,見D.31.Sigālako gahapatiputto)。說明:豺狼與狼是兩種動物,豺要比狼個頭小,長的更像狗,但比狼兇狠。這兩種動物都是群居,不過狼群組成更加社會化。群攻獵物時,當一豺失利,周圍的豺群來支援;但狼只根據情勢選擇進退。

Siggu,【陽】辣木(Moringa oleiferahorse radish tree一種喬木,具辣味的根,因其伸長的蒴果幼時可醃食,其種子産生辣木油)

Siga1(Vedic śṛnga),【中】獸角(a horn)

Siga2, 犢牛(the young of an animal, calf )

Sigāra(cp. Sk. śṛngāra),【陽】淫欲熾盛(erotic sentiment)sigāratā【陰】fondness of decorations; an elegant dress, finery; 【形】優美的(elegant, graceful) ; singāra-bhāva being elegant or graceful (said of a horse)

Sigivera,【中】薑,生薑(ginger一種産於東南亞熱帶地區的植物〔薑屬〕(Zingiber officinale),開有黃綠色花並有刺激性香味的根莖)。《海寄歸內法傳》卷第三:「薑椒蓽茇,旦咽而風冷全祛。」(T54.225.2)

Sigī,【形】有獸角的。【中】黃金。sigīnada, sigīvaṇṇa,【中】黃金。sigi-vaṇṇa yuga maṭṭa,金色的一對絹。

Sigu (f.) (?) a kind of fish J.V.406; plur. singū J.VI.537. According to Abhp. singū is m. and Payogasiddhi gives it as nt.

Sighati (sigh+a), 嗅,聞。【過】sighi。【獨】sighitvā

Sighāṭaka(cp. Sk. śṛngāṭaka; fr. śṛnga),【陽】【中】1.十字形的東西,十字路口,日語「辻」,つじ ( tsu ji )(a square, a place where four roads meet. aya-s° perhaps an iron ring (in the shape of a square or triangle))2. a water plant (Trapa bispinosa?)

Sighati (sigh, given as “ghāyana” at Dhtp 34), (鼻涕)(to sniff, to get scent of )

Sighāṇikā(Sk. sighāṇaka),【陰】鼻涕(mucus of the nose, snot)

Sijjati (svid, Epic Sk. svidyate),煮、汗(to boil (intr.), to sweat)ppr. sijjamāna boiling J.I.503; Caus. sedeti (q. v.). The Dhtp 162 gives “pāka” as meaning of sid. -- pp. sinna (wet) & siddha1 (cooked).

Sijjhati (sidh+yaSk. sidhyate), 發生,成功,有用(to succeed, to be accomplished, to avail, suit)。【過】sijjhi。【過siddhainf. sijjhitu.

Sijjhana,【中】發生,成功。

Siñcaka,【形】澆水者,灑水者。siñcana,【中】灑水。

Siñcati (sic+-a), 倒,灑。【過】siñci。【過sitta, siñcita。【現siñcamāna。【獨】siñcitvā。【使】siñcāpeti

Siṭṭhipada,教誡句。SA.2.12./I,110.Siṭṭhipadeti anusiṭṭhipade.(教誡句︰隨學教誡句。)

Sita,【形】1.白的。2.仰賴的,附著的(cf. nissita向下依靠)。【中】微笑。笑有六種︰1.sita, 面部表情顯露出笑。2.hasita, 輕微移動嘴唇,露出牙端而笑。3.vihasita, 笑出聲。4.upahasita, 笑得頭、肩、臂振動。5.apahasita, 笑得掉下淚水。6.atihasita, 暴笑得整個身體前後振動。sita pātvākāsi, 他作微笑。

Situ,【不】要聽。

Sitta, (siñcati 的【過) 已倒,已灑。

Sittha,【中】臘,飯粒。sitthavakāraka,【副】掉了滿地飯粒。

Sitthaka,【中】飯粒,蜂臘。

Sithila,【形】寬鬆的,鬆的,屈從的。sithilatta,【中】sithilabhāva, 鬆。

Siddha (sijjhati發生的【過), 已結束,已完成,已發生。siddhattha,【形】做完工作的人。【陽】芥末(mustard)

Siddha,【形】半神的靈物,魔術家。

Siddhatthaka,【中】芥末種子。

Siddhi,【陰】成就,成功。

sidh﹐【字根III.】完成(to be accomplished)cp. (sidh) 1.= repel=擊退;2.成功,繼承(succeed)

sinā(hā)﹐【字根III.】洗澡(to take a bath)

Sināna,【中】沐浴。sināni﹐洗粉。

Siniddha,【形】光滑的,平滑的,易曲折的,軟的,鍾情的,文雅的

sinih﹐【字根III.】愛(to love)

Sinerupabbatarāja【陽】﹐須彌山(),又作妙高山,為一小世界之中心。器世界之最下為風輪,其上為水輪,再上為金輪(即地輪),上有九山八海,中心即為須彌山,入水八萬由旬,出水亦八萬由旬。九山八海之最外圍為輪圍山(Cakkavāḷa-pabbata鐵輪圍山、金剛山),鐵圍山環繞著鹹海,贍部洲等四大洲即位於此鹹海之四方。

Sineha, sneha(多用在詩中),(<snih)【陽】1.油,脂肪(oily liquid)2.(affection)3.(viscosity)sinehana,【中】塗油。sinehabindu,【中】一滴油。

Sineheti (sineha愛﹑油的【派】), 愛,塗油。

Sindī,【陰】海棗樹(date plam Khajjūrī)

Sindūra,【陽】雄黃,二硫化二砷。

Sindhava,【形】信度人的。【陽】岩鹽,信度馬。

Sindhu(PrakritHindhu),【陽】大海,河。Sindhuraṭṭha,【中】印度、信度國、身毒、雞毒、賢豆。sindhusagama,【陽】合流河的河口。

Sipāṭikā,【陰】果皮,小容器。

Sippa,【中】技術,手藝。sippaṭṭhāna, sippāyatana,【中】知識的分科,工藝。sippasālā,【陰】學校(技術)Pāci.IV,6.Sippa nāma dve sippāni-- hīnañca sippa ukkaṭṭhañ (Pāci.IV,7.) ca sippa. Hīna nāma sippa-- naakārasippa, kumbhakārasippa, pesakārasippa, cammakārasippa, nahāpitasippa, tesu tesu vā pana janapadesu oññāta avaññāta hīḷita paribhūta acittīkata. Eta hīna nāma sippa. Ukkaṭṭha nāma sippa-- muddā, gaanā, lekhā, tesu tesu vā pana janapadesu anoññāta anavaññāta ahīḷita aparibhūta cittīkata, eta ukkaṭṭha nāma sippa.(技藝者,有二技:卑技與貴技。卑技者,籠技、陶技、織技、皮革技、理髮技等,於各地方被輕蔑、侮慢而不被尊敬者,此等名為卑技。貴技者,指算(Sp.Pāci.IV,739.Muddāti hatthamuddāgaanā.指算︰以手指算之術)、數、書等,於各地方不被輕蔑、侮慢而被尊敬者,此等名為貴技。)

Sippika, sippi,【陽】藝術家,工匠(artisan)

Sippikā1 (<sippī),【陰】牡蠣(a pearl oyster)sippikasambuka, 牡蠣、貝殼。

Sippikā2 at Th 1, 49 is difficult to understand. It must mean a kind of bird (°abhiruta), and may be (so Kern) a misread pippikā (cp. Sk. pippaka & pippīka)

Sibbati (siv +ya), 縫,縫紉。【過】sibbi。【過sibbita。【獨】sibbitvā

Sibbana,【中】裁縫。

Sibbanī,【陰】女裁縫師,渴望。sibbanīmagga,【陽】縫合處。

Sibbāpeti, (sibbati 的【使】)

Sibbeti (siv+e), 縫紉。【過】sibbesi。【過sibbita。【獨】sibbbetvā。【現sibbenta

Simbalī,【陽】絲棉樹、木棉樹(silk-cotton tree一種魁偉的喬木 (Ceiba pentandra),廣泛栽培於熱帶地區,樹幹粗大,板根呈脊狀,莢大,內充滿著由絹絲狀的毛包著種子,從絹絲毛可得到與栽培的木棉相似的纖維木棉花亦稱孟買吉貝 (Bombay ceiba),神樹 (God tree),吉貝(Ceiba))

Siyā(<atthi) 他應有(3s.opt.)

Sira,【陽】【中】(mano-group) 頭。Nom.sira, Acc.sira; siro; sirasa; Instr.sirasā ; Loc.sirasmi; sire ; in compounds siro.-- sirasā paiggahāti to accept with reverence; pādesu sirasā nipatati to bow one’s head to another’s feet, to salute respectfully

Sirā,【陰】腱,血管。

Siri, sirī,【陰】運氣,光榮,財富,光彩壯麗,幸運女神。sirigabbha,【陽】高貴的臥室,皇家床室。sirimantu,【形】光榮的。sirivilāsa,【陽】富麗堂皇。sirisayana,【中】王室的床。sirindhara,【形】光榮的。

Sirisapa (sirisapa)(=sarisapasarīsapa)﹐【陽】毒蟲類(蠍、蛇等)

Sirivāsa,【陽】松節油。

Sirīsa, (śirīṣa)【陽】尸利沙、尸利灑樹、師利沙樹、舍離沙樹。學名 Acacia sirissa,為產於印度之一種香木,其樹膠可製香藥。此樹為拘樓孫佛(過去七佛之第四佛)之道場樹。

Siro (sira 的【合】詞形), sirojāla,【形】面紗。siromai,【陽】王冠,寶石冠。siroruha,【陽】【中】頭髮。sirovehana,【中】纏頭巾。

Silā,【陰】石頭。silāgua,【陽】石球。silātthambha,【陽】石柱。silāpaṭṭa,【中】石平板。silāpākāra,【陽】石壁。silāmaya,【形】石頭做的。

silāgh﹐【字根I.】稱讚(to praise)

Silāghati (silāgh+a), ,自誇。【過】silāghi

Silāghā,【陰】稱讚。

Siliṭṭha,【形】平滑的。siliṭṭhatā,【陰】平滑。asiliṭṭha,【反】。

Siluccaya,【陽】岩石。

Silutta,【陽】吃鼠的蛇。

Silesa,【陽】1.謎,難題,雙關語。2.帶粘性的物質。

Silesuma,【陽】痰(phlegm)

Siloka,【陽】1.名望(fame)2.(a verse)Pāci.IV,239CS:Pāci.pg.311)Pāpasilokāti pāpakena micchājīvena jīvita kappenti.(壞名聲︰升起不好的名譽。壞名望︰過著壞的邪命生活。)

siv (sīv / syū)﹐【字根III.】縫合、縫上(to sew)

Siva,【形】庇護的,安全的。【陽】濕婆(印度三大神中司破壞之神),大自在天。【中】安全的地方,涅槃。

Sivikā,【陰】轎車、轎子(palanquin),垃圾(a litter)

Sisira,【陽】冬天,寒季。【形】涼爽。

Sissa,【陽】學生。sissabhāvūpagamana, 入為弟子,入室弟子

sis﹐【字根VII.】祝福(to bless)(日語:挨aisatsu)

Sisumāragira(梵名 Śiśumāragira) 首婆羅山、失收魔羅山印度之古地名位於婆伽國(Bhagga)

Sīgha,【形】快的,迅速的,敏捷的。sīghagāmī,【形】迅速地走動或移動的。sīghatara,【副】很快地,更快地。sīghasīgha,【副】非常快地,匆忙地。sīghasota,【形】有水流的。sīgha,【副】很快地,敏捷地。

Sīta1,【形】涼爽,寒冷的。【中】冷,寒冷。sītabhīruka,【形】能冷的。sītibhavissanti﹐成為清涼、成為冷靜。(《中阿含經》譯:竟冷)

Sīta2,【中】帆,走路(sail J.IV.21. So also in BSk.: Jtm 94.)

Sītala,【形】涼爽的、清涼的、寒冷的(cold, cool),寧靜(tranquil J.I.3; VvA.44, 68, 100; PvA.77, 244.)。【中】冷(coolness)sītalībhāva, 變成(becoming cool)susītala,【形】很涼爽的。

Sīta-vana(梵名 Śitavana)尸陀林、寒林、尸多婆那林、尸摩賒那林、深摩舍那林。位於中印度摩揭陀國王舍城北方之森林。林中幽邃且寒,初為該城人民棄屍之所,後為罪人之居地。其後泛稱棄置死屍之所為寒林。(《佛光大辭典》p.942)

Sītā,【陰】犁溝(furrow)

Sītibhāva,【陽】冷,平靜。

Sītibhūta,【過】已平靜,已安靜,清涼。Vin.Mv.p.8.Ekomhi Sammāsambuddho, sītibhūtosmi nibbuto.(我獨得等正覺,我得清涼寂滅。)

Sītodaka,【中】冷水。

Sīdati (sad+a), 下沉,平息,産生。【過】sīdi。【過sīna。【獨】sīditvā。【現sīdamāna

Sīdana,【中】沉沒。

Sīna, (sīdati 的【過)

Sīpada,【中】象皮病()(elephantiasis)

Sīmattha,【形】在邊界之內的,在邊界上的。

Sīmantinī,【陰】女人。

Sīmā,【陰】邊界,界限,戒壇(戒堂,在大地授受比丘戒的)sīmākata,【形】限制的。sīmātiga,【形】越過界限的。sīmāsamugghāta,【陽】解除舊界(結界之前要先解除舊界,解除過去世比丘所結的戒壇)sīmāsammuti,【陰】設置新界(設置界壇)

圖中方塊作「戒壇」(至少容納21比丘)

放置的小石頭,放置的大石頭。

小石頭到虛線的戒壇須留半公尺,小石頭與大石頭之間距離一公尺

sīl (śik)﹐【字根VII.】學習(to study)

Sīla (<sīl學習, śīla<śīl),【中】1.(音譯「尸羅」作為防過止惡之用。「尸羅者是數習義,常習善法故曰尸羅。」《大毘婆沙論》卷第四十四﹐T27.230.1),道德規範( moral practice, good character)2.自然,習慣(nature, character, habit, behaviour)sīlakathā,【陰】戒論。sīlakkhandha,【陽】戒蘊。sīlagandha,【陽】戒香(=名望)sīlabbata, sīlavata,【中】儀式。sīlabheda,【陽】破戒。sīlamaya,【形】與道德有關的。sīlavantu,【形】有品德的,守戒的。sīlavipatti,【陰】犯戒。sīlavipanna,【形】犯戒者。sīlasampatti,【陰】守戒。sīlasampanna,【形】守戒者。aṭṭhagasīla,【中】八戒。dasasīla,【中】十戒。kusalāni sīlāni【中.複】﹐善戒。tividhasīlāni(trividhāni śīlāni), 三聚淨戒。S.47.15.imāni kusalāni sīlāni yāvadeva catunna satipaṭṭhānāna bhāvanāya vuttāni Bhagavatā(善戒者,乃為修習四念處,是世尊所說。) D.16./II,94. “Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti akhaṇḍehi acchiddehi asabalehi akammāsehi bhujissehi viññūpasatthehi aparāmaṭṭhehi samādhisavattanikehi.(聖者所喜愛的戒上,具足:無毀、無孔、無斑點、無雜、自由、智者所讚嘆、不為其他所污、三昧增長。)D.4./I,124.(c.f.長阿含種德經》T1.96.2)“evameva kho, bho Gotama, sīlaparidhotā paññā, paññāparidhota sīla. Yattha sīla tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīla.(尊者瞿曇!如是,由戒淨化慧,由慧淨化戒。凡有戒則有慧,有慧則有戒。)三增上學是互相關聯的,不只是「持戒得定發慧」的單一路徑,有幾種方式︰「定(定共戒)(心平何勞持戒),慧(反省︰為免墮落、為修福、為解脫持戒)→戒。(善巧)→定。(善巧)→定。(戒清淨能得慧清淨)(生滅觀得觀慧)

Sīlakathā,【陰】戒論。DA.14./II,471.Sīlakathanti sīla nāmeta avassayo patiṭṭhā ārammaa tāṇa lea gati parāyaa.  Idhalokaparalokasampattīnañhi sīlasadiso avassayo patiṭṭhā ārammaa tāṇa lea gati parāyaa natthi, sīlasadiso alakāro natthi, sīlapupphasadisa puppha natthi, sīlagandhasadiso gandho natthi, sīlālakārena hi alakata sīlakusumapiandhana sīlagandhānulitta sadevakopi loko olokento titti na gacchatīti evamādisīlaguapaisayutta katha.(說戒(戒論)︰此戒為仰賴立足於所緣,庇護所,安全處,去處,歸宿。在達到此世或他世,若沒有相似的戒,為仰賴立足於所緣,庇護所,安全處,去處,歸宿,若沒有像戒莊嚴,沒有像戒花之花,沒有像戒香之香,沒有以戒莊嚴來裝飾,戒花裝飾,戒香塗抹,不會見到包括天神的世界邊緣,如此等,屬於戒功德之論。)

Sīlana,【中】練習,抑制。

Sīlasampanna(sīla+sampanna已具有<pp. of sampajjati<sa+pad),【形】守戒者。S.55.35./V,395.Yato kho, Mahānāma, upāsako pāṇātipātā paivirato hoti, adinnādānā paivirato hoti, kāmesumicchācārā paivirato hoti, musāvādā paivirato hoti, surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānā paivirato hoti,--ettāvatā kho, Mahānāma, upāsako sīlasampanno hotī”ti.(摩訶男!自從優婆塞已樂於離殺生,已樂於離不與取,已樂於離邪淫行,已樂於離妄語,已樂於離飲酒;摩訶男!由於有這麼多,他成為具戒優婆塞(upāsako sīlasampanno))(cf.《雜阿含927經》《別譯雜阿含152經》))

Sīlika, sīlī,【形】(在【合】中) 性質的。

Sīliya (abstr. fr. sīla, Sk. śīlya for śailya),【中】行為(conduct, behaviour, character; said of bad behaviour)dussīlya﹐壞行為opp. sādhu-sīliya(=sundara-sīla-bhāva).

Sīvathikā(etym. doubtful; perhaps=*Sk. śivālaya; Kern derives it as śīvan “lying”+atthi “bone,” problematic),【陰】棄屍處(a cemetery, place where dead bodies are thrown to rot away)。台語:墓仔埔bong7 a bo,塚仔埔(tiong a bo)A.5.249./III,268“Pañcime, bhikkhave, ādīnavā sivathikāya. Katame pañca? Asuci, duggandhā, sappaibhayā, vāḷāna amanussāna āvāso, bahuno janassa ārodanā.(諸比丘!這五個是塚間的過患。什麼是五?即:不淨,惡臭,可怕,野獸及非人住處,多人慟哭。)

九種墓地觀

 

1.膨脹、烏青、生膿

膨脹()對治貪體材

烏青()對治貪膚色

膿爛()對治貪體香

2.被動物吃食

食殘()—對治貪美體、貪隆乳

3.被筋連結的骨,有肉有血

血塗()—對治貪妝扮

4.被筋連結的骨,無肉有血

血塗()—對治貪妝扮

5.被筋連結的骨,無肉無血

斷壞()—對治貪結實

6.骨頭四散

散亂()—對治貪美體、貪整體

7.骨頭是白的

骸骨()—對治貪骨相

8.骨頭混雜泥土

骸骨()—對治貪我相

9.骨頭腐敗,生成粉末

骸骨()—對治貪我相

 

Sīsa,【中】頭,頂點,玉米穗,標題,提示。sīsakapāla, sīsakaṭāha,【陽】顱骨,頭蓋骨,腦殼(a skull; a cranium)sīsacchavi,【陰】頭皮。sīsacchejja,【形】造成斬首的。sīsacchadana,【中】斬首。sīsappacālana,【中】搖頭。sīsaparamparā,【陰】換頭頂負擔。sīsabhāra,枕頭。sīsavehana,【中】纏頭巾,頭巾。sīsavedanā,【陰】頭部的感受。sīsābādha,【陽】頭的疾病。

Sīha(siha),【陽】獅子(印度獅子現存於印度GujaratGir森林,亞洲獅比非洲獅較少頭髮(Manes) 清楚見到耳朵,可能中國舞獅,是受印度獅影響, 依照它的短髮做型。根據DNA鑑定,印度獅和波斯獅簡直就是雙胞胎,可能十萬年前來自非洲。)sīhacamma,【中】獅皮。sīhanāda,【陽】獅子吼,勇敢的演講。sīhanādika,【形】做獅子吼者。sīhapañjara,【陽】獅子籠,窗戶。sīhapotaka,【陽】小獅。sīhavikkīḷita,【中】獅子的行動,舞獅。sīhaseyyā,【陰】獅子臥。sīhassara,【形】聲音如獅子的。sīhanu,【形】顎如獅子的。

Sīhaa,【形】斯里蘭卡的。【陽】僧伽羅人。sīhaadīpa,【陽】斯里蘭卡島。sīhaabhāsā,【陰】僧伽羅語言。

su( sru)﹐【字根I.】慢慢地洩漏(to trickle away)流動(flow)

su(śru, śru)﹐【字根I.V.】聽到(to hear)

su-,字首】好,善,幸福地,完全的。

Suka,【陽】鸚鵡(parrot)

Sukaa, sukata,【形】做得好的。【中】善行。Sukatadukkaa(=kusalākusala) 善行及惡行。

Sukara,【形】容易的,容易完成的。

Sukumāra,【形】細緻的。sukumāratā,【陰】精致的。

Sukusala,【形】非常有技術的。

Sukka,【形】白色的,純粹的,好的,明亮的。【中】1.德行。2.金星(太白Venus; śukra 戌羯羅)3.精液sukkapakkha,【陽】白半月份(陰曆初一至十五日)sukkavisaṭṭhi(sukka精液+visaṭṭhi射出), 射出精液。

Sukkavāro﹐【陽】星期五(日語:金曜日)

Sukkha,【形】乾的。

Sukkhati (sukkh+a), 乾枯。【過】sukkhi。【現sukhamāna。【獨】sukkhitvā

Sukkhana,【中】乾涸。

Sukkhāpana,【中】弄乾。

Sukkhāpeti (sukkhati 的【使】), 弄乾。【過】sukhāpesi。【過sukhāpita,【獨】sukhāpetvā

Sukha,【中】快樂,安慰。sukhakāma,【形】樂的。sukhatthika, sukhatthī,【形】想快樂的。sukhada,【形】産生快樂的。sukhanisinna,【形】安樂坐著的。sukhapaisavedī,【形】感覺快樂的。sukhappatta,【形】快樂的。sukhabhāgiya,【形】享樂的。sukhayānaka,【中】隨和的車。sukhavipāka,【形】快樂的果報。sukhaviharaa,【中】舒服的生活。sukhasavāsa,【陽】愉快的聯合。sukhasamphassa,【形】愉快的接觸。sukhasammata,【形】認爲快樂的。Vbh.567Tattha katamā pīti? Yā pīti pāmojja āmodanā pamodanā hāso pahāso vitti odagya attamanatā cittassa--aya vuccati “pīti”.  Tattha katama sukha? Ya cetasika sāta cetasika sukha cetosamphassaja sāta sukha vedayita cetosamphassajā sātā sukhā vedanā--ida vuccati “sukha”. Ida sukha imāya pītiyā sahagata hoti sahajāta sasaṭṭha sampayutta. Tena vuccati “pītisukhan”ti.(此中,什麼是呢?凡是喜、高興、喜悅、極悅、歡樂、極歡樂幸福洋洋得意、心滿意足,稱為。此中,什麼是樂呢?凡是心的快樂、心的樂、心觸生樂、領受樂、心觸生諸樂、樂受,稱為。這樂和喜俱行、俱生、結合、聯結,稱為喜樂)。四種樂:一、出離樂 (nekkhammasukha)二、遠離樂(pavivekasukha閑靜樂)三、寂靜樂(upasamasukha)。四、正菩提樂(sambodhasukha正覺樂)MA.66.CS:p.3.119-20Nekkhammasukhanti kāmato nikkhantasukha. Pavivekasukhanti gaatopi kilesatopi pavivittasukha. Upasamasukhanti rāgādivūpasamatthāya sukha. Sambodhasukhanti maggasakhātassa sambodhassa nibbattanatthāya sukha.(、出離樂:從欲離去之樂二、遠離樂:從群衆、煩惱隔離之樂三、寂靜樂染等寂靜之樂四、正菩提樂(sambodhasukha正覺樂)已存在所謂的道、正菩提之樂

Sukha,【副】容易地,安樂地。

Sukhāyati, Sukhayati,(sukha 的【派】), 很舒服,很快樂。

Sukhāvaha,【形】帶來快樂的。pāṇīna hitasukhāvaho dhammayāgī(以法施利樂諸眾生)

Sukhamedhati, 樂在其中,蒙慶sukhamedhatīti, sukha pailabhati.(樂在其中︰得到快樂。)

Sukhita (sukheti 的【過), 已快樂,已幸福,已高興。sukhitatta (sukhita快樂+atta自己),自得其樂

Sukhin(< sukha), 【形】快樂,幸福,高興(happy, at ease)sukhinī,【陰】。

Sukhuma(Epic Sk. sūkṣma),【形】精細的,微小的,優良的,精致的(subtle, minut)sukhumatara,【形】更好的,更精細的。sukhumatta,【中】sukhumatā,【陰】精細度,精致。

Sukhumāla,【形】嫩的,精致的,精製的。sukhumālatā,【陰】精致的結構。sukhumālo paramasukhumālo accanta sukhumālo(柔軟、上柔軟、極柔軟)

Sukheti (su+khan+e), 使快樂。【過】sukhesi。【過sukhita

Sukhedhita,【形】精致地教養。

Sukhesī,【陽】尋快樂。

Sugata,【形】好好地歸去的,快樂的。【陽】善逝(佛陀)Sugatālaya,【陽】佛陀的住宅,模仿佛陀。

Sugati,【陰】善趣(人道或天道),快樂的境界。《如是語經》(It.I, 77.)Manussatta kho bhikkhave devāna sugatigamanasakhāta(比丘們!人的狀態才可稱為諸天之善趣。)

Sugatī, sukatī,【形】正直的。

Sugandha,【陽】芬芳,愉快的氣味。【形】芬香的。sugandhī, sugandhika,【形】芬香的。

Sugahana,【中】善掌握,控制得好。

Sugutta, sugopita,【過】已保衛得好,已保護得好。

Suggahita (su+gahita),【形】1.緊握的(grasped tightly, attentive)2.學得好的,注意的。

Suka,【陽】通行費,稅,輸稅(《善見律毘婆沙》(T24.730.1)sukaghāta(suka+ghāta),【陽】抽稅處。sukaṭṭhāna(=sukaghāta, Sp.Pārā.II,358.),【中】抽稅處;海關。Pārā.III,52.Sukaghāta nāma raññā hapita hoti pabbatakhaṇḍe vā nadītitthe vā gāmadvāre vā-- ‘atra paviṭṭhassa suka gahantū’ti.(抽稅處︰在山之隘(ˋ)(或隧道)、或渡河碼頭、或村庄入口,國家設海關(告示)︰「由此進入者應付稅」。) bahisukaghāta pāteti.(丟東西到海關之外(逃稅的方法之一))

Sukika,【陽】收稅者。

suc﹐【字根I.】使悲傷(to grieve)

Sucarita,【中】正確的行爲。

Suci,【形】純粹的,乾淨的。【中】仁慈,善良,純淨的事物。sucikamma,【形】淨業的。sucigandha,【形】芳香的。sucijātika,【形】愛好清潔的。sucivasana,【形】衣著乾淨的。

Suciṇṇa, 【陽】遵守。

Sucitta, sucittita,【形】多雜色的,畫得好的,漆油得好的。

Succhanna,【形】覆蓋得好的,屋頂蓋得好的。

Sujana,【陽】有品德的人。

Sujā(Vedic sruc),【陰】1.獻祭的杓子(a sacrificial ladle)2.須闍(帝釋妻子的名)

Sujāta,【過】已生得好,好出生。

Sujjhati (sudh +ya), 變得乾淨,變得純淨。【過】sujjhi。【現sujjhamāna。【過suddha。【獨】sujjhitvā

Suñña (śūnya),【形】空的,空虛的。suññagāma,【陽】廢村。suññatā,【陰】空虛,空性suññagāra,【中】空屋,偏僻處。suññatāvihārena bahula viharāmi,我多住空性住。‘esā…yathābhuccā avipallatthā parisuddhā suññatāvakkanti bhavati.’(此如實的、不顛倒的、清淨的是空性之語。) tassa ajjhatta suññata manasikaroto ajjhatta suññatāya cittaj na pakkhandati nappasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati.(彼作意內空已,依(作意)內空心不踴躍,不欣樂,不安住,不解脫。) durghītā śūnyatā,【梵】惡取空。sarvaṃ śūnyam,【梵】一切皆空。PsA.(CS:pg.1.88.)Attasārābhāvena suññataṭṭho.(實質的我不存在,為空之義)

Suṭṭhu,【無】好,善。suṭṭhutā,【陰】卓越。

Sua,【陽】狗。

Suṇāti (su(śru)+ṇā), 聽。【過】sui。【過suta。【現suanta, suamāna。【義】sotabba, suitabba。【獨】sutvā, suitvā。【不】sotu, suitu

Suisā, suhā,【陰】媳婦。

Suta,【陽】兒子。

Suta (suṇāti 的【過), 已聽到,【中】神聖的知識,學問,所聽到的。sutadhara, 記憶所學或所聞的。sutavantu,【形】學習的。Yathāsuta yathāpariyatta, 如所聽聞,如所誦習。sutamayañāṇa(sutamaye ñāṇa),【中】聞慧(聞所成慧)(cf. Ps.I,4.)

Sutatta,【過】已很熱。

Sutanu,【形】有健美的身體的,有苗條的腰部的。

Sutappaya,【形】易滿意的。

Suti,【陰】聽,傳統,傳聞,天啟書sutihīna,【形】聾的。Lokanīti (世間法)10.Suti sammuti sañkhyāca, Yogā nīti visesakā. Gandhabbā gaikā ceva, Dhanu bedā ca pūraṇā. 11.Tikicchā itihāsā ca, Joti māyā ca chandati. Ketu mantā ca saddā ca, Sippāṭṭhārasakā ime. (10.天啟書、世俗智、數學,瑜伽、法律、勝論、音樂、會計,弓箭和考古。11.醫學、歷史、天文學、幻術、詩歌,邏輯、咒語、文法學。(這是十八種古印度的學問))

Sutta (supati 的【過), 已睡,已冬眠,已睡熟。

Sutta,【中】線,經,格言。suttakantana,【中】紡織。suttakāra,【陽】合乎語法的格言的著作者。suttagua,【中】線球。suttapiaka,【中】《經藏》。suttamaya,【形】線做的。

Suttanta,【陽】【中】經。suttantika,【形】學了部分或全部《經藏》的人。

Sutti,【陰】珍珠貝(pearl oyster鶯蛤一種〔鶯蛤屬 Pinctada〕和有關熱帶水域屬的雙殼海生軟體動物,尤指珠母貝屬 (Pinctada margaritifera),爲珍珠的主要商業來源)

Sudaṁ (=Vedic svid, influenced by sma: see su3),【歎】直證的(a deictic (seemingly pleonastic冗言的) particle in combn with demonstr. pronouns and adverbs; untranslatable, unless by “even, just,” )e. g. tapassī sudaṁ homi, lūkha ssudaṁ [sic] homi etc.; cp. itthaṁ sudaṁ thus; tatra sudaṁ there; api ssudaṁ; api sudaṁ; sā ssudam.

Sudanta,【形】馴養得好的,調禦者。

Sudassa,【形】善見天,容易看到的。sudassana,【形】有好外表的。

Suda, 冗言的虛詞。

Sudiṭṭha,【形】徹底地看到的。

Sudinna,【形】充分地給的,善施。

Suduttara,【形】非常難逃脫的。

Sudukkara,【形】非常難做的。

Sududdasa,【形】非常難見的。

Sudubbala,【形】非常弱的。

Sudullabha,【形】非常難獲得的。

Sudesita,【形】弘法得好的,教得好的。

Sudda,【陽】(印度種姓等級中最低等級)首陀羅族人。

Suddha,【形】乾淨的,純粹的,不摻雜的,簡單的,只,唯。suddhata,【陰】suddhatta,【中】純淨。suddhājīva,【形】過純淨的生活的,【陽】純淨的生計。Suddhāvāsa,【陽】淨居天(屬於地四禪天,共有五天︰(1)無煩天Avihā, (2)無熱天Atappā, (3)善現天Sudassī, (4)善見天 Sudassā, (5)色究竟天(阿迦尼吒) Akaniṭṭhā。五淨居天是只有已證得三果的阿那含才能投生,而會在該天入無餘涅槃。投生至該地者絕不會再回到較下層的界地,而肯定會在該地證入般涅槃。) SA.1.37./I,75.Suddhāvāsakāyikānanti suddhāvāsavāsīna.  Suddhāvāsā nāma suddhāna anāgāmikhīṇāsavāna āvāsā pañca brahmalokā.(諸淨居天的眾生︰諸淨居天的住者。淨居天純粹是阿那含及漏盡者的住處的五種梵天。)

五淨居天suddhāvāsā

五根強者

1.無煩天 Avihāpahamatalavāsino

信根強者

2.無熱天 Atappādutiyatalavāsino

精進根強者

3.善現天Sudassītatiyatalavāsino

念根強者

4.善見天 Sudassācatutthatalavāsino

定根強者

5.色究竟天(阿迦尼吒) Akaniṭṭhāpañcamatalavāsino

慧根強者

S.48.12./V,200.Imesa kho, bhikkhave, pañcanna indriyāna samattā paripūrattā araha hoti, tato mudutarehi anāgāmī hoti.(諸比丘!對此五根滿足、圓滿者,則為阿羅漢,較此軟弱者,則為不還者。)

Suddhaka,【形】純粹的。

Suddhasakhārapuñjoya, 唯諸行之聚。

Suddhāvāsika,【形】住在淨居天的。suddhavipassanāyāniko﹐純觀乘者(純觀行者suddhavipassanāyānikena yoginā)

Suddhi,【陰】純淨,清淨。suddhimagga,【陽】清淨道。

sudh (śudh / śundh)﹐【字根III.】把弄乾淨(to be clean)

Sudhanta,【過】已吹好,已潔淨得好。

Sudhammatā,【陰】好脾氣。

Sudhā,【陰】天人的食物,甘露(ambrosia),石灰,水泥。sudhākamma,【中】粉刷或塗抹。sudhākara,【陽】月亮。

Sudhī,【陽】明智的人。

Sudhota,【過】已洗好,已徹底地乾淨。

Sunakha,【陽】狗。sunakhī,【陰】母狗。

Sunahāta,【過】已沐浴得好。

Sunisita,【過】已磨得很利,已削得很尖。

Sundara,【形】好的,美好的,美麗的。sundaratara,【形】更好的,更美麗的。

sup(svap)﹐【字根I.】睡(to sleep)

Supakka,【形】完全成熟的。

Supaipanna,【形】進入正道的。

Supaṇṇa(suparṇī)﹐【陽】金翅鳥(音譯:伽婁羅鳥)

Supati(Suppati, Soppati) (sup+a) (svap; Vedic svapiti & svapati; svapna sleep or dream), 睡覺(to sleep)。【過】supi。【過sutta1, supita, sotta。【現supanta, med. suppamāna。【獨】supitvācf. sayati(睡覺,躺下)pot. supeinf. sottuSn.2-10.Uṭṭhānasutta(PTS:331)Uṭṭhahatha nisīdatha, ko attho supitena vo; Āturānañhi kā niddā, sallaviddhāna ruppata.(起來!坐起來!睡覺有什麽用?對那些被箭射中而受痛苦折磨的人,睡覺有什麽用?)

Suparikammakata,【形】準備好的,擦得很亮的。

Suparihīna,【形】被徹底剝奪的,很瘦弱的。

Supāṇa(=suvāṇa, =supāna), (a dog)

Supina, Supinaka, Supinanta,【中】夢。supinapāṭhaka,【陽】占夢佬,解夢師。《增壹阿含52.9經》敘說佛為波斯匿王析釋十種夢,並勸王當以法治化。cf. J.77.Mahāsupina-jātakaNo.146.舍衛國王夢見十事經(T2.870.3)No.147.佛說舍衛國王十夢經(T2.872a)No.148.國王不梨先泥十夢經(T2.873a)

Supupphita,【形】蓋滿花兒的,盛開花的。

Supohita, supothita,【過】已完全打敗。

Suppa,【陽】【中】簸箕、簸籮(winnoing basket)

Suppaividdha,【過】已完全明白。

Suppatiṭṭhita,【過】已堅固地建立。

Suppatīta,【形】很滿足的。

Suppadhasiya,【形】容易襲擊的,容易制服的。

Suppabhāta,【中】(問候語)黎明好,早安。

Suppavattin, 徹底熟練(good-flowing,  A.IV,140 (of pātimokkha; trsld as “thoroughly mastered” J.P.T.S.).

Suppavedita,【形】弘法得好的,善說法的。

Suppasanna,【形】非常清楚的,非常高興的,充滿信心的。

Suphassita,【形】非常適合的。

Subahu,【形】非常多的,很多的。

Subbaca,【形】服從的,溫順的,順從的。

Subbata,【形】好行爲的。

Subbuṭṭhi,【陰】多雨。

subh(śubh / śumbh)﹐【字根I.】使漂亮(to be beautiful)

Subha,【形】幸運的,吉兆的,愉快的,淨的。【中】福利,美。subhakiṇṇa,【陽】遍淨天神。subhanimitta,【中】淨相,吉兆。A.1.2./I,3.“Nāha bhikkhave, añña ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppanno vā kāmacchando uppajjati uppanno vā kāmacchando bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya savattati yathayida, bhikkhave, subhanimitta. Subhanimitta, bhikkhave, ayoniso manasi karoto anuppanno ceva kāmacchando uppajjati uppanno ca kāmacchando bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya savattatī”ti.(諸比丘!我不見別有一法,能使生起未生之慾欲,或令增廣已生之慾欲。諸比丘!這就是淨相。諸比丘!不從根源作意(不如理作意)淨相者,即令生起未生之慾欲,或令增廣已生之慾欲。)

Subhaga,【形】幸運的。

Subhadda (Subhadra), 【陽】(人名)善賢,佛陀最後度化的遍行者。

Subhara(su+bhara支援),【形】容易支援的(easy to support),易養。

Subhariyā, 【陰】賢妻,好太太Lokanīti #97(世間格言)Eka māsā subhariyā,賢妻一個月(就會忘記)

Subhāvita(su+bhāvita修習(【過),【過】善修習。DhA.Subhāvitanti samathavipassanābhāvanāhi subhāvitaṁ(善修習即善修習止觀)

Subhikkha,【形】有許多食物的。

Sumati,【陽】明智的人。

Sumana(su+mana),【形】善意的。sumanapuppha,【中】茉莉花(=vassikā)sumanamakula,【中】茉莉花蕾。sumanamālā,【陰】茉莉花環。【人名】善意公主(Sumanā rājakumārī),波斯匿王(King Kosala)的女兒。她在在觀慧佛(Vipassi Buddha)時期,曾布施了一種名為茉莉花與乳飯,給以觀慧佛為首的僧團後,她發願:“bhavābhavābhinibbattiya me sati paritassanajīvita nāma mā hotu, aya Sumanamālā viya nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne piyāva homi, nāmena ca Sumanāyevā”ti (無論投生至何處,願我生活無憂。無論投生至何處,願我是個如此花般人見人愛的女人,願我名為善意)(《增支部註》AA.5.31./III,239.)KhA.166.Sumanā bhavantūti sukhitamanā pītisomanassajātā bhavantu.(願您們有善意︰願您們有快樂的心,生起喜樂。)

Sumanā(sumanā),【陰】1.茉莉、修摩那華(jasmine Mallikā),悅意花,色黃甚香,樹高三四尺,四垂似蓋。2.善意的女人。

Sumanohara,【形】非常迷人的。

Sumānasa,【形】歡喜的。

Sumāpita,【過】已造好。

Sumutta,【過】已完全釋放。

Sumedha, sumedhasa,【形】明智的。

Sumeru,【陽】須彌山,蘇迷盧,須彌盧,修迷樓。

Sumsumārā﹐鼉。

Suyiṭṭha,【形】善供奉的。

Suyutta,【形】安排得好的,很適合的。

Sura,【陽】神,天神。suranadī,【陰】天河。suranātha,【陽】天神王。surapatha,【陽】天空。suripu,【陽】神的敵人(即:阿修羅 Asura 〔非神〕)

Surata,【形】很親愛的,投入的,執著的。

Suratta,【形】染得好的,非常紅的。

Surabhi,【形】芬香的。surabhigandha,【陽】芬芳。

Surā,【陰】穀酒(須羅酒。surāti pañca surā --1piṭṭhasurā, 2pūvasurā, 3odanasurā, 4kiṇṇapakkhittā, 5sambhārasayuttā cāti.穀酒:包括五種穀酒穀酒﹑餅酒﹑米酒﹑酵母酒﹑調和酒。)surāghaa,【陽】(帶柄和傾口的)大酒罐。surāchaa,【陽】喝酒的歡宴。surādhutta,【陽】酒鬼。surāpāna,【中】喝烈酒,烈酒。surāpāyikā,【陰】女酒鬼。surāpita,【形】喝醉者。surāmada,【陽】喝酒。surāmeraya,【中】甜酒和烈酒。surāsoṇḍa, surāsoṇḍaka,【形】有酒癮的,【陽】酒鬼(drunkard)

Surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānā﹐離穀酒、迷羅耶酒、烈酒的放逸處DA.31./I,944.surāti 1piṭṭhasurā, 2pūvasurā, 3odanasurā, 4kiṇṇapakkhittā, 5sambhārasayuttāti pañca surā. Merayanti 1pupphāsavo, 2phalāsavo, 3madhvāsavo 4guḷāsavo 5sambhārasayuttoti pañca āsavā. Ta sabbampi madakaraavasena majja. Pamādaṭṭhānanti pamādakāraa. (穀酒:包括五種穀酒穀酒﹑餅酒﹑米酒﹑酵母酒﹑調和酒迷羅耶酒:花酒﹑果酒﹑蜜酒﹑甘蔗酒,及上述諸酒的調和酒烈酒:所有釀造的醉品放逸處:作放逸。)(cf. Vin.Pāci.IV,110))

KhA.31.Surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānassa pana (1)surādīnañca aññatara hoti, (2)madanīyapātukamyatācittañca paccupaṭṭhita hoti, (3)tajjañca vāyāma āpajjati, (4)pīte ca pavisatīti imāni cattāri agānīti.(喝酒有四條件︰1.穀物酒等其中之一2.生起想要喝酒的心3.適當的行動。4.(咽喉))

  KhA.34.Surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā veramaiyā atītānāgatapaccuppannesu sabbakiccakaraṇīyesu khippa paijānanatā sadā upaṭṭhitasatitā anummattakatā ñāṇavantatā analasatā ajaatā anelamūgatā amattatā appamattatā asammohatā acchambhitā asārambhitā anussakitā saccavāditā apisuṇāpharusāsamphapalāpavāditā rattindivamatanditatā kataññutā kataveditā amaccharitā cāgavantatā sīlavantatā ujutā akkodhanatā hirimanatā ottappitā ujudiṭṭhikatā mahāpaññatā medhāvitā paṇḍitatā atthānatthakusalatāti evamādīni phalāni. Evamettha pāṇātipātādiveramaṇīna samuṭṭhānavedanāmūlakammaphalatopi viññātabbo vinicchayo.(離放逸原因的穀物酒、花果酒()酒精有:速知過去、未來、現在所應做的事,常現起()念,不瘋狂、具有智、不懶惰、不愚鈍、不羊啞、不迷醉、不放逸、不愚癡、無怖畏、無激憤、無嫉妬、語諦實,無離間、粗惡語、雜穢語,日夜無懶惰,知恩、感恩、不慳悋、具施捨、持戒、正直、不忿怒、有慚意、有愧、見正直、大慧、具慧、智賢,善巧利害〔有利與不利〕,如此等果。)

如此乃是殺生等從等起、受、根、業、果對所應知的抉擇。

Suriya,【陽】太陽。suriyaggāha,【陽】日蝕(eclipse of the sun)suriyamaṇḍala,【中】日輪(the orb of the sun A.I,283; Dhs.617.)suriyatthagama,【陽】日落。suriyarasi, suriyarasmi。【陰】陽光。suriyuggamana,【中】日出。suriyavattika, 日者(a sun-worshipper)

Surusurukāraka,【副】發出蘇嚕蘇嚕聲地()

Surugā,【陰】監獄。

Surūpa, surūpi,【形】英俊的。【陰】surūpinī

Suladdha,【形】好收穫的。

Sulabha,【形】容易獲得的。

Suva,【陽】鸚鵡(parrot)

Suvaca(su+vaca),【形】好教(ㄐㄧㄠ),好調教,溫順的,恭順的。【反】難調教(du-bbaco)(《雜阿含1138經》譯作:難可教授)。參考 SubbacaPuggalapaññatti(PTS:p.16CS:p.127.)Katamo ca puggalo suvaco?  Tattha katamā sovacassatā? Sahadhammike vuccamāne sovacassāya sovacassiya sovacassatā avippaikulaggāhitā avipaccanīkasātatā sādariya sādariyatā sagāravatā sappatissavatā--aya vuccati sovacassatā. Imāya sovacassatāya samannāgato puggalo “suvaco”.(什麼人是好教的人呢?在這裡什麼是好教性呢?當以()法勸說時,受諫、好教、好教性、不採取敵對、不反對、尊敬、尊敬性、恭敬性、贊同性--這被稱為好教性。具足這好教性是:好教的人。)《中部》《思量經》說十六種難調教者:1.惡欲(pāpiccho。《增支部注》AA.6.36./III,364.惡欲:產生不安份之欲者是無戒者)2.自讚毀他(attukkasako hoti paravambhī;梵ātmotkara-para-pasaka, ātmôtkara-para-pasanā)3.忿怒,被忿怒所支配(na kodhano hoti na kodhābhibhūto)4.因忿怒而報復(kodhahetu upanāhī)5.因忿怒而頑固(kodhahetu abhisagī)6.因忿怒而發忿怒之語(kodhasāmantā vāca nicchāretā)7.被諫誨(或責備)時敵對諫誨者(codito codakena codaka paippharati)8.被責備時輕視(apasādeti)責備者。9.被諫誨時反詰(paccāropeti(pai+āropeti檢舉)) 諫誨者。10.以忿怒避開話題(aññenañña paicarati),顧左右而言他(bahiddhākatha apanāmeti驅逐),而現忿恨(kopa)、瞋恚(dosa)、不滿(appaccaya)11.被諫誨時引喻失義(apadāne na sampāyati)12.覆惡者(makkhī)、惱害者(paḷāsī)13.嫉者(issukī)、慳者(maccharī)14.狡詐者(saho)、詐瞞者(māyāvī)15.傲頑(thaddho)、過慢者(atimānī)16.染於世俗者(sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī),固執己見者(ādhānaggāhī),為難捨性者(duppainissaggī)(M.15./I,95~96.)

Suvaṇṇa,【中】黃金。【形】好顔色,美麗的。suvaṇṇakāra,【陽】金匠。suvaṇṇagabbha,【陽】黃金的保險室。suvaṇṇaguhā,【陰】金洞(山洞)suvaṇṇatā,【陰】膚色的美。suvaṇṇapaṭṭa,【中】金片。suvaṇṇapīṭhaka,【中】金椅。suvaṇṇamaya,【形】金製的。suvaṇṇabhikāra,【陽】金水罐。suvaṇṇavaṇṇa,【形】金色的。suvaṇṇahasa,【陽】金天鵝。

Suvatthi (su+atthi), 萬歲!

Suvammita,【過】已上好馬具,已披上甲胄。

Suvavatthāpita,【形】定義好的,確定好的。

Suvāṇa,【陽】狗。suvāṇadoi, 狗的食盆。

Suvijāna,【形】容易明白的。

Suviññāpaya,【形】容易教的,容易指導的。

Suvibhatta(< su-vi-bhaj, suvi-bhajati),【過】已被完善分別、解說,已分好,已安排好。

Suvilitta,【過】已塗好香。

Suvimuttacitta,【陽】心得善解脫。

Suvimhita,【過】已很驚訝。

Suvisada,【形】非常清楚的。

Suvuṭṭhika,【形】有很多雨的。

Suve,【副】明天。

sus(śu)﹐【字根III.】弄乾(to dry)

Susakhata,【過】已準備好。

Susaññata,【形】完全抑制的。

Susaṇṭhāna,【形】有好設計的,面貌俊秀的。

Susamāraddha,【過】已完全確立AA.6.13./III,347.Susamāraddhāti suppaguakaraena suṭṭhu samāraddhā.(善確立︰以善熟練的善確立。)

Susamāhita,【過】已根深蒂固,已抑制。

Susamucchinna,【過】已完全根除。

Susāna, Susana (cp. Vedic śmaśāna),【中】墳墓,墓地(a cemetery)susānagopaka,【陽】看守墓地的人。

Susikkhita,【過】已訓練好,已完全學習。

Susira,【中】洞,窟窿。【形】有孔的,打了洞的,有洞的。

Susīla,【形】有品德的。

Susu,【陽】年輕,男孩,幼嫩。【形】年輕的。susunāga(=taruanāga)﹐幼象。

Susukā,【陰】短吻鱷(alligator)

Susukāḷa-kesa,【陽】【形】髮極黑。

Susukka,【形】很白的。

Susukha,【形】很快樂的。Dhp.(v.197-9)Susukha vata jivāma, 我們活著真快樂

Susuddha,【形】非常乾淨的。

Sussati (sus+ya), 枯萎,乾燥。【過】sussi。【過sukkha。【現sussamāna。【獨】sussitvā

Sussaratā,【陰】有悅耳的聲音的事實。

Sussūsati (su+sa, su 重疊,次 u 被長化), 聽。【過】sussūsi

Sussūsā,【陰】想聽,服從。DA.31Sussūsāyāti saddahitvā savanena.(已有信心的聽教)

Suhajja,【中】友好,友誼。

Suhada,【陽】善心人,善友DA.31./I,950.suhadāti sundarahadayā.(善心人:好心人)Suhadamitto(mitto suhado)﹐善心的朋友。

Suhita,【形】滿足的。

Sūka,【陽】(大麥等的)(awn of barley)

Sūkara,【陽】豬(a hog, pig)sūkarapotaka,【陽】小豬。sūkaramasa,【中】豬肉。sūkarakhata, 豬掘的()sūkara maddava,栴檀樹耳(檀栴樹產於印度,屬白檀科,為一種寄生植物)。北傳藏經皆謂佛陀因食栴檀樹耳致死,然佛音尊者謂有數種說法:()不嫩也不老的美味野羊之肉。()在柔軟的飯中注入牛乳,成為五味之食。()又有譯為「乾的野豬肉」。近代學者 Dr. Hoey 言佛陀受供之當地,至今猶有農夫喜食叢林中長成一種茸之球狀根,稱為 sūkara-kaṇḍa。漢譯作「栴檀樹耳」,以「茸」之說較為適當。

Sūkarika,【陽】豬肉商販,殺豬夫。

sūc﹐【字根VII.】指示(to indicate)

Sūcaka,【形】指出者;誹謗者SA.19.9./II,220.(=Sp.Pārā.II,510.)Sūcakoti pesuññakārako.(誹謗者︰說誹謗話的人。)

Sūcana,【中】指示。

Sūci,【陰】針,髮夾,髮卡,小門閂。sūcikā,【陰】門閂,目次。sūcikāra,【陽】造針的鐵匠。sūcighaikā,【陰】門閂的插殼。sūcighara,【中】針盒。sūcimukha,【陽】蚊子。sūciloma,【形】頭髮像針的。sūcivijjhana,【中】錐子。

Sūju (=su-huju),【形】直的。

Sūna,【陰】切肉台。sūnaghara,【中】屠場。

Sūta,【陽】駕駛戰車的人

Sūtighara,【中】臨盆室。

sūd﹐【字根I.】滴下(to trickle)cp.(stu) 1.讚揚(praise)2.滴下(drip)

Sūda, sūdaka,【陽】廚子。

Sūna,【形】腫脹的。

Sūnu,【陽】兒子。

Sūpa(Vedic sūpa),【陽】菜肴,咖哩飯菜(broth, soup, curry)

Sūpatittha (su+upa+tittha), 有美麗的淺灘。

Sūpadhārita,【過】已考慮好。

Sūpika,【陽】廚子。

Sūpeyya,【形】可做咖哩的。sūpeyyapaṇṇa,【中】咖哩菜。

Sūyati (suṇāti 的【被】), 被聽到。【現sūyamāna

Sūra1(<Vedic śūra, fr. śū),【形】勇猛的勇敢的、有勁的(valiant, courageous)。【陽】英雄。sūratā,【陰】sūrabhāva,【陽】勇氣(strength, valour)sūrakathā【陰】英雄論、英雄故事(a tale about heroes)Parosahassa kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīragarūpā parasenappamaddanā.(將有逾千王子(皆具)勇猛與英雄氣慨,善伐敵軍)

Sūra2, sūriya(Vedic sūra),【陽】太陽。

Sūla,【中】柱,矛。sūlāropaa,【中】刺穿。

Seka,【陽】灑水。

Sekha, sekkha(cp. Sk. śaika; fr. siks, sikkhati),【陽】有學,學習者,在完美課程的人(belonging to training)Sp.Pārā.I,242.Sekhoti puthujjanakalyāṇakena saddhi satta ariyā tisso sikkhā sikkhantīti sekhā.(有學︰凡夫善人及三種聖有情(初、二、三果),學習該學習的,為有學)A.3.84./I,231.“Sikkhatīti kho, bhikkhu, tasmā sekhoti vuccati.Kiñca sikkhati? Adhisīlampi sikkhati, adhicittampi sikkhati, adhipaññampi sikkhati.”(比丘!他學習;由於它,他被叫做:有學。他學什麼?他既學增上戒,亦學增上心,亦學增上慧。比丘!他學習;由於它,他被叫做:有學) SA.4.23./I,183.Sekhoti sīlādīni sikkhamāno sakaraṇīyo.(有學︰即戒等、學習、仍然須要學習的人。) S.45.13.“Idha, bhikkhu, sekkhāya sammādiṭṭhiyā samannāgato hoti …pe… sekkhena sammāsamādhinā samannāgato hoti. Ettāvatā kho, bhikkhu, sekkho hotī”ti.(比丘!於此處具足有學之正見具足有學之正定。比丘!如是者,故為有學) S.47.26.具壽阿那律說:“Catunna kho, āvuso, satipaṭṭhānāna padesa bhāvitattā sekho hoti”.(友!因修習四念處之範圍,故為有學)S.48.53.Idha, bhikkhave, sekho bhikkhu ‘Ida dukkhan’ti yathābhūta pajānāti, ‘Aya dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūta pajānāti, ‘Aya dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūta pajānāti, ‘Aya dukkhanirodhagāminī paipadā’ti yathābhūta pajānāti--ayampi kho, bhikkhave, pariyāyo ya pariyāya āgamma sekho bhikkhu sekhabhūmiya hito ‘sekhosmī’ti pajānāti”.(諸比丘!此有學之比丘,對此為苦亦如實知,此為苦集亦如實知,此為苦滅亦如實知,此為順苦滅道亦如實知。諸比丘!有此理趣,依此理趣故,有學之比丘住有學地,知:我為有學。)761經:「()學正見成就,學正志、正語、正業、正命、正方便、正念、正定成就,是名為()學。」(cf. S.45.13)976(cf. 別雜210):「隨時學增上戒,學增上意,學增上慧。」《瑜伽師地論》卷第六十六:「云何學法?謂或預流或一來或不還有學補特伽羅,若出世、有為法,若世間善法,是名學法。何以故,依止此法於時時中。精進修學增上戒學、增上心學、增上慧學故。」(T30.668.1) Dhp.v.45.sekho dhammapada sudesita, kusalo puppham iva pacessati.(有學說法句,有如花匠編製花圈)。亦即「有學」(證得須陀洹道至阿羅漢道)已知法、見法,所以說法自然巧妙。因此,「有學」做文字工作者必有大觀。

Sekhara,【中】花冠。

Sekhiya,【形】與訓練有關的,應當學的。

Secana,【中】灑水。參考 Seka

Seṭṭha,【形】最初的,優良的。seṭṭhatara,【形】更優良的。seṭṭhasammata,【形】被認爲最好的。

Seṭṭhi, seṭṭhī(< seṭṭha, Sk. śreṣṭhin)),【陽】百萬富翁,銀行家(foreman of a guild, treasurer, banker, “City man”, wealthy merchant)seṭṭhāna,【中】富翁的地位。seṭṭhijāyā, seṭṭhibhariyā,【陰】百萬富翁的妻子。

Sei,【陰】公會。

Seiya,【陽】公會主人。

Seta,【形】白色的,純粹的。【陽】白色。setakuṭṭha,【中】白麻瘋病。setacchatta,【中】白傘(即皇室的象徵)setapacchāda,【形】有白套的。

Setaṭṭhika,【陰】白骨。

Seti, Sayati (sī(śī)+a, Vedic śete & śayate), 睡覺,躺下(to lie down, to sleep; (applied) to be in a condition, to dwell, behave)。【過】sayi。【現senta, semānasaye, Opt.3sg.Pres. seti S.I,41, 47, 198 (ki sesi why do you lie asleep? Cp. Pv.II,61); J.I,141; Dh.79, 168; Sn.200; VvA.42; sayati Vin.I,57; J.II,53; DA.I,261. Pot. sayeyya Pv.II,3,9 & saye It.120. ppr. saya It.82, 117; Sn.193; sayāna (med.) D.I,90; II,292; M.I,57; It.117; Sn.1145; & semāna D.II,24; M.I,88; S.I,121; J.I,180; also sayamāna Th.1, 95. -- Fut. sessati S.I,83; Sn.970; DhA.I,320. -- Aor. sesi J.V,70; settha Sn.970; sayi J.VI,197, asayittha J.I,335. -- Inf. sayitu PvA.157; ger. sayitvā J.II,77. -- pp. sayita (q. v.). -- Caus. II. sayāpeti to make lie down, to bed on a couch etc. J.I,245; V,461; Mhvs 31, 35; PvA.104. -- pp. sayāpita. -- sukha seti to be at ease or happy S.I,212; J.V,242 (raṭṭha i. e. is prosperous); opp. dukkha s. to be miserable A.I,137.

Setu,【陽】橋。

Seda,【陽】汗,排汗(汗腺位於真皮內,全身汗腺有三百多萬條(《清淨道論》說︰九萬九千的毛孔出不淨的汗汁),每個汗腺都經由一條短的汗管連到皮表的小孔,稱作「汗孔」。當人體過熱時,就會在皮膚上見到汗。一個人一天排汗量約1000c.c.,炎熱天甚至高達7000c.c.)sedaka,【形】出汗的,排出的。sedana,【中】蒸( 頭等)sedāvakkhitta,【形】滿身大汗的。

Sedeti (sid+e), 使蒸發,蒸發,煮沸。【過】sedesi。【過sedita。【獨】sedetvā

Sena, senaka,【陽】鷹(hawk)

Senā,【陰】軍隊。senāyaka, senāpati, senī,【陽】將軍。senāpacca,【中】將軍的辦公室。senābyūha,【陽】軍隊的排列。

Senāsana,【中】住所(=vihāra, 房舍精舍寺院),休息處,坐臥處坐臥用品(指生活起居的用具如床、椅子、床褥、坐墊等)senāsanagāhāpaka,【陽】負責分配住所的人。senāsanacārikā,【陰】從一住所到另一住所地遷移。senāsanapaññāpaka,【陽】住所的管理者。Vibh.527.“Senāsanan”ti mañcopi senāsana, pīṭhampi senāsana, bhisipi senāsana, bibbohanampi senāsana, vihāropi senāsana, aḍḍhayogopi senāsana, pāsādopi senāsana, aṭṭopi senāsana, māḷopi senāsana, leampi senāsana, guhāpi senāsana, rukkhamūlampi senāsana, veugumbopi senāsana.  Yattha vā pana bhikkhū paikkamanti sabbameta senāsana.(住處:床是住處;椅子是住處;坐墊、枕頭、住所、斜頂屋(台語:單堵水)、尖頂屋、平頂屋、天然山洞、多層華宅、圓屋、石洞、竹林、樹下及會堂也都是住處。或者,比丘會回去的任何地方就是住處。)

Sephālikā,【陰】有芬香花的植物。

Semānaka,【形】躺下的。

Semha,【中】痰、痰癊(phlegm)semhika,【形】有痰的人。cf. Silesuma,【陽】痰T藏》第五十四冊義淨《南海寄歸內法傳》卷一朝嚼齒木條︰粗胡葉根,極爲精也。堅齒口香,消食去癊,用之半月,口氣頓除,牙疼齒憊,三旬即愈。要須熟嚼淨揩,令涎癊流出,多水淨漱,斯其法也。 《清淨道論》(Vism.261.)說,痰長在胃膜中,其顏色為白色;身體的內部約有一鉢的痰。痰不只在胃,也在心包膜上,此濃痰對心臟產生壓力。

Seyya (śreyas),【形】比較好的,優良的。settha, 最好的(比較級)【主格】【陽】【中】seyyo,【主格】【陰】seyyasiseyyā,【主格】【中】seyya。【離格】seyyasoseyyo’ham asmi,我是優的(我勝)sadiso’ham asmi,我是相等的(我等)hīno’ham asmi,我是卑的(我劣)

Seyyaka (<seyyā),【形】臥者。

Seyyati (<śṛ),【形】破壞。

Seyyathā(=tayathāsa-yathā),【副】如(as, just as)Seyyathā pieva eva(eve)恰如。

Seyyathāpī,【無】正如。

SeyyathidaSeyyathī’da, (seyyathā+ida)﹐【無】如下(as follows “i. e.” or “viz.”)

Seyyā(Sk. śayyā; fr. śī),【陰】床,被褥,睡眠(a bed, couch)

Seyyo,【無】更好。

Sericārī,【形】爲所欲爲的。

Seritā (fr. serin),【陰】獨立,自由(independence, freedom Sn.39 sq.)

Serin (cp. Sk. svairin) ,【形】獨立的,自由的(self-willed, independent, according to one’s liking)

Serivihāra (serin+vihāra) ,【形】自己的選擇的生活(lodging at one’s own choice M.I,469 sq.; Vism.66 (serivihārasukha)

Serivihārī,【形】自己的選擇的生活。

Serīsaka (adj.) [fr. sirīsa] made of Sirīsa wood, name of a hall D.II,356 sq.; Vv 8453; VvA.331, 351.

Sereyyaka name of a tree (Barleria cristata) J.III,253.

Sela [S.I,127; D.II,39; A.III,346; Dh.81; J.II,14; Vin.I,4 sq.; III,147= J.II,284.
 

Selaka [sela+ka] “rocky,” a kind of copper

Sela(fr. silā),【陽】岩石,石頭(rocky Dh.8; (m.) rock, stone, crystal)selamaya,【形】石做的,佛陀的石缽(made of rock (crystal?), of the bowl of the Buddha SnA 139, 159.)selagua, 石球(a rocky ball J.I,147)

Seleyya,【中】安息香樹膠(gum benjamin﹐有香味的樹脂,從安息香屬 (Styrax) 的各種喬木〔尤指在蘇門答臘、爪哇和泰國〕獲得,商品爲淡黃色至棕色,硬而易脆裂有芳香氣味的珠狀或塊狀物,主要用於治療皮膚發炎,用作香料刺激性祛痰劑,用作香料的固定劑,用作香)seleyyaka,【陽】安息香樹(落葉喬木 (Styrax benzoin),齊墩果科。産於蘇門答臘、暹羅等處。幹高二三丈。葉卵形而尖。夏月開花,帶赤色,總狀花序。割傷樹幹,可取樹脂,乾燥後,成黃黑色之塊,名安息香。可用爲藥及香料,又可供安息油,安息酸 等之製造。惟今普通用之安息香,繫取他種香料加膠製成,絕無安息香質料也)

sev(sev)﹐【字根I.】服侍(to serve),聯合(to associate)

Sevaka,【陽】僕人,隨從。【形】服務的,伴隨的。

Sevati (sev服侍、聯合+a), 1.服侍,和來往,光顧(to serve, associate with, resort to)2.練習,狎近,擁抱,利用,面臨(to practice, embrace, make use of)。【過】sevi。【過sevita。【現sevanta, sevamāna。【獨】sevitvā。【義】sevitabbasevato

Sevana,【中】sevanā,【陰】1.結交(台語:交陪kau pue5)2.務。3.使用,受用Sevanāti bhajanā payirupāsanā tasahāyatā tasampavakatā tasamagitā. (結交:具有事實的結交、侍候、友誼、親密)(KhA.CS:p.104)

Sevā,【陰】服務。

Sevāla,【陽】苔蘚,稀泥,線帶草(一種沉水的水生植物 (Vallisneria spiralis),葉長似帶亦稱芹屬 (celery),大葉屬 (eelgrass),水芹屬 (water celery),野生芹屬 (wild celery))sevālapaakapariyonaddhā﹐青苔、水草所覆。

Sevita (sevati 的【過), 1.已用。2.已練習。3.已和來往。

Sevī,【陽】聯合者,練習的人。

Sesa,【形】剩餘的,留下的。asesa,【反】。

Seseti (sis+e), 留下。【過】sesesi。【過sesita。【獨】sesetvā

So (ta 的【主.單】),【陽】他。有時用作強調用。如︰so’ha, 那個我(=that I)so brāhmano, (=那個)婆羅門。

Soka,【陽】傷心事,悲傷。sokaggi,【陽】悲傷的火。sokapareta,【形】被傷心事壓倒的。sokavinodana,【中】消除傷心事。sokasalla,【中】悲傷的飛鑣。M.10./I,55~6.(=D.22./II,290.)“Ekāyano aya, bhikkhave, maggo 1sattāna visuddhiyā, 2sokaparidevāna samatikkamāya, 3dukkhadomanassāna atthagamāya, 4ñāyassa adhigamāya, 5nibbānassa  sacchikiriyāya, yadida cattāro satipaṭṭhānā.(諸比丘!為(ㄨㄟˋ)諸有情的清淨,為諸悲傷及諸啼哭的超越,為諸苦憂的消滅,為真理的獲得,為涅槃的作證,這一條道路,就是四念住。) Vibhv.PTS:p.181.Ñātibyasanādīhi phuṭṭhassa cittasantāpo soko. Tasseva vacīpalāpo paridevo.(親戚發生不幸等,悲傷,為。因此而(喃喃地)說廢話,為)VibhA.(CS:p.488)antonijjhāyanalakkhao soko; tannissitalālappalakkhao paridevo.(心中炎熱的特相,為。向下依靠哀哭的特相,為)

Sokī,【形】悲傷的。

Sokhya,【中】健康,快樂。

Sokhumma,【中】優良。

Sogandhika,【中】白睡蓮(睡蓮屬 (Nymphaea) 的一種白花睡蓮〔特指香睡蓮 N.odorata〕,與睡蓮屬的黃睡蓮相區別)

Socati (suc(śuc)+ask. śocati), 哀悼,傷心。【過】soci。【過socita。【現socanta, socamāna。【義】socitabba。【獨】socitvā。【不】socitu

Socanā,【陰】悲傷。

Soceyya (abstr. fr. śuc, *śaucya),【中】純淨(purity)

Soa1 (see suvāṇa),【陽】狗(a dog, =sunakha)。《翻梵語》卷第六(T54.1021.2)︰「輸屢那(譯曰︰腹也)。」soṇī,【陰】母狗(a bitch)

(+sigāla); soṇi (f.) Mhvs 7, 8=sona It.36.

Soṇa2 (cp. śyonāka), (a kind of tree; the Bodhi trees of the Buddhas Paduma and Nārada Bu IX.22; X.24; J.I,36, 37.

Soita (Sk. śoṇita, fr. śoṇa red),【中】血(blood)

Soṇī(cp. Sk. śroṇī),【陰】1.腰部(the buttock)2.母狗(a bitch)

Soṇḍa, saṇḍaka(cp. Sk. śauṇḍa),【形】【陽】上酒癮的,醉漢(addicted to drink, intoxicated, a drunkard)itthisoṇḍī, 女醉漢(a woman addicted to drink Sn 112;或者對女人上癮(one who is addicted to women” , cf. SnA 172, cp. J II.431 itthi-surā-maṁsa-soṇḍa)

Soṇḍā(śuṇḍā),【陰】1.象鼻(an elephant’s trunk)2.有酒癮的女人。

Soṇḍika(<soṇḍa),【陽】1.賣酒商人。2.酒癮的人。dīghasoṇḍiya, 耽溺飲酒。

Soṇḍikā, soṇḍī,【陰】1.蔓藤(tendril of a creeper)2.辣肉(peppered meat (cp. Sanskrit śauṇḍī long pepper))3.天然的石水池。

Soḍī1(soṇḍisoṇḍikā),【陰】天然的石水池(a natural tank in a rockudakasoṇḍi)

Soḍī2,【陰】烏龜頸部(the neck of a tortoise(soṇḍi-pañcamāni angāni))。蛇頸(the hood of a snake(nāgā soṇḍi-katā))

Soṇṇa,【中】黃金。soṇṇamaya,【形】金製的(golden, made of gold)soṇṇālaṅkāra, 黃金裝飾(with golden ornaments J.II,48. )soṇṇadhaja, 金旗(with golden flags J.II,48. )soṇṇabhiṅkāra, 金瓶(a golden vase Sdhp.513. )soṇṇavālukā, 黃金屑(gold dust )

Sota1(Vedic śrotas & śrotra; fr. su(śru), see suṇāti),【中】耳朵。sotadvāra,【中】耳門。sotabila,【中】耳孔。sotavantu,【形】有耳朵的人。sotaviññāṇa,【中】耳識。sotaviññeyya,【形】耳朵可辨識的。sotāyatana,【中】耳處(耳淨色,能聽聲音的色法)sotadhātu,【中】耳界。sotānugata﹐傾聽。sotāvadhāna, 傾聽(giving ear, attention M.II,175.Ps.I,4.)A.4.191.sotānugatānanti(耳的跟隨) pasādasotaṁ(耳淨色=耳門) odahitvā(專心後) ñāṇasotena(智慧之流) vavatthapitāna(定義). (傾聽:洗耳恭聽,生智慧之流之意)

Sota2(Vedic srotas, nt., fr. śru see savati),【中】【陽】1.水流,奔流,洪水,流(《雜阿含1177經》︰「流,謂生死。」)(stream, flood, torrent)SA.2.8./I,107Sotanti tahāsota.(︰渴愛之流。)M.1./CS:p.1.93.Sotanti kilesasota.(︰染污之流)2. passage, aperture (of body, as eyes, ears, etc.), in kaṇṇasota orifice of the ear, and nāsasota nostril. sotāpatti(entering upon the stream, i. e. the noble eightfold path)

Sotabba,【義】適合被聽。

Sotāpatti (sota+āpatti行向),【陰】須陀洹道(初道,正在進入聖道者)sotāpattiphala, 【中】須陀洹果。cattāri sotāpattiyagāni, 四預流支(佛、法、僧、戒成就證淨。但也有說別的四項︰S.55.39./V,396-7.於佛、法、僧成就證淨,及離慳常施)S.55.5./V.347“Sappurisasasevo hi, bhante, (1)sotāpattiyaga, (2)saddhammassavana sotāpattiyaga, (3)yonisomanasikāro sotāpattiyaga, (4)dhammānudhammappaipatti sotāpattiyagan”ti.((1)親近善士為預流支(companionship with good persons)(2)聽聞正法為預流支(hearing the Good Law)(3)從根源作意為預流支(wise reflection)(4)法次法向為為預流支(living in conformity with the Law)) sotāpatti-y-aga為「預流支」,不是「預流向」(或「預流道」sotāpatti-magga)Dhp.v.178.“Pathabyā ekarajjena, saggassa gamanena vā; Sabbalokādhipaccena, sotāpattiphala varan”ti.(一統大地者,得生天上者,一切世界主,不及預流勝。)

Sotāpanna (sota+āpanna行向(【過】;梵srotāpanna),【過】須陀洹果(初果,已進入聖道者)、預流果。此處的「流」(sota),是指「法流」(dhammasota),參見A6.10/III,285:「已一起行向法流」。

Sotindriya,【中】耳根。

Sotar (<suṇāti),【陽】聽者(a hearer)sotukāma,【形】樂意聽的。

Sotā,【陰】聽者(ThA.200 (Ap.V,3))

Sotthi (=suvatthi, svasti=su asti),【陰】安,安全,祝福。sotthikamma,【中】祝福。sotthibhāva,【陽】安全。sotthisālā,【陰】醫院,療養院。

Sotti﹐洗具。

Sottiya﹐【形】通聖典的。

Sodaka,【形】濕的,滴著的。

Sodariya,【形】同一個母親生的。

Sodhaka,【形】淨化者,糾正者,潔淨者。

Sodhana,【中】清潔,修正。

Sodhāpeti (sodheti乾淨的【使】), 使清理,使改正。【過】sodhāpesi。【過sodhāpita。【獨】sodhāpetvā

Sodhita, (Sodheti的【過) 使乾淨,使潔淨,改正,清除債務。

Sodheti (sudh+e), 澄清,使潔淨,改正,清除債務。【過】sodhesi。【現sodhenta, sodhayamāna。【義】sodhetabba。【獨】sodhetvā, sodhayitvākhetta sodheti, 田園收割。

Sopāka (śva+pāka,),【陽】(印度的世襲)賤民,殺狗者。參考Sapāka

Sopāna,【陽】【中】樓梯,梯。sopanti,【陰】階梯的一段。sopānapāda,【陽】梯腳。sopānaphalaka,【中】梯級。sopānasīsa,【中】梯頭(樓梯的頂端)

Soppa (=supina【陽】【中】),【中】睡覺,夢。

Soppati (sup+a), 睡覺。

Sobbha,【中】深坑,水池。

Sobhagga,【中】光彩壯麗,美麗。sobhaggappatta,【形】有美麗的,有光彩壯麗的。

Sobhaa, sobhana,【形】光亮的,美麗的,莊嚴的,優雅的sobhanacetasika﹐美心所(阿毘達摩用語)

Sobhati (subh+a), 照耀,輝煌,使光彩,神采奕奕,看起來很美麗。【過】sobhi。【過sobhita。【現sobhanta, sobhamāna, sobhayanto(Sn.PTS.v.421.)。【獨】sobhitvā

Sobhā,【陰】光彩壯麗,美麗。

Sobhita, (sobheti‘照耀的【過) 使輝煌,裝飾。

Sobheti (sobhati照耀的【使】), 使輝煌,裝飾。【過】sobhesi。【現sobhenta。【獨】sobhetvā【祈】sobheyya

Soma,【陽】月亮。

Somanassa(su愉悅+manas),【中】歡喜,高興,快樂。【反】domanassa﹐【中】憂。

Somma,【形】溫和的,愉快的,令人喜愛的。

Soracca(nt.fr. sorata),【中】溫順,柔和(gentleness, restraint, meekness)

Sūrata (=surata) 溫順,柔和(soft, mild J.VI,286; Mhbv 75; kindly disposed S.IV,305.)Cp. surata & soratasoracciya,【中】溫順。

Sorata, Sūrata, (=su+rata, (B)Sk. is sūrata),【形】溫順,柔和(gentle, kind, humble, self-restrained)

Soasa(num. card.Sk. ṣoḍaśa),【形】十六(sixteen)soasama, 第十六。soasavatthukā, 十六事((之疑)。證果已越度懷疑(tiṇṇavicikicchā))S.12.20./II,26-7.Yato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa-- ‘Ayañca paiccasamuppādo, ime ca paiccasamuppannā dhammā’ yathābhūta sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhā honti, so vata pubbanta vā paidhāvissati--‘1Ahosi nu kho aha(=nu khvāha (syā. ka. pī. ka.)) atītamaddhāna, 2nanu kho ahosi atītamaddhāna, 3ki nu kho ahosi atītamaddhāna, 4katha nu kho ahosi atītamaddhāna, 5ki hutvā ki ahosi nu kho aha atītamaddhānan’ti; aparanta vā upadhāvissati(=apadhāvissati (ka.)) -- ‘6Bhavissāmi nu kho aha anāgatamaddhāna, 7nanu kho bhavissāmi anāgatamaddhāna, 8ki nu kho bhavissāmi anāgatamaddhāna, 9katha nu kho bhavissāmi anāgatamaddhāna, 10ki hutvā ki bhavissāmi nu kho aha anāgatamaddhānan’ti; etarahi vā paccuppanna addhāna ajjhatta kathakathī bhavissati--‘11Aha nu khosmi, 12no nu khosmi, 13ki nu khosmi, 14katha nu khosmi, 15aya nu kho satto kuto āgato, 16so kuhi gamissatī’ti--neta hāna vijjati. Ta kissa hetu?  Tathāhi, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa ayañca paiccasamuppādo ime ca paiccasamuppannā dhammā yathābhūta sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhā”ti. (諸比丘!聖弟子對此緣起及緣生法,以正慧已如實徹底地見到,他確實想過去世:「1過去世我存在嗎?2過去世我不存在嗎?3過去世我是什麼?4過去世我如何?5過去世我曾經是什麼成為什麼?」想未來:「6未來世我將存在嗎?7未來世我將不存在嗎?8未來世我存在嗎?9未來世我將如何存在?10未來世我將從什麼成為什麼?」於今現世內心將有疑問:「11我存在嗎?12我不存在嗎?13什麼是我?14怎樣是我?15這眾生(=)來自哪裡?16他將去哪裡?」此(懷疑)事不可能。為何?諸比丘!因為聖弟子對緣起及緣生法,以正慧如實徹底地見到。))

Sovaggika,【形】導致天堂的。

Sovacassa (suvacas-ya),【陰】柔和,服從。sovacassakaraa﹐服從性,服從事。【反】dovacassakaraa﹐不服從性。sovacassakaraehi dhammehi samannāgato,具足容易教誨之法。

Sovacassatā(sovacassa柔和+tā狀態),陰】恭順(容易受勸告),文雅(suavity, gentleness)

Sovaṇṇa(<fr. suvaṇṇa),【中】黃金(golden)sovaṇṇaya, sovaṇṇamaya,【形】金的。

Sovatthika(either fr. sotthi with diæresis, or fr. su+atthi+ka=Sk. svastika),【中】1.ㄨㄢˋ(有時作左旋的卍;鳩摩羅什、玄奘諸師譯為,菩提流支譯為)2.眼鏡蛇膨脹的頸部的 S 標誌。佛陀手足(指端?)srīvatsa(卐,可能指尚未開展的)svastika()nandyāvatra (曲線的)vardhamāna(原意:增長;卐的四支增長)(卐有時作左旋卍)佛陀身毛向上相含有毛右旋,因此推論字乃右旋。(詳見︰Mahāvyutpatti(BB.XIII,p.6翻譯名義大集)Lalitavistara(Lal.106,普曜經)Dharmasamuccaya(84,阿毗達磨集論)Dharmapradipikā(1314, 法燈)(佛陀三十二相第十相身毛向上相’ (uddhagga-lomatā-lakkhaa)含有毛右旋(dakkhiṇāvaṭṭakajātāni),因此推論字乃右旋。)。印度主神之一毗濕笯的胸毛,有稱為vatsa()《大般若波羅蜜多經》卷第三百八十一 (T6.968.8~9)手足及胸臆前,俱有吉祥喜旋德相(指胸毛正中央含有螺旋形的卐),文同綺畫色類朱丹。」《慧琳音義》和《華嚴經》有十七處說到卐為右旋。

Sovīraka, suvīraka,【陽】酸的稀粥(sour gruel),醋。

Sosa (<śu),【陽】1.乾燥。2.肺病(肺結核けかく)

Sosana,【中】弄乾。

Sosānika(<susāna) ,【形】塚間住者(connected with a cemetery, bier-like十三頭陀支之一)

Soseti (sus+e)(caus. of sussati) , 弄乾,使凋謝(to cause to dry or wither)。【過】sosesi。【過sosita。【現sosenta。【獨】sosetvā

Sossati, (suṇāti 的【未】)將聽到。

Sohada(Sk. sauhṛda, <su+hṛd),朋友(a friend Mhvs 38, 98). See also suhada.

Sohajja,【中】友誼。

Stotra,【梵】頌詞。

Sneha(=sniha),【陽】愛,油。

Svākāra(su+ākāra),【形】有好性情的(being of good disposition)

Svākkhāta(su+akkhāta; BSk. svākhyāta), 善宣說的。‘Svākkhāto Bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccatta veditabbo viññūhī’ti.(法是世尊善說、自見(sa自己+n+diṭṭhika)、即時、來見、引導、智者各自證知的。)

Svāgata(su+āgata),【形】1.歡迎( welcome﹐音譯:莎揭哆)2.記住的(learnt by heart)svāgata,【副】歡迎你!

Svātana(cp. Sk. śvastana),【形】與翌日有關的。svātanaya,【與】給翌日。

Svātivatta [su+ativatta] easily overcome Sn 785; Nd1 76.

Svāssu =so assu J I.196.

Svāhaṁ =so ahaṁ.

Sve(cp. Sk. śvas),【副】明天。suve suve﹐日復一日(day after day)

 

H

 

H, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第三十一個輔音字母。發音好像漢語中的 ㄏ。梵文還有’(visarga)

Ha(freq. in Rigveda, as gha or ha, Sk. hi), (表示驚訝、疑問、喜悅或用以喚起注意等)嗨,喂(hey, oh, hallo, I say)iti ha, 如此(thus; a common beginning to traditional instruction. Sn.1053)itihītihaṁ, 如此如此((saying), “thus and thus” Sn 1084SnA.416.(ha-kāra)PvA 4 (ha re), 58 (gloss for su))

Haṁ(indecl.)(cp. Sk. haṁ), 感嘆詞(an exclamation “I say, hey, hallo, look here!” Sometimes as han ti)iti haṁ(=iti)haṁ dhī(DhA I.179, 216 (here as haṁ di))handa, 喂!

Haṁsa1(< haṁsati), (毛髮等)直立,倒豎(bristling)

Haṁsa2(cp. Sk. haṁsa),1.(a water-bird, swan)suvaṇṇa-rāja-haṁsa,金鵝王(“golden royal swan”) to be king of the birds: J I.207; II.353; Vism.650.) haritahasa-tambahasa-khīrahasa-kāḷahasa-pākahasa-

suvaṇṇahasesu, At SnA.277.)pākahasa,(a species of water bird J V.356; VI.539; SnA 277)f. haṁsī Dāvs V.24 (rāja°)2.一種建築物(a kind of building J.I.92.)hasapotaka,幼鵝(a young swan)hasarāja, 鵝王(the king of swans)

Haṁsati, (毛髮等)直豎(to bristle, stand on end (said of the hair)caus. haṁseti使直豎。pp. haṭṭha.

Haṁsana(< hṛṣ),【形】【中】(毛髮等)直豎(bristling, see lomahaṁsa)

Haṁsi,(indecl.)=hañci if, in case that.

Hacca(< han),【形】殺(killing)bhūnahacca,墮胎(killing an embryo)

Hañci (indecl.)(haṁ+ci),假如(if)

Haññati(han+ya), 被殺,被破壞。【過】haññi。【現haññamānaS.42.3./IV,309.‘Ime sattā haññantu vā bajjhantu vā ucchijjantu vā vinassantu vā mā ahesu iti vā’ti.(這些有情,當殺!當捕!當斬!當滅!勿使存在。)

Haññana,【中】虐待,苦惱,殺害。

Haṭa1(harati 的【過), 已帶,獲得(taken, carried off)haṭahaṭakeso, 使(頭髮)蓬鬆(with dishevelled hair, S.4.19./I,115)

Haṭa2(cp. Sk. haṭha & haṭa), 水芙蓉、水浮蓮(可淨化污水)(Pistia stratiotes. D I.166; M I.78, 156; Pug 55 (text sāta-); A I.241, 295 (v. l. sāta; cp. hāṭaka))

Haṭṭha (hasati 的【過), 1.已毛髮豎立(bristling, standing on end)2.已歡喜,已快樂(joyful, happy)hahatuṭṭha,【形】充滿歡笑的。haṭṭhaloma,【形】毛髮豎立的。lomahaṭṭhajāta, 髮豎立(with bristling hairs, excited)

Haha(Dhtp.101=balakkāra),【陽】暴力(violence)

Hata(hanati 的【過), 已殺,已傷害,已破壞。hatabhāva,【陽】被破壞的情況。hatantarāya,【形】已經除掉障礙的人。hatavakāsa,【形】已斷除善惡的所有機會的人(Dh.97; DhA.II.188)reṇuhata,以塵土攻擊,以塵土覆蓋(struck with dust, covered with dust)hatatta, 【中】被破壞的狀態。hatâvasesaka, 活下來,倖存(surviving D.I.135); pakkhahata, 跛子,殘廢的人(a cripple)hatavikkhittaka, 屠殺(slain & cut up, killed & dismembered Vism.179, 194)nāgahata, 屠龍。hatantarāya,移除障礙(one who removes an obstacle)

Hati (< han),【陰】破壞(destruction Dāvs IV.17.)

Hattha(< hṛ, cp. Vedic hasta),【陽】手,柄,腕尺(等於手肘至指尖的距離或兩個張手,1=46~56 cm)hatthaka,【陽】像手的東西。【形】有手的。hatthakacchapaka,造作空手狀(making a hollow hand J.III.505.)hatthakamma,【中】手工(manual work, craft, workmanship, labour. J I.220; DhA I.98, 395; IV.64.)hatthaga,掌權(being in the power of)hatthagata,【形】取得的(到手的)hatthagahaa,【中】hatthagāha,【陽】抓在手中,抓著。hatthacchinna,【形】斷手的。hatthaccheda,【陽】hatthachedana(=hatthacchedana),【中】切斷手。hatthaguli,手指(finger PvA.124 (pādaguli,腳趾toe))hatthaṭṭhika,手骨(hand-bone KhA.49.)hatthantara, 腕尺(a cubit, 古時一種量度,自肘至中指端,長約18-22英寸Vism 124.)hatthatala,【中】手掌。hatthatthagata(hatth-attha-gata),在掌控中(in somebody’s power J I.244; III.204; VI.582. )hatthapajjotikā,燒烤手(hand-illumination, scorching of the hand (by holding it in a torch), a kind of punishment M I.87; A I.47; II.122; Miln.197; Nd1 154. )hatthapatāpaka,燒煤盤(a coal-pan, heating of the hand Vv 3332; VvA 147; see mandāmukhī煤斗)hatthabandha,手鐲(a bracelet D I.7; DA I.89. )hatthapasāraa,【中】伸出手。hatthapāda,手足hatthapāsa,【陽】手的長度(the side of the hand, vicinity Vin IV.221, 230。古譯為「伸手所及處」。等於兩個半肘尺(hattha)的長度,一個肘尺長等於手肘至指尖的距離或兩個指距。當僧團在舉行任何羯磨法時,比丘們彼此之間的距離必須在一手臂距離之內,如果超過該距離的話,僧團所舉行的羯磨法則無效。)hatthasāra,動產(hand-wealth, movable property DhA I.240; J I.114; DA I.216.)hatthavaṭṭaka,【陽】手推車(hand-cart Vin.II.276.)hatthavikāra,【陽】手移動、手的運動。hatthasāra,【陽】最有價值的事物。hatthapalekhana,【形】(食後)舔手的(licking the hands (to clean them after eating, cp. the 52nd Sekhiya Vin IV.198))hatthahattha,在手頭上(in hand)hatthābharaa,【中】手鐲、臂釧(bracelet Vin II.106.)hatthālaṅkāra, 手鐲、臂釧(a (wrist) bracelet, wristlet VvA.167.)sahassahattha,千手(thousand-armedm. Mhvs. 30, 75); pañcahattha, 五隻手(having five hands J.V.425; J.V.431)katahattha, 使用的手,弓箭手(a practised hand, practised (of an archer))hatthappatta,放在手中(what one can put one’s hand on, i. e. “before his very eyes” Vin I.15. ) hatthābhijappana,【中】以咒語把人舉起(incantations to make a man throw up his hands D.I,11; DA.I,97.)daṇḍahattha,棍在手(stick in hand J I.59)rittahattha,空手(empty-handed Sdhp 309)vīṇāhattha, 琵琶在手(lute in hand Mhvs.30, 75. )sahattha,用自己的手(with one’s own hand)hatthaṁ gacchati & āgacchati,權力在望、權力在握(to come into the power of (āyanti hatthatthaṁ) )hatthe karoti,以手攜帶、擁有(to bring under one’s hand, to take possession of, to subdue J VI.490.)hatthaṁ gacchati, 握權(to come under somebody’s hand, to come under the sway of J I.179)

Hattha(skt. aṣāḍhā),【陽】軫宿(二十七星宿之一)

Hatthaka(hattha+ka),一手之量(a handful, a quantity (lit. a little hand))

Hatthatthara,【陽】(披在象身上的)象氈墊。

Hatthācariya,【陽】象者。

Hatthāroha,【陽】騎象者。

Hatthin(hatthī)(=hatthi‘的短化詞形)hatthikantavīṇā,【陰】誘騙象的琵琶。hatthikalabha,【陽】小象。hatthikumbha,【陽】象的球狀額骨。hatthikula,【中】象種。hatthikkhandha,【陽】象背。hatthigopaka,【陽】看象人。hatthidanta,【陽】【中】象牙。hatthidamaka,【陽】馴象師。hatthidamma,【陽】在訓練中的象。hatthipada,【中】象腳,象足迹。hatthipākāra,【陽】浮雕象畫像的牆壁。hatthippabhinna,【形】怒象。hatthibandha, hatthimeṇḍa,【陽】看象人。hatthimatta,【形】像象一樣的大。hatthimāraka,【陽】獵象人。hatthiyāna,【中】乘象,騎象。hatthiyuddha,【中】象兵戰。hatthirūpaka,【中】象的體形。hatthilaṇḍa,【陽】象糞。hatthiligasakua,【陽】鹮(構成鹮科 (Threskiornithidae) 或朱鷺科的幾種與鷺有親緣關係的涉禽,産於東西兩半球的溫暖地帶,以水生動物及兩棲動物爲食,特徵是有一個細長的向下彎的與麻鷸的喙相似的喙)hatthisālā,【陰】象棚。hatthisippa,【中】訓練象的知識。hatthisoṇḍā,【陰】象鼻。ekacārika-hatthi., 獨行之象、王家之象(an elephant who wanders alone, a royal elephant J III.175.)

Hatthinī(=hatthinikā),【陰】母象。

Hatthī,【陽】象。

had﹐【字根I.】排出排泄物(to emit excrement)

Hadaya( hrdaya<hd),【中】心(甲骨文︰;金文︰。金文更像心臟之形,可見古人以心臟為思慮之所)音譯紇利陀耶、汗栗馱。意譯作肉團心、真實心、堅實心,乃意根之所託。英文的心臟是以希臘語的kardia(καρδια)來的,心臟(拉丁語cor)是一種器官,其主要作用相當於一個動力泵,推動血液在人體中不停地循環流動,有規律的收縮。「心」指心臟或肉團心,此非心識(citta)非具有思考作用之心(緣慮心)但是它是心識所賴以生起之處,即意根是心法(名法)的所依,即心所依靠的色法(心所依處色hadaya rūpa or hadaya vatthu ),它在心臟內,據禪修者所說:它存在於心藏的下部,它取色法及名法當它的對象。它本身即迅速生滅,當它取色法及名法當它的對象時,由心藏內的下部上升到心藏的上部。hadayagama,【形】愉快的,迷人的,愜意的。hadayamasa,【中】心臟肉。hadayadasakakalāpa,【中】心色十法聚(地、水、火、風、顏色、香、味、食素、命根色、心色)hadayavatthu,(=hadayarūpa) 【中】心所依處色,心色,心基,心所依(支持意界及意識界,存在於有分意界的下端,在心臟上端孔內(hadayakosabbhantara心臟內室)的一小撮滯留血中(非循環血中)。依醫學觀點,腦的功能包括記憶、思維等,但依深度禪定所見,記憶、思維的作用在心。)hadayasantāpa,【陽】傷心事。hadayassita, hadayanissita,【形】與心連接的。

han(han)﹐【字根I.】殺(to kill),打(to beat)。【字根III.】被殺(to be killed)

Han (indecl.) see ha.

Hanakara(aha-ākāra)﹐【陽】【形】有我相的、有我慢的。

Hanati1, hanti (han+a), 1.襲擊(to strike, to thresh S IV.201; J IV.102.)2.(to kill D.I,123; A.IV,97 (asinā hanti attāna); Sn 125; Dh 405; maggahanati to slay travellers on the road J I.274; III.220.)3.傷害(to destroy, to remove Sn.118; Dh.72.)。【過】hani。【過hata。【現hananta, hanamāna。【獨】hantvā, hanitvā。【不】hantu, hanitu。【義】hantabba, hanitabbapres. 1st sg. hanāmi J II.273; 2nd sg. hanāsi J III.199; V.460; 3rd sg. hanti Sn 118; A IV.97; DhA II.73 (=vināseti); Dh 72; hanāti J V.461; hanati J I.432; 1st pl. hanāma J I.200; 3rd pl. hananti Sn 669. Imper. hana J III.185; hanassu J V.311; hanantu J IV.42; Dh 355; J I.368. Pot. hane Sn 394, 400; haneyya D I.123; Sn 705. ppr. a-hana not killing D I.116; hananto J I.274. fut. hanissati J IV.102; hañchati J IV.102; hañchema J II.418. aor. hani Mhvs 25, 64; 3rd pl. hanisu Sn 295; J I.256; ger. hantvā Sn 121; Dh 294 sq.; hanitvāna J III.185. -- Pass. haññati D II.352; S IV.175; Sn 312; J I.371; IV.102; DhA II.28. ppr. haññamāna S IV.201. grd. hantabba D II.173. aor. pass. haññisu D I.141. fut. haññissati DA I.134. Caus. hanāpeti to cause to slay, destroy J I.262; DA I.159; ghātāpeti Vin I.277; ghāteti to cause to slay Dh 405; Sn 629; a-ghātaya, not causing to kill S I.116; Pot. ghātaye Sn 705; ghātayeyya Sn 394; aor. aghātayi Sn 308; ghātayi Sn 309; pass. ghātīyati Miln.186. See also ghāteti. cp. upahanati, vihanati; °gha, ghāta etc., paligha.

Hanati2 (*han for had, probably from pp. hanna. The Dhtm (535) gives had in meaning of “uccāra ussagga”),空掉缽(to empty the bowels Pv IV.88 (=vacca osajjate PvA 268).pp. hanna. cp. ūhanati2 & ohanati.

Hanana(<hanati),【中】打擊、殺害(striking, injuring)

Hanu, hanuka(Vedic hanu),【陰】顎(the jaw)D.I,11; J I.28 (mahāhanu), 498; Sn.A.30 (hanusañcalana); VbhA.145 (hanusañcopana). hanu-sahanana jaw-binding, incantations to bring on dumbness D I.11; DA I.97.

Hantu,【陽】殺的人,襲擊的人。

Hantvā, [hanati] 的【獨】。

Handa (表示指示、容許或聽任的虛詞), 那麽,喂,好了,讓。

Hambho, 用來稱呼同輩的虛詞。

Hammiya,【中】大房子,樓房。

hams﹐【字根I.】高興(to be delighted)

Haya,【陽】馬。hayapotaka,【陽】小馬。hayavāhī,【形】被馬拉的(車等)

Hayānīka,【中】騎兵,馬兵。

har﹐【字根I.】取走(to take away)The Dhtm expls har laconically by “haraa”. cp.(har)使高興(be gratified)(h) 1.(take)2.發怒(be angry)

har (harā) ﹐【字根III.】使作嘔(to be disgusted with)

Hara,【陽】濕婆(印度三大神中司破壞之神),大自在天。

Haraa(<h),【中】運載。haraaka,【形】運送的,可移動的。kucchiharaa,【中】填飽肚子(filling of the belly J I.277.)VbhA.p.354.︰實踐回原處再走的「往返的任務」者(haraapaccāharaasakhāta gatapaccāgatavatta pūrento)(如︰黑藤堂的大龍長老(Kāḷavallimaṇḍapavāsī Mahānāgatthero)決定只有在心專注於業處之下才提腳,而如果在心脫離了業處之下提腳時,他即會轉身走回原處。)

Harati(har取走+a), 1.攜帶(to carry【反】paccāharati)2.帶、提供(to bring, to offer)3.拿、採集( to take, gather (fruits))4.賣得、買(to fetch, buy)5.取走、摒棄(to carry away, to remove, to do away with, to abolish J I.345)6.掠奪、偷(to take away by force, to plunder, steal)7.移去、殺(to take off, to destroy,J I.222 (jīvita), 310 (visa); to kill J I.281.)。【過】hari。【過haa。【現haranta, haramāna。【獨】haritvā, hātūna。【不】haritu, hātave, hātu, hattuaor. ahāsi; ger. haritvā; fut. hāhiti(=harissati); pass. harīyati, hīrati; pret. ahīratha; grd. haritabba. caus. hāreti, hāretabba; caus.II. harāpeti to cause to be brought, to offer.

Harāyati(hiri慚愧的【派】), 1.感到慚愧(to be ashamed)。【現harāyanto, & harāyamāna(often combd with aṭṭiyati)2.感到沮喪,感到焦急,煩惱(=Vedic h to be angry. pres. hṛṇīte) to be depressed or vexed, to be cross, to worry (cp. hiriyati)。【現hariyyamāna(mā hari “don’t worry”)。【過】harāyi。【獨】harāyitvā

Harāpeti(harati 的【使】), 使攜帶,使取走。【過】harāpesi。【過harāpita。【獨】harāpetvā

Hari1(Sk. harita, haria pale (yellow or green), hiri (yellow)) ,【形】綠色的,黃褐色的(green, tawny)harissavaṇṇa, 金色的(gold-coloured)haricandana, 黃褐色的(yellow sandal)haritāla,雌黃(yellow orpiment)harittaca, 金色的(gold-coloured)haripada, 金色的腳(gold foot, yellow leg, a deer.)

Hari2,【陽】毘瑟挐(印度教主神之一,守護之神)

Haria,【陽】鹿。

Harita,【形】1.綠色的,黃褐色的。2.新鮮的。【中】蔬菜,青菜,草。haritamaṇḍūka,【陽】青蛙。

Haritta,【中】綠色,清新。haritapaṇṇa, 蔬菜

Haritā,【陰】黃金(gold Th 1, 164=J II.334. haritamaya made of gold)haritāmātar,青蛙之子(son of a green frog, J II.238)haritupattā, 覆蓋綠色(covered with green)

Haritabba, (harati 的【義】) 應該攜帶,應該遷移。

Haritāla,【中】雌黃。

Haritu,【陽】拿走的人。

Harittaca,【形】黃金色的。

Harissavaṇṇa,【形】有金色的。

Harītaka,【中】harītakī,【陰】訶子、阿黎勒果、訶黎勒果( Abhayā)

Hare, 用來稱呼小輩的虛詞。

Hala,【中】犁。

Hala,【無】夠了!〔表示異議的感歎詞〕爲什麽?

Halāhala(halāhala),【中】訶羅訶羅(the most vicious and venomous poison(神話中)致命的毒藥)。《大寶積經》卷一百十三:「如有一毒,名婆蹉那婆(vatsanābha隋言牛犢子齋),復有毒藥名訶羅訶羅(halahala隋言速殺),將如芥子食,即速疾命終。」。halāhalavisa﹐毒藥。

Haliddā & Haliddī (cp. Sk. haridrā)【陰】薑黃(turmeric﹐別名︰姜黃、黃薑、毛薑黃、寶鼎香、黃絲郁金,一種産於印度的被廣泛種植的熱帶植物 (Curcuma domestica),花黃色,有一個芳香多肉的根莖。Vin I.201; J .V.89)haliddārāga像薑黃的顏色(like the colour of turmeric, i.e. not fast, quickly changing & fading)

Haliddī(cp. Sk. haridrā),【陰】薑黃(turmeric)( Haliddā)

Have(cp. Vedc hava; or hvā to call),【無】叫做,挑戰(calling, challenge)

Havya(Vedic havya; fr. to sacrifice),【中】供奉(an oblation, offering)

has(has)﹐【字根I.】笑(to laugh)

Hasati & Hassati (has+a)(owing to similarity of meaning the two roots has to laugh (Sk. hasati, pp. hasita) & hṛṣ to be excited (Sk. hṛṣyati, pp. hṛṣita & hṛṣṭa) have become mixed in Pāli (see also hāsa)), 微笑,笑,莞爾。【過】hasi。【過hasita。【現hasanta, hasamāna。【義】hasitabba。【獨】hasitvāhasāpekkha, 開玩笑。

Hasana, hasita,【中】笑,莞爾。

Hasituppāda,【陽】發微笑,生笑。hasituppāda-citta生笑心(阿毘達摩用語,欲地(kāmāvacara)阿羅漢微笑時生起的心之一)

Hassa,【中】笑,笑話,笑柄,嘲笑

Hasa,【陽】天鵝。hasapotaka,【陽】小天鵝。

Hasati (has高興+a), 1.(毛髮等)豎起。2.高興。hasi,【過】。

Hasana,【中】(毛髮等)豎立的。

Hasī, (hasa 的【陰】)

Haseti, [hasati高興] 的【使】。

hā﹐【字根I.】放棄(to give up)cp.(hā) 1.離開(leave)2.向前(go forth)

hā﹐【字根III.】減少(to decrease)

Hā,【無】唉!

Hāṭaka,【中】黃金。

Hātabba (hāyati 的【義】), 可以避免,可以放棄。

Hātave hātu[攜帶harati] 的【不】。

Hātu (hāyati 的【不】), 要除去,要放棄。

Hānabhāgiya,【形】有益於作罷的。

Hāni,【陰】減少,損失,下降。

Hāpaka,【形】使減少的,使損失的,減少。

Hāpana,【中】減少,縮小。

Hāpeti (hā+āpe), 省略,疏忽,減少,延遲。【過】hāpesi。【過hāpita。【現hāpenta。【獨】hāpetvā

Hāyati (hā+ya), 減少,縮小,變瘦,變得衰弱。【過】hāyi。【過hīna。【現hāyanta, hāyamāna。【獨】hāyitvā

Hāyana,【中】減少,衰退,變少,年。

Hāyī,【形】放棄的人,遺留的人。

Hāra,【陽】()(珍珠等),項鏈。hāraka,【形】運送的,遷移的。hārikā,【陰】。satthahāraka(sattha n.+hāraka m.),攜帶武器。

Hārin (fr. hāra,【形】1.拿走(taking, carrying (f. hārinī) J.I,133; Pv.II,310 (Nom. pl. f. hārī); PvA.113.)2.偷竊(robbing J.I,204.)cp. hāra-

Hāriya(fr. hāra),【形】輕便的,便於攜帶的(carrying)

Hāsa,【陽】笑,歡笑。hāsakara,【形】令人快樂的。

Hāseti (has+e), 搞笑,使發笑。【過】hāsesi。【過hāsita。【現hāsenta, hāsayamāna。【獨】hāsetvā

hi﹐【字根IV.】發送(to send)cp.(hi)催促(impel)

Hi,【無】因爲,的確。

his(his),【字根I.傷害(injure)→Hisati

Hisati (his(his)傷害+a), 傷害,欺負。【過】hisi。【過hisita。【現hisanta, hisamāna。【獨】hisitvā

Hisana,【中】hisanā, hisā,【陰】欺負,傷害。

Hisāpeti (hisati傷害的【使】), 使傷害。【過】hisāpesi。【過hisāpita。【獨】hisāpetvā

Hikkā,【陰】打嗝。

Higu(梵語),【中】阿魏興渠(asafoetida多種波斯和印度阿魏屬 (Ferula) 植物〔尤指Ferula assafoetida, Ferula foetida Ferula narthex〕的惡臭的膠脂,呈珠狀或黑色塊狀,有強烈的臭味,作爲解痙藥)為五辛之一。又作興瞿、興舊、興宜、形虞、形具。產於新疆和闐、西藏、印度、伊朗、阿富汗等地,為高達二公尺之草本植物。根粗如細蔓菁之根,色白,其臭如蒜,可供食用。若切斷莖枝,在斷口處會滲出液體,凝固後供作藥用,稱為阿魏藥,可驅除小蟲或除臭。

Higulaka,【中】higuli,【陰】朱砂,朱紅色。

Hita,【中】利益,祝福,好處,福利。【形】有用的,有益的。【陽】朋 友。hitakara,【形】做有益的()hitāvaha,【形】有益的。

Hitesī,【陽】恩人,尋求他人的福利(Hitassa esanavasena hitesitā.DhsA.CS:p.395)

Hitvā, 捨棄了。

Hida(hi + idaṁ) ind.因為。

Hindi, 辛地(),當今印度官方語言之一。

Hintāla,【陽】海棗,棗椰子(marshy date plam一種棕櫚 (Phoenix dactylifera) 的長圓形果實,是北非和西亞人的主要食品)

Hind﹐【字根I.】到處走路(to walk about)

Hima(Vedic hima),【中】雪,冰(ice, snow)himavantu,【形】有雪的,有冰的,喜馬拉雅山。himapāta-samaya the season of snow-fall. himavāta a snow or ice wind.

Himavant (hima+vant),有雪的(snowy (=himayutta C.))Himavā,陽】喜瑪拉雅山(the Himālaya)Himavantapassato, 喜瑪拉雅山麓。

Hiyyo,【副】昨天。

Hirañña,【中】未加工的黃金。

hiri﹐【字根III.】慚(to be ashamed of)

Hiri, Hirī,【陰】羞怯,hirikopīna,【中】喚醒羞怯(即:性器官)hirimantu,【形】謙遜的,害羞的。《阿毘達摩義廣釋》(Vibhv.p.84.):「即厭惡於身惡行等。」(Hirīyati kāya-duccaritādīhi jigucchatīti hirī)A.2.1-9./I,51.Hirī ca ottappañca. Ime kho, bhikkhave, dve sukkā dhammā loka na pāleyyu, nayidha paññāyetha mātāti vā mātucchāti vā mātulānīti vā ācariyabhariyāti vā garūna dārāti vā. Sambheda loko agamissa, yathā ajeakā kukkuasūkarā soasigālā.(諸比丘!若這兩種白法(慚愧)不護世,則世上所謂母、或所謂母、或所謂舅母、或所謂師母、或所謂導師之妻,將不揀別,世將混亂。譬如羊、山羊、雞、豬、狗、野狼等。)

Hirimant (& hirīmant)(<hiri),【形】羞怯,(bashful, modest, shy)

Hirīyati (hiri的【派】), 臉紅,害羞,慚愧。

Hirīyanā,【陰】羞怯,慚。參考 hiri

Hirottappa,【中】對違犯教規的羞愧和害怕。

his﹐【字根II.】襲擊(to assault)

Hīna,【形】1.低的,劣等的,低級的,可鄙的。2.jahati捨斷的【過】。hīnajacca,【形】出生低賤的。hīnaviriya,【形】缺乏活力的。hīnadhimuttika,【形】愛好劣等的。Vbh.2.6.Tattha katama rūpa hīna?  Ya rūpa tesa tesa sattāna 1uññāta 2avaññāta 3hīḷita 4paribhūta 5acittīkata 6hīna 7hīnamata 8hīnasammata 9aniṭṭha 10akanta 11amanāpa, rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā--ida vuccati rūpa hīna.(在此,什麼是劣色?凡是色法,那個這個其他諸有情1鄙視(uññātacontemptible)2輕視(avaññātadespised)3無價值(hīḷitaworthless)4可笑的(paribhūtaderisible)5不敬重的(acitīkatadisrespected)6(hīnainferior)7認為劣(hīnamatāṁthought to be inferior)8思為劣(hīnasammataconsidered to be inferior)9不可愛(aniṭṭha; undesirable)10不可樂(akantaunattractive)11不可意色(amanāpa;unpleasant)的色、聲、香、味、觸,這稱為劣色。) Tattha katama rūpa paṇīta?  Ya rūpa tesa tesa sattāna 1anuññāta 2anavaññāta 3ahīḷita 4aparibhūta 5cittīkata 6paṇīta 7paṇītamata 8paṇītasammata 9iṭṭha 10kanta 11manāpa, rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā--ida vuccati rūpa paṇīta.  Ta ta vā pana rūpa upādāyupādāya rūpa hīna paṇīta daṭṭhabba.(在此,什麼是勝色?凡是色法,那個這個其他諸有情1不鄙視(auññātaauññātanot contemptible)2不輕視(anavaññātanot despised)3非無價值(ahīḷitanot worthless)4不可笑的(aparibhūtanot derisible)5敬重(citīkatarespected)6(paṇīna; superior)7認為勝(paṇītamatathought to be superior)8思為勝(paṇītasammataconsidered to be superior)9可愛(iṭṭha; desirable)10可樂(kantaattractive)11可意的(manāpapleasant)、聲、香、味、觸,這稱為勝色。取這個色、取那個色,當見到劣色勝色。)

Hīnayāna,【中】小乘(帶有偏見的稱呼上座部佛教的用詞)

Hīnavīriya,【形】勇悍(精進)已被捨斷。

Hīyati (hāyati 的【被】), 被減少,被縮小,衰退,被留下,被放棄。【過】hīyi。【現hīyamāna

Hīnāyāvattati轉為卑劣(還俗)S.20.10./II,271.ariyassa vinaye yo sikkha paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati.(於聖律,前之學因而還俗(轉為卑劣))AA.3.39./II,242.Hīnāyāvattatīti hīnāya lāmakāya gihibhāvāya āvattati.(還俗︰成為卑下的、低劣的、俗人的。)

Hīyo,副】昨天。參考 hiyyo

Hīra, hīraka,【中】碎片,斑紋。

hilād﹐【字根I.】高興(to be glad)

hilāda﹐【字根VII.】使喜悅(to gladden)

hīḷ﹐【字根VII.】輕視(to disparage)

Hīlana,【中】hīlanā,【陰】輕蔑,輕視。

Hīḷeti (hīḷ輕視+e), 輕蔑,蔑視,輕視。【過】hīḷesi。【過hīḷita。【獨】hīḷetvā。【現hīḷayamāna

Hīḷetabba,【義】應輕視。hīḷetabbata, 應輕視性。

hu(hu)﹐犧牲(to be to sacrifice)

Huhu, 哼哼Huhukajātiko, 哼哼作聲者(哼哼表示傲慢)

Huta,【中】祭品,供奉。

Hutāsna,【中】火。

Hutta,【中】贈禮。DhA(v.108CS:p.1.422)Hutanti abhisakharitvā kata pāhunadānañceva, kammañca phalañca saddahitvā katadānañca.(已周全安排好贈與款待賓客的食物後,並且相信業及果,作布施。)

Hutvā, (hoti 的【獨】), 有了,是了。

Hura,【形】在另一個世界中,在另外的生存。

Hukāra,【陽】的聲音。

He,(呼格的虛詞)嗨!啊!喂!親愛的。

Heṭṭhato,【副】從下面。

Heṭṭhā,【副】在下面。heṭṭhābhāga,【陽】較低的部分。heṭṭhāmañce,【副】在床下。

Heṭṭhima,【形】降低的。

heh﹐【字根VII.】使痛苦(to afflict),使苦惱(to torment)

Hehaka,【形】騷擾的人,困擾的人。

Hehanā,【陰】騷擾。

Heheti (heh+e), 騷擾,煩惱,傷害。【過】hehesi。【過hehita。【現hehenta, hehayamāna。【獨】hehetvā

Heta =hi eta(確實,這)

Hetu,【陽】因素,理由,情況。hetuka,【形】聯繫因素的。hetuppabhava,【形】由因素而出現的。hetuvāda,【陽】因素的理論。pubbe katahetu由於前世所作業(宿命造)issara-nimmāna hetu﹐由於自在天創造(尊祐造)ahetu-appaccaya由於無因、無緣。“Ye dhammā hetuppabhavā, tesa hetu Tathāgato āha; Tesañca yo nirodho, evavādī mahāsamao”ti.(梵文Ye dharmā hetu-prabhavā hetu tea Tathāgato avadat; teṣṃ ca yo nirodho eva vādī mahā-śramaa.)「凡是諸法因緣生,如來說諸因。諸法因緣滅,大沙門如是說。」《普端嚴》Sp.Mv.V,975.CS:Mv.pg.256Ye dhammā hetuppabhavāti hetuppabhavā nāma pañcakkhandhā; tenassa dukkhasacca dasseti.  Tesa hetu Tathāgato āhāti tesa hetu nāma samudayasacca; tañca Tathāgato āhāti dasseti.  Tesañca yo nirodhoti tesa ubhinnampi saccāna yo appavattinirodho; tañca Tathāgato āhāti attho.  Tenassa nirodhasacca dasseti.  Maggasacca panettha sarūpato adassitampi nayato dassita hoti, nirodhe hi vutte tassa sampāpako maggo vuttova hoti.  Atha vā tesañca yo nirodhoti ettha tesa yo nirodho ca nirodhupāyo cāti eva dvepi saccāni dassitāni hontīti.  Idāni tamevattha paipādento āha--“evavādī mahāsamao”ti.(凡是諸法因緣生因緣生是指五蘊;以此令見到苦諦。如來說諸因諸因是集諦,如來令見它。諸法因緣滅:這二諦皆是非存在的滅諦;這是如來說的意思。如來令見滅諦。然而,道諦好像未出示的道理令出現,已說而導致之說諸法因緣滅,此處諸法因緣接近滅,如是令見到二諦大沙門如是說:今令正向之說。)

ahetuka﹐無因人(結生時不具有無貪、無瞋、無癡之因的人)dvihetuka二因人(結生時具有無貪、無瞋之因的人)tihetuka三因人(結生時具有無貪、無瞋、無癡之因的人,只有這類人才能證得禪那或道果。)

Hema,【中】黃金。hemajāla,【中】金網。

Hemanta,【陽】冬天(寒季,九月十六至正月十五)hemantika,【形】冬天的,冰冷的。

Hemavaṇṇa,【形】金色的。

Hemavataka,【形】住在喜馬拉雅山的。

Heraññika,【陽】金匠,兌換業者。

Hesa(=hi確實+esa那個人)﹐確實,那個人。vihesā hesā,實在煩擾!

Hesati(both heṣ (Vedic) & hreṣ (Epic Sk.)), 馬嘶聲( to neigh)pp. hesita.

Hesā(< hesati),【陰】hesārava,【陽】馬嘶聲(neighing, neigh)

Hesita(pp. of hesati,【中】馬嘶聲(neighing)

Hessati, 1. Fut. of bhavati(它將存在)2. Fut. of jahati

Hehiti, is Fut. 3rd sg. of bhavati(他將存在)

Hoti(hū+a), 存在。【過】ahosi。【現honta。【義】hotabba。【不】hotu。【句型】「Gen.(A) + Nom.(B) + hoti(動詞)」,表達「擁有」的句型(表『A B(AB存在),「命令式」表達「意志、強烈的願望」。ahosi,他那時是。ahosi,你那時是。ahosim,我那時是。ahesum,他們那時是。ahuvatha,你們那時是。ahumha,我們那時是。

Hotta (Vedic hotra),【中】供奉((function of) offering)aggihotta, 火供() (the sacrificial fire SnA 436 (v. l. BB aggihutta))

Homa(< hu, juhati),【中】【陽】祭品(oblation; DA I.93 (lohitahoma))

Horā(原本是希臘語;Sk. horā “hour”),【陰】小時,鐘頭,音譯:火羅。horāpāṭhaka(horā +pāṭhaka, i. e. expert),【陽】占星家(astrologer)horāyanta,【中】顯示時間的儀器,時鐘。

Horālocana,【中】手錶,時鐘。

hve(hū / hvā)﹐【字根I.】呼叫(to call upon),喚起(to evoke)

 

L

 

, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第三十二個輔音字 母,這個輔音字母,在巴利文裡,它未曾出現在詞頭,只出現在詞尾而已。發音好像漢語中的 r

 

h

 

h, 巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第三十三個輔音字母,這個輔音字母,在巴利文裡,它未曾出現在詞頭,只出現在詞尾而已。發音是卷舌送氣的 r,漢語沒有這個輔音,試試卷起舌來送氣發漢語的 r

 

 

, , (anusvāraniggahītapure nasal)巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第三十四個輔音字母,雖然這個字母被稱爲輔音,在巴利文裡,它卻只被當作韻尾來使用而已。它也被寫成 η。發音好像漢語中韻尾的 ng

-,【結尾】。

-  1.m.n.f.sg.Acc. buddha佛﹑2.n.sg.Nom.kamma業﹑

3.aor.1sg. ajjhaga我已到達﹑avoca我已說

-ara, -āra, -arāna ra,na

-āna (-īna, -ūna)m.n.f.pl.Dat.Gen.buddhāna對諸佛、諸佛的、gāthāna對諸偈、諸偈的

-era   opt.3pl.med.kubbera他們應該做

-esa(sa f.) pron.m.n.pl.Dat.Gen.tesa對他們、他們的

-esāna (sāna f.) pron.m.n.pl.Dat.Gen.tesāna

-eyya  opt.1sg.kareyya我應做, dadeyya我應給

-isa  aor.1sg.dakkhisa 我曾見 icchisa我曾欲

-isu aor.3pl.abhuñjisu他們曾吃﹑pucchisu他們曾問

-nta imp.3pl.med.kubbanta請他們做

-ra  –ar語基的m.f.sg.Acc.satthara= satthāra

-ru aor.3pl.med.amaññaru他們曾想

-si aor.1sg.akāsi 我曾做  cintesi 我曾想

-su  aor.3pl.akāsu 他們曾做

-sāna pron.pl.Dat.Gen.tesāna他們 tāsāna她們

-smi (-asmi)  m.n.sg.Loc.tasmi 於他們

-ssa 1.pron.f.sg.Loc.tassa=tissa 於彼女(在那個女人)

       2.fut.1sg.karissa=kassa 我將做bhavissa=hessa我將有

      3.cond.3pl.abhavissa如果他們有

-ta1.m.n.pl.Dat.Gen.gacchata對走路、走路的

     2.imp.3sg.med.kuruta請他做labhata請他得

-ttha aor.1sg.alabhittha我曾得 asayittha我曾臥

-tu  inf. bhavitu存在﹑hotu

-ya f.sg.Loc.jatiya ()

二十七星宿 Nakkhatta

(緬甸的星宿圖)

 

 

 

婁宿 Assayuja

鬼宿 Phussa

亢宿 Sāti

牛宿 Abhijita

 

 

 

 

胃宿 Bharaṇī

柳宿 Asilesā

氐宿 Visākhā

女宿Savaa

昂宿 Kattikā

星宿 Maghā

房宿 Anurādhā

危宿 Dhaniṭṭhā

畢宿 Rohiṇī

張宿pubbaphagguṇī

心宿 Jeṭṭhā

虛宿 Satabhisajo

觜宿 Magasira

翼宿uttaraphagguṇī

尾宿 Mūla

室宿Pubbabhaddapadā

參宿 Addā

軫宿 Hattha

箕宿 Pubbāsāḷha

壁宿Uttarabhaddapadā

 

 

井宿 Punabbasu

角宿 Cittā

鬥宿 Uttarāsāḷha

奎宿 Revatī

 

(編按:中國有二十星宿」之記載:「東方蒼龍:角宿,亢宿,氐宿,房宿,心宿,尾宿,箕

宿。北方玄武:鬥宿,牛宿,女宿,虛宿,危宿,室宿,壁宿。西方白虎:奎宿,婁宿,胃宿,昴宿,畢宿,觜宿,參宿。南方朱雀:井宿,鬼宿,柳宿,星宿,張宿,翼宿,軫宿。」中國古代天文學家為了比較日、月、五星的運動而選擇鄰近天赤道附近的星象,劃分成28個不同大小的部分,每一部分就叫作一「宿」,作為觀測時的標誌。中國古代就是依據每宿星象的出沒和中天(位於頭頂時)的時刻來判斷季節,劃分二十四節氣,和推算日、月、五星位置的標準。依據《呂氏春秋》所記載28宿建構形成的初期目的,是為了觀測月亮的周期運動。由於古代僅憑肉眼直接觀測選取28宿,為了測定天體的明確位置,所以都必需在各宿中選取一顆較明亮的星作為測量的標準,這顆被選定的星稱之為「距星」 。由西向東相鄰兩宿的距星「赤經差」,稱為此宿(位處西側者)的「赤道距度」(簡稱為距度)。在赤道座標繫中,天體的位置是用「去極度」和「入宿度」來表示。天體和赤道的角距離叫做「赤緯」,所謂的去極度是指天體與北極的角度,相當於現代的「90度減去緯度」。而入宿度是指該天體與它西側相鄰的距星的赤經差,所以中國古代的赤道座標繫統的赤經起算點不是一個而是28個。28宿的距星雖然選定了,但由於「歲差」的原因,各宿的距度會緩慢地變化,古人不明白此道理,只好被動地改變新的距度標準值。關於28宿的起源時代,而據考證,1978年湖北省隨縣擂鼓墩發掘的戰國早期(約西元前433)曾侯乙墓中,有一個將28宿和4象繪在一畫面上,中央並寫了一個篆文粗體「鬥」字的漆蓋圖。節錄自:

 

http://www.nmns.edu.tw/New/PubLib/NewsLetter/89/149/09.htm)


古印度月份巴利文名稱

月份(māsa)

 

 

Citta質多

21630

3

 

 

 

第一

15

3115

3-4

第二

15

Vesākha

31629

4

第三

14

4115

4-5

第四

15

Jeṭṭha

41630

5

第五

15

5115

5-6

第六

15

Asalha

51629

6

第七

14

6115

6-7

第八

15

Sāvaa

61630

7

 

 

 

第一

15

7115

7-8

第二

15

Poṭṭhapāda

71629

8

第三

14

8115

8-9

第四

15

Assayuja

81630

9

第五

15

9115

9-10

第六

15

Kattika

91629

10

第七

14

10115

10-11

第八

15

Māgasira

101630

11

 

 

第一

15

11115

11-12

第二

15

Phussa

111629

12

第三

14

12115

12-1

第四

15

Māgha

121630

1

第五

15

1115

1-2

第六

15

Phagguna

11629

2

第七

14

2115

2-3

第八

15

 

 

 

 

在巴利佛教中的傳說是這樣:

(一) Sammohavinodani 343 頁中說:

 

36

極微

paramāṇu

=

1

anu

36

anu

=

1

 

tajjāri

36

 

tajjāri

=

1

 

rathareu

36

 

rathareu

=

1

likkhā

7

likkhā

=

1

uka

7

uka

=

1

 

dhaññamāsa

7

 

dhaññamāsa

=

1

指節

agula

12

指節

agula

=

1

(張手)

vidatthe

2

(張手)

vidatthe

=

1

ratana(= hattha)

7

ratana(=hattha)

=

1

yatthi(= daṇḍa)

20

()

yatthi(= daṇḍa)

=

1

優薩婆

usabha

80

優薩婆

usabha

=

1

 

gāvuta

1

 

gāvuta

=

2

俱盧舍

krośa

4

俱盧舍

krośa

=

1

由旬

yojana

 

* 8優薩婆(usabha)=640見葉均譯:《清淨道論》漢譯註:Vism.675)

西域記云:踰繕那者,自古聖王軍行程也,舊傳一踰繕那四十里。

 

 

 

() 根據 Paramatthamañjūsā II, 226 頁,則有不同的說法:

 

8

極微

 

1

 

 

8

 

1

 

tajjāri

 

8

 

tajjāri

1

 

rathareu

 

8

 

rathareu

1

 

 

8

 

1

 

 

8

 

1

稻麥

yava

 

8

稻麥

 

1

指節

 

 

 

 

() 據大毘婆沙論卷一三六所說:

 

7

極微

 

=

1

微塵

 

 

7

微塵

 

=

1

銅塵

 

 

7

銅塵

 

=

1

水塵

 

 

7

水塵

 

=

1

兔毫塵

 

 

7

兔毫塵

 

=

1

羊毛塵

 

 

7

羊毛塵

 

=

1

牛毛塵

 

 

7

牛毛塵

 

=

1

向遊塵

trasareu =

rathareu

7

向遊塵

 

=

1

 

 

7

 

=

1

 

 

7

 

=

1

稻麥

 

 

7

稻麥

 

=

1

指節

 

 

24

指節

 

=

1

aratni =

ratana

4

 

=

1

dhanu

 

500

 

=

1

摩揭陀

=

俱盧舍

8

俱戶舍

 

=

1

逾繕那

yojana

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

容量

1

doa

16

nāḷi

1

nāḷi / pattha

4

kuuva

1

kuuva

4

muṭṭhi

 

 

 

 

巴漢辭典巴利語的網站
http//nt.med.ncku.edu.tw/biochem/lsn/Pali/Pali-Han-Eng-glossary.htm
http//nt.med.ncku.edu.tw/biochem/lsn/Pali/paali.htm
http//sparc1.cc.ncku.edu.tw/~lausinan/Pali/Pali-Han-Eng-glossary.htm#u
http//dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/

 


巴利動詞字根

 

I.第一類動詞   II.第二類動詞  III.第三類動詞  IV.第四類動詞

V.第五類動詞    VI.第六類動詞  VII.第七類動詞

 

七類動詞

  

第一類動詞

母音重音化 / 複重音化+a

第二類動詞

-a

第三類動詞

ya

第四類動詞

o, u, uṇā

第五類動詞

長母音>短母音+ṇā

第六類動詞

o, yira

第七類動詞

√uo e, aya

 

a

aggh﹐【字根I.】有價值( to be worthy),該得到(to deserve)

ak﹐【字根I.】制定(to mark out)

ak﹐【字根VII.】做記號(to mark),計算(to count)

ace﹐【字根I.】禮拜(to worship),給予榮譽(honour),尊敬,慶祝(celebrate),祝賀。

acc﹐【字根VII.】給予,尊敬(to honour)

ajj﹐【字根I.】賺得(to earn),獲得(obtain)

ajj﹐【字根VII.】賺得(to earn)

añc﹐【字根I.】禮拜(to worship)

añch﹐【字根I.】拉出(to draw),伸展(to stretch)

a(a, at)﹐【字根I.】漫遊(to roam)

at﹐【字根I.】不變地去(to go constantly)

ad(ad)﹐【字根I.】吃(to eat)

add﹐【字根I.】請求(to beg)

adhi+i﹐【字根I.】學習(to study)

atth﹐【字根I.】祈禱(to pray)

an(an)﹐【字根I.】呼吸(to breathe)

ap﹐【字根IV.】接近(to approach)

ay﹐【字根I.】去(to go)

arah﹐【字根I.】有價值(to be worthy)

av﹐【字根I.】保護(to protect)

as﹐【字根I.】吃(to eat)

as﹐【字根III.】丟(to throw)

as﹐【字根V.】吃(to eat)

 

ā

ās(ās)﹐【字根I.】坐著(to sit)

 

i

i(i 1./ ī / ay)﹐【字根I.】去(to go)

ikkh(īk)﹐【字根I.】見(to see)

idh﹐【字根III.】興隆(to prosper)

inj﹐【字根I.】移動(to move),搖動(to shake)

indh﹐【字根I.】帶火(to take fire)

is (icch) (i 1./ ich)﹐【字根I.】想要(to wish)

 

ī

īr(īr)﹐【字根VII.】移動(to move)

 

u

uñch(uñch)﹐【字根I.】拾落穗(to glean),蒐集。

usūy﹐【字根I.】羨慕(admire),嫉妒(to envy)

 

ū

ūn﹐【字根VII.】減少(to lessen)

ūh(ūh)﹐【字根I.】沉思(to ponder)

 

e

ej(ej / īj)﹐【字根I.】移動( to move)

edh(edh)﹐【字根I.】生長(to grow)

 

k

kac﹐【字根III.】發光(to shine)

kakh(kāṅk), 【字根I.】欲(desire)ākakhati, 希望,需要。

kakh﹐【字根I.】懷疑(to doubt)

kaḍḍh﹐【字根I.】拖拉(to drag)

kat﹐【字根II.】切,割剪(to cut)

katth﹐【字根I.】稱讚(to praise)

kath﹐【字根VII.】說(to say)

kand﹐【字根I.】哭泣(to weep)

kam(kram), 【字根I.超越(to stride)

kamp﹐【字根I.】搖動(to shake)

kar(k, sk)﹐【字根VI.】做或製造(to do or make)

kapp﹐【字根VII.1.能幹(to be able)2.(=kp)使適合(to be fit for)→Kappeti

kal﹐【字根VII.】發音(to sound),響起(to count),計算(to calculate)

kas(kṛṣ)﹐【字根I.】耕種(to plough)

kā﹐【字根III.】發音(to sound)cp.(kva),聲音(sound)

kām(kam)﹐【字根VII.】渴望(to desire)

kās﹐【字根I.1.發光(to shine)2.(=kās)咳嗽(to cough)

ki(krī)﹐【字根V.】買(to buy)

kiñc﹐【字根I.】阻礙(to hinder)

kitt﹐【字根VII.】詳細說明(to expound)

kir, 【字根I.】撒(在上散下)ajjhokirati散佈

kilam﹐【字根I.】使得疲倦(to be fatigued)

kilis(kliś)﹐【字根III.】被使痛苦(to be afflicted),被弄髒(to be soiled)

kuc (kuc / kuñc), 縮,畏怯(shrink);捲曲(curl)

kudh﹐【字根III.】生氣(to get angry)

kup(kup)﹐【字根III.】使激動(to be agitated),變凶猛的(to turn fierce)

kuh﹐【字根VII.】使吃驚,使驚訝(to astonish)

kott﹐【字根VII.】減少(cut)

kūj﹐【字根I.】鴣鴣的叫(to coo)

khan﹐【字根I.】挖(to dig)

khand(skand)﹐【字根I.】徹底潰敗(to rout),跳躍(to jump)

kham(kam)﹐【字根I.】遭受或忍受(to suffer or bear)khanti(kṣānti),【陰】忍耐。

khambh(skambh)﹐【字根VII.支持(prop)Khambheti

khā﹐【字根I.】說(to speak)

khā﹐【字根III.】了解(to comprehend)

khād(khād)﹐【字根I.】吃(to eat)→Khādati

khāḷ﹐【字根VII.】洗(to wash)

khi﹐【字根I.】衰退(to decay)

khid﹐【字根III.】被壓下,降低,沮喪(to be depressed)cp. (khid)撕開(tear),拉,拔。cf.(ājch,撕破;pa, 撕開;riś, 撕開;liś, 撕開;vh, / bh, 撕開)

khip (kip), 投,拋(throw)

khī﹐【字根IV.】衰退(to decay)

khub﹐【字根III.】使激動(to be agitated)

khubh﹐【字根I.】騷動(to be agitated),搖動(to shake)

khums﹐【字根VII.】責備、譴責(to censure)

 

g

gajj(garj)﹐【字根I.】打雷、吼(to roar)

gad(gad)﹐【字根I.】說(to say)

gan﹐【字根VII.】計算(to count)

ganth(grath/ granth)﹐【字根VII.】串一起(to string together)(tie)

gam (gacch) (gach, gam)﹐【字根I.】去、走(to go)

gar(gr), (to awake)

garah﹐【字根I.】恥辱(to disgrace)

gaves﹐【字根I.】搜尋(to search)

gah﹐【字根V.】拿(to take)→gahāti

gā(g)﹐【字根III.】唱(to sing)

gādh﹐【字根I.】站著(to stand)

gāh﹐【字根I.】衝進、探究、埋首(to dive into)

gi﹐【字根IV.】大叫(to call out)

gidh﹐【字根III.】貪婪(to be greedy)

gil﹐【字根I.】忍受(to swallow)

gilā﹐【字根III.】不舒服(to be sick)

guṇṭh(guṇṭh)﹐【字根VII.】遮蓋、覆蓋(to cover)

guṇḍ﹐【字根VII.】給提供動力(to powder)

gup(gup)﹐【字根I.】保護(to protect),隱藏(to conceal)

 

gh

gha(gha)﹐【字根I.】盡力(to make an effort),收集(to collect),使聚集(to gather),使忙碌於(to be busy with)

gha﹐【字根VII.】嘗試(to attempt)

ghaṭṭ﹐【字根VII.】接觸(to touch)

ghar(=gh/ ghar=drip=滴下), 溫暖(to be warm,赤熱to glow)

ghus(ghu)﹐【字根VII.】呼喊(to shout)

ghā﹐【字根III.】聞,嗅(to smell)

 

c

cal(cal )【字根V.】移動。→Calati (移動、顫動)

ci(ci )【字根V.】收集(to collect)Cināti

cit(cit)﹐【字根VII.】想(to think)

cint(cint)﹐【字根VII.】想(to think)

cumb(cumb)﹐【字根I.】吻(to kiss)cp.(nis), (kiss)

cur(cur)﹐【字根VII.】偷(to steal)→coreti

chaḍḍ﹐【字根VII.】丟棄(to throw away)

chād(chad)﹐【字根VII.】遮蓋(to cover)

chid(chid)﹐【字根II.】切、割剪(to cut)

chid(chid)﹐【字根III.】被切斷(to be cut off)

 

j

jaggh(jak )﹐【字根I.】嘲笑(to laugh)

jan(jā) (jan / jā)﹐【字根III.】生( to be born)

jap(jap)﹐【字根I.】喃喃自語(to mutter)

japp﹐【字根I.】發出清柔持續的聲音(to murmur),小孩般說話(to prattle)

jambh(jambh/ jabh)﹐【字根I.】打哈欠(to yawn)

jal(jval),【字根I.】發光(to shine)

jāgar(jāg)(<gar (梵語g, to awake))﹐【字根I.】保持清醒(to keep awake)Jāgarati (jāgar清醒+a), 清醒。

ji(ji)﹐【字根I.】征服、贏得(to win)Jeti, Jayati

jīv(jīv)﹐【字根I.】生活、居住(to live)

ju﹐【字根I.】去、走(to go)

jut﹐【字根I.】使發光(to shine)

 

jh

jhā(dhyā)﹐【字根III.1.沉思(to muse)、禪修(to meditate)2.燃燒(to burn)

jhāp﹐【字根VII.】發熱、發光、燃燒(to burn)

jhe﹐【字根I.】靜靜思考(to muse)

 

ñ

ñar(jīr)﹐【字根I.】變老了(to get old)

ñi﹐【字根V.】征服(to conquer)

ñā(jā)(jñā)﹐【字根V.】知(to know)→Jānāti

ñāp﹐【字根VII.】使知道(to cause to know),使高興(to please)

 

har﹐【字根I.】傳佈(to spread)

hā(sthā)﹐【字根I.】停留(to stay),站著(to stand)

 

i(ḍī)﹐【字根I.】飛(to fly)

as(daṅś / daś)﹐【字根I.】咬(to bite)asati & asati.

 

t

takk(tark)﹐【字根VII.】尋、沉思(to ponder)

tacch﹐【字根I.】削(to chip)

tacch﹐【字根I.】剝(to pare),削減、切割(to cut)

tajj(tarj)﹐【字根VII.】威脅(to threaten)

tan(tan, tā)﹐【字根VI.】使伸展、使延伸(to spread)

tap(tap)﹐【字根I.】使發光(to shine),加熱(to heat)

tap(tap)﹐【字根III.】變成熱的(to be heated),後悔(to repent)

tapp﹐【字根I.】使滿意(to be satisfied)

tar﹐【字根I.】越過(to cross)

tar (tvar)﹐【字根I.】匆匆(to be hasty)

tas﹐【字根I.】害怕、擔憂(to fear)

tas﹐【字根III.】害怕(to be afraid)

tā﹐【字根III.】保護(to protect)

tāḷ﹐【字根VII.】打(to beat)

tij(tij)﹐【字根VII.】使銳利/使敏銳(to sharpen)

tīr﹐【字根VII.】決定(to decide)

tus(tu)﹐【字根III.】高興(to be glad)

tud﹐【字根I.】刺穿(to pierce),傷害(to wound)

cp. (tud)推動(push);用力推(thrust)

tul(tul)﹐【字根VII.】稱出的重量(to weigh),熟慮。

thak﹐【字根VII.】關上(to shut)

than﹐【字根VII.】吼(to roar)

then﹐【字根VII.】偷(to steal)

thom﹐【字根VII.】稱讚(to praise)

thu﹐【字根V.】稱讚(to praise)

 

d

daṇḍ﹐【字根VII.】處罰(to punish)

dad(dad, dā),【字根I.】給(to give)

dap﹐【字根III.】驕傲(to be proud)

dam(dam)﹐【字根VII.】馴服(tame)控制(control)Dameti

dams(daṅś / daś)﹐【字根I.】咬(to bite)

dah﹐【字根I.1.建立(to establish)、放置(to place)→saddhā<(sa+dah建立、放置)sraddhāfaith )2.流浪生活、乞討(to bum)cp. (dah), (burn)

dā(dad, dā)﹐【字根I.】給(to give)

dis(diś)﹐【字根VII.】詳細說明(to expound)

diss(dis) (dṛś)﹐【字根III.(to be seen, to appear)pres. pass. Dissati

duh(duh)﹐【字根I.】擠乳(to milk)

 

dh

dhas (dhar),【字根I.】落下、跌倒(to fall down),毀滅(to perish)Dhasati

dham(dham/ dhmā)﹐【字根I.】吹(to blow)

dhar﹐【字根I.】是(to be)。存在、有(to exist)

dhar﹐【字根VII.】忍受(to bear),支撐(to hold)

dhā(dhā, dadh)﹐【字根I.】放(to put),忍受(to bear)

dhāv(dhāv)﹐【字根I.】跑(to run)

dhū(dhū / dhu)﹐【字根V.(to shake)

dhov﹐【字根I.】洗(to wash)

 

n

nacc(na)﹐【字根I.】跳舞(to dance)cp.(nt),跳舞(dance)

nad(nad)﹐【字根I.出聲(sound)製造噪音(to make a noise)

nand(nand)﹐【字根I.】高興(to be glad)

nandh﹐【字根I.】綁(to bind)

nam(nam)﹐【字根I.】彎曲(to bend)

nas(naś),【字根III.】消失(to vanish)cp.(nas),使聯合(unite)

nāth(nāth / nādh)﹐【字根I.】問(to ask),精通、擁有(to be master)

nahā﹐【字根III.】沐浴,洗澡。→Nahāyati, 洗澡。

nind(nind / nid)﹐【字根I.】恥辱(to disgrace)

nī(nī)﹐【字根I.】帶領、引導(to lead)→Neti, Nayati

nud﹐【字根I.】除去(to remove)cp.(nud), 推動(push)

 

p

pac(pac)﹐【字根I.】煮沸(to boil),烹調(to cook)

pac﹐【字根VII.】消化(to digest)→Pacati

paj﹐【字根VII.】駕駛(to drive)cp. (paj), 出發,開始(start)

pah(pah)﹐【字根I.】讀(to read)

paṇḍ﹐【字根VII.】破壞(to destroy)

pat(pat)﹐【字根I.】落下(to fall)

pad(pad)﹐【字根III.】去、走(to go),移動(to move)

pā(pā)﹐【字根I.】喝(to drink)Pivati

pār﹐【字根VII.】能幹(to be able)

piṇḍ﹐【字根VII.】滾成一堆、團(to roll into a lump)

pis﹐【字根II.】磨擦(to grind)

pih﹐【字根VII.】渴愛(to desire)

pī﹐【字根V.】樂於、嗜好(to take delight in)

pīḷ﹐【字根VII.】虐待(to maltreat)

pucch﹐【字根I.】詢問(to question)

pupph﹐【字根I.】開花(to blow (as a flower))

pus﹐【字根I.1.珍愛(to cherish)。【字根VII.2.滋養( to nourish)

pū﹐【字根V.】使潔淨(to purify)

pūj(pūj)﹐【字根VII.】禮拜(to worship),提供、供養(to offer)

pūr(p / pṛṇ/ pūr)充滿(full)。【字根I.】全部、充滿(to be full)

pes﹐【字根VII.】發送、寄(to send)

plu(plu)﹐【字根I.】飄浮(to float),跳(to spring)

 

ph

phad(spand)﹐【字根II.顫抖(quiver)

phar﹐【字根I.】瀰漫(to pervade)

phal(phal)﹐【字根I.】展現成果(to bear fruit)。【字根VII.】把劃分(to split up)

phas, phus(spṛś)﹐【字根I.】接觸(to touch)cp. (mṛś)接觸(touch)

 

b

bandh(bandh)﹐【字根I.】綁(to bind)→Bandhati

bādh﹐【字根I.】騷擾(to harass)→Bādhati, 阻礙

budh(budh)﹐【字根I.】了解(to understand)

budh(budh)﹐【字根III.】了解(to understand)→Bujjhati

 

bh

bhas﹐【字根III.】下來(to go down),下沉(to sink)

bha﹐【字根I.】使旋轉(to whirl)

brah(bh)﹐【字根I.】生長(to grow),發展、培育(develop)

bhakkh﹐【字根VII.】狼吞虎嚥地吃(to devour)

bhaj(bhaj)﹐【字根VII.1.分割、分開(to divide)2.訴諸(to resort to)

bhañ﹐【字根I.】聯合(to associate)

bhañj﹐【字根I.】崩潰、故障(to break down)

bha(bha)﹐【字根I.】告訴(to tell)

bhaṇḍ﹐【字根I.】吵架(to quarrel)

bhar﹐【字根I.】珍愛(to cherish)

bhās(bhās)﹐【字根I.1.(to speak)2.使發光(to shine)

bhid(bhid)﹐【字根II.】打破(to break)

bhid(bhid)﹐【字根III.】破碎(to be broken)

bhī(bhī / bhīṣ)﹐【字根I.】害怕(to fear)→Bhāyati

bhuj(bhuj)【字根I.】使彎曲(bend)。【字根II.】吃(to eat)

bhū(bhū)﹐【字根I.】變成(to become)→Bhavati

bhūs(bhūṣ)﹐【字根I.】裝飾(to adorn)。【字根VII.】裝飾(to decorate)

 

m

makkh﹐【字根VII.】塗(to smear)

makkh﹐【字根VII.】插入(to nib with)

magg﹐【字根I.】搜尋(to search)

magg﹐【字根VII.】尋求(to seek)

majj(majj)﹐【字根I.】下沉(to sink)Majjati1(majj浸入,淹沒,to immerse, submerge), 浸入,淹沒

maṇḍ﹐【字根VII.】裝飾(to adorn)cp.(maṇḍ), 艙面(deck)

math(math / manth)﹐【字根I.】攪拌(to churn),激起(to stir)

mad(mad / mand)﹐【字根III.】被使發狂(to be maddened)

madd(md/ mrad)﹐【字根I.】推進(to press),壓破(to crush)

man(man)﹐【字根III.】想(to think)想像(to imagine)

man(man)﹐【字根VI.】想(to think)

mant﹐【字根VII.】討論(to discuss)

manth﹐【字根I.】攪拌(to churn)

mar(m)﹐【字根I.】死(to die)Marati

marj(mj) ﹐【字根I.】擦(to wipe)Majjati2, 擦亮清理。

mas(mṛś)﹐【字根I.】接觸(to touch)

mah﹐【字根I.】參加禮拜(to worship)

mā(mā)﹐【字根I.】測量(to measure)

mān﹐【字根VII.】授與榮譽、尊敬(to honour)

mi(mā)﹐【字根V.】測量(to measure)cp.(mi), 使固定(fix)

mid﹐【字根III.】油滑、假殷勤(to be unctuous),愛(to love),變濕(to wet)

mil﹐【字根I.】關、閉(像眼睛) (to close (as eyes))

mil﹐【字根I.】碰到(to meet)

mis (mi)﹐【字根I.】眨眼(to wink)Misati

miss(mik)﹐【字根VII.】混合(to mix)

mih﹐【字根I.】製造水(to make water)

mīl(mi)﹐【字根VII.】眨眼(to wink)

mu﹐【字根III.】知道(to know)

muc(muc / mok)﹐【字根II.】釋放(to release)

muc(muc / mok)﹐【字根III.】自由(to be free)

muc(muc / mok)﹐【字根VII.】釋放(to set free)

mucch﹐【字根I.】昏倒(to faint)

mujj﹐【字根I.】下沉(to sink)

muṇḍ﹐【字根I.】剃去毛髮(to shave)

mun﹐【字根I.】知(=ñāṇa, to know)

mus﹐【字根I.】傷害(to hurt)

muh(muh)﹐【字根III.】昏暈(to swoon),迷路、墮落(to go astray)→Moha,【陽】癡,愚蠢,迷惑(stupidity, dullness of mind & soul, delusion, bewilderment, infatuation )

 

y

yaj(yaj)﹐【字根I.】做供奉(to make an oblation),給(to give)

yat(yat)﹐【字根I.VII.】嘗試、企圖(to attempt)

yam﹐【字根I.】檢查(to check)cp. (yam / yach)抵達(reach)

yas﹐【字根III.】試圖、努力(to endeavour)cp. (yas/ ye),激昂(be heated)

yā(yā)﹐【字根I.】去、經歷(to go)→Yāti

yāc(yāc)﹐【字根I.】請求(to beg)

yuj(yuj)﹐【字根II.VII.】連結、把套上軛(to yoke)

yudh(yudh)﹐【字根III.】對抗(to fight)

 

r

rakkh(rak)﹐【字根I.】保護(to protect)

raj(raj, rañj)﹐【字根I.】染(to dye)

rac﹐【字根VII.】組成(to compose)

rañj﹐【字根III.】被附上(to be attached to)

rabh﹐【字根I.】開始(to begin)cp.(rabh),勤加。(rabh / rambh)抓住(take hold)

ram(ram)﹐【字根I.】樂於(to take delight in)

rah(rah)﹐【字根I.】離開、放棄(to quit)

rāj﹐【字根I.】使發光(to shine)cp.(rāj)君王的(be kingly)

riñc﹐【字根II.】倒空(to empty)→Riñcati

ru﹐【字根I.】製造噪音(to make a noise)cp. (ru) 1.(cry)2.打破(break)

ruj﹐【字根I.】使痛苦(to pain)cp. (ruj)打破(break)

ruc(ruc)﹐【字根I.】使發光(to shine)

ruc﹐【字根VII.】高興(to please)

rudh(by-form rubh) (rundh or rudh)﹐【字根II.】阻礙(to hinder)

→Rundhati

rudh(rudh)﹐【字根III.】需要(加接頭詞ana) (to desire (with prefix ana)),抑制、防護(to restrain)

rup﹐【字根VII.】改變(to change),毀滅(perish)cp.(rup), 打破(break)

rus﹐【字根I.III.VII.】生氣(to get angry)

ruh(ruh)﹐【字根I.】生長(to grow)

 

l

lakkh(lak)﹐【字根VII.】做記號(to mark)

lagh﹐【字根I.】違背(to transgress),弄乾(to dry)

lajj(lajj)﹐【字根I.】慚愧(to be ashamed)

lañch﹐【字根I.】記號(to mark)

lap(lap)﹐【字根I.】說(to speak)

labh(labh)﹐【字根I.】接受(to receive),獲得(to get)

labh(labh)﹐【字根III.】被得到(to be got)

lambh﹐【字根VII.】欺騙(to deceive)

lal (lam)﹐【字根VII.】玩、彈(to play),愛撫(to fondle)

lā(lā)﹐【字根I.】拿(to take)

lip(lip / limp)﹐【字根II.】塗(to smear)

lis﹐【字根III.】被減少(to be reduced)

lih﹐【字根I.】舔(to lick)

lu﹐【字根V.】切斷(to cut off)

luñc﹐【字根I.】拉(to pluck),拉(to pull)

lup﹐【字根II.】切斷(to cut off),掠奪(to plunder)cp.(lup)打破(break)

lup﹐【字根II.】切斷(to cut off),掠奪(to plunder)cp.(lup)打破(break)

lup﹐【字根III.】被切斷(to be cut off)

lubh (lubh)執取。< lobha

lullu(?)﹐【字根I.】激起(to stir)cp.(lul)生氣勃勃(be lively)

lok(lok)﹐【字根VII.】見(to see),看(to look)

loc﹐【字根VII.】見(to see)cp.(loc)考慮(see consider)

 

v

vac(vac)﹐【字根I.】說(to say)cp.(vad)(speak)

vac(vac)﹐【字根VII.】使閱讀(to cause to read)

vaj﹐【字根I.】去、走(to go)cp.(vaj)強壯(be strong)

vajj﹐【字根VII.】避免(to avoid)

vañc﹐【字根VII.】欺騙(to cheat)cp.(vañc)彎曲地移動(move crookedly)

vaṇṇ﹐【字根VII.】稱讚(to praise)

vaṇṇ﹐【字根VII.】描述(to describe)

vat(vt)﹐【字根I.使轉動(turn)

vatt﹐【字根I.】適宜(to be fit),滾(to roll)

vatt﹐【字根I.】存在(to exist),舉止向於(to behave towards)

vadh﹐【字根I.】拷問(to torture)

van﹐【字根VI.】請求(to beg)

vand(vand)﹐【字根I.】彎腰、鞠躬(to bow down)

vap(vap)﹐【字根I.】播種(to sow)

vam(vam)﹐【字根I.】吐出(to vomit)

var(v)﹐【字根I.】遮蓋(to cover)

var﹐【字根VII.】選擇(to choose)

vas(vas)﹐【字根I.】居住(to dwell)

vas(vas)﹐【字根VII.】遮蓋(to cover),穿(to dress)

vass﹐【字根I.】下雨(to rain)

vah(vah),【字根I.】獲得(to bear away),帶(carry)

vā(vā)﹐【字根I.III.】吹(to blow)cp.(śvas / śu)

vic﹐【字根I.】分開(to separate)cp.(vic), 1.篩,過濾(sift)2.(=vyac)延長(extend)

vic(vic)﹐【字根III.】被分開(to be separated)

vid﹐【字根I.】知(to know),關心(to regard)

vid﹐【字根II.】感覺(to feel),獲得(to obtain)

vid(vid)﹐【字根VII.】知道(to know)→Vedetivedayati (vid +esk. vedayati), 【使】感受(直譯:使)

vidh(vyadh / vidh),【字根I.III.VII.】穿孔(to perforate),穿透、貫穿(to penetrate),刺穿(to pierce)cp.(vidh)崇拜(worship)

vis (viś), 進入(enter)

vīj﹐【字根I.】煽動、驅趕、搧(to fan)

vu﹐【字根IV.】串起(to string)

ve (viu)﹐【字根I.】編織(to weave)

veth﹐【字根VII.】盤繞(to coil)

 

s

sas﹐【字根I.】稱讚(to praise)

sak(śak)﹐【字根IV.】能幹(to be able)

sakk﹐【字根VI.】能幹(to be able)

sak(śañk)﹐【字根I.】懷疑(to doubt)

saj(srj)﹐【字根III.】黏住(to stick to)

sajj﹐【字根I.】被附上到(to be attached to)cp. (saj / sañj)掛起來(hang)

sajj﹐【字根VII.】裝飾(to decorate),準備(to prepare)

sad (sim)﹐【字根I.】沉下(to sink down)cp.(sad)(sit)

san﹐【字根I.】製造噪音(to make a noise)cp.(san)得到(gain)

sap(śap)﹐【字根I.】詛咒(to curse)

sapp﹐【字根I.】爬(to creep)

sam﹐【字根III.】被安撫(to be appeased)

sam﹐【字根III.】居住(to dwell)

sam(śam 1./ śim)﹐【字根VII.】使平靜、使安靜(to pacify)

sambh(śrambh) 使平靜、平息

sambhu﹐【字根IV.】引導成功(to lead to success)

sar﹐【字根I.1.移動(to move2.(to sound)3.記得(to remember)

sas(śvas / śu﹐【字根I.(blow)

sah﹐【字根I.】忍耐(to endure)遭受(to suffer)cp. (sah)勝過(prevail)

sā﹐【字根III.使得細或純(to make thin or fine)

sās﹐【字根I.】教(to instruct)cp. (śās 1.(=śi) r=順序(orde)2.(=śas)

si(si)﹐【字根I.V.】黏附於、堅持(to cling to),依賴(to depend upon),綁(to bind)

sis﹐【字根VII.】祝福(to bless)

sidh﹐【字根III.】完成(to be accomplished)cp. (sidh) 1.擊退(repel)2.成功,繼承(succeed)

sinā(hā)﹐【字根III.】洗澡(to take a bath)

sinih﹐【字根III.】愛(to love)

silāgh﹐【字根I.】稱讚(to praise)

siv(sīv / syū)﹐【字根III.】縫合縫上(to sew)

sīl(śik)﹐【字根VII.】學習(to study)

su1 ( sru)﹐【字根I.】慢慢地洩漏(to trickle away)流動(flow)cp.(s), 流動、流出(flow)

su2(śru, śru)﹐【字根I.V.】聽到(to hear)

suc(śuc)﹐【字根I.】使悲傷(to grieve)→Socati (sk. śocati), 哀悼,傷心。

sudh(śudh / śundh)﹐【字根III.】把弄乾淨(to be clean)

sup(svap)﹐【字根I.】睡(to sleep)→Supati(Suppati, Soppati)睡覺。

subh(śubh / śumbh)﹐【字根I.】使漂亮(to be beautiful)

sus(śu)﹐【字根III.】弄乾(to dry)

sūc﹐【字根VII.】指示(to indicate)

sūd﹐【字根I.】滴下(to trickle)cp.(stu) 1.讚揚(praise)2.滴下(drip)

sev(sev)﹐【字根I.】服侍(to serve),聯合(to associate)

 

h

had﹐【字根I.】排出排泄物(to emit excrement)

han(han)﹐【字根I.】殺(to kill),打(to beat)

han(han)﹐【字根III.】被殺(to be killed)

hams﹐【字根I.】高興(to be delighted)

has(has)﹐【字根I.】笑(to laugh)

har﹐【字根I.】取走(to take away),運()cp.(har)使高興(be gratified)(h) 1.(take)2.發怒(be angry)

har (harā) ﹐【字根III.】使作嘔(to be disgusted with)

hā﹐【字根I.】放棄(to give up)cp.(hā) 1.離開(leave)2.向前(go forth)

hā﹐【字根III.】減少(to decrease)

hi﹐【字根IV.】發送(to send)cp. (hi)催促(impel)

his(his),【字根I.傷害(injure)→Hisati

hind﹐【字根I.】到處走路(to walk about)

hilād﹐【字根I.】高興(to be glad)

hilāda﹐【字根VII.】使喜悅(to gladden)

hiri(hrī)﹐【字根III.】慚(to be ashamed of)

his﹐【字根II.】襲擊(to assault)

hīl﹐【字根VII.】輕視(to disparage)

heh﹐【字根VII.】使痛苦(to afflict),使苦惱(to torment)

hu(hu)﹐【字根I.】犧牲(to be to sacrifice)

hve(hū / hvā)﹐【字根I.】呼叫(to call upon),喚起(to evoke)


梵語動詞字根

a

ah, 狹窄(be narrow);悲傷(distressing)

ak, 達到,獲得(attain; pervade; to reach; to accumulate)

ak, 切斷(mutilate)

ag, 移開,推動(move)

ac / añc, 使彎曲(bend)

aj, 駕車旅行(drive)

añj, 塗油於(anoin)

a(a), 流浪,徘迴(wander)

at(a), 流浪,徘迴(wander)

ad(ad), (eat)

an(an), 呼氣,吸氣(breathe)

am, 傷害,損傷(injure)

ay, =see √li=

arc / c, 發光(shine);稱讚(praise)

arj, =see j/ṛñj

art, =see t

arh, 應受等等(deserve etc)

av, 贊同, 偏愛(favor)

aś / aṅś, 達到(attain)2. =(eat)

as, = 1.存在、有(be)(= bū)2.,(throw)(=kip)

ah, (say)(=lac / brū)

ā

ājch, 撕破(tear)

āp, 獲得(obtain)

ār, 稱讚(praise)

ās(ās), (sit)

āgam, 來至

āh,能引

ājñā, 教示

ākram, 侵掠

āpad, 違犯

ārabh, 勤加

ārāgaya, 來到

ārak, 隨護

āsad, 方證,能得

āyāc, 求欲

i

i 1./ ī / ay(i),(=go)(=yā gam gā )

i 2./ inv / in, 發送,(send)

ig, 攪拌(stir)

ich, =see √i 1.

īdh / indh, 點燃(kindle)

in / inv, =see  i 2.

inaks, =see  naś 2.

iyaks, =see yaj

irajy, =see j

iradh, =see rādh

il, 肅靜,平靜(be guiet)

i (is, icch)1.=ich, =seek=尋找,求取;=desire=渴望;2.=send=,發送

ī

ī, =see i  1.

īk(ikkh), =see=

īṅkh, =swing=搖擺, 振動

īj, =see √ej

īḍ, =praise=稱讚

īr(īr), =set in motion=移動

īry, =be jealous=忌妒

īś, =be master=主人

īṣ / e, =move=移動

īh, =be eager=渴望,急切

u

u, =proclaim=宣告

uk, 1.=sprinkle=灑; 2./ uk / vak, =grow=成長  see √vak

uc, =be pleased=高興

uch, =see √vas 1.

ujh, =forsake=拋棄

uñch(uñch), =glean=蒐集

ud / und, =wet=, 使濕

ubj, =force=強迫, 攻取

ubh / umbh, =confine=限制,鄰接

u, =shine=發亮see vas 1.

ū

ūru, =see √v 1.

ūh,1.=remove=移動,離開, 拆除, 令離;

ūh(ūh), 2.=consider=考慮, 重視, 認為, 看做

/ ch, =go / send=,發送

c, =see √arc

j 1.ṛñj / arj, =direct=指導;=stretch=張開,傾注;=attain=達成,獲得

2.=shine=發亮,照耀

t / art, =pursue=追趕

d / ard, =stir=攪拌;=dissolve=解散,溶解

dh, =thrive=興旺

ṛś ?, =harm=損傷

ṛṣ, =rush, =, =push=,

e

ej / īj(ej), =stir攪拌

edh(edh), =thrive 興旺

k

katth, =boast=自修

kad, =destroy=毀滅

kan / kā, =be pleased=高興;=enjoy=享受

kam(kām), =love=, 喜歡

kamp, =tremble=發抖

kal, =drive=駕駛, 推動;=produce=生產, 博得

ka, =scratch, =挑剔,,塗掉

kas, = open=打開

kā, = see √kan

kāṅk(kakh), 欲望(desire)→kāṅkin 志欲;ākāṅk

kāś, = appear=露出;=make a show=向人誇

kās, = =咳出(cough)cp.(kās)﹐【字根I.1.發光(to shine)2.(=kās)咳嗽(to cough)

ku, kū, =design=設計,構想

kuc / kuñc(kuc), =shrink=,畏怯;=curl=捲曲

kuñj, = rustle=活躍 / 沙沙的響

kuṭṭ, =divide=分開,對立;=crush=壓倒,

kuṇṭh, =dull=變鈍, 緩和

kuth, =stink=難聞,名聲壞

kup(kup), =be angry=生氣,

ku, =tear=裂開

kūj, =hum=發嗡嗡聲

kūḍ / kūl, =burn=發熱

kūṇ, = shrink=退縮

kūrd, = leap=跳;exult=狂歡

k, sk(kar),.1.=make=,2./ (kir) =scatter=使消散;3.= commemorate=紀念

kt, 1.=cut=切割;2.=spin=, 旋轉

kp, =lament=悲痛

kṛś, =be lean=傾向於

kṛṣ(kas), = drag=拉;=plough=耕種

kp, = =使適應(be adapt)cp.(kapp)﹐【字根VII.1.能幹(to be able)2.(=kp)使適合(to be fit for)

knū, =wet=, 使濕

krak, =crash=碰撞

krath, = be jubilant=揚聲歡呼的

krand, kland, = cry out=大聲呼叫

kram(kam), 超越,邁大步走(stride)

krī(ki), =buy=

krīḍ, =play=

kru, =be rough=粗造的;= raw=未加工

krudh, =be angry=生氣

kruś, =cry out=大聲呼叫

krūḍ, =thicken=使厚, 複雜

klath, =turn=使轉動

kland, =see √krand

klam, =be weary=疲倦

klav, =stammer=口吃

klid, =be wet=

kliś (kilis), =distress=悲痛

kva(kā), =sound=聲音

kvath, =boil=沸騰

kad, =divide=分開, 對立

kan(kham), =wound=轉動

kap, =be abstinent=禁欲

kam, = endure=忍耐, 能堪忍

kar, = flow=流動

kal, =wash=

kṣā, =burn=發光,燃燒

ki 1.=possess=擁有;2./(kṣī) =destroy=毀壞

kip(khip), =throw=,

ku, =sneeze=噴嚏聲

kud, =crush=壓碎

kudh, =be hungry=饑餓

kup, =be startled=使驚嚇

kubh, =quake=搖動

kṣṇu, =whet=, 刺激

kmā, =tremble=發抖

kvi, =hum=發嗡嗡聲

kvel, =play=

kh

khac, =show through=穿過, 顯示

khañj, =limp=跛行

khad, =be hard=困難的

khan/ khā, =dig=

kharj, =creak=使吱吱作響

khall, =be relaxed=鬆懈

khā, =see √khan

khād(khād), =chew=嚼碎

khid, =tear=撕開, /拔。cp. (khid)﹐【字根III.】被壓下,降低,沮喪(to be depressed)

khud, =futuere=

khel, =stagger=搖晃, 躊躇

khyā, (see)

g

gach(gam, gacch), =see √gam

gad(gad), =say=

gadh, =attach=裝上

gabh, =see √gāh

gam, =√gach, =go=

garj(gajj), =roar=吼叫

gard, =exult=狂歡

garh, =chide=斥責

gal, =drop=一滴,點滴

galbh, =dare=, 竟敢

gā, 1.=go,去;2.=sing=唱歌

gāh etc, =plunge=使投入

gir / gil, =see √g 2.=swallow=

gu, =sound=迴響, 發音

guñj, =hum=發嗡嗡聲

guṇṭh(guṇṭh), =cover up=掩蓋

gup(gup), =protect=保護

guph / gumph, =twine=

gur, =greet=問候

gulph, =bunch=,

guh, =hide=藏起來

gūrd, =exult=狂歡, 雀躍

gūrdh, =exalt=提高, 稱讚

g, 1.(gā)(sing)2./gir/gil, (swallow)3./ jāg, 醒著(wake)

gdh, =be greedy=貪吃的

grath/ granth(ganth),(tie)

grabh/ grah, =seize=抓住

gras, =devour=吞沒

grah, =see √grabh抓住

glap, =see √glā疲勞

glah, =gamble=投機,

glā, =be weary=疲勞

gh

gha(gha), =strive=努力苦幹

ghaṭṭ, =rub etc.=, 摩擦

ghar, =see √gh

ghas, =eat=

ghu, =turn=使轉動

ghu(ghus), =sound=發音

ghūr, =waver=搖擺

gh/ ghar, =drip=滴下

ghṛṣ, =rub=

ghrā, =smell=,聞出

c

cak, =quake=搖動

cakās, =shine=發光

cak, =see=

cañc, =dance=跳舞

ca, =go=

cat, =hide=藏起來

can, =be pleased=高興

cand, =see √ścand

cam, =sip=

car, =move=移動

carc, =repeat=重複, 複述

carv, =shew=

cal(cal), =stir=攪拌、顫動

cāy, =note=紀錄;observe=看到, 觀察

ci ,1.=gather=使聚集;2.=note=紀錄;=observe=看到,觀察

cit, =perceive=察覺, 感知;=know=了解;=appear=出現

cint, =think=

cud, =impel=催促,諫誨。

cup, =stir=攪拌

cumb(cumb), =kiss=吻。cp.(nis), (kiss)

cur(cur), =steal=

culump, =suck in=, 捲入

cūṣ, =draw=劃;=suck=拉

ct, =bind=,包紮

ceṣṭ, =stir=攪拌

cyu, =move=移動;=stir=攪拌

cyut, =drip=滴下

ch

chad(chād), =cover=

chand / chad, =seem, =似乎;=please=高興

chā, =cut up=切開

chid(chid), =cut off=切斷

chu / chu, =wrench=猛扭

chur, =scatter, =使消散

chd, =spue=嘔吐;=eject排斥

j

jak , 1.=eat=吃;2.(=jaggh)嘲笑(laugh)

jagh, =eat=吃;=devour=狼吞虎嚥地吃。

jajh, =

jañj, =

jan / jā(jan, jā), =give birth=產生,生下;=be born=出生

jap(jap), =whisper=低語

jam, =

jambh/ jabh(jambh), =chew up=損壞;=crush=壓碎

jar, =see √j  1./ jur, =waste away=浪費;2.=sing=

jalp, =murmur=輕柔持續的聲音

jval(jal),= to shine=發光

jas, =be exhausted=耗盡

jah, =see √hā

jā, =see √jan

jāg(jāgar)﹐【字根I.】保持清醒(to keep awake)cp. g﹐清醒(to wake)

ji, 1.(=ji) 戰勝,克服(conquer) 2./jinv, =quicken=催趕

jīv(jiv), =live=生活

jur, =see √j

ju, =enjoy=欣賞, 享受

jū, =be swift=快速的

jūrv, =consume=消耗

j, 1./ jur, =waste away=浪費; 2.=sing=

jmbh, =gape呵欠

jeh, =loll=下垂;=pant=氣喘

jñā(ñā, jā), =know=了解

jyā / jī, =overpower=壓倒;=injure=傷害

jyut, =shine=發光

jri, =go=

jvar, =be hot=, 急躁的

jval, =burn=燃燒;=flame=光輝

jh

jha, =confuse=弄糊塗

jha, =sound=聲響

jhar, =fall=落下

añk, =cover=遮蓋

al, =be confused=混亂

ṭīk, =trip=旅行

up, =swell=腫脹

am, =sound=聲響

amb, =mock=嘲笑

ḍī, =fly=

val, =mix=使混亂

h

hāuk, =approach=接近

t

tas/ tas, =shake=

tak, =rush=,趕緊

tak, =fashion=流行

tañc / tac, =coagulate=凝結

ta, =clatter=硬物撞擊聲

ta, =beat=,

tan 1.(=tā),(= tan)伸直(stretch)2.=roar=吼叫

tand, =be weary=疲倦

tap(tap), =heat=加熱

tam, =faint=頭暈

tark(takk), =think=

tarj(tajj), =threaten=威脅

tas, =see √tas

tā, =see √tan

tāy, =stretch=伸直

ti, =crush=壓碎

tij, =be sharp=鋒利的

tim, =be quiet=安靜

tir, =see √t

tu, =be strong=強壯

tuc, =impel=催促;=genrate=產生

tuj, =urge=催促;=thrust=用力推

tud, =push=推動;=thrust=用力推。cp. (tud)﹐【字根I.】刺穿(to pierce),傷害(to wound)

tur, =see √t

turv / tūrv, =overcome=戰勝

tul, =lift=舉起, 籌量;=weigh=的重量

tuś, =drip=滴下

tu(tus), =be content=滿足

tūrv, =see √turv

t/ tir/ tur, =pass=通過

td, =split=劈開;=bore=鑽孔

tp, =be pleased=高興

tṛṣ, =be thirsty=渴望

th, =crush=壓碎

tyaj, =forsake=拋棄。> tyāga, m. 放棄。

trap, =be abashed=使羞愧

tras, =be terrified=使害怕,

trā, =rescue=緩救

tru, =come to pieces=粉碎

tyaj, =令漸捨

tvak, =fashion=流行

tvañg, =leap=

tvac, =cover=遮蓋

tvar, =hasten=催促

tvi, =be stirred=攪拌

tsar, =approach=接近;=stealthily=暗地裡

d

daṅś / daś, =bite=

das(dams), =be wondrous=不可思議

dak, =be able=

dagh, =reach to=抵達

dad, =see √1.dā

dadh, =see √1.dhā

dan, =straighten=弄直

dabh / dambh, =harm損傷

dam(dam), =control=控制,調伏

day, =share=分配, 參與

daridrā, =see √1.drā

dal, =burst=爆炸,

das / dās, =waste=浪費

dah, = =(burn)cp. (dah)﹐【字根I.】流浪生活、乞討(to bum)

dā 1.(=dad),(= dad, dā)給,惠施(give)2./ di, =divide=劃分;=share=分配,共用3./ di, =bind=束縛;4.=clear=清澈

dāś, =make offering=提供

dās, =see √das

div, =play / see √dīv

diś(dis), =point=使銳利; 強調; 指出; 瞄準

dih, =smear=(用髒等東西)塗抹

dī,  1.=fly=  2./ dīdī, =shine=發光

dīk, =be consecrated=神聖的

dīdhī, =see dhī

dīp, =shine=發光,顯發

dīv, 1.=play=  2./ dev, =lament=哀悼,悲痛,痛哭

du / dū, =burn=發熱, 發光

dudh, =stir up=激起, 煽動

dul, =raise=舉起

du, =spoil=損壞

duh(duh), =milk=榨取;=derive=取得

dū, =see √du

d, 1.=pierce=刺穿=split=被劈開;2.=heed=留心,注意

dp, =rave=胡言亂語

dbh, =bunch=,

dṛś(dis, diss), =see=見,現見

dh / dṛṅh, =make firm=使穩固、堅牢

dev, =see √dīv 2.

dyu, =attack=進攻

dyut, = shine=發光

dram, =run=

drā 1.=run=跑;2.=sleep=

drāḍ, =split=劈開

dru, =run=

druh, =be hostile=不友善的

drū, =hurl=猛力投擲

dvi, =hate=仇恨

dh

dhan, =run=

dhanv, =run=

dham/ dhmā(dham), =blow=,毆打

dhav, =flow=流動 

dhā 1./ dadh(dhā), =put=放置  2.=suck=吸吮

dhāv 1.(=dhāv)(run)2.=rinse=沖洗

dhi / dhinv, =nourish=養育

dhī / dīdhī, =think=

dhuk, =kindle=點燃, 燃起

dhū / dhu(dhū), =shake=

dhūrv, =injure=傷害

dh, =hold=握著,能任持

dhṛṣ, =dare=

dhmā, =see dham

dhyai, =修靜慮

dhyā(jhā), =think=

dhraj / dhrāj, =sweep=打掃

dhvas / dhvas, =scatter=使消散

dhvan, =sound=發音, 出聲

dhv / dhur / dhru, =injure=毀壞

n

naṅś, =see √naś 2.

nak, =attain, =達到, 獲得

na(nacc), =dance, =跳舞;=pkay=

nad(nad), =sound=發音, 出聲

nand(nand), =rejoice, =欣喜, 高興

nabh, =burst=爆炸,破裂

nam(nam), =bend=使彎曲;=bow=彎曲

nard, =bellow=吼叫

naś, 1.(= (nas)失去(be lost)2./ naṅś, =attain=達到

nas, =unite, =使聯合, 統一

nah, =tie=

nāth / nādh(nāth)尋求(seek)= aid=幫助

nis, =kiss=

nik, =pierce=刺穿

nij, =wash=洗滌

nind / nid(nind), =revile=辱罵

nī(nī), =lead=引導

nīḍ, =nest=,

nu 1./ nū, =praise=稱讚;2.=move=移動

nud, = =推動(push)cp.(nud)﹐【字根I.】除去(to remove)

n, =sport=娛樂, 戲謔

nt, =dance=跳舞

ned, =flow=流動

p

pac(pac), =cook=

paj, =start=出發, 開始。cp. (paj)﹐【字根VII.】駕駛(to drive)

pa, =tear=撕開, 扯破

pah(pah), =read=

pa, =bargain=協議

pat, 1.(=pat)(fly);掉落(fall)2.規則,規定(rule)

path, =go=,

pad(pad), =go=,

pan, =admire=喜歡, 讚嘆

paś 1./ spaś, =see=, , 觀已;2.=bind=,

pas, =

pā, 1. (pā) =(drink)2.( pā)保護,防護(protect)3.=rise against=造反, 反抗

pāy, =cacare??

pi / pī, =awell=腫脹;=fatten=養肥

pinv, =fatten=養肥, 使肥沃

pibd, =be firm=堅固, 穩定

piś, =adorn=裝飾

piāṣ, =crush=壓碎

pis, =stretch=伸出

pī, 1.=see pi 2.= see √pīy

pīḍ, =press=, 壓碎

pīy, =abuse=

pu, =scale=刻度

puth, =crush=壓碎

pu, =thrive=興旺

pū, =cleanse=弄清潔

pūj(pūj), =reverence=尊敬

pūy, =stink, =發惡臭

pūr, =see √p 1.

p, 1./ pṛṇ/ pūr, (=pūj)充滿(fill)2.前進,通過(pass)3.(=pūj)忙碌(be busy)

pc, =mix=使混合

pṛṇ, =see √1.p

pt, =fight=打仗

pṛś / pṛṣ, =

pyā, =fill up=充滿

prach, =ask=

pratn, =spread=使伸展

prā, =fill=裝滿

prī, =please=高興, 深生愛

pru, =flow=流動

pruth, =snort=噴鼻息

pru, =sprinkle=

plī, =

plu(plu), =float=浮動

plu, =burn=發生, 發熱

psā, =devour=狼吞虎嚥地吃

ph

phakk, =swell=腫脹

pha, =spring=旺盛, 春季

phar, =scatter=使消散

phal, 1.=burst=爆炸; 2.(=plu)成果(fruit)

b

bah, =make firm=穩固

bandh(bandh), =bind=, 包紮

bal, = whirl=旋轉

bādh, =oppress=壓迫

budh(budh), =know=知道;=wake=醒著

bul, =submerge=浸入水中

bṛṅh, vṛṅh, =roar , 叫喊see √vṛṅh

bh(brah), 1.=make big or strong=使大或使強壯;2./ vh, =tear see √vh

brū, =say=

blī, =see √vlī壓碎

bh

bhak, =partake of=參與, 有味道;= eat=

bhaj, =divide=劃分;=share=分配, 參與。cp. (bhaj)(bhaj))﹐【字根VII.】訴諸(to resort to)

bhañj, =break=打破, 折斷

bha, =hire=租借

bha(bha), =speak=

bhan, =speak=

bhand, =be bright=明亮的

bharts, =revile=辱罵

bharv, =devour=狼吞虎嚥地吃

bhal, =perceive=察覺

bha, =bark=犬叫

bhas, =devour=毀滅,使著迷;=狼吞虎嚥地吃

bhā, =shine=發光

bhām, =be angry=發怒的

bhāṣ(bhās), =speak=

bhās(bhās), =shine=發光

bhik, =beg=乞討

bhid(bhid), =split=劈開

bhiaj, =heal=治愈

bhī, / bhīṣ(bhī), =fear=害怕

bhuj 1.=bend=使彎曲;2.=enjoy=欣賞, 享受,享有, 喜歡。cp.(bhuj)

bhur, =quiver=顫抖

bhuraj, =

bhū(bhū), =be=存在, ,

bhūṣ(bhūs), =attend upon=護理;=adorn=裝飾

bh, =bear=支持, 承載; 帶走, 搬運, 提供

bhjj, =roast=

bhyas, =fear=害怕

bhraṅś/ bhraś, =fall=落下

bhram, =wander=漫遊,周旋

bhrāj, =shine=發光,亮麗

bhrī, =consume=消耗

bhre, =totter=蹣跚

m

mah / mah, =be great主要的,極端的, 熟練, 中意=be liberal=寬大, 充足, 廣義, 自由

majj(majj), =sink=下沉

mañc, =purify=清靜

ma, =sound=發音

maṇḍ, =deck=艙面。cp. (maṇḍ)﹐【字根VII.】裝飾(to adorn)

math / manth(math), =shake=

mad / mand(mad), =be exhilarated=使有生氣

man, =think=

mah, =see √mah

mā 1.(=mi)測量(measure)2.=exchange=交換;3.=bellow=吼叫

mārg, =chase=追逐

mi, =fix使固定

mi, =damage see √mī  

mik(miss), =mix=使混合

migh, =see √mih

mith, =alternate=交替;=altercate=爭論

mid / mind=see √med

mil, =combine=使結合

mi(mis, mīl), =wink=眨眼

mih, =mingere=??

mī/ mi, =damage=損害

mīl, =wink=眨眼

mīv / mū=push=

muc / mok(muc), =release=解放

mu, =break=打破

mud, =be merry=歡樂

mu, =steal=

muh(muh), =be crazed=瘋狂;迷惑

mū, =see √mīv

mūrch/ mūr, =thicken=使厚

m, 1.(=mar)(die) 2./ mṛṇ, =crush=壓碎

mk, =stroke= /

mc, =injure=傷害

mch, =perish=消滅

mj(=marj), =wipe=

mṛḍ, =be gracious=親切的

mṛṇ, =see √2.m

md/ mrad, =rub=擦;=crush=壓碎

mdh, =neglect=忽視

mṛś(mas), =touch, =接觸;= feel=感受

mṛṣ, =not heed=沒有注意

med/ mid, =be fat=肥胖的

mok, =see muc

mnā, =note=紀錄

myak, =be situated=被置於

mrad, =see √md

mrit/ mlit, =dissolve=分解

mruc/ mluc/ mlup, =set=

mre, =gratify=使高興

mlā, =relax=使鬆弛

mluc, =see √mruc

mlup, =see √mruc

mlech, =speak barbarously=說話野蠻的

y

yak, =press on= /

yach, =see √yam

yaj(yaj), =offer=給予,提供;發生

yat(yat), =stretch=伸直

yabh, =futuere=??

yam / yach, 抵達(reach)cp. (yam)﹐【字根I.】檢查(to check)

yas/ ye, =be heated=,激昂。cp. (yas)﹐【字根III.】試圖、努力(to endeavour)

yā(yā), =go=

yāc(yāc), =ask=, 請求, 招待, 研磨

yād, =unite=使聯合

yu, 1.=unite=使聯合; 2./ yuch, =separate分割

yuj(yuj), =join=連接, 應正道理, 應道理

yudh(yudh), =fight=打仗

yup, =obstruct=阻塞

ye, =see √yas, 激昂

r

rah, =hasten=催促

rak(rakkh), =protect=保護

rañg, =rock=搖動

rac, =produce=生產

raj, 1.(=j)指導(direct)2.(=rañj)(raj), =color=著色, 粉飾

rañch, =mark=作標誌, 顯示

ra, =howl=怒吼

rav, =delight=欣喜

rad, =dig= /

radh / randh, = be / make subject=易受, 受支配 

ran, 1.=take pleasure=為樂, 喜歡; 2.=ring=

rap, =chatter=喋喋不休

rapś, =be full=充滿

raph, =

rabh / rambh, =take hold=抓住。cp.(rabh)﹐【字根I.】開始(to begin)

ram(ram), =be or make content=滿足, 受樂

ramb, =hang down=懸掛

rambh, =roar=吼叫

raś, =

ras, =roar=吼叫

rah(rah), =desert=丟開, 逃走

rā, 1./ rās, =give=給; 2.=bark=

rāj, = =君王的(be kingly)cp.(rāj)﹐【字根I.】使發光(to shine)

rādh, =succeed=成功

rās 1.=roar=吼叫; 2.=see √rā 1.

i / rī, =flow=流動

rich, =scratch, =塗掉

riñkh, / riñg, =creep, =

ric, =leave=離開, 留下

rip, =smear=, 毀謗

riph, =snarl=使混亂

ribh, =sing=

riś, =tear=撕開

ri, =be hurt=傷害

rih, =lick=, 克服, 吞沒

rī, =see √ri

ru, 1.= =(cry) 2.= =打破(break)cp. (ru) ﹐【字根I.】製造噪音(to make a noise)

ruc(ruc), = =發光(shine)

ruj, = =打破(break)cp.(ruj)﹐【字根I.】使痛苦(to pain)

ruh, =torment=折磨,使苦惱

rud, =weep=

rudh(rudh), 1.=grow=成長; 2.=obstruct=干擾

rup, 打破(break)cp.(rup)﹐【字根VII.】栽種(to plant)

ru, =be vexed悔恨, 生氣

ruh, =ascend=上升,

rūṣ, =strew=散播

rej, =tremble==發抖, 擔心

re, =deceive=欺騙

rebh, =see √vibh

l

lak(lakkh), =mark=做記號

lag, =attach=裝上

lañgh, =leap=

lajj(lajj), =be ashamed=羞愧

lap(lap), =preatee=嘮叨地講

labh(labh), =take=

lam(lal), =take pleasure=喜歡

lamb, =hang down=垂下來

lal, =sport=遊戲

la, =derire=渴望

las, = be lively=生氣勃勃

lā(lā), =grasp= 抓牢

lāñch, =mark=記號

likh, =scratch=

lip / limp(lip), =smear=塗抹

liś, =tear=撕開

lin, =lick=

lī, 1.=cling=執著;2.=be unsteady=不安定

luñc, =tear=撕開

luh, 1.=roll=滾動; 2./ luṇṭh, =rob=搶劫

lu, =stir up=攪拌

lup, = =打破(break)cp. (lup)﹐【字根II.】切斷(to cut off),掠奪(to plunder)

lubh(lubh), =be lustful=好色的、執取

lul, =生氣勃勃(=be lively)cp. (lul)﹐【字根I.】激起(to stir)

lū, =cut= / /

lok(lok), =look=

loc, = =考慮(see consider)cp. (loc)﹐【字根VII.】見(to see)

v

vak, =see √vañc

vak, / uk, =increase=增大

vac(vac), = =(speak)cp.(vad)(speak)

vaj, = =強壯(be strong)cp. (vaj)﹐【字根I.】去、走(to go)

vañc(vañc), 彎曲地移動(move crookedly)

vaṇṭ, =divide=劃分

vat, =parehend=逮捕

vad, =speak=

vadh / badh, =slay=

van / vā, =win=獲勝

vand(vand), =greet=問候

vap(vap), 1.=strew=散播; 2.=shear

vam(vam), =vomit=嘔吐

val, =turn=使轉動

valg, =spring=湧出, 產生

valh, =challenge=挑戰

vaś, =be eager=急切, 熱心

vas, 1./ u/ uch, =shine=發光;2. (=vas)覆蓋,,授以(clothe)3.(=vas)居住(dwell)

vah(vah), 挑,背,扛,帶(carry)

vā, 1.(=vā)(blow)2./ viu, =weave=,編;3.=see √van

vāñch, =desire=想要, 希望, 請求

vāś, =bellow=吼叫

vāh, =press=

vic, 1.篩,過濾(sift)2.(=vyac)延長(extend)cp.(vic)﹐【字根I.】分開(to separate)。【字根III.】被分開(to be separated)

vij, =tremble=發抖

vid, 1.=know=知道;2.=find=找到

vidh, 1.=worship=崇拜2.(=vyadh)刺穿(pierce)

vindh, =lack=缺少

vip / vep, =tremble=發抖

viś(vis), =enter=進入

vi, =be active=活躍

viṣṭ / veṣṭ, =wrap,

vī, =enjoy etc=喜歡

vīj, =fan=yaj

vīd, =make strong=使強壯

v, 1.遮蓋(cover)2.挑選(choose)3.希望(to wish)

vṛṅh / brh, =roar=吼叫

vj, =twist=扭轉

vt(vat), =turn=使轉動

vdh, =grow=成長, 增大

vṛṣ, =rain=下雨

vh, / bh, =tear, =撕開

ven, =long=渴望

vell, =stagger=搖搖晃晃

vest, =see √viṣṭ

vyac, / vic, = =延長(extend)

vyaj, =see √vīj

vyath, =waver=搖擺

vyadh / vidh(vidh), = =刺穿(pierce)

vyay, =expend=消費

vyā, / vī, =envelop=包住,裹住

vraj, =proceed=繼續進行

vrad, / wand, =weaken=使弱

vran, =sound=發音

vraśc, =cut up=切開

vrādh, =stir up=攪拌

vrīḍ, =be abashed=使羞愧

vru, =sink=下沉

vlag, / vlañg, =pursue=追趕

vlī, / blī, =crush=壓碎

Ś

śas, =praise=讚揚

śak(sak), =be able=

śañk(sak), =doubt=懷疑

śat, =cut in pieces=切碎片

śad, 1.=prevail=勝過;2.=fall=落下

śap(sap), =curse=咒罵

śam 1./ śim, =labor=勞動;2.(=sam)安靜,肅靜(be quiet)3.=note=紀錄

śal, =leap=

śax, =leap=

śas, / śās, =cut=

śā, / śi, =sharpen=使銳利

śās 1.(=śi) r=順序(orde)2.(=śas)(cut)cp.(sās),【字根I.】教(to instruct)

śik(sīl), = 能修學

śiñgh, =snuff=

śiñj, =twang=弦聲

śip, =be smooth=平滑

śim, =see √śam

śi, =leave=離開

śī (si), 1.=fall=落下;2.=lie=

śuc, =gleam=微光

śuj, =swell=腫脹

śudh / śundh(sudh), =purify=使潔淨,行淸淨

śubh / śumbh, =beautify=使美麗,爲妙

śu,1.(= sus)(dry)2.=blow see √śva=

śū/ śvā / śvi, =swell=腫脹

śṛ, 1.=crush=壓碎;2.=see √śrā3.=see √śri

śṛdh, =be defiant=挑戰

ścand / cand, =shine=發光

ścam, =

ścut, =drip=滴下

śnath, =pierce=刺穿

śyā / śī, =coagulate=凝結

śrath/ ślath, =slacken=鬆弛

śran, =give=

śram, =be weary=疲倦

śrambh(sambh), 使平靜、平息

śrā / 2śrī / 2 śṛ, =boil=沸騰

śrī / 3 śṛ, =resort=訴諸,憑藉

śri, =see √ślis

śrī 1./ śṛ, =mix=使混和;2.=see √śrā

śru(su), =hear=聽到

śru, =hear=聽到

ślath, =see śrath

ślā, =dissolve=分解

ślāgh, =extol=激賞

śli / śri, =clasp=緊抱

śvañc, =spread=使伸展

śvas / śu(sas), =blow=

śvā / śvi, =see √śū

śvit, =be bright=明亮

S

thīv, =spew=嘔吐

S

sak, =

sagh, =be equal to=相等

sac, =accompany=陪同

saj / sañj, =hang=掛起來

sad, (sit)cp.(sad (sim))﹐【字根I.】沉下(to sink down)

san / 2.sā, = =得到(gain)cp.(san)﹐【字根I.】製造噪音(to make a noise)

sap, =服務(serve)cp. (sah)﹐【字根I.】忍耐(to endure),遭受(to suffer)

sarj, =creak=發出喀吱聲

saśc, =see √sac

sas, =sleep=

sah, =prevail=勝過

sā 1./ si, =bind=捆;2.=see √san

sādh / sadh, =succeed=成功

si(si), = =(bind)

sic, = pour out=傾吐, 訴說

sidh, 1.= =擊退(repel)2.= =成功,繼承(succed)cp.(sidh)﹐【字根III.】完成(to be accomplished)

sī, = si(bind)

sīv / syū(siv), = sew=縫合

su, = press out=擠向前

sul, =?

subh / sumbh, =smother=使窒息

sū / su, =generate=產生;=enliven=使有朝氣;=impel=催促

sūd, =put in order=放入規則, 依序

sūrk, =heed=留心, 注意

s, = flow=流動, 流出, 盈滿,

sk, = be pointed=強調, 對準, 銳利

sj, = send forth=發出, 派遣, 寄出,

sp, =creep=躡手躡足地走、爬

sev(sev), = attend upon=服侍, 隨行, 跟從

skand(khand), =leap=跳﹔使跳過

skambh / skabh(khambh), =prop=支持

sku, =tear=撕開

sk, =see √k 1.

skhal, =stumble=絆腳

stan, =thunder=, 雷聲

stambh / stabh, =prop=支持

stā, =be stealthy=祕密

stigh, =mount=登上, 爬上

stim / stīm, =be stiff=硬的, 黏的

stu, 1.=praise=讚揚;2.=drip=滴下

stubh, =praise=讚揚

st, =strew=散播

sth, =crush=壓碎

styā, stī, =stiffen=使變硬

sthag, =cover=遮蓋

sthā(thā), =stand=站著

snā, =bathe=浸入,沖洗

snih, =be sticky=黏黏的

snu, =distil=蒸餾, 去蕪存菁

spand(phad)=quiver=顫抖

spaś, =see √paś

spūrdh, =see √spdh

sp, =win=獲勝

spdh / spūrdh, =contend=爭奪

spṛś(phus),接觸(touch)

sph, =be eager=熱心

spha, =split=劈開

sphar, =see √sph

sphal, =strike=, 攻擊

sphā, =fatten=養肥

sphu, =burst=爆炸

sphur / sphul, =see √sph

sphūrj, =rumble=隆隆聲

sph / aphar / aphur / aphul, =jerk etc.=猛拉等等

smi, =smile=微笑

sm, =remember=記得

syand/ syad, =move on=前進

sras / sras, =fall=落下

sridh, =blunder, =大錯

srīv, =fail=不及格, 失敗

sru, =flow=流動

svaj / svañj, =embroce=擁抱

svad / svād, =sweeten=使食物變甜

svan, =sound=發音, 出聲

svap (sup)=sleep=

svar, =sound=發音,出聲

svād, =see √svad

svid, =sweat=出汗, 滲出; 焦慮; 發酵, 使出汗

h

had, =cacare ? ?

han (han), = 責打(smite)(han)﹐【字根I.】殺(to kill),打(to beat)。【字根III.】被殺(to be killed)

har, =使高興(be gratified)cp. (har)﹐【字根I.】取走(to take away)

has(has), = =(smile, laugh)

hā, 1.(=hā)離開(leave)2.= =向前(go forth)

hās, =go emulously=競賽性的

hi, = =催促(impel)cp. (hi)﹐【字根IV.】發送(to send)

his(his), =injure=傷害→Hisati

hikk, =sob=嗚咽

hiṇḍ, =be empty=空的

hīḍ/ hel, =be hostile=敵人的

hu(hu), =sacrifice=犧牲, 脫售

hur, =see √hv

hū / hvā (hve), =call=叫喊

hūrch, =fall away=疏遠

h, 1.=take=拿;2.=be angry=發怒

hṛṣ, =be excited=刺激

heh, =

he / hel, =see √hīḍ

he, =whinny,以嘶聲表示

hnu, =hide=藏起來

hras, =shorten弄短, 縮小

hrād, =make a noise=聲響, 喧鬧聲

hrī(hiri), =be ashamed=羞愧

hru, =see √hv

hre, =neigh=嘶鳴

hlād, =refresh=清新

hval, =go wrong=弄錯

hv / hur / hru, =be or make crooked=彎曲, 不誠實

 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 

譯自:

William Dwight Whiteny, Roots, Verb-Forms, and Primary Derivatives of   Sanskrit Language, London,1885.

http://sanskritlibrary.org/whitney/)

 


參考工具( Reference Works)

Pali Grammar Books 巴利文法書

Introduction to Pali , by A. K. Warder. Pali Text Society (PTS), 1991, 3rd.

A Pali Grammar , by Wilhelm Geiger (English Trans.). Pali Text Society (PTS), 1994.

Syntax of the Cases in the Pali Nikayas , by O. H. de A. Wijesekera. Published by the Postgraduate Institute of Pali and Buddhist Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.

《巴利文法》水野弘元 著/許洋主 (世界佛學名著譯叢 5/華宇出版社)

 

Pali Dictionaries 巴利辭典

Pali-English Dictionary , by T. W. Rhys Davids & William Stede. Pali Text Society (PTS), 1986.

English - Pali Dictionary , by A. P. Buddhadatta Mahathera. Pali Text Society (PTS), 1955. Reprint: Motilal Banarasidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 1989.

Concise Pali-English Dictionary , by A. P. Buddhadatta Mahāthera, The Colombo Apothecaries' Co., Ltd., 1968.

《巴利語辭典》水野弘元 著(春秋社)